MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF UKRAINE

Kharkiv National University of Radioelectronics

Department of Biomedical Engineering

Coursework

On the discipline "Digital Circuit Engineering"

Project work Title

"Device for count of jump numbers"

Performed by

Name : GODFRED KWASI BOATENG

Group: BME 11-1.

Supervised by High teacher Skliar Olha.

Kharkiv, 2014

1

ABSTRACT

Explanatory note to the term paper contains 32 pages, 22 figures, 3 appendix

(A, B, and C), and 3 tables.

The object of the course work is jumps of a man.

The aim of the course work is to develop a Device for count of jump numbers.

The method of development is the circuit-technical designing.

The device for count of jump numbers allows counting quantity of jumps from

one to 999. As sensor of the jump there is the photocoupler. The three decimal

counters use for counting of jumps. The quantity of jumps shows at special

screen.

The work of the device is modeled in the software package Multisim.

JUMP, COUNTER, REGISTER, SCREEN

2

CONTENTS

Abstract……………………………………………………………..1

Introduction …………………………………………………….. 3

1 Medical-Technical review………………………………………. 4

2 Designing structure diagram……………………………. 14

3 Designing electrical circuit………………………………. 15

4 Check the functioning of the device for count of jump numbers by the

software ………………………………………………………….24

Conclusions………………………………………………………………… 25

List of reference………………………………………………………… 26

Appendix A………………………………………………………………….27.

Appendix B………………………………………………………………….28

Appendix C…………………………………………………………………. 30

3

INTRODUCTION

In the consumer market as well as in fitness rooms in hotels or elsewhere,

gymnasiums and other places there is a need for a device with which training

efforts that are performed while jumping can be measured and displayed.

Jump training is an extremely effective method of exercise. However, it is

difficult for the athlete to monitor his or her performance. The jumper must

mentally focus on performing jumps and at the same time stay cognizant of

elapsed time, number of jumps, number and duration of rests taken, and an

assortment of other information. The jumper must also keep in mind exercise

goals such as desired jump rate and desired numbers of jumps, keep track of any

deviation from these goals, and attempt to correct that deviation. This can be

overwhelming.

A Jumping counter is a device used to measure the number of jumps, and

duration of rests taken and direction of jump traversing a certain passage or

entrance per unit time. The resolution of the measurement is entirely dependent

on the sophistication of the technology employed. The device is often used at

the entrance of a building so that the total number of visitors can be recorded.

Many different technologies are used in people counter devices, such

as infrared beams.

4

1 MEDICAL-TECHNICAL REVIEW

While more and more people are starting to join gyms in an effort to lose

weight and get in shape, this isn't always necessary you can get a great workout

just using your jump counting device! This project of jumping counter device

helps in three ways that your jumps can be used to improve both your health

and the quality of your life. You'll be so happy with the results; you won't want

to do away with the jump counting device.

1.1 Medical problems of necessity of the development of the jump

counter

1.1.1Weight Loss

One of the most important ways that jump counting device can be used is

as a means to achieve weight loss. Before we begin to discover how jump

counting device can help you lose weight, it is important to learn how weight

loss works. There are 3500 calories in one pound--and therefore, in order to lose

one pound of weight per week, you must eliminate 700 calories each day. This

can be done in a variety of ways. A person can either try to cut all of these

calories out from their diet, they can try to burn off all of the calories through

exercise, or they can use some combination of both of these methods. Research

has found that people who lose weight and keep it off typically use diet and

exercise in order to reach their weight loss goals. Using jump counting device

for 30 minutes will produce a caloric burn of approximately 300 calories and

therefore, in order to lose one pound per week, you must jump for thirty minutes

every day and cut out 400 calories from your diet. While this may seem

intimidating, it will promote the greatest amount of weight loss in the healthiest

manner possible.

1.1.2 Increased Cardiovascular Fitness

Another great benefit of using a jump counting device during exercise is

increased cardiovascular fitness. Your cardiovascular system involves your

heart and the arteries and veins that bring blood and oxygen to and from the

heart and the rest of the body and therefore, by improving the ability of this

system to work, you will not only have a greater ability to perform your daily

tasks, but you will become less breathless during exercise as well. While

strength training can increase muscle tone, it has been found that low to

moderate, sustainable exercises such as walking, biking, or jumping are the best

5

way to improve the quality of your cardiovascular system. Be sure to consult

with your doctor, nurse, or health care provider to make sure that you heart is

healthy enough to begin this type of exercise routine.

1.1.3 Muscle Tone

Finally, exercising with a jump counting device is a great way to

improve the muscle tone in your legs and lower body. After the first day of

jumping, you may experience some soreness in your legs this is because the

muscles have been working hard enough to cause microtears. These ones

will eventually heal themselves in a few days and because of this damage

and repair, your muscles will be stronger, larger, and more toned than

when you started the exercise.

1.2 Different devices for something counting

1.2.1 Scan2Track counting machine

Scan2Track counting machine (Fig. 1. 1) is Physical Inventory machine

(Fig. 1. 1). It has cycle Counting software which helps you conduct your

Physical Inventory and Cycle Counts faster and more accurately. Time is saved

with easy installation, accuracy, and the ability to instantly access count

information. Money is saved with the elimination of paper forms, tags, and key-

entry activities. Flexibility comes from the choice of a wide variety of hand held

devices to fit any budget or work environment. This cost effective tool puts the

power in your hands to correct internal inventory issues and create unique

company specific solutions.

Figure1. 1- Scan2Track counting machine

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Accurate inventory counts contribute to improved customer service and

purchasing. Customer service personnel and salespeople serve customers more

efficiently when they are confident that stock quantities are accurate. However,

if quantities are unknown, they will put potential customers on hold to go out to

the warehouse and confirm that products really exist before attempting to sell

them, leading to customer discontent.

1.2.2 Pharmacy automation counting machine

Pharmacy automation counting machine (Fig. 1.2) is the automation of

tasks performed in pharmacy or other health care settings (Fig. 1.2). Any

pharmacy task can be involved, including counting small objects (e.g. tablets,

capsules); measuring and mixing powders and liquids for compounding;

tracking and updating customer information in databases (e.g. personally

identifiable information (PII), medical history, drug interaction risk detection);

and inventory management.

Figure 1. 2- Pharmacy automation counting machine

1.2.3 Currency-Counting Machine

A currency-counting machine (Fig. 1.3) is a machine that counts

money— either stacks of banknotes or loose collections of coins [3]. Counters

may be purely mechanical or use electronic components. The machines

typically provide a total count of all money, or count off specific batch sizes for

wrapping and storage.

Currency counters are commonly used in vending machines to determine

what amount of money has been deposited by customers.

This currency counter features UV (Ultraviolet) and MG (magnetic)

protection, error detection, size detection, dust shield and a sophisticated dust

reduction system for deflecting dirt & dust from blowing into operator's face,

user friendly design for ease of use, batch stop setting, 10 button numeric

7

keyboard, carrying handle and variable counting speeds from 600 banknotes up

to 1,500 banknotes per minute.

Figure 1.3- Currency-Counting Machine

1.2.4 People counter machine/ Entrance Counter Machine

A people counter is a device (Fig. 1.4) used to measure the number and

direction of people traversing a certain passage or entrance per unit time [4].

The resolution of the measurement is entirely dependent on the sophistication of

the technology employed. The device is often used at the entrance of a building

so that the total number of visitors can be recorded. Many different technologies

are used in people counter devices, such as infrared beams, computer

vision, thermal imaging and pressure-sensitive mats.

Figure 1. 4 - People counter machine

8

1.2.5 Device for counting jump numbers

The mechanism of the system relates to a counting and indication device

for counting jump numbers, comprising in combination at least:

- a detection unit for detection of the person to be jumping when he/she stand

between the jumping field and equipment.

- a counting unit that is connected to the detection unit for counting the moments

that the person jumping passes as detected by the detection unit, and

- a display device for showing the count of the device.

The counting and indication device can ultimately operate when the

detection unit comprises a radar transmitter and receiver. It is for a good

operation of the device preferable that the radar transmitter and receiver is

operable on a frequency of approximately 24 GHz.

The accompanying drawing, which is incorporated into and forms a part

of the specification, illustrates one or more embodiments of the project system

and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the system.

The drawing (Fig.1.5) is only for the purpose of illustrating one or more

preferred embodiments of the system and is not to be construed as limiting the

invention.

1.2.5.1 Detailed description of the system

As is commonly known the jumping is a very intensive activity. In

connection therewith it is desirable that the radar transmitter and receiver

possesses a transmission and receipt angle amounting in the horizontal plane of

approximately 70° and in the vertical plain of approximately 11°.

The reliable and effective measuring of the number of jumps in jumping

is especially facilitated by the feature that the detection unit is arranged for

observing at least two parameters that are characteristic for the movement of the

person going to jump.

COUNTER DISPLAY

UNIT

PHOTO ELEMENTS

1 3 2

4 5

Figure 1. 5 – Principle of the counting and indication device

for counting jump numbers

9

It is proven advantageous that the at least two parameters comprise speed

and distance of the jump measured to the detection unit, As a third parameter

the height of the person going to jump can be taken into account.

In order to be able to register the rather intensive training exercise it is

desirable that the display unit is at least a three digit display. This allows for the

registration and display of a maximum of 999 jumps, thereafter with a suitable

embodiment of the counting device, counting can be continued by displaying

the number of jumps further by counting back until the display unit shows again

the number zero, In selecting a five digit display this number can be increased

by a factor of 10 (Fig 1. 5).

Practice has shown that it is also desirable that the counting and

indication device comprises an indicator for showing the elapsed time.

As a particular suitable and practical embodiment it is therefore proposed

that the indicator comprises a number of switchable light sources that are

arranged in a circle. Also in relation to limiting of the energy consumption it is

desirable that the light sources are light emitting diodes.

The use that can be made of the counting and indication device by a

person that is jumping, is characterized by having the jumping occur in the

transmittal and receipt angle of the radar transmittal and receipt device on a

distance of the jumping person should to the device amounting to at least

approximately 3.5 meters.

In practice the counting and indication device is to be mounted on a

height with respect to the floor on which the jumping occurs, in the range of 0.5

to 2 meters in order to secure a good operability.

Within the scope of the invention the counting and indication device can

be expanded with several other options and functions, for instance for showing

the average number of jumps per second, the amount of used energy, the heart

rate per minute of the user and the like.

In the single figure reference number 1 shows the source of light rays for

counting and indication device for jumping numbers according to the system.

This device 1 is executed as a unit and mounted on the wall which the person

jumping 2 is between it and the photo element (Photo receiver) 3.

The counting and indication device 1 according to the system comprises a

light transmitting unit 3 for detection of the Jumps which is used in counting

jumps by the person 2.

Furthermore the counting and indication device 1 comprises a (not

shown) counting organ which is connected to the detection units 3 for counting

the moments that the person jumping 2 passes as detected by the detection

10

unit 3, as well as a display organ 5 for showing the count, that is the number of

passing moments of the person jumping 2 as counted by the counting organ.

The detection unit 3 comprises a radar transmitter and receiver unit.

In the embodiment of the detection unit 3 with the radar-sender and

receiver it is preferable that this can operate on a frequency of at least

approximately 24 GHz. The radar-sender and receiver 3 has preferably a

transmitter and receipt-angle which is in the horizontal plane approximately 70°

and in the vertical plane approximately 11°. This allows that effectively the

jumping by the person 2 can be detected and counted in a large range in front of

the counting and indication device 1. It has been proven that jumping can be

performed on a distance of the jumping person in respect of the counting and

indication device 1 amounting to at most approximately 3.5 meters.

The counting and indication device 1 can be placed relatively high. In

practice the height with respect to the floor surface suffices when it is in the

range of 0.5-2 meters.

The detection unit 3 is preferably arranged for detecting of at least two

parameters that are characteristic for the movement of the person jumping 2.

These two parameters of the person jumping 2 concern the speed and distance

of the jump in respect of the detection unit 1. The height of the person

jumping 2 can also be taken into account.

It is preferable that the display unit 5 is a three digit display. Further it is

preferable that the counting and indication device 1 is arranged with an

indicator 3 for showing the elapsed time. This indicator 3 is to this end for

instance executed as a series of switchable light sources arranged in a circle,

preferably light emitting diodes.

Within the scope of the system the counting and indication device can be

expanded with several other options and functions, for instance for showing the

average number of jumps per second, the amount of used energy, the heart rate

per minute of the user and the like.

By providing the counting and indication device with a battery it is also

possible to use it at any place. It is then desirable that switching from battery to

the power line can occur automatically.

1.2.5.2 Photon counting and timing

The intensity of the signal is obtained by counting (photon counting) the

number of output pulses within a measurement time slot, while the time-

dependent waveform of the signal is obtained by measuring the time

distribution of the output pulses (photon timing). The latter is obtained by

11

means of operating the Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) detector in

Time Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) mode.

Photon counting is a technique in which individual photons are counted

using some single-photon detector (SPD). The counting efficiency is

determined by the quantum efficiency and any electronic losses that are present

in the system.

Many photo detectors can be configured to detect individual photons,

each with relative advantages and disadvantages, including a photomultiplier,

Geiger counter, single-photon avalanche diode, superconducting nanowire

single-photon detector, transition edge sensor, or scintillation counter. Charge-

coupled devices can also sometimes be used.

Therefore, this technology was employed in this device to achieve a

desired goal.

1.2.5.3 Digital Counter

Counting circuits using CMOS ICs with common-cathode 7-segment

LED displays or LCD displays are used. Counting is very important in this

device. Counting of time (clocks), counting of objects. Here an object counting

circuit using all CMOS ICs has been presented (Fig. 1.6).

Various types of counting circuits using TTL ICs such as 7490 and 7447

with common anode type of 7-segment LED displays are used. This circuit is

designed using CMOS ICs which are more popular. A few important

advantages of CMOS ICs over popular TTL circuits are:

1. Very low power consumption.

2. Wide supply voltage range

3. Good noise immunity

4. High package density

5. High fan-out capability

Frequency means number of cycles per second. So we have to count the

number of cycles/second. Here the first step is to convert input waveform to

pulse of amplitude of 5V so that it can be applied to a counter. Here one AND

gate is used to pass the signal for exactly 1sec. Time base will manage this. The

pulses from input processing reaches 3 digit counter (0-999). Input Processing:

It is basically a comparator which converts input waveform to pulses

irrespective of the shape of the waveform. Then it is applied to the memory and

displayed from memory. The limitations are

1. It is measurable up to 1MHz only.

2. The accuracy is limited because 555 is not accurate.

12

Figure 1.6 – Structure Diagram of Digital Counter.

Three Digit BCD Counter:

Here any 3 digit BCD counter are used. Connect as shown in figure 1.3 diagram

or you connect in such a way that it counts from 0-999.

Memory (12 bit):

IC is used by me for implementing it. It is basically an octal flip flop which

triggers on 0 to 1 transition. Here you can use any other -ve/+ve edge triggered

flip flop or latch, only needed is to modify the connection made to TIME

BASE.

Display:

HEX display or 7-segment display were used. If you are using 7-segment

display connect as shown in Fig. 1.7 diagram.

TIME BASE

This is the most important part of frequency counter. The tasks are in the

following order,

1. First provide correct timing 1sec and 1msec (in case of high frequency)

(i.e., the output of it must be high for 1sec or 1msec)

2. Store the output of the counters to the memory when the output of the time

base is low. (i.e. is to apply strobe only when time base is low)

3. Reset the counters only after storing the value of the counters to memory.

4. Then make the output high and follow this cyclic operation.

Here the important parameters are:

1. accuracy of the time

2. refresh time should be small

13

Suppose if you want to measure a frequency of a waveform first put the time

base to 1ms switch then not the reading (Fig. 1.7). This reading will give the

output in KHz. Then put the switch to 1s then the reading we get is in Hz.

Figure 1.7 – Time diagram

From the figure

T1= 1 sec or 1 msec

T2= Refresh time

T3= 1.1 RC for first monostable.

T4= 1.1 RC for second monostable.

NOT gate= transistor is used to perform this.

14

2 DESIGNING OF THE STRUCTURE DIAGRAM

Studied the technical tasks and review existing technical literature, and

the mains principles of the system to a counting and indication device for

counting jump numbers(a detection unit for detection of the person to be

jumping when he/she stand between the jumping field and equipment, a

counting unit that is connected to the detection unit for counting the moments

that the person jumping passes as detected by the detection unit, and a display

device for showing the count of the device) it should propose the next structure

diagram of device (Fig. 2.1).

Figure 2.1 – Structure diagram the device for jump counting.

In a structural diagram, the main element is the jump counter which

records the number of jumps. This device can be made on the base light source,

photo receive, counters and code converter. To ensure the work is necessary to

address jump counter clock encrypt the information from the memory device is

required to be on the address code appears to change the address and so it

provide device elements on sample data from memory. This device can be made

on the basis of meters from 1ms to 1s.

15

3 DESIGNING OF THE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

Before the development of the basic electric circuit was developed block

diagram according to the task. The first element of the block diagram is the

Light source (Fig. 3.1).Explore the work of the Light source to the other

elements in the device.

3.1 Light source

An electrical ‘photon’ source (Fig. 3.1) were used which is the Stabilized

light sources for Photomultiplier Tubes. The method used is extremely simple:

an LED is used to illuminate the PMT photocathode through a small hole which

acts as a rough pinhole to attenuate and distribute the LED light onto the

photocathode. It is intended to act as a pulse generator used to align photon-

counting circuits, where photo electron pulses are generated from

photomultiplier tubes. LED light sources mainly designed for adjusting the

sensitivity of PMT (photomultiplier tubes) and PMT modules. The L11416

series is a test tube type easily mounted in lab devices. It contains a photodiode

to monitor and control the LED emission intensity so that they constantly output

stable light of approximately 1 pW. [6].

Pulse generator which provides fast, low amplitude, negative-going

pulses generated by a fast photomultiplier tube (PMT). This generator is

primarily aimed at testing detection circuits intended to be driven from PMTs. It

is use an ultrafast metal dynode tube as a signal source.

Figure 3.1 – Electrical ‘photon’ source diagram

16

3.2 Photo receiver

It is an electrical device used to detect photons, electromagnetic radiation.

It is usually also called light-sensitive cell, light-sensitive detector, light sensor

photo device, photoelectric detector or photo sensor.

Primary goal of photodetection: is conversion of an optical signal into an

electrical signal (mainly current, voltage). The photons of a light field with the

energy quantum are absorbed (destroyed) and transfer the energy to a

valence band electron, which makes a transition to the conduction-band

generating a mobile a electron-hole pair. Photodetectors are based on the

absorption of photons combined with the generation and the transport of free or

quasi-free charges.

The photo receiver working procedures (Fig. 3.2):-

a) Photogeneration of an electron-hole pair in Semiconductor (SC), (internal

photoeffect)

b)Generation of a photoelectron from metallic/SC photocathodes into vaccum

(external photoeffect) The absorptions rate is proportional to the Intensity of the

optical signal

c) Charge transport (mainly drift or diffusion) to the contacts and generation of

a photocurrent in the external load circuit Photogenerated charges are converted

by the static (DC) external bias electrical field into a current (current source

character of the depletion layer in pn-junction diodes).

If an electric field E is present (eg. in the depletion layer w of a reverse

biased pn-junction) it separates the weakly bound electrons-holes-pair (coulomb

attraction, excitons) and prevents them from recombining again Rspont~0.

Electron and hole start drifting in opposite directions thus generating induced

photocurrents in the load circuit.

Figures 3.2 - Optical carrier generation in semiconductor photo detectors.

17

3.3 Counter

A counter (Fig 3.3) is a device which stores (and sometimes displays) the

number of times a particular event or process has occurred, often in relationship

to a clock signal. In electronics, counters can be implemented quite easily using

register-type circuits such as the flip-flop.

Decade counter was used. A decade counter circuit uses JK Flip-flops.

A decade counter is one that counts in decimal digits, rather than binary. A

decade counter may have each (that is, it may count in binary-coded decimal) or

other binary encodings. A decade counter is a binary counter that is designed to

count to 1010b (decimal 10). It counts from 0 to 9 and then resets to zero. The

counter output can be set to zero by pulse the reset line low. For that it may be

used the decimal counter KR1533YE6.

Figure 3.3 – Electrical symbols of chip KR1533YE6

Parameters of the chip KR1533YE6

HIGH SPEED : tPD = 21 ns (TYP.) at VCC= 6V LOW POWER DISSIPATION: ICC=4μA(MAX.) at TA=25°C

18

HIGH NOISE IMMUNITY: VNIH= VNIL= 28 % VCC (MIN.) SYMMETRICAL OUTPUT IMPEDANCE: |IOH| = IOL= 4mA (MIN) BALANCED PROPAGATION DELAYS: tPLH ≅ tPHL

WIDE OPERATING VOLTAGE RANGE: VCC (OPR) = 2V to 6V

The main parameter of any digital counter is counting module, the bit

counter and its performance.

Chip KR155YE6 is a universal decimal counter synchronous programmable.

Circuit has four inputs information D3-D0, each counting input C, and input V1 for

recording.

3.4 Code convertor

At the outputs any counter creates the binary code. For indicators it needs

the special code – seven- element code. This type of code may be getting with

using the special convertor. These are circuits that translate a code into another.

Usually these converters are programmed in logic arrays. It is used for

converting a code of some predetermined bit structure, such as 5, 7, or 14 bits

per character interval, to another code with the same or a different number of

bits per character interval, Or Conversion of signals, or groups of signals, in one

code into corresponding signals, or groups of signals, in another code.

As convertor it should use the chip 514YD2. The electrical symbol of this

chip is shown at Fig. 3.4.

Figure 3.4 - Conditional graphic image decoder 514YD2

19

The Binary Decoder is another combinational logic circuit constructed

from individual logic gates and is the exact opposite to that of an “Encoder”.

The name “Decoder” means to translate or decode coded information from one

format into another, so a digital decoder transforms a set of digital input signals

into an equivalent decimal code at its output.

A decoder generally decodes a binary value into a non-binary one by

setting exactly one of its n outputs to logic “1”.

According to the task the jump number must have to three positions. It

means the number of counters will be three two. At this case the number of

chips convertors will be three two, the electrical circuit for three positions

converter is shown at Fig. 3.5.

Symbol

Parameter

BCD-to-Seven Segment

Decode

Units Min Nom Max

VCC Supply Voltage 4.75 5 5.25 V

VIH High Level Input Voltage 2 V

VIL Low Level Input Voltage 0.8 V

IOH High Level Output Current b50 mA

IOL Low Level Output Current 6.0 mA

TA Free Air Operating Temperature 0 70 ßC

Table 1: Recommended Operating Conditions BCD-to-Seven Segment Decoder

20

Figure 3.5 – Electrical circuit of three convertors from the binary code to

the seven-segment indicators based at 514YD2

3.5 Screen

A screen is an output device for presentation of information in visual

(Fig. 3.6). When the input information is supplied as an electrical signal, the

display is called an electronic display. Screening is the damping of electric

fields caused by the presence of mobile charge carriers. It is an important part of

the behavior of charge-carrying fluids, such as ionized gases (classical plasmas),

electrolytes, and electronic conductors (semiconductors, metals).

The device uses a seven-segment display (SSD), or seven-segment

indicator, is a form of electronic display device for displaying decimal numerals

that is an alternative to the more complex dot matrix displays.

Figure 3.6 - Typical 7-segment LED display component, with decimal point.

21

The 7-Segment Display: Fig3.6 shows a common display format

composed of seven elements or segments. Energizing certain combinations of

these segments can cause each of the ten decimal digits to be produced. Fig. 3.7

–Fig. 3.9 illustrates this method of digital display for each of the ten digits by

using a darker segment to represent one that is energized. To produce a 1,

segments b and c are energized; to produce a 2, segments a, b, g, e, and d are

used; and so on.

Figure 3.7 -Conditional graphic representation of the seven-segment indicator

type ALS324B

Figure 3.8- Compliance with the LEDs seven-segment indicator components of the device

Figure 3.9- Diagram of electrical connections in item seven-segment indicator with common anode type ALS324B

One common type of 7-segment display consists of LED's arranged as in

Figure 4. Each segment is an LED that emits light when there is current through

it. This figure shows the common-anode arrangement which requires the driving

circuit to provide a low-level voltage in order to activate a given segment. When

the anode is connected to 5V and a LOW or ``0'' is applied to a segment input,

the LED is turned on and there is current through it.

22

Segment Decoding Logic: Each segment is used for various decimal

digits, but no one segment is used for all ten digits. Therefore each segment

must be activated by its own decoding circuit that detects the occurrence of any

of the numbers in which the segment is used. From Fig.3.6 andFig.3.7 –Fig.3.9

the segments that are required to be activated for each digit are determined and

listed in Tab.3.1.

The segment decoding logic requires four binary coded decimal (BCD)

inputs and seven outputs, one for each segment in the display, as indicated in

the block diagram of Fig.3.10 - Fig.3.13. (Note that the 470 resistors are

required to limit the current through the LEDs.) The multiple output truth table,

shown in Tab.3.1, is actually seven truth tables in one and could be separated

into a truth table for each segment. A ``1'' in the segment output columns of the

table indicates an activated segment. Note that this output must be inverted to

conform with the common anode display.

Since the BCD code does not include the binary values 1010, 1011, 1100,

1101, 1110 and 1111, these combinations will never appear on the inputs and

can therefore be treated as don't care (X) conditions as indicated. To conform

with the practice of most manufacturers, A represents the LSB and D the MSB

in this application.

23

Figure 3.13-Block diagram of decoding logic with 7-segment LED display.

24

4 . FUNCTIONING TEST PATTERNS ON A COMPUTER

Following the development of the scheme made her check on a computer using

computer-aided design. CAD system is a system that is a logistical system designed to

automate the design process, consisting of a number of technical, policy and other

means of automation of its operations. The most common CAD is Multisim, which is

designed for modeling and analysis of electrical circuits.

In accordance with the received task construct an electric circuit diagram for jump

counting number. For this purpose, the first register to the inputs of the element will

provide all of the units, and the second register all zeros. On arrival the two codes to

the adder they number it and the display we see the result. Register after being adder

designed to store the result. On the example, the input of the first register was filed by

F, and the input of the second register - 0. Adder subtract from F 0 and see the display,

the value F, that is correct.

Fig. 3.6- Collected electrical schematic diagram of a software package Multisim

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QD 7

DOWN4

~LOAD11 ~BO 13

~CO 12CLR14

U1

A B C D E F G

CA

U5

A B C D E F G

CA

U6

A B C D E F G

CA

U7

74LS249J

A7

B1

C2

D6

OA 13

OD 10

OE 9

OF 15

OC 11OB 12

OG 14~LT3

~RBI5

~BI/RBO4

U8

74LS249J

A7

B1

C2

D6

OA 13

OD 10

OE 9

OF 15

OC 11OB 12

OG 14~LT3

~RBI5

~BI/RBO4

U9

74LS249J

A7

B1

C2

D6

OA 13

OD 10

OE 9

OF 15

OC 11OB 12

OG 14~LT3

~RBI5

~BI/RBO4

XFG1

R1

1000Ω U10

1

25

CONCLUSION

During the execution of the course work has been developed of device for

count of jump numbers.

All requirement of the task is done.

This device consists of the optic coupler, decimal counters, convertors

(from binary to seven- segment) and indicators.

The device may be used sportsmen and ordinary users.

26

REFERENCES

1. http://www.currentdirections.com/software/physicalinventory/index.html

2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacy_automation

3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency-counting_machine

4. http://www.blueeyevideo.com/PeopleCounting.php

5. http://www.google.com/patents/US20110085634

6. http://users.ox.ac.uk/~atdgroup/technicalnotes/

7.Skliar Olha - " Digital generators: the principle of construction of digital

function generator» 2011. - 88c.

8. Umyarov RY- "Introduction to digital circuit Engineering" M.: Internet

Information How? Kharkiv.: KNURE

9 Guidelines to the course project on the subject "Digital circuit" inaugural.

Skliar Olha - Kharkiv.: KNURE, 2010 - 32.

10.http://users.ox.ac.uk/~atdgroup/technicalnotes/An%20electrical%20photon%

20source.pdf

27

APPENDIX A

Structure DIAGRAM

28

APPENDIX B

Electrical CIRCUIT

29

30

APPENDIX C

List of items

GYUIK.0883387.207 PE3

Structure Diagram Device for count of the jump

number

Letter Mass Scale

Chan. List № document Sign Data

L --- Developer Godfred Kwasi Boateng

Inspect Skliar

T.control List Lists 1

Department BMI N.control

Verify

GYUIK.08833387.207 PE3

Разраб.

Пров.

Н. контр.

Утв.

Изм Лист № докум. Подп. Дата

Т. контр. Лист Листов

ХНУРЭКафедра БМИ

Литера Масса Масштаб

- 1 : 1Schematic Circuit Diagram

GYUIK.08833387.207 PE3

У

T2

L1

6.3VT1

R4

R3R2

R1

+5V

U2

74192N

A15

B1

C10

D9

UP5

QA 3

QB 2

QC 6

QD 7

DOWN4

~LOAD11 ~BO 13

~CO 12CLR14

U3

74192N

A15

B1

C10

D9

UP5

QA 3

QB 2

QC 6

QD 7

DOWN4

~LOAD11 ~BO 13

~CO 12CLR14

U4

74192N

A15

B1

C10

D9

UP5

QA 3

QB 2

QC 6

QD 7

DOWN4

~LOAD11 ~BO 13

~CO 12CLR14

XFG1

R1

1000Ω U10

1

Pos. code no.

Name Quantity .

Note

Capacitors

C1 КR1533ТМ2 1

C2 K1533LN1 1

DISPLAY

HL1 – HL3 ALS324B Seven-Segment Indicator 3

LIGHT SOURCE

L1 6.3V , 60mA lamp 1

Microchips DD1,DD2,DD3 514YD2( DECODER) 3

DD4 KR1533YE6 1

RESISTORS

R1 2.2 kilo ohms 1

R2 220 kilo ohms 1

R3 , R4 1 kilo ohms 2

Transistors

T1 SPT100 phototransistor 1

T2 BC109 npn transistor 1

GYUIK.08833387.207 PE3

Chan. List № document Sign Data

Developer Godfred Kwasi

Boateng

Listing of elements Device for count of the jump

number

Let. List Lists

Inspect Skliar L 1

KNURE

Department BMI N. control

Verify