ED 039 165 - ERIC
48
ED 039 165 ATIT9OF TITLE TI STITUTION 9POFS AGENCY IEPOP.T q0 PUP7AU NO PUB DATE CONTPACT NOTE FDPS PRICE DFSCPIPTOP9 IDENTIFIERS APSTRACT DOCUMENT RESUME 95 SO 000 021 Gill, Clark C. Establishment of the American Colonies: A Comparison of Spanish and English America; for Senior Nigh School American History. Texas Univ., Austin. Office of Education (DHEW), Washington, D.C. Bureau of Research. RR-6-1183 68 OEC-4-6-061183-1216 47p. EDPS price MP'-$0.25 NC -$2.45 American Culture, * American History, Area Studies, Colonial History (United States) , Comparative Analysis, *Cross Cultural Studies, Cultural Awareness, Discussion (Teaching Technique), Grade 11, Grade 12, Inductive Methods, *Inquiry Training, instructional Materials, *Latin American Culture, *Secondary Grades, Social Studies Units, Sociocultural Patterns, Teaching Guides *Latin American Curriculum Project As one of the sequential units developed by the Latin American Curriculum Project, it expands further the material in 4-la units covered at the lower grade levels. It is a two week unit which emphasized, a comparison of the Anglo- and Latin American colonial systems. Broader perspectives and more meaningful understanding of both civiliza+ions are considered the major objectives. Comparative study is considered important here because it increases awareness of United States History, weakens stereotypes and ethnocentrism, and, offers excellent opportunities for the integration and extension of world geography and world history knowledge and skills. An attempt has been made to include content usually neglected in American history texts. A variety of sources and viewpoints are provided, an students are encouraged to critically analyze information and develop their own hypotheses. The activities +hat are suggested, attempt to stimulate meaningful class discussion. Specific references for each topic are indicated in the materials section. General bibliographies, maps, and readings are provided in the appendices. Maps and charts are meant to be used as transparency masters. This unit was designed to allow adaptation to more than one grade and ability level. Related reports are: ED 036 679, SO 000 019, SO 000 020, SO 000 022, SO 000 023. (SBE)
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Transcript of ED 039 165 - ERIC
ED 039 165
ATIT9OFTITLE
TI STITUTION9POFS AGENCY
IEPOP.T q0PUP7AU NOPUB DATECONTPACTNOTE
FDPS PRICEDFSCPIPTOP9
IDENTIFIERS
APSTRACT
DOCUMENT RESUME
95 SO 000 021
Gill, Clark C.Establishment of the American Colonies: A Comparisonof Spanish and English America; for Senior NighSchool American History.Texas Univ., Austin.Office of Education (DHEW), Washington, D.C. Bureauof Research.
RR-6-118368OEC-4-6-061183-121647p.
EDPS price MP'-$0.25 NC -$2.45American Culture, * American History, Area Studies,Colonial History (United States) , ComparativeAnalysis, *Cross Cultural Studies, CulturalAwareness, Discussion (Teaching Technique), Grade11, Grade 12, Inductive Methods, *Inquiry Training,instructional Materials, *Latin American Culture,*Secondary Grades, Social Studies Units,Sociocultural Patterns, Teaching Guides*Latin American Curriculum Project
As one of the sequential units developed by theLatin American Curriculum Project, it expands further the material in4-la units covered at the lower grade levels. It is a two week unitwhich emphasized, a comparison of the Anglo- and Latin Americancolonial systems. Broader perspectives and more meaningfulunderstanding of both civiliza+ions are considered the majorobjectives. Comparative study is considered important here because itincreases awareness of United States History, weakens stereotypes andethnocentrism, and, offers excellent opportunities for theintegration and extension of world geography and world historyknowledge and skills. An attempt has been made to include contentusually neglected in American history texts. A variety of sources andviewpoints are provided, an students are encouraged to criticallyanalyze information and develop their own hypotheses. The activities+hat are suggested, attempt to stimulate meaningful class discussion.Specific references for each topic are indicated in the materialssection. General bibliographies, maps, and readings are provided inthe appendices. Maps and charts are meant to be used as transparencymasters. This unit was designed to allow adaptation to more than onegrade and ability level. Related reports are: ED 036 679, SO 000 019,SO 000 020, SO 000 022, SO 000 023. (SBE)
0
EST
AB
LIS
HM
EN
T O
F T
HE
AM
ER
ICA
N C
OL
ON
IES
A C
OM
PAR
ISO
N O
FSP
AN
ISH
AN
D E
NG
LIS
HA
ME
RIC
A*
(For
Sen
ior
Hig
h Sc
hool
Am
eric
an H
isto
ry)
4 4
too
Inst
ruct
iona
l Uni
t No.
1(1
968)
LA
TIN
AM
ER
ICA
NC
UR
RIC
UL
UM
PR
OJE
CT
403
Sutto
n H
all,
The
Uni
vers
ityof
Tex
as, A
ustin
, Tex
as,
7871
2
*For
exp
erim
enta
l use
,no
t to
be d
uplic
ated
.
U.S
. DE
PA
RT
ME
NT
OF
HE
ALT
H. E
DU
CA
TIO
NW
ELF
AR
EO
FF
ICE
OF
ED
UC
AT
ION
%A
OT
HIS
DO
CU
ME
NT
HA
S B
EE
N R
EP
RO
DU
CE
DE
XA
CT
LY A
S R
EC
EIV
ED
FR
OM
TH
E P
ER
SO
N O
R
,;r-4
OR
GA
NIZ
AT
ION
OR
IGIN
AT
ING
IT. P
OIN
TS
OF
VIE
W O
R O
PIN
ION
S S
TA
TE
D D
O N
OT
NE
CE
S-
SA
RIL
Y R
EP
RE
SE
NT
OF
FIC
IAL
OF
FIC
E O
F E
DU
-C
AT
ION
PO
SIT
ION
OR
PO
LIC
Y
Est
ablis
hmen
t of
the
Am
eric
an C
olon
ies:
A C
ompa
riso
n of
Spa
nish
and
Eng
lish
Am
eric
a
Not
e:T
he r
esea
rch
repo
rted
her
ein
was
wri
tten
purs
uant
to a
con
trac
tw
ith th
e U
nite
d St
ates
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
, Edu
catio
nan
d W
elfa
re, O
ffic
e of
Edu
catio
n, W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.
Foreword
This unit, intended for a senior high school American history course,emphaMzes a comparison of the Anglo- and Latin American colonialsystems. It is assumed that in the intermediate grades or junior highschool considerable attention was given to the individual explorers andcolonial leaders. Since so many of the differences today between AngloAmerica and Latin America stem from the colonial period, this unitshould make a contribution to understanding the present as well as thepast.
Clark C. GillDirector
Ove
rvie
w
An
expa
nded
cont
ent o
utlin
e,su
gges
ted
activ
ities
,an
d m
ater
ials
are
pres
ente
d in
this
2-3
wee
k
unit
whi
ch in
tegr
ates
the
colo
nial
hist
ory
of S
pani
shan
d B
ritis
h A
mer
ica.
The
var
iety
of
activ
ities
and
mat
eria
lsof
fere
d is
inte
nded
to p
rovi
defl
exib
ility
, ena
blin
gth
e un
it to
be
adap
ted
to m
ore
than
one
grad
ean
d ab
ility
leve
l.
Com
para
tive
stud
yis
rec
omm
ende
dfo
r se
vera
l rea
sons
.B
road
er p
ersp
ectiv
esan
d m
ore
mea
ning
ful
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
bot
hU
nite
d St
ates
and
Lat
in A
mer
ican
civi
lizat
ions
are
maj
orob
ject
ives
. Why
and
how
hav
eSp
anis
h an
d B
ritis
hA
mer
ica
deve
lope
dsi
mila
rly?
Dif
fere
ntly
?T
o w
hat e
xten
tdo
es
thei
r co
loni
alex
peri
ence
exp
lain
pres
ent c
ondi
tions
?A
spec
ts o
f lif
e in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es (
e. g
.,
stab
le d
emoc
ratic
gove
rnm
ent)
are
oft
enun
cons
ciou
sly
acce
pted
as
natu
ral o
r no
rmal
, as
wel
l as
desi
rabl
e, w
ithou
tco
nsid
erat
ion
of h
ow o
rwhy
they
dev
elop
ed.
Com
para
tive
stud
yin
crea
ses
awar
enes
sof
Uni
ted
Stat
eshi
stor
y, w
eake
nsst
ereo
type
s an
det
hnoc
entr
ism
. By
exam
inin
g si
mila
r-
ities
and
dif
fere
nces
in E
urop
ean
back
grou
nds,
nat
ural
envi
ronm
ents
, nat
ive
Indi
an c
ivili
zatio
ns,
and
earl
y hi
stor
ical
expe
rien
ce, s
tude
nts
shou
ld d
evel
op m
ore
tole
rant
atti
tude
sto
war
d cu
ltura
l
diff
eren
ces.
In s
elec
ting
cont
ent,
an e
ffor
tha
s be
en m
ade
toem
phas
ize
gene
ralt
rend
s an
d id
eas.
Spec
ific
exam
ples
are
ess
entia
lfo
r ill
ustr
atio
nan
d ex
plan
atio
n of
gene
raliz
atio
ns a
ndco
ncep
ts, b
ut
"det
ails
" (e
.g.,
lists
of
expl
orer
s, c
onqu
eror
s,co
loni
es, i
mpe
rial
law
s) a
re n
ot u
sefu
l or
prac
-
tical
.A
ctiv
ities
em
phas
ize
rela
tions
hips
and
com
pari
sons
. A f
urth
erat
tem
pt h
as b
een
mad
e to
incl
ude
cont
ent,
usua
lly n
egle
cted
inA
mer
ican
his
tory
text
s,w
hich
is e
ssen
tial
to c
ompa
rativ
e
stud
y. F
or e
xam
ple,
the
Eur
opea
nba
ckgr
ound
s of
Am
eric
anci
viliz
atio
n ar
e of
ten
slig
hted
in
favo
r of
rat
her
deta
iled
acco
unts
of in
divi
dual
expl
orer
s. W
hile
the
latte
r pr
ovid
e hu
man
inte
rest
they
do
not e
xpla
inth
e E
urop
ean
infl
uenc
es in
Am
eric
a,an
d ar
e br
iefl
ytr
eate
d he
re. T
he'b
lack
lege
nd' o
f Sp
anis
hco
loni
zatio
n is
oft
enac
cept
ed w
ithou
tco
nsid
erat
ion
of o
ppos
ing
view
s of
Span
ish
soci
ety
inE
urop
e or
the
esse
ntia
lly m
edie
val
char
acte
r of
her
colo
nial
ven
ture
s.T
he
time
diff
eren
ce in
_Bri
tish
and
Span
ish
colo
niza
tion
is c
ruci
alto
an
unde
rsta
ndin
gof
sub
sequ
ent
colo
nial
dev
elop
men
t.
Com
para
tive
stud
y of
fers
exce
llent
opp
ortu
nitie
sfo
r th
e in
tegr
atio
nan
d ex
tens
ion
ofw
orld
geo
-
grap
hy a
nd w
orld
hist
ory
know
ledg
e an
dsk
ills.
A v
arie
tyof
sou
rces
and
view
poin
ts is
pro
vide
d
and
stud
ents
sho
uld
be e
ncou
rage
d to
criti
cally
ana
lyze
info
rmat
ion
and
deve
lop
thei
r ow
n hy
poth
eses
base
d on
the
evid
ence
they
hav
e st
udie
d.:B
oth
prim
ary
and
seco
ndar
y so
urce
s ar
eav
aila
ble
and
shou
ld b
e em
ploy
ed.
Map
s, c
hart
s, a
nddi
agra
ms
are
used
toill
ustr
ate
idea
s an
dfa
cilit
ate
com
pari
sons
.
Rat
her
than
lect
ure
and
reci
tatio
n, th
esu
gges
ted
activ
ities
atte
mpt
to s
timul
ate
mea
ning
ful d
iscu
s-si
on.
It is
exp
ecte
d th
at n
ot a
ll th
e su
gges
ted
actin
pie
s w
ill b
e su
itabl
e fo
r ev
ery
grou
p of
stu
dent
san
d th
at te
ache
rs w
ill f
ind
suff
icie
nt f
lexi
bilit
yto
ada
pt th
em to
thei
r in
divi
dual
situ
atio
ns.
Spec
ific
ref
eren
ces
for
each
topi
c ar
e in
dica
ted
in th
e 'M
ater
ials
' sec
tion,
and
gen
eral
bib
liogr
aphi
esfo
r Sp
anis
h an
d E
nglis
h A
mer
ica
are
prov
ided
in th
e A
ppen
dix
with
map
s an
d re
adin
gs f
rom
pri
mar
yso
urce
s. M
ultip
le c
opie
sof
the
follo
win
g pa
perb
ack
book
s ar
e re
com
men
ded
for
purc
hase
, and
shou
ld b
e av
aila
ble
in th
e cl
assr
oom
for
stud
ent u
se.
Ew
ing,
E. E
.,L
atin
Am
eric
an S
ocie
ty.
Skok
ie, I
llino
is: R
and
McN
ally
, 196
1. (
$1.5
0)
Kin
gsbu
ry, R
. and
Sch
neid
er, R
., A
tlas
of L
atin
Am
eric
an A
ffai
rs. N
ew Y
ork:
Pra
eger
,19
65. (
$1.7
5)
Pend
le, G
., A
His
tory
of
Lat
in A
mer
ica.
Bal
timor
e:Pe
ngui
n, 1
963.
($1
.25)
(es
peci
ally
reco
mm
ende
d fo
r th
e te
ache
r w
ho d
esir
es a
bri
ef, g
ener
alsu
rvey
)
Pete
rson
, H. F
.,L
atin
Am
eric
a. N
ew Y
ork:
Mac
mill
an, 1
966.
($2.
12)
Stav
rian
os, L
. S. a
nd B
lank
sten
, G.I
.L
atin
Am
eric
a: A
Cul
tura
l Are
a in
Per
spec
tive.
Bos
ton:
Ally
n an
d B
acon
, 196
7. (
$1.2
0)
Stav
rian
os, L
. S.,
et. a
l., R
eadi
ngs
in W
orld
His
tory
. Bos
ton:
Ally
n an
dB
acon
, 196
7. (
$4. 6
4)
With
the
exce
ptio
n of
Kin
gsbu
ry a
nd P
end
le, t
hese
book
s ha
ve b
een
wri
tten
for
high
sch
ool s
tude
nts
and
are
part
of
wor
ld c
ultu
re s
erie
s.
The
mat
eria
ls p
rovi
ded
in th
e A
ppen
dix
are
inte
nded
tobe
rep
rodu
ced
for
stud
ent u
se. T
he m
aps
and
char
t sho
uld
be u
sed
as tr
ansp
aren
cy m
aste
rs.
I.
Con
tent
Out
line
Polit
ical
, eco
nom
ic, s
ocia
l, an
d cu
ltura
l bac
kgro
unds
of
the
Am
eric
anpe
ople
sA
.15
th, 1
6th,
and
17t
h ce
ntur
y E
urop
e1.
Em
erge
nce
of u
nifi
ed n
atio
ns a
nd n
atio
nalis
m2.
Rel
igio
us c
onfl
ict
3.D
eclin
e of
feu
dalis
m a
nd b
egin
ning
s of
mod
ern
B.
The
wes
tern
hem
isph
ere
befo
re C
olum
bus
1.N
atur
al e
nvir
onm
ent
2.N
ativ
e cu
lture
sC
.M
otiv
es a
nd m
etho
ds o
f co
loni
zatio
n1.
Eff
ects
of
the
time
diff
eren
ce in
col
oniz
atio
n2.
Rol
e of
the
Eur
opea
n go
vern
men
ts
capi
talis
m
II.
Col
onia
l pat
tern
sA
.Im
peri
al th
eory
and
col
onia
l gov
ernm
ent
1.R
elat
ions
hip
betw
een
Eur
opea
n an
d co
loni
al g
over
nmen
ts2.
Loc
al c
olon
ial g
over
nmen
t3.
Chu
rch-
Stat
e re
latio
ns4.
Tra
de a
nd m
erca
ntile
reg
ulat
ions
B.
Lan
d an
d la
bor:
col
onia
l eco
nom
ies
C.
Soci
ety
and
cultu
re1.
Soci
al s
truc
ture
and
mob
ility
2.C
olon
ial c
ities
3.E
duca
tion
4.L
itera
ture
, arc
hite
ctur
e, a
rts
D.
Tur
ning
poi
nts:
the
mid
-18t
h ce
ntur
y1.
Bou
rbon
Ref
orm
s2.
Fren
ch a
nd I
ndia
n W
ar
Con
tent
Out
line
Po li
fica
l, ec
onom
ic, s
ocia
l,an
d cu
ltura
l bac
kgro
unds
of
the
Am
eric
an p
eopl
es
Acc
ordi
ng to
the
Am
eric
an h
isto
rian
,H
enry
Ste
ele
Com
.m.a
ger,
a p
eopl
e's
char
acte
r re
sults
from
the
blen
ding
of
inhe
rita
nce,
envi
ronm
ent,
and
hist
oric
al e
xper
ienc
e. T
hus,
in o
rder
to u
nder
stan
d th
e si
mila
ritie
san
d di
ffer
ence
s be
twee
n E
nglis
h an
dSp
anis
h A
mer
ica;
exa
m-
inat
ion
of th
eir
Eur
opea
n ba
ckgr
ound
s,ge
ogra
phy,
nat
ive
popu
latio
ns, a
ndhi
stor
y is
nece
ssar
y.
Act
iviti
esM
ater
ials
1.A
sk s
tude
nts
for
defi
nitio
ns o
f'c
hara
cter
' and
'cul
ture
,an
dpu
t the
ir id
eas
onth
e bo
ard.
Dis
cuss
and
mod
ify
defi
nitio
ns.
2.C
onsi
der
thos
e as
pect
s or
ingr
edie
nts
whi
ch C
omm
ager
cons
ider
s m
ost
impo
rtan
t. A
sk s
tude
nts
topr
ovid
e sp
ecif
ic e
xam
ples
(e.g
.,E
nglis
h co
loni
zatio
noc
curr
ed d
urin
ga
peri
odof
rel
igio
us c
onfl
ict;
thus
man
y co
loni
sts
cam
eto
Am
eric
a to
esca
pe p
erse
cutio
n,an
d as
a r
esul
tse
vera
l chu
rche
s w
ere
esta
blis
hed
in th
e E
nglis
h co
loni
es.
Or,
the
avai
labi
lity
of p
reci
ous
met
als
inSp
anis
h A
mer
ica
mad
em
inin
g a
maj
oroc
cupa
tion
and
sour
ce o
fin
com
e).
Add
to C
omm
ager
's li
stif
stu
dent
ssu
gges
t oth
er f
acto
rs.
3.O
n a
wor
ld m
ap,
indi
cate
the
rela
-tiv
e po
sitio
ns o
f Sp
ain,
Eng
,.and
and
the
New
Wor
ld. U
seof
a la
te 1
5th
cent
ury
map
wou
ldin
dica
te m
an's
view
of
the
wor
ld a
t tha
ttim
e.
Adm
inis
ter
an a
ttitu
dequ
estio
nnai
re.
Not
e ch
arac
teri
stic
s m
osto
ften
attr
i-bu
ted
to N
orth
and
Sou
thA
mer
ican
s.T
he r
esul
ts m
ay b
edi
scus
sed
with
the
clas
s or
sav
ed f
ordi
scus
sion
at
the
end
of th
e un
it.
1.A
list
of
gene
ral r
efer
ence
sfo
rSp
anis
h A
mer
ica
is p
rovi
ded
inth
e A
ppen
dix.
2.W
all m
ap o
f th
e w
orld
.
3.A
ttitu
de q
uest
ionn
aire
.Fo
r a
desc
ript
ion
of c
omm
on s
tere
otyp
es,
mis
conc
ept_
_In
s, a
nd p
robl
ems
ofcr
oss-
cultu
ral s
tudy
see
:
Ken
wor
thy,
L.,
Stud
ying
Sout
h A
mer
ica.
New
Yor
k: T
each
ers
Col
lege
, Col
umbi
aU
nive
rsity
, 196
5, p
p.7-
8.
Pete
rson
, H. F
., L
atin
Am
eric
a.N
ew Y
ork:
Mac
mill
an,
1966
,pp
. vii-
viii,
pp.
1-5.
A s
ampl
e qu
estio
nnai
reis
pro
vide
din
the
App
endi
x.
Con
tent
Out
line
A.
15th
, 16t
h, a
nd 1
7th
cent
ury
Eur
ope
1.E
mer
genc
e of
uni
fied
nat
ions
and
nat
iona
lism
Figh
ting
for
the
Eng
lish
thro
ne (
War
of
the
Ros
es)
ende
d in
148
5 w
hen
Hen
ry V
IIbe
cam
e ki
ng a
nd a
ttem
pted
to u
nify
and
str
engt
hen
the
natio
n. T
he m
arri
age
ofFe
rdin
and
of A
rago
n an
d Is
abel
la o
f C
astil
e in
146
9 es
tabl
ishe
d a
basi
s fo
rSp
anis
h un
ity a
nd e
xpul
sion
of
the
Moo
rs. T
he S
pani
sh c
onqu
ista
dore
s re
pres
en-
ted
a cu
lture
infl
uenc
ed b
y th
e M
osle
ms
who
had
occ
upie
d pa
rt o
f Sp
ain
sinc
e th
e8t
h ce
ntur
y. I
mpr
oved
agr
icul
tura
l met
hods
had
bee
n in
trod
uced
by
the
Mos
lem
s,an
d th
e Sp
anis
h la
ngua
ge c
ame
to in
clud
e w
ords
of
Ara
bic
orig
in. T
he s
helte
ring
of w
omen
and
the
mus
ic a
nd d
ance
s of
sou
ther
n Sp
ain
are
othe
r ex
ampl
es o
fM
oori
sh in
flue
nce.
A c
omm
on e
nem
y ai
ded
Span
ish
unif
icat
ion;
Eng
lish
king
sfa
ced
grea
ter
diff
icul
ties
with
dom
estic
jeal
ousi
es a
nd r
ival
ries
. The
aut
hori
tyof
the
Span
ish
mon
arch
y w
as a
bsol
ute
whi
le th
at o
f th
e E
nglis
h w
as li
mite
d by
trad
ition
and
an
incr
easi
ngly
pow
erfu
l Par
liam
ent.
Con
flic
t bet
wee
n th
e cl
aim
sof
Stu
art k
ings
to a
bsol
ute
pow
er a
nd th
ose
of P
arlia
men
t to
legi
slat
ive
pow
ers
led
to c
ivil
war
in 1
642.
Lat
er, i
n 16
88, t
he G
lori
ous
Rev
olut
ion
oust
ed th
eSt
uart
s an
d le
d to
the
Bill
of
Rig
hts
(168
9) w
hich
est
ablis
hed
Parl
iam
enta
rysu
prem
acy
in E
ngla
nd.
Nat
iona
l uni
ty b
red
natio
nal p
ride
and
spi
rit w
hich
, com
bine
d w
ith r
elig
ious
ferv
or a
nd c
omm
erci
al r
ival
ry, w
ould
eve
ntua
lly le
ad to
inte
nse
com
petit
ion
for
colo
nies
and
trad
e, a
nd to
war
.
Rel
igio
us c
onfl
ict
Dem
ands
for
ref
orm
of
the
Rom
an C
atho
lic C
hurc
h as
wel
l as
the
pres
ence
of
Moo
rs a
nd J
ews
led
to th
e es
tabl
ishm
ent o
f Sp
ain'
s no
tori
ous
Inqu
isiti
on in
147
8,Se
rvin
g po
litic
al a
s w
ell a
s re
ligio
us e
nds,
it e
limin
ated
dis
sent
, fac
ilita
ted
uni-
fica
tion,
and
pre
pare
d Sp
ain
to a
ssum
e le
ader
ship
in th
e co
min
g cr
usad
e ag
ains
tPr
otes
tant
ism
and
to s
prea
d th
e C
atho
lic f
aith
,
Aft
er 1
517,
rel
igio
us u
nity
in E
urop
e w
as s
hatte
red,
and
ther
e w
as v
ery
little
relig
ious
tole
ratio
n. H
enry
VII
I di
vide
d E
ngla
nd w
hen,
by
the
Act
of
Supr
emac
y,
Act
iviti
esM
ater
ials
1.D
efin
e m
ajor
term
s or
con
cept
s su
chas
nat
iona
lism
, cap
italis
m, p
oliti
cal,
econ
omic
, and
soc
ial.
Dis
cuss
and
illus
trat
e fr
om s
tudy
of
Eng
land
and
Spai
n; in
clud
e co
ntem
pora
ry e
xam
ples
.Sh
ow th
at c
apita
lism
is a
n ec
onom
icsy
stem
whi
ch c
an e
xist
with
sev
eral
polit
ical
for
ms.
2.Il
lust
rate
, by
mea
ns o
f a
diag
ram
or
char
t, th
e re
latio
nshi
ps b
etw
een
the
Eng
lish
and
Span
ish
roya
l fam
ilies
.If
a h
ando
ut is
use
d, s
tude
nts
can
add
maj
or e
vent
s in
Eur
ope
and
Am
eric
a to
thei
r di
agra
ms.
A s
ampl
e di
agra
m is
prov
ided
in th
e A
ppen
dix.
3,H
ave
stud
ents
pre
pare
tim
elin
es,
draw
n to
sca
le, i
ndic
atin
g ev
ents
inE
urop
e re
leva
nt to
col
oniz
atio
n of
the
New
Wor
ld. P
rovi
de s
pace
to in
clud
ede
velo
pmen
ts in
the
colo
nies
. Eve
nts
in a
ctiv
ities
2 a
nd 4
may
be
used
on
the
timel
ine.
4.C
onst
ruct
a d
iagr
am to
indi
cate
rel
a-tio
nshi
ps a
mon
g ev
ents
in E
urop
em
otiv
atin
g ex
plor
atio
n an
d co
loni
zatio
n,su
ch a
s th
e C
rusa
des,
Ren
aiss
ance
,an
d R
efor
mat
ion,
in a
dditi
on to
eve
nts
note
d in
the
Con
tent
Out
line.
5.A
fter
stu
dent
s ha
ve s
tudi
ed c
ondi
tions
in S
pain
and
Eng
land
, ask
them
toge
nera
lize
from
thei
r ob
serv
atio
ns.
4
1.A
list
of
gene
ral r
efer
ence
s fo
r E
nglis
hA
mer
ica
is p
rovi
ded
in th
e A
ppen
dix.
2.M
iller
, W.,
A N
ew H
isto
ry o
f th
e U
nite
dSt
ates
. New
Yor
k: D
ell,
1962
.C
h. 1
."T
he F
our
Wor
lds
of th
e 15
th C
entu
ry, "
pp. 7
-28.
3.N
otes
tein
, W.,
The
Eng
lish
Peop
le o
n th
eE
ve o
f C
olon
izat
ion.
New
Yor
k: H
arpe
ran
d R
ow, 1
954.
Ch.
1, "
A R
etro
spec
t,E
ngla
nd u
p to
160
3, "
pp.
1-1
0.
4.Pa
lmer
, R. R
. and
Col
ton,
J.,
His
tory
of
the
Mod
ern
Wor
ld. N
ew Y
ork:
Kno
pf,
1956
, pp.
90-
104
(com
mer
cial
rev
olut
ion
and
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f ca
pita
lism
).
5.Pe
ndle
, G. A
His
tory
of
Lat
in A
mer
ica,
pp. 2
7-31
.
Con
tent
Out
line
1534
, he
proc
laim
edhi
mse
lf h
ead
of th
e A
nglic
anC
hurc
h.C
atho
lic S
pain
and
Prot
esta
nt E
ngla
ndbe
cam
e M
ajor
riv
als
afte
r E
lizab
eth
Ire
ject
ed P
hilip
II's
mar
riag
e of
fer,
aid
edth
e re
belli
ous
Dut
chPr
otes
tant
s ag
ains
t Spa
in,
and
enco
urag
ed p
irat
ing
of S
pani
sh s
hips
bri
ngin
gtr
easu
res
from
the
New
Wor
ld.
Inte
rnal
rel
igio
usco
nflic
t bec
ame
inte
nse
duri
ng th
e re
igns
of
the
Stud
arts
(160
3-16
49, 1
660-
1688
)pr
essu
ring
dis
sent
ers
tole
ave
Eng
land
, som
efo
r th
e
New
Wor
ld.
3.D
eclin
e of
feu
dalis
man
d be
ginn
ings
of
mod
ern
capi
talis
m
As
king
s un
ifie
d th
eir
natio
ns a
nd in
crea
sed
thei
r po
wer
, tha
t of
the
nobl
es w
asw
eake
ned.
Tra
de w
asst
imul
atin
g th
e gr
owth
of
aw
ealth
y, m
erch
ant m
iddl
ecl
ass
whi
ch s
uppo
rted
king
s, u
nifo
rm la
w, a
ndpr
otec
tion
of p
rope
rty
agai
nst
the
priv
ilege
d ar
isto
crac
y.G
row
ing
citie
s at
trac
ted
peop
le f
rom
rur
al a
reas
furt
her
wea
keni
ng f
euda
ltie
s.W
ealth
fro
m tr
ade,
espe
cial
ly w
ith th
e Fa
rE
ast,
was
occ
asio
nally
inve
sted
in m
anuf
actu
ring
.T
he r
isks
invo
lved
in o
cean
trad
ele
d to
the
form
atio
nof
trad
ing
com
pani
es o
rco
rpor
atio
ns.
Shor
ter,
saf
erro
utes
to th
e O
rien
t wer
eso
ught
by
Port
ugal
and
Spai
n, la
ter
by th
e D
utch
and
Eng
lish.
In S
pain
the
Inqu
isiti
onde
stro
yed
a la
rge
segm
ent
of th
e m
iddl
e cl
ass
whi
le
Bri
tish
mer
chan
tspr
ospe
red,
in p
art,
from
pira
ting
Span
ish
ship
ping
.B
ritis
h tr
ade
and
wea
lthin
crea
sed
whi
le S
pain
beca
me
incr
easi
ngly
depe
nden
t
upon
wea
lthfr
om h
er c
olon
ies.
The
Cat
holic
atti
tude
tow
ard
prof
it-m
akin
g m
ayex
plai
n, in
par
t, Sp
ain'
sec
onom
ic p
ositi
on.
Activities Materials
For example: Peoples or cultures havesimilar needs which may be satisfiedin different ways that change with timeand new conditions (e.g., Governmentsto maintain order and provide protectionexisted in Spain and England, and bothwere monarchies; however, the powerof the English king was limited andcontinued to be eroded by Parliament. ).Change in one aspect of a people's cultureaffects and alters other aspects of theirculture (e.g., In England, the growthof trade, an economic change, wasaccompanied by the growth of a mer-chant middle class which demandedand eventually gained political power,a political change.).
Discuss (explain and illustrate) thestatement, "No age -- unless it beour own -- needed a New World'as much as the age of Columbus. u*
*Miller, W. , A New History of the United States, p. 8.
6
Con
tent
Out
line
B.
The
Wes
tern
Hem
isph
ere
befo
re C
olum
bus
Nat
ural
env
iron
men
t
In N
orth
Am
eric
a, B
ritis
h co
loni
es w
ere
esta
blis
hed
alon
g th
e A
tlant
ic c
oast
alpl
ain
whi
ch p
rovi
ded
fert
ile f
arm
land
, nat
ural
har
bors
, and
nav
igab
le r
iver
s.T
rade
and
fis
hing
bec
ame
impo
rtan
t occ
upat
ions
in th
e no
rth
whi
le m
ore
fert
ilele
vel l
and
to th
e so
uth
mad
e ex
port
agr
icul
ture
pro
fita
ble.
The
App
alac
hian
mou
ntai
ns d
id n
ot p
rovi
de a
for
mid
able
bar
rier
to w
estw
ard
mov
emen
t.
Span
ish
settl
emen
ts te
nded
to b
e es
tabl
ishe
d al
ong
the
coas
ts a
nd in
are
as w
here
larg
e In
dian
pop
ulat
ions
wer
e av
aila
ble
to s
uppl
y la
bor
nece
ssar
y fo
r ag
ricu
lture
and
min
ing.
Mou
ntai
ns d
omin
ate
the
phys
ical
map
of
Lat
in A
mer
ica,
isol
atin
gpo
pula
tion
cent
ers
whi
ch a
re o
ften
at h
ighe
r el
evat
ions
to e
scap
e tr
opic
al a
ndsu
b-tr
opic
al c
limat
es.
Mou
ntai
ns, a
rid
plai
ns, a
nd u
nhea
lthy
jung
les
sepa
rate
popu
latio
ns a
nd in
crea
se is
olat
ion.
Gol
d an
d si
lver
wer
e m
ajor
attr
actio
ns d
urin
gth
e ea
rly
colo
nial
per
iod.
2.N
ativ
e cu
lture
s
In th
e 15
th c
entu
ry th
ere
wer
e hu
ndre
ds o
f In
dian
trib
es a
t var
ious
sta
ges
ofde
velo
pmen
t in
the
Wes
tern
Hem
isph
ere.
The
Ind
ian
popu
latio
n of
the
area
whi
ch is
now
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es w
as a
ppro
xim
atel
y on
e m
illio
n; a
bout
twen
tym
illio
n In
dian
s in
habi
ted
Mid
dle
and
Sout
h A
mer
ica.
Nor
th A
mer
ican
trib
es h
ad li
ttle
in c
omm
on e
xcep
t the
ir r
elig
ious
bel
iefs
,w
hich
em
phas
ized
nat
ure
wor
ship
. Som
e tr
ibes
wer
e ag
ricu
ltura
l as
the
Iroq
uois
of u
pper
New
Yor
k, th
e m
ost a
dvan
ced
trib
e en
coun
tere
d by
ear
ly E
nglis
hse
ttler
s. M
ost t
ribe
s w
ere
at le
ast s
emi-
mig
rato
ry a
s th
e A
lgon
quin
s of
New
Eng
land
who
wer
e pr
imiti
ve h
unte
rs.
The
mos
t com
plex
Ind
ian
cultu
res
wer
e fo
und
in M
iddl
e an
d So
uth
Am
eric
a, b
utin
spi
te o
f th
eir
wea
lth a
nd g
rand
eur,
Eur
opea
n at
titud
es w
ere
cond
esce
ndin
g.M
aya,
Azt
ec, a
nd. I
nca
cultu
res
lack
ed a
n al
phab
et, i
ron
tool
s, w
heel
s, a
nd
Mat
eria
ls
1.O
n a
wal
l map
or
usin
g tr
ansp
aren
cies
,in
dica
te th
e re
lativ
e po
sitio
ns o
f N
orth
Am
eric
a, S
outh
Am
eric
a, E
urop
e, a
ndA
fric
a. M
ost o
f L
atin
Am
eric
a lie
sso
uthe
ast o
f th
e U
nite
d St
ates
and
muc
hof
it is
clo
ser
to W
est A
fric
a an
d E
urop
eth
an to
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es; m
uch
of L
atin
Am
eric
a is
rem
ote
from
oth
er la
rge
land
are
as, p
opul
atio
n ce
nter
s, a
ndtr
ade
rout
es.
2.U
sing
indi
vidu
al d
esk
map
s or
a s
erie
sof
tran
spar
enci
es, i
ndic
ate
maj
or la
nd-
form
s, n
ativ
e po
pula
tion
cent
ers,
colo
nial
citi
es, n
atur
al r
esou
rces
, and
maj
or tr
ade
rout
es. N
ote
geog
raph
icsi
mila
ritie
s an
d di
ffer
ence
s be
twee
nN
orth
and
Sou
th A
mer
ica.
Lis
ts o
rch
arts
mig
ht b
e pr
epar
ed b
y in
divi
dual
stud
ents
or
a su
mm
ary
char
t mig
ht b
epr
epar
ed b
y th
e cl
ass
as a
who
le o
nth
e ba
sis
of c
lass
dis
cuss
ion.
3.C
ompa
re th
e A
maz
on a
nd M
issi
ssip
piri
vers
with
res
pect
to th
eir
effe
cts
onth
e de
velo
pmen
t of
surr
ound
ing
area
s.A
n ex
cerp
t fro
m M
ark
Tw
ain'
s L
ife
on th
e M
issi
ssip
pi a
nd a
map
sho
win
gth
e ex
tent
of
the
Am
azon
are
pro
vide
din
the
App
endi
x.
4.A
sk s
tude
nts
to p
redi
ct s
imila
ritie
san
d di
ffer
ence
s in
Bri
tish
and
Span
ish
colo
nial
cul
ture
s w
hich
may
be
expe
cted
1.W
all m
aps
of th
e w
orld
and
wes
tern
hem
isph
ere.
2.M
aps
of th
e N
ew W
orld
and
the
New
Wor
ld in
Rel
atio
n to
Eur
ope
and
Afr
ica
are
prov
ided
in th
e A
ppen
dix.
3.K
ings
bury
, R. a
nd S
chne
ider
, R..
Atla
s of
Lat
in A
mer
ican
Aff
airs
.(e
spec
ially
pag
es 2
-17)
4.Pe
ndle
, G.,
A H
isto
ry o
f L
atin
Am
eric
a,pp
. 13-
27.
5.St
avri
an&
s, L
. S..,
et.
al.,
Rea
ding
s in
Wor
ld H
isto
ry.
"May
as, A
ztec
s, a
ndpp
. 406
-419
;"A
utho
rita
rian
ism
of th
e A
ztec
Rul
ers,
" p
p. 4
30-4
31.
6."M
yths
that
Hid
e th
e A
mer
ican
Ind
ian,
"A
mer
ican
Her
itage
, Oct
ober
195
6,pp
. 4-9
.
7.Fo
r fu
rthe
r re
fere
nce:
8
Bai
ty, E
. C.,
Am
eric
ans
Bef
ore
Col
umbu
s. N
ew Y
ork:
Ack
ing,
195
1.(e
asy
read
ing)
Col
e, D
. B.
Atla
s of
Am
eric
an H
isto
ry.
Bos
ton:
Gin
n, 1
963.
Em
bree
, E. R
.., I
ndia
ns o
f th
e A
mer
icas
.B
osto
n: H
ough
ton-
Mif
flin
, 193
9.
1111
101.
..mm
.m-
Con
tent
Out
line
wor
k an
imal
s. M
ayan
soc
iety
was
uni
ted
by r
elig
ious
or
cere
mon
ial t
ies.
The
ir a
rt, a
rchi
tect
ure
(pyr
amid
s an
d te
mpl
es),
cal
enda
rs, m
ath,
ast
rono
mic
alob
serv
atio
ns, a
nd c
raft
s in
dica
ted
a hi
gh d
egre
e of
kno
wle
dge
and
skill
. By
the
time
of th
e Sp
anis
h co
nque
st, t
heir
cul
ture
had
dec
lined
. The
Inc
as r
uled
ala
rge
empi
re, d
evel
oped
citi
es, a
nd d
ispl
ayed
con
side
rabl
e so
phis
ticat
ion
inen
gine
erin
g (i
rrig
atio
n sy
stem
s, r
oads
), te
xtile
s, a
nd s
ocia
l org
aniz
atio
n.T
he A
ztec
s, w
arri
ors
from
the
nort
h, m
oved
to p
rese
nt-d
ay M
exic
o C
ity d
urin
gth
e 13
th c
entu
ry a
nd c
onqu
ered
sur
roun
ding
trib
es. A
com
plex
soc
iety
evo
lved
but A
ztec
art
s an
d cr
afts
wer
e no
t as
intr
icat
e as
thos
e of
the
May
as. I
n ge
nera
l,th
ese
Indi
an s
ocie
ties
wer
e au
thor
itari
an a
nd r
elig
ious
, with
dis
tinct
cla
sses
and
com
mun
al p
atte
rns
of la
nd o
wne
rshi
p.
Act
iviti
esM
ater
ials
on th
e ba
sis
of g
eogr
aphi
cfe
atur
esof
the
area
s, th
eir
nativ
e po
pula
tions
,an
d th
eir
Eur
opea
n in
heri
tanc
es. F
orex
ampl
e, w
hat d
iffe
renc
es m
ight
be
expe
cted
to r
esul
t fro
m th
e la
rger
num
bers
and
mor
e ad
vanc
ed c
ultu
res
of M
iddl
e an
d So
uth
Am
eric
an I
ndia
ns?
Not
e hy
poth
eses
for
fut
ure
refe
renc
e.T
his
activ
ity m
ay s
erve
to s
umm
ariz
est
udy
to th
is p
oint
bef
ore
turn
ing
toex
plor
atio
n an
d co
loni
zatio
n.
Mas
on, J
.A.,
The
Anc
ient
Civ
iliza
tion
of P
eru.
Bal
timor
e: P
engu
in, 1
957.
Mor
ley,
S. G
.,T
he A
ncie
nt M
aya.
Stan
ford
: Sta
nfor
d U
nive
rsity
Pre
ss,
1956
.
Tho
mps
on, J
.E.,
The
Ris
e an
d Fa
ll of
May
a C
ivili
zatio
n. N
orm
an: U
nive
rsity
of O
klah
oma
Pres
s, 1
966.
Und
erhi
ll, R
.H.,
Red
1V
iani
s A
mer
ica:
A H
isto
ry o
f In
dian
s in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es.
Chi
cago
: Uni
vers
ity o
f C
hica
go P
ress
,1
953.
Val
liant
, G. C
.,T
he A
ztec
s of
Mex
ico,
Bal
timor
e: P
engu
in, 1
961.
Von
Hag
en, V
. W.,
The
Wor
ld o
f th
eM
aya.
New
Yor
k: N
ew A
mer
ican
Lib
rary
, 195
7,
Wol
f, E
.So
ns o
f th
e Sh
akin
g E
arth
.C
hica
go: U
nive
rsity
of
Chi
cago
Pre
ss,
1959
.(e
thno
hist
ory
of M
exic
o an
dC
entr
al A
mer
ica)
.07
Con
tent
Out
line
C.
Mot
ives
and
met
hods
of
colo
niza
tion
Polit
ical
, eco
nom
ic, a
nd r
elig
ious
fac
tors
mot
ivat
ed b
oth
Span
ish
and
Bri
tish
colo
niza
-tio
n, b
ut th
eir
spec
ific
nat
ure
diff
ered
.In
add
ition
, the
re w
ere
Span
iard
s an
d E
nglis
h-m
en w
ho s
ough
t adv
entu
rean
d gl
ory
or p
erso
nal p
ower
.
1.E
ffec
ts o
f th
e tim
e di
ffer
ence
in c
olon
izat
ion
Span
ish
expl
orat
ion,
con
ques
t, an
d co
loni
zatio
n, m
otiv
ated
by
the
desi
re to
dom
inat
e ot
her
peop
le, t
o ga
in c
omm
erci
al a
dvan
tage
s fo
r Sp
ain,
and
to c
onve
rtm
ore
soul
s fo
r th
e C
atho
licC
hurc
h, r
efle
cted
late
15t
h an
d 16
th c
entu
ry(m
edie
val)
Spa
nish
soc
iety
.M
ilita
ry s
piri
t, fo
ster
ed b
y th
e fi
ghtin
g w
ith a
ndfi
nal d
efea
t of
the
Moo
rs in
149
2, n
atio
nalis
m, a
nd r
elig
ious
fer
vor
com
bine
dto
urg
e Sp
ain
to n
ew c
onqu
ests
,.In
Spa
in, s
ocie
ty r
emai
ned
pred
omin
atel
yfe
udal
in c
hara
cter
, and
the
Cat
holic
Chu
rch
was
a p
ower
ful i
nstit
utio
n.C
onqu
ista
dore
s su
ch a
s C
orte
s an
d m
issi
onar
ies
such
as
Las
Cas
as il
lust
rate
dth
e co
mpl
ex m
ood
of S
pani
sh c
olon
izat
ion
whi
le th
e cr
own
was
pri
mar
ily c
on-
cern
ed w
ith m
aint
aini
ng it
s au
thor
ity, o
btai
ning
rev
enue
, and
med
iatin
g th
eco
nflic
ting
dem
ands
of
conq
uist
ador
es a
nd C
hurc
h w
ithou
t sac
rifi
cing
its
own
inte
rest
s.B
efor
e th
e E
nglis
h se
ttled
at J
ames
tow
n, S
pain
sh c
lerg
y ha
d in
stru
cted
the
Indi
ans
in S
pani
sh c
raft
s an
d su
perv
ised
the
cons
truc
tion
of c
athe
dral
s,m
onas
teri
es, a
nd c
onve
nts.
Bot
h ar
chite
ctur
e an
d sc
ulpt
ure
show
nat
ive
infl
uenc
es (
e.g.
, sta
tues
of
Chr
ist o
ften
had
Ind
ian
feat
ures
).U
nive
rsiti
esw
ere
esta
blis
hed
at M
exic
o C
ity a
nd L
ima
in th
e m
id-1
6th
cent
ury.
Whi
le S
pain
(an
d Po
rtug
al)
expl
ored
, con
quer
ed, a
nd c
olon
ized
, Eng
land
was
divi
ded
by r
elig
ious
and
pol
itica
l con
flic
t; at
the
sam
e tim
e, a
pro
sper
ous
ocea
ntr
ade
and
mid
dle
clas
s w
ere
grow
ing.
How
ever
, man
y E
nglis
hmen
wer
e un
em-
ploy
ed a
s th
e en
clos
ure
of f
arm
land
s fo
r gr
azin
g le
ft th
em w
ithou
t lan
d or
job
skill
s.A
fter
the
defe
at o
f th
e Sp
anis
h A
rmad
a in
158
8, B
ritis
h se
apow
er b
egan
to d
omin
ate
the
ocea
ns, f
urth
er w
eake
ning
Spa
in w
hich
, und
er P
hilip
II
(155
6-15
98),
dep
ende
d up
on c
olon
ial w
ealth
for
exp
ensi
ve E
urop
ean
war
s in
def
ense
of C
atho
licis
m. E
lizab
eth
I m
anag
ed to
sm
ooth
rel
igio
us c
onfl
icts
whi
le e
n-co
urag
ing
indu
stry
, tra
de, a
nd th
e pi
ratin
g of
Spa
nish
shi
ps.
Rel
igio
us a
ndpo
litic
al c
onfl
ict f
lare
d un
der
the
Stua
rts,
and
Eng
lish
colo
niza
tion
bega
n.
Act
iviti
esM
ater
ials
1.C
ompa
re S
pani
sh a
ndB
ritis
h m
otiv
esfo
r co
loni
zatio
n. D
istin
guis
hbe
twee
nna
tiona
l and
indi
vidu
alm
otiv
es (
e. g
.,in
divi
dual
des
ire
for
econ
omic
opp
or-
tuni
ty a
nd r
oyal
des
ire
for
inco
me
and
pres
tige)
.R
elat
e m
otiv
es to
dom
estic
cond
ition
s. A
sum
mar
y ch
art
shou
ld b
eco
mpi
led
by th
e st
uden
ts o
nth
e ba
sis
of c
lass
dis
cuss
ion.
2.A
naly
ze th
e ef
fect
s of
the
100
year
diff
eren
ce in
Spa
nish
and
Eng
lish
colo
niza
tion.
Why
did
Spa
ines
tabl
ish
colo
nies
in A
mer
ica
a ce
ntur
ybe
fore
the
Eng
lish?
In
wha
t way
sdo
thes
e10
0 ye
ars
expl
ain
diff
eren
ces
betw
een
thei
r m
etho
ds a
nd m
otiv
esof
col
oni-
zatio
n? W
hat o
ther
fac
tors
mig
htex
plai
n th
e ob
serv
eddi
ffer
ence
s?Po
int o
ut, f
or e
xam
ple,
that
the
Ref
orm
atio
n an
d C
omm
erci
alR
evol
u-tio
n al
tere
d co
nditi
ons
inE
urop
e an
dth
us th
e na
ture
of
Eng
lish
colo
niza
tion.
3.H
ave
indi
vidu
al s
tude
nts
orsm
all
grou
ps r
epor
t on
vari
ous
aspe
cts
ofea
rly
colo
niza
tion
(e.g
.,Pr
ince
Hen
ryth
e N
avig
ator
and
adva
ncem
ents
inna
viga
tion,
ear
lier
disc
over
ies
ofA
mer
ica,
Col
umbu
s, C
orte
z,Pi
zzar
o,Ja
mes
tow
n, M
assa
chus
etts
Bay
).
4.D
iscu
ss e
xplo
ratio
n an
dco
loak
zatio
nof
the
New
Wor
ld in
com
pari
son
with
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es-S
ovie
t spa
ce r
ace.
Are
mot
ives
and
met
hods
of e
xplo
ra-
tion
sim
ilar
in a
ny w
ay?
1."E
xplo
ratio
n an
d D
isco
very
, "V
isua
l His
tory
Wal
l Map
.C
ivic
Edu
catio
n Se
rvic
e,1733 K
Stre
et N
. W.,
Was
hing
ton,
D. C
. ,20006.
2.G
ibso
n, C
., Sp
ain
in A
mer
ica,
Ch.
2.
3.
Mill
er, W
.,A
New
His
tory
of
the
Uni
ted
Stat
esC
h. 2
.
4.Pe
ndle
, G.,
A H
isto
ry o
f L
atin
Am
eric
a, p
p.32-50.
125.St
avri
anos
, L. S
., et
. al.,
Rea
ding
sin
Wor
ld H
isto
ry.
"The
Mee
ting
ofM
onte
zum
a an
d C
orte
s,"
pp. 4
20-
423
(fro
m B
erna
l Dia
z);
"Col
umbu
sD
isco
vers
the
New
Wor
ld,
" pp
. 122
-12
5 (f
rom
his
lette
rs);
"Piz
zaro
Con
quer
s th
e In
ca E
mpi
re,"
pp.
128
-130
(fro
m P
resc
ott)
.
6.T
ePas
ke, J
. J. (
ed. )
, Thr
eeA
mer
ican
Em
pire
s,
"The
Col
onia
l Ide
a in
Eng
land
. "(d
iffi
cult
read
ing)
7.Fo
r fu
rthe
r re
fere
nce:
Ban
non,
J. F
., T
he S
pani
shC
onqu
ista
-do
res:
Men
or
Dev
ils?
New
Yor
k:H
olt,
1960
. (in
clud
esey
ewitn
ess
acco
unts
)
Con
tent
Out
line
Jam
esto
wn,
the
firs
t per
man
ent E
nglis
h co
lony
in N
orth
Am
eric
a, w
as a
com
mer
-ci
al v
entu
re f
inan
ced
by th
e L
ondo
n C
ompa
ny in
hop
es o
f fi
ndin
g go
ld a
nd s
ilver
.So
on a
fter
, Pilg
rim
s se
ttled
at P
lym
outh
, and
Joh
n W
inth
rop'
s Pu
rita
ns e
stab
-lis
hed
the
firs
t lar
ge E
nglis
h co
mm
unity
as
Mas
sach
uset
ts B
ay C
olon
y. L
arge
num
bers
of
Eng
lishm
en m
igra
ted
to th
e co
loni
es a
nd th
e re
lativ
ely
smal
l Ind
ian
popu
latio
n w
as r
emov
ed. I
n co
ntra
st, r
elat
ivel
y sm
all n
umbe
rs o
f Sp
ania
rds
conq
uere
d an
d ru
led
larg
e In
dian
pop
ulat
ions
. Mos
t Eng
lish
colo
nist
s so
ught
polit
ical
and
rel
igio
us f
reed
om a
nd e
cono
mic
opp
ortu
nity
whi
le S
pani
sh c
onqu
eror
san
d co
loni
sts
tend
ed to
see
k po
litic
al a
nd e
cono
mic
pow
er a
nd r
elig
ious
uni
form
ity.
The
eco
nom
ic m
otiv
es o
f E
nglis
h an
d Sp
anis
h m
erch
ants
, tra
ding
com
pani
es,
and
prop
riet
ors
wer
e si
mila
r. E
ssen
tially
, Bri
tish
colo
niza
tion
was
mod
ern
and
capi
talis
tic, w
hile
Spa
in's
was
med
ieva
l and
feu
dalis
tic.
2.R
ole
of th
e E
urop
ean
gove
rnm
ents
Col
onie
s w
ere
esta
blis
hed
by p
riva
te in
divi
dual
s or
cor
pora
tions
(e.
g., c
onqu
ista
-do
res,
pro
prie
tors
, Lon
don
Com
pany
) w
ith th
eir
gove
rnm
ent's
enc
oura
gem
ent.
Nei
ther
Spa
in n
or E
ngla
nd c
ould
aff
ord
to d
irec
tly s
pons
or c
olon
ial v
entu
res.
How
ever
, with
in a
sho
rt ti
me,
bot
h at
tem
pted
to e
xten
d th
eir
auth
ority
to th
eN
ew W
orld
and
esp
ecia
lly to
der
ive
com
mer
cial
adv
anta
ges
from
thei
r co
loni
es.
By
the
mid
-16
th c
entu
ry, t
he S
pani
sh c
row
n w
as m
ovin
g to
cur
b th
e po
wer
and
inde
pend
ence
of
the
conq
uist
ador
esT
he c
hart
er g
rant
ed b
y Ja
mes
I f
or w
hat
beca
me
Mas
sach
uset
ts B
ay C
olon
y pr
ovid
ed th
at th
e co
mpa
ny e
stab
lish
the
gove
rnm
ent;
how
ever
, in
the
late
17t
h ce
ntur
y it
cam
e un
der
roya
l con
trol
.M
ism
anag
emen
t at J
ames
tow
n le
d to
rev
ocat
ion
of th
at c
olon
y's
char
ter
and
itsbe
com
ing
a ro
yal c
olon
y as
ear
ly a
s 16
24.
Act
iviti
esM
ater
ials
5.A
dd r
oute
s of
maj
orex
plor
ers
and
impo
rtan
t col
onia
l cen
ters
to e
arlie
rm
aps.
6.C
ompa
re th
e Sp
anis
han
d E
nglis
hat
titud
es a
nd a
ctio
nsto
war
d th
eIn
dian
pop
ulat
ions
ofA
mer
ica
duri
ng th
eir
firs
t enc
ount
ers.
To
wha
t ext
ent a
repr
esen
t-da
y at
titud
esan
d re
latio
ns tr
acea
ble
to th
ese
earl
yex
peri
ence
s? (
Furt
her
cons
ider
atio
nof
rel
atio
ns a
mon
gIn
dian
s, N
egro
es,
and
Eur
opea
ns is
sugg
este
d la
ter
inth
e un
it. )
Cor
tes,
H,,
Five
Let
ters
,15
19-
1526
. New
Yor
k: N
orto
n,19
62.
Har
ris,
M.,
Patte
rns
of R
ace
inth
e A
mer
icas
. New
Yor
k: W
alke
r,19
64.
Kir
kpat
rick
, F. A
. , T
heSp
anis
h C
on-
quis
tado
res.
New
Yor
k:B
arne
s an
dN
oble
, 196
7,
Mor
ison
, S. E
. , C
hris
toph
erC
olum
bus,
Mar
iner
. Bos
ton:
Litt
le,
Bro
wn,
195
5,
Parr
y J.
G. A
ge o
fR
econ
nais
sanc
e.C
leve
land
: Wor
ld P
ublis
hers
,19
63.
Pres
cott,
W. H
. , T
heC
onqu
est o
fM
exic
o, th
e C
onqu
est
of P
eru,
and
Oth
er S
elec
tions
. R.
How
ell (
ed).
New
Yor
k: W
ashi
ngto
nSq
uare
, 196
7.
Schr
ag, P
., T
he E
urop
ean
Min
d an
dth
e D
isco
very
of
a N
ewW
orld
. (N
ewD
imen
sion
s in
Am
eric
anH
isto
ry,
Com
mitt
ee o
n th
e St
udy
ofH
isto
ry,
V.R
. Hal
sey,
ed.
)B
osto
n: D
.C. H
eath
,19
63.
Con
tent
Out
line
II.
Col
onia
l Pat
tern
s
A.
Impe
rial
theo
ry a
nd c
olon
ial g
over
nmen
t
1.R
elat
ions
hip
betw
een
Eur
opea
n an
d co
loni
al g
over
nmen
ts
The
Am
eric
an c
olon
ies
wer
e vi
ewed
as
an e
xten
sion
of S
pain
; the
ir p
rim
ary
func
tion
was
to p
rovi
de m
uch
need
ed in
com
e. S
pani
sh c
olon
ial
adm
inis
trat
ion
was
hig
hly
cent
raliz
edan
d au
thor
itari
an, a
nd S
pani
sh c
ontr
ol w
as r
einf
orce
dby
the
activ
ities
of
the
Chu
rch
whi
ch, u
nder
roy
al p
atro
nage
, was
aw
ealth
y,co
nser
vativ
e in
flue
nce.
The
per
iod
of e
xplo
ratio
n an
d co
nque
stla
sted
unt
ilth
e 15
20's
; con
quis
tado
res
rule
d al
mos
t unc
heck
edun
til 1
540
whe
n th
e Sp
anis
hgo
vern
men
t exe
rted
its
auth
ority
thro
ugh
the
Hou
se o
fTra
de a
nd th
e C
ounc
ilof
the
Indi
es w
hich
adv
ised
the
king
reg
ardi
ng c
olon
ial p
olic
y.C
olon
ial
adm
inis
trat
ors,
fro
m v
icer
oy to
loca
l or
prov
inci
al o
ffic
ials
, wer
eap
poin
ted
by th
e ki
ng a
nd r
uled
in h
is n
ame.
Lat
er, h
owev
er, a
s th
e cr
own
desp
erat
ely
need
ed a
dditi
onal
fun
ds, l
esse
r of
fice
s w
ere
ofte
npu
rcha
sed.
In
spite
of
mas
-si
ve a
mou
nts
of le
gisl
atio
n co
veri
ng m
any
aspe
cts
of c
olon
ial l
ife,
aut
hori
ties
in S
pain
wer
e un
able
to e
nfor
ce th
eir
regu
latio
ns.
A c
omm
on s
ayin
g w
as,
"God
is in
hea
ven,
the
Kin
g is
in S
pain
, and
I a
m h
ere
in th
e C
olon
ies.
"
Prio
r to
176
3, B
ritis
h re
gula
tion
of h
er A
mer
ican
colo
nies
was
inco
nsis
tent
and
-rel
ativ
ely
mild
.C
olon
ies
wer
e es
tabl
ishe
d un
der
roya
l cha
rter
s or
pro
-pr
ieta
ry g
rant
s w
hich
left
the
orga
niza
tion
of c
olon
ial
gove
rnm
ents
to c
ompa
nyof
fici
als
or p
ropr
ieto
rs. B
y th
e la
te 1
7th
cent
ury
the
crow
n w
asat
tem
ptin
g to
incr
ease
its
cont
rol b
y re
voki
ng c
hart
ers
and
appo
intin
g ro
yal g
over
nors
whe
reve
r po
ssib
le, a
s w
ell a
s pr
essu
ring
Par
liam
ent t
oen
forc
e its
eco
nom
icre
gula
tions
(N
avig
atio
n A
cts)
. Bri
tain
's"n
egle
ct"
of h
er A
mer
ican
col
onie
sw
as, i
n pa
rt, a
res
ult o
f he
r ow
nin
tern
al p
reoc
cupa
tions
(e.
g., c
ivil
war
,G
lori
ous
Rev
olut
ion)
. Tha
t num
bers
of
colo
nist
sle
ft E
ngla
nd a
nd e
lsew
here
beca
use
of p
oliti
cal p
erse
cutio
n an
d th
en d
eman
ded
thei
rri
ghts
as
Eng
lishm
enas
a b
asis
for
fur
ther
fre
edom
,al
so c
ontr
ibut
ed to
a f
reer
pol
itica
l atm
osph
ere
than
in S
pani
sh A
mer
ica.
Aft
er th
e Fr
ench
and
Ind
ian
war
,w
hen
Bri
tain
at-
tem
pted
to e
xten
d he
r au
thor
ity in
the
colo
nies
, the
que
stio
nof
Par
liam
ent's
15
Act
iviti
esM
ater
ials
1.H
ave
stud
ents
dia
gram
the
typi
cal
mid
-18t
h ce
ntur
y co
loni
al g
over
n-m
ent.
Seve
ral s
tude
nts
mig
htbe
aske
d to
put
thei
r di
agra
ms
on th
ebo
ard
for
clas
s di
scus
sion
and
mod
ific
atio
n. A
typi
cal d
iagr
am f
orth
e B
ritis
h go
vern
men
t sho
uld
incl
ude:
gove
rnor
app
oint
edby
the
king
;as
sist
ants
app
oint
ed b
y th
e ki
ng o
rgo
vern
or, f
orm
ing
the
uppe
rho
use
of a
bic
amer
al le
gisl
atur
e; lo
wer
hous
e co
mpo
sed
of q
ualif
ied
colo
nial
vote
rs. T
he f
unct
ions
and
soc
io-
econ
omic
bac
kgro
und
of e
ach
mig
htbe
not
ed. P
aral
lel d
iagr
ams
for
Bri
tish
and
Span
ish
Am
eric
a m
ight
be u
sed
as a
bas
is f
or d
iscu
ssio
n in
the
two
follo
win
g ac
tiviti
es.
2.W
heth
er o
r no
t pol
itica
l dem
ocra
cyex
iste
d in
the
Bri
tish
colo
nies
can
be
a si
gnif
ican
t deb
ate
ordi
scus
sion
topi
c.C
hapt
er H
in F
ine
and
Bro
wn,
The
Am
eric
an P
ast,
prov
ides
sch
olar
ly b
ack-
grou
nd. S
tude
nts
shou
ld d
efin
e po
litic
alde
moc
racy
and
est
ablis
h st
anda
rds
byw
hich
to ju
dge
colo
nial
pol
itics
.,V
otin
gqu
alif
icat
ions
, for
exa
mpl
e, m
ight
be
care
fully
inve
stig
ated
and
the
prop
or-
tion
of n
on-f
ree
peop
le d
eter
min
ed;
vari
atio
ns a
mon
g co
loni
es s
houl
d be
note
d.
3.A
noth
er v
alua
ble
disc
ussi
on to
pic
mig
ht c
onsi
der
the
ques
tion,
"Oth
er
16
1.C
omm
ager
, H. S
.,L
ivin
g T
dea.
s.W
inth
rop,
J.,
"Rel
igio
us C
onfo
rmity
in th
e B
ay C
olon
y, "
pp.
495
-498
;W
illia
ms,
R.,
"God
Req
uire
th N
ota
Uni
form
ity o
f R
elig
ion,
" pp
. 499
-500
.
2.G
ibso
n, C
., Sp
ain
in A
mer
ica,
pp. 4
3-18
1.
Mill
er, W
., A
New
His
tory
of
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es, C
h. 3
.
4.Pe
ndle
, G.,
A H
isto
ry o
f L
atin
Am
eric
a, p
p. 5
7-68
.
5.St
avri
anos
, L. S
.,et
. al.
,R
eadi
ngs
in W
orld
His
tory
."A
utho
rita
rian
ism
in th
e C
olon
ial P
erio
d, "
pp.
432
-434
;"T
he C
hurc
h an
d th
e In
dian
s, "
pp. 4
88-4
90, (
from
Col
lier
and
Bru
tron
):"T
he C
hurc
h an
d E
duca
tion,
" p
p. 4
91-4
94,
(fro
m A
mer
icas
).
6.Fo
r fu
rthe
r re
fere
nce:
The
Cre
atio
n of
Soc
iety
in th
e N
ewW
orld
.(B
erke
ley
Seri
es in
Am
eric
anH
isto
ry, C
. Sel
lers
, ed.
) C
hica
go:
Ran
d M
cNal
ly, 1
963.
Har
ing,
C.H
, The
Spa
nish
Em
pire
in A
mer
ica.
New
Yor
k: H
arco
urt,
1963
.
Con
tent
Out
line
sove
reig
nty
prov
oked
hea
ted
deba
te. H
avin
g de
velo
ped
thei
r ow
n po
litic
al b
elie
fs,
inst
itutio
ns, a
nd lo
yalti
es, c
olon
ists
wer
e un
will
ing
to s
urre
nder
them
.
2.L
ocal
col
onia
l gov
ernm
ent
The
cab
ildo,
or
tow
n co
unci
l, in
Spa
nish
Am
eric
a m
ight
hav
e of
fere
d op
port
uniti
esfo
r se
lf-g
over
nmen
t. In
pra
ctic
e, h
owev
er, i
t had
littl
e po
wer
or
dem
ocra
ticch
arac
ter.
Mos
t Spa
niar
ds h
eld
adm
inis
trat
ive
posi
tions
and
had
a s
take
inpr
eser
ving
the
stat
us q
uo; t
hey
wer
e ad
min
istr
ator
s ra
ther
than
pol
icym
aker
s.T
here
was
littl
e lo
cal i
nitia
tive
as th
e In
dian
maj
ority
was
pow
erle
ss a
nd g
ener
ally
resi
gned
to it
s po
sitio
n.(I
ndia
n ci
viliz
atio
ns h
ad a
lso
been
aut
hori
tari
an.
Loc
al g
over
nmen
t in
the
New
Eng
land
col
onie
s w
as c
hara
cter
ized
by
the
tow
nm
eetin
g in
whi
ch th
e lim
ited
num
ber
of q
ualif
ied
vote
rs c
ould
par
ticip
ate,
whi
leco
unty
org
aniz
atio
n w
as m
ost c
omm
on in
the
Sout
h w
here
peo
ple
lived
on
rela
tivel
y is
olat
ed p
lant
atio
ns o
r sm
all f
arm
s ra
ther
than
com
pact
far
m v
illag
esor
tow
ns (
ofte
n pl
anne
d in
New
Eng
land
to m
aint
ain
chur
ch c
ongr
egat
ions
and
prov
ide
defe
nse
agai
nst I
ndia
n at
tack
). T
he m
ost i
mpo
rtan
t cou
nty
offi
cial
was
the
just
ice
of th
e pe
ace
who
was
usu
ally
app
oint
ed b
y th
e go
vern
or a
nd th
uste
nded
to r
epre
sent
upp
er-c
lass
inte
rest
s.
3.C
hurc
h-St
ate
rela
tions
The
wea
lth a
nd g
ener
ally
con
serv
ativ
e in
flue
nce
of th
e Sp
anis
h C
atho
lic C
hurc
hha
ve a
lrea
dy b
een
note
d. T
here
was
no
relig
ious
fre
edom
in S
pain
or
Span
ish
Am
eric
a du
ring
the
colo
nial
per
iod.
The
Chu
rch
in S
pani
sh A
mer
ica
exer
cise
dse
vera
l fun
ctio
ns in
add
ition
to c
onve
rsio
n of
the
Indi
ans
and
perf
orm
ance
of
relig
ious
dut
ies.
Gen
eral
ly, I
ndia
n re
ligio
us b
elie
fs w
ere
not t
oler
ated
alth
ough
som
e In
dian
pra
ctic
es w
ere
inco
rpor
ated
or
adap
ted
in o
rder
to f
acili
tate
conv
ersi
on. E
duca
tion
and
cultu
re w
ere
dom
inat
ed b
y th
e C
hurc
h; th
e un
iver
sitie
ses
tabl
ishe
d at
Mex
ico
City
and
Lim
a in
the
mid
-16t
h ce
ntur
y ar
e ex
ampl
es.
Som
e In
dian
sch
ools
wer
e es
tabl
ishe
d in
Mex
ico,
but
edu
catio
n w
as in
tend
edpr
imar
ily f
or S
pani
sh c
hild
ren.
Act
iviti
es..1
=M
ater
ials
than
the
inte
nse
Span
ish
conc
ern
and
regu
latio
n of
her
Am
eric
an c
olon
ies,
wha
t con
ditio
ns o
rfa
ctor
s w
orke
d ag
ains
tth
e de
velo
pmen
tof
dem
ocra
tic o
r re
-pr
esen
tativ
ego
vern
men
t?"
Poin
t out
the
abse
nce
of a
trad
ition
of
limite
dgo
vern
men
t in
Spai
nan
d th
us th
e ab
-se
nce
ofbe
lief
in a
nd e
xper
ienc
ew
ithse
lf-g
over
nmen
t; In
dian
civi
lizat
ions
wer
e al
soau
thor
itari
an; g
reat
dif
fer-
ence
s be
twee
nIn
dian
and
Spa
nish
way
san
d la
ck o
f co
mm
unic
atio
nth
war
ted
coop
erat
ion
as e
qual
s; th
eSp
anis
hcr
own
exer
ted
its a
utho
rity
rel
ativ
ely
earl
y, b
efor
e in
depe
nden
tin
stitu
tions
coul
d be
fir
mly
est
ablis
hed.
4.B
oth
Bri
tain
and
Spa
inpu
rsue
d m
er-
cant
ilist
eco
nom
ic p
olic
ies.
Mer
can-
tilis
m s
houl
d be
ful
lyex
plai
ned
and
disc
usse
d. C
ompa
riso
n w
ithla
isse
z-fa
ire
or f
ree
trad
e id
eas
mig
ht b
e m
ade.
Smith
, J. M
. (ed
), 1
7th
Cen
tury
Am
eric
a: E
ssay
s in
Col
onia
lH
isto
ry.
Dur
ham
: Uni
vers
ity o
fN
orth
Car
olin
aPr
ess,
195
9.
Con
tent
Out
line
Chu
rch
and
stat
e w
ere
clos
ely
tied
in e
arly
(17t
h ce
ntur
y) N
ew E
ngla
nd,
espe
cial
ly in
theo
crat
ic M
assa
chus
etts
, and
rel
igio
usqu
alif
icat
ions
for
vot
ing
wer
e co
mm
on. A
lthou
gh e
stab
lishe
dch
urch
es e
xist
ed in
som
e so
uthe
rnco
loni
es, c
hurc
h an
d st
ate
tend
ed to
be
sepa
rate
inst
itutio
ns.
Rho
de I
slan
dan
d Pe
nnsy
lvan
ia o
ffer
ed g
reat
er r
elig
ious
fre
edom
than
was
foun
d el
sew
here
.W
hile
rel
igio
us p
erse
cutio
n w
as a
mot
ive
for
Eng
lish
colo
niza
tion,
dis
sent
ers
appe
ared
to s
eek
free
dom
for
them
selv
es w
ithou
t ext
endi
ng it
toot
hers
.
4.T
rade
and
mer
cant
ile r
egul
atio
ns
Stri
ct r
egul
atio
n of
min
ing
and
trad
e co
uld
not p
reve
ntsm
uggl
ing
and
incr
easi
ngfo
reig
n co
mpe
titio
n.Sp
ain
depe
nded
upo
n he
r co
loni
es f
or f
unds
to m
aint
ain
her
posi
tion
in E
urop
e an
d to
sup
port
uns
ucce
ssfu
l rel
igio
us w
ars
(e. g
.,
Thi
rty
Yea
rs W
ar, 1
618-
1648
). A
s he
r tr
ade
mon
opol
y cr
umbl
ed,
Spai
n's
stre
ngth
and
pow
er f
aded
in E
urop
e an
d A
mer
ica.
Bri
tish
cont
rol o
f he
r A
mer
ican
col
onie
s be
fore
176
3 w
asex
erci
sed
thro
ugh
trad
e re
gula
tions
, the
Nav
igat
ion
Act
s (1
660'
s), d
esig
ned
tobe
nefi
t Eng
land
and
Eng
lish
mer
chan
ts b
y su
pply
ing
need
ed m
ater
ials
and
mar
kets
. Col
onia
ltr
ade
was
con
fine
d to
Eng
lish
or c
olon
ial s
hips
; cer
tain
pro
duct
sco
uld
only
be s
old
to E
ngla
nd; o
ther
s co
uld
only
be
purc
hase
d fr
omE
nglis
h m
erch
ants
.T
he a
cts
wer
e no
t con
side
red
oppr
essi
ve a
nd e
nfor
cem
ent w
asla
x; h
owev
er,
smug
glin
g w
as p
rofi
tabl
e. I
n th
e 18
th c
entu
ry p
rohi
bitio
ns o
nm
anuf
actu
ring
wer
e ad
ded
to e
limin
ate
com
petit
ion
with
Bri
tish
good
s.
Con
tent
Out
line
B.
Lan
d an
d la
bor:
col
onia
l eco
nom
ies
Span
iard
s an
d cr
eole
s vi
ewed
man
ual l
abor
as
bene
ath
thei
r di
gnity
and
thus
to b
eav
oide
d. T
o so
lve
the
labo
r pr
oble
m, t
hey
deve
lope
d th
e en
com
iend
a (t
ribu
te),
repa
rtim
ient
o (f
orce
d la
bor)
, and
hac
iend
a (d
ebt p
eona
ge o
r fe
udal
) sy
stem
s to
expl
oit I
ndia
n la
bor.
The
Ind
ian
popu
latio
n de
clin
ed d
ram
atic
ally
thro
ugho
ut th
e16
th c
entu
ry, a
nd th
e de
clin
e or
abs
ence
of
Indi
an la
bor
led
to th
e im
port
atio
n of
slav
es, e
spec
ially
in th
e W
est I
ndie
s an
d th
e no
rthe
aste
rn c
oast
of
Sout
h A
mer
ica
whe
re c
omm
erci
al p
lant
atio
ns b
ecam
e co
mm
on.
The
Bri
tish
colo
nial
eco
nom
y w
as m
ore
dive
rsif
ied
than
that
of
Span
ish
Am
eric
aw
hich
dep
ende
d la
rgel
y on
exp
ort a
gric
ultu
re a
nd m
inin
g. A
lthou
gh th
e so
uthe
rnco
loni
es w
ere
over
whe
lmin
gly
agri
cultu
ral (
susb
iste
nce
and
expo
rt),
New
Eng
land
and
Mid
dle
colo
nies
eng
aged
in tr
ade,
man
ufac
turi
ng, l
umbe
ring
, shi
pbui
ldin
g,an
d fi
shin
g as
wel
l as
agri
cultu
re. I
n th
e So
uth,
fer
tile
land
mad
e fa
rmin
g pr
ofita
ble,
and
slav
ery
disc
oura
ged
hand
icra
fts,
man
ufac
turi
ng, a
nd th
us th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
asi
zeab
le m
iddl
e cl
ass.
Pri
vate
ent
erpr
ise
(cap
italis
m)
char
acte
rize
d th
e ec
onom
yal
thou
gh p
rodu
ctio
n of
cer
tain
raw
mat
eria
ls w
as e
ncou
rage
d by
bou
ntie
s. I
ndus
try
was
stim
ulat
ed b
y an
abu
ndan
ce o
f ra
w m
ater
ials
, ava
ilabi
lity
of te
chni
cal s
kills
:,an
d la
ck o
f m
oney
with
whi
ch to
buy
Eng
lish
good
s.
Lan
d in
Bri
tish
Am
eric
a w
as o
wne
d ou
trig
ht w
ithou
t (fe
udal
) ob
ligat
ions
; "fe
e si
mpl
e"w
as a
sig
nifi
cant
dep
artu
re f
rom
com
mon
Eur
opea
n pr
actic
e. T
he a
vaila
bilit
y of
chea
p or
fre
e la
nd m
ade
labo
r sc
arce
. The
dem
and
for
labo
r w
as m
et b
y in
dent
ured
(con
trac
t) s
erva
nts
and
Neg
ro s
lave
s. I
nden
ture
d se
rvan
ts c
ompr
ised
abo
ut 1
/4 to
1/3
of th
e co
loni
al p
opul
atio
n. S
lave
ryw
as f
orm
ally
est
ablis
hed
in V
irgi
nia
in th
e16
60's
and
exp
ande
d th
roug
hout
the
colo
nies
by
the
end
of th
e ce
ntur
y at
whi
ch ti
me
mos
t col
onie
s en
acte
d "s
lave
cod
es"
desi
gned
to p
rote
ct th
e pr
oper
ty r
ight
s of
slav
eow
ners
. Sla
ves
wer
e le
ss u
sefu
l in
the
Nor
th w
here
far
ms
wer
e sm
alle
r an
dth
e po
pula
tion
grew
mor
e ra
pidl
y, a
nd s
lave
ry d
eclin
ed. T
he s
lave
trad
e co
ntin
ued
to b
ring
larg
e pr
ofits
to N
ew E
ngla
nd s
hipo
wne
rs.
20
Act
iviti
esM
ater
ials
1.R
elat
e th
e B
ritis
h an
d Sp
anis
h A
mer
i-ca
n ec
onom
ies
to p
rese
ntec
onom
icpo
sitio
ns. T
he la
ck o
f in
dust
ry in
Spai
n an
d Sp
anis
h A
mer
ica
and
the
depe
nden
ce o
n pr
ecio
us m
etal
s as
sour
ces
of in
com
e sh
ould
be
emph
a-si
zed
in e
xpla
natio
n of
pre
sent
eco
nom
-ic
"un
derd
evel
opm
ent.
" A
lso,
agri
cultu
re in
Spa
in's
col
onie
s w
asof
ten
gear
ed to
the
expo
rt o
f a
sing
lecr
op; s
uch
depe
nden
ce c
ontin
ues
and
is in
par
t res
pons
ible
for
pre
sent
-da
y ec
onom
ic in
stab
ility
.
2.C
ompa
re th
e ro
le o
f th
e fr
ontie
r in
Bri
tish
and
Span
ish
Am
eric
a. B
razi
l,fo
r ex
ampl
e, s
till h
as v
ast u
nexp
lore
dor
bar
ely
inha
vite
d re
gion
s.
21
1St
avrj
anos
, L. S
.,et
. al.
,R
eadi
ngs
in W
orld
His
tory
. "E
cono
mic
Stan
dstil
l, "
pp. 4
59-4
68; "
Soci
alA
ttitu
des
Tow
ard
Lab
or, "
pp.
495
-496
.
2.Se
e m
ater
ials
list
ed f
or I
I-A
and
II-C
als
o.
Con
tent
Out
line
C.
Soci
ety
and
cultu
re
1.So
cial
str
uctu
re a
nd m
obili
ty
The
cla
sh o
f Sp
anis
h an
d In
dian
cul
ture
s w
as d
isas
trou
s fo
r th
e In
dian
who
sein
stitu
tions
wer
e sh
atte
red.
Tho
se im
pose
d by
Spa
in te
nded
to e
xplo
it hi
m;
alth
ough
tech
nica
lly th
e In
dian
was
not
ens
lave
d, r
oyal
pro
tect
ion
was
gen
eral
lyin
effe
ctiv
e. H
e ha
d no
pol
itica
l voi
ce o
r in
flue
nce.
A h
iera
rchi
cal s
ocia
lor
der
emer
ged
with
the
Indi
an a
t the
bot
tom
(ex
cept
for
the
slav
e) a
nd n
o pl
ace
for
the
mes
tizo
(per
son
of m
ixed
blo
od).
The
Ind
ian
popu
latio
n te
nded
to r
eact
or
adju
stto
Spa
nish
rul
e by
pas
sive
ly a
ccep
ting
its b
leak
fut
ure
(fat
aiis
m).
Im
mig
ratio
nw
as r
estr
!.ct
ed to
"loy
al"
Span
ish
Cat
holic
s. A
sta
tic, s
trat
ifie
d so
ciet
y do
min
ated
by th
e C
hurc
h, C
row
n, a
nd th
eir
repr
esen
tativ
es w
as e
stab
lishe
d. G
reat
dist
ance
s se
para
ted
the
Span
ish
elite
and
the
Indi
an m
asse
s.
Cla
ss d
iffe
renc
es, a
ccep
ted
in B
rita
in, w
ere
less
dis
tinct
and
mor
e fl
exib
le in
her
colo
nies
. The
abu
ndan
ce o
f la
nd a
nd e
cono
mic
opp
ortu
nity
see
med
to h
ave
a le
velin
g ef
fect
; sur
viva
l and
suc
cess
depe
nded
upo
n ab
ility
and
eff
ort m
ore
than
. bir
th.
Cla
ss d
istin
ctio
ns w
ere
mor
e ob
viou
s in
the
sout
hern
col
onie
s(w
here
the
num
ber
of s
lave
s in
crea
sed
and
the
mid
dle
clas
s w
as s
mal
l) a
nd in
seac
oast
citi
es.
Lar
ge la
ndow
ners
, mer
chan
ts, a
nd la
ter,
man
ufac
ture
rs h
eld
the
high
est p
ositi
ons.
The
Mid
dle
colo
nies
attr
acte
d th
e la
rges
t num
ber
ofim
mig
rant
s an
d th
us w
ere
mor
e he
tero
gene
ous
than
the
larg
ely
Bri
tish
New
Eng
land
and
sou
ther
n ar
eas.
By
the
mid
-18t
h ce
ntur
y, s
ocio
-eco
nom
ic g
roup
scu
t acr
oss
sect
iona
l lin
es, a
nd a
num
ber
of h
isto
rian
s co
nsid
er E
ast-
Wes
t(t
idew
ater
- ba
ckeo
untr
y) d
iffe
renc
es to
hav
e be
en g
reat
er th
an N
orth
-Sou
thdi
ffer
ence
s.
2.C
olon
ial c
ities
3.E
duca
tion
22
Act
iviti
esM
ater
ials
1.C
ompa
re s
ever
al a
spec
ts o
f N
ewE
ngla
nd (
Mas
sach
uset
ts),
Mid
dle
(Pen
nsyl
vani
a), a
nd S
outh
ern
(Vir
gini
a) li
fe in
ord
er to
illu
stra
teth
e va
riet
y w
ithin
the
Bri
tish
colo
nies
.U
se tw
o or
thre
e co
loni
es a
s ex
ampl
esra
ther
than
atte
mpt
ing
to c
over
all
ofth
em. E
xten
d co
mpa
riso
n to
incl
ude
Span
ish
Am
eric
a. C
onsi
der
reas
ons
for
less
var
iabi
lity
with
in S
pani
shA
mer
ica.
2.Fo
r a
desc
ript
ion
of li
fe in
the
18th
cent
ury
Bri
tish
colo
nies
and
an
exer
-ci
se in
ana
lysi
s of
pri
mar
y so
urce
s,us
e th
e ex
cerp
t fro
mC
reve
coeu
rpr
ovid
ed in
the
App
endi
x.
3.C
ompa
re th
e in
telle
ctua
l atm
osph
ere
of S
pani
sh a
nd B
ritis
h A
mer
ica.
Not
e,fo
r ex
ampl
e, th
e hu
man
ist t
radi
tion
inSp
anis
h A
mer
ica
and
the
prac
tical
or
scie
ntif
ic o
utlo
ok in
the
Bri
tish
colo
nies
.E
urop
ean
criti
cs te
nd to
sco
rn th
ecu
lture
(or
lack
of
cultu
re)
in th
eE
nglis
h co
loni
es.
4.C
ompa
re th
e at
titud
e to
war
d an
dtr
eatm
ent o
f th
e In
dian
s an
d N
egro
esin
Spa
nish
and
Bri
tish
Am
eric
a.W
hy w
as s
lave
ry e
stab
lishe
d? S
ec-
tions
in T
anne
nbau
m's
Sla
ve a
ndC
itize
n, H
arri
s' P
atte
rns
of R
ace
in th
e A
mer
icas
, and
Han
ke's
23
1.A
rcin
iega
s, G
erm
an, L
atin
Am
eric
a,A
Cul
tura
l His
tory
. New
Yor
k: K
nopf
,19
67.
2.B
orah
, W.,
et. a
l.,
"Col
onia
l Ins
ti-tu
tions
and
Con
tem
pora
ry L
atin
Am
eric
a, "
The
His
pani
c A
mer
ica
His
tori
cal R
evie
w. X
LII
I (1
963)
,pp
. 371
-394
.
3.Fr
ankl
in, B
., A
utob
iogr
aphy
and
Oth
er W
ritin
gs.
(R. B
. Nye
, ed.
)B
osto
n: H
ough
ton-
Mif
flin
.
4.H
anke
, L.
,A
rist
otle
and
the
Am
eric
anIn
dian
: A S
tudy
of
Rac
e Pr
ejud
ices
inth
e M
oder
n W
orld
. Chi
cago
: Reg
nery
,19
59.
5.H
arri
s, M
., Pa
ttern
s of
Rac
e in
the
Am
eric
as. N
ew Y
ork:
Wal
ker,
196
4.
6.L
as C
asas
, B.,
The
Tea
rs o
f th
eIn
dian
s.(A
cade
mic
Rep
rint
s, P
. O. B
ox30
03, S
tanf
ord,
Cal
ifor
nia,
pub
lishe
s a
repr
oduc
tion
of th
e 16
56 E
nglis
h ed
ition
. )
7.N
evin
s, A
. and
Com
mag
er, I
L S
.,A
Sho
rt H
isto
ry o
f th
e U
nite
d St
ates
.N
ew Y
ork:
Kno
pf, 1
964,
(re
v. e
d.)
."T
he C
olon
ial H
erita
ge, "
in C
h. 2
.
Con
tent
Out
line 4.
Lite
ratu
re, a
rchi
tect
ure,
art
s
A w
ide
choi
ce o
f to
pics
is a
vaila
ble
for
cons
ider
atio
n of
col
onia
lcu
lture
. Rat
her
than
a s
uper
fici
al o
verv
iew
, sel
ecte
d st
udy
or in
divi
dual
rep
orts
is d
esir
able
.Su
gges
ted
refe
renc
es a
re li
sted
unde
r "M
ater
ials
,"
and
exce
rpts
fro
m p
rim
ary
sour
ces
are
prov
ided
in th
e A
ppen
dix.
Act
iviti
esM
ater
ials
Ari
stot
le a
nd th
e A
mer
ican
Ind
ian
mig
ht b
e re
ad f
or in
divi
dual
rep
orts
or a
pan
el d
iscu
ssio
n.
5.C
ompa
re th
e at
titud
es o
f Se
pulv
eda
and
Las
Cas
as w
ith r
espe
ct to
Spa
in1s
Indi
an p
olic
ies.
Exc
erpt
s pr
ovid
ed in
the
App
endi
x w
ould
mak
e ex
celle
ntba
ckgr
ound
for
deb
ate.
Furt
her
refe
renc
es a
re s
ugge
sted
und
er"M
ater
ials
. "
6.C
ompa
re m
ajor
Spa
nish
and
Bri
tish
Am
eric
an c
ities
suc
h as
Mex
ico
City
or L
ima
and
Phila
delp
hia
or N
ew Y
ork.
Des
crip
tions
of
17th
cen
tury
Mex
ico
City
and
18t
h ce
ntur
y L
ima
are
prov
ided
in th
e A
ppen
dix.
7.T
he e
xcer
pt "
Edu
catio
n in
the
U. S
.an
d L
atin
Am
eric
a, "
pro
vide
d in
the
App
endi
x., e
mph
asiz
es c
olon
ial b
ack-
grou
nds
and
diff
eren
ces,
des
crib
ing
seve
ral a
spec
ts o
f co
loni
al li
fe.
Itm
ight
be
used
for
a g
ener
al d
iscu
ssio
nof
col
onia
l edu
catio
n or
as
part
of
conc
ludi
ng a
ctiv
ities
for
this
uni
t.
8.Pr
epar
e a
list o
r w
all c
hart
sum
mar
-iz
ing
the
lega
cy o
r he
rita
ge o
f th
eco
loni
al p
erio
ds in
Bri
tish
and
Span
ish
Am
eric
a. D
iscu
ss th
e ex
tent
to w
hich
thes
e as
pect
s of
col
onia
l lif
e (a
) ca
nbe
exp
ecte
d to
infl
uenc
e fu
rthe
r de
velo
p-m
ent,
and
(b)
exis
t tod
ay. I
tem
s m
ight
8.M
eltz
er, M
. (ed
), I
n T
heir
Ow
n W
ords
. (A
His
tory
of
the
Am
eric
an N
egro
, 161
9-18
65).
New
Yor
k: T
hom
as Y
. Cro
wel
l,19
64.
9.Pi
con-
Sala
s, M
., A
Cul
tura
l His
tory
of S
pani
sh A
mer
ica.
Ber
kele
y:U
nive
rsity
of
Cal
ifor
nia
Pres
s, 1
962.
10.
Tan
nenb
aum
, F.,
Slav
e an
d C
itize
n.N
ew Y
ork:
Vin
tage
, 194
6.
11.
Wri
ght,
L. B
.,T
he C
ultu
ral L
ife
ofth
e A
mer
ican
Col
onie
s, 1
607-
1763
.N
ew Y
ork:
Har
per
and
Row
, 195
7.
Activities Materials
include: (for British America) experi-ence with representative government;respect for civil rights (freedom ofspeech, press, religion) and equalityof opportunity for free men; individual-ism; sense of special destiny; (forSpanish America) hierarchical society;widespread poverty especially withinthe In.dian population; tradition ofauthoritarian government; lack of cul-tural unity. See the Borah, et. al.reference for additional information.
Con
tent
Out
line
D.
Tur
ning
poi
nts:
the
mid
-18t
h ce
ntur
y
Eve
nts
at th
is ti
me
alte
red
the
patte
rns
of c
olon
ial l
ife
and
stim
ulat
ed th
e m
ovem
ents
for
inde
pend
ence
.
1.T
he B
ourb
on R
efor
ms
Reo
rgan
izat
ion
revi
taliz
ed c
olon
ial a
dmin
istr
atio
n an
d lo
osen
ed m
erca
ntili
stco
ntro
ls r
esul
ting
in a
deg
ree
of e
cono
mic
rec
over
y, b
ut th
e fa
rthe
r ce
ntra
li-za
tion
of c
olon
ial g
over
nmen
t ser
ved
to in
crea
se th
e cr
eole
s' d
isco
nten
t with
thei
r su
bord
inat
e st
atus
as
did
trad
e an
d ta
x re
gula
tions
whi
ch a
ppea
red
'-fa
vor
mer
chan
ts in
Spa
in.
Cri
ticis
m w
as d
irec
ted
agai
nst l
aws
and
offi
cbu
t not
aga
inst
roy
al a
utho
rity
, i. e
., "L
ong
live
the
Kin
g an
d de
ath
to b
adgo
vern
men
t. 'T
2.Fr
ench
and
Ind
ian
War
Aft
er 1
763,
Bri
tain
hel
d C
anad
a an
d th
e te
rrito
ry w
est o
f th
e th
irte
en c
olon
ies
to th
e M
issi
ssip
pi, e
xclu
ding
Flo
rida
. To
help
pay
the
cost
s of
war
and
the
antic
ipat
ed e
xpen
ses
of d
efen
ding
her
exp
ande
d em
pire
, Bri
tain
atte
mpt
ed to
rais
e m
oney
in h
er A
mer
ican
col
onie
s th
roug
h a
vari
ety
of r
even
ue ta
xes.
Hav
ing
esta
blis
hed
thei
r ow
n le
gisl
atur
es w
ith th
e po
wer
of
taxa
tion,
col
onis
tsre
sent
ed P
arlia
men
t's c
laim
to s
over
eign
ty (
incl
udin
g th
e ri
ght t
c., t
ax).
Whi
leta
xatio
n w
as n
ot th
e on
ly c
ause
of
Bri
tish-
colo
nial
fri
ctio
n, it
via
s an
impo
rtan
tan
d em
otio
nal o
ne.
Appendix
28
General References for Spanik3h America
2. Attitude Questionnaire
3. General References for English America
4. Diagram: Spain and England, 1450-1650
5. Maps:The New WorldThe New World in Relation to Europe and AfricaThe Amazon Basin
6. Readings:The MississippiThe British Colonies Before IndependenceSpain's Indian Policies: Las Casas and SepulvedaMexico City in 162518th Century LimaEducation in the U. S. and Latin America
Gen
eral
Ref
eren
ces
for
Span
ish
Am
eric
a
mor
e di
ffic
ult r
eadi
ng,
for
teac
her
or a
ble
stud
ents
Boo
ks a
nd C
olle
ctio
ns o
f R
eadi
ngs
Am
eric
as. W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C. :
Pan
Am
eric
an U
nion
.(p
ublis
hed
mon
thly
)
Ban
non,
J. F
. and
Mas
ten,
P. ,
Lat
inA
mer
ica:
An
His
tori
cal S
urve
y. M
ilwau
kee:
Bru
cePu
blis
hing
Com
pany
, 196
3. (
by tw
o Je
suit
Prie
sts)
*Clis
sold
, S.,
Lat
in A
mer
ica,
A C
ultu
ral O
utlin
e. N
ew Y
ork:
Har
per
and
Row
, 196
6.(L
atin
Am
eric
an o
utlo
ok o
n lif
e, f
rom
the
Indi
an m
ind
to m
oder
n m
estiz
ocu
lture
s)
*Dif
fie,
B. W
.,L
atin
Am
eric
an C
ivili
zatio
n: C
olon
ial P
erio
d. O
ctag
on P
ress
,19
66.
Ew
ing,
E.E
., L
atin
Am
eric
an S
ocie
ty.
Skok
ie, I
llino
is: R
and
McN
ally
, 196
1.
Fagg
, J.E
.,L
atin
Am
eric
a: A
Gen
era;
His
tory
. New
Yor
k: M
acm
illan
,19
63.
Gib
son,
0.,
Spai
n in
Am
eric
a. N
ew Y
ork:
Har
per
and
Row
,19
66.
*Han
ke, L
. (ed
), H
isto
ry o
f L
atin
Am
eric
an C
ivili
zatio
n:So
urce
s an
d In
terp
reta
tions
. Bos
ton:
Litt
le, B
row
n, 1
967.
*Han
ke, L
. (ed
), D
o th
e A
mer
icas
Hav
e a
Com
mon
His
tory
? N
ew Y
ork:
Kno
pf, 1
964.
(es
says
)
*Har
ing,
C. H
. The
Spa
nish
Em
pire
in A
mer
ica.
New
Yor
k:H
arco
urt,
Bra
ce a
nd W
orld
, 196
3.(r
efer
ence
, det
aile
d in
stitu
tiona
l his
tory
, sup
plem
ents
Gib
son)
Her
ring
, IL
,A
His
tory
of
Lat
in A
mer
ica.
New
Yor
k: K
nopf
, 196
1.
Jam
es, P
.E.,
Lat
in A
mer
ica.
New
Yor
k: O
dyss
ey, 1
959.
(geo
grap
hy)
Jam
es, P
. E.,
Intr
oduc
tion
to L
atin
Am
eric
a: T
he G
eogr
aphi
c B
ackg
roun
dsof
Eco
nom
ic a
ndPo
litic
al P
robl
ems.
New
Yor
k: O
dyss
ey, 1
964.
30
*Kee
n, B
., R
eadi
ngs
in L
atin
Am
eric
an C
ivili
zatio
n: 1
492
to th
e Pr
esen
t. B
osto
n:H
ough
ton
Mif
flin
, 196
7.
Kin
gsbu
ry, R
. and
Sch
neid
er, R
., A
tlas
of L
atin
Am
eric
an A
ffai
rs. N
ew Y
ork:
Pra
eger
, 196
5.
Pend
le, G
., A
His
tory
of
Lat
in A
mer
ica.
Bal
timor
e: P
engu
in, 1
963.
Pete
rson
, H. F
.L
atin
Am
eric
a. N
ew Y
ork:
Mac
mill
an, 1
966.
(C
ultu
re R
egio
ns o
f th
eW
orld
Ser
ies)
*Pic
on-S
alas
, M..,
A C
ultu
ral H
isto
ry o
f Sp
anis
h-A
mer
ica.
Ber
kele
y: U
nive
rsity
of
Cal
ifor
nia
Pres
s, 1
962.
(th
e cu
ltura
l her
itage
fro
m S
pain
and
Por
tuga
l, by
aV
enez
uela
n au
thor
)
Stav
rian
os, L
. S. a
nd B
lank
sten
, G.I
.L
atin
Am
eric
a: A
Cul
tura
l Are
a in
Per
spec
tive.
Bos
ton:
.Ally
n &
Bac
on, 1
967.
Stav
rian
os, L
S. S
, et.
al.,
Rea
ding
s in
Wor
ld H
isto
ry. B
osto
n: A
llyn
& B
acon
, 196
7.
*TeP
aske
, J. J
. (ed
), T
hree
Am
eric
an E
mpi
res.
New
Yor
k: H
arpe
r an
d R
ow, 1
967.
Wilg
us, A
.C.,
His
tori
r:al
Atla
s of
Lat
in A
mer
ica.
New
Yor
k: C
oope
r Sq
uare
, 195
6.
Bib
liogr
aphi
es a
nd T
each
er A
ids
Eng
le, S
.H. (
ed),
New
Per
spec
tives
in W
orld
His
tory
. Was
hing
ton,
D. C
. Nat
iona
lC
ounc
il fo
r th
e So
cial
Stu
dies
, 196
4.(3
4th
NC
SS Y
earb
ook)
"L
atin
Am
eric
a, "
Cha
rles
E. N
owel
l, pp
. 478
-500
.
Flee
ner,
C. J
. and
Sec
king
er, R
. L. ,
A P
relim
inar
y G
uide
to L
atin
Am
eric
an P
aper
back
Lite
ratu
re..
Gai
nesv
ille:
Uni
vers
ity o
f Fl
orid
a Pr
ess,
196
5.
Gib
son,
C.,
The
Col
onia
l Per
iod
in L
atin
Am
eric
an H
isto
ry. W
ashi
ngto
n:A
HA
Ser
vice
Cen
ter
for
Tea
cher
s of
His
tory
, 195
8.
Hill
man
, J. J
. fed
), L
atin
Am
eric
a: A
Bib
liogr
aphy
of
Pape
rbac
k B
ooks
. Was
hing
ton:
U. S
. Gov
ernm
ent
Prin
ting
Off
ice,
196
7.(H
ispa
nic
Foun
datio
n B
iblio
grap
hica
lSe
ries
)
Tea
chin
abo
ut L
atin
Am
eric
a in
the
Seco
ndar
ySc
hool
: An
Ann
otat
ed G
uide
toIn
stru
ctio
nal
Res
ourc
es. T
he U
nive
rsity
of T
exas
at A
ustin
: Lat
inA
mer
ican
Cur
ricu
lum
Pro
ject
,19
67.
Atti
tude
Que
stio
nnai
re
Rea
d th
e fo
llow
ing
stat
emen
tsco
ncer
ning
Lat
in A
mer
ica
and
indi
cate
: (1)
agr
ee f
ully
;(2
) ag
ree
som
ewha
t; (3
) di
sagr
eeso
mew
hat;
or (
4) d
isag
ree
fully
_
1.L
atin
Am
eric
ans
have
bee
nla
zy p
eopl
e w
ho w
ill d
o lit
tle to
impr
ove
thei
r ow
nso
cial
and
eco
nom
ic c
ondi
tions
.
2.B
ecau
se o
f th
e na
ture
of
the
Lat
in A
mer
ican
peo
ple,
ther
ew
ill a
lway
s be
polit
ical
unr
est a
nd f
requ
ent
revo
lutio
ns.
3.G
eogr
aphy
has
bee
n a
maj
orob
stac
le to
eco
nom
ic d
evel
opm
ent
in L
atin
Am
eric
a.
4.Fo
r th
e U
nite
d St
ates
, Lat
inA
mer
ica
has
alw
ays
been
a s
trat
egic
regi
on o
fth
e gl
obe.
5.M
ost o
f th
e ec
onom
ic d
evel
opm
ent
in L
atin
Am
eric
a ha
s be
endu
e to
the
unse
lfis
h ai
d gi
ven
by th
e U
nite
dSt
ates
.
6.Sp
anis
h an
d E
nglis
h co
loni
es in
the
New
Wor
ld w
ere
sim
ilar,
and
it w
as o
nly
afte
r in
depe
nden
ce th
at s
igni
fica
ntdi
ffer
ence
s be
gan
to a
ppea
r.
7.M
ost o
f th
e di
ffic
ultie
s oc
curr
ing
in L
atin
Am
eric
an-U
nite
dSt
ates
rel
atio
nsha
ve s
tem
med
fro
m d
iffe
renc
esin
his
tori
cal b
ackg
roun
dan
d tr
aditi
onal
val
ues.
8.T
he c
ultu
re o
f th
e In
dian
civi
lizat
ions
is o
f re
lativ
ely
smal
lim
port
ance
inL
atin
Am
eric
a to
day.
9.If
Spa
in, i
nste
ad o
f E
ngla
nd,
had
colo
nize
d N
orth
Am
eric
a, o
urliv
es to
day
wou
ld h
ave
been
con
side
rabl
ydi
ffer
ent.
10.
Cat
holic
ism
con
tinue
s to
hav
e a
dom
inan
t inf
luen
ce o
n th
eliv
es o
f L
atin
Am
eric
an -
citiz
ens.
33
Com
plet
e th
e fo
llow
ing
sent
ence
sw
ith th
e w
ord
or w
ords
you
thin
km
ost a
ppro
pria
te.
1.W
hen
I th
ink
of th
e ty
pica
lL
atin
Am
eric
an, I
pic
ture
a
2.O
n th
e ba
sis
of p
ast e
xper
ienc
e,th
e fo
rm o
f go
vern
men
t tha
t wou
ldbe
mos
t eff
ectiv
e in
Lat
in A
mer
ica
is
3.L
atin
Am
eric
a w
ould
fac
efe
wer
pro
blem
s to
day
if d
urin
g th
eco
loni
al p
erio
d
4.C
ompa
red
to th
ose
of th
e U
nite
dSt
ates
, Lat
in A
m.e
rica
is c
ultu
rest
anda
rds
are
5.T
he U
nite
d St
ates
and
Lat
inA
mer
ica
are
mos
t alik
e in
6C
ontr
ibut
ions
of
the
Afr
ican
Neg
roto
Lat
in A
mer
ican
cul
ture
are
7.L
atin
Am
eric
ans
are
prou
d of
thei
r
8.T
he tr
eatm
ent o
f th
e In
dian
s by
the
earl
y Sp
ania
rds
was
9.T
he L
atin
Am
eric
an c
ount
ries
are
impo
rtan
t to
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es b
ecau
se
10.
Soci
o-ec
onom
ic c
lass
dif
fere
nces
in L
atin
Am
eric
a ar
e
34
Gen
eral
Ref
eren
ces
for
Eng
lish
Am
eric
a
Col
lect
ions
of
exce
rpts
fro
m p
rim
ary
and
seco
ndar
y so
urce
s ar
esu
gges
ted
for
use
as s
uppl
emen
tary
read
ing.
* m
ore
diff
icul
t rea
ding
, for
teac
her
or a
ble
stud
ents
Ang
le, P
.M.,
The
Am
eric
an R
eade
r, f
rom
Col
umbu
s to
Tod
ay. N
ew Y
ork:
Ran
d M
cNal
ly,
1958
.
Arn
of, D
.X.,
A S
ense
of
the
Past
. New
Yor
k: M
acm
illan
, 196
7.
Bro
wn,
R.A
. and
Bro
wn,
M. R
. , I
mpr
essi
ons
of A
mer
ica.
New
Yor
k: H
arco
urt,
Bra
cean
d W
orld
, 196
6. (
from
for
eign
obs
erve
rs)
*Com
mag
er, H
. S.,
Liv
ing
Idea
s in
Am
eric
a. N
ew Y
ork:
Har
per
and
Row
, 196
4.
*Fin
e, S
. and
Bro
wn,
G. S
. (ed
s), T
he A
mer
ican
Pas
t, C
onfl
ictin
g In
terp
reta
tions
of G
reat
Issu
es. 2
Vol
s. N
ew Y
ork:
Mac
mill
an, 1
963.
35
Spai
n an
d E
ngla
nd, 1
450-
1650
Spai
nE
ngla
nd
Ferd
inan
dan
dIs
abel
laH
enry
VII
ofof
1485
-150
9A
rago
n14
79-1
516
Cas
tile
...-
-\H
enry
VII
Ian
dC
athe
rine
of
----
_,,,,
Cha
rles
I(C
harl
es V
, Hol
y R
oman
Em
pero
r)15
56-1
598
Phili
p II
1556
-159
8
1509
-154
7A
rago
n
Eliz
abet
h I
1558
-160
3
(Stu
arts
)
Mar
y
Plac
e th
e fo
llow
ing
even
ts in
thei
r pr
oper
pla
ce o
n th
e di
agra
m.
1.In
quis
ition
(14
78-)
2.R
econ
quis
ta (
1492
)3.
Col
umbu
s di
scov
ers
Am
eric
a (1
492)
4.C
orte
s co
nque
rs M
exic
o (1
519-
1521
)5.
Def
eat o
f th
e Sp
anis
h A
rmad
a (1
588)
O.
Jam
esto
wn
esta
blis
hed
(160
7)7.
Eng
lish
Civ
il W
ar a
nd C
rom
wel
l (16
42-1
660)
8.G
lori
ous
Rev
olut
ion
and
Bill
of
Rig
hts
(168
8-16
89)
36
The
NE
W W
OR
LD
in r
elat
ion
EU
RO
PE a
nd A
FRIC
A
3.
QUOTES FROM THE READINGS ON
PAGES 40-52 HAVE BEEN DELETED
TO ADHERE TO COPYRIGHT LAWS
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
FOR
READINGS
READING # 1
-The Mississippi
Mark Twain, Life on the Mississippi.
New York:
Harper, 1951. Ch.1, "The River and its
History," pp. 1-9.
(originally published in 1874).
READING # 2
-The British Colonies before Independence
J. Hector St. John Crevecoeur, Letters from an American Farmer.
READING # 3
-Spain's Indian Policies:
Las Casas and Sepulveda
Juan Gines de Sepulveda, Tratado2212/212slustaLdrIasontra
los indios.
Mexico, 1941, pp. 105-113.
Bartolome de Las Casas, Apologetica historic de las Indias.
Madrid, 1909, p. 128-29.
READING # 4 -
Mexico City in 1625
Thomas Gage, The Enlish American:
A New Surve
of the West Indies (edited by A.P.
Newton).
London, 1946, pp. 89 -92.
READING # 5 -
18th Century Lima
George Juan and Antonio de Ulloa, Voyage to South
America, I. London, 1772, pp. 53-60.
READING # 6
-Education in the U.S. and Latin America
Roberto Koch Floes, "Education in the Americas:
A Comparative Historical Review,"
in Challenges and Achievements of Education in Latin
America.
Washington, D.C:
Pan American Union, 1964, pp. 32-41.
(Dr. Koch is Professor of Education, University
of San Marcos, Lima, Peru.)
