GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTANMinistry of Education

PLANNING AND POLICY WING(Project Management Unit)

MODULE-26

Change Management

Managing School System in innovative world

Under the CIDA supported projectCapacity Building of the Teacher Training Institutions of MoE and

Training of Elementary School Teachers in ICT

Federal College of EducationH-9 Islamabad

Jan, 2009

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Ministry of EducationFederal College of Education

H-9 Islamabad

MODULE ON

Change Management

Prepared by: Wasiullah

Sajid Khan

Typed by

Afshan Iqbal

Under the guidance of:

Prof. Talat Khurshed

Director FCE

Under the CIDA supported projectCapacity Building of the Teacher Training Institutions of MoE and

Training of Elementary School Teachers in ICT

Jan 2009

ii

Training of Elementary School Teachers in ICT (TEST-ICT)

Table of Contents

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Sr. #

Topics Page

1. Objectives of the Module 22. What is Change? 33. Forces for Change 34. Types of Change 45. Managing Planned Change 56. Causes of Resistance to Change 67. How to Overcome Resistance? 68. Innovation and Change 69. Literature Cited 6

Training of Elementary School Teachers in ICT (TEST-ICT)

Objectives of the Module

After reading this module, the reader should be able to:

Have clear concept of change and change management

Identify forces resulting in change

Understand how to minimize resistance to change

Promote change in their respective organization.

Promote innovation in their respective organization

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Training of Elementary School Teachers in ICT (TEST-ICT)

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Training of Elementary School Teachers in ICT (TEST-ICT)

Change Management

What is Change?

In simple words, change means the alternation of status

quo or making things different when an organizational system

is disturbed by some internal or external forces. Change has

the following characteristics:-

Change results from internal or external forces in the

organization

Change in any part of organization affects the whole of the

organization.

Change may be reactive or proactive.

Activity – 1

Forces for Change

External Forces

The following are the external forces affecting the

organization and on which the organization has no control

except to adjust and change itself.

1. Technology

Computer, telecommunication system has profound impact on

the organization that adopts them.

II. Marketing Conditions

Module on Change Management

Participants may be assigned the task to identify changes

which took place in the schools during the last 10 years

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Training of Elementary School Teachers in ICT (TEST-ICT)

Tough competition and new methods of marketing and

advertising force the organization to change

III. Social Forces

Social equality, equal opportunities to women, equal pay

for equal work have posed new challenges.

IV. Political Forces

Political priorities, rules and regulation, economic

policies, liberalization of economy, privatization etc have

diverse impact on the organization and the organizations

have to adopt and adapt its structure and system to cope

with the political and economic challenges.

Internal Forces

I. Nature of Work Force

The qualification of the workers and their rapid turn

over has posed new challenges for the organization.

II. Change in Managerial Personnel

Rapid change in managerial personnel because of transfer

or retirement leads to change in the culture of organization

and new managers bring new values, new ideas etc.

III. To avoid Development Inertia

To avoid resistance inflexibility, change inertia.

Change becomes necessary.

Types of ChangeIndividual level change

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Training of Elementary School Teachers in ICT (TEST-ICT)

Change in job assignment, transfer, promotion and turn over

are some of the individual level changes which have impact on

organization culture.

Group Level Change

Group level change may be brought by formal group like trade

union or informal group (work constilation). Some trade union

resist change specially when it directly affecting the work

environment and working.

Organizational Level Change

These changes are:

Strategic change (Change in the objectives and

mission of organization)

Structural change (Pattern of relationship among

various positions)

Process Oriented Change (Technological development,

information processing and automation)

People oriented change (Performance improvement,

dedication and loyalty)

Managing Planned Change

MPC comprises the following three steps

I. Planning for Change

It involves the following steps

1. Develop new goals and objectives 4.

Select Methodology

2. Select an agent of change 5. Develop

Plan

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Training of Elementary School Teachers in ICT (TEST-ICT)

3. Diagnose the problem

6 .Strategy for implementation

II. Assessing Change Forces

There should be a clearly defined vision. The current

situation and the desired situation to be examined and the

driving are restraining forces are to be identified. The tool of

SWOT to be applied while analyzing the organization system and

structure.

SWOT

Strength to be reinforced while weaknesses are to be

minimized. Threats are to be converted into opportunities.

Organization may develop synergy with other organization so that

others strength can minimize your weaknesses and your strength

can minimize the weaknesses of other organization.

III. Implementing Change

Acceptance for change

Resistance for change

Indifferent

Forced acceptance

Causes of Resistance to Change

Individual Resistance

Individual resistance because of the following factors

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Strength Weaknesses Internal

Opportunities Threats External

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Training of Elementary School Teachers in ICT (TEST-ICT)

I. Economic Factor IV. Lack of

communication

II. Habits V.

Psychological factors

III. Insecurity VI.

Social factors

Organizational Resistance

Organization usually resist because of the following factors

I. Threat to power IV. Threat

to Specialization

II. Resource Constraint V. Group

Inertia

III. Organization Structure VI. Sunk Cost

Activity 2

Participants may be assigned the task to identify factors responsible for resisting

changes in the school management.

How to Overcome Resistance?

The following steps can help in overcoming the change resistance

1. Participation and Involvement 5. Negotiation

and Agreement

2. Effective Communication 6.

Manipulation and Cooperation

3. Facilitation and Support 7.

Coercion

4. Leadership

8. Timing for change

Activity 3

Participants may be asked to mention any five changes in school management and how

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Training of Elementary School Teachers in ICT (TEST-ICT)

resistance to such changes was minimized.

Activity IV

Participants may be asked to recommend change in school management, fore see

resistance and measure to overcome.

Innovation and Change

Every change can not be called innovation. Change which is

for the better and which results in improvement which is

technically and economically feasible, socially acceptable, and

financially sound and not in conflict with religious values is

innovation.

For a dynamic and forward looking organization, innovation

is necessary. Sometimes the external forces make it necessary for

the organization to be innovative. The following questions should

continuously be asked. Why this way? What is it? How to adopt new

process and new ways? When to change? The system, structure,

process and methodologies are to be continuously examined and

reviewed for change.

Activity VThe Participants can be asked to suggest any five innovations in

education section for improvement and solving problems.

BibliographyModule on Change Management 9

Training of Elementary School Teachers in ICT (TEST-ICT)

1. Shashi Gupta & Rusy Joshi, “ Organization Behavior “ 2000

2. Kuunz “ Management – A Global Perspective” 1993

3. Stephen P. Robbin “Organizational Behavior” 1989

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