1919. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 433 Also, petition of C. P. Farrer and 38 other residents of Hen·

niker, N. H., and vicinity, urging the repeal of the daylight­saving law; to the Committee on Agriculture.

Also, petition of 'V. E. Bishop and two other residents of Lisbon, N. H., urging the repeal of the daylight-saving law; to the Committee on Agriculture.

Also, petition of W. E. Stearns and 105 residents of West Rindge, N. H., and vicinity, urging the repeal of the daylight­saving law; to the Committee on Agriculture.

Also, petition of C. T. Rossiter and 19 other residents of Claremont, N. H., urging the repeal of the daylight-saving law_; to the Committee on Agriculture.

Also, petition of John Robertson and 40 other residents of West Hopkinton, N. H., and vicinity, urging the repeal of the daylight-saving law; to the Committee on Agriculture.

Also, petition of Frank E. Cutting and 71 other residents of East Weare, N. H., and vicinity, urging the repeal of the day­light-saving law; to the Committee on Agriculture.

Also, petition of G. A. Hart and 83 other residents of East Jaffrey, N. H., urging the repeal of the daylight-saving law; to the Committee on Agriculture.

Also, petition of Dean S. Russell and 102 other residents of Keene, N. H., and vicinity, urging the repeal of the daylight­saving law; to the Committee on Agriculture.

Also, petition of William Truland and one other resident of Lancaster, N. H., urging the repeal of the daylight-saving law; to the Committee on Agriculture.

Also, memorial of Golden Rod Grange, No. 114, of Swanzf>y, N. H., requesting the repeal of the daylight-saving law; to the Committee on Agriculture.

Also, memorial of M. L. Ware Grange, West Rindge, N. H., requesting the repeal of the daylight-saving law; to the Com­mittee on Agriculture.

Also, memorial of Mount Prospect Grange, No. 242, of Lan­caster, N. B., requesting the repeal of the daylight-saving law; to tlle Committee on Agriculture.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

FnmAY, May 30, 1919.

The House met at 12 o'clock noon. The Chaplain, Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D., offered the fol­

lo\ving prayer : Father of light and life, liberty and hope, justice and mercy,

love and the sweet affections of the human heart, we thank Thee for the spirit of patriotism which moved the men of this body to set apart this holy day in memory of the brave soldiers who, in answer to the call of the colors, left home, native land, and all that they held dear to go to the rescue of our sister na­tions, who were fighting an insidious foe for liberty, right, and justice.

All hail to the American soldier, who turned back the tide of wnr and brought peace to a suffering world.

We come with praise for the living and tears for the dead, symp~th:r for the wounded and maimed, for the fathers, mothers, wive.;;, and children who sacrificed their dear ones on the altar of liberty. Comfort them, we beseech Thee, in Thine own way.

Out of the twilight of the past We move to a diviner light,

For nothing that is wrong can last; Nothing' s immortal but the right.

May the. memory of the great sacrifices the lovers of liberty and truth have made live on as an example to those who shall come after us. In the spirit of the Master. Amen.

The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and ap­proYed.

WITHDRAWAL OF P .APERS. By unanimous consent, Mr. FULLER of Illinois was granted

leave to withdraw from the files of the House papers in the case of Herbert A. York (H. R. 14802, 65th Cong.), without leaving copies, no adverse report having been made thereon.

Also, papers in the case of Thomas F. Duffy (H. R. 13534 65th Cong.), without leaving copies, no adverse report having been made thereon.

TENDERING THANKS OF CONGRESS TO THOSE WHO SERVED IN THE GREAT WAR.

The SPEAKER. Under a previous order of the House House joint resolution 67, tendering the thanks of Congress t~ those who served, or gave others to the service of, the country in the Great 'Var, is now in order. ·

LVIII--23

Mr. MONDELL. Mr. Speaker, I present the resolution, House joint resolution 67, which by previous order of the House was made the order of the day.

The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the resolution . . The Clerk read as follows :

House joint resolution 67. Resolved~ etc., That the thanks of Congress are hereby extended to

those who served in the armed forces of the United States in the war against the Imperial German Government and who, through their patriutic sacrifice, steadfast fidelity, brilliant strategy, and courageous service, secured a victorious peace, gave to the world a new insight into the high ideals and lofty purposes of America, and left to future genera­tions a splendid heritage of heroic achievement and noble devotion to duty.

That the thanks of Congress are hereby extended to those who served in the various auxiliary forces, whose humane and benevolent work at home and on the field of battle contributed so greatly to the comfort and support of our valiant warriors. ·

That the thanks of Congress are hereby extended to the mothers, wives, and relatives who, patriotic and uncomplaining, gave their nearest and their dearest in the hour o! the Nation's need, and its deep imd heartfelt sympathy is extended to those whose kindred fell, or were permanently disabled in the great struggle.

That Congress reverently expresses its profound appreciation of the sublime act of those who made the supreme sacrifice by giving their lives for their country and their country's cause.

Mr. 1\IONDELL. 1\fr. Speaker, I a~k unanimous consent that the time for the consideration of the resolution be controlled one-half by the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. CLARK] and one­half by myself.

Tile SPEAKER. The gentleman from Wyoming asks unani­mous consent that the time for debate upon the resolution shall be divided equally, to be controlled one-half by the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. CLARK] and one-half by himself. Is there objection?

Mr. BANKHEAD. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to object, I would like to know if the gentleman has in mind any limita­tion upon the time that should be allotted to each Member who desires to speak. I apprehend there will probably be a number of requests.

Mr. MONDELL. I have not it in mind at this time. I have had requests for time varying from 5 to 15 minutes in each case, covering a period of about two hours and a quarter. Whether all of the gentlemen will be here, I do not know. Whether they will all desire to speak as long as they expected, I do not know." I assume that about two hours and a half would be consumed upon this side as the matter now appears. ·

1\Ir. HEFLIN. Mr. Speaker, I suggest to the gentleman from Wyoming that the time to be allotted should be left largely to the control of the gentlemen who ha \e charge of the time on the respective sides.

Mr. MONDELL. I expect to alternate with the gentleman from Missouri.

Mr. HEFLIN. Yielding from 5 to 6 to 10 minutes to each person?

l\1r. l\10NDELL. Several gentlemen have asked for as much as 15 minutes. That is the longest time that has been suggested by any one speaker.

The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gen­tleman from ·wyoming that the time be equally divided, to be ~ontrolled one-half by himself and one-half by the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. CLARK].

There was no objection. l\fr. l\IONDELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that

those who are unable to be here to-day, and those who are here but who are not able to participate in the debate--for we know that many are necessarily absent making patriotic addresses elsewhere--be granted the right to extend their remarks in the RECORD, for the period of five legislative days, upon the subject of the resolution and subjects appropriate to Memorial Day. · The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Wyoming asks unani­mous consent that all Members have permission to extend their remarks in the RECORD upon this resolution for not exceeding five legislative days. Is there objection?

Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to object, would there be any objection to making that 10 days?

l\Ir. MONDELL. I think it is not good practice to extend that privilege over any considerable period of time. Personally I would have no personal objection to 10 days, but I do not think it is good practice.- I think my friend will agree with me that it is not. It occurs to me that whether gentlemen are here or not, they can prepare within five days what they desire to say on the subject.

Mr. ASHBROOK. I know some Members who are absent at this time and who probably will not be back within five days, who would like to avail themselves of that privilege.

434 CONGRESSIONAL R.ECORD-HOUSE. !fAY 30,-

Mr. TAYLOR of Colorado. I think the gentleman ought to eonsent in t.liis matter for~lO days, because i.t is a very iml}ortant matter and many Members are very busy on committees.

l\Ir .. GARNER. l\ir. "penker, I suggest that if any Member can not get in within five days he cu.n secure an extension at some other time and in ert the remarks he desires. This matter of allowing over 10 days or two weeks is bad practice. If any gentleman can not rret in within fiTe da.y , the Honse will" un­_doubtedTy give- him the right to insert: his remarks in the RF;coliD n:fter that time.

Mr. 1\IONDELL. And my reque t. of cour: e, inclml the tight to those who sp ak to-day to extend and revise their remarks.

The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gen­tleman from Wyoming.?

There was no objection. Sl'E.a.EJm PllD TEl\fPORE FUn THE D..l.Y.

the scale, transformed imiJeniling <lefeat into glorious victory, and won the war. [Applause.}

While the name& which will forever recall deathless deeds of heroism Ue tliick upon the pages of the hi tory of the Great \.Var as the leaves of Vallombrosa, none will hine brighter or hold o sacred a place in our hearts a& Cantigny, Chateau-Thierry,

the Argonne Forest, St. l'ifihleJ, and all tho e fields whet·e the valor of the citizen-soldiers of Ameriea h'Ulllbled tbe- prid and broke the lines of the T"eternn legions of military autocracy.

Our boy are returning from (}-Yersea and from the camps and training fields, where they have been faithfully performing the <luty as igned them. The forces are bein"' demobilized, the citizen-soldier i returning home, our p ople ar laying aside the tasks and duties of war and taking up the occupations of peace, and it is fitting that 've shall expr the Nation's thanks and the Nations apprecin:tion of all those who sened and sacri­fteed, and r hale sugge ted that we do so in the following words:

The SPEAKER. The Ch..'lir will ask the gerrtlernan from Joint resolution (H. J. Res. 67) tendering the thank of Con-gres to South Dakota [Mr. JoHNSON}, a oldler in the reeent war, to tGllireaJset wwn.?~.se.L-ved, or- ga.ve ()thers to the service cf, the conn_try in the act as Sp<>ake.r pro temiJore for the day. [Appk'iuse.] ,...._

Ml·. JOHNSON of South Dakota assu:me<l the chair as Speaker Resolved, etc., Tbnt the thanks of Congr · are her by extended to pro tempore. those who ser;ed in the armed forces of the United ta.tes in the war

against-the Imperial German Government and who, through their patri-Mr. MO:NDELL. 1\lr. Speaker, an{l gentlem~ of the House, otic ae.riftce, steadfast fidelity, brilliant stmtegy, aru:I coura.geou ervice

before I begin my remarks on the re-solution I wish to say that secured a victorious peace, gave to the w.orld a new in igllt into the high •t h ed t th t th · 'bl · ~. t· 1 ideals and lofty purposes of America, and left to futm·e generations a l as occurr o me a ere 18 possl Y an u.ru.n~.en xona splendid heritage of heroic achievement and noble devotion to duty. omission in this resolution. We ha<l hope<l and expected an-d That the thanks of Congre. s are hereby extended to those who s t"Ved believed that it embraced all of those who had 'conspicuously on the selective-service boards and in the various au.x.iliary fo~ces, whose served and sacrificed, but in writing the second para-graph of patriotic, humane, a.nd benevolent work at home and on the Oelll of the resolution the last time a slight change was made whi'Ch ~aa~~i~.ntributeu so greatly to the comfort an!l s.npport _of our valiant leaves the paragraph in a form which I fear does IlDt with 'l'hat the thanks of Con.,.ress are hereby extendl:!d to the mothers, wives, sufficient clearness include thanks to the members of the nnd relatives who, patJ:lotic and uncomplaining, gave their nearest and their dearest in the hour of the Nation'. need, and its cle<.>p and Iwart-selectin~-service boards, men many of them ~ete.rans~ of former felt sympathy is extended to tho e whose kindred fell or. were perma­wars, who could not give their ervices in the field bu..t who nently disabled in the great struggle. did render conspicuaus service at home. A.t the prop , time Tba.t Con.,c:r:ress reverently u-presses its profound appreciation of the sublime act o! those who made the supreme sa.crificc uy giving their I shall ask that, on page 1, line 13, after the word "served," lives for their country antl their country's cause. there be added the words "on the service boards"; o1·, if gen- 1\lr. Speaker, no re olution we ca:n draw, no '-rords we cDD tlemen prefe-r, "on the selective-service boards." Then, at the command, fitly or fully express our heartfelt thanks and our beginning of line 14 in order more clearly to embrace- the char- sincere appreciation of the loyalty and devotion of our fighting acte1· of this particular service, to insert, before the ,,lor<l men, those who served anti ministered unto them, or the good "humane," the wru·d "patriotic," so that the paragrnph will folks at home who with tearful eyes bade the boy Go<l peed and read: then turned to every good work which supported the men in the

That the t.b:anks of Co.ngres are hereby ertenued to tllo who fiel<l and armed the Nation to its ta k. served on the selective-se.~:vice boards and in the various a;uxiliary 'Vith reverence we expr the Nation'. appreciatio.n of those forces whose patriotic, humane, and b<.'nevolent woi:k at home antl on the field of battle contributed so greatly to the comfort and sup- who gave their li\es~ that the world mi"'ht be a better place for port of our valiant warriors. others to li\-e in, and in our heart of hearts we hol<l a the

The world is slowly emerging from under the hrulow of tlie bjects of our special care the gallant men who have retuTned greatest and most devastating war and the most widespread to u with the honorable scar,<> of war und tho ·e bereaved one and awful attendant terrorism, murder, pestilenee, and famine who mourn the uru:eturning braveA [Applause.] in all the history of mankind. lli. CL.A.RK of l\1i ouri. Mr. Sp aker [appla.w e], I taki it

At the beginning we hoped that our beloved country and its this resolution will pas unanimously. I think it surely should. people ,vould not be brought within t11e devouring and d so- It is eminently fitting and proper that the Canrgess in this lating flame of the world conflict, b-ut the realization of that public manner return the heartfelt thanks of om· country to the .hope was impo ible. The conflict that shook the very foun a- men who served her so valiantly and so victoriou ly in the most tions of the world had its beginning in the clash of views on stupendous WU'r_ in the entire history of the human race, but questions of such primary importance to all mankind that it American men, women, and childr n have all·eady demon­was inevitable that we should become in>olTe<l. Our country strated their gratitude an(). pride in every way which human has grown so great and powerful, itt'~ interests are 0 wide- ingenuity could devise. We are only doing in_ olemn a.nd offi­spread, its influence so all-pervading that we can not escape cial manner what the great, p1·eud, pul ing, loving · heart of i ssues that involve the liberties of all manh."ind. America has· expres ed in e.nthusia tic and impromptu fa .. t1ion.

History will ne-ver adequately :record an<;!. the human mind 'Can What we say will matter little, but what our sol<liers did will never fully grasp the sum total of the misery and agany that never fade from human memory so long as the world endures. the war and its attendant troop of horrors has brought to man- They demonstrated American p:r:owe s in :rrms to all the nations kind, but we may at le.ast take consolation in the fact that of the eaTth and raised our country's fame to a pinnacle of ex­through the black and somber pattern w.hich the demons of ceeding glGry. war have woven are shot the co1.mtless golden threads of ideal- In my Arlington peech on Decoration Dny, 1913, I snid: ism, loyalty, fidelity, faith, and devotion unto death whieh "America is the most peaceable Nation on the globe, but at the with the passing of the years will give the dominant tone to same time is the most martial. The truth of this seemin"' para­_the picture as mankind, holding the e virtues in grateful dox was prcved in 1861, when at the first tap of the drum a remembrance, shall seek to forget the hon·ors of the war. whole people sprang to arms. In April, 1 61, there were not

No tongue or pen has yet given adequate expre ion to the 20,000 soldiers within the broad con.fines of the Republic, while matchle heroi rn of <launtless Belgium, . the invincible gal- in April, 1865, the continent trembled beneath the iron tread lantry of France, the unconquerable spirit of Briton, tile fervid of 2,000,000 of as fine soldiers as the sun ever hone upon, some 'valor of Italy. They constitute a stary that will make tlle his- in blue aBel some in gray." It ·hn:s been mru·l' lously demon­tory of the days of the Great War an exhau~tle ·s mine ef match- strated in the 'Vorld War just clo <1, wherein in a few months Jess inspiration to mankind through all the centuries to come. we accomplished the miracle of eniling two millions and a halt

America's contribution to the war wns inyalua.ble from the of armed men aero s the ea who tumed the tide of battle on beginning, for our limitless ·tore· of food and war material the red fields of France. So long as the worl<l a<lmires courage were at all times the main reliance of the gallant Allies. Our their Talor will be chanted in ong and celebrated in story. entrance into the war as a fighting and effective farc.e heralded [Applause.] the turning of the tide. Without detracting from tire- credit and While our soldiers .in Europe were winning imperi hable re­tlle glory. due tile gallant nations and peoples that fought the nown, we h::ld 2,000,000 more in training camps in our own coun­good fight from the begi:nning, it may be said without boasting, try fretting their hearts away because they were not permitted and has been aid by generous spokesmen o:t all the Allies, that to join their brotllers in arms "over tl1ere." Such a colossal it was the weight of our iniluence, the magnitude of our prepara-J achievement has no parallel in the annals of war. [Applause.] .tion, and, above all, the matchless valor of om· men, that turned In addition to the four and one-half millions actually in the

1919 . . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 435 Army ami Navy service of our country, we had enrolled 13,000,-000 m ')re of military age in reserve. No such demonstration of warli l>e prowess was ever witnessed in any nation since God said "Let there be light." Let us fervently hope and pray that· there will never be occasion or opportunity or necessity for a repetition of this ' astounding chapter in our history. May uni­versal and eternal peace be the compensation for all the blood and treasure spent in the awful cataclysm which befell half the world.

"Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends." That is one of the most beautiful and philosophical sentences written by John the Di~ciple whom Jesus loved. This pat~aphrase of that sentence is equally true and philosophical: "Greater love and higher honor hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his country, or offers so to do." Therefore all honor, all glory, all love be to the brave, patriotic, and self-sacrificing men of America who buckled on their armor and went forth to fight at the call of their beloved country.

There are tears for "the unreturning brave"; there are aid and tenderest compassion for the maimed and those whose health was broken in the service abroad or in home camps ; there is a high resolve to succor the war widows and orphans in their sore distress ; there is heartfelt gratitude to the living and the dead; there is sympathy unspeakable for the fathers and mothers whose sons lost their lives in the awful tragedy; there are profoundest thanks to Almighty God that He brought us through the bloody conflict safe and strong and hopeful for the future of our own country and of the whole world. [Applause.]

Mr. MONDELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield 15 minutes to the gen­tleman from Iowa [Mr. TowNER]. [Applause.]

THE .AMERICAN SOLDIER.

Mr. TOWNER. Mr. Speaker, America is proud of her sol­diers, but not because they constitute a part of a military machine. The pride of Rome in her legions, the pride of France in the disciplined troops that followed Napoleon, the pride of Germany in her vast military machine has never been hers. The pride of America in her soldiers has ever been that they were citizen soldiers, called from their peaceful pursuits to service and sacrifice for the preservation of their liberty, the safety of their country, and the security of their homes. They served not for military distinction, not for fame or glory, not for place or power, but in fulfillment of their obligations as citizens, because they believed that any sacrifice was better than the surrender of all they held dear. It is this that has ever lent distinction to their service. It is this that has ever made their supreme sacrifice so solemn and so sacred.

Away back in the colonial days, when the Pilgrims landed on the rock-bound shores of New England, this service began and such sacrifice was made. To face the midnight attacks of their savage foes the Colonials became sentinel soldiers, guarding their first rude homes. To protect the westward migrations that through trackless forests, across uncharted plains, over snow-capped mountains, onward, ever onward toward the set­ting sun, moved to the occupancy of a continent, the pioneer became a soldier.

And then came the Revolution, a war of colonists against a powerful monarchy~ a war of home-loving people against armies trained under Wellington in the Peninsular campaign, against professional soldiers, veterans of a hundred battle fields. The American soldier then was such as Paul Revere, who rode out under the sil~nt stars through Lexington to Concord carrying the signal for the independence of a nation. They were men like those who-

By the rude bridge that spanned the flood Their flag to April's breeze unfurled,

'Twas there the embattled farmers stood And fired the shot heard :round the world.

They were men like those who, during the terrible winter of Valley Forge, lived on flour mixed with water baked into cakes at open fires, of whom Lafayette wrote: " They were in want of everything; they had neither coats, hats, shirts, nor shoes," who left their bloody footprints in the snow and for the better­ment of whose condition Washington stole away to kneel in agonizing prayer. They were the backwoodsmen under Fergu­son and Morgan and Greene, who drove Cornwallis from the South and made possible his final surrender at Yorktown. These were the soldiers that ordained freedom for a continent and builded a nation which now leads the world.

Alike in character and purpose were the soldiers of the Civil War. The soldier of the Civil War was a soldier because he was a citizen, a husband, a father. He was simply, unaf­

. fectedly, earnestly a patriot. He loved his country because it sheltered his home, protected his family, guarded his fireside. He could say with Cicero, " Our country is the common parent

of us all. Dear are our ancestors, dear are our chilur:en, dear our relatives and friends; and all these loves are contained ill love of country." . He had learned in his home life to be faith­ful and brave and true, and faithful and brave and true as he was at" home so was he on the field of battle. No hardship cop.ld discourage him, no danger could dishearten him. Srich was the soldier of the Civil War. Perhaps as never before men were uplifted and ennobled by devotion and sacrifice. The youth of the land were inspired. Their hearts were touched by fire. It was theirs to learn at the outset that life was a pro­found and passionate thing, and that death in a righteous cause is. the supreme service man can render to his fellow men. Thus over and above the sordid plains of selfishness they saw the snowy heights of honor and of glory.

And then came the War with Spain. It was a little war, as wars are measured, but in its effects on the Nation 1t was tJ·e­mendous. It was an unselfish war. It had in it no purpose that was not just and high. The call to arms was a call that made response a noble dee<l. In the cause of liberty and humanity again .America unsheathed the sword. There was a veritable revival of patriotism. Our country had a larger mean­ing. Our flag had a greater beauty. The best of our youth went out from shops and factories, from the cornfields of the North and the cotton fields of the South, college boys and cow­boys together in the ranks following the flag. The heroic age had come again. There was not in all the borders of the land a youth but knew there was something dearer than dollars and more to be ·desired than place or power, and by that knowl-edge they were uplifted and ennobled. .

Plato declared that the soldiers of ·Marathon and the sailors of Salamis became the schoolmasters of Greece. True, indeed, was that statement; and so the soldiers of these, our wars, have been our teachers-teaching us the value of liberty, the sacred­ness of human rights, the blessings that are ours under a Government of the people, by the people, and . for the people.

'.rhe American soldier of the present war was of like char­acter and conduct. He went into the war with a full realization of what it meant. He was not given to speculation as to what was- the particular reason which justified our participation in the war. But he knew that we had used every honorable means to a\oid it and that those means had failed. He knew that we had suffered indignities and injuries which no self­respecting nation could ignore. He knew that the German attack was not only against Belgium and France and England, but was against civilization itself, and that if it succeeded our own liberties and our own institutions would be in peril. He knew that the mighty power he went to fight was the most powerful, the most ruthless, the most savage and relentless that ever drew the sword. Above all he knew his country called him and that no patriotic American eYer had or ever could refuse that summons.

The American soldier passed no sleepless nights in solitude watching the armor he was to wear when next day he should receive the accolade of knighthood. He had no desire for dis­play, no thought of distinction, no motive but duty. He loved his country and he knew its history. He shared in its ideals and believed its principles. He believed that this Government of ours was' the best the world possessed or had ever known. He felt himself a part of it. It was his-his not only to admire and to love, but to. serve and preserve.

And so he went across the seas to unknO\\ll dangers-to hard­ships, to wounds, to deat11-with a smile on his face and a prayer in his heart for the dear ones left at home. And how big and manly they looked as they went away. Well might the Red Cross nurse say as she saw them leaving the ship in France: "They are so big. They tower over everyone, and have great broad shoulders and big voices-just real, real men." Vigorous and strong, alert and virile, with keen and kindly eyes, and wearing ever the smile that comes from a true heart and a clean mind, they were the •ery incarnation of youth, wearing its glamor like a shining garment. [Applause.] ·

It was not strange that they excited the admiration of nll who saw them. And how well they bore their part ! It "·as om· own martyr poet, Alan Seeger, who wrote his mother:

Be sure I shall play the part well, for I was never in better health nor felt my manhood more keenly.

That was ever their thought, to play well their part, and they entered upon their work with the keenest interest and the most intense desire to succeed. With a confidence that came from accustomed success, with an assurance that was born of a knowledge of their capabilities, with a purpose so vigorous that failure never entered into their calculations, they entered upon their mighty task. And .yet there was nothing of bravado in their attitude. They knew they must be taught, they knew they must learn their lessons, and there ne\er were more mod-

436 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-HOUSE. 1\l.A.Y 30,

est pupils than they were, learning the les orrs of modern war- ambitious _plans, their eager desires, their earnest hopes, did the fare f1·om their experienced teachers. angel of death -touch with his cohl, inexorable l..uulil.

And bow ·the children lo\ed them! I was shown with great And so our hour of victory is saddened by it awful cost. pride a picture which a big stalwart farmer boy sent home to We strive to strike a preon, but it wanes into a ·dirge. ·we his family. He was marching along -the street. with one little strive to remember anly the gallant .array, with banuers flying one on his back, another on his o.rm, and still anoth-er holding and armor bright, but we ean not forget the gaps in the ranks. his hand . .And they were all proud and hap-py! · We strive to think of the hero as he leads the column" over the

It occur to me there is much in the triking faet that the top" to glorious victory, but our thoughts will turn, in spite. soldi-er seleeted to send home to his family this simple J.)icture of us, to that dear one whom the dumb turf wraps in its mantle .of himself rather tllftn one that might show 1rim and be dis- of silence "somewhere in F.:rance." But it is said, '':No bar of tinctive of hi service as a soldier in the ranks. endless night exiles the brave." And t.o us now they stand

In battle there were n.ever better, braver sold.i rs thllil our own transfigured- in the halls of mem.ory, secure from change, bean­home boys, most of wh'Om had never before carried a gun or tifnl forev.erm{)re, nnd with the light of the eternal mm:ning in fired a shot. In this war .horrors had been Jlllagnified to an their eyes. unimagined degree. .But they we~·e aceepted as inevitable and 1\Ir. Speaker, we shall not be worthy of our position as Ameri· met without a murmm· or .a tremm·. In the -trenches plastered .can representatives unless we shall from such _remembrances with mud, steuling snatches .of sleep on a board set into a wall feel a deep-er love for the country for wllieh they .ga:ve thei.r of clay; watching the shells burst, wondeting where the next lives -and _a _greater -feeling of responsibility for the trust im­would fall; dodging the bombs from flocks of airplanes ; fixing po ed on us that we may make and keep it ever worthy of their their masks when the oncoming waves of poi on "'as eame down acrifice. the 1ine; standing for hours at a -peephole, wa.te:h.ing -for the For the youth they gave .and the blood they gave, enemies attack·, fuin~ ba~onets and crouehed for -the signal For the strength that was our stay,

~ .r Fo.r every marked or .n:a.meless g:r:rve for " over the top"' ; Tushing forward toward a storm of hrap- On the ,steel-wrn Flanders way, nel, with smoke and fl..ame and -the thunder of the gn:ns ma.k- We who are who.l(! ot body and oul,

We have a debt to pay. ing a veritable hell of the battle fiekl--tbese are some of the Far the youth they ga-ve and the blood they gave,

-things they experieneed when sometimes but a few weeks from we must render haek the due; home. For every marked or nameless grave

~ut they met all th~se with a s_mlle and a j~t. Even the T~~~~!.J.~~ ~ Jr~~c~mree~en weight ser10usly wounded sent to the hospitals kept their courage and And the wm·ld is a. world..m:n.Oe new. good spirits. One of them wrote: · [.A 1 J

Hospitals lla>e become quite 'the 1::1ge among our best peop-le. _Almost PP a use. . . . . all otn" np.per classe are staying ut them. For ridding yourself of

1

1\Ir. CLARK of MI oun. Mr. Speaker, I yield 10 rnmute to useless appendnges, :fi:nding out about yonrself, your construction and the gentleman from Alabama [1\Ir. "HEEr.rN]. [.Applause.] • int-erior decoratiO'll chem~, hosplW _treatme:nt can J?Ot be beaten. Mr . .HEFLIN. Mr. Speaker our oldier:s were drawn .from the Ne-rer attempt the n.JJ:garity of getting up at mealtim-es and tb:ns . ' betraying your base Army ori"'in. Insist on .having all your meals body of a brave and .Illlghty people. They repre ented the served a.s you recline on your ~t. viga:rous and inbrepid -manhood of. .America. An Ohio boy who

In a hospital a visitor paused at the bedside of a youth whose came to Camp Sheridan, in my State, was the ehau.ffeu of a head, both arms, and chest were covered with bandages. " Hello, wealthy young man in Cleveland, but in the great army of my man," he aid, "how 3.l'e you :feeling?" "Fine, sir, fine." dem~cracy. he became the captain of his fo:r:mer employer, then was the reply. "You see. I was very lucky, sir; I got a whole a pnvnte .m .th-e ranks. Our soldiers were the soldiers of the shell to myself." people. The story of the Ame-ti.can oldie:r' advent into wo.r

.Another, -Tisiting a hospital after a severe battle, said: and his brilliant triumph in battle reads like a thr-illing roman e. "Not one word of 1·egret, not a tear, not a complaint in a I saw him turn from the peaceful pur nit of life, bid fnthe.r

hospital full of torn, mangled, dismembered boys, many of whom and mother _good-by_, don _the uniform _of his country, and em­llad not been six weeks in the front ranks." bark upon -a sea th1ck w1.th deadly mme and murderous ub­

.And as they lived and fought and suffered so they died. marines. And there he stood u:rulaunted, with the lio-ht of .After the battle of Chateau-Thierry a Frencli' writer visited battle in his eye, proud to be the gua:rdian of .American liberty. the battle field and wrote to a Paris paper the next day: [.Applause.] It .is well a.ud fitting for us to pay tile tribut of

"These wonderful .Americans fight like our own French our Jove -to the boys who met the upreme te t of their day poilu diu the fir t year of the war. Their beautiful young and staked their ~ives to pr~erre American liberty. bodies were lying straight out and their :faces were always to- ~eter the Herm1t, addressmg the Orusaders to the Holy Lund, -ward the enemy." srud:

[.Applau .] Brave knights, rememb'er the deeds of your an-cestors. One of our own boys writing borne said: EdmUild Bmke said: " This morni.c:g I went over the battle ground; it was raining. They who care nothing far the d-eeds of their ancestors need not look

I found one of our boys iil tbe thick of a wheat field . . He was forward to the doings of their posterity. still wa1·m, but he was dead. He had :fixed his wouuds as best 1\Ir. Speaker, we love tbe records of our people. 'Ve 11oiut he could. He had his mother's and sweetheart's pictures in one with p-ride to their doings in the drama of history. The courage hand and llis letters from home in the other. He hud died look- displayed by the soldier in battle represents the character and ina at them." courage of the people at home. We are not only satisfied with

Innumerable incidents like these could be gh-en. In the let- the conduct of our boys on the battle fields of Franee, but we ters home sent by tho e who survived the stories of heroic are proud to claim them as our representatives and happy to bravery in the :face of almost certain death, of sacrifices made have the world judge us by the .record that they· hnYe mnd-e. to aYe a \Younded comrade, of the deliberate choice of death [.Applause.] I shall never :forget the spring of 1918, when the rather t:ll.a.n surrender, could be multiplied almost indefinitely. Germans were blasting and burning their way toward Paris.

And now in this our day of victory we have met to honor We dreaded to see the headlines in the newspn:pers. The Ger­those who er>ed o well and are .returned to us anil to pay the mans were advancing and driving back the Allied .Armies. 'l'he tribute of our loving .remembrance to those who will re.tnrn to only doubts and misgivings that we ever had arose from the us no more, who .now sleep on the hillsiues of Franee, who have :fear that Germany would break through the lines before our made for us the supreme sacrifice. boys could reach the battle .front in France, but when we

l\Iuny of you have seen Daniel C. Frenche's ".Angel of Death learned tb...<tt they were there we breathed a sigh of relief and and the Sculptor." It is considered one of the most beautiful looked :forward with perfect con:fidence to the day w.hen they pieces of statuary yet produced by an .American. In the midst I would strike the decisive blow and it would all be over " O\er of his work the young sculptor chi eling at the face of his there." [.Applause.] sphinx, his f01:m tense with the ea rrerness of his desire, his face Gentlemen, in the darkest hour of the world hlstory our lit up by the fire of his ambition, is suddenly interrupted. The boys took our flag and cro ed the ea. It became the bow of angel of death touches him as with uplifted hand he aims to promise and the bow of hope to the war-worn armies of our strike another blow. Transfixed he stands and turns to meet Allies. They turned to tlle American· oldier as <lid the .Israelites his fate; dauntless, yet with the anguish of the hour struggling of old to Aaron to stretch forth th~ healing rod and give the for the mastery; bra.ve. yet with the awful thought of buriea land deliverance. [.Applause.] Fathers and mothers, weeping hopes, of broken plans, of blasted ambitions pictured in JUs sad- over their sons dead in battle, praised and llugged the flag of dened eye and quivering lip. our country; their daughters, living in dread and fear of t1le

How wen that typifies those who h..·we made the· supreme brutal Hun~ ki.ssedllild earessed its sacred folds. .[Applause.] sacrifice in this 'war. Not one only b11t thousands of b.rave .Aye, the .mothers of France and their daughters kissed the rifle _young hearts whose uplifted hands were busy ca,rYing out their barrels of our soldiers and with tears streaming down their

1919. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 437 faces said, ·~You will save us; won't you?" [Applause.] And our brave boys; thinking of home, mother, sister, wifE!, and sweetheart, looked into the sad and ·sorrowful faces of these heroic and !ong-suffering women of France and said, " Yes; we will drive out the murderers or die in the attempt." [Applause.]

Our brave boys unfurled Old Glory against an army whose mighty forebears had conquered imperial Rome. They carried it against an army whose seasoned warriors had driven back for three years the migl'lty armies of the people of Napoleon and Wellington. And from their first baptism of fire to their victorious march toward Berlin through the gates of Sedan they displayed a skill and courage in battle that sent terror into the ranks of the enemy and won for them the lo'e and ad­miration of the civilized world. [Applause.}

The President of France said of them : They fiung themselves into the combat with manly contempt of danger

and smiling disregard of deatb.

[Applause.] Marshal Foch, of France, said: These American soldiers ask nothing better than to go to their death.

[Applause.] Sir Robert Borden, premier o~ Canada, said : The American soldier brought victory out pf defeat on the western

front.

{Applause.] This is the glorious record of the American soldier. When

Gen. Haig said to his men," Your backs are to the wall. There is nothing to do but to die," and when the brave French soldiers were worn and weary and covered over with blood and sweat, fighting on but falling back nearer ~nd nearer to Paris, the American crusaders of liberty-the marvel and miracle of the age-were hurrying to the battle front in France. [Applause.]

The record of their service is radiant with heroic achieve­ments. And at Chateau-Thlerry the night before that mighty drive Gei~many had marshaled the pick and flower of her army in front of the American line. Here stood the hitherto. vic­torious Prussian Guard. They had rested for this occasion and were now in the pink of condition, all dressed in new uniforms to be worn in the march upon Paris. Germany had driven back the army of Belgium, of France, and of Great Britain, and now she desired to add one more star of glory to her crown before she ended the war in victory and she determined to break through the American line and defeat the American Armr. Ah, that awful night before the mighty drive. The President of France was making ready to move the seat of government from Pans ; men and women and children were fleeing panic­stricken from the city. The mighty drive was imminent. The world was on tiptoe. Our boys, brave, undaunted, and deter­mined, were ready and waiting for the morrow. [Applause.]

In the dead of the night our officers went up and down the line and said to our heroic soldiers, ~· Boys, you must hold them to-morrow." And our boys answered back, "We'll hold 'em." Realizing that Germany would make the most stupendous effort of all to break through at that point, just l:Jefore day our officers came down the line again and said to our boys, "You must hold 'em, boys. They must not pass." And our brave boys answered back, "We'll hold 'em. They shall not pass." [Ap­plause.] Th~e were the words of the brave soldiers of the Rainbow Division and the brave American marines eoruing from every State in the American Union. [Applause.]

The great day dawned. The mighty drive was on. Germany was bombarding Paris across a distance of 75 mile' with the biggest gun in the world. Her aeroplanes were dropping bombs on the city. German artillery was thundering on the western front. Bulletins from the scene of battle were going into Paris . The first bulletin to Paris read about like this: .. Germans ad­vancing~ French fighting bravely but falling back. Americans holding." Second bulletin: u·Germans advancing, French sb"'l fighting bravely. Americans counterattacking." [Applause.] Third bulletin : " Germans still advancing. French fighting heroically. Germans in full retreat, losses heavy, as Americans advance." [Applause.] Next bulletin: "There are no Germans south of the Marne save the wounded and the dead." [Ap­plause.} America had struck the decisive blow and had saved the liberty of the world. [Applause.]

Brave soldiers, God forbid that we shall ever prove recreant in our obligations to you for your heroic service to your coun­try and .to the world. [Applause.] These men, Mr. Speaker, fought in the greatest war of all history. No soldier before them ever , rendered service of such far-reaching importance. They stood not only between us and the overthrow of our GoYernment and the loss of our liberty, but they saved the civilization of the world. [Applause.] They rendered a serv-

ice to mankind that will live until the sun grows cold and the leaves of the judgment book unfold. [Applause.] And where are they, the Hapsburgs and Hohenzollerns? Gone. They all are gone. Autocracy has fallen. The sword of the Kaiser has perished. Democracy is triumphant and God's cause is march4

ing on. [Applause.] All hail to our brave boys who fought for and saved civilization and liberty. [Applause.] All hail to the living American soldier, and all hail to their brave comrades who sleep in France where the poppies grow! [Applause.] Sleep on, brave soldiers; sleep in the mellow moonlight of our own proud memories. You have achieved the last supreme adventure, and you died in the noblest cause that ever engaged the services of a soldier. [Applause.] Sleep on until the glad reunion time with youP brave comrades who survive; sleep till the light of eternity's morning shall break beyond the mystic mountains. Your names are preserved in the Valhalla of American fame and written in the Lamb's book of life. [Loud applause.]

Mt. 1\IONDELL. 1\fr. Speaker, I yield 10 minutes to the gen­tleman from Oklahoma [Mr. MoRGAN]. [Applause.]

Mr. MORGA..iY 1\Ir. Speaker, I heartily approve the resolu­tions offered by the gentleman from Wyoming, proposing a vote of thanks to the men who served in our Army and Navy in the Great World \Var.

It is altogether appropriate that the Congress of the United States on this sacred Memorial Day should suspend its ordinary business and pass a resolution in recognition of the service these men rendered their country and humanity.

Our soldiers~ seamen, and marines are clearly entitled to the profoundest thanks we can express. They richly deserve the highest praise we can bestow. They are eminently worthy the deepest gratitude we can feel.

They performed a service to their country under circumstances and conditions which commands our highest admiration. Their service was rendered in a great crisis-in a time of need, in an hour of danger, when all we had was at stake. In this critical juncture these men donned the uniform of their country, marched forth at the call of duty, guided their country safely through the perils which beset it, and carried the flag to victory. ·

It was a hazardous service which these men performed. It endangered their health, exposed their bodies to wounds and mutilation and placed their lives in jeopardy. In performing this service 71,000 died of disease, 230,000 were wounded, and 50,000 were killed in action. But on and on they went, never re­treating, always going forwarJl,. ever advancing until the German Army surrendered.

This service required personal sacrifice on the part of our · soldiers. They left their homes, bid ~ood-by to friends, rela­tives, fatheTs, mothers, brothers, sisters, and sweethearts. They closed their business establishments, xrelinquished positio~ gave up employment, left in8titutions of learning, and lost opportuni­ties of every kind and character. Congress can not by any vote of thanks, nor can the American people by any expression of appreciation, compensate these men for the sacrifices they have made. But these brave men will, nevertheless, appreciate our kind words. So let this vote of thanks be recorded, and let us all in the future years avail ourselves of every opportunity, by word and by deed1 to encourage, to cheer, and to honor these men, who in .an hour of public danger and at such great personal sacrifice rendered such signal service to their country.

Furthermore, in rendering this service these men displayed extraordinary courage, splendid bra-very, and sublime heroism. Above all, it was an unselfish service, freely given for others. So we honor our soldiers, seamen, and marines of the Great World War. We salute them as heroes, patriots, and bene­. factors!

ALL WERE HEROES.

The vote of thanks which Congress expresses to-day extends to all the soldiers, seamen, and marines who served in ouT Army and Navy in the Great World War. We make no distinction between the men who were called oYerseas and those who were in training camps at home. They all manifested the s::une mag­nificent spirit, the same willingness to make, if necessary, the supreme sacrifice in the service of the country. But it was the fate, or shall I say the privilege, of some to be called abroad and to participate in those great battles which added so much to the glory of our country. These men fought with skill, in­itiative, dash, courage,. and bravery never surpassed. They met every requirement. They failed in no particular. They demonstrated that th~ American soldier is the best on earth.

· They added honor, renown, and glory to their country. They earned the eternal gratitude of all mankind. They turned ba-ck the tide of German barbarism and saved Christian civilization.

. 438 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE . 1\IAY 30, ! ·Through their un~·elfisll, heroic, and noble deeds tlle torch of ~ ·liberty and freedom will burn throughout ages ·to come with in­' (:reased light and luster.

THE FUTURE.

We know not wllat the future may bring forth. May peace ever reign in tllis beloved country. May war clouds never again rise above our national llqrizon. But, whatever may come, let us never cease to honor the soldiers of this Republic. Any nation that neglects the men who have set;ved in its army and navy and \\ho have fought its battles thereby exhibits an in­gratitude unworthy a great, generous, patriotic people.

The influence of the deeds which our soldiers perform will not end to-day, to-morrow, next week, or next year. It will go on and on forever. The country which they saved will remain the home of millions of the happiest people on earth. The :flag which they followed and for which ·they fought will continue to be the emblem of liberty and freedom and a light to the people of every nation on earth. Through the service which these men-our. soldiers, seamen, and marines-performed the Union will live, our free institutions will endure, the Stars and Stripes s till ,,-ave, and the good which these brave men did will abide with our people, and among all the nations of the world, until time shall be no more. [Applause.]

Mr. l\IONDELL. l\!r. Speaker, I yield 10 minutes to the gen­tleman from Massachusetts [Mr. TREADWAY]. [Applause.]

l\fr. TR:BADW AY. Mr. Speaker, this is the greatest Memorial Day our country has ever known. For more than half a century this day has been sacred in our annals. Annually we have paid homage to the braYe men of the Rebellion. F.()r the past 20 years we haYe added to their number the departed of the Spanish War, and to-day grouped with all those heroes, whose number of dead is increased as the years roll by, ·we add the nearly 80,000 of our citizens who have made the supreme sacrifice during the World War. .

It is fitting that the resolution under which these exercises are being held does not refer solely to those who lie buried in· foreign soiL Honor is due, and will_be gladly paid, to the sur­\ivors of all three wars for whom this day is set aside.

. The resolution rightly includes those not actually in the armed forces, together with the mothers, wives, and relatives \Yho acrificed so much that victory might be attained. It is therefore very apparent that since the establishment of Memorial Day this one is the greatest and most important.

\Ve ~- ill never disassociate Memorial Day from its original ·object, but we can very rightly add to it the honors due heroes of later periods in our country's history. It is very proper to act on the pending resolution, and Congress is the only place where the official thanks of the American people can be re­corded to the 4,000,000 ~ericans engaged in this most recent struggle between the nations. It was through congressional ac­tion they were called upon to perform their patriotic duty, and it must therefore be through our action that they shall receive due recognition of their services. I join most heartily with my colleagues in this body in voicing my approval of the pend­ing resolution.

RECORD OF TWENTY-SIXTH DIVISION.

Le t me make special reference to some of the organizations in which Massachusetts was particularly interested, and a few individual men of whom there should be permanent mention in the Co~GRESSIONA.L RECORD. Together with all other sections of the country we take pride in the local organizations. I desire to incorporate in my remarks a brief summary of the statistics of the Twenty-sixth Division, taken from the official program of

· the parade held in Boston last month. The Yankee Division was organized in Boston August 22,

1917, from units of the National Guard troops of the New Eng­land States and a · quota of National Army troops at Camp Devens, l\lass. It was trained at various places in Massachu­setts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. It sailed from Hoboken, N. J., September 7, 1917, and landed at St. Nazaire, France, on September 21, 1917. For four months the division was in the training area and furnished details for various lines of work, making preparations for the large body of troops which began to arrive soon after January 1, 1918.

The division took part in eight different campaigns, receiving its baptism of fire in the Chemin des Dames sector and using the first rolling barrage of fire ever fired by American artillery ; in the Toul sector, being engaged with the enemy at Bois Brule (Apremont) Aptil10, 12-13; Seipcheprey, April20, 21; Humbert Plantation, May 27; Richecourt, May 30; Xivray-Marvoisin, June 16; in the Pas Fini sector, where the Twenty-sixth relieved the Second Division, the line running through the famous Bois ue Belleau and the villages of Vaux and Bouresches, with the town of Chateau-Thierry a short distance to the southeast;

later in the Aisne-Marne offensive, the clivi ion repeated its at­tacks· during the week of July 18-25 and netted a total distance of advance of 17i kilometers, freeing the towns of Torey, Givry, Belleau, Epieds, Trugny, and Etrepi1ly; the Rupt sector, occu­pied prior to the St. Mihiel offensive; in the St. 1\fihiel offensive, attacking by a night march in order to occupy Vigneulles, thus effecting a junction between the American attacks on the we t and south of the St. Mihiel salient; in the Troyon section, freeing the villages of Thillot, St. l\!aurice, Vigneulles, Vieville, and Hannonville, all of which held a civilian population that had suffered for four years under German occupation; the last action being in the Meuse-Argonne · offensive, where the division was for 26 days continually exposed to severe artillery and machine-gun fire, finishing with a month on . the famous Verdun front, which was a month of suffering and of glory.

Either the division as a whole or portions of it were cited or commended 19 different times in American and French orders. .

It is extremely gratifying to me that the fir t ot these cita­tions for any former National Guard organization was given, on April 26, 1918, to the One hundred and fourth Infantry, which contained four companies from my district.

The division captured 3,148 prisoners and its total casualties were 11,955.

It may be further n·oted ·that the first American to capture a German prisoner was Sergt. John Letzing, of Company E, One hundred and fourth Infantry, Twenty-sixth Division, who re­ceived the war cross.

AWARD OF CONGRESSIONAL MEDALS OF HOXOR.

It is particularly fitting to refer to the a ward of the congt·es­sional medal of honor to two privates of the Twenty-sixth Divi­sion, and I herewith insert the verbatl.m copy of General Order , No. 20:

The medal of honor was awarded to two pri\ates of the Twenty-sixth Division in the following terms:

HEA-DQUARTERS TWEXTY-SIXTH DIVISIO~, AMERICAN ]}XPEDITIO:s-ARY FORCES,

General Orders, No. 2 . Fra11ce~ Ma1·ch 8, 1919.

The division commander is pleased to announce the award by the President, in the name of the Congres , of the medal of honor to the following-named enlisted men for acts of gallantry and intrepidity, above and beyond the call of duty, performed in action against the enemy while members of this command :

Pvt. (First Class) George Dilboy (deceased), Company II, One hundred and third Infantry. (Medal awarded Dec. 5, 1918.)

For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty in action with the enemy on July 1 , 1918, near Belleau, France.

After his platoon had gained its objective along a railroad embank­ment, Pvt. Dilboy, accompanying his platoon leader to reconnoiter the ground beyond, was suddenly fired upon by an enemy machine gun from 100 yards. From a standing position on the railroad track, fully exposed to view, he opened fire at once, but failing to silence the gun, rushed forward with his bayonet fixed through a wheat field toward the gun emplacement, falling within 25 yards of the gun with his right leg nearly severed above the knee and with. several bullet boles in his body. With undaunted courage, be continued to fire into the emplacement from a prone position, killing twG of the enemy and dis­persing the rest of the crew.

Pvt. (First Class) Michael J. Per·kins (deceased), Company D, One hundred and first Infantry. (Medal awarded Feb. 20 1919.)

For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty in action with the enemy at Belleau Bois, France, October 27, 1918.

Pvt. Perkins voluntarily and alone crawled to a German "pill box " machine-gun emplacement from which grenades were being thrown at his platoon. Awaiting his opportunity, when the door was a~ain opened and another grenade thrown, he threw a bomb inside, bursting the door open, and then drawing his h·ench knife rushed into the em­placement. In a hand to hand struggle he killed or wounded several of the occupants and captured about 25 prisoners, at the same time silencing seven machine guns.

(Signed) HARRY C. HALE, MajM· General Commanding.

li'IXAL REVIEW AKD PARADE.

With thousands of other citizens of New England, it was my privilege to witness the final review and parade of the Twenty­sixth Division at Camp Devens on April 22 and at Boston on Aplil 25. With these two events the brilliant history of the Twenty-sixth Division as an organization was brought to a close, but the memory of their achievements will be their richest legacy to all future generations.

I watched those two p~ades with mingled feelings of glad­ness and of sorrow. Gladness that New England's sons bad so nobly acquitted themselves; sorrow that there lay buried in foreign soil so many of their c9mrades. ·

The most impressive event at Camp Devens was witne sing an elderly man as he was escorted across the field and pre­sented to the commanding officer. All others were in·uniform, he ·alone being dressed in civilian garb. Why this distinction? This elderly· man was the father of Michael J. Perkins, and the commanding officer pinned on his breast the congressional medal

1919. IQONGRESSIONAL REOORD-H0USE. -439 uf honor which had been awarded .his son-on February 20, but

- which the father Teceived for _his ·son who lay buried "Over -There."

The distinguishing feature of the Boston parade was -the passing ·of -the wounded soldiers in at least 500 automobiles, followed by a lm'ge white flag, with a .golden -star, having be­neath it the significant figures 1.;730, the number of men of ·the 'division who had willingly made the supreme .-sacrifice and whom :the division had left behind on its return to this country.

The division returned to Camp Devens and w.a.s at once de­mobilized. Thus ended -the glorious service and splendid record of this division, it hav:i.ng the proud distinction of :being the first National Guard 'Organization ·to .be sent overseas as well as rivaling in brilliancy of record any other National Guard or National Army organization.

1\fr. Speaker, you readily can see my purpose has not been to render flowery praises to the Twenty-sixth Division but sim­ply to make their achievements part of our record in consider­ation of the pending resolution.

New England also -furnished another complete ditision, known as the Seventy-sixth. This division was only for a short })eriod under fire but, like the Twenty-sixth, acquitted itself valiantly.

Our men were, of course, scattered throughout many different organizations and in all places we1·e found ready and willing to do -their entire duty.

TRIDUTE TO COLLEGE ME~ AND WO::IIE~.

New England abounds in educational institutions and -I think we can do no less than make special mention of the gallantry and great achievements of the college men and women in the .war. Almost at the breaking out of the war the training camp was substituted for the classroom. 'Every college can to-day be proud of the record of its undergraduate students.

We have frequently read of the work done by the Smith Col­lege girls, young ladies selected particularly as physically -able to endure the hardships of war -service and splendidly equipped and supported by their college mates at home.

WHITTLESEY AND uTilE LOST B.i.TTALIO~."

I desire to .incorporate as a part of the permanent record the services of one of the men from my district who proved himself an especial hero of the war. Lieut. Col. Charles W. tWhittlesey, much better .known as "Go-to-Hell Whittlesey," be­fore entering college resided with his '})arents, Mr. antl ·l\Il.·s. Frank R. Whittlesey, in Pittsfield, 1\fass. He graduated from ·;williams College and later became a practicing attorney in New .York City. .From there he entered the .first Plattsburg train­ing camp. He was commissioned a captain and was lute:r assigned to the Seventy-seventh .Division.

The ·special .feat that he performed in hokling out against strong German forces, which surrounded his battalion ·m the ~gonne Forest, made him the idol of the United States -when ' the cables ·uore the early reports of the wonderful .expeJ.·ience of this -section of the Three hundred and eighth .Infantry. His ·reply to the demand to surrender was in i:hree well-known :words.

Perh::ws the story is most concisely told in the followirrg -ex­tract from an editorial which I give herewith:

The bit of ,profanity in the story not even the most pious Amei·ican ~would have deleted. To the " lost battalion "-it was ·trapped in a hollow in the Argonne ,Forest-came a me"Ssage, typewritten in the best

·German ·headquarters style: "Americans, you are surrounded on all.sides. Surrender in the name

of humanity. You will be well treated !" Maj. Whittlesey, the American commander, had .no typewriter, .and

1.his reply -was verbal. The Germans understood it. There .has probably fllever been a terser-response to an enemy sure of his prey and demanding . capitulation. Whittlesey's profanity pleased his men so much that :their cheers rolled over to the German lines.

• • • But the battalion, with its -rations exhausted, was ·provi-dentially found at last and restored to the Seventy-seventh Division by

~ its American brothers in arms. The beleaguered men would not be [starved out; they would not be shelled or sniped out; they hung on :with waning strength but stout .hearts, their ammunition running ·.so

~ho.rt that orders were given to fire only point blank at an advancing

German. Day after day passed without relief. At last it came when hope of -rescue .had been given up. • • • The glory of their heroic

esistance can never fade.

So ta-day Massachusetts joins hands with her sister -states in extending its hearty thanks to her and their ·valiant -sons. ~rom the days of the Revolution, Massachusetts .has .always been wominerrt in the martial affairs of i:he Nation. This war .was no exception. The -valor of her sons was tested and found true in war's crucible. [Applause.]

Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, .I yield 10 minutes 'to the gentleman from Georgia [1\fr. UPSHAW]. [..Applause.]

1\Ir. •UPSHAW. Mr. Speaker and .gentlemen of the :House the inspiration of -such an hour as this is all-compelling. cvitai and patriotic as are the demands of routine legislation to -whtch .we address ourselves every day, it seems, after nll, that it would ·

almost profane the holy impact of this '1\Iemorial Day if .the ·wheels ·uf necessary legislation -were to grind steadily on with­out our pausing -as the grateful .lawmakers of a grateful Nation to lay Our tribute of lOTe, and maybe Of tears, at the feet of

·the living nnd ·the graves of the dead who offered their alLfor the -safety of America ·and the freedom of the world.

Frankly, I am ·yet just a hit under that feeling of .repression which any brand-new Member of Congress feels when he has any measm·e of commendable modesty in his soul, and untler this reeling of restraint J: first declined when I was im'ited by his honor, our beloved minority leader, to have some part in the patriotic utterance of this hour. But I ·soon "moved to re­·consider" when-:r ·thought of the fact that a declination in fRl'Or of the older l\lembers might mark me as recreant to the· first call of duty ; and if I know my heart I came here, as 'Henry Grady used ·to say, " with a sense of consecration," determined, in the language of the country-school patron, to " sign for a full scholar " as a ·l\Jember of the ·Sixty-sixth Congress. And

·to be right honest about it, l\Ir. Speaker, I plead guilty to the soft impeachment of loving to make a speech when I have something to -say. I came by it naturally. l\1y fathe1·, ·who was a teacher us well as n farmer, was a cross between a Frenchman, an Englishman, and an Irishman, and my mother was a .full-blooded woman, and I just had to talk when I reached this mundane-sphere.

Ever since that hour at high noon on the 4th of March, when I was born a l\fember of this historic body, I have fett that I would love "for my :first ·speech in this House to be an earnest plea for an all-embracing Americanism. No one who was ·pres­ent can ever fm·get that }lour. When the swing and the sweep of the patriotic war songs were yet upon the audience, when we had sung ":America " and "The Star-Spangled Banner" with a zest and a spirit it seemed I had never heard before, when that mighty audience had been electrified beyond the power of words by that wonderful voice in the .gallery 'that rang out like a silver bell above the chorus of thousands-

Turn the dark clouds inside out Till the boys come home- ,

and then when somebody der-outedly called for a serious note, and Uncle JoE CANNON-God bless him-sent the request thnt was a sermon from his honored gray hairs for us to sing " God be with you 'till we meet again," .and tears, crystal with the light of the skies, flashed answer in a thousand eyes, 'With many Congressmen not ashamed of this tende1· evidence of reverence .and love, I was gripped and swayed and " made over " by a scene that will make me a better American .forevermo1·e. ;r saw .lle_publicans ap.d Democrats, who but an hour before had b.een ..glaring at each other,~ scolding a~ each other across party lines, ·now merged .into· one .great Amencan brotherhoo<l of God-fearing -p.a.triotism that •would have made the .spirits of Wa-shington and .Lafayette; of Abraham 'Lincoln, the typical ..American.; and Hem;y W. Grady, who died, as John Temple Graves eioquently said, ".literally loving .a nation into peace," .I i:ell you, my •COl­leagues, -it wa-s enough to Jnake these enthroned and immortal spirits, "who .rule us from their urns," foregather yonder in the citadel of the eternities and lift new voice of praise and -thanksgiving to _the God of Nations! [Applause.]

Ancl I came .away ftom the holy impul~es of that high .and .ardent hour, determined that I would never make a bitter, .narrow, partisan speech on the floor of this House. And while I am a .Democrat, without apology, and know why I am what I am, and while I expect to ·stand uncringingly for the fundamentals of -my politicaLfaith, I .here and now declare, what every oth€r patliot in this House must surely feel, that the cardinal plank of .my congressional creed will. be an- un elfish stand for 100 per cent Americanism and an emancipated humanity.

I indorse 'with all heartiness what I heard a great and good man -say the other day-that he believed that the supremest need of this reconstruction Congress was a party armistice at least for the period of reconstruction legislation, a season when that intrepid spirit of fellowship that made young Democrats and young Republicans, scions of the bra vest American sires, charge side by side up Vimy Ridge and up through the Argonne Forest ag-ainst a common foe, may have opportunity here to do its perfect work as we build together for the future of America and the safety uf all mankind. [Applause.]

'That was a high day in American ·fellowship, a new era, if you -will, in the prophecy of upwru·d-reaching humanity, when William Howard :Taft, a former Republican President, and Weodrow Wilson, the present Democratic President, walked arm an m::m on the platform in New 'York and blended their honest :hearts ·and mighty voices in behalf of ,peace for a wnr­·stricken, ·sorl~owing world. ·what a ·splendid picnue, if waT is -ever oSI}1€ndid, when the legions of liberty became the legions

440 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD- HOUSE. :31AY 30,

of God as they fought side by side for the overthrow of selfish autocracy in order that the nuptials of Peace and Liberty might be celebrated in the Temple of Happiness among the children of men. And how much more splendid, surely the Prince o.f P.eace must see, when the emancipated, enlightened nations of earth shall clasp their hands in a sacred covenant that swords shall be beaten into plowshares and spears into pruning hooks, while the hungry heart of a forward-looking humanity shall climb daily upward in subjective and objective development-

Upward toward the better through God's restless tide of years.

Inasmuch as many honest but mistaken Americans in both parties have forgotten the issues involved long e·nough, and the path by which peace was won long enough, to call for America's President to stay a way from the peace table during the most eventful crisis in the history of mankind, I find myself greatly inclined· to ask these gentlemen, in all good fellowship, if they have forgotten who is the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of this Republic? And I would like to kno\V if it is not the right and the duty of the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy to go where the Army and Navy have already · gone for the glory of the American flag and the battling legions of eternal right? [Applause.]

And I believe, too, that we face the <:hallenge of a new national vigilance for the proper guardianship of that red-blooded Amer­icanism which we champion to-day. Because I believe with Emerson that America is God's best national effort in behalf of the human race; because I believe that these American ideals should be kept pure and in-violate for all that they may mean to this Nation and humanity. !.believe that in the reconstruc­tion guardianship of the fruits of our 'fictory no friend of Pros­sian autocracy and no sympathizer with a godless and flagless Bolshevism should be allowed to set foot on American soil for a thousand years. This is not a narrow policy"; this is· simply a sane application of the doctrine of "safety fir t." And for the sake of this " safety first " I believe that the 10,000,000 aliens in this country who have been content to seek. their for­tunes under the protecting regis of the Amei·ican flag, but who ha-\e refused to be · assimilated by American ideals, should be dug up to the very last man and made to h."iss the American flag that protects them or go back to the lands from which they came. [Applau e.] .

Thoughtful men are everywhere agreed that despite our baptism of sorrow, in which so many stars of servi<:e have been turned into stars of gold, America and Americans emerge from their part in the greatest war of history infinitely richer in our subjective life and infinit-ely stronger in the affections of mankind than if we had stood aloof while freedom shrieked and democ­racy wept and died. We have had the birth of a new patriotism. Time was when we looked upon the Stars and Stripes as a beau­tifully decorated flag, fit only to be given to the breezes on the Fourtti of July; but now, since this flag has been dipped in human tears, drenched in human sorrow, and consecrated afresh by American blood, we look at our flag with a new devo­tion--often through " a mellow mist of tears ",-as the insignia of a Nation's hopes and the emblem, thank God, of freedom everywhere. We have had the birth of a new national sol­idarity. It can never again be "North" and "South," as it used to be. Four boys in khaki stood on the sidewalk one night· as I came down from my office in Atlanta. Throughout the war I have made it a rule, as many of you have done, to shake hands with soldiers on every side, and say to them, " I could not go to the front and :fight, my boy, but I can give a hanu­shake, wrapped up in a God bless you, to the· boy who went or was ready to go for me. I shake hands with you for yonr mother and your country and hope you will be a soldier of the cross as well as a soldier of the flag."

And may I turn aside to say just here, Mr. Speaker, that I know _ but one thing more beautiful in all the world than the American flag-; that is the American boy in uniform, who was willing to die to keep that flag floating over your home and mine. [Applause.] And I believe that the man who was " ready and r"ear~ng to go " is just as much a hero· in spirit as the man who went over the top.

But back to my boys on the sidewalk. "Where are you from? " I asked of one. " Georgia," was the reply. "And you? " I asked of the second. " Georgia," came the answer. ".And you?" I asked of No. 3. And with a voice as sharp as a knife blade he answered, "New York State." And the same answer came from No. 4. And then I put my arms around them all as near as I could and said : " This is one of the beautiful compensations that the war has brought-the sons of those that followed Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jack­son aild the sons of those that followed Grant and Sherman fighting side by side for one common flag and fraternizing to­gether in a happy quartette of beautiful faith and friendship."

This, 1\fr. Speaker, is the new Nation that we have · to-day. And the last capstone in the temple of our new national fellow­ship will be laid in wonder and in joy-the wonder of the on­looking world and the joy of the children of all the gallant soldiers of the sixties who fo.ught and fell on either side-when this Government shall declare that there shall be no longer any lines of cleavage between the loyal sons of "Uncle Sam "-that

· the same pension benefits shall be shared alike by the Blue an<l the Gray-for the fast-thinning lines of the soldiers . of the South, "grizzled, grand, and gray," have marched in unmur­muring loyalty for half a hundred years to the Treasury of the Nation and helped to -pay the pensions of their victorious brothers-yea, and have proven the limit of their tmfailing Americanism by giving their sons and their grandsons through two victorious wars on the altar, thank God, of our common flag. [Applause.] .

And we have brought out of the war another "Teat bles ing in the birth of a new world vision and fellowship, for we have learned that America can no more" draw her immaculate 1·obes aside" and live apart from the rest of the world than China could build a wall around herself and li>e without national stagnation and international death.

But if I were called on to pack within one sentence humanity's greatest victory as the result of-this war I would declare that it is a new discovery of the \alue of humanity itself. Through the weary centuries human life has be~n a chattel. A star­chamber session of kings and kinglets-a flip of a coin or a turn of the thumb-and nations, without warrant, without in­clination, and without consultation, have been thrown at each other's throats before the rising of another sun. That uay, thank God, is forever passed. And it is America's proud boast and her priceless heritage that she has helped to decree that never again shall small and helpless nations be changed over­night on the checkerboard of kings. But I believe, 1\fr. Speaker and gentlemen of the House, that the greatest compensation that has come to America's inner life has been the birth of a new unselfishness and a new spiritual power. "Others," "others," "others "-this is the new word in the American vocabulary. It has been written anew on the lintels of the American heart and on the burnished ceiling of the American sky. [Applause.]

The sweetest story that has com·e to me among all the won­derful stories of faith and heroism that the war has furnished was brought by a wounded soldier fresh from France. He told my friend, Dr. W. F. Powell, pastor of the First Baptist Church, of Asheville, of how a brave American boy had told him and his companions on the deck of the ship and around the camp fire ih France of his last day with his mother in America-how they went together to church and sat together at the Lord's table. Together they heard the minister say, again and again, " This is my body broken for you." And then that brave American mother said as her :first-born went away: "It is breaking my heart for you to go, my son, but it would break it worse, far worse, for you not to want to go. If you must die in freedom's cause, remember that your sacrifi.te is well pleasing to your Master, whose sacrificial death you commemorated to-day." Over the top the bra\e boy went, and was shot to pieces in no man's land, and was carried bleeding and dying to the emer­gency hospital, where Red Cross nurses and doctors supplied by your unselfish love bent O'fer him with tender ministries to the very gates of death. And when one of the doctors came into the death chamber he smiled through his t ears and said: "You can't tell me-l know that that Christian soldier saw his Savior face to face before he died. And casting his eyes on His broken and bleeding form he smiled like the <lawn of the heaven into which he was going, and said, 'Lord Jesus, this is my body broken for you.' "

Ah, men and women of America, rejoicing to-day in our blood-bought freedom, let us determine as individual units in our great new-born national fellowship, in oul' measurele s mission to the sons and daughters of men, that if our soldiers were ready to break their bodies for us uno for humanity let us be ready to break our purses and all our selfish ideals in order that America may be kept clean for them-for those who stagger back to us maimed or blind, reaching out their hands for encouragement from the Nation for which they offered their all. We have learned that if it required a ober soldier to :fight well it will require a sober citizen to live well, and this is America's new mission to the peoples who · have been set free. It was a high note, 1\Ir. Speaker, in the address of the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. MADDEN] when he declared that the cost of this war-this colossal task thrust upon an unpt·e­pared. and pacific Nation-is all forgotten in th~ glory of tl1e victory that has been won ; and to the sacred guardianship of the fruits of that. victory we pledge again on this National Memorial Day "oul' lives, our fortunes, and out· sacred honor."

'1919 . . ·CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. ~ 441

. · TW , Mr. Speaker, will be our most fitting, our most grate­. ful, memorial of our heroic sons whose deathless valor we

commemorate to-day ! [Applause.] l\lr. 1\IONDELL. 1\Ir. Speaker, I yield five minutes to the

gentleman from Illinois [Mr. MAsoN]. [Applause.] Mr. MASON. Mr. Speaker, I have been deeply stirred by

most eloquent remarks made by my colleagues on this Memorial Day. I know you will pardon me if to my mind there comes this thought-that the best way to honor the dead soldier is to pro­tect the living, to take care of those who have been left t<> us, and those who are dependent upon the soldiers who died. The pay envelope of the soldier will be much more useful to his family if it has in it some of the coin of the realm and it is not filled entirely with glOJ.·y. It is a beautiful thing and a due and proper thing to place flowers upon the graves of our dead, but it is up to the Congress of the United States in the next few weeks to provide flour and bacon and bread for the living. I trust it will not be improper to suggest on this sacred day the high duty t11at lies at the door of this Chamber to equalize and make just laws for those soldiers who have come back, to bring those back home who ought to be home, to hurry the con­firmation of the treaty of peace, that American soldiers may be brought back to American shores. In my city there are 600 women who have son. or husbands in Siberia. You can do no

··greater honor to the men who died for this country than to bring back those boys from the country to which they were not sent by order of the Congress of the United States.

One of my friends, Lieut. Alfred M. Barlow, who has just left the gallery, decorated by medals of honor for bravery, who lost a leg; under our present laws, although he was a farmer and can neTer work at it again-under the law of compensation fixed

. by Congress he will enjoy the magnificent income of $7.50 per month. He was a volunteer soldier. If a man in the Regular Army, of the same rank, met with the same misfortune he would draw fifteen times that amount for life. Let us correct some of these things; let us pledge ourselves on this Decoration D'ay to satisfy-the mothers of the boys who are buried over there. I know I realize the heroic desire to those who wish to educate the mothers that it is heroic ·to leave their sons' remains over tllere; but, 1\Ir. Speaker, human nature is the same tile world over. The mother's love wants her son's remains brought back. It lies at the door of thi Chamber to see to it that it is done, and that the son of the poorest mother ·shall have the same chance, and the same opportunity, and the same honor, of being brought back by his Government as the son of those more prosperous in life.

There are 10,000 questions pres ing upon us now; and may I not ask in this one minute that is given to me that we pledge ourselves within the splendid thought of my colleague who has just taken his seat and forget partisanship, forget everything but the actual debt that we owe to the loved and to the dead, and that the highest honor we can pa~ to the soldiers who made the sacrifice is to deal justly and fairly with the old Grand Army of the Republic, the Spanish War veterans, and the soldiers of this war who are left living with us? [Applause.]

1\fr. CLARK of Missouri. l\fr. Speaker, I yield five minutes to the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. G.A.RD].

Mr. GARD. 1\Ir. Speaker, I am an American, proud of my country, Hs past, its present, and its future, for I believe it is now and is destined to continue to be the gr~test force for good among all the Governments of the world. To-day we call from the mists of memory into the strong light of appreciation our reverence for the American soldier, living and dead, who has given of his service in order that liberty and justice might be preserv-ed to his fellow men.

This is Memorial Day, in which the beautiful custom of deco­rating with flowers the graves of our soldier heroes is observed.

From the Southland, after the Civil ·war, over grave of friend and erstwhile foe, first came this expression of floral tribntc and rapidly did spread until now there is not a village, hamlet, or countryside which does not participate in the celebration of this national holiday. This year Memorial Day has a much greater significance than ever before, for not only are the great transports on sea hurrying to bring home to their loved ones the young men who marched in battle array in lands across the sea in order that our great governmental institutions mi(Tht be preserved for us through all time and the sacred ri (J'hts of American citizens be so firmly · established that no ~onarch could question them even with the backing of powerful military forces, and in order that the very spirit of military oppres­sion be crushed, lest in the end it crush us, a great free people but also because overseas are sleeping in soil which should b~ ceded American territory the bodies of thousands of American boys who can never return to us in life, but whose &ervices will be cherished throughout all America so long as its history shall endure.

By these our national life bas been· made rich and its richness ~ loyalty, unselfishness, and sacrifice acknowledged by the na­tions . of the world. Wherever our flag flies to-day there are rejoicings and tears, but always appreciation for the gallant Ameri an man at arms who has never fought a fight in which he did not believe be was in the right. This for man nnd nation is the final accomplishment. [Applause.] •

Mr. MONDELL. 1\lr. Speaker, I yield 15 minutes to the "en-tleman from Illinois [Mr. FULLER]. o

1\Ir. FULLER of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, it is quite superfluous for me to say that I cordially indorse the sentiments expressed in these resolutions. I think we are all agreed that the thanks of Congress and of the country are justly clue to those who car­ried our flag to victory across the sea, and to all those at home, here or elsewhere, who aided in achieving the great victory over autocratic power and the rule of force. It is to be hoped that never again can the peace of the world be overthrown or ruthlessly assailed by an outlaw nation.

It is quite appropriate that to-day, in these exercises the dis­tinguished gentleman who now occupies the chair as' Speaker pro tempore, Hon. RoYAL C. JoHNSON, should preside over this meeting, foe he affords a striking example of the patriotic young men of America who gladly offered all for the honor and glory of the American. flag. He gave up his seat in Con­gress to go out and take his chance as a private soldier and won deserved promotion from the ranks by reason of his splendid service, and we are all glad to-day that his constituents at .home in his absence recognized his service and returned him to his seat in Congress. All honor to such as be; all honor to the young heroes of to-day whom we are endeavor­ing to decorate with flowers--<>f oratory. [Applause.]

I feel that there is little that I can say that will add anything to what is embodied in these resolutions and what has already been said more eloquently than I could hope to say it in favor of the unanimous adoption of the resolutions; but I am reminded that to-day is Memorial Day, a day sacred to all soldiers, living and dead, of every war, and wherever they may be, or wherever they may sleep in sacred ground. I just noticed sitting in front of me a little while ago the kindly face of our much-loved Chaplain of the House, who served as a private -soldier in the great Civil War from 1861 to 1865. I thought I saw, from his expression, that hrs mind reverted, as mine did, back to those dayf3 of the Civil War, when, in answer to the call of Father Abraham, the young men of the North rallied to the support of the flag and gladly volunteered to risk- their all for the preserva­tion of the Union under the Constitution. I know our Chaplain was thinking that this ~~s Memorial Day, given over orginally, after the close of the CIVIl War, to decorating the graves of the Union soldiers who fell in defense of the flag. He was thinking of his comrades of the days gone by who had crossed over to the other shore and who bad pitched their tents on the shores of that land from which none ever return.

Memorial Day was first established by proclamation of the then commander of the Grand Army of the Republic in 1868 the g:;nant soldier and ,statesman, John A. Logan, who called ~pon lus comrades to assemble that year and each succeeding year f?r the pm·pose of decorating with the choicest flowers of spring­trme the graves of those who had given up their lives that the Republic might live.

It is now more than 50 years since the close of that great war tbnt established for all time the doctrine that the United States is a Kation, one and indivisible, and able to maintain itself as a great independent Nation among the nations of the earth under the Constitution established by the forefathers. While I fully agree to the well-deserved thanks of the Congress and the people to .the young heroes of the recent war, and while I agree that nothmg we can say or do is too good for them, yet I would not forget, and we must not forget, what we owe to the old heroes of the Civil War, who are facing to-day the sunset of life but who in the years agone, before most of the Members of this House v;·ere born, carried the flag of this country to victory on many a hard-fought battle ground and saved and perpetuated this American Union. 'Vhat does Decoration Day mean to 1.1s?

WHAT DOES IT MEA~ TO YOU?

What does it mean, this marching past Of a few old men who arc bent and grave?

You have heard of the host that was proud and vast And you see the banners that brightly wave · You have heard men glibly extol the brave '

Who endeared the Gray and honored the Blue ; You have heard of the cause that was lost anu won, But what is the lesson you teac11 your son

And what is the meaning of this to you? '

What does it mean, this trudging by Of a few old men who will cease ere Ion~

To march to the graves where the:ir comrades lie Or to hear the cheers of tbe careless throng? But what is the lesRon your son has Jearueu

.And what is the meaning of this to yo:J? '

·,,4 .,4_0 ·~ , .. ~-OONGRESSI{}N AL ~RECORD-~OUSE. l\IAY 30,

·They oitered all that the brave'lllay give, Where the £elfish ·prey ~ap.d the -timid pause ;

Dearer to them than· the right--to live Was the riJ1ht to die in tbeir country's cause ! The crowd lS granting ftem its applause,

Thinking that thus they receive their due; They have given much and have not complained' But what is the lesson your son has gained,

And !Vha t is the eaning to you?

What is the meaning to us of this Memorial Day that is being celebrated to-day in every city, town, and hamlet over the length and breadth · of t:Q.e land, and wherever the soldiers of the Re­public may lie, sleeping their last long sleep, eithm· in the soil ·of the land for which they died, or across the sea •where they ' ought and died in the cause of humanity ; for more than ·50,000 of our brave young men, the flower of the land, are sleeping to-

,.. day beneath ·the sod of a foreign land, where they .made the su­,-preme sacrifice? The meaning to me ·is just this, that, in the •language of Abraham Lincoln, " :government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth." . [Ap-

jplause.] And, Mr. Speaker, I •would add 'to that, for the purpose of .making it more explicit so fnr as we in this country .are con­-cerned, so that it would read : Government of the people of the United States, government for the people of the United States, and government by the people ·of the United States, shall not perish from the .earth. [Applause.]

_This is our country, established upon tlle doctrine tllnt the people themselves are sovereign and have the absolute and undisputed right to dictate the -form of their own -government .an d to maintain tlle same W'ithout foreign interference, •holding friendly ·relations with the peoples of ·all the earth, but enter­ing into no entangling alliances with foreign powers, whose governinents and lnterests are_not the same as ours. I have no

'Utopian -.dreams of .a great ·mternntionnl government that shall control ~and dictate the 1affairs of this American Republic. I

~.would .nat, if .I co.uld hn e -my way, gi:ve .my con ent under any :citc.umstan-ces whatever to delegating to .a coterie of self-elected 'men sit ting around a table in .some gilded palace ·across the r:Atlnntic ·any single sovereign :right that · belongs exclusively to :the people of the United States. The independence of this ··country.;was achieved by our forefathers through Y€ars of sacri­ffice and war. It was .maintained at the •cost of the blood and ·t reasure of our people in the Civil War. I would not yield that !independence, ·no matter what it might cost to maintain it i.n the future. I am an American fu: t and all the time, · ~d I believe in the American people and .in their right to self­·government -without the -aid or con ent of any other nation -on earth; and I believe that the will and the wishes of the Ameri­.c.an people - should in the future, as in the past, contr-ol the 'destinies of this Nation.

Fifty-four years ago tllis m011th, after the close of the .great Oivil War, this city·:witnessed the...:gr.eatest pm;ade that has ever pas ed down historic PennsylYnnia.Avenue, when our -victorious soldiers of the Armies of the .Tennes ee and of Georgia, 200,000 strong, ·marched down the A em1e in the great re,~iew before President Johnson and .Gen. Grant :and -other famous men of the· Nation, The victory had been won; the Union had beau

lmaintained ; rebellion ..had been crushed ; hut in the ftush of :victary ·there was grief profound that so .many -of the .comrades

1_of the .marchers had made the supreme sacrifice and yielded up their lives on the battle fields of the South and that the great

1 emancipator, Abraham Lincoln, had passed over to the otller (shore only a ·little while ..before that historic and victorious fparade. On that occasion a .great banner was hung across tile .front of this Oapitol13uilding, .and on it ·was this inscription:

'The ·only :national debt we ea.n never pay is the d ebt w e owe the victorious Union soldiers. ·

To-day ·I repent that the only -national debt we can ;never pay . is the debt .we owe to the gallant soldiers, sailors, and marines ' of past wars, as well ns to those of the -recent World War, the "young heroes who have add~d new luster to tlle American flag, 1 and who on foreign soillmve carried that flag to victory and ·. gloriously upheld American ideals. I most sincerely hope that . there may never be another 'World War or another occasion when the young men of this land may be called -upon to offer up their lives in the cause of humanity or in defense of our liberties and our institutions. We must not forget that we have certain duties to perform here _at :home, nd ,one of these duties that devolves upon us, the representatives of the Ame1ican people, is to see now and for all -time to come that 110 man who risked his life .and his all .for the cause of his country shall ever suffer want. [Applnu e.] In t he words of Abraham Lincoln, we should keep constantly in mind our duty " to care for him wll.o shall ll.nve borne the battle, and for his ;widow and his orphan." We can not'pay this debt .to .the heroes of this war or of any war all nt on e ; it will extend, of necessity, through

years of :time,,...and ·so long •as the lust one of the country's de­;fenders r emains .alive. ·But it is a •duty that we should ever have in mind, and we should -give particular thought and ·care now, not .alone t o our •returning heroes of the late war, but a lso to the veterans of .the Spanish War and their widows and or ­-phans, rand tcrthe old heroes of the Oivil War in their declining years, and to the widows of those w.ho hn ve passed a way. This is a sacred duty ·devolving upon Congress, and I believe that i t 'Will be faithfully met.

We are glad to honor the young men who are now returning from across the-sea to reenter the ordinary civil pursuits which they left ·when they .answered their country's call . . Out in my own State of Illinois -this J1as been a memorable week, for the Prairie Division has just returned, ·covered W'ith honor and glory from its -sen·ice in France, ·and the people nre extending to them a .heartfelt and cordial welcome. They have served their country with honor and distinction, and the people of that State welcome them home with open arms, tinged, however, with sadness for some -who bear the scars and wound of battle .and for others 'vho went away in the flush and strength of man .. hood but -who \'i1ll ·return no more.

.Another event of note occurTed in my own home to\Vll this .week, when the surviving member of the old Fifteenth llegi­ment .Illinois Volunteer I.nfMliry held their annual reunion. These ·reunions have been held e e1·y year on tlle date when that regiment was mustered into the .service, May 24. A few -years ago there were usually several .hundred survivors of that regi­ment nt their annual retmion. This week tllere were only 21 of all that number alive and able to be present. And so -every­w.p.ere the ranks of that grand .army of the Union are .being depleted 'year by year, and it will be but a few years before the l~st one will have fought his la t battle and gone to join llis comrade on the .golden hOl'eS of tlle Tew Jerusalem. 'Their places will be filled by the urnvors of the late war, who, fol­lowing the example of their sires, will no doubt by their future course win in civil life as they thave in tlleir country's service th~ plaudits 1and approval of all, and I trust that they .will see to it tba t the liberty and independence of this r:rea.t country .shall be .perpetuat ed and continue fore-ver and forever;

.1 wish here to express more specifically than do the pending .resolutions my O"Wn appreciation-and I know every •Member of this .House will feel the same way-of the splendid cooperation .of the women of America in their vohmtary ervice in promoting the comfort Ulld well~being of our oldier , sailors, and marines during .the late war; to tlle Red Oro s nur e and workers, to all those wllo .gnye their time and tl.l.eir services, freely and patriotically tlley are de erving of all 1)ra:ise. The good they accomplisllcd rwas beyond price, and they, one and all, -who so .ser-ved. justly· deserve the special thanks of the Nation.

And. now Jn closin..,. ..I wish to say one word. more .for the old veteTans of the Civil War and for the wiclo'\Ys of those w.b.o have fought tlle last battle .and passed oYer to the great beyo11d. .They are :all, or ,very nearly all, past .the allotted age of man. l\fany of them are dependent upon ille .pensions granted by a grateful Government for the services rendered in the country's time of need. In many cases the pensions now granted are not sufficieut to furnish them with the .ordinary necessities of life. This country is great and rich .and powerful. It -sho_uld do full justice to these old men and women. Their numbers are gro.wing less -every .day that passes . . Unvor, and I .hope .Congress will favor, a minimum pension of $130 11er month to every surviv­ing veteran ef that war, and of $30 per month to every widow of a Civil War veteran. That woula about close the chapter as to Civil War• pensions, and I hope this Congre s willtakesuc.hac:tion. ·

BuLmy time has expired, nnd_I think perhaps I have suggested quite eno_ugh for the time being, and will only say in closing that to-day we have for our lleroic oldiers, sailors, and marines of nll -wars but one entiment:

[Applause.]

Cheers for the living, Tears for the dead !

Mr. CLARK .of .lUissouri. l\Ir. Speaker, I yield .10 minutes to the gentleman.from Oklahoma [l\1r. McKEowN].

l\lr. McKEOWN. .Mr. Speaker and _gentlemen of the Honse, a nation without it heroes or a nation without traditions will .be a.nation withoutll.istory·-a.nd without ideals. It is as a dream "When we think .back .but .11. few .months ago, .after the declara­tion .of wa.r, '\Then the Congress was called upon to _pass the selective-..draft Jaw, when, after the great drawing had taken place here m Washington, we saw America's -young manhood answe1·ing the call of their country. They went with the deter­mination to .accomplish the purpose for :\Yllich they _hncl been selected. They ,went without fear of tbe re tllts. I stood ,and -watched tb.em ns they gathert:>d at the station . There were

1919. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 443 heart-rending scenes. I saw the wife cling to the parting hus- These divisions are returning to America, anc:l the anxious banc:l. I saw little children kissing the father good-by. _ I fathers and mothers of Oklahoma ·and Texas are counting the saw them as they loaded onto the train and I saw it as it sped hours until their returning sons will cross their thresholds and away from the station. I saw the waving of hands, an~ in be at home again. The parents and loYed ones of those who many instances it was a fond farewell; it was the last wave of were .left sleeping in the soil of France are bravely choking the hand. We hearc:l them in this Capital as they came troop- their sobs of anguish and checking their tears of sorrow. ing through, with the enthusiasm of youth. We heard them To these latter our hearts go out in this hour of their bereave­yelling their hurrahs as they went through this city by the ment, but in it all and through it all we can see a brighter side. thousands, h·ainload after trainload. Members of this House I can hear the persuasive voice of Henry Clay saying: heard them through the midnight hours, in the morning's dawn, They were fighting a great moral battle for the benefit not only of as they were rushing to the seaboard to take passage across the their country but of all mankind. The eyes of the whole world wer.e sea. We saw them at the ports of embarkation a.s they marched fixed upon them. down and went aboard the transports, and-to thousands of them And the overpowering eloquence of Daniel 'Vebster declaring: it was a stranl!e experience. Coming from the far interior of They consecrated their work to the sphit of national independence,

~ and that they wished that the light of peace might rest upon it forever. this great Republic, it was tlle first time many of them bad They went, as Americans, to mark a spot which must forever be dear to ever looked upon the briny waters of the Atlantic Ocean. It them and their posterity. · was a new experience to them as they went aboard ship for the In my dreams I can see them cfressed in glorious garments, first time, and I imagine there were heart throbs experienced as wearing garlands on their brows. I can see them listening to they looked out upon the ocean, as they passed out of the harbor, the songs of the birds amid beautiful trees. I can see them and looked perhaps for the last time upon the Statue of Liberty lying down on beds of roses listening to the music of falling in the harbor of New York. The hearts of the American fathers waters, and in the harmony of human voices I hear these words, and mothers went with them through their perilous journey, "Blessed are they who cUe for their country." and watched as the days went by to see if they had arrived Mr. Speaker, among the 70 ·men who were awarded the con­safely across, and the anxious fathers and mothers of the gressional honors out of the 2,000,000 American soldiers in country waited, for the card which came back to say that they France, 3 of these were awarded to Oklahoma men. had landed safely in France: They were Samuel l\I. Sampler, of Mangum, Okla. ; Lieut.

To-day the mothers and fathers of the boys who sleep in France George P. Hays, of Okarche, ·okla.; and Corpl. Harold L. have a peculiar lonely feeling. Theirs is that feeling that can be Turner, of Semi:nole, Okla; It is with great pride that I men­only felt by the father and mother who have given up their tion the name of Corpl. Turner, because he is one of Seminole offspring forever. This morning's sun shed its beams upon County's boys who fought along with her other sons in Com-60,000 lonely homes in America and thousands upon thousands pany F, of the One hundred and forty-second Infantry. Many of our Allies. There never was in the minds of the American of his companions lie buried near St. Ettienne, alongside the people any doubt as to the outcome of the conflict. There was heroic sons of Lincoln County. It is there that the gallant never any doubt as to what was to be the final outcome of this Harrison and brave Matheny fell leading their men to victory war. It did not make Americans tremble to see the reports of in the face -of tremendous odds. the onward advance of the Huns. America had fought before Their mute and silent resting places are marked by little under great disadvantages and had fought under great trials wooden crosses, typifying that Christian civilization for the and difficulties, but never since this Republic has been founded preservation of which they died. has it been the lot of these God-fearing people to go down into In the words of Annette Kohn, let me conclude: defeat. It has bee~ given to us to hear aboye the battle roar "In Flanders fields, where poppies blow," the scream of the American eagle proclaiming victory. / In France, where beauteous roses grow,

No poor word of min uttered ·here can do any gooc:l to the There let them rest-forever sleep-While we eternal vigil keep soldiers who have "gone west." No poor words of mine in I With our hearts' love, with our souls' prayer, eulogy can do the living soldier any good. The only way for For all our fallen "over there." American Congressmen to show their real true appreciation of The morning sun will guild with light, The stars keep holy watch at night, the American soldier who has won this war is to walk up like The winter spread soft pall of snow, men and yote for legislation that will do them substantial good. The summer flowers about them grow, We have had enough of words already. [Applause.] The The birds sing their sweet springtime call-fathers and mothers of these soldiers made great sacrifices, ·and God's love and mercy gl.!Urd them all. as was said by the distinguished gentleman from Alabama [Mr. l\lr. l\lONDELL. l\Ir. Speaker, I yield 10 minutes to the gen-IIEFLIN], we must look to the kind of men their fathers were to t.leman from Indiana [l\Ir. Woon]. know the kind of men and soldiers they are. One of the things l\lr. WOOD of Indiana. l\Ir. Speaker and gentlemen of the that has touched me deeply since. t}lis war has closed has been House, throughout tlle length and breadth of this land to-day the fact that two sons of two distinguished Americans met in St. everywhere-Louis to organize a l!reat legion-the son of that illustrious man, We will scatter flowers of kind remembrance

~ Over the graves of our heroic dead, Theodore Roosevelt, one of America's greatest citizens, and the And burnish bright on memory's tablet · son of our beloved minority leader, ex-Speaker CHAMP CLARK. The cause for which their blood was shed. These two men have joined together to uplift the American This beautiful memorial observance was initiated at the close soldier and to bring his cause to the attention of the American of the late Civil War for the purpose or' decorating the graves people. l\fr. Speaker, there seems to be some little rivalry or and revering the memory of those who fell in that con1lict and envy now since the war is over as to who played the most im- has grown in popularity with the passing years anc:l has been portant part. Time will efface all of that. At pres~nt in the extended in scope until all those who h_ave fallen or died in all Army there is rivalry as to who should have this position or 1 the wars in which our country has participated are likewise that position, and there are bitter feelings here and yonder in honored and reyered upon this sacred day. Throughout this individual cases, but time will efface it all, for the ti.JUe will come eastern country, in hamlet and in city cemeteries as welJ, in this country when the proudest boast of its citize1. 'Ship will be wherever rests the remains of a R evolutionary soldier or a uttered in the words "l\Iy father was a member of th3 A. E. F." soldier of the 'Var of 1812, notwithstanding the fact tllat all

It will be the proud boast of the young men of America in the of their comrades anc:l relatives, too, have passed beyond, some the future. Gentlemen, let me say that no monument that can one places a laurel wreath in token of a loving memory. Like­be carved by the sculptor of Parian marble, no image that can wise in far-away Mexico, where our blood was shed for the be wrought by the cunning hand of genius, will be sufficient to benefit of a greater America and tlle extension of our civilization record ::tntl perpetuate the memory ~f these men. ·They do not upon this continent, there, too, is reverence paid by some gentle need it. They have already erected m the hearts of the Ameri- and loving hand. Likewise to tllose who fell in the Civil 'Var can people-not alone America, but in the hearts of all well whether they sleep amid the northern pines or rest beneath t he' and right thinking people in the world-a monument to their greensward of the southern valley, some loving hand ·pays a bravery, to their dauntless courage, to theiL· self-sacrifice, that tribute there this day. And so with tho~e who fell in the \Var will live on and on and will Hve when time shall be no ·more with Spain anc:l in our various Indian wars. Now a new and and their long sleep is ended when the trump shall call us to greater significance is added to this sacred day, but what a the judgment bar. [Applause.] mockery it will be in the years to come unless some affirmative

In the great c:lrarna of the war the illustrious sons of Okla.- action is taken by this Congress to see to it that those who rest horna played their parts with such marked courage and bravery in tlle far-away land of l!..,rance are brought back for their final as to not only reflect great credit upon the n~w Commonwealth rest here at home. One of tlle sacrec:l promises which was but won the admiration of the braye men of the world. made by this Government, tllat was made upon tllis floor and

The greater portion of the Oklahoma troops were in the upon the floor of the other body, was that when this war was Thirty-sixth and Ninetieth Divisions. Both divisions saw heavy over and when this world strife should cease that the remains fighting, and b9th suffered many casualties. of those boys who fell in action should be brought back to their

CONGRESSIOT AL RECORD--~- HOUSE·. • several homes. I know it .has· been stated by many that' this I haTe- seen in the county where r reside, whose people hav~

should not be done; that it will be a gruesome and1 unpleasant followed the fortunes of the Pennsylvania troops trained in task; but even if this be true, it should not prevent our fulfill- ! t1ie adjacent city of Augusta, Ga., at Camp Hancock, with an ment of promise and duty. · interest second only to the interest evinced in the troops of our

Many will agree·with Theodore Roosevelt and his good wife own State, and at Spartanburg, s: C., where the people have when they said, "Let the tree remain where- it ~lls"; but ever· shown an affecf!.onate interest in the welfare of the New there are thousands and thousands of mothers- ilL thig country York division, which was tr-ained at Camp WadSworth, near who can not subscribe to such a sentiment as that, and our Spartanburg. promise so sacredly made then should be as sacredly carried To-day the people of the Soutll join the pmple of all other

·out now. [Applause.] By reason o:t a law enacted by France ' sections in paying- tribute to the American solrtl:-ar , wherever he years and years ago it is absolutely impossible to take and ' hails from, the living and the dead. But, my friend~ while pay­exhume a body of any of our soldiers who were buried in ing tribute to the American soldier it is only natm.al ~hat refer-

' France and bring them out of that country, and unless that I ence has· been mad~ by Members to the achievem~ntlil of the law is changed tho e boys who are buried on French soil will · soldiers from their respective States. have to remain over the1·e. Diligent endeavor ~?-as been made On this day our thoughts naturally revert to home, to those by those ih authority in our Gove1~nment to see 1f some modifi- people whose- lives form so intimate a part of our own U~Vcs

1

1 catio~ o~· repeal of this unrea~~nable law m~y be _had, but up and who ~o-day either rejoice at the safe return of somt lt-ved to·this time the French authorities have remru.ned like adamant one or grieve that he will never return. To-day the Eighty­and refused absolutely to change it by either repeal or modifi- first Division, composed of Soutli Carolinians; is on the · sea. ~ cation. I can not believe that that country, for which this eoun- share the joy of those who anticipate an early reunion with try gave so much, will much longer persist in the observance loved ones serving in that division, and my heart goeg out in of this law. I appeal to the mothers of France, I appeal to the sympathy· to those who know that though their sons left homo

, fathers of France, I appeal to all those in authority there to with that division they will not return, that their bodies rest remember that upon this side of the sea there ar.e hearts that in the cemetery at Romagne, in the Argonne Fore t, where this are aching like those that are aching: upon that side. To-day division in· the closing days · of the war won imperishable glory

. , throughout that country those who are living. can go to the for itself and for American arms. little green spots that sepulcher: their loved ones. and in a.. : The sons of. South Carolina. went with another division, the measure appease their anguish. The fathers- and mothers· in Th.iJ.:tieth, com-nosed of" National Guard troops of Tennessee, America. who so freely gave theil~ sons a.re entitled· to have North Carolina, and South Carolina, and as lbng. as bravery

' that same holy privilege, and I think there is nothing that we and gallantry excite the admirn.tion of men and women, so can do that would add more ~o our respect for the living and long will song and story tell of the- achievements of- that divi­the dead than to pledge ourselves to-day to· the. fathers and sion. fu the fn.rtunes of war to this division was assigned the mothers of this:_ country that we will see to it' tha thetr boys- duty of' attacking the ID.ndenburg:- line in the early fall of

1 are brongllt back. and, if necessary, that some: affirmative 1918. Brigaded• with the veteran troops of A.ustr:alla they ; action is taken by the Congress- o.t: the United States: to1 direct wen:t into that most sanguinary· conflict with a.n enthusiasm , the attentioiL of. France. tQ the. duty that she- owes not onry to and courage that won the admiration and· the nlandits of the ,herself but-to this-country and the world, to remove·the obstacle ' English Army: '\Vith machine gun and' cannon in front of · that now stands in the way. n wa.s coming upt the:: AYenue them, with death•dealing: aircraft- above tliem, and exploding the other day and I met a funeml cortege. 1 sup-posed from ' mines beneath them, into bq.ttle they went And the spirit of the appearance of the troop of Ca..valry that wa.s with it and ' Lee liovered over th-em and the- life of- Jackson inspired tl:i:em from the coffin draped with the Stars-and Stripes that they were as they threw themselves into the conflict and' smashed fn1: the carrying with military honors so:me soldier boy- of ours to his. :first iline the presumably im]Jregnab IDndenburg lirre. last resting place. L s-oon:. dlsrulvere~ hnwever; that it was-; . Mr; Speaker; r recently wrote.. to tlie War Department and a soldier son of Italy kiLled. in. a.n accident irr Ohio. His re- a.ske.d. for a list of the: soldiers to whom there- had been awarded

~mains rested at Arlington: until the war was· over and oppor- , the· congressional medal of honor. This is the highest honor tunity could be afforded to have his remains taken back to the that can be- bestowed upon an' American soldi ·. I hold that land that gave him birth. They- should be just as respectful list in. my hand an<I it shows that while- we hnd in France at of our desires and. our rfghts oyer there. and see to it that the • the time• of tlie signing of the armistice· 2,000,000 men, only 70

·remains of the boys who did so much for them and the world were a warded the congressional medal of honor. This list are brought back to this country of ours, so that when these gives not only the name but the' organization and· home address

·observances occur in the years tu come that those who gave of our heroes, and I know that my· colleagues will pardon my them may go to their several resting places and pay the hom- expression of joy when I state that it sliows that out of. the age that their glorious deeds and sacrifice has entitled' each 70 medals awarded the American A.nny 6 were awarded to and all of them to receive. [Applause.] sons 0~ South Carolina, who served. in. the Ohe hundred. and

Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Sneaker, r: yie-ld 10 minutes to eighteel1th Infantry, Thirtieth Division, a greater mlmber than the gentleman frorrLSoutlLCaro.llnru. [Mr. BY.RNll~&]. [Applause.] was~ awa-rded. to any- other re~nt in the serrtcu of the Gov-

l\1r. BYRNES of South Carolina. Mr. Speaker, in previous ernment. [Applause.J years-this· day was not very gen:eraJ.ly observed in the- Stmlli. In The names of those six men I shall read to the Hou e : the Southern States another day is' set apart' for memorial' exer- James C. Dozier; first lieutenant, Company G, One bundl-ed cises, when the loyal women of' the South decorate the graves· of and eighteenth Infantry; home address, 524' Asnafrel Street, the her.oes of the Confederacy and decorate also , the gr{lves- of Rock: Hill, S. C. those Union soldiers whose bodies we-re not remov.ed from the I' Richmond a Hilton, sergeant, Company M, One hundred and South.to national cemeteries. On the day I left my home in Aiken, eighteenth Infantry; home address, Westville, . C. & C., L noticed in the Baptist churchyard the graves of Union Gary Evans Foster, sergeant; Company F, One hundred. and soldiers covered with :flowers, placed ther~- on the day previous eighteenth Infantry ; home address, Inman, S. C. by the Daughters· of the Confederacy. And, my triemts, I am John C. Villanigue, corporal, Company M, One hundred and told by the distinguished gentleman: from Iowa, .Judge ToWNER, eighteenth Infantry; home address, 1517 Lyttleton Street, that it was such. action on the part of the women of tl1e South a Camden, S. U few years after the war that gave to Gen. Logan the inspiration James D. Heriot (deceased), corporal, Company I, One hun­to initiate the movement to have this day, 1\lay 30, set a-part ru; dred and eighteenth Ihfn.ntry; home address, R. F. D. 1, Provi­the Memorial -Day for the Nation. But while there has hereto- dence, S. C. fore been no general observance of this day in Lhe· Soutn, I Thomas Lee Hall,. sergeant, Company G, One hundred and Imow that this· year it has a new significance fur the people en eighteenth Infantry; home address, R. F. D. 4, Fort Mill, S. C. that section, for during the past year the sons of tlie South! in 1\:Iy friends, I do not recite· these facts to disparage the common with the sons of the North have paid' the supreme· sac- achievements of other divisions or organizations of the Army. ri:fice in the service of the United States Government. ro-d.ay There is glory enough for all, a.nd the success of any unit of' the the thoughts of the American people are across the sea at the Army is the success of the American neople. But I recite these cemeteries-of Romagne, Thiacourt, and Le Cartelet, where sleep· facts that they may be recorded ilL the CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD the sons of America who died that we might live, and the Jiearts 1 and that the House and the country may know tfi.at these sons of the American people are with tllose on this side of the sea qf South Carolina, carrying_ into battle that flag against which who grieve for loved ones who wili never return. their fatliers fought half a century ago, by their sacrifice demon-

Out: of this cruel war this good will come, that this · Nation strated' their devotion to this reunited country, and by their gal­will be united as never before, united not only-by_ c..mstitutional lantry arui.b.ravery won the undying admiration of the people ot provisions, but united by the tie that binds-by-the-blood..orour South... caroli..na. and, l , hope, of the people of America. [Ap. boys shed in a common cause. Evidence of this reunited spirit plause.]

1919. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 445

1\Ir. MONDELL. 1\Ir. Speaker, I yield 10 minutes to the gen­tleman from Iowa [1\Ir. SWEET].

1\lr. SWEET. Mr. Speaker and gentlemen of the House, with­out disparagement to the soldiers of other count~ies, I do .not believe that I am going too far when I say that the war JUSt closed has demonstrated that the AmeTican soldier is without a peer in the annals of warfare.

When the L1tsitania was sunk and American lives were lost the question naturally arose, Will the people of this country resent with force this unwarranted attack upon innocent babes, defenseless women, and noncombatant men of neutral nations? When American right were being violated and disregarded by a ruthless submarine TI"Urfare; when the institution of our time and the civilization of our age were confronted by an armed monster whose armies were endeavoring to overrun all Europe and subjugate its people; when terrorism seemed to grip the souls of the strongest men; when the American Congress on April 6, 1917, decla.red war against the Imperial German Gov­ernment the question trembled on the lips of every lover of democracy and liberty, \Vill the great Republic defend itself? Will it stand true to its traditions and protect the rights of its citizens on land and ea? Can the peOl)le of a republic habitu­ated to the avocation of peace antl the teachings of Christianity be arou ed from a lethargy of profound indifference to take part in a war 3,000 miles away and build a fighting machine that would be the equal of or superior to the rrreatest fighting machine the world has eYer seen? In short, cnn a ~owrnment of the people, by the people, and for tl.Lc people meet tllis tile supremest tes~ .or the ages? What is the answer?

Uncle Sam, like a mighty giant, awoke as from a troubled di--e..'lm, rubbecl his <lro\\Sy eyes for a moment, straightened to full height, and gir<led his loins for the contest, \Vhile the .fires of righteou. indignation rage<l within his bosom and. -shook con­vulsi-rely his majestic frame. Sublime manifestn.tions of an un­conquered and unconquerable spirit! Indifference vanished, uebating ceased, lmity of thought and purpose became the \vatch­rrord of the hour. The time for action was .at hand. · The people of tbe United States-the children of liberty, the

di ciples of Washington and Lincoln-marshaled their hosts and resources. When tile Nation demandecl olcliers we behold them coming from every :Middlesex village and farm ; from the work hop, the counter, and the bar; from the hovel on the hill­side an{} the mansion on the square ; from tlle cotton field.s of the South, the great pra.iries of the \Vest, and from New Eng­land's historic hills. We behold them as they cro 3,000 miles of sea infested with sulllnarines. We behold them upon the gory fields of that great war. We are \Yith them at Chateau­Thierry, Vaux, Belleau Wood, St. l\Iihiel, and the Argonne Forest. "We are with them in the trenche running red with blood, in the whirlwind of the charge, where men become iron with nerves of steel.'~ We will never know what they sufferea and endur d; we "ill never fully realize the prh·ations that they underwent and the perils that they encountered until vic­tory came.

We committed the flag of "the Republic to their c:ire and keep­ing, on foreign soil, and all that it represents-the flag that had never knoi·n defeat. They brought it back to us in honor, with­out a stain llpon its folds, and in a blaze of glory. [Applause.] They demonstrated that a free people can and will defend them­selves when the principle of their institutions arc jeopardized and the· rigllts of the citizens are unjustly assailed. They settled the greatest question of all time in faYor of the stability and per­petuity of free institutions. It is now an e tablished fact that a nation conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal can and \\ill maintain itself ag::tinst all enemies, foreign and domestic.

When the war began the American soldier was an unknown quantity in Europe. When the war was over an admiring world paid homage to his daring, his perseverance, his initiative, and his courage. Before the war they said he would not fight. After the war they said there was nothing he could not fight. They said we could not transport an army across 3,000 miles of sea. We did. They said we could not feed 1,000,000 men in Europe. \Ve fed 2,000,000 men in Europe, an<l a part of the time the armies of those associated with us. They said our soldiers could not stand up against the trained soldiers of Ger­many. We answered that challenge by annihilating the Prus­sian Guards, the fiO\ver of the German Army. [Applause.]

When we entered the war the monarchies of Germany and Austria-Hungary were in the ascendancy. When the war closed the thrones ·of Europe were tottering to their fall and their rulers w.ere fugitives from ju tice, fleeing in disgui e and dis­grace from the lrrath and scorn of their own subjects anu the hate and execration of an infuriated and outraged world.

Instead of monarchies we behold the formation of republics.

Instead of the downtrodden and oppressed we behold faces beaming with the hope of better days to come.

Instead of militaric:;m we behold men returning to the avoca­tions of peace. We behold the spirit of freedom, with its gentle and impartial h.and, marking out 1!be nations of the world.

\Ve behold the principles of government for which Washington and Lincoln contended b·iumphant among the sons of men. [Ap­plause.]

Tbe American soldier ! He bas honored us ; may we honor him. We must never forget tho e who fought in tllis Great War.

[AlJPlause.]

~he tumult and the shouting dies-The captains and the h'ings depart-

Still st::wcls thine ancient sacrifice, An humble and a contrite .heart.

Lord God of l:Iosts be witll us yet, Lest we forget-lest we forget.

:Air. CLARK of l\Iissouri. Mr. Speaker, I intended to yield 10 minutes to the gentleman from California [l\1r. LEA], but it seems he is not here. I suppose 11-e is coming later. I now y1eld 10 minutes to the gentleman from Colorado [Mr. TAYLOn].

The SPEAKER pro tempore. Tile gentleman from Colorado is recognized.

1\fr. TAYLOR of Colorado. Mr. Speaker, as I listen to the splendid ad{l.resses hP.re to-uny, e:xcepti.onally eloquent aud patriotic, there recurs in my mind the immortal :address of our martyred Pre ident, Abraham Lincoln, on the battle field of Gettysbm·g : ·

The world will little know, "Dor long remembet:, what we say here. But as long as the lmmau race endures upon this planet hu­

manity will gratefully remember what .our A.merican boys ilid during this war. [Applause.]

'rhis is tlle greate t Memorial Day in all th-e history of our country, and it is exceptionally iitting for the Congre.ss of the United States to hold this memorial seryice -on this Memorial Day. Personally, I have felt for many months tllat we were ·a little derelict in uot holding these exercises oon.er. I inh·ouuced a resolution last September (H. Con. ltes. 52) proriding for a memorial session of this kind by both the Senate and Hou e; but there seemed to be no sui table opportunity to consider it during that session or during the short se sion last winter.

You may all know that the English Government for hundreds of years has at the close of every war held a memorial session of the British Parliament. During this war they decided that owing to the sublime courage of her sons, the frightful ~asual­ties, and the barbarous natm·e of the enemies' atrocities it w.as appropriate to hold memorial services earlier and not wait for the close of the war. So, on the 29th of October, 1917, the Brit­ish Parliament he1d a memorial session to express the Empire's gratitude and commemorate the distinguished services and llero­i m of the British Army and Navy.

'l'he little party of 10 Congressmen, of which I was one, who were tile fiTst to visit the western front, in October and Novem­ber, 1917, were honored by being given reserved seats on the floor of Parliament to listen to those memorial exercises, and we heard that marvelously eloquent -memorial address of PTemier David Lloyd-George, which will go down in history us one of the greatest addr.es e ever delivered in the world. It was in that speech that he paid that magnificent tribute to the aviators as e. the ca-valry of the cloud.c;;." I have here a co])y of t11e Par­liamentary Debates of the House of Commons of that ch'lte, which is similar to our CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, and, strange to say, that address might fittingly be slightly paraphrased and delivered in our exercises here to-day. He referred to and com pared this war with the various other wars o-f the rrorld. He referred to our own Civil War. He complimented the campaigns of Stonewall Jackson and other officers and campaigns of our Civil War, and then showed how really insignificant, relatively speaking, all the wars in history llad been, both in numbers en­gaged, character of warfare, auu results, as compared with thia~ war and the fiendish barbarity that our boys and those of our Allies have had to endure; and, as he sai<l then, it seems tbat , when \Ye consider the kind of hardships and the terrific COQdi­tions which our men had to face it is almost unbelievable that so few of the urvivors became insane. To see, or even read about, what our boys have gone through, days and nights in mud and water, engulfing quagmires and morasses, under a constant hail­storm of terrific machine-gun fire and ceaseless thunderbolts from powerful artillery, it is a marvel that the delicate and sensitive mechanism of the human nerve and mind could endure them without derangement.

But, my colleagues, it is not by words only that we should display our appreciation .of our sons at this time and in this Congress; it is the deeds that will hereafter count. We will in the future be judged by what we d.o, not by what we say. I sincerely hope this Congress and the membership of this House

446 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. J\fAY 30,

will have patriotism enough. and ''ill be nonpartisan enough, be big enough Americans, to rise to the occasion and demonstrate to the world that we are worthy to represent such splendid young men us the millions w~ put into this war; that we are worthy to represent the greatest Nation on the face of the earth; that in this legislative restoration, readjustment, and reconstruction period we will measure up to the traditions of our splendid country; and that the boys may always have the feeling that we at home were worthy of . the sacrifices which they made. That is what will count in the future. It is what we in Congress do during the next year or two in showing our appreciation, our ability, our patriotism, our courage, and our determination to measure up to what we ought to be and do that will count. The glorious dead of our country's wars sleep · with their duty done; ours lie yet before us.

I earnestly hope that this Congress will not attempt to traffic in the blood of these boys by trying to make partisan capital out of them. That is the only danger I see on the horizon. I do hope that we will legislate as a great American patriotic legislative body should.

There is one disquieting thought that comes to my mind-! do not know whether it occurs to others . or not-but when I think of the period which President Lincoln went through dur­ing our Civil War and reflect upon the way he was misrepre­sented and mistreated and the contemptuous disrespect that was accorded to him during that time and realize the honor that has been paid to him by the entire ci-vilized world ever since, with all due respect, I can not help feeling mindful of a not very dissimilar condition existing in some places at the present time. And when I see in the leading morning daily paper of this city-the Washington Post-this morning · the President's splendid message cabled by him yesterday from Paris to the American people published in small type in the central part of an inside page, with an insignificant heading and mixed among unimportant articles, I can not help feeling that possibly history may repeat itself and that hereafter the President of the United States may be accorded a great deal more consideration, distinction, and honor bY.' the world than he is now being accorded by some people and some partisan papers in the superb and heroic work that he is doing for our Republic, for the hu:r;nan race, and for human liberty on this earth. · I have always had a supreme contempt for narrow, vindic­tive, and disloyal partisanship, and I am going to here venture the prophecy that no man will make a creditable historic name for himself by traducing the splendid efforts or the name of the first citizen of the civilized world to-day. · As no one else has referred to it, I am going to read to the House and into the RECORD the President's brief cable message to the American people, as follows :

My fellow countrymen, Memorial Day this year wears an added sig­nificance, and I wish, if only by a message, to take part with you in its observation and in expressing the sentiments which it inevitably sug­gests. In observing the day we commemorate not only the reunion of our own country but also the liberation of the world from one of the most serious dangers to which free government and the free life of men were ever exposed. , We have buried the gallant and now immortal men who died in this great war of liberation with a new sense of consecration. Our thoughts and purposes now are consecrated to the maintenance of the liberty of the world and of the union of its people in a single comradeship of liberty and of right. It was for this that our men conscientiously offered their lives. They came to the field of battle with the high spirit and pure heart of crusaders. We must never forget the duty that their sacrifice has laid upon us of fulfilling their hopes and their purposes to the utmost. This, it seems to me,· is the impressive lesson and in­spiring mandate of the day.

WOODROW WILSON.

[Applause.] And I trust the speech which the President is delivering to-day

at the graves of our fallen heroes in France will also be inserted in the RECORD to-morrow. No human eloquence can ever do justice to their fame or describe the debt which humanity owes to the more than 50,000 of our bra,est and best that are to-day sleeping under the soil of France. · ·

1\lr. Speaker, I feel that I may again refer to President Lin­coln' Gettysburg addres , and say that it is for us, inspired by the illustrious example of our heroic boys, to carry on the noble work that they began and show our elves worthy of the confi­dence that they and our Nation have imposed in us. [Applause.]

We 1\fembers of the United States Congress have reposed in us a sacred trust, a trust for our heroes that are living and for those who have made the supreme sacrifice; a trust for our country and for human liberty; a trust for all humanity and for all _time. Upon us has descended an unparalleled and un­matched opportunity. 1Ve are temporarily to a certain extent the legatees of the world and tlie e.."\:ecutors of Providence. It i my earnest prayer thnt the :Members of the Sixty-sixth Con­gre~.~ will hono1· thcm:-:eln~s nntl our country by loyally working

together for the freedom and happiness of the human race and the pe.r~anent peace of the world-the ideals for which our sons and comrades fell. [Applause.]

Inasmuch as reference has been made here to the services of a number of individual States, permit me say that the State of Colorado, which I have for many years had the honor to repre­sent in part, contains less than 1 per cent of the population of the United States, yet out of the first 40 congressional medals that were awarded for heroic services dui'ing this war our young State received 5-12! per cent. [Applause.] So that on behalf of our Colorado boys I am supremely proud to say that the Cen­tennial State will in all future history be accorded a proud place for the loyal service her sons have rendered to our country during this World War. [Applause.] _

1\fr. MONDELL. I yield 15 minutes to the gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. ANDREWS]. . · Mr. ANDREWS of Nebraska. 1\fr. Speaker and gentlemen of the House, we honor ourselves to-day by honoring the memory ?f our fallen soldiers, sailors, and marines. It is very fitting,' mdeed, that we pause in the midst of our regular work to engage in exercises of this character. I congratulate the majority leader upon the resolution presented, and I as ure him that it will be to me a very great pleasure to \Ote for its adoption.

As a few of us mingle here to-day in these exercises no doubt our minds -go back to our homes, as we think of our neighbors and friends engaged in similar exercises paying their tributes of respect to the men and the women-the women, mark you, as well as the men-for the glorious victory that has been won for the civilization of the world. I recognize our fallen heroes as my personal benefactors. I recognize them as the benefactors of my country and of modern civilization. In this great war we have come in contact with boys and girls, men and women throughout the Nation, whose hearts have been turned with earnestness and devotion to the accomplishment of a great task. Note, if you please, the marvelous transformation of the thoughts and feelings of the American people in regard to the war. For nearly three years that war was a foreign question. Many of our people were proally and some were pro-German. They de­bated it among themselves as a purely foreign question; but when the time came for our country to take its place in the great contest the American people with rare exceptions turned away from the thought that life's greatest achievement was to keep out of the war, and directed their attention to the win­ning of the war for the American flag and the civilization of the world. [Applau e.]

· Let your thoughts, if you please, drop into the lives.of the boys and the girls as well as the men and the women of the Nation. When the call came for American soldiers and sailors and ma­rines to enter the contest, our young men faced a serious duty. Almost intuitively they seemed to catch the measure of their re­sponsibility. That vision gave them a broader view of life. They saw the world in a new light. They realized that the interests of their own Nation and possibly the nations of the world rested. upon them, and that their deeds would determine for all time the question of intellectual, civil, and religious freedom. As the boys went to the war and to· the fr.ont, and as the call of the Government went out to the people of the country for war workers in the departments in Washington, thou~ands and thousands of American girls came hither promptly and eagerly to help in that work.

It was not the amount of their annual compen ation that prompted in most instances. Those girls felt that their coun­try had made a call to them, as it had made to their brothers, their relatives, and their sweethearts, and they said, " We will volunteer for the war to help carry on the work at home." As I have met them in large numbers here in Washington and else­where in the States, I have found the expression in their words and iii their countenances and deeds that they realize that by helping in this war work they were coming just that much nearer to the boys. That sentiment on the part of self-sacrific­ing boys and girls alike helped the American Government to round out this great contest with unparalleled victory for liberty throughout the world.

But what principle was invo~ved here? What measure of power did they have at command? Whence ilid they receive it? The underlying principle in it all for our Government and the governments of the world goes back to the teachings of George 'Vashington and Alexander Hamilton, national sovereignty for the American Union. When this doctrine was challenged by hostile guns in the sixties Abraham Lincoln and the boys in blue carried it to victory, and to-day by virtue of that triumph we have 48 States, more than 100,000,000 of people, and almost countless billions of wealth behind the Government of the United States that enabled us to win this victory, destroy monarchy, and preserve representative government throughout the world. Whenever President Wil on wield the power ot

co·NGRESSION AL RE(CORD--HOUSE.

the American Government in guiding tlie Army and! Navy. and matic channels. Ge-rmany reluctantly agreed to ooserve the­that great ciVic force in the lines of dipioma:cy he is wielding a ' rules of international law. She discontinued tbe killing of · our power transmitted- to him by Abraham 11incoln• and the BoyS' in1 citizens in her submarine warfare until January 31, 191'T, when. blue; and, thank· God, we have one country, one• Union, one w~ were notified that tbe next day it would be renewed. Sbiv Constitution, and one fiag waving over all. rApplause.] after ship to the-number of !,276 merchant vessels were sunk;

Th alii thiS broad field of activity and thought I hope we can• of- wliich 425 were under neutral fiags. Fifteen of them were. see the uniforms of! tbe-men of the-Revolutionary period, of the tlying thC'fiag of the- United States, and a total of 226 American period of the Civil War, and the uniforms of .. the men of this fives were snci~ificed. Not only were our international rights" great war drawing tlle hearts of the American people together, violated on the sea, but intrigues were sought to be entered intu so that the Southland and tlie Northland, tlie Eastland and the- witli Mexico and Japan, to embroil us in wars with our sister 'Vestland make an American land, "one and inseparable-" for- Republic to the south anct our ally in the Orient. GermanY, ever; and to thai: high achievement we deilleate our thoughts, promised as a reward a part of the-States of Texas, New Mexico, our deedS, and our lives, to do justice to the men whose uniform and Arizona. In addition innumerable acts of. sabotage were grnces our gathering to-cU1y, and to whom this and subsequent committed, in which bridges, machinery, and manufacturing Congresses shall carry in faithful devotion tllose recognitions- pla:nts were destroyed throughout tbe United States. ManYi that their brilliant service merits and our duty demands. [Ap- millions of doTiars were expended in· this country in propaganda plause.] work, through the press, public speakers, and secret agents, in an

Our country must be thoroughly Americanized. But- what effort to create sentiment favor-able to Ge-rmany and· to prevent tr::msform:ing and· unifying power can possibly bring aU of tllese our Nation entering the war. There was no other course for a divergent opinions, characters, customs, religions, and politics· self-respecting nation to pursue, except to pass the resolution• into a unity of purpose and action to build one nation out of appmved April 6, 1917. the nations of tl.le- world? Mrs. Andrews and I observed an The Germans bad been preparing for war for 25 years ancT incident in Boston in 1908 that answered this question in part thought they were· destined to rule the world. Hence the op~n­One Sunday afternoon we attended an open-air concert on the ing of the war had been prearranged. The German Emperor Bosron Common. Some twelve or fifteen thousand people were was conveniently away from his country sailing around Norway.: present. About three-fourths of them seemed to have been born TOO Russian ambassador was temporarily absent from Vienna, under foreign tlags. Whole families- were there together, happy; and President Poincaire was away from France. They were cheerfUl, and well dressed. They enjoyed the program and unaware of the treachery being-{1l'acticed. The time-was oppor­cheered heal!tily at times. Just as they were. dispersing the band tune for Germany- to strike. Germany did not believe that Eilg'­began unexpectedly to play the Star-Spangled Banner. In- land wouJd enter tlle war, or that if she did that she would enter stantly bats were removed a:nd the whole audience stood like- it in time to save Franc~. Germany expected to overrun France an army at attention until the music ceased. Then they cheered and conquer that nation within 3(J days. With her navy in-· and cheered to the echo. The newcomers seemed to be the most creased by-adding the. French battleships- and Russian fighting enthusiastic. Wby 1 Why? Wliy? Because they had a keerr ships, sbe expected to successfully match England in a second realization of the splendid opportunities they have bere as com- war. With that concluded. her third war was- to be with the pared with the meager earnings in their native- countries. They United States, and if successful she planned to dominate tlie know wbat tbls flag means for them and their children. That ·entire civilized world. spirit made the colonists one and enabled· them to build one We were anxious to see what had been accomplished in France nation out" of the nations.. of the world. and to visualize as far as possible the expenditures· of the vast

This is not only the unifying power, but- it is also the sa-ving sums ofmoney appropriated by our Government. We wished to power of the American Republic. It goes a long distance- in the gain first-hand knowledge for ourselves, aS' best we could, re­solution of tlle vexed qu8stion of immigration and also in tile garding how the money was used. We- wa11ted' to assist our thorough Americ:anization of the citizenship of our country. soldiers in every way possible in getting them speedily returned! Thus it is · not necessary to teach the doctrirre of hate on the home. They felt' that- the object fur which they had been sent' part of any man toward the land of his birth: or the flag under across the sea had been· attruned; and tbey desired tu return to which he was born. Do you recall the okl homestead on which tlleir homes and civil pursuits. We impressed this as earnestly you played with your brothers and sisters in the days of your as we could upon every general we met in France- and upon childhood 7 Do you remember about wading the brook yonder; every American official who had anything to do with bringing­and does your body now feel the thrill from the water? Did you· tlie American troops- back to the U"nited States. We took the gather fio""ers and bring them to mother and receive the priceless matter up with tfie Secretary- of the Navy, who accompanied us benediction of her smiles? Did you go out into the woods and across the Atlantic; Gen. Helmick; whom. we met' at Brest ; Gen. sit under the trees and listen to the songs ofthe birds? 'Forget Reed, at Le Mans; Gen. Harbord, at Toura.; Gen. Pershing, at the old homestead? No, no, no! Never, never, never! Chaumont; and President Wilson, in Paris. Two hundred arrd

ninety-seven thousand soldiers- were returned to tlie United States in .April and 320,000 fu 1\.fay; leaving· about 6"30,000 to bC' brought back, of whmrr it is expected 3"30,000 will Iie r.eturned in June and the. remainder irL J'uly and' August.

How dear to this heart are the sc.enes ot- my child'hood, When fond recollecti011· presents them. to view­

The orchard, the meadow, the deep-tangled" wild woad And every lov'd spot which my infancy lmew.

But regardless of the land of_ our bidh, we- musir insist most emphatically upon the. doctrine of_ unwa:ve:ning- loyalty, on. the part of every .Ameri<ran citizen to the Go\"e:rnment and flag. o:t the United States of America.

My country, our col.mb.-y, the country o:f arr the- world, and as the &-truggling millions of the earth see our- fing how- e:an they re:fl;ain from saying with us :

My country, 'tis of thee, Sweet land of liberty,

Of thee I sing : Land where my fathers died, Land of the pilgrims' pride, From every mountain side

Let freedom ring-

Now, henceforth, and. forever. [.A:pplause.J 1\Ir. CLARK of Missmn'i Mr. Speaken, I. yield 10, minutes- to,

the gentleman f 'rom Oklahoma [liit HAsTIN-Gs]. Mr. HASTINGS. Mr. Speaker, I heartily. fa;vor thisresolution

and commend the Congress for considering it on Memorial Day. I am SUI-a that every l\1embe1· will be glad to. giv.e it his· support.

After the adjournment of Congress last March, in company with otl1er Members of Congress, 11 went to Europe. I bad v.oted for the resolution declaring that a state of war existed! with_ Germany and all the laws and appropriations necessary to ·ea.rry it on, and to that extent I felt my responsibility.

Eve1-ybody now recognizes the filet that war with Germany was unavoidable. After the sinking of the Lusitania, on Mayo T, 1015, upon which there were 115 American citizens who w-ent to a watery grave, we tried to adjust our differences through diplo-

We also wished to study the lessons of the. war and the things tllat would be or assistance to us- in the. enactment of reconstruc~ tion legislation. We were particularly desirous of making in·

· quiry as to what legislation, if• any., would be necessary to dis­pose of the vast amount of property which we had in Franc·e;. wllat legislation is needed' to aid our: soldiers to return to civiL pursuits ; what beneficial legislation should be enacted for th-e­direct benefit of the soldiers; what legislation the other countries had enacted; and sucli other infonnation as would be helpful in• the enactment of laws for the return or control of public utilities.

Then, of course, we went to view the battle fields-of Europe, hallowed by the blood of our brave boys, who died for the cause of-humanity and the ideals of om: country.

With these general pur-poses in view, we left N-ew York and· the lights of western civilization on March 15, 1919, on board the s. S. Eeviathan, which was foxmerly the S. S. Vaterland, built by the Germans. It is the large t ship afloat, being 954 feet long, which is longer than the Capitol Building of our Na-· tion. It had only made one round trip across the ocean and. was on this side· of the Atlllntic when war broke out in 1914, w1:1ere she• was · interned. ·

We 'la.nded at Brcest on linrch 23, where we were met by Gen. Helmick :md by Gen. BUtler, in chaige of Camp Pontanezen. Brest is located upon the extreme western point of· France and lies south of the western coast of "England. It has a harbor where the Iargest- ships may enter, and has been utilized by us as an embarkation point. The condition of the camp had been severely criticized, but when we reached there we found it in

448. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE; ~fAY 30;

as good shape as the weather would permit. It rained 335 day· lust year at that point. At the present time all the tents are floored and ditched about. They have stoves in them and are connected one with another by board walks. It was rain­ing when we reached there and it was raining the next day when we left. It was raining when we returned there several weeks later. It is our belief that under the splendid management of Gen. Butler this camp is in as good condition as the rainy climate will permit.

Through the courtesy of Army officials we went by automo­biles over the western part of France, visiting Rennes and the replacement camp at Le Mans, where we met Gen. Reed. We went to Tours then. It is the headquarters of the service of supply and is in charge of Gen. Harbord, whom we met and witll whom we· discussed at length the movement of supplies and the handling of soldiers to and from the embarkation port. From there we went to Gievres, the base of supplies. It is under the control of Col. C. J. Symonds, a very efficient officer. He courteous!~... showed us over the entire camp, an immense space built up with warehouses. We stopped for the night at Orleans, which is a beautiful city. Joan of Arc delivered it with her army on May 8, 1429, from the English. She was later tried and convicted, through treachery and jealousy, and exe­cuted by the English.

After seeing Paris for a few days we left by automobile for the American battle front, which carried us through Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry. We passed through Rheims, where the great cathedral was destroyed, and remained overnight at Chalons, where Attila, at the head of the Huns, was defeated in 450 A. D., resulting in the saving of Paris. Our trip then took us over the battle f1·ont known as the Argonne Forest, the most difficult battle in which our troops were engaged. We crossed Hill 304 and Dead Man's Hill, places familiar to Amer­ican soldiers. We ate ·lunch at Verdun, on the Meuse River. This place is strongly fortified with forts on the hills, by outer walls, and by moats. It has a citadel in which te:Q or fifteen thousand soldiers may be housed. It is also protected by the Meuse River. Verdun was besieged by the Germans for four years, but did not fall.

We spent an afternoon upon the St. 1\Iihiel salient, remaining overnight at the Moraign farmhouse, not far from Metz. We went through the border manufacturing city of Longwy, which the Germans entered in the early part of the war, and which was held by them when the armistice was signed. Then we went through Luxembourg, which is a beautiful country, about the size of the average county in the United States. Our jour­ney took us through Treves (Trier), an ancient, historic, forti­fied city, and then through Bernkastel, on the Moselle River, where we had lunch with Gen. Martin. This is a fine section of country, largely devoted to the raising of grapes. We crossed over the divide into the Rhine Valley and entered Coblenz, which is the headquarters of the American army of occupa­tion. Gen. Dickman was in command at that time and had 240,000 American soldiers in the occupied area. All the ex­pense of keeping this army is being paid by Germany, including the monthly salaries of our soldiers and officers. Coblenz is on the west side of the Rhine and is strongly fortified, with a fort upon a commanding point on the east side. It is also located in the bend of the river, which is a natural defense.

We visited the city of Cologne, about 75 miles up the river, and qn our way took luncheon at Bonn, which is the site of one of the great German universities. We went to this occu­pied section because we were anxious to see and interview as many of our h·oops as possible, and also to learn as much about conditions in Germany as we could. This stretch of country had not been touched by the war and, of course, was in a fine state of preservation. The farms are being cultivated, and from all outward appearances the people were well clothed and fed. Upon inquiry, however, we were told that food prices were ex­ceptionally high, and that the poor back in the interior were in a distressful condition and unable to get fats and other nour­ishing foods.

On our return trip we went through Bar-le-Duc, which is a railroad center, arid through which much of our supplies were shipped. At Chaumont, the headquarters of Gen. Pershing, we discussed with him at length and with members of his staff conditions in France and everything connected with the war­the various battles in which our soldiers were engaged, his diffi­culties, and his h·iumphs. He is a fearless soldier, a fine gen­tleman, a man of great capacity, and an excellent executive, as well as a splendid military officer. In response to our sugges­tions, he indicated that our soldiers would be returned to the Unitctl States ns early as conditions would permit and as soon as ships coult11Je secured.

We returned to Paris by the way of Troys, Tonnerre, and Frogny, where we saw four or five hundred Oklahoma boys be­longing to the Thirty-sixth Division, who were billeted in that vicinity. They were all well cared for, well clothed, and well fed, with ruddy complexions. They appeared to be in the very. best of health. We were proud of these manly men, the mili­tary representatives of the greatest and grandest Republic be­neath the stars. I am glad to say to the fathers and mothers of America that '"we saw nothing to criticize in the conduct of any of them, and we were glad that they were from our State and Nation.

After remaining a few days in Paris, where we called upon the American ambassador and President Wilson, and spent a few days visiting the libraries, museums, Government buildings, the grave of Lafayette, and other places of public interest, includ­ing Versailles, a suburb of Paris, where the peace delegates are now in session, and where the treaty with Great Britain ending the Revolutionary War was signed, we started up to the north­ern front, held by the French, English, and Belgians. Our route carried us through Arras and Lens, a city of about 25,000, in which there is not a single house standing intact. We went over Vimy Ridge, upon which there is no sign of human life. The wreck and devastation is complete. For miles in that immediate vicinity we passed ruined cities and towns with not a single house standing. The entire country was covered with shell holes, and not a human being lived there. We saw only soldiers here and there guarding property.

Going north through Lille we passed east through Ath and Tournai to Brussels, in Belgium, which is a beautiful city, with approximately 800,000 people. It was occupied by the Germans in the early part of the war and was not attacked by the Bel­gians, because they wanted to save their capital. It was not wrecked to a very great extent. We had an audience with King Albert, who is very much beloved by the Belgian people, as is also his splendid wife. He is very intelligent and soldierly, being more than 6 feet tall. He enjoys the confidence of his people to an unlimited extent.

We spent one afternoon upon the historic battle field of Waterloo and saw where Napoleon, the idol of France, fought against the combined armies of the Old World and lost. Instead of gratifying his ambition to dominate Europe, he died in exile six years later in St. Helena.

From Brussels we went to Louvain, a university city. The university and great cathedral were destroyed here in the war. Our route took us to Charleroi, 50 or 60 miles south, where there were some great steel f-actories. The machinery was removed from these factories and the plants destroyed. This was purely . an act of vandalism, and was committed, so it is claimed, in order that the Germans might not have Belgian competition after the war was over.

We visited Dinant, on the Moselle River. It is a small city, where the people were terrorized and abused. A number of them were lined up against a wall and shot, in order that the re­mainder of the population might be terrorized into submission. We were shown one wall where 116 men had been shot. Some survived, and we saw their wounds.

We went to Antwerp next. It is to be a port of embarkation for our army of occupation. This city was not hurt. We took luncheon with Cardinal Mercier, who is known as the" grand old. man " of Belgium, at Malines. Though he was often threatened by the Germans, perhaps he did as much, if not more, than any other man to strengthen the people in their resistance to the foe.

We were entertained by the Belgian Parliament at Brus els and were accorded every courtesy. The people are very grateful to the United States for our substantial assistance in sending them food and clothing and for the part we took in the war.

We left Brussels, going through Gh~nt, where the treaty of peace between the United States and Great Britain was signed in 1814. We remained overnight at Bruges, which was the sub­marine base of the Germans. Following the canal to its mouth brought us to Zeebrugge, where on April 24, 1918, the Britisll, by one of the most daring acts in all history, entered the harbor around a strongly fortified island, under artillery and machine­gun fire, and sank four cruisers with the greatest precision. This prevented the further dispatch of submarines from this port and closed the base. Of the 4,000 men who volunteered for this task, 800 were killed. The wonder is how any escaped.

We followed the coast around by the way of Ostend and crossed the Yser Canal, where the dikes were opened by the Belgians to check the advance of the Germans. Here the Bel­gian King, having been forced to the extreme western border of his country, issued his famous order that any Belgian soldier who retreated farther would be a traitor to his country. He maintained headquarters at Furnes, which the Belgians held,

1919. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 449 with a narrow strip of their own country, throughout the war. To the south lays the Ypres sector, where the battle raged wit:Jl great fury. It presents a picture of devastation impossible to exaggerafe. All the cities and towns in it were destroyed. The trenclles and wire ~ntanglements remained intact. The hills were cleared of trees by artillery fire, and the ground is thickly covered with large shell holes.

We passed down over the fronts held by the British and French to Paris, and all over this battle area, both to the north of Paris and the east of Paris, everything of value is com­pletely destroyed. No one can pass over this _ battle ground without having the greatest admiration for the bravery and bulldog tenacity of our British ally, whose troops made such enormous sacrifices of life on this bloody field. It must be re­membered that they came intQ the war unselfishly to assist Belgium, whose neutrality England was under treaty obliga­tions to protect. Like ·others, they fought for heroic ideals, that right and not might should rule for the cause of humanity and for the ideals that we all cherish. The Ypres sector, Vimy Ridge, Lens, Cambra.i, and the northern front will stand as en­during monuments to their bravery and heroism.

To make a study of the peoples of western Europe, to get a glimpse of their mode of living, and to form a more correct esti­mate of them, we made some hurried side trips to historic Rome, Naples, Mount Vesuvius, the ruins of Pompeii, and Genoa, the home of Christopher Columbus, which is preserved in the heart of the city. We spent a day in the city of Geneva, Switzerland, renowned for its cleanliness and beauty. It is to be the seat of the league of nations in the event one is formed. We spent a week visiting England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales, including London, with its innumerable places of historic interest; Oxford, the seat of the great university; Stratford-on-Avon, Shake­speare's home; Edinburgh; Glasgow; Belfast; and Dublin in our itinerary.

Each one of us was disappointed in seeing their primitive farm­ing methods, their very general use of cattle as work animals, their antiquated farming machinery, their inadequate railroad facilities, and their insanitary surroundings. Almost everything was done with a view of protection in the event of war, and for this purpose they built splendid roads, to permit rapid com­munication, cities and towns on hillside and mountain peaks in order to defend them easily, and protected themselves in the lowlands by walls and moats. Even their great cathedrals were built for the purpose of protecting the inhabitants in case of attack. Their museums everywhere are full of art treasures. Most of them are statues representing great heroes, or paintings of great battles and victories won. Th~re are many beneficial lessons that our trip suggested,

but I want to emphasize three. The first is the splendid roa-ds throughout western Europe,

with stone bridges and culverts, some of them constructed 2,000 years ago. They are kept in fine shape and, in fact, road build­ing is one of theii· principal industries.

The second is that nothing is done for temporary use in ~u­rope. Every building is carefully erected for permanent use.

The third is that absolutely nothing is· wasted, but everything is saved and preserved.

Three outstanding features of this war stagger the imagina­tion. They are difficult to describe in language, and are there­fore incapable of full appreciation.

The first is the magnitude of the task accomplished, after the declaration of war on April 6, 1917, and before the date of the armistice, November 11, 1918, in a little over 19 months. There was no Army tp speak of-about 200,000 troops all told, officers and men. Legislation had to be thought out, recommended, and enacted, and money had to be appropriated to pay the expenses before an army could be raised. Clothing, munl,tions, and sup­plies of all kinds had to be made and concentrated at supply depots, so as to be available for use. Camps had to be con­structed to house the m'en drawn from their homes. Machinery had to be made and plants enlarged to manufacture artillery and many necessary supplies. Regulations had to be formulated, promulgated, and administered for 110,000,000 people unused to military discipline in order to raise the vast army which would turn the scale in favor of the Allies. We must have transporta­tion facilities on land and sea, to gattler raw material, concen­trate it at factories, provide fuel, and gather the men from every township throughout our vast country, as well as to carry to them the supplies necessary for their use and equipment. After being trained the men were transported to seaports, where we encoun­tered a ship shortage. Ships were needed to bridge an ocean more than 3,000 miles wide. We rented, built, and comman­deered every available bottom. We landed through ports in France and Great Britain 300,000 men per month with the

LVIII--29

immense stores of supplies and munitions needed by our brave men, without which they would have been helpless and useless. On November 11, 1918, we hau in the Army and Navy approxi­mately 5,000,000 under arms. More than 2,000,000 of them were on the bloody fields across the sea. Food, clothing, and all neces­sary munitions and supplies followed them. Docks on foreign soil had to be built, where our troops could be landed, and ware­houses were constructed near the ports for the supplies. Ware· houses had to be built also at concentration points in France. At Giveres we built warehou es covering 6 square miles. If placed end to end they would have formed a line 20 miles long. Everything was stored here but heavy artillery. Railroads and dirt roads had to be built, and equipment had to be added. Everything had to be enormously enlarged so that supplies ancl equipment as needed might be at· the right place promptly, and they were there.

The second is the rapidity with which we accomplished things. When our Government recognized tl1at a state of war existed, we pledged all the resources of this Nation to achieve a victorious result. While other nations moved with apparent deliberation, we acted promptly. We had never known defeat, and we were not going to suffer any stain on our victorious flag. [Applause.] We legislated in financial terms of billions. We concentrated men in armies of millions, and we threw both men and muni­tions into the battle front in such numbers and quantity as to cheer the hearts of our Allies and break the morale of the enemy. Germany figured that by the use of the submarine she would cripple England at sea, cut off supplies of food and munitions, and even if America entered the war she would have conquered Europe before we could transport our forces across in sufficient numbers to be effective.

The third is the courage and daring displayed by our soldier.· on the ·field of battle. We are not a military Nation, but love peace. When our Government was established it was founded on certain ideals. No nation can violate our cherished rights on land or sea with impunity. Germany misinterpreted ·our love for peace into an abject surrender of our international rights. There is no question of the unity of our people when attacked by a foreign foe. The splendid support given our Government by all classes of citizens in every township and school district throughout the United States challenged the admiration of the world. [Applause.] The flower of our country obeyed the bugle call. Fathers and mothers, wives and sisters bade their loved ones farewell as they marched forth to duty, perhaps to death. Patriotic men and women, whether on the platform or in the pulpit or in the editorial chair, inspired our citizens upon all occasions to do their full duty and loyally and aggressively support the cause of this Nation . . Bonds were purchased and money was subscribed to meet ·an financial requirements. Ba\­ing tried to avoid war, knowing that our cause was just, cheered and sustained by the American people everywhere, our Army went into the war determined upon aggressive action and a nc­torious result.

'Vhen we reached France we found our- Allies hard. pre;:;sed by a well-trained, brutal foe bent upon overrunning and conquering Europe and the domination of the world. Our men wer~ quickly trained in the ne.w methods of warfare and hurriedly thrown into the battle line, first among the British and French troops, where they could be used to the best advantage and strengthen the weaker points. Appreciating the necessity of unity of action among .the allied armies, Gen. Foch was agreed upon as commander of them. Be is a great strategist. They were fighting on French soiL Their capital, Paris, was immedi­'ately at stake, and I think no one ever doubts the wisdom of placing this grand old warrior of France in supreme command.

Our boys had been in line in defensive trench fighting until in April when the Twenty-sixth Divjsion went into action in the Toul sector near Seicheprey, where they thrilled our Allies by their daring, inspired confidence in them, and served notice on our enemy that we were ready to meet them on the field of battle.

The First Division attacked the German line on May 28 and captured the town of Cantigny in the 1\Iontdidier sector and held it under heavy artillery counterattacks. The enemy was again, in a great offensive, seriously threatening Paris on the Marne near Chateau-Thierry. Our troops in divisions, com­manded by our own officers, were hunied to the relief of that point, so necessary to be held at all hazards. Paris was almost in sight of the enemy. Their long-range guns were dropping shells upon the terror-stricken people within her walls. Many had fled to distant cities. The fall of the French capital was imminent, and I remember with what breathless interest we watched the fighting in .July, 1918, in the Chateau-Thierry sector. The French had withstood "\vith grand heroism the terrible on­slaughts of a foe superior in numbers, equipment, nnd prepa-

450 00 TGJ{ESSIONAL R.EOORD-HOUSE. ~lAY 30,

ration for four years, and rnu t oon yield if not sh·engthened. Nothlng can bet ter de cribe tlle de peratene " of the situation, the ln'u,ery of tlle Fr nell RolL1ier and his lo\e for the .capital of his beloved country, than the inquiry of the French officer of the g·eoeral commanding our .:'....mericnn supporting divisions, if he migllt fall back on th.~ American troops for support .or die there.

In the Bellcnu Wood our soldiers attacked and counterat­tacked the enemy TITith such fiercene s and daring as to capture it and the town of vaux. F'or a number of days the battle raged along fue entire line until the G rmans were routed and dri\en beyond Soi son and Paris was saved. Who knows .but what tile civilization of a thousand ~-ear \IUS san•d. [Applause.] We wrote a new rec rd in the military annals of om· country. \Ve captm·ed more than 7,000 prisoner and rnany piece of artil­lery. We did far more. We ~stabli bed confidence in ourselves. Our Allies recognized t11at TI·e could be depended upon, and we mea,·nra.bly destroyed the confidence of the Germans that they could win.

I lillve been nll o\er tllis ground hallowed by the blood of our boys \Yho fell in defense of thi · counb.·y. The thick, almost impenetrable wood knO\\n as Belleau Wood \\U.S literally shot to pjeces. Tree.· more than a foot in diameter were shot to pieces, and they appear d as if a cyclone had .gone O\er them. In audition, tbe ground was pounded with shells, 1llld great hole pock-marked the surface on e\ery 1umu. No human being could

urvi'\"e such an artillery fire. The little town of Lncy on the hill near-by was completely de troyed. JS"ot a single house was left standing. There wa ·not a single per on there, .sa\e a soldier or two guarding the ruin . 'We topped at a little cemetery near there on top of the hill, where, ''ith uncoYcred 11eads, -we bowed in silent reve1;encc and contemplation in honor of 78 Americans who sleep beneath the lilies of Fnmce. They died ,gallantly on foreign soil to upholil the emblem of their country. I .thought that a grateful Nation would hoW. them in n.ffectionate Te­membrance and generously care for any dependents 1eft behincl..

H:udly had the Chateau-Thier.r;r German offensi>e been cl1ecked, and the enemy dri\en back to a safe distance, than our tro ps were withdrawn and concentrated for a drive on the St. l\Iihiel snlient, ·which wa. planned and executed by the com1mtnder of our force , tlmt bra\e oldier and excellent officer, Gen. Pershing. This was to be th first distinct American offensi\e, and was to put to the test not only our readines to fight but our ability to command and to plan. :More than 600,000 tl'OOJ.1 , in addition to a fe\Y French troops, took part in this offen.sive. The dri\e wa skillfully planned. Our force TI""ere moved and placed in po it~on with ·such rapidity and secrecy that the veteran German officers and oldiers were surprised when, with clocklike precision, at break of day on the morning of September 12, under an artillery .barrage that onsumed 1,000,000 shell , we nttacked with such dash an<1 fury that we mped out the salient resting on the Meuse River-in fact, eros -ing it at one point and threatening Yerdun, a strongly fortified · city that the Germans had almo. t surrounded and besieged for four years. We captrn·ed i3,751 11risoners, 443 guns, UDd much material. The brilliancy of this attack and the necessity for it can be better a.ppreciated ·with a knowledge of the topography of the country. It lays bebveen tlle Meuse and Moselle Riler . Tl1e <.lrive relieYed ve.rdun and enabled us to shell l\Ietz and greatly interfere with the concentration of supplies there. The Oklahoma and 'Iexas troop in the Ninetieth Di\ision, under Gen. Hunter Liggett, took part in this drive and share the credit of the first di tincti\e A..merican \ictory. When I visited this battle field an<l an officer explained. the Army manetwers, as we pa sed through the city of St. l\lihiel and towns of Thai­court, \ilcay, "Villers, Hattonchatel, Billy, Thillot, Vigneulles, and others, and as we gazed on Mont Sec, which -,yas pounded and cleared of all timber by artillery fire. I could better appre­ciate the plendid courage of America's brave sons, including tho e from my own State, in marching to victory through a veritable rain of shot and hell and machine-gun fire up and aero · the Woen·e Valley to a. weeping, glorious, triumphant -victory. [Applnuse.]

The Argonne salient \\US to the west and north of the Meuse and bt>tween that and the Aire River. Much of this battle area is rough and hilly; in fact, mountainous. It is covered with heavy timber and the Germans were intTenched in dugouts and strongly fortifi d. They thought the position impregnable. The name is given to a wide area. So important was it that t11e Orown P~·ince himself had his headquarters at i\Iontfaucon. The attack was planned with great care and carried out with almost·mathemati­cal precision. Across hills and ra ·vines, through thick, hen vy wood , O\er shell-torn, spongy soil, braving every da.uger known to modern warfare, our gallant boys in khaki charged, capturing machine guns, heavy arti1lery, and about 10,000 prisoners.

Roads had to be built o...-er which to move om· heavier guns, but our engineer met every emergency. EY ryone wllo li ·it:~ Frnnce and surveys thls battle area, when he considers the mountainous, wooded country, the German intrenchment ·, and the filvoral>le locations for their heavy .artillery, stanc.ls and ilently wonclers how nell a. successful dri\e could be made an<l carried out with such precision. This drive emled the \\'ill' anu perhavs cJumgetl the current of history. [Appla..use.] The Crown Prine from a high eminence in a. strongly foTtified builuiug on the point at 1\fontfaucon, v;·here through n periscope he Yicwetl til lo ntion of troops and their maneu"lers for miles .around, aw his trn. tell officer ancl men ~·ield one sh·ongly fortified po ·ition aft r au­other. He witoe . ed 1\lalconcourt and BatL.ucourt fall and n~­treated in afety before 1\lontfaucon was captured. Ench day, with renewed determination to quickly end the war., om· diti · on8 added new luster to our flag as the troop.· scaled mountain .peak , <lislodg0d machine guns, captured prisoner·, an<l rolleLl in wase down the Yalley upon the enemy below. This is one of the rnost memorable battles of all history, and the name of the towns and liTiage · captured and occupied during thl angulnary struggle, la ting from S€ptember 2G through the ntire month ·Of October and into ·ovember, 1918, will become hou ·ebold \Yonl · as tlli <leci ive drive is stuclied and successful r ult appr ci­ated. [Appla..use.] None were too tron(•ly fortified or manned. They aU fell alike before om artillery barrage aut1 infantry at­tack. A.premont, Fleville, 1\lontfa.ucon, l\Ialaccourt Brieulle , Clery, AucheYille, Villers, and Stenay among many others will remain on the pages of history.

\'e had to win. \Ve could not afford to fail. .An indeci ·ive rc ult at thi. · time of the year, with the rainy sea on be<>'in­nin"', meant the discontinuance of offen i>e Jlo tiiitie , digging into trenches for the winter, .and giYing the Germans an oppor­tunity to reinforce their dem01·alized forces and to bring up re er,·es, munitions, and equipment. It meant n prolengation of the \\'ar into the following year and the consequent great sacrifice of humnn live . This succe sful off nsLve bron"llt th .armi-stice ,of No,·ernber ll, 1918, which ''"n · in effect nn uncon­ditionnl . ·uneoder. In tlli -· supreme sh'U00"'le the bra\e ·on · ,of Oklahoma in tllC Ninetieth Di\i ion were in the thick of 1.lJc battle and far to the front when the hour of 11 on tl1 11th day of 'tile eleventh montll tolled out a ce · atioo of hostilitie ·, while the Thirty-sixth D.iYision~ also an Oklahoma and Texas clivi .. ioo, in the Champagne were in action near uipp · and Chalons, adding new laurels to our State ancl 1Tation and rapitlly pur uing the retreating Huns up the Aisne. Their Ynlor • ml in­cli\iuual act of heroism will be recited oYer and o'i·E>r a · the days lengthen into rears and as long a bra \ery and love of country ancl lleYotion :to ideals are allmir d ·by patriotic men and fair women of our beloved country. {Applause.] ·

.As tlley clisplayed deeds of h~roism on the field of battle aml .conducted tbemsel\es so as to adcl new glory to their Nation, -I am nrc these same qualities will follow our bra\e boy back into civil life as they again take up their dutie. of citizen ·llip and with renewed vigot· and an enlarged vision a tunc their places in ciYil life. They can be depended upon to mea ur up to our fonde t ex:pecta tions. As they bore the flag unstained to Yictory, they will in the future conduct themselYes a· become.· an .American soldier. They will see that no stains be mirch their old, cherished uniform. Their opportunity ·iS great, and that they will a"lail •themsel\es of it I have not the slighte. t doubt. [Applause.]

1\Ir. MOl\rnELL. Mr. S.Pea.ker, I yieltl 10 minutes to the "'en­tlernan from Pennsylvania [1\Ir. WATSON].

l\Ir. W A.TSO~ of .Pennsylvania. Mr. ..:i>eaker, the associa­tion of the Grand Army of the Republic was organized soon after the Civil War, and the early .l\1emorial Day, wer c le­bratcd by long.lines of soldiers marching in the tr ets ·Of ·cities, boroughs, \illages, and hamlets, each post conducting exerci e~ in commemoration of dea(l comrade~. Not Ion ..,.. ince, I a t­tended a reunion of the veterans re idi11g in my county. The occa ion was the ns~ernbling of very few member , u · time had thinned tlleir rank . A resolution was adopte:d to tli -bund their po ts becum~e of the few m"Yi"ling veteran . For the same rea on the ·Confederate camp also will oon be eli -solved. At the time of their .inceptions, th two association~ were antagonistic, but ·since, good f llow hip toward each other has developed a united interet for the gro\\·th, prosperity; and continuity of one Government, one country, and one Republic. Their de cendants, •but ·ye terday; fougltt sid by side to presm·ve our right-s and inherited prilileges; fought for a greater Amer­ica, not greater in tlle acqui ition of territory, but a renai sance of a higher social and political sta.ndar<.l for the people of t11e world. The War of Nations, long prophesied, has been waged and ended. New conceptions and hopes '!Wing from th r . ult of wars. Premature ideas of goYernmental policie , anll a period

1919. ~ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 451 of unrest will shadow for a time the building up of our indus­tries, and our commercial relations with foreign countries. The industrial period, howe>er, must wait until the reconstruction plan is based on a true and solid foundation.

When the German Emperor challenged the American people as a Nation, he did not place his ear close enough to hear clearly the voice of the .American sentiment. He had a longing to conquer the Republic over the seas. He was not big enough. his allies were not strong enough; his ambition, the dream of an insane man.

:Mei.l of the past have attempted to conquer the world and crown themselves emperors. Alexander the Great extended his power over many nations; -he desired to be triumpf1ant over all, but he could not rule the world. He died the victim of excessive indulgence. Cresar had the same ambition for conquest, but he fell at the zenith of his power by the assassin's poniard. Na­poleon, the grestest general of all history, did not reach his goal, and died in exile on the island Of St. Helena. The Kaiser hoped to win where others had failed. The American troops, however, proved an impenetrable wall, the strength of which he did not know. His remaining days will be of agonizing terror and mental torture. No one man can rule the world. This must be the conclusion, if we read carefully the pages of history.

We pause to pay the highest tribute to the American soldiers and sailors to whom we owe victory and peace. Here in the halls of Congress appropriations are made to build battleships and engines of war, but it was the heroes of our Army and Navy and the fifty thousand and more, now under the sod of France who won the battles for our Republic and liberty. Never did a people make nobler sacrifices and show greater heroism than the fathers and mothers of America. [Applause.]

Congress proposed the consh·uction of aeroplanes, but it was the American champion, who met his single adversary in the clouds 16,000 feet above the earth and conquered him, thereby winning the supremacy of the air. No war ever re­vealed more courageous deeds, than were performed by our soldiers and sailors. [Applause. J On the field, in the air, and under the sea they acquitted themselves with the highest honors for bravery, valor, and fortitude. They won the war for the world's progress; they won it for more perfect attainments. Civilization moves onward, extending her growth into the dark future only to enlighten it as time develops the necessity of a greater knowledge to satisfy the new thoughts and new ideas continually evolving from the intellect and the divine power of the human mind. [Applause.] .

Mr. CLARK of Missouri. l\1r. Speaker, I yield 10 minutes to the gentleman from Cal~ornia [1\fr. RAKER].

Mr. RAKER. Mr. Speaker and gentlemen of the House, I shall avail myself of the privilege extended to l\1embers to extend their remarks on this subject.

l\1r. Speaker, it is my obser\ation that the genius of America is what was evidenced in France by the American soldier in winning this war. Personally I observed and kept in touch with matters preceding the declaration of war. Then, as the matters progre sed I also kept in touch with the general situation, until it finally culminated in the declaration of war by this country against the German Imperial Gov~rnment, and from that on, pending and during the legislation that made it possible to ac­complish what the American Army and Navy accomplished, it was my privilege as an American Representati\e for the State of California to participate and favor that legislation.

I observed, as far as it was in one's power, what the people were doing in this country in the way of preparing for the war and the work done in various cantonments and training camps. I observed on every side what the father and the mother and the si ·ter and the son were dOing who were not able to enter the actual service in the Army and the Navy. - I also observed the work that was being done by the Red Cross, the Young Men's Christian Association, the Knights of Columbus, the Young Women's Christian Association, the Sal­Yati,on Army, the Jewish Welfare Board, and others who were assisting in this wonderful work.

I want to say I;!.OW that too much credit can not be given to all tl10se who were unable to enter the service, but who assisted in making American geni:us a part and the mainspring of our soldiers' and sailors' lives. Not being content with what I could see here, as soon as opportunity presented itself, in com­pany with other Members of the House, I crossed the ocean, and for two months observed, as far as one could, the obstacles against which our soldiers fought. I observed the battle fields where our soldiers were, where the French fought, and where the English fought. I went over the German battle fields as well. \Ve visited and had the pleasure of seeing American sol­diers in the occupation of Coblentz and the territory on the Rhine. It was for the purpose of seeing our boys over there just

fresh from the battle fields, for the purpose of seeing the char­acter of the country and the kind of hardships they had to en­dure, the disadvantages they were up against, that we went, as well as to observe the kind of work that had been done by these organizations that I have named. Language fails when giving credit to the general of our. Army, to his subordinates, and to the soldiers who participated in the conflict. We can not be too high in our praise of those who were unable to go because of circumstances, because their time had not come to be at the front, but who were engaged in preparing for those who were there, in assembling the material, providing the munitions, and seeing that the soldiers were thoroughly and well equipped, that the conditions of our soldiers were looked after and provided for; and their work has been wonderful, and credit to the high­est should be extended to them.

This resolution recognizes and gives all credit, as it should­to the mother who stayed at home, to the soldier son who bared his breast to the German gun. The pen of the best writer will never be able to describe to the people at home the conditions under which our boys faced the German Army and the terrible obstacles they encountered in making the success they did. At the risk of repetition, I say that it was the American spirit, the ideal of home and country, which is instilled into every Ameri­can boy from the cradle up, that made him face unflinchingly the German cannon and machine gun, the German dugouts and the pill boxes, that forced the Germans into the open and ad­vanced until they drove them back, that won the day. It is that American spirit which caused them willingly to lay down their lives for that which they believed to be right. In any resolutions we pass we will not be able to repay those who made the supreme sacrifice. It was known that some must advance. It was necessary that those in the front line must lay down their lives, and they did it, and did it willingly; aod the wonder­ful thing about it all is that there were so few cases, if any, of desertion. All of the soldiers whom I met regretted that they were not at the front. No one turned back. That was the dis­position of them all, and it is well that we should celebrate this day not only as Memorial Day for those who have gone, but as a recognition, as far as we can make it, of those American sol­diers who participated in this terrible World War. This reso· lution voices the sentiment of the Members of this House unani­mously, and I know that it voices the sentiment of the American people. I heartily approve of and shall -vote for the resolutions. At a later day I shall speak upon the war and our participation more in detail. [Applause.]

l\Ir. l\.IONDELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield 10 minutes to the gentleman from Indiana [Mr. FAIRFIELD].

1\fr. FAIRFIELD. Mr. Speaker, memorial institlitions to the thoughtful man appeal very strongly. They have their origin in the birth of a religion, in the birth of a nation, or in a crisis in either. We have as a heritage in our own civilization memo­rial institutions of the -birth of the Christian religion, memorial institutions of our country that originated in its birth or in events that saved it in a great crisis. To-day we honor the boys who gave themselves to the saving of the civilization of the world. Too fulsome eulogy can not be paid to these men. Once in the history of the world-a tragedy so great, so terrible, came upon civilization that no language is extra-vagant when applied to it.

With you to-day I have been thinking, not only from our en­trance into the war but from 1914, when out from a clear sky, without warning, there came the thunderbolt of all Europe en­gaged in a mighty struggle.

\Ve had been so long intoxicated with our own idealism that we had begun to believe that never again could there be a war on earth. We so little understood conditions in Europe that we did not know the war was inevitable. There were eddies in this country apparently running counter to it, but the gulf current of human events was bearing us on irresistibly to the maelstrom of war. You and I are too near to measure its causes or to com­prehend its vastness; too near to begin to understand its final results; but we are not too near to measure the circumstances that obtained in this country in 1914; we are _not too near to understand with what self-concern we thanked God that we were 3,000 miles away; that we thanked God that we were not in war and should not be-notwithstanding that Belgium was ravaged, that France was being undone, that savage modes of warfare were going on, that children in schools and hospitals were being bombed, for did not you and I assent to the proposition that we should be neutral, even in that, and we disseminated that thought to the farthest reaches of the rural population, and the men and the women of the country treasured it in their hearts as being adequate protection.

We can not deceive the soldier boys as to what ultimately thrust us into this war. We can not deceive the French, we can not decei>e the English, we can not <lecei>e the Germans.

452 CONG-RESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. ~fAY 30,

L t us not try to deceiYe om· lve . We were thrust into this "\\"Ur to defend our own ovet·eignty on the sea after it had not only been >iolated but when there was a threat of continued >iolntion. The e boys w-ho volunteered and who we1:e drafted had read with breathle ·s interest all the magazines and daily papers. Caref-ully they had ·canned and noted every kind of fighting anll outrage, and the blood of the humble boy was chilled. This war had to be fought out first in the mind and heart of the American l'leople before a single soldier was ·ent aero the sea. I talked recently with a man returning who had been on the Verdun front and who had continued in the army of occupation. He ·aiel to me that it was not so bad over there a.· it was in the anticipation of what might come. This may not be quite true, but it is of the quality of mind and heart of the generous American soldier.

Tho e boys in the country and the boys in the towns and in the citie had been as free a. air. For the fu• t time they were · .mbj t to military <li ·cipline and felt the shock of the camp, the hock of the denial of their per onalliberty, the bock of the hard discipline in th camp Ren-ice the shock of the transporta.­tion overseas. You who ha>e been upon the sea in the darlmes of the night when the wa' roll, when the stars refuse to hine, c.-an imagine what mu t ha>c been in the heart and mind of tho e boy·, to many of whom th yoyage itself was dreadful; what must lillve- been in the mind antl heart when those boy knew that ~my time up from the ~ubterrane:m eaYorns of the ocean a monster submarine might come. The human sufferincr, tl'le­agony of it an, makes it th mo t tTttgic e~rperience of the human race. Cireumstances such as these were ::u·otmcl the boy , and yet they had been reared in nn atmosphere so brave, o true, with ideals o high that this g1-eat pecple of otll's turned from a pacific to a militant attitude. No people could have been thus turned ave a self-r spectino--, educated, self-governin" people who Imew the principles of national righteousness and had them incnrnate<l in mind and heart.

These boys arc no long r boy·. They have aged into men in two hod years. The tragic exp riences through which they ha>e gone, whether her" or abroad, whetheT in thought only or in both thought and deed, have put a stamp upon them that slJU.ll tell their own gen ration about it and transmit it to generation yet unborn. We ball have fol' another 50 years among u men "ho bear in their bodies the marks of th-eir sacrifices foP tlleir country. It has ever been thu . l!~or 50 years after the Revo­luticn there were in every hamle-t the heroes of ConcoTtl and Lex­ington, and Bunker :S:ill and Saratoga, and Brandywine, of Val­ley Forge, and Trenton, arru Yorktown. This personal heFitage w·as ours from the sea in the War of 1812, while the homes in the West lealTI<?d the story of our seeond war for independence from those who fought at Lundy. Lane and New Orleans. The Mexi­can \Var gave u: another band in who e hearts the fires of patriotism bm·ned.

There lingers yet a remnant from that host tlrat from '61 to 'G5 ~ave all they had and offered all they ooped to be on the altar of their country. They fought to preserve the Union. w·e now know they fouo-ht to sa'\·e civilization itself. Liberty, not only h~re, but everywhere, hung in the balance in th fateful vear when the sad-faced Lincoln sat in the White House. The i-remen<lous is ues were clearly defined by him in that immortal ad<1rc sat Gettysburg. Hear him as he sets it forth in imp rish-able form : '

Four score and seven yNlrs ngo our fathers brought forth on this contim'nt a new nation, conceived in riberty and dedicated to the proposi­tion that ull men nrc crf'Uted equal.

·ow we are engaged in a ~reut Civil War, testing whether that !'<atl-on or any ruttion so eoncei.-eu and >'0 dedicated c::ur long endure.

A remnant only of th "bo:rs in blue" remain, but they have li>ed long enough to e their on shoulder to shoulder 'Yitlt the sons of tho e who wore the gray go " over the top " on the hloody tit!lds of lJ ranee. They have lived to see men honor th tlag from the South-and ~orth and East and West by pay­ing the la 't o-re at price in its defen -e. To-day we honor the oldier that aved the Union-that liberty might not die out. Th panish-Ametican >eteran came strong and tru to the

conutry's call. I can make no· di tinction between soldiers in any of the war . Th · ar all the soldiers of my country.

orne have suft'ered mor ", and the hearts of all, citizens and ·olili rs alike, "O out to them in grnteful recognition of the

priceless value of th ir sn rifice. The soldiers of this Great \far are home ::m<l' comin~ hom . Theirs has been a rare serv­ice. There i deep gratitude in the hearts of our people for ,...-hat they bus done. w·e welcome them to-day formally by this resolution. This is we-ll; but t11e love-lit eye of the dear ones at horne i ihe welcome that counts most. They are tired of war. They want only to be at home now with thos tbey loYe. To us ·who re-pre ent them i~ given the task of protecting in wise laws the institutions for which they fought.

We lrnow the causes which led u i11to the war. We declared war because our own rights wer in>aded. That is clear. However, we must not think any worthy olution of the peace of the wo~·Id is impos lble. " Fondly do we hope, earnestly do we pray" that somehow reason and con ·cience unu the thought of Him who holds the spanow in the hollow of His hand may at la t control this war-stricken world . Tbis js no party qu s- · tion. It must not be made one. The first draft has been modi­fied. 'l'llere may be other clu:ltlg<:'f.:. Thf"y may be necessary. Wisdom is not with anyone who blindly opposes nor 'v-110 as blindly upholds any form of th league of nations that is pro­posed. Rat:Qer is it with thos who tmly earnestly and hon­e ·tly to know the nature of the propo. ·ro covenant and to show forth the effects that in all probability will follow if the league is adopted.

The future is doub-ly ecure. Th ~oldiers of th~ World War ee with clear n ion. Their love of country has become a deep

and abiding passion. American to th core, they_ will not be willing that our heritage of more than a hundred an<l forty year ~ of pricele s liberty and abundant opportunity for the strugoUng mas. es of the world shall be lo ·t to their children or children's children. Altar of patriotism will h<> erected in 4,000,000 home~. So clear, so definite, o mark l in their thought i. the condition of the people of Europe contrasted with the happin of the people of this great Republic that these solcliers will turn with e>cr-increasing love and confidenc to the '\Vis<lom of the father . They will study our confe:;;sion of faith, the Declara­tion of Independence, and the Con.stitution of tile United Stat s a· never before. The events of our history wiU have a de pet· meaning. ·They understand now tbat thinoos do not happen. Wisdom and strength and hon ty in leadership is neces-­sary. Wi.se and just principles mu t b incarnate in that lea<lei'­ship. Such leader..;hip and such p1indpl ga>e us the Republi and bnve thus far pre ·erved it. \Va .~bington and Lincoln till live in the hearts of the Ameri~nn .~olclier a~ the fuU st e:xpr -sion of Americnni m. [Applau · .]

Mr. CLARK of Missomi. l\fr. Speaker, I yield 1() minutes t6 the gentleman from Califol'nia [1\Ir. LK-\.] . [A],)plaus .]

l\Ir. LEA of California. l\Ir. Sp aker, from the ve1·y b rrin­ning of the -nrar it was recogniz d tilnt there was but one termi­nation that could be contemplated by th American people, anti that was yictory. It wa fr ely re ·o~ni?.ed that whatever the price may be of Yictory America was goinr• to pay that pric"­We have paid that price financially an1l in the blood of our soi­di.ers. To-day >ictory is our .

To-day all over this land the.people of America will gather to expre ·s their appreciation and admiration of the oidier who fought beneath our i,lag and nowl'lete will the patriotic voice of America be lifted in begrudging th financial cost the war ha · in­~olved. We have poured out money un ·tintedly, greater than ever before contemplated in th financial circles of tfi wol"lu, and yet it is true to-day that tT1e total cxpen e of thi · war only equals the earning capacity of th Americ._w people for · ven months. Even while the wm· wa · heino- fought the Ame-tican people earned its total co. t two and a half tim . Here antl there may be a voice of depreciation, but the 19' month durincr which An).erica was at war ar th greate t months in the hi tory of tb.i country, in the history of the world. Reg.arclle s of what­ever any whining American mrry 5-ny, that will be th judgruC'nt of civilization, it will be the history of \meri a.. And o to-clay we do not turn- backward, but th in~piring call of America i::s, Forward face, advance to meet the pl·oJ)Iems and opportuuit · of to-morrow.

Now, we seek feebly to expre.:::; om· appreciation of this Nation, but nowhere in the world are then• lip. tlr." t can adequ~ tely x. pres' the gratitude of tlli great ~ation for its oldler living a.nd dead. . ·

Our soldiers are going to t·eturn to u, . Most of th m ar ~oing to return in good health and stren"'th. \Yl1at do we ow to them? ·we owe to them everla:tlng g1·ntituue. orne p.eopl wourd treat them as if th were tlep nllent~. a if they ho-uhl become wards of thi countrJ-· I do not believe that shouL.l be the attitude.

The true soldier of Axnerica is not returning in henltl.l. aml rtrength as a hero seeking alms. .\ll he a ·ks i . a fair Oi)pm·­

tunity in this best of lands to w rk ut hi · own ~alvation. II 1ind abundant eompen. ation for hi ~. · rvices in the fact that he fought and that he played a manly part in pre erving th int<'g­rity of the future of this country, the lancl of his hom anu th land of his hope. He represent the >irile, self-reliant manlloou of America. 1

The Nation will be generous in advancing their interc~t ', but after all is said and <lone we ha\"e nothing be.tt r t ~ive oru' rehlTning soldiers than til Repnl>lic of their father , n Go·rernment of liberty, of la,,- an<l ot'd.er, where the rights and

1919. CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-HOUSE. 453 liberties of minorities should be secure, where -ownership ·Of pri-ratc property is respected and encouraged, where the sacre<l­ne s of the old-fashioned home is still ·our nope and ·mcbar, a Government of equal rights before the law and opportunity for all. , · ' .

Tile mother of the returning soldier is fully compensated in the happy hour of his safe · return. ·Her prayers have tieen answered. ·She is compensated for ·the sleepless 'nlghts, the dis­turbed dreams, and all the days of anxious waiting.

The war has .given us back our wounded and maimed -soldiers. They return to civilian life handicapped by having paid their price for Victory. We have attempted to ·provide ·for them as no nation has ever provided before. We will go with them 'to the end of the journey. We seek to restore their health. We seek 'by vocational education to broaden the opportunities that yet remain to them, and to equip them to 'fight their own battle in civilian 1ife. More than that, we give them financial com­pensation to the end of the disability. ,When we have done all this we have not fully paid our obligation. 'The obligation is not paid unless the appreciation of the Nation shall go with them as long as they 'bear their scars and their maimed 'limbs. We are -not worthy of them unless we -appreciate .them long after they shall wear those badges of their loyalty ·no more.

The war shall not give back our dead. Our opportunity to compensate them is past. Our Government 'has .attempted partly to meet her obligation to them by preparing -insurance for their survivors. A chaplain in the war tells me that 'the knowledge that' a soldier had insurance, which be never doubted would be paid, has been a · consoling thougbt to many American boys dying on the fields of France. When the end approached and the mind wandered away ·from the din of battle and dwelt upon the loved ones at home the thought that they -would be cared for furnished a gleai:n of contentment in the mind of the dying soldier.

But we 4ave not compensated him. We know no compensa­tion for the mother that gave her son who never returned. For her the world holds no -compensation. There is no reward for the vacant chair, for the lips that can no longer speak the love of a father, husband, or son, for the arm that can no longer foster or defend. Yet 'their loved ones ·are not without consola­tion. For 40 centuries the world has believed, and ·perhaps for 40 centuries will yet believe, there is no R.obler death to die than upon the battle .field, fighting for country.

The soldier dead of America have 1eft to their Nation the proud heritage of a noble sacrifice. They fought in ·an Army that never retreated; they died in the righteous ·cause of their country. Their memory will live in the gratitude of their countrymen as long as Americans are worthy of that name.

Mr. 1\IONDELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield to the gentleman from Kansas [Mr. CAMPBELL]. [Applause.]

Mr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. Mr. Speaker, I .shall ronly take the time of the House to repeat 'Whaf I said this morning at an earlier hour to ·the surviving soldiers of three wars of this Republic:

No generation in the history of civilization has ·produced greater ·resu1ts than the -generation that preserved the Union and saved the Republic .of the United States. That was an event Of so great importance to all mankind that it can not be computed. Then, too, the developments and fmprovements that · followetl the ·war mark the greatest material · and social prog­ress in any period in ·human history. Our population multi-· plied to more than a hundred milli6n; -new inventions and ·dis­coveries were made that have -creat-ed new opportunities to reward the pursuit of :happiness in our oWn land and through­ollt the world. ·The hand sickle and the :flail, the stagecoaeh and the freight wagon, the spinning wheel and the loom, the crane and the Dutch oven, were the simple implements used in proviUing the neces ities of life when you old boys were young boys. These crude implements of industry have been sent to the antique shop by the reape-r, the thrasher, the tractor, by the limited express and the fast freight, by the coal, gas, and electric ranges in our kitchens which take the· plirce of the Dutch oven on the hearth.

We have shops with a million 'forges and factories with more · than a roiliion spin"dles. We have instant communication with every quarter of the globe, and fly in a few hours across con­tinents -and over seas. The span of your lives has seen this marvelous evolution in material progress. Your day and gener­ation performed the miracle of this great Change.

I cong1~atUlate you on the important fact that this develop­ment and progress were the result of individual initiative and individual industry and without the patronage of government. You enjoyed the hope of reward of individual excellenc-e an<;l accomplishment. You supported 'flle Government and only nsked that the Government make you secure in your life, h"berty,

and the ·pursuit of your happiness. Government bureaus did not assume to instruct you as to your going in and your coming

1 out. Government agents did not stand over you or shadow yoli .at ·every turn. Liberty of action and the hope of reward for 'individual effort were the inspiration of your day and generation. ·

11iav.e reminded you of our country's progress and prosperity through indlvidual accomplishment, achieved through the hope

'of individual reward, so I might urge _you us patriots and patriarchs to warn your ·sons and grandsons ·of the danger of paterna1ism,- so.cialism, Bolshevism, and an other "isms " that deny :the hope of individual reward for individual effort and achievement. Evidences are multiplying in Russia and througb­out the world that that government is best that only assumes to gua-rantee 'life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness and leaves the rest 'to the aspirations, the initiative, and the indus­try· of the individual.

You were soldiers and are the sires and grandsires of soldiers. Your blood ·has made glorious every 'field on which it :bas been engaged, at Fort Dona:lclson, at Shiloh, at Gettysburg, at ·San Juan, at Manila Bay,-at Marilao, at St. Mihiel, Chutea.u-'Thierr:y, ·at Argonne Forest. 'Tl'uly you Ci1n excla-im, " Mine reyes Ila:ve seen the glory."

All that has passed ·in our country's history is an inspira­tion and a hope for a future full of promise that all the guar­anties of a :great ·GoveTnment will 'be secured to the ,people of the Republic of the United States while they hold fast to that which is good-a government o:f the people, for the people, and by the people of the United States. [Applause.]

:Mr. MONDELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield 10 minutes to the gen­tleman 'from New York [Mr. PLATT].

Mr. PLATT. Mr. Speaker, I have no carefully pr-epared decla­mation in praise of -our soldiers and had 'llot Intended to sa-y any­thing to-day at an until I heard my friend, the gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. TREADWAY], speak of th-e Twenty~si:rth Divi­sion and its gallant work. Then it occurred to m.e that some one should say a word or two, at least, with rega:rd to the Twenty-seventh Division and perhaps the S~venty-seventh and other divisions which represented the State of New York.

First, let me say that I do not believe anybody in this House was m01.-e profoundly inte1•ested in this wa:r than I "\Yas from the beginning. I am sure some besides myself will recall the big map we had in the Speaker's lobby there in August and Sep­tember, ~914, when the Germans were speeding on toward Paris and when 'it seemed that nothi11g could stem the tide of their onrush. At le.Dt,<>i:h they were held at the Marne by -the French and driven back to the Aisne; and we remember tbe anxious days when we saw the little pins on the map stand still. We thought every day for several weeks that the -Germans were going to be driven back from the Aisne and out of France into their own borders. That hope in the coUl·se of the fall was shown to be false. Both sides dug in, and the line was stabi-lized, as they say, and the fluctuations for a long time were very slight, so that finally the map was taken down, a.s the Wa-r College men who came -here to move the pins found the-re was no moving to do, and· we bad to study the war in some other way.

It seemed to me probable almost from the first that we would get :into the · \-Yar if it 1asted more than .a year or two, and 1 recall talking ·With 'the gentleman from Pennsylvll.riia, DI:. TEMPLE, who is one of the most pro'foun{] students of history in the Hou-se of Representatives, about our ehances ,of .getting :into the war, along .in September or October, 1-s14, and he agreed that if the war lasted long enough the United States was almost certain to be drawn in, just us we were drawn into the earlier world war in the days of Na-poleon. I could not understand in 1915 and 1916 bow anybody could claim to be 'keeping us out of a war which everything seemed to show we were being dxa wn into. If this was a war for democracy in 1917 it was equally a war for democracy in ' 1914, 1915, and l9J...6. The de­struction of the Lusitania in May, 191..5, and other outrages com­mitted upon our people on the ocean made it per'fectily clear, it seemed to me, that the nation which bad started out so ruth­lessly ·on a career of world conquest was not only willing to tramp1e over the nghts ·Of neutrals in g-eneral, but had an abso­lute contempt for the people of the United States, .and thought they could not ·fight and would not fight; that they were honey­·combed with pacifism and pro-Germanism and wholly given over to pleasure -seeking aDd money making. Finally we did get into

. the figl1t, tardily, witl1out preparation, but in time oto give them ·a rude awakening. We slowly got our great Nation in motion, and I believe it is true 'that the valor ,of the American spi:rit .and the dash of our nlen won the war.

But, true us this is, we must :not seek to detract from :the credit -of our allies, who had borne the brunt of war so long before we began. Our men won because they were fresh and

454 OONGRESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE. MAY 30,

eager to fight. They went on the field of battle without the di cournging knowledge of the loss of brothers and cousins and dear friends, such as the English and French had had to suffer. They probably did not even realize how vital to success their presence .. was 'in the spring and summer of 1918. They had no idea of losing. They knew the great American people were be­hind them with tremendous resour<;es, and when they were given a chance they went ahead. The hardest thing for them was to · stand still and drill and prepare themselves in the camps. And I think that has always been so in American life.

A good deal has been said about the harshness of the court­martial system, and with truth I think, but it is not new ex­actly. I recall distinctly an old fellow who is still living up in my district, who fought in the Civil War, and remember ask­ing him one day," Charlie, what did you do in the Civil War?" He replied, "I fit and bled and died for my country in the guard­lwuse." He was a good deal of a wag, a harum-scarum fellow in his younger days; and, while I know he did his share of fighting when there was fighting on hand, there was some truth in his statement about the guardhouse. An army has to have disci­pline. It can not have it unless the men obey orders. It is hard for American boys to learn those things. They have been accustomed to independence at home and to acting entirely on their own initiative, and that is why discipline comes hard to them. But when it comes to actual fighting, when the time comes after sufficient training when they are ordered to ·go forward, they show what they are made of, and then they naturally win if victory is at all possible.

I am sorry to see some evidences of what may be called propa­g:mda against the officers of the American Army. I think it is true that the Regular Army conducted the military policy of the counh·y in this war, and I believe it was well conduc~ed. I be­lieve that is one thing that was well conducted in the war auJ i least open to fair criticism. Mistakes were made, but not nearly so many mistakes as were made in the Civil \Var or any of our earlier wars. In the North we raised volunteer re!!i­ments in the Civil War. The South had a better policy thuu the North. Companies and regiments were organized in the North in local districts, and officers were appointed from among

· local men, and in many cases generals were appointed from civil life, often with very little knowledge of technical military affairs. When those regiments finally went into battle what enormous losses they had. Many of ~he officers of those regi­ments became able leaders, but i t is also true that many did not. \Ve hear much of the successes and not much of the failm·es.

In this war the higher officers were taken, as a rule, fr<1m the R~gular Army. I know that there has been a good deal of heart­burning about that, but criticism of this policy can not properly be made, it seems to me, by anybody who understands war.

· Generally speaking, they were doing their work well , so far as the training of the men and the larger matters of strategy and tactics were concerned. Whether these Regular officers, when they got into actual action in going over the top, were better leaders than officers chosen fro.m the militia or from the train­ing camps I do not know. I have heard it said ·that when they got in motion natural leadership rather than training came to the front. Probably that is t rue, but natural leadership and training were often combined. Genius is after all about three­quarters industry and training in any line of endeavor. Some­body has to do the previous studying and planning, and the success that is won by the rush of final action does not come wholly through' the courage and dash of the men.

Now, I wish to say a word in regard to the Twenty-seventh Division, of New York. I went to New York to take such part as

·I could in the tremendous demonstration of welcome given to that division on the 25th of March. It was an inspiring sight. When the great city of New York starts out to honor its sol­diers, it gives them right royal welcome. Such a tremendous outpouring of people I have never seen before, and I am sure it must have been an inspiration even to the veterans who we1·e tired from the marching. It was my pleasure afterwards to hear Gen. O'Ryan tell about the fighting of the Twenty-seventh, and how they broke the Hindenburg line, and I have since then talkell with a good many of the men from the division. Three com11unies of it came from my district, and they are worthy of all the honor that has been given them. The men of the Seventy-seventh also fought splendidly, anu in fact we are all inclined to think the division in which our friends fought was the best division. I am sure that while we can not say too much in praise of the · valor of the men in the ' ranks who fought in the great battles of this war, we must also ·give full credit to their officers; and we must consider that as a rule they dicl ·not have the same advantages for popularity as the old Civil War officers had of having come from the same localities as the men. [.Applause.]

· The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time of the gentleman from New York has expired.

Mr. CLARK of Missouri. 1\Ir. Speaker, I yiel<.l 10 minutes to the gentleman from Georgia [l\fr. LANKFonn].

The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from Georgia is recognized for 10 minutes. '

l\lr. LANKFORD. Mr. Speaker, as surely as the works of God are eternal, and as surely as God shapes and controls the destiny of nations, so surely are the works of him who serves his country, in a great cause, everlasting. He can never die.

Our patriots of the past are not dead, although they have passed off this stage of action. They still live in the hearts of their countrymen and in the very life of the great Nation which they helped to buil~.

Washington still lives, wherever the air of freedom is breathed ; Lincoln still lives, wherever love of country is ad­mired; and Lee still lives, wherever chivalry, true manhood, and Christian character ·are respected.

The deeds of valor, of sacrifice, and of service -of our noble men and women in this Great lVar shall last as long as the sun in yonder sky shall shine. The people of this country who have contributed in any ':vay to winning this war can never, never die. They shall ever live in the everlasting, ever-increa ing glorious achievements of the greatest Nation on earth; in a world-wide democracy; in a league of nations worked out in accordance with God's great plan, and in an everlasting peace. God made our Nation great and full of the love of free­dom, and sent our armies into the conflict when they were needed to save the day for civilization and freedom. He raised up a great generation and a great people, and raised up great men to lead us in the mighty conflict, and we won. America was destined to shape the destiny of the world. · 'J~he Omnipotent has always prepared a people equal to the task to be performed, and He has always prepared a leader when He needed a leader. Just as surely as He sent Christ to die for the sins of men ; just as surely as He prepared 1\Ioses to lead the Israelites out of Egypt; just as surely as He prepared Washing­ton to free the Colonies from bondage, so surely did he prepare \Voodrow Wilson to Jead o-m· Nation in these perilous times. [Applause.] To-day Woodrow Wilson, with the liberty-loving peoples of the earth gathered about him, standing on the top of the highest mountain peak of the world' s history, is delivering to the nations of the world the commandments once delivered to man on Sinai, and is preaching " Peace on earth and good will toward men." "Woodrow Wilson, with the wisdom of Solo­man and the patience of Job; with the meekness of Moses and

· the vision of Isaiah; with the talent of David and the judgment of Paul; with the courage of Peter and the gentleness of John; with the ·statesmanship of Washington, the patriotism of Lin­coln, and the leadership of Lee--such a man meeting such an hour could only come from the 1\Iaster Mind, who always sends a Savior in the fullness of time."

A great people with great leaders constituting a great Nation has been raised up with a great destiny. Their duty has been performed. Their glory is immortal. [Applause.]

Mr. CLARK of l\Iissouri. Mr. Speaker, I yield 10 minutes to the gentleman from Illinois [1\Ir. GALLAGHER].

The SPEAKFJn pro tempore. The gentleman from Illinois is recognized for 10 minutes.

1\Ir. GALLAGHER. 1\Ir. Speaker and gentlemen, it was not my intention 'vhen I came into the House to-day to speak to the pending resolution, and I would not now but for my desire to call attention to one or two facts that seem to have been over­looked in the very beautiful tributes that we· have listened to to-day to the armed forces of the United State , and to call atten­tion to the unjust and unfair statement made regarding our alien population.

We all glory in the growth and in the mighty power of this Republic. It is a great couritry, as the world has discovered. It has been made great and it has progressed because ·we have draw~ upon the best blood of the peoples of the world, and the development of the country, the ingenuity of our people, and the way we do things is the cause of wonder everywhere. We are

. naturally proud of the achievements of our Army abroad. 'l'hcy rendered a service to our country not only on the field of battle, but one that will no doubt hereafter make our flag respecte<l wherever it proudly .floats. We glory in men who sacrificed

. their lives in the mighty struggle for justice and for rigllt. As the President said, "The pbrposes of the United States in this war are known to the whole world-to every people to whom the truth has been permitted · to come." We did not enter this war for any selfish purpose of our own, but to

. "bring peace and safety. to all nations and make the world itself at last free." All praise to the New World Army; they fought bravely against poisoned gas and in the trenches, and

1919. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE .. 455

they won, although not given muc-h credit abroad; and what they om: Allies ami urged them on with rene'.Yed <..>ourage to strike want as they return is an opportunity that helps a man to be a the blow that brought victory to our cause .

. man. [Applause.] Let me- finish with a verse or a poem by D. F. McCarthy in But there is also praise and glory due to those soldiers who bis great ttibnta t& elll" glorim:rs fu.l.g:

were compelled to remain here, where . they rendered v11luable Here'S' our love to you., tia.g- of -tfie tree, and loyal service. It was not al{)ne the fact that we were . And fiag of the tried aud true. winning battles in France that br(}ught about the armistice so ' Here's our love to your streaming strip~s

, And your stars in a field of blue ; soon, but it was because of the prep11ration that we were mak- Here'"s· oa:r Ion to you.r sillten folds ing in this country to win the war-, that the en€my knew. about~ Wherever they wave <YD. high~

that hastened the Central Powers to ask for- peace. The work Fo~~o~~~ ~~~.f ~e~t 1f~~ a man to dle. of all kinds that was done in this country, the prlvatiollS' en.- . . . . . dured by the people everywhere to baek up the efforts- ot our . Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Speaker,. I yield 10 nnrmtes to Army abroa~ and the courageous and splendid ork of the the gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. DAVIs]. Navy are among the reasons why we achieved the su.ceess we Mr. DAVIS of Tennes.~ lUtr. Sp~er a11:d g~tle~en o:f the did upon the blood-stained fields of France. House, much has been sm<1:~ much ~I ~e sauly m pra1se of ~he

We should remember and not overlook the fact in speaking valorous deeds of the Amenc?-n s~ld1ers m t~e Great War w~cll of our- growth~ advancement, and power that the people who was recently brought to a VIctorwu~ ~d ng~~eous.c.onclusw?: came from other shores anxious for liberty and freedom, and How_ever,. to?. nrnch e~ not b~ smd .. m. theu .vra;se .. Thm:. who mad their homes here: helped us to develop this country heroism, theu se-Jf-sacrtfice, their patt 1ot1sm, Will ttv_e m song and makee it what it is. They are also· entitled to some of the and sto~ and .history forever. Th~se ¥"oun~ heroes WIH_ foreve1.· credit for the- progress we have made. But the co1U'Se we have be enshnned m t.he he?-rts ?f t~~Ir c5mntrymeiL Their _tleeds pursued for· upward of a hunared years o:f welcoming immigra.- of . val?r aml. hermsm._ will fo~:ever mspiTe the youth of the land. tion to the United States some are now attemptfng to- chnnge So fa:r as language :t.s: conc.ern¢ we can. but enlarge upon the and they ·would shut the door against the· people who want t~ Ireauti:!ully worded resO<Lution offered by the gent~~man ~om come he:re and share in: our prosperity. I am against any sueh ~yommg .[Mr:. 1\ioND~}. ·. Howe~er,. I _trust tha.t this Congress legislation. I can remember when it was the -policy o:f tliis. will sp~:m1y enaet l~g1slat10n which w~H r~cogrnze and ~ew:.u-tl Government to welcome the oppressed of every lanCE t(} our the na;olsm aDd sacrifices o1 these soldiers Ill a substantial fi.D.d shores~ benefi~Ial way. . . . .

In the· days when r went to sch{)Ol we used to sing in the I WISh t(} licy ~a garlaud.of pure white lili~ at the feet o:f the morninO" at the openin of the exercises: · , mothers ruHl w~ves~an.d .sisters. ~d daugbtets of tlie heroe~ of

b' g this w:u-, who, msprred by J)at1"1obsm ami love, devotedly t01led America, sweet ~ountry deal', filt every race n. home; and suffel~ed and prayed for their eountry and their' 10Ved on.es, We love· the land of lil)erty n.nd all wflo hUber come. and many of whom are now wearing, or are entitled to wear,

But that is not to be the policy :from now on if some people the .golden star. .And we shmllld not forget those hundreds of have their way. nor will such a song be pop,ular. It was stated thollSands ot soldiers ' hO' were held in the various: camps in :tie:re this: aftern()()Ir-and I was. somewhat ~d a.t the th:i.s country,_ who were· sa.bjerted to the hard, tedi-ous, monoto­assertion-that 10,()()().,()()() aliens in this colmtry refused tO> fight no-us grind of' military tuaining"' but who; mneh to thei:r regret

'during this war. I do not lmow where- the gentleman who· aml disappointment, were denied the privilege of engaging in a made the unjust statement got his figures,. but I do- lmow spectacular mauner .in this Great War and deprived m. an oppor­s'pmethin.g: of the alien population. of this country ;. he evidently tuni:ty tu inscri:"be their names: upon the scro-ll of fame. They does net. The section o-f the country from which the gentleman silmrld be remembered. They are entitled: to- their share of who made that assertien comes has very few alillns in. it~ antl praise, and 1 say this in :2ll sincerity, notwithstanding the fact few alien ever cared to ma..ke their home ill. that neighbor- th::tt I have- a son,. even no-w bWi 18: yenrs of' age. who recently hOOd. returned :from overseas afte-r- having rende-red active serviee on

I ret)l'esent a district made up largely of foreigners- and tlre the :Metz and Argonne-Meuse fronts. children of foreigners, with very few Americans. in: it. Does However,. it is inevitable that those who- crossed the seas, anybody believe- that we did not furnish OUl.' quota fop the those who were offered and who seized the opporttmi.ty of doing .Army? Does anybody believe tll:a.t they did not willingly volun- . their pm-t. in that larger way,.· will be- more a~-elftimed' th.all. te.er for the Army and Navy in thltt district without waiting: to. those who- we1·e not so fortunate~ be drafted? Hundreds who were entitled to exemption waived No army eve-r went to fia.ttie: witll: a higher, a more unseilish, their rights and went in under the draft. They showed their and more patriotic. pu-rpose than did the .Amerieo:n soldiers-not courage and they showed: their Americanism, and they went to · for self-aggrandizement, not for teTritory, but in behalf not only the front like any other soidier of tbe Republic~ Aliens. by the· of our own country but of the downtrodden people of an the thousands in this country were anxious to enlist, but were de- world. It was exceedingly meet that the greatest Republic prived of an opportunity because they were subjects of c-ountries in aii the tide' of time should enlist in this- waF for· d:em.oemcy with whictl. we were at war. ~ot onl'y in this wa.r, out in every and liberty, and I think that no more beautiful sentiment wns war. we ha:'Ve· ever ha~ the- foreign-barn residents of A.mel'iea expressed during the war than that. by Gen. Pers.hing, who, nave taken a part. Why, in the Civil War my oldest b:rothe:r reverently standing with bowed: head at the· to:rn.!J of LM:n,yette, at ~6 years of age was in the Army of the Potomac fm; nearly said, "Lafayette, we are- Ilere.'r And we·· w~re there'~ and we four years_ Regiments- of JriBIL soldiers were in the Oivil War, ·continued to go- in increasing numbers, and ·with renewed- en­as-were those· of other nationalities, and in every other wa.r- we thusiasm: as time went on. We did not arrive- nn hol.'l:r too soon~ have ever had, and we find monuments in this city to Lafayette, but we did arrive in time, turned the tide of battle, and mat~ Kosciusko, Pulaski, Von Steuben, Barry, ,::md Sheridan~ and rially helped to win the gTeat victory. I shall not take time reading history you can find Irish names: as plentiful runong to recount specifically aBy of t11e deeds of valoT and of eouru.ge the Revolutionary heroes: as. you can find them upon the mem- displayed by · the American soldiers, except to state that it bership roll of this House to-day. Tfiey fought in that glorious was a source of pride to· me the other day thn.t the- entfre mem­struggle for liberty, believing that this country would remain bership of this House rose en masse and gr~ted a Fetm-ned wlmt it has always been~ the hope of the oppressed everywfie.re. soldier who- resides in my own State; a.n.d! who. is gener:ally Forei.,<Pil. names! Look at the casun:rty lists sent o-ver from· acclaimed as the greatest individual hero o·f the- '\:V€1-rld War-~. ·France, as published in the daily papers.; foreign: name~ one Sergt. Alvin C. York. [Applause.} I was proud of him and after another. But aliens by the thousandS :n:e now waiting his superb- eourage and marvelous· achievements. However, f01· an opportunity to leave the couutcy bQcause ot certain re- there are innumerable other heroes from my Stnte and from strictive legislation a:nd because they believe in personal liberty. every State in the American Unien. There is glory enough It is unfair to stand up here and say~ witllout the facts, th-at for them all, both officers an.d· men,. as well as for the countless 10,000,000 aliens refused to enter the Army of the United· States. hosts who remained at home and toiled to the best o:f their ~ CounCil o-f Nati.onn.l Defense, the State .eouneils, and the· ability in various spheres and capacities. In fact, with few draft · boards, the women .w.h-q. knitted and: these who sewed,. exceptions, the-American. people almost man. to man nnd w-:man those who, nu.rsed the: siek and woundedi and ca:red! fbl:i om to woman enlisted wholeheartedTy in the great war ngninst troops in the trenC'hes and on the battle· fi-eW.s, ruU eontribu.too to desi;>utism and: militarism. ·our ·suecess, as did the labor forces of the country, an~ are-.all ] .wish! to state; in c.on.clusiou, that these \Varltl Wru:· vetera:ns -entitled to ·share in the glory achieved', and there is gl:ory. · are retllrnfng to our sh<>res- with broa.denecl vi lou with quick­enough for alL We fought a great fight because we: fought ene·a step, with. heighten d i-mpulser with increasell pat.riotism­for the tlllngs we believe to be right, and· our fulg W::ts: an. f.ru. better eitizens;- trne1r Ameriea:ns than c\er-nnd tl.:rr'se· rC'1 nrn­spiration on the battle line to the worn and struggling armi~ ot · ing heroes will in the future direct the eucrgies, contrvl tlm

456 - ·CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE·. MAY 30,

policies, and shn.pe the destinies of this great Nation. [Ap. plause.] - 1\fr. 1\fONDELL. Mr. Speaker, as there are no other gentle­men who desire to speak, I offer the amendment which I called to the attention of the House at the beginning of these exer­cises, and ask {bat it be now read.

The SPEAE:ER pro tempore. The gentleman from Wyoming offers an amendment, which the Clerk will report.

The Clerk read as follows : · Page 1, line 13, after the word " served," insert " on the selective­

service boards and," and at the end of line 13 insert the word "patri­otic," so that it will read :

"That the thanks of Congress are hereby extended to those who served on the selective-service boards and in the various auxiliary forces, whose humane and benevolent work at home and on the field of battle contributed so greatly to the comfort and support of our valiant war· riors." .

1\Ir. MONDELL. 1\Ir. Speaker, the purpose of this amend­ment is definitely and clearly to recognize the services of the selective-service boards sometimes known as draft boards.

l\Ir. WELLING. Will the gentleman yield for a suggestion? l\fr. 1\IONDELL.. Yes. l\fr. WELLING. The inclusion of the selective-service boards

is, of course, very proper, but they neither as isted materially in the " comfort " or the " support " of our soldiers, referred to in line 1, page 2. It seems to me, in order to complete the thought that the gentleman has in mind, the word "organiza­tion" ought to be inserted before the word" comfort," in line 1, page 2, so that it would read:

That the thanks of Congress are hereby e.."ttended to those who served on the selective-service board and in the various auxiliary forces, whose patriotic, humane, and benevolent work at home and on the field of battle contributed so greatly to the organization, comfort, and support of our valiant warriors.

Because these selective-service boards were engaged chiefly, it seems to me, in the organization of those forces. ·

1\lr. DAVIS of Tennessee. If the gentleman will yield, would not the word " mobilization " be better than " organization •:?

Mr. WELLING. I have no desire, l\Ir. Speaker, to encumber the resolution--

Mr. MONDELL. I fully realize that, and I thank the gentle­man for the suggestion. I was just thinking for a moment and running it over in my mind. We went very thoroughly and very carefully into this, and I will admit that the amendment that I offered, which it was necessary to offer because of my good­natured agreement, to the change of a single word, involves possibly a little further chang~

1\Ir. WELLING. ';l'be word" organization" seems to me best suited to complete the thought. .

Mr. l\IONDELL. I think possibly the word " organization," of the two that have been suggested, is, perhaps, the better, and I have no objection to that, Mr. Speaker.

The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Clerk will report the amendment.

The Clerk rea.d as follows: Amendment offered by Mr. WE:r.LING to the amendment offered by Mr.

MONDELL: On page 2, line 1, before the word "comfort," insert the word " organization." - The SPEAKER pro tempore. Does the gentleman ask unani­

mous consent for the modification of the amendment? 1\Ir. MONDELL. I do. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection? [After a

pause.] The Chair bears none. The question is on the amend­ment as modified.

The question was taken, and the amendment n.s modified was adopted.

Mr. MONDELL. Mr. Speaker, I move the adoption of the resolution as amended.

The question was taken, ·and the resolution as amended was unanimously agreed to.

ADJOURNMENT.

Mr. MONDELL. l\Ir. Speaker, I move that the House do now adjourn. ·

The motion was agreed to ; accordingly (at 4 o'clock and 36 minutes p. m.) the House adjourned until Saturday, l\fay 31, 1919, at 12 o'clock noon. -

EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, a letter from the acting presi­

dent of the Civil Service Commission, requesting permission to destroy certain useless papers in the files of the commission (H. Doc. No. 66), was taken from the Speaker's table, referred to the Committee on Disposition of Useless Executive Papers, and ord.ered to be printed.

PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, AND MEMORIALS. _ Under clause 3 of Rule XXII, bills, resolutions, and memorials

were introduced and severally referred as follows : By Mr. FREAR: A bill (H. R. 4061) to provide departmental

budget and tax revenue estimates, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Ways and Means. ~Y Mr. BYRNS ?f Tennessee: A bill (H. R. 4062) to appro­

_pnate $500,000 to a1d the Andrew Jackson Memorial Association in the ·erectiop of a monument at Nashville, Tenn., to commemo­rate the life, character, and services of Andrew Jackson· to the Committee on the Library. · '

Also, a bill (H. R. 4063) to amend section 162 of the act entitled "An act to codify, revise, and amend the laws relating to the judiciary," approved March 3, 1911; to the Commit:tee on the Judiciary.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4064) to provide for the reduction of mile­age to actual transportation expenses of Representatives and Senators; to the Committee on Mileage. ·

Also, a bill (H. R. 4065) to locate, map, and mark field of battle fought near Nashville, Tenn., December 15 and 16 1864 · to con­struct driveways, etc., and make an appropriation fo~· same· to . the Committee on l\filitary Affairs. '

Also, a bill (H. R. 4066) to establish a fish hatchery and bio­logical _ station in the sixth congressional district of the State of Tennessee; to the Committee on the Merchant Marine and

_Fisheries. • Also, a bill (H. R. 4067) to relieve Congress from the adjudi­

cation of private claims_ against the Government · to the Com-mittee on the Judiciary. '

Also, a bill (H. R. 4068) to authorize the appointment of Phil­ippine constabulary and Philippine scout officers to the grades of captain and first and se~ond lieutenants in the Army· to the Committee on Military Affairs. '

By Mr: HARDY of Colorado: A bill (H. R. 4069) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the town of Las Animas Bent County, in the State ·of Colorado, one German cailiwn o.; field· piece; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4070) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the town of Pueblo, Pueblo County, in· the State of Colorado, one German cannon or fieldpiece· to the Committee on l\lili tary Affairs. '

Also, a bill (H. R. 4071) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the town of Saguache, Saguache County, in the State of Colorado, one German cannon or fieldpiece ; to the Committee on Military Affairs. · ...

Also, a bill (H. R. 4072) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the town of Trinidad, Las Animas County in the State of Colorado, one German cannon or fieldpiece; to the Com-mittee on :Military Affairs. .

Also, a bill (H. R. 4073) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the town of Eads, Kiowa County, in the State 'of Colo­rado, one German cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4074) authorizing the Secretary of War t() donate to the town of Springfield, Baca County, in the State o.! Colorado, one German cannon or fieldpieCe; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4075) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the town of Rocky Ford, Otero County, in the State of Colorado, one German cannon or fieldpiece; to the Qommittee on Military Affairs. _ ·

Also, a bill (H. R. 4076) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the town o:f Golden, Jefferson County, in the State of Colorado, one German cannon or fieldpiece ; to the Committee on Military Affairs. .

Also, a bill (H. R. 4077) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the town· of Florence, Fremont County, in the State of Colorado, one German cannon or fieldpiece ; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4078) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the town of Lamar, Prowers County, in the State of Colorado, one German cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on l\filitary Affairs.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4079) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the town of Walsemburg, Huerfano County, in the State of Colorado, one German cannon or fieldpiece; to the Com­mittee on Military Affairs.

By Mr. WINGO: A bill (H. R. 4080) authorizing the Secre­tary of ·war to donate to the county of Polk, State of Arkansas, to be placed in the courthouse grounds in the city of Mena, one German cannon or fieldpiece with carriage and suita.'blJ number of shells; to the Qommittce on Military Affairs. ·

.

1919. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 457 ----------------------------------~------------------·------------------

Also, a bill (H. R. 4081) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the county of Miller, State of Arkan,sas, to be placed in the courthouse grounds in the city of Texarkana, one Ger­man cannon or fieldpiece with carriage and suitable number of shells; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4082) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the southern district of the county of Logan, State of Arkansas, to be placed in the courthouse grounds in the city of Booneville, one German cannon or fieldpiece with carriage and suitable number of shells; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4083) authorizing the Secretary of War. to donate to the county of Crawford, State of Arkansas, to be placed in the courthouse grounds in the city of Van Buren, one German cannon or fieldpiece with carriage and suitable number of shells; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

Also, a bill· (II. R. 4084) authorizing the S~cretary of War to donate to the county of Howard, State of Arkansas, to be placed in the courthouse grounds in the city of Nashville, one German cannon or fieldpiece with carriage and suitable number of shells; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

A~so, a bill (H. R. 4085) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the -northern di~trict of the county of Logan, State of Arkansas, to be placed in the courthouse grounds in the city of Paris, one German cannon or fieldpiece with carriage and suitable number of shells; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4086) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the county of Scott, State of Arkansas, to be placed in the courthouse grounds in the city of Waldron, one German cannon or fieldpiece, with carriage and suitable number of shells; to the Committee on Military Affairs. .

Also, a bill (H. R. 4087) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the county of Little River, State of Arkansas, to be placed in the courthouse grounds in the city of Ashdown, one German cannon or fieldpiece, with carriage and suitable number of shells; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

Also, a bill (II. R. 4088) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the county of Montgomery, State of Arkansas, to be placed in the courthouse ground in the town of l\Iount Ida, one German cannon or fieldpiece, with carriage and suit­able number of shells; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4089) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the Fort Smith district of the county of Sebas­tian, State of Arkansas, to be placed in the courthouse grounds in the city of Fort Smith, one German cannon or fieldpiece, with carriage and suitable number _of shells; to the Committee on l\1ili ta ry .Affairs.

Also, a bill (H. R.. 4090) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the Gi·e nwood district of the county of Sebastian, State of Arkansas; to be placed in the courthouse grounds in the town of Greenwood, one German cannon or fieldpiece, with carriage and suitable number of shells; to the Committee on l\I ili ta ry Affair .

Also, a bill (H. R. 4091) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the county of Pike, State of Arkansas, to be placed in the courthou e grounds in the town of Murfreesboro, one German cannon or fieldpiece, with carriage and suitable num­ber of shells; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4092) aut~orizing the Secretary of War to donate to the county of . Sevier, State of Arkansas, to be placed in the courthouse grounds in the city of De Queen, one German cannon or..fieldpiece, with carriage and suitable number ()f shells; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

By l\1r. SINNOTT: A bill (H. R. 4093) to amend an act ap­proved Ma1-ch 26, 1908, entitled "An act to provide for the repay­ment of certain commissions,- excess payments, and purchase moneys paid under the public-land laws"; to the Committee on the Public Land .

By 1\Ir. JOHKSON of- Mississippi : A bill (H. R. 4094) to pro­vide employment and rural homes for those who have served with the military and naval forces through the reclamation of lands to be h·nown as the " national soldier farm act " ; to the Committee on the Public Lands.

By Mr. HARRISON: A bill (H. R. 4095) to authorize the Secretary of War to provide military instruction in the acade­mies, colleges, and public high schools, furnish military equip­ment to same, and to detail officers as military instructors therein; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

By Mr. KAHN: A bill (H. R. 4096) to authorize the Secre­tary of War to grant the use of land and camp equipment to the United States Training Corps for Women and to detail Army officers ror service at recreational camps; to the Committee on Military Affairs. · By Mr. HICKS: A bill (H. R. 4097) granting an honorable discharge to certain enli ted men of the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard; to the Committee on Naval Affairs.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4098) prescribing the rates of pay of the Navy and Coast Guard enlisted personnel; to the Coii\mittee on Naval Affairs. .

Also, a bill (H. R. 4099) providing for the granting of honor· able discharge to certain members of the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Naval Affairs. ·

By Mr. RANDALL of California: A bill (H. R. 4100) to m;nend paragraph 220, Schedule G, of the tariff act of October 3, 1913 ; to the Committee on Ways and Means:

Also, a bill (H. R. 4101) to provide·. for the purchase of a site and the erection of a public building at Pomona, Calif. ; to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds.

Also, a bill (H. R.' 4102) to provide for the erec_tion of a public building at Long Beach, Calif.; to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds.

By 1\Ir. FLOOD: A bill (H. R. 4103) authorizing the Sec:!.'e­tary of War to donate to the town of Newcastle, Va., one German cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4104) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the city of. Staunton, Va., one German cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4105) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the town of Palmyra, Va., one German cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. .

Also, a bill (H. R. 4106) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the town of Buchanan, Va., one German cannon or fieldpiece ; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4107) for the erection of a monument to the memory of Gen. George Rogers Clark ; to the Committee on the Library.

Also, a bill (H. n. 4108) providing for the erection of a public building in the city of Staunton, Va.; to the Committee on Public Builqings and Grolmds.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4109) for the control and regulation of the water of Niagara River above the Falls, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4110) for the control and regulation of the use of boundary waters of the United States for power pur­poses, and for other purposes ; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs.

By l\lr. JACOW AY: A bill (H. R. 4111) authorizing the Sec­retary of War to donate to the town of Russellville, Ark., two captured German cannons or fieldpieces, with carriages, for decorative and patriotic purposes; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4112) a·uthorizing and d~recting the Secre- · tary of \Va1· to donate to the town of Clarksville, Ark., two cap­tured German cannons or fieldpieces, with carriages, for deco­rative and patriotic purposes; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

By Mr. ASWELL: A bill (H. R. 4113) authorizing the Sec­retary of War to donate to the city of Alexandria, La., one German cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Milita1·y Affairs.

Also, a bill .(H. R. 4114) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to cities and towns in Louisiana German cannon or fieldpieces; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

By 1\Ir. WELTY: A bill (H. R. 4115) authorizing the Secre­tary of War to donate to the city of Lima, County of Allen, State of Ohio, one German cannon or fieldpiece; to the Com­mittee on Military Affairs.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4116) to donate two captured cannons or fieldpieces to the city of Wapakoneta, Auglaize County, Ohio; to the Committee on 1\Iilitary Affairs. .

Also, a bill (H. R. 4117) to donate one captured cannon or fieldpiece to the village of Tippecanoe, Miami County, Ohio; to the Committee on Military ~.<\ffairs. _ ·

Also, a bill (H. R. 4118) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the village of Anna, Shelby County, Ohio, one Ger­man cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on 1\Iilitary Affairs.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4119) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the village of Bradford, Miami County, Ohio, one German cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on l\lilitary Affairs.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4120) to donate· a captured cannon or gun to · the village of Yorkshire, Darke County, Ohio; to the Com­mittee on Military Affairs.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4121) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the memorial commission of Fort Amanda, Allen County, Ohio, four German cannons or fieldpieces ; to the Com-mittee on Military Affairs. .

By Mr. ROGERS: A bill (H. R. 4122) to provide for the pur­chase of a site and the erection of a new post-office building at

458 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MAY 30,

Andover, l\Iass.; to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds

By Mr. DALLINGER : A bill (H. R. 4123) to protect citizens of the Unite(! States .a<>'ainst lynching in default of protection by the States; to the Commit tee on th~ J"udicinry.

By 1\Ir·. JACOWAY: A bill (H. 'R. 4124) toe ltublish marketing uepartments in agricultural colleges in the ·everal :States of the United St.ates; to the Committee on Agricul~nr~

Also, a bill ·(H. R. 4125) appropriating 350;000 for tbe eon­struction of dredge boats for dredging on the Arknn ·as River; to the Committee un nivers and Harbors. ·

Also, a bill (H. n. 4126) .apprppriuting 350,000 for the eon­struction of dredge boats for dredging on .fue ... ~l'l-ansa lliver; to tbe Committee on llivers und Harbors.

ALso, a bill (H. R. 4127) t6 provide for the i mprovement of navigation on the Arkansas River; to th~-Comrnittee -on llivers

· an<.l Harbors. Also, a bill (H. R. 4.128) providing for a survey of Arkansas

River, AI:k., with a view to making same navigable; to tlle ·Com­mittee on llivers and Harbors.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4129) for the erection of a_public bull<ling at Conway. Ark.; to the Committee on ·Public Buildings and Grounds.

Also, a bill (H. n. 4130) for fhe erection of a public building ot 'Morrillton~ Ark. ; to ·the Committee on :Public :Buihlings and G1·ounds.

.Also, a bill (H. R. 11131) for .the erection .of a public building at Conway, Ark.; to the Committe.e on Public BuiWiuns und Grounds.

Also; a ·bill (H. ll. 4132) for tlle pnrch.a of a site arul the erection <Jf a p11blic building ot Little Rock. Ark. ; to the ·Com­mittee on Public Buildings and Grounds.

Also. a bill .(H. R. 4133) for .the purclluse of a site anu the erection thereon of a -public building at 1\iorrillton, Ark. ; to the Committee on Public Buililings and Grounds.

• Also, a bill '(IL R. 4.134) for the purchase nf n ·He and the '(U"ection of .11 public building at Little Rock, ~Ark. ; to the Com­mittee on Public Buildings and Grounds.

·By Mr. FREAR: Joint re ohrtion (II. J. Res. S3) to provide a .joint · .budget committee compo ed of the .,Vay and Means Com­mittee of ·the House and .the Finance Committee ·.of tlle Senate; to the Committee on Ways and Means.

By M.I:. KAHN: ~oint Tesolution (H. J . .fi.es. 84) ro provide ;for the 'J)ayment of travel pay UJ>On ilisclla.rge t o men of the Regular Army enlisted wior -to April 2, 11.917 ; -to the Committee on Military Affairs.

Also, joint resolution (H. J. Res. 85) relating to the induction of .registrants who applied and wbo were accepted for induction and assigned . to edueational institutions for special and tech~ nical training under the pl'Ovi ions .of the act approved .August 31, 1918, but whose induction, without fault of their own, was not completed; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

By Mr. P.ARK: Joint resolution ~H. J. R-e . 8()) authorizing the Secretary of War to loan tents and other material to the Albany Chamber of Commerce, of Albany, Ga .• . and the South Georgia Association of the Woodmen of tbe ·world, for the annual loO'· rolling and encampment of the Georgia :Woodmen of the Wo1·Id, to be .held in Albany, Ga.; to the Committee ou Military Affairs. · •

By Mr. MASON: ResoluUon (H. Res. -86) to investigate pay­ment of .interest and principal on Russian bonds; to the Com­mittee on Rules.

By Mr. ELLIOTT: Resolution (H. Res. 87) to allow the chairman of U1e Committee on Expenditures in the Stat~ De­paxtroent to appoint a clerk to said committee ; -to the Commit­tee on Accounts.

By Mr. IRELAND; Resolution (H. Res. 88) authorizing the Doorkeeper to _appoint an additional page ; to the Committee on Accounts.

By l\1r. JACOWAY: Resolution (H. Res. 89) requesting the Secretary of Agriculture ·to rewrt to the House th~ .b.uildings occupied by tbe Department of Agriculture, the runount of floor space, the number of employees in ~ach, and other information ; to the Committee on Agriculture.

By 1\I.r . . IRELAA"'D: Resolution (H. Res. 90) authorizing tbe payment of charwomen necessarily employed under direction of the Superintendent of the Capitol Building; to the Commit­~e on Accounts.

?RIV ATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS.

Under· clause 1 of Rule XXll. private bills and ~·esolutions \vere introduced and everally referred a-a follows:

By Mr . .ASHBROOK: A bill (H. R. 4135) ~ranting an in­eT nsc of pension to George ,V. West; to the Committee on InYalid P en ions. ·

:By .l\Ir. BOOHER: A bill (H. n. 4136) granting an increase of pension to Ge:orge 1\1. Jacobs; to the Committee on Invalid X'e.nBions. ·

By 1\1r. BYRNS of T nnE:'s. ·ee : A biH (H. R. 4137) to compen­&J.te th.e Nashvllle Trust Co., of Nashville, Tenn., trustee under the will of .E. ,V. Cole, <l ceased, for <lama~es to n building situ­ated on 1he eurne.r of Union trcct and Fourth Avenue north, in Jashville, , .. 'enn., nnd 'h.-now n as the Cole Builcling, as the Tesul± of ~ blast in improting the channel of the Cumberland ·River by a United States ·Governme nt boat on l\1onday, August 13, 1912 ; to tho Committee on C tuims.

Also, a b1ll (H. n. 41.38 ) for t he relief of Kiriney, l\1cLu ughlln & Co.; o the Commit tee on· Claim .

Also, u bill (R. R. 41.8 ) ~.antlng a -pension to Surnb E. Brady, widow of Nathaniel E . . Brady; to the Committee on Pensions.

Also, a bill (ll. R. 41.40 ) zrauting a pension to El a Thompson; -to the Committee on invnlid Pen ions.

Also, a ·bill (H. :It. 4111 ) grant ing a pension to 'flurry Wyun; to the Committee on Pensions. · ·

Also, a bill (II. B. 4142 g:rantin()' an increase of pension to Hem>y S. Robert ; to t h . Committee on ·In mliu Pensions .

..:A.Lso, a bill ·(H. n. 4143 ) r.rmrting an incn~ase of pension to Louis Sickenberg-er; to tlJ.. ·Committee on .lnTalid Pen ions. ·

Also, a bill {H. n. 41-M ) "'ranting nn increa.. e of pension to Sarah .Jane Lusl1 ~ t o t he Com mittee on Inva1id Pension .

Also; a bill (B. n. 4145 ) granting an i.ucr ease of pension to Mrs. Sidney E. Collins; to t he Committee on Pensions.

By Mr. DALLINGEU: A bill (II. H. 414.0) to authorize tbe • President of the Uni ted Sta tes to appoint William H. 'rm tron!! a captain i.u the· Porto Rico ltegiment of Infantry of the United States Army; to ·the Committee on ~Jilitary Affair .

By Me, FLOOD: A bill .(H. n. 4147) granting a p usion to Lutller I. <Juthllull; to the Committee on ·Pensious.

Also, a bifl (E. R. 4148) !!I"tm t iug an increa e of pension to Braden E. Fox; to the Committee on J>ensions.

Also a bill ('H. R. 4140) .granting a }Jension to Harriet E. Brown ; to the Committee on Pension,<;. ·

·B.Y Mr~ IRELAND : A bill (II. H. r:1150) for the relief of Charles S. Fries· to the Committee on ·Claims .

·By 1\Ir.. J.ACOW.AY: A bill (H. n. 4151) for ·the relief of Jolm ·p. Willal"d; to the Co:rru.ri.ittce on l\Iilitary Affair '.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4152) for the relief of J. C: Hendricks, administnttor of the .e tate of Samuel Houston, deceased ; to the Committee on ·war Claims.

Also, a 'bill (H. R. 41.53) for t he relief of l\Ia1·lon U. Hender­son ; to the Committee on Claims.

Also, a bill (H. n. 411>4) for tlle r lief of. James A. Frey; to the Committee .on ·Claims.

Also, a bill (H. 'It. 4155) for the relief of the heirs of N. N. Barmore, d~cease<l; to the Committee on War ClaimS'.

Also, a bill (II. R. 4156) for the relief of John Davis; to the Committee on Naval Affairs.

Also, a bill (H. n. 4157) for the relief of Elizabeth Granger 11nd Mary Granger, dau.ghte:J:S of 'fl.n ·B. Granger, deceased ; to the Committee on Claims. -

..Also, n. .bill (H. R 4158) for the relief of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted 1\.Iru;ons of Arkansas; to tile Committee ·on 'Var ·Claims. _

Also, a bill (H. n. 415'0) for the relief of the legal representa­tives of Wiley J. Davis, deceased; to the -Committee on War Claims.

Also, a bill (H. n. 4160) for the relief of Leander :Mason and others, beirs of Thomas M. Mason, deceased; to the ·Committee on War Claims.

Also, n bill (H. R. 4161) for the relief of W. 1\I. ~:Middleton; to the Committee on filitn.Ty Affairs.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4162) for the relief of Finis M. 'Yilliams; to the Committee on 1\filitury .A.ft'airs: -

Also, a bill (H. R. 41G3) for the relief of John Davis; to the Committee on Naval A.f.C..'li.rs.

.Also, a bill (H. n.. 4164) for the .relief of John W. Fein; to the Committee on Claims.

Also, a bill (H. R. 41G5) for the relief of Edgar Shinn~ to the Committee on Claims.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4166) for the relief of James Shook ;·to the Committee on Military Affairs.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4167) for the relief of Gillum Smith; to the Committee on Military Affair .

·.Also, a bill (H . .n. 41G8) for the relief of Patrick O'.Kane_; to the Committee on War Claims.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4169) ,for the relief of Mrs. Herbert ·Wil­lianis; to the Committee on Claims .

.Also, a bill (H. R. 4170) for tbe relief of William D. Kirkland; to the Committee on Claims. · "Also, a bill (H. R. 4171 ) fO'r the relief of J. C . . Hill; to the Committee on Military .A.fl'ai.rs.

"1919. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 459 · Also, a bill (H. R. 4172) for the relief of H. L. McFarlin ; to

the Committee on Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4173) for the relief of the estate of William

A. Crawford and the heirs of Henry H. Beavers; to the Commit­tee on Claims.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4174) for the relief of the estate of Jere­miah Cockrell, late of White Oak, Fairfield County, S.C.; to the Committee on War Claims.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4175) for the relief of the heirs of Lovick Lambeth, deceased; to the Committee on War Claims. · Also, a bill (H. R. 4176) for the relief of the heirs of Jacob Pennington; to the Committee on War Claims.

Also, a bill (H. n. 4177) for the relief of the heirs of George W. Sleeker ; to the Committee on War Claims.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4178) for the relief of the estate of George Byerly, deceased; to the Committee on War Claims.

Also, a bill (H. n. 4179) for the relief of the heirs of Augusta W. Diehl, deceased; to the Committee on War Claims.

Also, a bill (H. n. 4180) for the relief of the heirs of Simon Kirkpatrick; to the Committee on War Claims.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4181) for the relief of the heirs of Peter Goodman; to the Committee on War Claims.

Also, n bill (H. R. 4182) for the relief of Stephen W. Bates; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4183) for .the relief of Eli G. Collier; to the Committee on War Claims.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4184) for the relief of C. V. Hinkle; to the Committee on Claims. ·

Also, a bill (H. R. 4185) for the relief of James A. Frey; to the Committee on \Var Claims.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4186) for the relief of R. \V. Harris; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

.Also, a bill (H. R. 4187) for the relief of Marion II. Hendei.·­son ; to the Committee on Claims.

Also, .a bill (H. R. 4188) for the relief of George W. Beavers; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

Also, a bill (H. n. 4189) granting an increase of pension to 'Villiam Douglass; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4190) granting an increase of pension to 1-\.ndrew J. Lee; to the' Committee on Pensions.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4191) granting an increase of pension to Jefferson D. Williams; to the Committee on Pensions.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4192) granting an increase of pension to George W. Plank; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4193) granting an increase of pension to George W. Burton; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4194) granting an increase of pension to William H. Simmons; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4195) granting an increase of pension to William Douglass ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.

.Also, a bill (H. R. 4196) granting an increase of pension to James R. Power; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.

Also, a bill . (H. R. 4197) granting an increase of pension to Alvin G. Woodworth; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4198) granting an increase of pension to Mary A.. Williams ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4199) granting an increase of pension to Mary Ballou ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. . Also, a bill (H. R. 4200) granting a pension to Edward Rey­

nolds ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. .Also, a bill (H. R. 4201) granting a pension to William A.

Pollard; to· the Committee on Pensions. · Also, a bill (H. n. 4202) granting a pension to Frank Thomp­

' son ; to the Committee on Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4203) granting a pension to Rebecca E.

Skaggs; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4204) g ranting a pension to Edward Rey­

nolds ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4205) granting a pension to Frank W.

Godsey; to the Committee on Pensioll$. A.l so, a bill (H. R. 4206) granting a pension to Sam . Rags­

dale; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4207) granting a pension to Kate Chance;

to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4208) granting a pension to George W.

Campbell ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4209) granting a pension to G~orge W.

. Johns ton; to the Committee on Pensions. Also, a bill (H. n. 4210) granting a pension to Mrs. A. 1\I.

Hughes; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. LESHER: A bill (H. R. 4211) to remove the charge

o;f desertion from the military record of Isaac Rake; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

By Mr. McANDREWS: A bill (H. R. 4212) granting a pension to Mary M. Canton ; to the Committee on Pensions.

By Mr. RANDALL of California: A bill (H. n. 4213) grant­ing an increase of pension to Matthew 1\L E shelman; to the Committee .on Invalid Pensions.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4214) granting a pension to llitn Shafges; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4215) granting a pension to H arriet J. Houghtaling; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4216) grunting a pension to Marion W. Young; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4217) to reimburse Jason J. Green; to the Committee on War Claims.

By Mr. RHODES: A bill (H. n. 4218) granting an increase of pension to Nancy J. Lotz; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.

Also, a bill (H. R. 4219) granting an increase of pension to William B. Thurman; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.

By Mr. ROGERS: A bill (H. R. 4220) for the relief of Frank Barber; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

By Mr. WALSH: A bill (H. R. 4221) granting an increase of pension to Henry 1\I. Gifford ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.

By Mr. WELTY: A bill (H. R. 4222) granting an increase of pension to Henry H. Shell; to the Committee on Invalid Pen-~oo& .

Also, a bill (H. R. 4223) granting an increase of pension to Uriah J. Favorite; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.

By Mr. WINGO: A bill (H. R. 4224) granting a pension to Mary Scott; to the .Committee ori Invalid Pensions. .

By Mr. BYRNS of Tennessee:· A bill (H. R. 4225) granting an increase of pension to Charlotte C. Brandau ; ·to the· Com­mittee on Invalid Pensions.

PETITIONS, ETC .

Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, the following petitions ancl papers were laiU on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows :

By the SPEAKER (by request): Petitions of the Welsh Pres­byterian Synod of Northeast Pennsylvania; convention of Dis­trict Superintendents of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Colum­bus, Ohio, soutlwrn Indiana, and Kentucky; and sundry resi­dents of Hasbrouck Heights, N. J., earnestly protesting against the repeal of war-time prohibition; to the Committee on the .Tudiciary.

Also (by request), petition of the Shoe Retailers' Association of San Francisco, earnestly requesting Congress to repeal tax on shoes; to the Committee on \Vays and Means.

Also ·(by request), petition of sundry citizens of Buffalo, N. Y., protesting against luxury tax on soda, soft drinks, and ice cream; to the Committee on Ways and Means.

Also (by request), petition of Jordan Marsh Co., Boston, Mass., opposing repeal of daylight-saving law; to the Com­mittee on Agriculture.

. Also (by request), petition of over 2,000 .Armenians of Detroit , citizenry urging American mandatory over united independent Armenia; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs.

Also (by request), petition of sundry citizens of Minnesota, protesting. against lu:xury taxes; to the Committee on Ways and Means.

Also (by request), petition of mass meetihg of Jewish citizens of Niagara Falls, N. Y., protesting against outrages in Poland; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. ·

· By 1\Ir. BRO\VNING: Memorial adopted by membership of Wiley Methodist Episcopal Church, Camden, N. J., protesting against repeal of war-time prohibition; to the Committee on the Judiciary.

Also, petition of membership of Broadway Methodist Episcopal Church, Salem, N. J., protesting against repeal of war-time pro-hibition; to the Committee on the .Judiciary. ·

Also, petition of residents of Camden County, N. J., protesting against repeal of daylight-saving law; to the Committee on Agriculture.

By Mr. CURRY of California: Resolutions of Sacramento (Calif.) Boat Club, protesting against tax on small motor, sail, and row boats; to the Committee on 'Vays and Means.

By Mr. KENNEDY of Rhode Island: Petition of special post­office clerks at Providence, R. I., relative to salaries; to the ·corimlittee on the Post Office and Post Roads.

By Mr. MOORES of Indiana: Petition of 85 "citizens of the city of Indianapolis, Ind., urging the enactment of legislation providing for the permanent Government ownership of all rail­ways, telegraph, and telephone facilities; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. _

Also, petition of Rev. Augustus S. Buchanan, pastor of the Home Presbyterian Church, and 66 other citizens of the city of Indianapolis, Incl., in remonstrance against the repeal of war­time prohibition; to the Committee on the Judiciary.

460 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. . HOUSE. MAY 31;

.Also, petition of Henry Dilger and 65 other citizens of the city of Indianapolis, Ind., urging upon Congre s the -enactment of legislation providing for the national ownership and Govern: ment operation of all railroads within the . United states and its possessions neces nry for · the furnishing of transportation to the people of the United States, including all lands, ·ter:rpin:als, and equipment required or de irable for successful operation; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce.

Also, resolution of the Order of Railway Conductors of Amer­ica, Monument Division, No. 598, praying ·.for the enartment pf legislation restricting immigration into the United States from for ign countries ; to the Committee on .Immigration and 'Natu­ralization.

By 1\fr. 0'001-.'NELL: Petition of 'J. D. Williams (Inc~), Brooklyn, and Max Green & Co., manufactm:ing furriers, o-ppos­ing tax on furs; to the Committee ·an Ways and Means.

Also, petition of National Association of Manufacturers, with reference to the United States Employment Service, opposing appropriation for Department of Labor Emplo ment Service; to the Committee on Labor.

Also, petition of R. E. Swett, Richmond Hill; P. 1\Iartin, Brooklyn ; A. E. Pay on, New York; C. S. Hammond & Co., New York; the White Co., Cleveland, Ohio; W. Bianchi & Co.; H. C. Stieglitz, Brooklyn; Carter, l\Iacy & Co. (Inc.) ; Globe & Rutgers Fire Insuro.nce ·co. ; Freck, Loeser & Co., Brooklyn ; Grevatt Bros. (Inc.); members of the .Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., Brooklyn; H. R. Lathrop & Co. (Inc.) ; Standard Mail Order Co. ; the Baker & Taylor Co. ; 'M. .T. Whittall ; M. B . . Snevily, pre ident Oil Seeds Co.; Thomas P. Graham; F. G. Robertson; Freel W. Cohen; Metal & Thermit Corporation; George W. Baker; E. W. Durkee; Fred Fear & Co.; Campbell, Metzger & .Jacobson; Columbia Graphophone Co.; and P. W. Lambert & Co., all of New York State; H. 'Jacquin & Co., A. V. W:ihlberg, S. \Villiams, M. Phillip , l\I. McClure, 'E. Leap, Daniel' Currie, A. Van rKUch, P . .T. Dinan, Edward 1;1. Hanley, V. W. Knutsen, Leo D. Fox, J. 'Megroz, :Mack Wolf, Elbert Butts, J. A. Guillaume, H. -rr. Kramer, Philippe CLambe.rt~ G. 'Megroz, and Leo C. Lucke, · all of New 'York, protesting against the repeal of the daylight­saving 'law; to the Committee on Agriculture.

lly Mr. BANDALL of California : Petition of Chamber of Commerce and citizens of Long •Beach, CUlif., against repeal ot daylight-saving law; to the Committee on Agriculture. ·

Also, petition of Southern Californin :wholesale Grocers' As­sociation and 40 manufacturers of s·outhern California, against ' restriction of power of Interstate cGommerce Commission relat­ing to long and short haul rates; to the Committee on ·Interstate and Foreign Commerce.

Also, petitions of New Century Club, of Pasadena ; First Friends Chm·ch, of Long Beach; Bible InStitute of Christian Workers, Los ..A.ngele ; Memorial Baptist Sunday School, South Pasadena; State convention of Californ~a Women's Christian · Temperance ·Union in ession at Santa Ana ; Methodist Congre­gation Sunday School and Epworth League, of La Verne; Lake Avenue Congregational Church and Sunday ·school, Pasadena; Covina Methodist Clmrch, Covina; Interchurch Committee, La Verne; Long Beach Quoit Club and Ladies' Good Lt1ck ·Club, Long Beach, all of California, against repeal of war prohibition; to the Committee on Agriculture.

By 1\Ir. RAKER: Petition of Placer-Nevada Counties' Chris­tian Endeavor Union, urging the adoption of the league of na­tions plan, submitted by Una G. Price, president, Grass Valley, Calif. ; to the Committee on Foreign .Affairs.

Also, ·petition of board of ·trustees of the city of Glendale, Calif., urging the enactment of proper legislation reverting to private owneTship the telephone lines and systems which were taken over by -the Government during the war ; to the Com­mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce.

Also, petition of United States Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, against the repeal of the daylight­saving system; to the Committee on ..Agriculture.

Also, petition of Protestant 1\Iinisters' Association of San Fran­cisco, Calif., against the lifting of the ban on beer and wine; to the Committee on A!!ricultuTe.

Also, petition of Bonham & Gillette, Red Bluff, Calif., asking the removal of the excise tax on automobiles, etc. ; to the Com­mittee on ·ways and l\feans.

Also, petition or memorial -of Methodist Episcopal Church of Dunsmuir, Calif., against the lifting of the ban on beer and wine.; to the Committee on Agriculture. ·

Also, petition of certain citizens of Gazelle, Calif.,. protesting against .the lifting of the ban on beer and wine.; to the Com- · mittee on AgricultuTe.

Also, telegram by .Eugene S. .Elkus, president; ;G. 'W. -B:rain­ard, secretary, Board of Trade, :San Francisco, Calif., .relative

to the effort being made to deprive the Interstate ·commerce Commission of its present power to authorize departures from long anti hort haul clause; to the Committee on Interstate ahd

. Foreign ·commerce. Also, petition of Pacific coast section of National Electric

Light ..Association, protesting against the establishment of· a standard of ethics by 'the Bureau of Standard ·, by H. "F. Jack­son, president, Sierra & San Francisco 'Power Co., San Fran­cisco, Calif; to 'the ·Committee on Interstate anu Foreign Com­~~ . .

.Also, petition of St. Helena Chamber of Commerce, urging the repeal of the . war-time prohibition measm:e; to the Com­mittee on the .Judiciary.

Also, petition of .T. C. Hunter . et aL, of .Bismarck, Mo., pro-­testing against the repeal of the war-time prohibition act; to the Committee on the .Judiciary.

By Mr. S-wEET: Petition of _citizens of Wright County, Iowa, relative to the repeal of the daylight-saving la.w; to the Com­mittee on Agriculture.

By Mr. YOUNG of "Nortb Dakota: Resolutions adopted by the faculty council of University· of North Dakota; Forestry State Normal School, Bottineau; faculty of State Normal School, Val­ley City; and the Study Club of Fargo, N. Dak., .favoring a league of nations ; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs.

Also, petition of Commercial ·Club of Bottineau, N. Dak., fa­\Oring bill15400 for the creation of ane:partment of Education; . to the Committee on Education. .

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

SATURDAY, May 31,1919.

The House met at 12 o'clock noon. The Chap1ain, Rev. Henry N. Couden, .D. D., offered the fol~

lowing prayer: . \Ve bless Thee our Father in Heaven for the splendid demon­

strations on the floor of this House yesterday and throughout ·the length and breadth -of our land in memnry of the American soldier, living and dead, who fought for his country and for humanity in all the ·wars of the -past. ·

Teach us, we pray Thee, the value of patriotism, not only in war but .in .Peace, thut right and truth and justice may live. and make the world puTe and strong and a safe place for the home, industry, and our religi011s .convictions. To the glory and honor of Thy holy ·name, in Christ Jesus our Lord. Amen.

The .Journal of the proceedings of yeste.rd4y was read aml .ap-_proved. ·· ·

WITHDR.A W .AL OF P APEnS.

ltfr. DUPiill, by unanimous •Consent, :was granted leave to withdraw from the .files of' the .House, without leaving copies,

·the _p@ers in the ·case of Widow ..Emma ·Golden (H. R. 12263, 2d sess., •65th Cong.), no adverse report having been made thereon.

LEAVE TO SIT DUBING SESSIONS.

1r. l.JOHNSON of Washington. Mr. ·Speaker, by direction nf the Committee on Immigration and .Naturalization, .Lnsk un::rni­mous eonsent"for permission-to -that committee -to sit during -the sessions of Congress.

The I;>PEAKER. · The gentleman from Washington [Mr. .ToHNSON], chairman of the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization, asks unanimous consent that tbnt committee have permission to sit during -the sessions of Congress. Is there objection? [After a pause.] The Chair heru·s none.

LATE REPr..ESENT.ATIVE JOHN L. BURNETT.

Mr . .JOHNSON of Washington . . Mr. Speaker, 'I ask unani­mous consent to place in the REcORD a brief resolut.\on of the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization on the death of

'its late chairman, the Hon. JonN L. BURNETT, who was also a Member of this Congress.

The SPEAKER. The gentleman -from Washington asks unani­mous consent to insert in the .RECORD a brief re olution of the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization on the death ·of the Hon. JoHN L. BURNETT, late chairman of that -committee. Is there objection? [~titer a pause.] The Ohair hears none.

The following is .the resolution ·referred to : Resolved, That the Committee on :Imruigration an<l Naturalization of

the House of Representatives of the United States of America ·has learned with deep Yegret of the death of !Hon. JOHN L . .BURNETT, late

.chairman -of this committee. Appreciating his sterling worth and hono"I"ing ·him ,for his loyal and

whole,hea.rted service to the people of the · nited St1.tc.s, the members of 1thls committee desire to extend to .his widow and his family their ·sin-cere expres ions of sympathy : It i1l therefore ·