Janardan Rai Nagar Rajasthan Vidyapeeth Pratap Nagar, Udaipur

PHYSIOTHERAPY SYLLABUS

ORDINANCES RELATING TO BACHELOR OF PHYSIOTHERAPY These ordinances shall be called “ The ordinances, syllabus and scheme of Examination Pertaining to the Bachelor of Physiotherapy course.” Eligibility Candidates who have passed 10+2 Senior Secondary Examination of Rajasthan Education Board or equivalent examination with English and Physics, Chemistry & Biology as optional subjects or equivalent examination and with 45 percent marks in aggregate of Physics, Chemistry and Biology in general category. In case of candidates belonging to Scheduled caste /Scheduled Tribes the minimum percentage of marks shall be 40 percent in the qualifying subjects and in case of OBC the minimum percentage of marks shall be 42 % in the qualifying subjects. A candidate seeking admission to Bachelor of Physiotherapy course should have completed 17 years of age, as on 31st December of the year of admission. Every candidate before admission to the course shall furnish to Principal of the Institution a certificate of Medical Fitness from an authorised Government Medical Officer to the effect, where that the candidate is physically fit to undergo the Physiotherapy course. DURATION OF THE COURSE The duration of the Bachelor of Physiotherapy Course shall be 4½ years ie Four years degree and six months internship MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION English shall be the medium of instruction for all the subjects of study and for the examination of the Bachelor of Physiotherapy Course. COURSE OF STUDY The Course of study are shown in Tables I to IV The detailed syllabus in respect of the course is appended to this regulation. ATTENDENCE A candidate is required to attend at least 80 % of the total classes conducted in a year in all subjects prescribed for that year, separately, in theory and practical / clinical to become eligible to appear for the university examination in the first attempt. The principals should notify at their college the attendance details at the end of each term without fail, under intimation to the University.

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INTERNAL ASSESSMENT It shall be based on evaluation of periodic tests of assignments, clinical presentations etc. Regular periodic examinations should be conducted throughout the course. Although the question of number of examinations is left to the colleges, there should be a minimum at least three (3) sessional examination during I, II , III & Final year. The average of marks should be reduced to 20 and 10 for Theory and Practical respectively and sent to the University before the University examination as per notification. Proper record which forms the basis of the Internal Assessment should be maintain for all students and should be available for scrutiny. The marks of periodical test should be display on the students notice board by Principal. SCHEDULE OF EXAMINATTON There will be two examinations in a year, I annual examination and II a supplementary examination to be conducted as per notification issued by the University from time to time. First, Second, Third and Final Examination of Bachelor of Physiotherapy course shall be held at end of 1st year, 2nd years, 3 rd years and 4th years respectively. The examination for main subjects shall be conducted by the University and for subsidiary subjects by the respective college. CRITERIA FOR PASS a. Main Subjects A candidate is declared to have passed an examination in a subject, if she /he secures 50% of the marks in theory and 50% in practical separately. b. Subsidiary Subjects. For a pass in subsidiary subjects, a candidate shall secure 35% of the total marks prescribed for the subject. The marks obtained should be sent to the University 15 days prior to the commencement of University examination. DECLARATION OF CLASS a. A successful candidate obtaining 75% and more marks in the Grand Total Aggregate in the

first attempt shall be declared to have passed these subjects with distinction A successful candidate obtaining 60% and more but less than 75% of the marks in the Grand Total Aggregate in the first attempt shall be declared to have passed these subjects with First Class. A successful candidate obtaining 50 % and more but less than 60% of the marks in the Grand total Aggregate in the first attempt shall be declared to have passed these subjects with Second Class and a candidate who passes in more than one attempt will be placed in Pass Class, irrespective of the percentage of marks secured.

b. Ranks shall be declared on the basis of the aggregate marks obtained by a candidate in the

University subjects of the course. Only those candidates who have passed all c. The subjects in all examinations including the University examinations in the first attempt

shall be eligible for the award of rank.

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CARRY OVER. Candidates who have failed in any subjects in first year can attend his / her classes in the II year but will have to pass these subjects in the supplementary examination before the II year examination. The above mentioned rule is applicable for the other two years also i.e. II and III year examination. Again, if a candidate fails in any of the subjects in the IV year i.e. the final year, he/ she won’t be able to start their six months internship unless they pass these subjects in the supplementary examination. INTERNSHIP There shall be six months of Internship after the final examination for candidates declared have passed the examination in all the subjects. Internship should be done in a teaching hospital recognized by the University . No candidate shall be awarded degree certificate without successful completing six months of Internship. The Internship should be rotatory and cover clinical brand concerned with Physiotherapy such as Orthopaedics, Cardiothoracic including ICU, Lapro Paediatrics, General Medicine. Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology .

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Course of study : Subjects and Teaching Schedule and Scheme of Examination Of Bachelor of Physiotherapy

TABLE – I : First Year Bachelor of Physiotherapy [0 – 12 Months] Teaching Hours

S.No. Subjects Theory Practical Total 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Human Anatomy Human Physiology Biochemistry Medical Electronics Computer Application Psychology Sociology Biomechanics of human motion

Orientation to Physiotherapy Clinical Orientation

120

120

50

50

50

50

50

120

20 -

80

80 - - - - -

80

30

325

200

200

50

50

50

50

50

200

50

325

For SI. No. 9 & 10, a student must obtain a certificate of attendance and satisfactory completion of the said subject [ as per Regulation].

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TABLE – II : Second Year Bachelor of Physiotherapy [13-24 Month]

Teaching Hours S.No. Subjects Theory Practical Total 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Exercise Therapy Electrotherapy Pharmacology Pathology Microbiology Bioengineering Clinical Training

150

150

50

50

50

40 -

150

150 - - - -

400

300

300

50

50

50

40

400

Sl. No. 6 & 7 are subsidiary subjects. SI. No. 8 is a compulsory clinical training programme, but is not for examination. TABLE – III: Third Year Bachelor of Physiotherapy (25-36 Month)

Teaching Hours S.No. Subjects Theory Practical Total 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Clinical Orthopaedics General Medicine Incl Cardio – Thoracic Cond. General Surgery Incl Cardio – Thoracic Cond. Neurology & Neurosurgery Community Medicine Clinical Training

100 100 100 100 100 -

60 60 60 60 - 400

160 160 160 160 100 400

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TABLE – IV : Fourth Year Bachelor of Physiotherapy (37- 48 Month)

Teaching Hours S.No. Subjects Theory Practical Total 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Physiotherapy (P.T) in Orthopaedics P.T in Neurology & Neurosurgery P.T in General Surgery incl. Cardio-Thoracic condition. P.T in General Medicine incl. Cardio-Thoracic condition. Community Based Rehabilitation Allied Therapeutics Statistics & Research Methodology Clinical Training

100 100 100 100 60 60 60 -

100 100 100 100 - - - 545

200 200 200 200 60 60 60 545

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Scheme of Examination of 1st year Bachelor of Physiotherapy Particulars of subjects, sections and distribution of marks for Internal Assessment, Theory and Practical examination.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sl. Theory Practical No. Subjects & Section ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Written Viva – Voce Internal Total Practical Internal Total Grand Assessment Assessment Total A MAIN SUBJECTS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Human Anatomy 100 30 20 150 40 10 50 200 2. Physiology 100 30 20 150 40 10 50 200

3. Biochemistry 40 Nil 10 50 No Practical Exam 50 50 4. Medical Electronics including

Computer Applications 80 Nil 20 100 No Practical Exam Nil 100 5. Psychology - Section : A 40 Nil 10

& 100 No Practical Exam. Nil 100 Sociology - Section : B 40 Nil 10 6. Biomechanics of Human Motion 100 30 20 150 40 10 50 200 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A = All main subjects shall have university examination.

Scheme of Examination of IInd year Bachelor of Physiotherapy

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Particulars of subjects, sections and distribution of marks for Internal Assessment, Theory and Practical examination.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sl. Theory Practical No. Subjects & Section ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Written Viva – Voce Internal Total Practical Internal Total Grand Assessment Assessment Total A. MAIN SUBJECTS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Therapeutics 100 30 20 150 40 10 50 200 2. Electrotherapy 100 30 20 150 40 10 50 200 3. Pharmacology 80 Nil 20 100 No Practical Exam Nil 100 4. 4.1 Pathology - Section –A 40 Nil 10

100 No Practical Exam Nil 100

4.2 Microbiology -Section –B 40 Nil 10 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

B. SUBSIDIARY SUBJECTS ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5. Bio – engineering 80 Nil 20 100 No Practical Exam Nil 100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A = All main subjects shall have university examination. B = For Subsidiary subjects, there will be no university examination. The respective colleges shall conduct the examination and minimum marks for pass shall be 35% of maximum marks prescribed for the subject.

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Scheme of Examination of IIIrd Year Bachelor of Physiotherapy Particulars of subjects, sections and distribution of marks for Internal Assessment, Theory Examination

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sl. Main Theory No. Subjects & Section ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Written Internal Total A= Main Subject Assessment ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Clinical Orthopaedics 80 20 100 2. General Medicine Including Cardio- 80 20 100 Thoracic condition. 3. General Surgery Including Cardio - 80 20 100 Thoracic condition. 4. Neurology & Neuro Surgery 80 20 100 5. Community Medicine 80 20 100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A = All main subjects shall have university examination.

Scheme of Examination of IVth year Bachelor of Physiotherapy

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Particulars of subjects, sections and distribution of marks for Internal Assessment, Theory and Practical examination.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sl. Theory Practicals No. Subjects & Section ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Written Viva – Voce Internal Total Practical Internal Total Grand

Assessment Total -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Physiotherapy (PT) In Orthopaedics 100 30 20 150 40 10 50 200 2. PT in Neurology & Neurosurgery 100 30 20 150 40 10 50 200 3. PT in General Surgery Including 100 30 20 150 40 10 50 200 Cardio -Thoracic Surgery 4. PT in General Medicine Including 100 30 20 150 40 10 50 200 Cardio - Thoracic conditions 5. Community Based Rehabilitation 80 Nil 20 100 No Practical Exam 100 6. Allied Therapeutics 80 Nil 20 100 No Practical Exam 100 7. Statistics & Research Methodology 80 Nil 20 100 No Practical Exam 100 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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COURSE CONTENTS 1 First Year 01. Human Anatomy

Theory 1. Histology – cell tissues of the body, epithelium, connective tissue, cartilage, bone,

lymphoid tissue. 2. Embryology – a) Ovum, spermatozoa, fertilization and formation of the Germ

layers and their derivations (b) development of skin, Fascia, blood vessels, lymphatic, (c) Development of bones, axial and appendicular skeleton & muscles, (d) Neural tube, brain vessels & spinal cord, (e) Development of brain and brain stem structures, Development anomalies. (Brief)

3. Musculo- skeletal anatomy –(All the topics to be taught in details)

1. Anatomical Positions of body, axis, planes common anatomical terminologies (groove, tuberosity, trochanters etc.)

2. Connective tissue classification. 3. Bones – Composition & function, classification & types according to

morphology & development. 4. Joints – definition – classification, structure of fibrous, cartilaginous joints,

blood supply and nerve supply of joints,

4. Regional Anatomy

1. Skin and its appendages (Brief outline) 2. Cardiovascular system – Heart, (Gross Anatomy and Functions) Arteries,

Veins, Collateral Circulation 3. Respiratory system – Thoracic Cage, Brief outline of respiratory passages,

brief gross Anatomy of lungs and pleura, broncho – pulmonary segments (Details of intercostal muscles, muscles and mechanism of respiration)

4. Digestive system (Brief outline of gastrointestinal tract and associated glands)

5. Excretory system (Brief outline of Kidney, Ureters, Urinary bladder & urethra in male and female)

6. Male and Female reproductive system (Brief outline of genital organs ) 7. Endocrine system (Brief outline and classification of glands sites &

secretion) 8. Lymphatic system (Brief outline) 9. Upper Extremity

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a) Oestology Clavicles, Scapula. Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges

b) Soft parts Breast, pectoral region, axilla, front of arm, back of arm, cubital fossa, front of forearm, back of forearm, palm, dorsum of hand, muscles , facial nerves, vessels and lymphatic drainage of upper extremity

c) Joints Shoulder girdle , Shoulder joint, elbow joints, Radio ulnar joint, wrist joint and joints of the hand

D) Arches of hand, skin of the palm and dorsum of hand.

10 Lower Extremity :

a. Oesteology : Hip bone, femur, tibia,. Fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.

b. Soft Parts: Gluteal region, front and back of the thigh [femoral triangle, femoral and inguinal canal], medial side of the thigh [adductor canal], lateral side of the popliteal-fossa, anterior and posterior compartment of leg, sole of the foot, lymph drainage of lower limb, venous drainage of the lower limb, arterial supply of the limb, arches of foot, skin of foot.

11. Trunk:

a. Oesteology: Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae and ribs.

b. Soft tissue: pre and para vertebral muscles, intercostal muscles, anterior abdominal wall muscles, intervertebral disc.

c. Joints: Hip joint, Knee joint, Ankle joint, joints of the foot.

12. Head and Neck: a. Oesteology: Mandible and bones of the skull b. Soft parts: Muscles of the face and neck and their nerve and blood supply, occular muscles, salient points about the eye ball and internal ear.

5 Neuroanatomy

1. Organisation of Central Nervous System – Spinal nerves & autonomic nervous system mainly pertaining to cardiovascular, respiratory & urogenital systems.

2. Cranial nerves 3. Peripheral nervous system. 4. Central Nervous System

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Peripheral nerve Neuromuscular junction Sensory end organs Spinal segments & areas Brain stem Cerebellum Inferior Colliculi Superior Colliculi, Thalamus Hypothalamus Corpus Straitum Cerebral hemisphere Lateral ventricles

Blood supply of Brain Meninges

Internal Capsule Basal Ganglia The pyramidal system Pons, medulla, Anatomic integration extra pyramidal system

Practical List of Practical/ Demonstrations Topics No. of hours

1. Upper extremity including surface Anatomy 17 2. Lower extremity including surface Anatomy 17 3. Head & Spinal cord and Neck and Brain including surface Anatomy 22 4. Thorax including surface anatomy, abdominal muscles, joints 14 5. Histology – Elementary tissue including surface Anatomy 5 6. Embryology – models, Charts & X – Rays 5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 80

Demonstration of the muscles of the whole body and organs in thorax and abdomen in a cadaver. Demonstration of movements of important joints. Surface marking of the lung, pleura fissures and lobes of lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, cranial nerves and important blood vessels. Identification of body prominence on inspection and by palpation especially of extremities. Points of palpation of nerves and arteries.

Distribution of marks for Practical Examination 1. Histology - 10 spotters 2. Upper extremity - 8 3. Lower extremity - 8 4. Surface Anatomy - 5 5. Head & Neck - 5 6. Thorax & abdomen - 4 ---------- Total 40 ----------

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Note: The suggested number of hours of Practical and demonstrations are minimum only. Recommended Text and Reference Books

1. SNELL [Richard. S] Clinical Anatomy for medical Students : Ed. 5 Little Brown and Company, Boston 1995,p898, $26.50

2. MOORIE [ Kieth L], Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Ed.3, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1992,p917.$30.

3. DATTA [A.K.] Essentials of human anatomy : Thorax and Abdomen Ed. 3 Vol.l, Current Book International, Calcutta1994,p433. Rs200/-`

DATTA [A.K] Essentials of human anatomy: Head and Neck. Ed.2 Vol II, Current Book International, Calcutta 1995, p363 Rs.150/-

4 SINGH [Inderbir] , Text Book of anatomy with colour atlas : Introduction, Osteology, Upper extremity, Lower extremity. Vol I

JP Brothers, New Delhi 1996, Rs.200/- 5. SINGH / Inderbir /, Text Book of Anatomy with colour atlas : Thorax

and Abdomen. Vol 11. JP brothers, New Delhi. 1996, Rs.175/- 6. SINGH / Inderbir /, Text Book of Anatomy with colour atlas : Head and

Neck Central Nervous System. Vol 111. JP Brothers, New Delhi. 1996, Rs.175/-

7. SINGH / Inderbir/ Human Osteology. JP brothers, New Delhi 1990.P191 Rs.50/-

Practical

1. ROMANES (GJ), Cunningham manual of practical anatomy: upper and

lower limb ed.15.Vol. I Oxford Medical Publication, Oxford 1996. P 263. Rs.325 / -

2. ROMANES (GJ), Cunningham manual of practical anatomy: Thorax and abdomen. ed. 15.Vol. II Oxford Medical Publication, Oxford 1996. P298. Rs.325 / -

3. ROMANES (GJ), Cunningham manual of practical anatomy: Head and Neck and brain. Ed. 15. Vol. III Oxford Medical Publication, Oxford 1996. P346. Rs.325

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02. HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY Theory General physiology (details not required)

Cell structure and organalle, general principals of biophysics and body compartments

1. Blood 1) Composition and functions of blood, plasma and their formation. 2) Structure and formation and function of RBC, WBC, and platelets 3) Haemoglobin 4) Coagulation, bleeding time. Clotting time and their defects. 5) Blood groups and their significance. 6) Reticulo – endothelial system, structure and functions.

2. Digestive System

1. General introduction, organizational plan and digestive system 2. Composition, function and regulation of salivary, gastric, pancreatic,

intestinal and biliary secretion 3. Movements of G.I. Tract. 4. Digestion and absorption of carbohydrate, protein and G R F

3 Urinary System - Functions and General introduction 4 Endocrine – Secretion, regulation and functions of pituitary, thyroid, adrenal,

pancreas, parathyroid, testies and ovaries. Influence of hormones on growth & development, blood sugar and its regulation, blood calcium regulation.

5 Respiratory System

1. Introduction, general organization. 2. Mechanics of respiration. 3. Pulmonary volumes and capacities 4. Transport of respiratory gases 5. Nervous and chemical, control, of respiration. 6. Pulmonary function tests. 7. Effect of exercise on respiratory system.

6 Cardiovascular System

1. Structure and properties of Cardiac muscle 2. Cardiac cycle 3. Regulation of heart rate 4. Cardiac output 5. Blood Pressure and its regulation 6. Regional circulation – coronary, skin, muscle, cerebral circulation 7. Cardio respiratory changes during exercise and cardiac performance

during exercise 8. Normal ECG

Vision: - General outline of image formation and visual perception - Pupillary and conjuctival reflexes

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- Errors of refraction and correction of refractive errors - Extra occular muscles and eye movements - Nutritional deficiency and blindness

7. Audition:

- General outline of mechanism of hearing and perception of sound - Test for hearing, Types of deafness and hearing aids Speech and its disorders Vestibular apparatus

8. Reproductive System

Changes during puberty, classification of male sex hormones and their functions, spermatogenesis Changes during puberty, classification and functions of female sex hormones, menstrual cycle, ovulation and contraception. Physiology changes during pregnancy, child birth, functions of placenta and physiology of lactation.

9. Neuromuscular Physiology

1. Nerve & muscle – structure and function of muscle and nerve cells,

classification of muscle and nerve fibers. Cell membranes, ionic and potential and its propagation evoked potential factors affecting muscle tension, neuromuscular transmission motor units, synapse, reflex physiology, degeneration and regeneration of the nerve fiber, reaction of degeneration muscle contraction mechanics, chemistry and biophysics.

2. Central Nervous System

a) Physiology of Synapse b) Physiology of receptor organs for general special sensation c) Physiology of touch, pain and temperature sensations d) Physiology of reflex action, Classification and properties of reflexes

(excluding conditioned reflexes) e) Sensory and motor tracts of spinal cord and effects of complete &

incomplete transaction of spinal cord at various levels f) Cerebral Cortex – characteristics, areas and functions. g) Cerebellum and basal ganglia – upper and lower motor neurone type of

paralysis structure, functions and connections h) Sensory and motor cortex i) Physiology of Labyrinthine j) Regulation of equilibrium and posture k) Physiology of equilibrium and balance l) Learning, Memory. m) Golgitendon organ

3. Autonomic Nervous System.

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Theory Physiology of exercise

1. Introduction to Exercise therapy 2. Effect of exercise on

a) Oxygen transport b) Muscle strength / Power & Endurance c) Mobility d) Neuromuscular system e) Body composition f) Body temperature and basal metabolic rate g) Hormonal system h) Body fluid and electrolyte balance i) Cardiovascular function j) Respiratory functions

Physiology of Pain and Re – Education a) Types of muscle and nerve fibers and their properties and response

to various electronic stimulation b) Generation of action potential and its propagation c) Neuromuscular function and transmission of impulse d) Physiology of pain e) Psychosomatic Physiology of pain f) Physiology of Biofeed back

NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF MOVEMENT

a) Normal human developmental process b) Reflex and reaction maturation c) Sensory – motor integration d) Rotation e) Perception and motor learning f) Growth, development and maturation

Practical / Demonstrations

Topics Hours A. Haematology 10

a) RBC count, b) WBC count, c) Differential Count, d) ESR e) Bleeding & clotting time f) Estimation of haemoglobin g) Blood groups

B. Human Physiology

1. Practical (1) Examination of

a) respiratory system b) heart and arterial pulse

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c) deep and superficial reflexes, d) Cranial nerves, e) Motor system f) Sensory system including higher functions

(ii) Measurements of blood pressure (2) Demonstration (only)

(a) Pulmonary Function test (Spiro meter) (b) Ergography and work done.

Topic Hours 14

C. Amphibian experiments

1 Practical a) Muscle – Nerve preparation of frog (G.S. preparation) and recording of simple muscle twitch.

2 Demonstration (only) (i) Effect of following on G.S. Preparation.

a)Two successive stimuli, b)Multiple stimuli.

c)Varying strengths of stimulus. d)Phenomena of fatigue, e) Effect of load on muscle contraction and f)Effect of load on muscle contraction and work done, g)Calculation of velocity of nerve impulse.

ii) Recording of normal cardiogram. iii)Study of properties of cardiac muscle. Note: * Practical consists of demonstration followed by actual practice by students. Distribution of marks for Practical Examination

1. Haematology Practical 15 Marks

Student to perform one of the following (a) RBC count, (b) WBC count, (c) Differential count, (d) Estimation of haemoglobin and calculation of blood indices.

2. Human Physiology 15 Marks Any one of the practical listed under Practical (i) and (ii) 3. Amphibian experiments 10 Marks consists of only charts and interpretation of data given in charts. 4. Interpretation of calculation of a given problem 5 Marks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 45 Marks

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Recommended text books

1. GUYTON [Arthur C], Textbook of Physiology. Ed 8. Prism publisher, Bangalore. 1991 Rs. 470/-

2. GANONG [ WILLIAM F ] Review of Medical Physiology, Ed 18 Appellations and Lange. 1997 $18.00

3. ESMILE SMITH [Donald] et. Al Text Book of Physiology, Ed 11 Churchil Livingstone Edinburgh. 1998. P548

4. VENDOR [A rthur J] ed. al. Human Physiology, Ed 6, McGraw Hill Inc. 1944, p754. $18.50

5. SELKURT [ ENALD E], Basic physiology for Health sciences, Ed 2, Little Brown, Boston. P656,$36.50

6. CHOUDHARI [ Sujith K], Concise Medical physiology, Ed 1, New Central Books, Calcutta. 1993. Rs 415 /-

7. TORATORA [ Gerald J] Principles of anatomy and physiology Ed 1, Harper Collins College Publication, 1996. P 986. $39.00

8. CHATTERJEE [CC] Human Physiology Ed 10, Vol 1. Medical Allied Agency, 1988, CHATTERJEE [CC] , Human Physiology: Central Nervous System Ed 11, Medical Agency. 1988, p758. Rs. 150

9. PEARCE, Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses, 1st Indian Ed, JP Brothers, New Delhi, Rs. 70/-

03. BIOCHEMISTRY

Theory

1. Cell – cellular organelles, their structure and function 2. Protein – Definition, classification of amino acids (Neutral acidic & basic),

Functional classification of Proteins, structure of proteins, denaturation, plasma protein

3. Enzymes – Definition, classification, properties, clinical importance, co-enzyme and Isoenzyme

4. Lipid chemistry – Definition, general classification properties & functions of lipids. Properties and function of triglycerides, fatty acids, saturated, unsaturated fats, phospholipids and cholesterol, lipoprotein.

5. Carbohydrate chemistry – Definition, general classification. 6. Vitamins – [fat and water soluble] – Definition, classification, functions, dietary

sources, daily requirement and deficiency disorders. 7. Hormones – Effects of hormones on various metabolisms, hormonal disorders. 8. Detoxification. 9. Water electrolyte balance & acid base – balance. 10. Functional tests – Liver – renal function tests. 11. Common procedures used in the biochemistry – Chromatography, Blood – gas

analysis, flame photometer, electrophoresis. 12. Nutrition: Balanced diet, Nitrogen equilibrium, Biological value of protein; special

dynamic action [SDA], Respiratory quotient [RQ] and Nutritional disorders. 13. Nucleic acid chemistry ,General metabolism with disorder and importance

A. Carbohydrates C. Lipids B. Protein D. Nucleic acid

Practicals List of Practical and Demonstration

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TOPIC No. of Hours 1) Reaction of carbohydrates --- 8 2) Reaction of proteins 8 3) Study of Normal Constituents of Urine 4 4) Study of abnormal Constituents of urine

(Glucose, Albumin, Blood, Bile salts and pigments and Ketone Bodies) 6

5) Estimation of Titrable acid and Ammonia in Urine 4 6) Estimation of blood glucose level 4 7) Demonstration [only]

a) Electrophoresis ] b) Chromatography ] 6 c) PH Meter ]

Note: The suggested hours are minimum only. There is no practicals in the University examination for Biochemistry. Recommended Text and Reference Books

1. MURRAY [ROBERT KK], Harper’s Bio chemistry Ed 24, Prentice Hall. 1996, p925. Rs. 650

2. RAMAKRISHAN [S] PRASANNA {KG}, RAJAN {R}, Test Books of Medical Biochemistry, Ed 1, orient Langman, Bombay 1980 p717.

3. VASUDEVAN [DM] and SREE KUMARI [S], Test book of Bio Chemistry for Medical students, Ed 1, Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi, 1995,p637,RS175/-

4. DAS [Debajyothi], Biochemistry, Ed. 7 Academic publishers Calcutta, 1992,p648, Rs. 175/-.

Reference Books 1. LEHININGER [Albert] et. al., Principles of Biochemistry, Ed. 3, LBS Publishers

Delhi 1993, p1143, Rs.795/- 2. ORTEN [James M] and NEUHAUS [OHO]. W] Human Biochemistry, Ed., 9, Mosby

St. Louis, 1975, P994 3. Strayer [LUBERT], Biochemistry, Ed. 4, WH, Freeman & Co., Ny. 1995, p1064,

$49.95 4. DEVLIN [Thomas M] , Biochemistry, with Clinical Correlation, Ed. 4 Willey Libs,

1997, p1186, $30.95 5. MONTOGOMERY [REX] et. al., Biochemistry Case Oriented Approach, Ed 5, CV

Mosby St. louisd, 1990, p905, $16.00

04. MEDICAL ELECTRONICS

This course will enable students to understand basic aspects of electricity and medical electronics as related to its application in electrotherapy instruments.

Theory

1. Electrical fundamentals.

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2. Main power supply – earthing. Types of plug. Switches – safety devices – for electric shock. 3. A C Electricity: Sinusoidal wave form. Frequency, Wavelength, Amplitude and phase of a sine wave, Average & RMS value of a sine wave. 4. D.C. Electricity:

Modern concept of electricity: Fundamental electric charges (Proton & Electron) Bound and Free electrons. Conductors and insulator, free electrons and current, static electric charges. Charging of an object, Potential and Capacitance. Potential difference and EMF, Quantity of electricity, Magnitude of current, Resistance of conductor and Ohm’s law. Resistance in series and parallel. Discharging a charged objects. Capacitor (Condenser). Electric Field around a capacitor, charging and discharging a capacitor, types of capacitor with application of each in physiotherapy department. Rheostat: Series and shunt Rheostat with application of each in physiotherapy department. Effects of electric current: Thermal effects Chemical effect (ionization) and Magnetic effect. Electric Shock, causes and its prevention. 5. Therapeutic Currents: Impulse: Definition and types pulse duration and pulse repetition time. Interrupted Galvanic Currents, Faradic current and Surged Faradic currents. 6. Magnetism: Magnetic and non magnetic materials, Magnet and its poles: The basic of Magnetism (Dipole theory). Magnetic lines of force and their properties. Electromagnetism: Magnetic field around a current carrying conductor, Electro Magnetic Induction, Lenz’s Law. Strength of induced EMF, Inductor and inductance. Even ratio, step–up, Step–down and Earth free Transformers. Precaution against earth shock. Variable and Auto Transformers.

7. Thermionic Valves: Thermionic emission, Diode Valves and Triode Valves and their characteristics and constants. 8. Semi Conductor Devices: Intrinsic and Extrinsic semiconductors, Advantages of semi conductor devices over. Thermionic Valves. Semiconductor diode and Transistor. Biasing of Diode and Diode characteristics. Light Emitting Diodes, Integrated Circuits. 9. A.C. and D. C. Meters : Functions and applications of D.C. current meter D.C. Voltage meter, series and shunt Ohm meters, Wheatstone Bridge and Multimeter Construction and application of Cathode ray oscilloscope. [Emphasis should be given to theoretical part without mathematical derivation, however, final formula must be written). 10. Electro – Therapeutic Modalities: Introduction to Generation, circuit diagram, testing of apparatus, indications and contra–indication of :

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1. Low frequency currents. 2. D.C. Currents. 3. Medium frequency currents. 4. S.W.D. and pulsed S.W.D. [ Short wave diathermy] 5. M.W.D. [ Microwave diathermy] 6. Ultrasonic [ Therapeutics] 7. Infrared 8. U.V.R.[ Ultra Violet Radiation] 9. Laser. [ Infrared, Helium and Neon] 10. Principles of production of nebulized particles of fluids instrumentation circuits ( note

Emphasis is given only to generation, circuit diagram and testing of above apparatus) Practical Diode & Triode valves, Transistor Ammeter Voltmeter, Galvanometer, Rheostat resistance b. Transformer. Demonstration of possible electrotherapy unit circuits like stimulator, SWD and testing apparatus etc. Text Books Recommended 1. Fundamentals of Physics by Varghese, Parvathy Sebastian & Antony. 2. Technique of Electrotherapy and its physical and physiological basis by Stafford L Osborn

and Horald. J. Holmquest. 3. Therapeutic Electricity by Sydney Litch. 4. Medical Electronics Book. 5. Electricity and Magnetism by Brijlal & Subrahmanyam 6. Electrotherapy and light therapy by Kovac’s 05. COMPUTER APPLICATIONS The course enables the students to understand the fundamentals of computer and its applications. 1. Introduction to Data Processing: Features of computers, Advantages of using computers. Getting data into / out of computers. Role of computers. What is Data processing? Application areas of computers involved in Data processing. Common activities in processing. Types of Data processing, Characteristics of information. What are Hardware and Software? 2. Hardware Concepts: Architecture of computers, Classification of Computer, Concept of damage, Types of storage devices. Characteristic of Disks, tapes, Terminals, Printers, Network. Applications of networking concept of PC System care Floppy care Data care. 3. Concept of Software: Classification of software: System software. Application of software. Operating system. Computer system. Computer virus. Precautions against viruses. Dealing with viruses. Computers in medical electronics.

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Basic Anatomy of Computers Principles of programming Computer application – Principles in scientific research; work processing, medicine, libraries,

museum, education, information system. Data Processing: Computes in physical therapy – principles in EMG, Exercise testing equipment, Laser. Recommended Text Books: Sachdeva and Vidyabushan, Introduction to the study of sociology 06. GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY

Definition of Psychology Definition of Psychology, basic Information in relation to following schools, methods and branches:

a) Schools : Structuralism, functionalism, behaviourism, Psychoanalysis b) Methods : Introspection, observation, inventory and experimental method c) Branches: General, Child, Social, Abnormal, Industrial, Clinical, Counseling &

Educational. Heredity and environment: Twins, relative importance of heredity and environment, their role, in relation to physical characteristics, intelligence and personality, nature – nature controversy. Development and growth behavior: Infancy Childhood, adolescence, adulthood, middle age and old age. Intelligence: Definitions: Motive, Drive, incentive and reinforcement, basic information about primary needs: hunger, thirst, sleep, elimination activity, air, avoidance of pain, attitude to sex. Psychological needs: information security, self-esteem, competence, love and hope Emotions: Definition, differentiate from feelings, Psychological changes of emotion, role of RAS hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, sympathetic nervous system, adrenal gland, heredity and emotional nature and control of anger, fear and anxiety. Personality 1. Definition, list the components: Physical characteristics, character, abilities, temperament

interest and attitudes. 2. Discuss briefly the role of heredity nervous system, physical characteristics, abilities,

family and culture on personality development. 3. Basic concepts of Freud: Unconscious, conscious, Id. Ego & superego, list and define the

oral, anal and phallic stages of personality development. List and define the 3 stages in proposed by Dellard and Miller, drive, cue, response and reinforcement.

4. Personality assessment: interview, Standardized, non-standardized exhaustive and stress interviews, list and define inventeries BAI, CPI and MMPI Projective test: Rorschach, TAT and sentence completion test.

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Learning: Definition, List the laws of learning as proposed by Thorndike. Types of learning: Briefly describe, classical conditioning. Operant conditioning, insight observation and trail and error type, list the effective ways to learn: massed Vs spaced, Role Vs part, Recitation Vs Reading, Serial Vs Frec Recall, Knowledge of Results, association, organization, mnemonic methods incidental Vs International Learning, role of language. Thinking: Definition, concepts, creativity, steps in creative thinking list the traits of creative people delusions. Frustration: Definition sources, solution conflict: approach – approach avoidance – avoidance and approach avoidance, solution. Sensation, attention and perception 1. List the senses: Vision Hearing, Olfactory, Gustatory and cutaneous sensation, movement

equilibrium and Visceral sense, Define attention and list factors that determine attention nature of stimulus intensity, colour, change, extensity, repetition, movement size curiosity primary motives.

2. Define perception and list the principles of perception: figure ground, constancy, similarity, proximity, closure, continuity values and interests, past experience context, needs moods, religion, sex and age, perceived susceptibility perceived seriousness, perceived benefits and socio-economic status.

3. Define illusion and hallucination. 4. List visual, auditory, cutaneous, gustatory and olfactory hallucination. Democratic and authoritarian leadership: Qualities of leadership: physical factors, intelligence, self-confidence, sociability, will and dominance. Define attitude change of attitude by: Additional information, changes in group affiliation enforced modification by law and procedures that effect personality. (Psychotherapy, counseling and religious conversion) Defense Mechanisms of the Age: Denial, rationalization, projection, reaction formation, identification repression, emotional insulation, undoing introjections, acting out, depersonalization. 07. SOCIOLOGY Course Description This course will introduce students to the basic sociology concepts, principles and social process, social institutions [in relation the individual, family and community] and the various social factors affecting the family in rural and urban communities in India will be studied. Introduction: 1. Meaning – Definition and scope of sociology. 2. Its relation to Anthropology, Psychology, Social Psychology.

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3. Methods of Sociological investigations – Case study, social survey, questionnaire, Interview

and opinion poll methods. 4. Importance of its study with special reference to Health Care professionals.

Social factors in Health and disease Situations: 1. Meaning of social factors. 2. Role of social factors in health and illness. Socialization: 1. Meaning and nature of socialization. 2. Primary, Secondary and Anticipatory socialization. 3. Agencies of socialization. Social Groups: 1. Concepts of social groups, influence of formal and informal groups on health and sickness.

The role of primary groups and secondary groups in the hospital and rehabilitation setup. Family: 1. The family, meaning and Definitions 2. Functions of types of family 3. Changing Family patterns 4. Influence of Family on the individuals health, family and nutrition, the effects of sickness

in the family and psychosomatic disease and their importance to physiotherapy Community: 1. Rural community: Meaning and features – Health hazards of ruralities, health hazards to

tribal community. 2. Urban community: Meaning and features – Health hazards of urbanities

Culture and Health: 1. Concept of Health 2. Concept of Culture 3. Culture and Health 4. Culture and Health Disorders

Social Change: 1. Meaning of social changes 2. Factors of social changes 3. Human adaptation and social change 4. Social change and stress 5. Social change and deviance 6. Social change and health programme 7. The role of social planning in the improvement of Health and rehabilitation

Social Problems of disabled: Consequences of the following social problems in relation to sickness and disability remedies prevent these problems. 1. Population explosion.

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2. Poverty and unemployment. 3. Beggary. 4. Juvenile delinquency. 5. Prostitution. 6. Alcoholism. 7. Problems of women in employment.

Social Security: Social Security and social legislation in relation to the disabled Social Worker: 1. Meaning of Social Works 2. The role of a medical social worker

Recommended Text Books 1. Sachdeva and Vidyabushan, Introduction to the study of sociology 2. INDRANI T K, Text Books of sociology for Graduates Nurses and Physiotherapy

Students Brothers, New Delhi, 10 08. BIOMECHANICS OF HUMAN MOTION Course Description This course will enable the student to understand the bio mechanics and their application Physiotherapy in restoration of the physical function

Section – I Mechanics and Mechanical Principles: 1. Definition of mechanics, force, diagrammatic representation of forces, measurement of

forces, classification of force, Action of forces. Forces acting on the human body. Concurrent force Coplanar and Parallel forces. Composition and Resolution of forces.

2. Momentum action and reaction, Friction, Rotation, about a pivot, Angle of pull of muscle. Assistance and resistance to movements Memento of a force and practical application.

3. Gravity: Definition, Line of Gravity. Centre of gravity. 4. Equilibrium: supporting base, Stability of equilibrium, use of equilibrium board. 5. Energy Work and power: Potential and kinetic energy, Work and Power. 6. Levers: Lever, Action of the lever, Position of the fulcrum, Orders of levers. 7. Tools and other mechanical devices: Pulleys, system of pulleys, double pulley block. 8. Elasticity : Definition, Stress, Strain, Hook’s Law. 9. Springs : Properties of springs, springs in series and parallel. 10. Mechanics of peripheral joints in detail mechanics of muscle – types of contraction, angle

of pull, action of muscles. 11. Biomechanics of spine. 12. Biomechanics of Breathing.

Section -II

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Exercise Therapeutic Modalities 1. Introduction 2. Mechanics and Mechanical principles.

a). Mechanical principles applied in physiotherapy like force momentum Torque etc. b). Mechanics of Position Gravity, Line of gravity and centre of gravity in human body, Base, Equilibrium fixation and stabilization. c). Mechanics of Movement areas and planes, the plane of movement and gravity d). Lever: Definition, Orders of Lever, examples in human body, Levers at home and at work, Levers in physiotherapy e). Pulleys: Different types of pulley and their uses in physiotherapy f). Movement Analysis : ADL activities like sitting – to standing, lifting, various grips, pinches, mechanics of breathing [mechanics or rib cage] g). Elasticity: Elastic materials used in physiotherapy like, springs [in detail], Rubber elastic and Sorbo Rubbers. h). Hydrostatics and Hydrodynamics principles used in hydrotherapy.

3. Goniometry 4. Mechanical principles of equipment seen in the gymnasium like parallel bars, wall bars,

static cycle, Continuous passive motion {CPM}, shoulder wheel, shoulder ladder, stair case, suspension apparatus {principles and use], springs, pulleys, tilt bed.

5. Walking Aids and Crutch [types] 6. Gait and Gait parameters normal & abnormal gait pattern. Reference Text Books: 1. Kisner, Therapeutic Exercise Foundation and Techniques, JP Bros Medical Publishers,

Bangalore, Ist Indian Ed 1997, Rs. 350.00 2. Brunnstorm, Clinical Kinesiology, JP Bros Medical Publishers, Bangalore, 5th Ed 1996, Ist

Indian Ed 1998,Rs. 250.00 3. Clinical Kinesiology for Physical Therapist Assistants, JP Bros Medical Publishers,

Bangalore Ist Indian Ed 1997, Rs. 300.00 Practical 1. Goniometry 2. Equilibrium board, Shoulder wheel, Shoulder ladder, Bicycle ergometer. 3. Walking Aids/Crutches and stair case 4. Use of parallel Bars. CPM, stepper, treadmill wall Bars, Tilt Beds, springs, Pulleys,

overhead pulley system. 5. ADL analysis. 6. Suspension therapy – part , Suspension therapy of all joint. 7. Hydrotherapy. CLINICAL ORIENTATION This is an ongoing clinical training program for the students.

At the level of year I the students must be exposed to the various clinical settings and some hours the out patient department of physiotherapy.

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At the level of year II the students should at least 3 morning sessions in the out patient physiotherapy session and practice hands on skills learnt in therapeutics and electrotherapy. At year III level onwards student should be placed in ward settings in various sections like orthopaedics, general medicine, surgical, neurological and cardio thoracic settings. At year IV level the clinical training continues and further exposure to Intensive Care and CCU essential.

II Year

1. PHARMACOLOGY This course introduces the students to basic Pharmacology of common drugs used and their importance in the overall treatment including physiotherapy. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY Terminology Classification of drugs Principles of drug administration and routes of administration, distribution, metabolism, Excretion of drugs, factors influencing drug action, dosage and factors modifying it. Drug allergy and toxicity mechanism of drug action (various ways in which they act) Definition, action, indication, contraindication, adverse reaction of the following:- Drugs acting on peripheral nervous system: stimulating and inhibiting, cholinergic and adrenergic endings. Drugs acting at neuromuscular junction and muscle. Muscle relaxant, Alcohol. Drugs action on CNS: Analgesics, Antipyretic, Narcotics, Anti-inflammatory, antiepileptic drugs, Sedatives, Hypnotics, tranquillizers, anticonvulsants, stimulants, psychotherapeutics. Pulmonary effects of general anaesthetic agents Local Anaesthetic agents. Drugs acting on digestive system in brief. Drugs acting on CVS: Antihypertensive, Vasoconstrictors, Vasodilators, Diuretics, Mucolytic agents, Bronchodialators drugs used in inhalation therapy. Drugs which influence myocardial contractility and heart rate. Cardio respiratory function which influence the physical exercise. Bronchodialators- drugs used in inhalation therapy Drugs action on C.N.S. and Cardio-respiratory function which influence the physical exercise. Antimicrobial agents. Anti Coagulant Endocrine Pharmacology Thyroxin, glucocorticoids, anabolic steroids, calcitonia, insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents.

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Immunological agents and vaccines 02. PATHOLOGY Theory General Pathology 1. Inflammation – General aspects – types. 2. Tissue repair – wound healing fracture. 3. Cell injury – degeneration – physical and chemical irritants, ionising radiations – cellulitis 4. Disturbances of circulation – edema, thrombosis, embolism 5. Necrosis, Gangrene 6. Growth and its disorders –Atrophy Hypertrophy (Pseudo) 7. Cellular ageing 8. Tumors – Definition, Classification, Etiology and Spread (brief) 9. Infection –Acute/Chronic, including AIDS . 10. Blood: Anemia, definition, classification, etiology, laboratory investigation, blood picture.

Haemorrhagic disorders (causes and classifications) Systemic Pathology: [Each condition in this section is to be taught under the specific headings Causes, Development, Gross and Microscopic only] Respiratory System - Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Bronchiaectesis, Asthma, Emphysema, Tuberculosis and Carcinoma of lung, Occupational lung diseases. Cardiovascular System - Rheumatic heart disease, Myocardial infraction, Atherosclerosis, Congenital heart diseases. Alimentary System - Peptic Ulcer Ulcerative lesions of intestine Liver - Hepatitis, Cirrhosis Central Nervous System - Meningitis, Encephalitis, Cerebral Haemorrhage Brief outline of Tumor. Peripheral Nerves - Neuritis, Neuralgia, GB Syndrome, Neuropathies Bones – joints - Osteomyelitis, Osteoarthritis, Septic Arthritis Gout, Arthritis Osteomalacia, Bone tumors briefly. Giant cell tumor, Osteosarcoma Ewing’s only. Muscle - Disorder of Muscle including poliomyelitis and myopathies. Volkman’s Ischemic contracture Skin - Scleroderma, Psoriasis, Autoimmune disorders Urinary System - Nephritis, Glomerulonephritis, Nephrotic Syndrome Endocrine - Thyroid – Thyroiditis, Thyroid tumors, Diabetes

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Practical 1. Demonstration of slides Anemia Leukemia Acute inflammation, Chronic inflammation Tuberculosis of lymph node Thrombosis, Embolism Leprosy Squamous Cell Carcinoma Osteogenic sarcoma Osteoclastoma 2. Specimen Demonstration 3. Estimation of haemoglobin, ESR, Blood Grouping, RBC,WBC and platelet count Recommended Text Books JCE, Under wood – General and Systemic Pathology by Church Livingstone 03. MICROBIOLOGY A – Introduction and history of microbiology B – General lectures on micro- organism 1.Classification 2.Shape and arrangement 3.Special characteristics – spores, capsules, enzymes, motility reproduction C - Disinfection and antiseptics D - Sterilization and asepsis E - Antibacterial agents – Fundamental aspect, susceptibility test. F - Infection - Source of infection

- Source of entry - Spread of infection

G - Non – specific immunity H - Immunity – natural and acquired I - Allergy and hypersensitivity J - Outline of common pathogenic bacteria and diseases produced by them

1. Respiratory tract infections - streptococcus infection, pneumocucci, diphththerias, klebisella.

2. Enteric Infections – salmonella, Sigella E.Coli, Silriocholera 3. Anaerobic infection 4. Meningitis 5. Urinary tract infection 6. Leprosy and tuberculosis 7. Wound infections 8. Sexually transmitted diseases including AIDS 9. Hospital acquired infection – Pseudomonas, staphylococci

K - Pathogenic yeasts and fungi L - Virology – Virus infections, with special mention of Hepatitis, Poliomyelitis,

HIV’s and rabies. Universal precautions against HIV infection.

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Practical Demonstration only 1. Staining 2. Microscopy 3. Sterilization 4. Media 5. Stool sample 6. Applied Microbiology with respect to systemic, parasitology, mycology, immunology,

hypersensitivity test. Recommended Text Books 1. Satish Gupta. Short text book of Medical Microbiology, 7th Ed. Jaypee, New Delhi, 1995. 2. Ichhpujani and Hatia, Microbiology for Nurses, Jaypee, Delhi, 1994 3. Jayaram Panicker Text book of Microbiology 3 rd Ed. Delhi Jaypee, 1993 04. THERAPEUTICS (Exercise Therapy) In this course, the students will comprehend the principles and effects of exercise as therapeutics modality and will learn the techniques in the restoration of physical functions. Therapeutic Exercise & Movement Therapy 1. Evaluation Methods – principles – techniques – merits – demerits

a) Individual and Group Muscle

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b) Mobility – goniometry and soft tissue tightness c) Limb girth and length d) Posture e) Chest expansion f) Hand function

2. Massage – Principles, techniques, physiological and therapeutic effects – merits – demerits- indications and contraindications specific manipulation and specific area of body.

3. Relaxation – concepts – principles – indications – techniques 4. Locomotion :

a) Gait, normal gait analysis, pathological gaits, gaits training b) Training with supportive aids c) Staircase climbing d) Transport e) Walking aids – principles – selection – training – crutch walking – cane walking f) Pre-crutch training

5. A.D.L. (Activity for Daily Living with special emphasis to lower limbs and spine)

a) Posture – Physiological deviation – corrective exercises ideal sitting – standing and resting positions – preventive measures.

b) Mat exercises – transfer activities – equilibrium / balancing exercises – principles- techniques – selection of mode – indications – contraindications

6. a. Exercises for strength : Mobility, Flexibility, Power skill, Endurance, function and

specificity – principles –effect – merits / demerits- selection of exercises and techniques – home exercise programme – objective methods- group exercises b. Therapeutic Gymnasium

7. a. Breathing exercises-principle techniques, effect – merits / demerits. b. Various positions used in therapeutics c. Exercise for bronchial hygiene- postural drainage – coughing and huffing exercises –home programme – principles techniques effect – merits and demerits

8. Aerobic exercises – principals – techniques – effects – merits – demerits 9. Hydrotherapy – principles – effects merits – demerits 10. Exercise for hand function 11. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation 12. Co – ordination exercise. 13. Joint movement – principles of mobilizing joints for increasing its range of motion,

techniques of mobilization of stiff joint. 14. Suspension therapy – principles types, uses merits, demerits Practicals

1. Demonstration and practice of movement to upper limb, lower limb and cervical spine and

lumber spine. [passive movements, active movements, resistance exercises delormes etc] 2. Massage – [practicals] Demonstration and practice of all types of massage manipulation stroking. Effleurage,

kneading- circular kneading. Thumb kneading finger kneading picking up, skin rolling [back], clapping etc. The above various type of manipulation should be demonstrated and practiced to upper limb, lower limbs, back and face appropriately.

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3 Suspension Therapy: Demonstration of types suspension therapy. 4 Demonstration and practice of stretching Techniques. 5 Demonstration and practice of mobilization of all joints of upper limb and lower limb. 6 Demonstration and practice of techniques of strengthening. 7 Demonstration of exercises at different joints of upper limb, lower limb and spine 8 Practice of various types of gaits and pre crutch training. 9 Demonstration and practice of functional Re-education Technique. 10 Measurement of Limb length, girth 11 Berating exercises and postural drainage various positions 12 Co-ordination exercises [frenkles exercises] Books Recommended 1. Principles of Exercise Therapy by M. Dena Gardner 2. Practicals Exercise Therapy – Hollis Margaret 3. Aids to physiotherapy – by JM Lee 4. Therapeutic Exercise – by Basmajian 5. Therapeutic Exercise –by Sydeny Litch 6. ALIMCO Volumes

05 ELECTROTHERAPY Theory Section I – Low Frequency Current 1. Types of currents used in therapeutics

a) Direct current b) Alternating Current – short & long duration – evenly alternating sinusoidal c) Didyanamic current d) Medium frequency currents

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e) Micro current / high voltage currents f) Dipulse.

2. Production of electrical impulses 3. Principles of application

Electrode tissue interface Types of electrodes Current flow of tissues Arrangement of electrodes Water baths Unipolar – bipolar electrodes Risk factors / precautions Lowering skin resistances.

4. Direct currents – Iontophorosis, Cathodal / anaodal galvanism / electrophoresis – indications contraindications.

5. Low frequency current – selection of currents.

Nerve Muscle Physiology Resting potential, Action potential, Propogation of action potential, Motor unit, synapse and synaptic transmission of impulse. Effect of negative and positive electrodes on nerve and accommodations.

Faradic Current: Definition, characteristic and modified faradic current, sinusoidal current. Parameters of faradic stimulation. Physiological and therapeutic effects of faradic stimulation. Indications, contraindications and precautions. Techniques of stimulation, Group muscle stimulation Faradic foot bath, faradism under pressure and pelvic floor muscle reeducation. Galvanic current: Introduction and characteristics Parameters of Stimulation Physiological and Therapeutic effects of stimulation Indications and contra-indications Principles of treatment and Techniques of stimulation precautions. Electro – Diagnosis: F.G. Test S.D. Curve – Chronaxie and Rheobase E.M.G, Nerve Conduction (in brief) Nerve Conduction Velocity Measurement (out line only) TENS Definitions, Pain Gate Theory: Theories of pain modulation, principles of TENS treatment, Techniques of treatment, Indications and Contra – indications. Section II – Medium and High Frequency current and Thermotherapy 1. Medium frequency currents - Didynamic currents Russion Currents Interferential currents

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Safety with Electrical currents Biofeed back 2. Electrical changes within the body 3. Biofeed back for pain relief. 4. Thermo & actino Therapeutic

a. Electro magnetic radiations. b.Infra red – types-therapeutic selection – effects, indications and contra indications merits /

demerits. c. Visible radiations. d. Laser-types-effects-techniques-merits-demerits. e. U.V.R.-types-effects-techniques-merits-demerits. f. Cold packs, hot packs, contrast bath, wax therapy. 5. Thermotherapeutic agents derived from high frequency currents – their effects – merits –

demerits – techniques - S W D / M W D / Ultra sound / Pulsed electromagnetic energy. Practicals To elaborate on techniques of all the modalities of low middle and high frequencies current. Detailed techniques of application of therapeutic currents – precautions – risk factors. Preparation of patients / equipment / electrodes / safety techniques of applications.

Pre application testing Thermotherapy 1. Physiological effects of heat & cold. 2. Comparison of superficial heat, deep heat and cryotherapy, contrast bath, fluido therapy. 3. To elaborate the following topics in terms of specific physiological and therapeutic

effects, indications and contra-indications, advantages over other modalities (Comparison) principles of selection of that specific thermo therapeutic modality and techniques of individual modality.

a. Superficial heat – paraffin wax bath, domestic methods, dry and wet heats. b. Cryotherapy – contrast bath and fluido therapy. c. Deep heat – (i) S W D – to elaborate about various electrodes and methods used (ii) M.W.D.-to calibrate on various electrodes. (iii) Therapeutics ultrasound.

4. Various types of electrodes use in Thermotherapy and action therapy, merits and demerits of the electrodes used, specific techniques pertaining to particular modalities.

5. Pre-application testing. 06. BIO-ENGINEERING This course supplements the knowledge of Anatomy and enclose the students to have a better understanding of the principles of biomechanics and their application in musculo-skeletal function and dysfunction and in design manufacture and use of bio-engineering appliances. Theory 1. Introduction and terminology: prosthesis and orthosis. 2. Classification of orthoses and prostheses. 3. Bio-mechanical principles of orthotic application. 4. Bio-mechanical principles of prosthetic application.

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5. Designing of upper and lower extremity and spinal orthosis including indications and

check out. 6. Designing of upper and lower extremity prostheses, indications and check out. 7. Materials used for fabrications. 8. Psychological aspects of orthotic and prosthetic application. 9. Prescription and design of foot wear and modifications. 10. Wheel chairs 11. Design and construction of adaptive devises. Practical The student is trained in evaluation and planning prosthesis and orthosis as well as in acquiring ability to do the check out. Recommended Books: 1. Atlas of Orthotics: Biomechanical Principles and Applications, St. Louis, C.V. Mosby,

1975. 2. American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons: Atlas of Limb Prosthetic Principles. St.

Louis, C.V. Mosby, 1981. 3. ALIMCO Volumes

III Year 1. CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS The course enables students to understand the common traumatic and orthopedic conditions which cause disability. Theory

Section –1

General Orthopaedics: Clinical examination of an orthopaedic patient, common investigations, Radiological and Imaging techniques [salient features] Deformities – Acquired deformities, causes – principles of Management Splinting Traction Procedures – Materials Preventive orthopedics Geriatric orthopedics Congenital disorders Common disorders: Congenital Torticolis, Congenital CLUB FOOT, CDH, Congenital scoliosis, flat foot. Rare disorders: Congenital construction bands, Congenital Pseudo anthrosis of tibias, Congenital Radioulnar Synostosis, Congenital limb deficiencies. Uncommon Disorders: Coxavara, Congenital Vertical talus, Ostogenesis Imperfecta AG. MC Infection of bones and joints

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Pyogenic – Acute osteomyelitis, complicating open features, chronic osteomyelitis Brodies abscess. Tuberculosis of spine, major joints and other joints (Hip, Knee, Ankle Elbow, Shoulder & Wrist) Tuberculosis Osteomyelitis – Dactylitis, Caries rib. Arthritis – Acute pyogenic Arthritis – septic arthritis of infancy, small pox arthritis – Chronic arthritis – Syphillic infection of joints – Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteo arthritis. Bone Tumors – classification Primary Bone Tumors – Osteosarcome, Giant Cell Tumor, Ewings Sareoma Bone Metastasis Neurological and Muscular disorders. Anterior poliomyelitis stages, management, surgery Cerebral Palsy – types, treatment Leprosy: Classification, management foot drop, claw hand tropic ulcer Muscular dystrophy: types and treatment Birth injury: Erbs palsy, Klumpkes palsy Peripheral Nerve injury and its management

Section II Traumatology :- Fracture and Dislocation: Briefly mention – Types of fracture and dislocation, symptoms and signs of above injuries and their principle of management and complication, healing of fracture. Spinal Injury – Paraplegia, Quadriplegia. Pre and post operative management of tendon transfer. Tendon operation, External fixation, Limb re-attachment, spinal stabilization Ligament & Meniscus Injury of Knee. Lower Limb Backache: Lumbosacral strain, Intervertebral Disc prolapse, Lumbar Canal stenosis, sacroiliac strain spondylosis Foot : Painful Heel, Metatarsalgia, Foot strain, Flat Foot. Regional conditions of neck and upper limb Neck Cervical spondylosis Cervical rib Torticollis Brachialgia Shoulder: Rotator Cuff Injury Periarthritis shoulder Tendinitis – Supraspinatus Infraspinatus, Bicipital Tendinitis

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Elbow: Tennis elbow, Golfers elbow Wrist and Hand: Describe Queruain’s Disease Hand Trigger finger & thumb, Ganglion Carpal tunnel Syndrome Mallet finger Duptyuren’s contracture Practical The students will be exposed to a variety of clinical cases, with case, demonstration and ward rounds. Books Recommended 1. Text Book Orthopaedics – Maheshwari 2. Natarajan’s Text Book of Orthopaedics and Traumatology – 3. Outline of Fractures –Adams 4. Outline of Orthopedics –Adams 5. Orthopaedics & Traumatology – Natarajan 6. Aplay’s Orthopaedics 02. GENERAL MEDICINE Theory This course follows the basic science subjects to provide the knowledge about relevant aspects of general medicine 1. Infection: Infectious diseases including AIDS, poisons & venoms, emphasis in common

diseases. 2. Deficiency diseases in adults and malnutrition. 3. Diseases of metabolism – special emphasis to be given to Diabetes mellitus its varieties

and management. 4. Endocrine diseases, special emphasis to be given to obesity and its related disorders –

management – Diet exercise and medication. 5. Diseases of the blood (anaemia, clinical manifestation common anaemia’s and

management haemophilia) 6. Diseases of the digestive system (in brief) management. 7. Rheumatic Fever, Common Rheumatic conditions

a) Rheumatoid Arthritis – pathology – classification – clinical manifestations, medical management.

b) Polyarthritis, Juvenile R.A., Ankylosing spondylitis, Psoriatic arthritis, polyarteritis modosa, scleroderma

c) Degenerative – primary / secondary Osteoarthritis, pseudo joint, Avascular necrosis, Perthese disease.

d) Calcium metabolism and its disorders: Osteomalacia, Osteoporosis: symptoms. Management.

Cardio – Thoracic Conditions

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A> Brief idea of Anatomy and Physiology of Cardio respiratory system B> Outline Aetio Pathogenesis of Cardio – respiratory disorders, Investigations, Diagnosis,

Differential diagnosis and principles of Management C> Cardio –Vascular system:

1. Cardiac failure –Definition, Causes, Symptoms and signs and Brief management of Cardiac failure

2. Rheumatic fever – Definition, Brief description of etiology, Clinical features, Complications and treatment

3. Congenital Heart Diseases – Classification and brief outline of diseases like ASD, VSD,. PDA. Fallot’s Tetralogy with complication.

4. Ischemic Heart Disease –Aetio pathogenesis classifications Symptoms, Diagnosis, Medical and Surgical treatment

5. Hypertension – Definition, Classification, Symptomatology, complication and treatment 6. Infective Endocarditis – Brief aetiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Diagnosis and

treatment. 7. Brief description of Deep Vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. 8. Vascular Disease Atherosclerosis, Burgers disease, Phlebitis etc. 9. Cardiac Muscle disorder: Cardiomyopathies, Myocarditis 10. Cardiac Tumors

D> Respiratory System: [Respiratory disease including diseases of chest wall] 1. Chronis Bronchitis and Emphysema; Definition; Clinical features diagnosis and Treatment 2. Bronchial Asthma; Definition, Aetiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Diagnosis and Treatment 3. Pneumonia ; Definition ,Classification, Clinical tests of pulmonary tuberculosis, Diagnosis Complications and Treatment 4. Tuberculosis; Aetiopathogenesis, Clinical tests of pulmonary tuberculosis. Diagnosis,

complication and treatment. 5. Lung abscess and bronchiactesis; Definition, Clinical features, Diagnosis and treatment. 6. Chest Wall deformities; Describe various deformities of chest wall and effect and Pulmonary diseases associated with it. 7. Occupational lung diseases –Clinical features, diagnosis and treatments. 8. Respiratory failure – classification, causes and treatment. 9. A R D S Intensive & Emergency Care: (First Aid) 1. Review of anatomy & Physiology related to acute care – cardio – vascular system,

pulmonary system nervous system & musculoskeletal system. 2. Common emergencies ( surgical and medical)

Trauma – Accidents : explosions: riots: gunshots – shock haemorrhage - DIC Burns, septicemia – acute respiratory failure, pulmonary oedema / pulmonary embolism – A.R.O.S. Cardiac failure / Myocardial infarction, Cardiac arrhythmias unconsciousness /Coma / cerebral hypoxia – drug overdose, poisoning, Tetanus,

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respiratory paralysis ( Polio – G.B. Syndromes) Renal Failure – obstetrical emergencies – Paediatric emergencies.

3. Intensive / metabolic emergencies 4. Anaesthetics – types – indications – merits – demerits – effect of Gen – Anaesthesia on

cardiopulmonary function. 5. Special procedures in intensive care, cardio pulmonary resuscitation and airway care –

bronchoscope – throacentasis – tracheotomy – intubations – chest tubes (Nasogastric tubes and trachnicals incubation) –Skeletal and skin tractions.

6. Bioelectric instrumentation / interpretation – E.C.G. Cardio pulmonary monitoring – Radiological evaluation – A & C. Analysis. Fluid & electrolyte balance – haematological studies.

7. Therapeutics – Mechanical Ventilators – Medical gas therapy I.P.P.B. 8. Psychosocial aspect of critical care. Psychiatric disorders 1. Mental health – normal mental health, Criteria of normality or matured personality factors

contribution to normal mental health self actualizing individual. 2. Psychosis 3. Affective disorders (a) Mania – Hyper mania, (b) Depression types. 4. Epileptic disorders 5. Hysteria 6. Introduction to the dynamics of Psychophysical disorder Asthma, skin rashes 7. Treatment in psychiatric disorders. Pediatric Conditions

1. C.N.S. Involvement in children - Tubercular meningitis & other infective conditions. 2. Birth trauma / intrauterine and early infancy conditions. Cerebral palsy – types – methods

of evaluation – management. 3. Learning disorders – perceptual disorders. 4. Mental retardation – etiological factors, types symptomatology treatment. 5. Problems in emotional development – nail biting, bed wetting behavioral problems, thumb

sucking, aggressive & harmful behaviour, relationship of child – parent – teacher. 6. Childhood obesity and its complications. 7. Hereditary neuromuscular disorders- Down’s syndrome. 8. Congenital neuromuscular disorders including spinal dystrophism. 9. Peripheral neuromuscular disorders including polio, spinal muscular atrophies, muscular

dystrophics, myopathy. 10. Malnutrition and vitamin deficiency – associated systemic conditions – Rickets, skin

conditions, deficiency neuromuscular conditions. 11. Respiratory conditions, Asthma T.B. Bronchioctesis and neuromuscular conditions. 12. Acute paediatric respiratory distress syndrome – intensive paediatric care. 13. Intensive neonatological and paediatric surgical care. 14. Congenital cardiovascular problems – management. 15. Cardio – respiratory rehabilitation in children.

Dermatology Conditions Diseases of the skin: common diseases of skin – leprosy, vasomotor disorders, trophic ulcers, their classifications and management, coccal and fungal parasitic and viral infections, skin diseases related to Rheumatology, and tropical skin diseases

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Text Books Recommended 1. Patrice A dowine, Textbook of General Medical and Surgical Conditions for

Physiotherapists, JP Bors. Medical Publishers, Bangalore, lst Indian Ed 1993. Rs. 250.00 03. GENERAL SURGERY 1. Haemorrhage, shock, water & electrolytes balance. 2. Burns – classifications – early and late complications, management and reconstructive

surgery. 3. Skin grafts and flaps classifications, criteria for selections, indications for management of

cosmetic surgery ( to be taught by plastic surgery unit) 4. Common problems of ear, Otitis media. 5. Wounds, sinuses and ulcers, incisions building and principles of treatments. 6. Abdominal surgery – cholecystis, peptic and duodenal ulcer. 7. Otosclerosis, functional achonia and deafness, management – facial palsy –classification,

medical and surgical management of lower motor neurone type of facial palsy. 8. Surgery of genetic – urinary system, prostatectomy, nephrectomy – relapse rectum,

reconstructive Surgery in paralytic, condition. 9. Ophthalmological conditions, refractions, conjunctivitis, glaucoma, corneal ulcer, iritic,

cataract, retinitis, detachment of retina, ptosis defects of extras ocular muscles – surgical management.

10. Hernia – types and management. 11. Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Gynaecology and Obstetrical conditions. 1. Anatomy of pelvic organs / mechanics and physiology of pelvic floor – sphincter muscles. 2. Menstrual cycle & its disorders. 3. Maternal Physiology in pregnancy. 4. Malnutrition and deficiencies in females. 5. Other hormonal disorders of females –obesity and female hormones. 6. Infections & sexually transmitted disease in females including AIDS. 7. Cancer of the female reproductive organs – management. 8. Menopause, its effects on emotions and musculoskeletal systems. 9. Sterility – Pathophysiology – investigations – management. 10. Musculoskeletal disorders during pregnancy. 11. Prenatal complications – investigations – management. 12. Child birth –Complications – investigations management. 13. Urogenital dysfunction, pre- post natal conditions. 14. Lactation – Management. 15. Methods of birth control – merits / demerits. 16. Complications of multiple child births. CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY 1. Introduction Types of incision, Pre and post operative Assessment, management and complications of cardiothoracic surgery and their management.

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2. Cardiac Surgery I> Outline, indications, Contra – indications, site of incision. Pre and post Operative

Management and Complications of the following: Valvotomy and Valve Replacement Open Heart Surgery /Cardiac by pass Surgery Surgery on Pericardium. Operations on Congenital disorders, Heart Transplantation, Pacemaker Coronary Angioplasty Balloon Angioplasty and Vascular Surgery [Outline surgery of Artery and Veins]

3. Thoracic Surgery: I> Outline, Clinical features and management of the following: fracture of ribs, Flail chest,

Stove in chest. Pneumothorax, Lung Contusion and Laceration and Injury to Vessels and Branches.

II> Outline Indications, Contra Indications, Site of incision, Pre and Post operative management and complications of following: Lobectomy, Pneumonectomy, Segementectomy, Pleuropneumonectomy, Thoracoplasty, Decortications, and Tracheostomy.

III> Outline, clinical features and management of Carcinoma of lung. IV> Describe in detail of the following procedures:

Management of endotracheal tubes, Tracheal suction, Weaning the patient form Ventilator, Extubation, Post –Extubation Care.

V> Describe the principles of Cardio – pulmonary Resuscitation, Cardiac massage, Artificial

respiration. Defibrillators and their use. Brief idea on pharmacology related to cardio respiratory disease

VI> ICU – care 4. ENT Condition – otitismedia, Sinusitis, rhinorrhea. Practical The student will be exposed to various clinical cases where possible, through ward rounds and case presentation Books recommended Medicine: 1. Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine 2. Harrison’s Internal Medicine 3. Braunwald Text of Cardiology 4. Text Books of Cardiology by Hurst Surgery: 1. General Surgical Operations – by Kirk/ Williamson 2. Surgery by Nan 3. Bailys and Love – short practice of Surgery 4. Chest Disease by Corofion and Douglas.

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5. Patrice A Dowine, Textbook of Heart, Chest Vascular Disease for Physiotherapists, JP

Bros Medical Publishers, Bangalore, lst Indian Ed. 1993 Rs. 250.00 04. COMMUNITY MEDICINE This course provides knowledge about epidemiology, health education, communicable diseases, health delivery system in urban and rural India and National Health Programmes. It foundation to practical.

1. General concept of health and disease with reference to natural history of disease with pre-pathology phase. The role of social economic and cultural environment in health and disease.

2. Epidemiology and scope. 3. Public Health Administration – Over all view of the Health Administration setup and

Central and State levels. Health care delivery programs in urban and rural areas, Health and Population statistics.

4. The National Health Programmes- High lighting the role of social , economic and cultural factors in the implementation of the National Programmes.

5. Health problems of Vulnerable group - Pregnant and lactating women, lnfants and Pre-school children Occupation groups and Geriatrics.

6. Occupational health: Definition, scope, occupational disease and hazards. 7. Social security and other measures for the protection of occupational hazards, accidents

and disease. 8. Family planning- Objectives of national Family Planning progammes and Family planning

methods. A general idea of advantages and disadvantages of methods. 9. Metal Health – Community aspects of mental health: role of physiotherapists / therapists

in Mental Health Problems such as mental retardation. 10. Communicable diseases – An overall view of communicable diseases classified according

to principal mode of transmission. Role of insects and other vectors. 11. International Health Agencies. 12. Principles and process of communication, I.E.C. [Information, Education and

Communication] 13. Health Education Philosophy, Main Principles and Objectives. 14. Methods and Tools of health education: Individual and group methods. 15. The role of profession in health education: Role of other personal in health education, co-

ordination and co-operation, health education with other members of the health team. 16. Elements of planning a health Education Programmes.

05. NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY Neurology Neurology Following the basic science and clinical science course, this course introduces the students to the neurological conditions which commonly cause disability.

1. Basic Neurophysiology: a. Motor [Pyramidal, Extrapyramidal and cerebellar b. Sensory c. Reflexes, Bladder and Bowel control.

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2. Principles of clinical examinations, Diagnosis, differential diagnosis and management of

common Neurological disorders. 3. Salient Clinical Features and Management of common Neurological Disorders.

a) Cerebral Palsy with Mental retardation b) Cerebra Vascular Accidents Stroke (Hemiplegia) monoplegia c) Neuro – Infection

I > Meningitis II> Encephalitis, III> Poliomyelitis IV> Neurosyphilis

d) Movement disorders [Parkinsonism, Dystonia, Chorea & Tremors and Writer’s Cramps]. Cerebellar ataxia, FriedReich’s Ataxia etc. e) Motor Neurone Disease f) Dementia g) Disease of spinal cord

I> Compressive [ Spondylotic, Tumors] II> Non –Compressive, paraplegia, quadriplegia

h) Peripheral Neuropathies:

I> GB Syndrome II> Diabetic III> Entrapment neuropathies

i) Muscle Disorders

I Dystrophies II Polymyositis III Myasthenia Gravies

j) Neurogenic bladder

Neurological disease and tropical conditions Neurosurgery A. Neurophysiology Review in brief the neruophysiological basis of tone and disorders of tone and posture. Bladder control muscle contraction, movement and pain. 1. Congenital and Childhood Disorders

a) Hydrocephalus b) Spina bifida

2. Trauma – Broad localization, First Aid and Management of squeal of Head injury and Spinal cord injury.

3. Disease of the spinal cord:

a) Craniovertebral junction anomalies b) Syringomyelia. c) Cervical and lumber disc disease

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d) Tumors e) Spinal archoniditis

3. Peripheral Nerve Disorders:

a) Peripheral nerve injuries : Localisation and Management b) Entrapment neuropathies

5. Intracranial tumors; Broad classification signs and symptoms 6. Pre-operative assessment and indications and contraindications for Neurosurgery. 7. Management of pain, Electrical Stimulation on brain and spinal cord. 8. Neurological conditions 1. Head injury – causes and mechanism of head injury subdural epidural and intracranial

bleeding types of neurological disorders following head injury Personality disorders, epilepsy, Pharmacology of drugs used. Management of head injury in acute, stage.

2. Tumors of neurological system management. 3. Spinal cord lesion management. 4. Paraplegia, hemiplegia, quadriplegia management. 5. Neurogenic bladder – classification – management. 6. Paediatric conditions – meningocele, meningomyocele, spinal tumors, poliomyelitis. 7. Peripheral nerve lesions, management. 8. Surgical Management of brain diseases and Cerebro Vascular Accidents. Practical: Clinical assessment of Neurological function to be taught through bedside of demonstration in clinical class of the following 1. Basic history taking to determine whether the brain, spinal cord of peripheral nerve in

involved. 2. Assessment of higher mental function such as Orientation. Memory, Attention, Speech

and Language 3. Assessment of Cranial nerves 4. Assessment of Motor system 5. Assessment of Sensory Function, Touch, Pain and Position 6. Assessment of Tone – Spasticity, Rigidity and Hypotonia 7. Assessment of Cerebral function. 8. Assessment of Gait abnormalities Books Recommended: 1. Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine 2. Medicine and Neurology by Golewala 3. Surgery by Nan. 4. Bailly’s and Love – Short Practice of Surgery 5. Brains Clinical Neurology

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FINAL YEAR (IVth Year)

01. PHYSIOTHERAPY IN ORTHOPAEDICS Course Description This course serves to integrate the knowledge gained by the students in clinical Orthopedics with skills gained in Exercise Therapy, Electrotherapy and thus enabling them to apply to clinical situations of dysfunction due to musculoskeletal pathology.

Section - I 1. Traumatology and Orthopedics

General Physiotherapeutic approach for traumatic a) Classification of fracture, causes and types. b) Signs and symptoms of fractures. c) Complications of fracture. d) Healing and fracture affecting it. e) Principles of fracture management. f) Principles of Physiotherapy management in fracture g) Physiotherapy management of complications h) Dislocations –Common sites, sign and symptoms

2. Specific fractures and their complete Physiotherapy Assessment and management.

Upper Limb: Scapula, Clavicle, Humerus, Ulna and Radius, Colle’s Fracture and crush injuries of Hand.

Lower Limb: Fracture of pelvis, Neck of femur, Shaft of femur Patella, Tibia and fibula, Pott’s fracture, fractures of tarsal and Metatarsal bones. Spine: Management of fracture of spine with or without neurological deficit Soft tissue injuries: Soft tissue injuries, Synovitis, Capsulitis, Volkmann’s ischemic

contracture etc. Tear of semi lunar cartilage and cruciate ligament of knee. 3. Principles of Physiotherapy Assessment and Management in dislocation.

Section –II 1. Degenerative and Infective Conditions: Osteoarthritis of major joints, Spondylosis, spondilitis, prolapsed intervertebral disc-lesion, spondylolisthesis, Periarthritis, Rotator Cuff Lesions of shoulder, etc. Tuberculosis of spine, bone and major joint, perthes disease. Rheumatoid arthritis, Ankylosing spondilits etc. And other miscellaneous orthopedic conditions commonly treated by physiotherapy and physiotherapist

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2. Deformities: a. Congenital : Tortiocollis and Cervical Rib, C.T.E.V.; Pes cavus and planus and other

common deformities b. Acquired : Scoliosis, Kyphosis, Lordosis, Coxavara, Genuvalgum, Genu Varum and Genu

recurvatum etc. 2. Orthopedic Surgery: Pre and post operative assessment and management of surgeries like Arthorplasty, Arthodesis, and Osteotomy. Tendon transplant, Soft tissue release, Grafting, Partial and complete joint replacement, Arthroscopy, spinal stabilisation, Reattachment limbs. Illizarov technique, surgeries in C.P. and polio and External Fixators. 4. Amputations: Levels of amputation of upper and lower extremity, stump care, setup bandaging, pre and post prosthesis fitting assessment and management [check out of prosthesis, Training etc.] Complications of amputations and their management. 5. Manipulation / Mobilization / Therapy: Assessment, Principles and techniques of therapy and factors considered in therapy – [Mckenzie Mait Land mention only]. 6. Ergonomic measures [in brief] Practical: Various physiotherapy modalities and treatment techniques for the above mentioned conditions to be demonstrated and practiced by the students accompanied by clinical training in the said area. Text books recommended: 1. Cash’s text book of orthopedics and rheumatology for Physiotherapists, Patricia A.

Downie Ist Edn. JP Bros, New Delhi, 1993, Rs. 250 2. Physiotherapy in Rheumatology 3. Clinical Orthopedics for Physical Therapy – by Campbell 4. Tidy’s Physiotherapy 5. Clinical Orthopedics for physical Therapy – by Richardson and Sadowasky 6. May, Amputations an Prosthetics: A case study Approach I st Edn JP Bros, New, Delhi,

1997, Rs. 250/- 7. Mangione, physical Diagnostic Secrets, 1st Edn, JP Bros, New Delhi 1998 Rs. 250/- 8. D’ Young, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Secret, 1st Edn, 1997JP Bors, New Delhi

1997, Rs. 250/- 02. PHYSIOTHERAPY IN GENERAL MEDICINE INCLUDING

CARDIOTHORACIC CONDITIONS Course Description: This source serves to integrate the knowledge gained by clinical medicine and surgery to the Physiotherapy management of the same in situation of dysfunction. Course Objective:

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At the end of the course the students should be able to

(i) Evaluate and identify the problems related to General Medical / surgical dysfunction (ii) Set treatment goals and apply treatment skills to restore function.

I) Review of Pathological changes and principles of the treatment by Physiotherapy of

a) Inflammation – acute, chronic and appurative. b) Oedema Traumatic, Obstructive Paralytic Oedema due to poor muscle and laxity

of the fascia. II) Arthritis and Allied conditions [in details] : Physiotherapy Management of :

a) Osteo-arthritis – Generalised, Degenerative and traumatic, Spondylosis. b) Rheumatoid Arthritis, Still’s disease. Infective Arthritis. c) Spondilitis Ankylosing Spondylitis. d) Non-Articular Rheumatism-Fibrositis, Myalgia, bursitis.

III) Common Conditions of skin: Acne, Psoriasis, Alopecia, Lucoderma IV) Common Vascular diseases: Thrombosis, Embolism, Berger’s disease, Arteriosclerosis. Thrombophlebities, Phlebitis,

Gangrene, hypertension. V) Deficiency Diseases: Rickets, nutritional disorders. VI) Physiotherapy in Psychiatry : How do you handle a patient.

1. Review of Basic Cardi-Respiratory Anatomy and Physiology. 2. Symptomatology of Cardio-Respiratory disorders Investigations, Diagnosis, Differential

diagnosis and Prognosis. 3. Clinical examination of respiratory system Disorders. 4. Principles and Techniques of Physiotherapy in diseases of Respiratory system – postural

drainage, Breathing Exercise, PNF-Respiration. 5. Physiotherapy assessment and management techniques in the following. Bronchitis,

Asthma, Bronchiactesis, Pulmonary embolism, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Emphysema, Pleurisy and empyema, Atelectesis, Pneumothorax, Bronchopulmonary Fistula and other restrictive lung diseases.

6. Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Definition, Aims & Objective Patho – Physiology of the disease Techniques of Rehabilitation including Biofeed – back.

7. Clinical Examination of Cardio-Vascular System Disorders Principles & techniques of Physiotherapy in Cardio-Vascular Diseases.

8. Physiotherapy Assessment and Techniques of Management in the following cardiovascular disease. Congestive heart failure, Myocardial infraction, Endocarditic, Valvular diseases of heart, Congenital Vascular diseases, PDA, Hypertension, thrombosis, phlebitis and phlebothrombosis, Burger’s disease, Varicose veins and ulcers, paediatric problems

03. PHYSIOTHERAPY IN GENERAL SURGERY INCLUDING CARDIOTHORACIC CONDITIONS Courses Description This source serves to integrate the knowledge gained by clinical medicine and surgery to the Physiotherapy management of the same in situations of dysfunction.

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Course Objective: At the end of the course the students should be able to

(i) evaluate the identify the problems related to General Medical / Surgical dysfunction and

(ii) Set treatment goals and apply treatment skills to restore function.

a) Physiotherapy management of complications common to all operations: Pre and post operative physiotherapy.

b) Management of: Wound, Local infections, Ulcers, Surgical procedures related to peripheral Vascular disease.

c) Burns : Degree of burns, Skin grafts. d) General Abdominal Surgery and

1. Abdominal incisions : its pre and post Operative Physiotherapy. 2. Operations on stomach : intestines : Appendectomy, spleenectomy,

Cholecystecomy 3. Operation on abdominal wall, Hernia. 4. Operaions of Genito – Urinary system: prostatectomy, Nephroctomy.

e) Obstetric and Gynaecology. 1. Prolapsed rectum 2. Antenatal and post natal training 3. Complications of Pregnancy 4. Weak abdominal and Pelvic floor muscles 5. Stress incontinence 6. Prolapsed Uterus 7. Special points related to Pelvic Surgery 8. Pelvic inflammatory conditions. 9. Surgery of the Breast Radical mastectomy, Physiotherapy related to above

conditions.

f) ENT: Ear, Nose and Throat Conditions Otitis – media, Sinuses, Disomotor Rhinorrhoea Adenoids Tonsilitis, Physiotherapy related at above conditions.

g) Pre and Post Operative Physiotherapy related to Plastic Surgery conditions. Tendon transfers in Leprosy, Polio-PT management.

h) Physiotherapy in Cancer – pain management, post operative care.

1. Cardio-Thoracic surgery : Incision, Types, Indications and Contra indications. 2. Pre and Post Operative Evaluation : Principles and Techniques of Physiotherapy

management of heart and vascular surgery. 3. Evaluation, Principles and Techniques of Physiotherapy Management in traumatic

and Surgical conditions of Chest, Lung, Pleura and Mediastinum. 4. Principles of Chest Physiotherapy in ICU and ICCU along with effect of

Anesthesia on Cardio – Respiratory System. Knowledge of Equipments in CPU, ICCU, ICU – is a must

5. Pre & Post Operative Physiotherapy assessment and management in the following conditions:-

Lobetomy, Pneumonectomy, Decortications, Thoracoplasty, Bronchopulmonary fistula. - Valvotomy and Valve Replacement - Surgery on Pericardium

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- Open Heart Surgery and Heart Transplant - Congenital Abnormalities of Heart. - Peripheral Vascular Disorders

6. Cardiac Rehabilitation and Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Definition Aims & Objectives Patho – Physiology of diseases Physiotherapy Assessment Principles of Rehabilitation Practical: Various physiotherapy modalities and treatment techniques for above mentioned surgical and Medical conditions should be demonstrated and practiced by the student as well as clinical exposure in the said area. Books Recommended:

1. Cash’s Test Book of Chest Heart Vascular disorders for Physiotherapist 2. The Brampton Guide to chest physiotherapy DU Gasket [Completed] 3. Physiotherapy in Pediatrics – Shepherd 4. Elements of Pediatric Physiotherapy by Pamel M Eckersley

5. Essentials of Cardiac pulmonary physical Therapy by Hillegass an Sadowdky 6. Cardiac pulmonary Symptoms in physical Therapy Practice Cohen and Michel 7. Chest Physiotherapy in Intensive Care Unit By Mackenzie 8. Cash’s Test book of General Medicine and Surgical conditions for Physiotherapists. 9. Physiotherapy in Psychiatry 10. Physical Therapy for the Cancer patient by M.C. Garvey 11. Physiotherapy in Obstetrics and Gynecology by Polden.

04. PHYSIOTHERAPY IN NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY Course Description This course services to integrate the knowledge gained by the student in Neurology with the skills gained in Exercise therapy and advanced treatment skills thus enabling them to apply theses in clinical situations of dysfunction due to pathology in the Nervous system. Theory

1. Review of basic neuro–anatomy and physiology. 2. symptomatology of Neurological disorders, Role of investigations in different

diagnosis. 3. Clinical examination of CNS function including Cranial nerves. 4. Development Disorders of CNS Early detection of Brain damaged child, Risk babies.

Neuro- Paediatric examination.

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5. Development programs and delayed milestones. Neuro developmental screening test.

Minimum Brain Damage Sensory – Motor, Functional Psycho-social behaviours of a child. Perception development and Training.

6. Neuro – developmental approaches [like Bobath technique, Rood’s approach, vojta technique, Biofeed – back] Primitive patterns and abnormal motor behavior due to brain damage, its control and training with reference to gait and hand function.

7. Assessment and Treatment techniques in Stroke, Meningitis, Encephalitis, Parkinson’s disease, CP, Cerebral Ataxia, Friedriech’s Ataxia etc. Head injury, Brain tumors

8. Assessment and Treatment of spinal cord lesions, such as motor neuron disease disseminated sclerosis, transverse Myelitis, Spinal tumors, Poliomyelitis, Syrengomyelia, spinal cord injury and sub acute combined degeneration of spinal cord

9. Assessment and Treatment Neuropathies and Nerve Injuries. 10. Assessment and Treatment of myopathies 11. Pre post surgical Assessment and Treatment in Neuro –Surgery 12. Electro – diagnostic procedures and prognosis in Neurological disorders [SD Curves ,

EMG & NCV studies] Practical:

Various physiotherapeutic treatment techniques for the above mentioned conditions are to be demonstrated followed by practice by the students, accompanied by clinical training in the said area. Books Recommended:

1. Key issue in Neurological physiotherapy by Ada/Canning 2. Elements of paediatric physiotherapy by Eckersly 3. Steps to follow – Davies 4. Patrica A Downie, Cash’s Textbook of Neurology for physiotherapists, JP Bros,

Medical publishers, Bangalore, Ist Indian Ed 1993 Rs. 250/- 05. COMMUNITY BASED REHABILITION

1. Introduction to Community Based Rehabilitation [CBR] 2. Definitions of Impairment, Disability, Rehabilitation. 3. Disability Surveys – Epidemiological aspects, screening for disabilities and

developmental disorders, disability evaluation. 4. Disability presentation and Rehabilitation services 5. Present Rehabilitation services 6. Home exercise programme packets in various physiotherapy conditions, and

parental education programmes. 7. Paediatric disorders screening including mental retardation 8. Vocational evaluation and goals for the disabled. 9. Contribution of social worker to rehabilitation. 10. Rural rehabilitation in corporate with Primary Health Centers. 11. Extension services and mobile units. 12. Community awareness and participation in preventive aspects and demands on

physiotherapy services. 13. National District Level rehabilitation programme.

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Field Visits: [A report is to be submitted at the end of each field visit]

1. Visit to different National / Regional Rehabilitation Centers. 2. Visit to different Health Institutions.

Text Books Recommended 1. O Young, physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Secrets, JP Bros, Medical Publishers,

Bangalore, 1st Indian Ed 1997 Rs. 250/- 2. Amputations and prosthetics : A case study Approach JP Bros, Medical Publishers,

Bangalore, May 1st Indian Ed 1997 Rs. 250/- 3. Physical Diagnostic Secrets JP Bros, Medical Publishers, Bangalore, Mangione 1st Ed

1997, 1st Indian Ed 1998 Rs. 250/- 06. ALLIED THERAPEUTICS Course Description : This course enables the students to understand about basic principles of physical education and applications in health, physical fitness and scientific Yogasanas. Sports training , Mechanism of Sports injuries and their management in physiotherapy are also studied.

Section - I Physical fitness : Concept of Health and Physical Fitness Assessment Cardio – respiratory functions Assessment of Co – ordination, Speed, Accuracy of performance Reflected time. Principles of Diet and exercise prescription. Body dimensions and Measurement techniques. Training of Physical performance and Skills. Diet and Nutrition – Basic Principles. Stress and Day – to – day Stress Management. [lecturer demonstration in Alternate Medicine only] Alternate Medicine

1. Acupuncture : Definition, Principles, Techniques, Physiological effects, therapeutic effects, Indications, contraindication and dangers.

2. Introduction to Naturotherapy. 3. Magnetotherapy. 4. Yogasanas and their scientific studies.

Section – II

1. Sports Medicine a) Evaluation of Sports. b) Evaluation of Physical, Cardio – respiratory, Psycho-social and emotional aspects

of sports. 2. Sports and Sports Injuries

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a. Introduction. b. Frequency and site of injury. C. Aetiological Factors. d. Investigation in sports injury. e. Diagnosis and prognosis. 3. Sports Injuries Management a. Principles of sports injuries management and effects of fatigue on play 4. Pharmacology in Sports 5. Rehabilitation in Sports Text Books Recommended : 1. Modern Principles of Athletic Training by Corl, E. Klafs and Daniel D Arnheim. 2. Sports Injuries : Diagnosis and Management for Physiotherapist. 3. The Children Sports Injuries by David Kennedy. 4. Dynamics of Clinical Rehabilitative Exercise by Order. 5. Basic Athletic Training by Cramer. 6. Anatomy and physiology of Yogic Practice. - by MM Gone 7. Yoga Stretching and Relaxation for Sports Men - by Cpt. M Rajan. 8. Principles and History f Physical Education. - by M L Kamalesh and MS Sungral 9. Physical Education and Athletics - by Anthony A Annabino. 07. STATISTICS AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

1. Introduction to Biostatistics . 2. Measure of central value of Median, Mode, Mean. 3. Measure of Variability – Range , Semi inter – Quartile Range (S.I.Q.R.) standard

deviation. 4. Variance coefficient of variation. 5. Finding Percentile Norms Percentile bank by interpolation in commulative

distributions. 6. Covelation product moment coefficent of coverlliation difference corvelation. 7. Reliability and significance standard error of mean and its interpretation, reliability of

difference between means. 8. Testing Hypotheses, T & F Tests. 9. Computation of Chi squate from contingents table and its interpretation. 10. Introduction to research Methdology. 11. Role of Research in Physiotherapy 12. Principles of Conducting Research

A- Defining a Problem. B- Review of Literature. C- Formation of Hypothesis. D- Testing Hypothesis. E- Analysing & Reporting.

13. Concepts of Measurement. A- Types of data. B- Tabulator of data. C- Graphic representation of data. D- Measure of dispersion standard error and standard deviation. E- Sampling and sampling Technique.

14. Statistical tests, X2 Tests, Concept of Z, S.E. of proportion.

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