BASIC RADIATION TRAINING - Alabama Department of ...

BASIC RADIATION TRAININGEmergency Workers and Personnel & Equipment Monitors

2021

Alabama Department of Public Health • Office of Radiation Control • 334.290.6244 • alabamapublichealth.gov/radiation

Kevin Hicks, Director Emergency Planning & Environmental Monitoring • [email protected]

Michael Hallman, Radiation Physicist Senior • [email protected]

Tanner Jackson, Radiation Physicist • [email protected]

Basic Radiation TrainingEmergency Workers and Personnel & Equipment Monitors

Alabama Department of Public Health

Office of Radiation Control

PHYSICAL:

ADPH Training Center & Administrative Complex

208 Legends Court, Prattville, AL 36066

MAILING:

P. O. Box 303017, Montgomery, AL 36130-3017

T: 334.290.6244 F: 334.285.9342

www.alabamapublichealth.gov/radiation

Kevin Hicks, Director

Emergency Planning & Environmental Monitoring Branch

[email protected]

Michael Hallman, Radiation Physicist, Senior

[email protected]

24-hour ADPH ORC Duty Officer334.324.0076

Tanner Jackson, Radiation Physicist

[email protected]

1

Table of Contents• QR Codes/URLs for Videos 4

• Alabama’s Nuclear Power Plants 5

• Alabama Radiological Emergency Response Plan 6

• Emergency Classifications Levels 7

• Radiation 8

• Roentgen Equivalent Man (REM) 9

• Average Annual Radiation Exposure 10

• Radioactive Material in Alabama 11

• Two Types of Radiation 12

• Ionizing Radiation: Alpha, Beta, and Gamma 13

• ALARA 14

• Controlling Exposure 15

• Protection from Radiation – Time 16

• Protection from Radiation – Distance 17

• Protection from Radiation – Shielding 18

• Exposure, Contamination & Decontamination 19

• Radiation Pathways 20

• Avoid Radioactive Contamination 21

• Contaminated Injured 22

• Radiation and Our Five Senses 23

• KI (Potassium Iodide) 24

• Pocket Dosimeters 25

• Radiation Exposure 26

• Thermoluminescent Dosimeter 27

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), an agency of the Department of

Homeland Security (DHS), is required to interview a certain number of emergency workers,

personnel and equipment monitors to ensure that they are aware of their radiation dose

limits, equipment, and the basics of radiation. The training manual has the following

features:

•Table of contents for looking up the answers for exercises, evaluations, real-time

emergency situations

•Forms located in the back of the book that can be used for reception centers, personal

radiation exposure records, equipment setup, etc.

•Maps for the two nuclear power plants’ 10-mile Emergency Planning Zones (EPZ) and the

50-mile Ingestion Pathway Zones (IPZ).

•Glossary in the back of the book with radiation terms not routinely used.

Formatting for this guide is as follows:

1. Information on the PowerPoint slide

2. Information below the PowerPoint slide in the Notes section

3. Information discussed in the Basic Radiation Training course by the instructor

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Table of Contents• Placement of TLD & Pocket Dosimeter 28

• Total Effective Dose Equivalent (TEDE) 29

• Radiation Dosage Limits for EWs and PEMs 30

• Reminders for EWs and PEMs 31

• Emergency Worker Equipment 32

• Rad. Exposure Record/Equip. Distro. Log Zoom In 33

• Dosimeter Charging Guidance 34

• CDV-750 Dosimeter Charger 35

• End of EW (Assessment using website/QR Code) 36

• Radiological Survey Meters 37

• Ludlum 14C Features 38

• Radiation Contamination 39

• Ludlum 14C – What is the Meter Reading? 40-44

• Survey Meters – Monitoring for Contamination 45

• Ludlum 14C – Surveying the Thyroid Gland DISCONTINUED 46

• Radiation Dosage Limits for Personnel/Equipment 47

Monitors CONSOLIDATED WITH EMERGENCY WORKERS

• Thyroid Uptake Limits DISCONTINUED 48

• Reminders for PEMs 49

• Monitoring for Contamination Flow Chart 50

• Portal Monitors – Set Up 51

• Portal Monitors – Screening for Contamination 52

• Portal Monitor Setup Videos 53

• Vehicle Decontamination: Spot Checks 54

Everything you need to know about protecting yourself from radiation can be found in this manual. Therefore, please place this manual in a readily accessible location. For example, law enforcement might place it in a patrol car, or firemen might place a copy in each fire engine.

EWS = Emergency Worker Station (where you get your equipment)EWD = Emergency Worker DecontaminationCRC = Community Reception CenterMCF = Mass Care Facility (where people are sheltered after going through the CRC, a.k.a. “shelter”)***Potassium Iodide (KI) will be administered for Emergency Workers at each EWS and to the general public in affected areas at each CRC.***

Henry:EWS = Henry County EMA Parking LotEWD = Houston County Farm CenterCRC = Houston County Farm CenterMCF = Westgate Recreation Center

Houston:EWS = Houston County Farm CenterEWD = Houston County Farm CenterCRC = Houston County Farm CenterMCF = Westgate Recreation Center

Lauderdale:EWS = Lauderdale County High SchoolEWD = Lauderdale County High SchoolCRC = Brooks High SchoolMCF = Florence High School

Lawrence:EWS = Lawrence County EMAEWD = Moulton Recreation CenterCRC = Moulton Recreation CenterMCF = Moulton Church of Christ, Moulton Elementary School, Moulton Middle School

Limestone:EWS = Athens/Limestone County Rescue SquadEWD = all CRCsCRC = Ardmore High School, West Limestone High School, East Limestone High School, Elkmont High School MCF = all CRCs

Madison:EWS = N/AEWD = N/ACRC = Dr. Richard Showers Recreation Center ; Dublin Park Recreation Center, Madison ; UAH, Spragins Hall MCF = all CRCs that are activated.

Morgan:EWS = Morgan County EMA (however, some equipment is prepositioned)EWD = Priceville Jr. High SchoolCRC = Priceville Jr. High School, Hartselle Intermediate SchoolMCF = Priceville Jr. High School, Hartselle Sparkman Civic Center

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Table of Contents• Pet Monitoring, Decontamination, & Registration 54

• Safety Briefing 55

• Personnel Monitoring Equipment 56

• Ludlum 14C – Set up & Operation 57

• Ludlum 14-C Just-In-Time Website/QR Code (PDF & Video) 58

• Ludlum 26: Battery Installation, Operations, 59-63

Monitoring Technique, & Shutdown

• Ludlum 26-1: Battery Installation, Operations, 64-68

Monitoring Technique, & Shutdown

• Glossary 69-70

• Just in Time Videos 71

• Radiation Exposure Record 72

• Radiation Equipment Distribution Log 73

• Personnel Monitoring/Decontamination Record 74

• Vehicle Monitoring/Decontamination Record 75-76

• Donning & Doffing Procedures 77-78

• Just-In-Time Training: Ludlum 14C Survey Meter 79-80

• Just-In-Time Training: Direct Read Dosimeter 81-82

• Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant 10-mile EPZ Map 83

• Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant 50-mile IPZ Map 84

• Farley Nuclear Plant 10-mile EPZ Map 85

• Farley Nuclear Plant 50-mile IPZ Map 86

• Example EW/PEM Safety Briefing 87

• End of PEM (Assessment using website/QR Code) 88

QR codes/URLs for Videos

Video: 4 types of ionizing radiation: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, & Neutron

https://youtu.be/2fIylibGJYM

Video: Time, Distance and Shielding

https://youtu.be/2AcqRD5TTpc

Video: Radiological Basics

https://youtu.be/QiwFg60V5DE

Video: Biological Effects of Radiation

https://youtu.be/wMySBZ4GwCw

Video: Radiological Dosimetry

https://youtu.be/qKtKaLkW5fk

4

Nuclear Power Plants• Alabama: Two active

nuclear power plants– Browns Ferry

– Joseph M. Farley

• BFNP 10-mile EPZ– 4 risk counties

– 1 host county

• FNP 10-mile EPZ– 2 risk counties

• 50-mile IPZ

• Universal Training andEquipment

In Alabama, there are two nuclear power plants: Farley Nuclear Plant in Houston County near Dothan, Alabama, and Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant in Limestone County near Athens, Alabama.

Browns Ferry has four risk counties (counties within the 10-mile EPZ) and one host county for the overflow of the evacuees. The risk counties are Limestone, Morgan, Lawrence, and Lauderdale. The host county is Madison.

Farley has only two risk counties (Houston & Henry). Because of geographic ownership of the Chattahoochee River, we share responsibility with Georgia (via Early County).

We train all emergency workers and personnel & equipment monitors in the 10-mile EPZ. We also have a different training program for the ingestion pathway counties (50-mile IPZ).

Training, equipment, and documentation are all standardized across the entire state of Alabama. Therefore, trained personnel can easily assist with a radiological event at either nuclear power plant, if requested.

5

Radiological Emergency

Preparedness (REP) Plan• Plan for OFF-SITE

emergency response &recovery.

• Utility is responsible for ON-SITE emergency response &recovery.

• County plan is specific andidentifies responsibleorganizations.

• Hospital plan for radiologicalevents or incidents

• State plan for radiologicalevents or incidents withspecific ADPH ORC IncidentAnnex

NEW!

The Radiological Emergency Preparedness (REP) Incident Annex E of the State of Alabama Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) is the plan for dealing with radiological emergency response. The plan details the concept of radiological emergency planning and operation for off-site emergency response and recovery in the event of a radiological accident at a nuclear power plant. The plan is reviewed and updated annually.

During an evaluated exercise, FEMA/DHS evaluates us according to our plan. As long as we follow our plan and procedures, we can’t go wrong! The county EMAs take what is needed from the state plan and put it in their county plan. The county plan is tailored to a county’s needs. If you are a county emergency responder, then follow your county plan.

No one agency can handle a radiological emergency alone. We must build and rely on partnerships from the States, Counties, Utilities and Federal agencies.

Contract hospitals for Browns Ferry Off-Site Organization (ORO) Response:Decatur Morgan Hospital – Main CampusDecatur Morgan Hospital – Parkway CampusHuntsville HospitalContract EMS Services for Browns Ferry ORO Response:Greg’s Ambulance Service (Lawrence County EMS)Lifeguard Ambulance ServiceFirst Response Ambulance Service

Contract Hospitals for Farley ORO Response:Southeast Health Medical CenterFlowers HospitalContact EMS for Farley ORO Response:Pilcher’s Ambulance (Dothan Ambulance Service)

6

Emergency Classification Levels• General

Emergency (GE)

• Site Area

Emergency (SAE)

• Alert

• Notification of

Unusual Event

(NOUE)

BWR: Boiling Water Reactor

(Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant)

PWR: Pressurized Water Reactor

(Joseph M. Farley Nuclear Plant)

There are four Emergency Classification Levels (ECL) at all U.S. nuclear power plants. Nuclear power facilities use the ECLs as the method of communicating different types of incidents. Each ECL describes the specific actions that must be completed by both the licensee and the offsite emergency responders. Emergency classifications are declared for events that are occurring or have occurred affecting plant radiation safety or plant security. Each time an ECL is declared or changed, the State Emergency Operations Center (EOC) and/or the Utility (owner of plant) is required to make notifications to the responsible state agency: the Office of Radiation Control (ORC).

Notification of an Unusual Event – The least serious of the four classifications. Events in this class indicate:•Potential degradation of plant safety•Security threat to facility protection is initiated•No release of radioactive material unless plant conditions degrade

Alert – Events in this class indicate:•Potential or actual degradation in plant safety•Lives of onsite personnel may be threatened or site equipment may be damaged due to a hostile action*Prattville’s State Radiological Monitoring & Assessment Center (SRMAC) will stand up and monitor the situation closely. This includes watching radiation levels for the pressurized ionization chambers (PICs) installed around both nuclear plants.

Site Area Emergency – Events in this class indicate:•Actual or likely plant functions failure. Plant functions would be needed to protect the public’s health and safety •Hostile actions that result in an intentional damage to plant personnel or equipment used to protect the public•Malicious acts that could lead to failure of equipment used to protect the public or could prevent effective access to said equipment used to protect the public*If not already accomplished, Radiation Control will issue two health orders: Public Warning and Restricted Access (of the 2-mile radius of the plant) and will send out radiological field monitoring teams to survey the area. We have state-trained and county-trained radiological field monitoring teams.*If not already accomplished, Radiation Control will move forward to the Decatur SRMAC (beside Morgan County EMA) or the Dothan SRMAC (beside Dothan/Houston County EMA).

General Emergency – Events in this class indicate:• Actual or imminent significant core degradation or melting.•There is a potential for loss of containment integrity which may result in radioactive material to the atmosphere.• Hostile action that results in an actual loss of physical control of the facility*Based on the field measurements, wind speed, wind direction, and status of the plant, Radiation Control could issue evacuation health orders or other health orders that are applicable.

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RadiationRadiation is energy that travels in the form of waves or high-speed particles. It occurs naturally in sunlight and sound waves. Man-made radiation is used in X-rays, nuclear weapons, nuclear power plants, and cancer treatment.

gamma rays

gamma rays

Radiation is a process where energy travels from one point to another by waves or particles, like the waves on the surface of the ocean. Radiation comes in various forms. A good example is the sun. Radiation is used everyday to improve our quality of life, from medical treatments to warming leftovers.

Atoms are the basis for all matter, consisting of a nucleus made up of neutrons, protons, and electrons. Naturally, only certain combinations of protons and neutrons occur. Some are stable and some unstable. Stable nuclei have no excess energy, but unstable nuclei become stable by releasing energy. This releasing energy is commonly called radioactivity. Radiation takes the form of either non-ionizing radiation or ionizing radiation.

8

REM (Roentgen Equivalent in Man)

• A unit of radiation dose

equivalent used to measure the

amount of damage to human

tissue caused by all types of

ionizing radiation

The REM is the unit of dose equivalence and is the measure which accounts for the varying effects of different types of radiation on the human body. Two other units that are important in the scientific study of radiation are the ROENTGEN and RAD (radiation absorbed dose). But for our purposes, one roentgen equals one rad equals one rem.

Roentgen (R) is a unit of measurement for radiation exposure in air from x-rays or gamma rays.

RAD is an acronym for Radiation Absorbed Dose. It is a dose unit which is used to describe the amount of radiation absorbed by an object or person.

REM is an acronym for Roentgen Equivalent in Man. It is measurement of the effect of all types of radiation on the human body.

9

Average Annual Radiation

Exposure

• ~620 mR/yr– ~310 mR from

natural radiation

– ~310 mR from

man-made

radiation

– <1 mR from

nuclear power

generation

Virtually everything emits radiation. Radiation is a natural part of our environment. Radiation is in the air we breathe, the food we eat, the soil, our homes, sunshine, and even our bodies. Radiation is also present in consumer products such as tobacco products, smoke detectors, lantern mantels, and building supplies. The radiation naturally occurring or existing in our environment is called background radiation. The amount of background radiation varies from one location to another. People may also be exposed to radiation through medical procedures (diagnostic & therapy) and dental x-rays.

The health effects of radiation exposure to people are measured in units called millirem. A millirem is 1/1000th of a rem. On average, Americans receive a radiation dose of about 620 millirem each year. Half of this dose comes form natural background radiation. Most of this background exposure comes from radon in the air, with smaller amounts from cosmic rays and the Earth itself. The other half (310 millirem) comes from man-made sources of radiation which includes medical, commercial and industrial sources. In general, a yearly dose of 620 millirem from all radiation sources has not been shown to cause humans any harm. Less than 1 millirem comes from nuclear power generation.

• Protective Action Guide for Nuclear = 1,000 milliremPower Plants Evacuations

• Chest X-ray (posterior/anterior) = 10 millirem• Panoramix Dental X-ray = 1 millirem• Abdominal X-ray = 7 millirem• CT of Abdomen = 800 millirem• PET Scan for Cancer Staging = 1,410 millirem• Cardiac Stress Test with Thallium-201 = 4,070 millirem• PET CT = 4,500 millirem

10

Radioactive Material in Alabama• Nuclear Power Plants

• Medical Uses

• Industrial Uses

• Research

• Naturally OccurringRadioactive Material(NORM)

• Waste Isolation PilotPlant (WIPP)

In Alabama, we have two nuclear power plants and approximately 400 licensees that are authorized to use radioactive material. The types of licensed uses include medical, industrial and research. We also have naturally occurring radioactive material or (NORM) in the state. In addition, the Department of Energy (DOE) has shipments of low level waste as part of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) that come down I-59 and I-20.

Nuclear Power Plants: Browns Ferry and Joseph M. FarleyMedical Uses: Medical uses include hospitals, cancer centers, cardiology clinics and nuclear pharmacies. Industrial Uses: Industrial radiography companies in Alabama use radioactive material to x-ray welds at temporary job sites including paper mills, chemical plants, shipyards, oil and gas pipelines, etc. Well logging companies use radioactive material to help study geological formations. Moisture density gauges are commonly used by highway construction crews at job sites to help determine moisture content and compaction of the soil. Research: Most of the universities in Alabama have radioactive material licenses for research purposes. NORM: Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material. In South Alabama around Citronelle or Gilbertown, you will find elevated levels of NORM due to the scale that has accumulated on the gas wells’ piping and in the tanks. If it is greater than 50 microR/hr at the surface, we require them to dispose of it through a radioactive waste broker. We have also seen piping from paper mills that had elevated radiation levels caused by kaolin clay used in the process. Kaolin is a white clay found primarily in Alabama and Georgia containing elevated levels of uranium and thorium decay series. In the paper process, it is used to produce high gloss for magazines and beer packaging. Up in Muscle Shoals, there is a giant slag pile with elevated radiation levels that exceed 100 microR/hr due to the byproducts created as part of the National Fertilizer Company in the 1970’s. This is under exclusive federal jurisdiction as part of TVA.WIPP: The WIPP program started in 1999 and its purpose is to secure national defense related transuranic waste below ground in the remote desert of New Mexico. Shipments come through Alabama from Oak Ridge National Lab and Savannah River National Lab. We are notified of these shipments and have computer access to track these shipments via GPS while they travel through Alabama. Transuranic waste is man-made isotopes that are heavier than uranium.

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Two Types of Radiation

• NON-IONIZING: Radio and TV Waves, Infra-Red,

Microwaves, UV-A & UV-B rays

• IONIZING: Alpha & Beta Particles, Gamma Rays, X-rays,

UV-C rays

There are two types of radiation: non-ionizing and ionizing.

Non-ionizing radiation has enough energy to cause electrons within atoms to move and vibrate but not enough to remove them from the atom itself. For example, microwave ovens use microwaves to force the electrons in food to move around, thus producing heat and heating the food. However, these electrons do not break away from the atoms of the food. We also come in contact with many types of non-ionizing radiation daily, such as the sun that delivers light and heat. Other examples of non-ionizing radiation include visible light and radar waves.

Ionizing radiation comes in two forms: particulate and waves/rays. Ionizing radiation is more energetic than non-ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation has enough energy to remove electrons from atoms, thus forming ions. When ionizing radiation passes through material, it deposits enough energy to break molecular bonds and displace (or remove) electrons from atoms, thus creating ions. Ions are electrically charged particles which may cause changes in living cells of plants, animals, and people. These types of radiation are associated with nuclear power plant generation. In nuclear power generation, fission (splitting an atom’s nucleus) takes place which results in radiation being produced by splitting an atom’s nucleus and may be emitted in three forms: alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays.

12

Ionizing Radiation

Alpha particles

Beta particles

Alpha particle – A positively charged particle emitted from the nucleus of an atom. Alpha particles are charged particles, which are emitted from naturally occurring materials (such as uranium, thorium, and radium) and man-made elements (such as plutonium and americium). Alpha emitters are primarily used (in very small amounts) in items such as smoke detectors.

In general, alpha particles have a very limited ability to penetrate other materials. In other words, these particles of ionizing radiation can be blocked by a sheet of paper, skin, or even a few inches of air. As a result, alpha particles do not usually make anything radioactive. Nonetheless, materials that emit alpha particles are potentially dangerous if they are inhaled or ingested, but external exposure generally does not pose a danger.

Beta particle – A negatively charged particle emitted from the nucleus of an atom.

In general, beta particles are lighter than alpha particles, and they generally have a greater ability to penetrate other materials. As a result, these particles can travel a few feet in the air, and can penetrate skin. Nonetheless, they can be stopped by several sheets of paper, a thick book, or even a sheet of aluminum or plastic. Beta particles are both an internal and external hazard which can damage the skin and cause second-degree burns and eye damage. Elements with beta emitters can be used for medical purposes, such as treating eye disease.

Gamma ray – A photon originating from the nucleus of an atom. Gamma rays and x-rays consist of high-energy waves that can travel great distances at the speed of light and generally have a great ability to penetrate other materials. For that reason, gamma rays (such as cobalt-60) are often used in medical applications to treat cancer and sterilize medical instruments. Similarly, x-rays are typically used to provide static images of body parts (such as teeth and bones), and are also used in industry to find defects in welds. X-rays and gamma rays have great penetrating power and can easily pass through the human body.

Thick, dense shielding, such as lead, is necessary to protect against gamma rays. The higher the energy of the gamma ray, the thicker the lead must be. X-rays pose a similar challenge, so x-ray technicians often give patients receiving medical or dental X-rays a lead apron to cover other parts of their body. Gamma rays are external and internal hazards.

Gamma rays are an external and internal hazardous.

13

The ALARA philosophy is the foundation for all exposure (dose) limits. ALARA is based on the assumption that radiation exposure of any amount is a potential hazard. ALARA means making every reasonable effort to maintain exposures to ionizing radiation as far below the dose limits as practical, thus As Low As Reasonably Achievable.

Do not spend more time than necessary near a radiation source. Stay as far away from a radiation source as you can. Place material between you and the source of radiation.

Use a common sense approach when dealing with radiation!

14

Controlling Exposure

We cannot eliminate radiation from our environment. But we can, however, reduce our risk by controlling our exposure to it. Radiation is very easily detected. There are several simple, sensitive instruments capable of detecting minute amounts of radiation from natural and man-made sources. There are three ways in which people can protect themselves from ionizing radiation:

1.Time2.Distance3.Shielding

15

Protection from Radiation: TimeShorten time while Shorten time while Shorten time while Shorten time while

being close to being close to being close to being close to

radioactive materialsradioactive materialsradioactive materialsradioactive materialsLess time with

ionizing

radiation

=

Less radiation

exposure

For people who are exposed to radiation, in addition to natural background radiation through their work, the dose is reduced and the risk of illness essentially eliminated by limiting exposure time.

If you decrease the amount of time you spend near the source of radiation, you will decrease the amount of radiation exposure you receive. To imagine this, think of a trip to the beach as a comparison. For instance, if you spend a lot of time on the beach, you will be exposed to the sun, and, ultimately, get a sunburn. If you spend less time in the sun and more time in the shade, your sunburn will be much less severe. This is a comparison of how radiation exposure works.

The less time you spend in a radiation area, the less dose you will receive. Emergency workers will be assigned to work in a radiation area only for the amount of time required to accomplish their particular task.

For example, if you were working in an area where the exposure rate was 50mR/hr and you stayed there for one (1) hour, you would receive a dose of 50 millirem. But if you remained there for only a half an hour (30 minutes), you would receive half the dose or 25 millirem.

16

Protection from Radiation: Distance

Greater the

distance from

ionizing

radiation

=

Less radiation

exposure

Keep awayKeep awayKeep awayKeep away

The farther away you are from a source of ionizing radiation, the less dose you will receive. In the same way that heat from a fire is less the farther away you are, the intensity of radiation decreases farther from its source.

Because of the inverse square law (1/d2), each time you double your distance from a point source of radiation, you will receive one-fourth (1/4) of the dose. If you triple the distance from a point source of radiation, you will only receive one-ninth (1/9) of the dose.

Example: If your exposure rate at a distance of one (1) foot from a point source of radiation is 100 mR/hr, then if the distance is doubled to two (2) feet away, then the exposure rate will now only be 25 mR/hr.

Example: The farther away you are from a radiation source, the less dose you will receive. Compare this to an outdoor concert. You can sit directly in front of a speaker, 50 yards from the stage, or on the grass in the park across the street. If you sit in front of the speaker, you will probably suffer some damage to your hearing. If you sit 50 yards from the stage, you will be exposed to an average amount of music. If you sit in the park across the street, the noise is even further reduced and you might not even hear the concert, or even know what song they are playing.

17

Protection from Radiation: Shielding

Thicker/Denser

Material

=

Less radiation

exposure

Place something Place something Place something Place something

heavy in betweenheavy in betweenheavy in betweenheavy in between

The use of shielding, such as lead, steel, concrete, or earth, between you and a source of radiation will also reduce your exposure. The amount of reduction depends on the type and thickness of the shielding material. Barriers of lead, concrete, or water give good protection from penetrating radiation such as gamma rays. Radioactive materials are therefore often stored or handled underwater, or by remote control in rooms constructed of thick concrete or lined with lead.

If you increase the shielding around a radiation source, it will decrease your exposure. For example, if you stand out in the rain without an umbrella, you will get wet. But, if you use an umbrella to shield you from the rain, you will remain dry and protected. This is similar to the idea of shielding in radiation protection.

So when possible, emergency workers in radiation areas should take advantage of shielding (standing behind buildings, cars, or some other means of shelter) to reduce their exposure. Keep something substantial between you and a point source of radiation. In the event of a radioactive plume, sheltering while the plume passes may be helpful.

18

Exposure, Contamination &

Decontamination• Radiation is a type

of energy

• Contamination ismaterial

• Radioactivecontaminationemits radiation

• Exposure toradiation will notcontaminate you

Radiation exposure is energy that passes through and may do damage but does not contaminate. So when a person is exposed to radiation it does not necessarily mean that the person is contaminated. In order to become contaminated, a person has to be physically in contact with the radioactive material. When radioactive material is where it is not wanted (e.g., on the ground, in water, or on you), we refer to it as “contamination”. Contamination is measured in counts per minute (cpm) and disintegrations per minute (dpm).

If someone is contaminated (externally), most of the material could be easily removed from the body by removing the clothing and washing with a mild soap and shampoo.

Example: We all go to the dentist and periodically receive an x-ray of our dental work. The energy of the x-ray travels through our tissue and teeth which develops the film to be read by the dentist. The x-ray passed through our teeth but did not physically touch our body in any way. Note: X-rays, CT scans, fluoroscopy, any machine producing radiation does not contaminate the patient.

If a radiological incident or accident occurs at a nuclear power plant in Alabama, the risk counties have procedures in place to open reception centers in order to monitor evacuees and emergency workers for radiation contamination and if needed, decontaminate. At reception centers, the evacuees and/or emergency workers can be decontaminated by gender, which typically takes place at school gymnasiums, recreation centers, or decontamination tents.

19

Radiation Pathways

• Inhalation

• Ingestion

• Absorption

• Injection

External hazards of radiation dose are beta particles and gamma rays. Beta particles can cause burns to the skin. Gamma rays are very energetic and can penetrate through internal organs.

Internal hazards of radiation dose are alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, and neutron particles. Once inside the body, they all become very harmful internal hazards. Radiological materials may enter the body by ingestion, by inhalation, by absorption through the skin, or by injection through a cut or break in the skin, such as a wound.• Inhalation – a major route of entry; either exhaled or deposited in the respiratory tract. If

deposited, damage can occur through direct contact with tissue or may diffuse into the bloodthrough the lung-blood interface. Substances absorbed into the blood are circulated anddistributed to organs that have an affinity for that radioactive element. Health effects can thenoccur in the organs.

• Ingestion –inadvertently gets into the mouth and is swallowed; can be absorbed through thelining of the gastrointestinal tract and then transported by the blood to internal organs.

• DIRECT: in the plume drinking contaminated water• INDIRECT: eating meat from cattle that have fed on contaminated grass

• Injection: Substances may enter the body if• Absorption – Skin (dermal) contact is the method of absorption into the body; can also cross the

skin barrier and be absorbed into the blood system, producing systemic damage to internalorgans; eyes are particularly sensitive to absorption.

• Injection – Substances may enter the body if the skin is penetrated or punctured bycontaminated objects. Effects can then occur as the substance is circulated in the blood anddeposited in the target organs. Open wounds can also be a sources for injection.

Examples:inhalation of airborne contaminants such as radoningestion of contaminated food or liquidsabsorption of vapors such as tritium oxide through the skininjection of medical radioisotopes such as technetium-99m

20

Avoid

Radioactive Contamination

Do not: • Eat

• Drink

• Smoke

• Chew/Dip

• Lip balm

• Make-Up

Use PPE while on the scene of an incident involving radioactive material.

Contamination occurs when an individual comes in contact with radioactive material. This may be external, internal, or a combination of the two.

When people walk through, touch, or have radioactive material spill or fall upon them, they are externally contaminated. The contamination causes exposure because the radioactive material is deposited on the person’s body and/or clothing. Removing the clothing and showering with a mild soap will probably remove the external contamination. In stubborn cases, a second shower may be required.

A trained person with a survey instrument will be able to detect contamination on an individual and will be able to decontaminate them externally.

21

Contaminated Injured

Saving lives

Decontamination Protocols

A contaminated individual may have also sustained a physical injury. In all cases, the treatment of an injury takes priority over decontamination.

Contamination is nothing more than a nuisance. Injuries come first, and decontamination comes second.

22

Radiation & Our Five Senses

• We are aware of

our environment

through our five

senses.

• You must rely on

instruments to

detect the presence

of radiation.

Ionizing radiation cannot be detected by our five (5) senses. We cannot feel, taste, smell, see, or hear radiation. The safety of emergency responders is the most important consideration when responding to a radiological incident. Safety is accomplished by the use of radiological instruments which help the first responder detect, measure, and document the amount of radiation in a radiological response. Therefore, we must use radiation detection instruments such as pocket dosimeters and other equipment to know if, when,and how much radiation is present.

You must learn to read the instruments properly because the instruments will let you know if radiation is present. You have to rely on them.

23

KI (Potassium Iodide)• Thyroid Blocking Agent

• Fills the thyroid gland with non-radioactive iodine

• Helps radioactive iodine frombeing absorbed into the thyroid

• Adult dosage: 130 mg/day– Effective for 24 hours

• Distributed at the EmergencyWorker Station & theCommunity Reception Centerby an ADPH nurse who is KI-trained

In a radiation emergency at a nuclear power plant, radioactive iodine in the form of I-131 may be released into the air. Potassium Iodide can help prevent radioactive iodine from being absorbed into your thyroid.

All radioactive material targets different parts of our bodies. Some are organ seekers, bone seekers, blood seekers, etc.. Radioactive iodine is a thyroid seeker. Our thyroid gland works like a sponge. We’re going to fill the thyroid gland up with nonradioactive iodine in the form of KI (Potassium Iodide). So if radioactive iodine happens to be breathed in, the thyroid gland is already full and would not accept much more, if any. So the radioactive iodine would be excreted from your body with minimal damage.

When there is a need for Potassium Iodide, KI will be made available to you. Potassium Iodide is stockpiled at the county health departments (Houston, Henry, Morgan, Lawrence, Lauderdale, and Limestone) in the possession of the county health nurse. If you are told to take KI, take 1 dose for every 24 hours (Daily dose = (1) 130 mg tablet or (2) 65 mg tablets) you are exposed to radioactive iodine. Do not take more often and do not take this drug if you know you are allergic to iodine.

24

Pocket Dosimeters

• Look through thedosimeter toward alight source

Roentgens0 5 10 15 20

Roentgens

0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

Milliroentgens0 50 100 150 200

The Direct-Read Dosimeters (DRD) are designed to measure gamma radiation and x-rays. The DRD is a pencil-shaped tube with an eyepiece at the clip end and an ion-chamber equipped with a charging pin at the opposite end. Dosimeters are fairly accurate, rugged, and can be read directly by the user. Direct-Read Dosimeters give the advantage of immediately knowing the amount of gamma radiation that the wearer has been exposed to. DRDs are not expensive and are fairly easy to use.

The pocket dosimeter is read by pointing it toward a good source of light and viewing the scale and hairline through the lens at the clip end of the dosimeter. When reading pocket dosimeters, always keep the scale in the horizontal position to ensure an accurate reading.

If the dosimeter is exposed to radiation, the hairline will move along the scale to indicate the amount of exposure.

While performing the tasks of an emergency worker, read your dosimeter at least every 30

minutes. Record the beginning and ending dosimeter readings on the Radiation Exposure Record. The difference between the beginning and the ending is your exposure.

25

Radiation Exposure

• Dosimeter = Odometer

– It doesn’t go back downonce it goes up.

• Can be used byanyone elseafter it is zeroed.

• AccumulatedExposure

Emergency workers measure their radiation exposure with a pocket dosimeter/direct-readdosimeter (DRD). Pocket dosimeters are a piece of equipment which can be read immediately by the wearer. Radiation exposure is measured in Roentgen (R) and Milliroentgen (mR). The pocket dosimeter will let you read how much dose you have received.

Pocket dosimeters are similar to odometers. The accumulated exposure recorded on a dosimeter can be compared to the accumulated distance on an odometer.

All emergency workers working in a radiation field will be issued two (2) pocket dosimeters. One (1) low-range dosimeter reading in 0-200 mR and one (1) high-range dosimeter reading in either 0-20 R or 0-5 R.

If your DRD is dropped (consider it contaminated) and the needle is no longer visible, then use the reporting levels from your team member. The use of another team member’s DRD reading is considered Group Dosimetry.

26

Thermoluminescent Dosimeter

• Records radiationdose forlegal/permanentexposure records

• Can not be used byanyone else onceissued

• Results notimmediatelyavailable

Wearer Number

The thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) is a laminated wallet-sized card which provides a permanent record of the wearer’s dose. TLDs are extremely accurate and will give the exact amount of exposure. The TLD card serves as your legal/permanent record to radiation.

TLD cards are so precise, they will give the exact amount of dose from radiation. TLDs contain two (2) lithium fluoride chips which absorb and store the energy received from exposure to radiation. Unlike the pocket dosimeters, TLD cards cannot be read directly by the user. When you complete your emergency worker duties, you will turn the TLD card in, your TLD will be sent off to be read, and you will be notified of your dose.

Remember: the thermoluminescent dosimeter serves as your legal/permanent record.

27

Placement of the

TLD & Pocket DosimeterTLD Pencil/Pocket

TLDs and pocket dosimeters should be placed between the shoulder and the waist (preferably on the chest area).

Since TLDs cannot be read by the wearer, TLDs should be placed on street clothes or under protective clothing.

Pocket dosimeters need to be placed on the outside of the clothing whether it’s street clothing or protective clothing so they can easily be accessible when reading and reporting at predetermined time intervals (i.e. at least every 30 minutes).

28

TEDE

(Total Effective Dose Equivalent)

• Total Dose = External + Internal

• External = Pocket Dosimeter Reading

• External = Internal

• Therefore…

• TEDE = 2 x Pocket Dosimeter Reading

In Alabama, the administrative limit is stated in terms of the external dose, which is measured by a pocket dosimeter. To account for the internal dose, which cannot be measured prior to or during a mission, the internal dose is assumed to be equal to the external dose. The two doses (internal & external) added together is the Total Dose or TEDE. In Alabama, twice (2x) the pocket dosimeter reading is recorded as a person’s TEDE.

29

Radiation Dosage Limits for Emergency Workers

and Personnel & Equipment Monitors

Although emergency workers are not expected to be exposed to significant levels of radiation, the dosimeter reading values are shown in the right hand column. The administrative limit for emergency workers in Alabama is set at one-half of the EPA-recommended limits. This table shows the dosimeter readings that will most likely keep the TEDE (Total Dose) from exceeding the EPA limit. Do not exceed the limits in the right hand column, and you will not exceed your TEDE (Total Dose).

The green wallet size card is for Emergency Workers (EWs) and Personnel & Equipment Monitors (PEMs). The 6 radiation dose limits apply to all EWs and PEMS.

EWs and PEMs are instructed to seek relief at 100 mR on their dosimeter. Do not wait until the dosimeter is on 100 mR before you request relief. Remember, you are recording your dosimeters at least every 30 minutes. Call to request relief when your dosimeter approaches 100 mR; this gives your replacement ample time to travel to your destination to relieve you. ▪ Remember 100 mR on dosimeter (external) + 100 millirem (internal) = 200 mrem TEDE.▪ Which dosimeter would you be reading? Answer: Low-range (black or silver)

EWs and PEMs are allowed to receive 1 rem per day TEDE; your dosimeter would be reading 500 mR.▪ 500 mR on dosimeter (external) + 500 millirem (internal) = 1000 mrem = 1 rem TEDE.▪ Which dosimeter would you be reading? High-range (yellow)

EWs and PEMs are allowed to receive 5 rem maximum per accident TEDE; your dosimeter would be reading 2.5 R. ▪ 2.5 R on dosimeter (external) + 2.5 rem (internal) = 5 rem TEDE.▪ Which dosimeter would you be reading? High Range (yellow)

The Annual Occupational Limit (AOL) for individuals who work in the radiation area are allowed to receive 5 rem per/year TEDE.

Additional radiation dosage limits for EWs and PEMs: one could receive up to 25 rem TEDE for life saving situations. At that point your dosimeter should be reading 12.5 R. 12.5 R on dosimeter (external) + 12.5 rem (internal) = 25 rem TEDE.

30

Reminders for Emergency Workers

and Personnel & Equipment Monitors

The back of the green wallet size card shows key reminders for both EWs and PEMs as well

as key reminders for just PEMs.

Remember – You can carry/have the green wallet-sized card at all times. This green card lists all your limits and keynotes since you may not have access to the manual.

31

Emergency Worker Equipment

1. KI tableta. When do you take the KI? (when your county EMA has instructed you to)b. How often and how many should you take? (one (1) 130 mg tablet or two (2)

65 mg tablets every 24 hours as needed)c. Who should not take KI? (a person who has a known medical history to iodine )

2. Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD Card)a. Can you read a TLD card? (No)b. What does the TLD card serve as? (Your legal permanent record)

3. Two Pocket Dosimeters. One low-range and one high-range.a. By color, which is the high range? (Yellow)b. What units are used by the high range dosimeter? (0-20 Roentgen) or (0-5

Roentgen)c. How often would you check and record your dosimeters? (at least every 30

minutes; Read 15 minutes in > 1 mR/hr field or every 30 minutes < 1 mR/hrfield)

d. What is your seek relief limit measurement on your dosimeter? (100milliroentgen)

e. Which dosimeter would you be reading to begin with? (Black or Silver - Lowrange, 0-200 milliroentgen)

4. Record your pocket dosimeter readings on the Radiation Exposure Record.

32





Reload dosimeter onto charger if:

1. Filament won’t move/appear

2. Filament “floats” (keeps on moving

while on the charger

Get a new dosimeter (or charger) if

above cannot be resolved

Get a new dosimeter if

1. The filament still moves when off of the

charger



34

CDV-750 Dosimeter Charger

Clamp Trigger

Discharge

Button

G en erato r L ever

Clamp

The dosimeter charger is used to charge or zero the pocket dosimeters with different lengths and ranges. The charger provides 200 volts to the direct-read dosimeter that moves the hairline down to zero.

Instructions on using the CDV-750 dosimeter charger:1. Adjust the clamp to fit the length of the dosimeter.2. Pull the clamp trigger back and insert the dosimeter with the clip toward the back. The

dosimeter must have a snug fit. Make sure the scale of the dosimeter is horizontal.3. Look to see if there is a hairline. If there is a hairline, pump the black generator lever to

“charge” or zero the dosimeter. If you don’t have a hairline, then give the generatorlever a few slow pumps, and the hairline will appear on the right hand side. Continuepumping the generator lever until the hairline is on zero.

4. If the hairline falls below zero, press the black discharge button to bring the hairlineback to zero.

5. To remove the dosimeter from the charger, squeeze the clamp trigger and lift thedosimeter above the end of the clamp, pulling it straight back to disengage it from thecharging contact.

6. Once removed from the charger, read the dosimeter to ensure that the hairline hasremained on the zero reading. It may be necessary to re-zero the dosimeter.

35

EWs ONLY:1. KEEP book2. KEEP green cardEVERYONE:1. Turn in TLD2. Turn in dosimeters3. Turn in chargers4. Pass EW assessment with

80% or greater for credit(2 attempts)

EVERYONE TAKE THIS NOW!!!!!!!

https://bit.ly/ADPHORCEW

36

Radiological Survey Meter(s)Ludlum 14C

The Ludlum 14C survey meters are highly sensitive broad range radiation detectors.

The Ludlum 14Cs may have two probes. The “pancake” probe (Ludlum 44-9) is used to survey for radiation contamination. The HP “hotdog” probe (Ludlum 44-38) is used to measure radiation exposure rate. The broad range of the Ludlum 14C is 0 – 6,600,000 cpm or 0 – 2,000 mR/hr.

The Ludlum 14C can detect radiation contamination and discriminate between beta and gamma radiation. When using the pancake probe, face the window toward the equipment/personnel being surveyed, thus the Ludlum 14C will detect both beta and gamma radiation. By flipping the probe over and facing the window away from the equipment/personnel being surveyed, the Ludlum 14C will detect gamma radiation only.

When using the hotdog probe with the shield open, the Ludlum 14C will detect beta and gamma radiation. By closing the shield, the Ludlum 14C will detect gamma radiation only.

37

Ludlum 14C

Response

Audio

Reset

Battery Check

Scale

Probe

Connector

Multiplier Switch

Battery

Compartment

Pancake Probe

CPM

Parts of the Ludlum 14C:1. Response Switch – Turn to the “F” position for a fast response.2. Audio Switch – Turn to the “ON” position to hear the clicks.3. Reset Button – Press this button when you change the multiplier switch for the meter

to read a different scale.4. Battery Check Button – Press this button to ensure batteries are good. The hairline will

peg to the “BAT Test” or “BAT OK” area on the scale.5. Scale – Use the top scale when monitoring for contamination (CPM). Use the middle

scale when measuring dose rate when the meter is set on the X0.1, X1, and X10. Anduse the bottom scale when measuring dose rate when the meter is set on the X100 andX1,000.

6. Probe connector – Connect cable to probe connector and the probe.7. Multiplier Switch – A 6-position switch marked OFF, x1000, x100, x10, x1, x0.1. Always

set switch at X0.1 to check background and to monitor for contamination.8. Battery compartment – Two “D” size batteries.

38

Radiation Contamination

• Survey Meter = Speedometer– It can go up and down.

– Look for a sustained reading.

Only Use Top Scale (Counts per minute a. k. a. CPM)

0-6,600 CPM

Pancake Probe

A contamination reading from a survey meter can be compared to the rate of speed registered on an automobile speedometer. A speedometer tells us our rate of speed in miles per hour.

We can use a survey meter to determine if radioactive contamination is present. Radioactive contamination is measured in COUNTS PER MINUTE (CPM) and can be measured with a survey meter such as a Ludlum 14C (top scale).

The face plate of the Ludlum 14C has three (3) scales and a hairline. The top scale is used when monitoring for contamination. The middle scale is used for measuring exposure rate. The bottom scale is also used for measuring exposure rate but only when the multiplier switch is in the X100 or X1,000 position.

Contamination is always measured in CPM (Counts Per Minute). Use the pancake probe (44-9) for contamination survey. Always start on the lowest scale of X0.1.

NOTE: With the dial set on the X0.1 (lowest), the CPM scale is reading 0-600 CPM.

Dial set on X1, the CPM scale reads 0-6,000 CPM.Dial set on X10, the CPM scale reads 0-60,000 CPM.Dial set on X100, the CPM scale reads 0-600,000 CPM.Dial set on X1000, the CPM scale reads 0-6,000,000 CPM.

39

Ludlum 14C

What is the Meter Reading?

240

CPM

Ludlum 14C


40

CPM

40

Ludlum 14C


66,000

CPM

Ludlum 14C


3,700

CPM

41

Ludlum 14C

What is the Meter Reading?OFF-SCALE:

Need to change

“Multiplier

Switch” to x1.

Check cable

and batteries

“RESET”

button.

Ludlum 14C


260,000

CPM

42

Ludlum 14C


25,000

CPM

Ludlum 14C


5,200

CPM

43

Ludlum 14C


70,000

CPM

Ludlum 14C


140

CPM

44

Survey Meters:

Monitoring for Contamination• Ludlum 14C

– Use 44-9 “Pancake” Probe

– Open windows

• Hold probe 1 inch away

• Start at the head

– Move probe 1-2 inches per second

• Always monitor “top-side”

– Avoid having the meter face upward to

prevent contamination from falling onto

probe

• Remember soles of feet

• Survey thyroid gland

– Closed window

• Contamination◦ 2 X background

Monitoring for contamination using a Ludlum 14C:

1. Using the pancake probe, face the window toward the equipment/personnel.2. Start at the top of the head.3. Hold pancake probe 1 inch away.4. Move at a rate of 1-2 inches per second.5. Pay close attention to the hair and soles of the shoes.6. When contamination is detected, record on a personnel/monitoring record where the

contamination was found.7. Survey thyroid gland with the probe closed window. NO LONGER PERFORMED

NOTE: If the hairline reaches the max amount, step away from the person, switch the dial to the next position, push the reset button then continue monitoring. Repeat steps if needed. Once contamination is no longer present in that area and has been recorded on the personnel/monitoring record, remember to turn the scale back to the lowest scale and continue the survey.

Typical background radiation using a Ludlum 14C is 50 cpm. Twice background radiation warrants decontamination.

45

Ludlum 14C

Surveying the Thyroid Gland

• Probe closed window

• Place probe

–1 inch away

–Adams Apple

• Multiply count rate by .04

• Thyroid uptake limit (5 rem)

Backside of pancake

probe 1 inch away

from Adams Apple

NO LONGER PERFORMED

Monitoring the thyroid:1. Place the back of the pancake probe (window face away from the personnel or metal

side facing the personnel) 1 inch away from the Adam’s apple.2. Multiply the meter reading by .04 to determine the thyroid uptake in rem.3. Thyroid uptake limit is 5 rem.

If the thyroid uptake is ≥5 rem, then additional internal monitoring should be conducted by the appropriate medical department.

46

Radiation Dosage Limits for

Personnel & Equipment Monitors

SAME AS GREEN CARD

Although personnel & equipment monitors are not expected to be exposed to significant levels of radiation, dosimeter reading values are shown in the right hand column.

These are the same limits as the emergency workers (Green Card).

47

Thyroid Uptake Limits

MOVED TO GREEN CARD

The back side of the Personnel & Equipment Monitors “yellow card” is different.

Listed at the top are key reminders that a personnel & equipment monitor needs to remember when dealing with radiation.

Listed at the bottom are instructions on determining the uptake of radioactive iodine in rem. A check of the thyroid gland can be made by holding the probe (shield closed) in a horizontal position just below the Adam’s apple. And using the Ludlum 14C, the count rate in excess of background and surface contamination multiplied by .04 is assumed to be due to thyroid uptake. The thyroid uptake limit is 5 rem.

48

Reminders for Personnel & Equipment

Monitors

The back of the green wallet size card shows key reminders for both EWs and PEMs as well

as key reminders for just PEMs.

Remember – You can carry/have the green wallet-sized card at all times. This green card lists all your limits and keynotes since you may not have access to the manual.

49

Monitoring for Contamination Flow Chart

SURVEY ALL EVACUEES FROM CONTAMINATED AREAS

Contamination = 2 X BkgdLudlum 14 Bkgd around 50 CPM

> Bkgd&

< 2 X Bkgd

Recommend Shower &

Change Clothes

> 2 X Bkgd

Required Shower &

Change Clothes

Resurvey > 2 X Bkgd NO

YES

Detailed Shower & Change of Clothes

Go to Registration

Resurvey > 2 X Bkgd YES

Contact Office of Radiation Control

1. If survey readings are greater than (>) background radiation but less than (<) twicebackground radiation , a shower and change of clothes is recommended.

2. If survey readings are greater than twice background radiation (2x), a shower andchange of clothes is required. Contamination can be localized therefore requiredactions maybe limited to washing hands, removal of shoes, etc. for decontamination.

3. After a shower and change of clothes, a survey reading of twice (2x) background willrequire a detailed decontamination.

4. Conduct another survey of individual and if greater than (>) background radiation thencontact the Office of Radiation Control

50

Portal Monitors• Used to screen large

populations for radioactive

contamination

Portal monitors look similar to metal detectors in court houses and are used in the Radiological Emergency Preparedness (REP) program counties to quickly screen large populations for contamination. Portal monitors can be used to screen personnel and vehicles for radiation contamination.

• Establish a boundary line at least ten (10) feet for people and vehicles. Verify contamination does not exist on shoes using a hand-held instrument; if contamination is found, then bag and label.

o Document survey for people on appropriate form. Note: a chair may be necessary to assist with theindividual’s balance when requested to pick up feet in order to monitor the soles of a shoes.

• Unpack and assemble portal monitor per instructions. Power for portal is 110v AC, 6 “D” cell batteries, DC adaptor, orgenerator.

• Set the base on the ground and insert corresponding labeled sections to base. Detector screens must be facing in and latched.

• Connect horizontal crossover piece to the vertical legs.• Connect the power cord to the bottom of the Controller Module; then align Controller Module to bottom left section

with black connectors. Ensure the pin on back of the bottom left section goes into hole of Controller Module.• Check for the annual accuracy label which should be affixed to the monitor.• Connect power cord to 110v AC outlet and turn on the Controller Module using the rocker switch.• Background count (YELLOW light) will be initialized by portal followed by a GREEN light. The Controller Module has a

digital display which is illuminated in RED or GREEN when the beam is broken by a person or vehicle.• Verify all detectors are operating by taking a 1 µCi beta/gamma-emitting check source (e.g. Cs-137) and pass through

portal at five points as a minimum check. Each location is operationally checked when the RED light and digital displaycorrespond to the location of the check source.

o Hold check source at waist level (center line) then step into the portal; an audible alarm with a flashing REDlight should be heard when detection occurs.

o Conduct a separate check for all four quadrants, which include both upper (right and left) and lower (rightand left) panels.

• Wrap entire portal monitor with plastic wrap for contamination control, and place appropriate step-off pad(s) formonitoring.

• A RED light and a digital display showing location will trigger the need for a hand-held instrument survey process tobe performed.

51

Portal Monitors:

Screening for Contamination

Now TWO meters!

Screening Personnel:• Establish a boundary line at least ten (10) feet for people and vehicles. Verify contamination

does not exist on shoes using a hand-held instrument; if contamination is found then bag andlabel.

• Document survey for people on appropriate form. Note: a chair may be necessary to assist withthe individual’s balance when requested to pick up feet in order to monitor the soles of a shoes.

• If the person is contaminated using the portal monitor, the individual will be surveyed using aLudlum 14C handheld survey meter (1 inch away and 1-2 inches per/second) and then directedto the showers.

• If the person is not contaminated, the individual will be directed to go to registration.

Screening Vehicles:• Assemble portal monitor per instructions except base and top plate will not be needed for

surveillance of vehicles.• Base plate will be replaced by two (2) stands connected by cables.• Protect cables by using a vehicle ramp or available material.• Instruct drivers to drive slowly through the portal.• Portals are to be used in tandem with a hand-held instrument. Refer to Vehicle/Monitoring

Record for areas to be scanned.• Document survey for vehicles on appropriate vehicle form.• Refer to survey form and those in charge for decontamination methods.• For problems or questions, contact local EMA official.

Contamination level is twice the background (2 X BKG).

52

Ludlum 52-1 Instructions &

Video:

https://youtu.be/4-6IYR3fQrE

Thermo Scientific TPM-903B

Instructions & Video:

https://youtu.be/s5PbB2LCBYg

53

Vehicle Decontamination:Spot Checks Using Survey Meter

OUTSIDE

• Air intake/filters• radiation grills• front bumper• Hood• Windshield• Roof• back windshield• Trunk• back bumper• wheel wells• door handles

INSIDE

• driver’s seat (passenger, too, ifknown to be occupied)

• Pedals (gas, brake, clutch,emergency brake)

• Floorboard• any handles that could have been

touched (e.g., fuel door, truckhandle, gear shift)

• steering wheel• dashboard under windshield• center console• any radio/air controls• air vents

Pet Monitoring,

Decontamination, & Registration

• For Community ReceptionCenters, follow the plansfor your county’s EMA

54

Safety Briefing

•Equipment

•Dose limits

•PPE

All Emergency Workers will be issued the following equipment:

• Radiation Exposure Record

• Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD card)

o Fill out Radiation Exposure Record information

• Low Range Pocket Dosimeter (0-200mR): black or silver


• High Range Pocket Dosimeter (0-20R): yellow


• Maximum Radiation Dosage Limit Card (green card)

• Potassium Iodide (KI) will be issued by ADPH KI Nurse. DO NOT TAKE UNTIL TOLD TO DO SO BY EMA.

• When reading your dosimeter, point toward a good light source. Read through the clip end. Keep the scale in the horizontal position to assure an accurate reading.

• Read your dosimeters every 30 minutes, and record on your radiation exposure record.• The TLD card is your permanent record and cannot be read in the field.• Read your dosimeters and record on the Radiation Exposure Record at least every 30 minutes.

o Seek relief at 100mR (black dosimeter)o Do not wait until the dosimeter is on 100mR before requesting relief; call when it’s approaching 100mR.

• Your TLD and dosimeters should be worn in your black pouch on the outside of your clothing.• If you reach the limit on your black low range dosimeter (200mR), use your yellow high range dosimeter (20R).• Authorization to exceed emergency worker exposure guidelines must be obtained from the State Health Officer prior to any exposure limit being

exceeded. This will be done through the local EMA office.• Remember to stay in contact with your department’s safety officer.• If you have any questions, contact the local EMA office for assistance.

<read the green card dosimetry limits>

Outside Vehicle Decontamination:

• All outside personnel will wear turnout fire gear or OREX water resistant coveralls with face shield, water repellant booties, and gloves.• Follow all donning and doffing directions when putting PPE on and taking PPE off.• Do not eat, drink, chew gum, smoke, apply make-up, or put on lip balm while on duty as an emergency worker.

Inside Personnel Decontamination:

• All inside personnel will wear OREX coveralls with face shield, shoe covers, and gloves.• Follow all donning and doffing directions when putting PPE on and taking PPE off.• Do not eat, drink, chew gum, smoke, apply make-up, or put on lip balm while on duty as an emergency worker.

55

Personnel Monitoring

Equipment

1. KI tablet▪ When do you take the KI? (when your county EMA has instructed you to)▪ How often and how many should you take? (one (1) 130 mg tablet or two (2) 65 mg tablets every 24 hours

as needed)▪ Who should not take KI? (a person who has a known medical history to iodine )

2. Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD Card)▪ Can you read a TLD card? (No)▪ What does the TLD card serve as? (Your legal permanent record)

3. Two Pocket Dosimeters. One low range and one high range.▪ By color, which is the high range? (Yellow)▪ What units are used by the high range dosimeter? (0-20 Roentgen) or (0-5 Roentgen)▪ How often would you check and record your dosimeters? (Every 15-30 minutes; Read 15 minutes in > 1

mR/hr field or every 30 minutes < 1 mR/hr field) ▪ What is your seek relief limit? (100 milliroentgen)▪ Which dosimeter would you be reading? (Black or Silver- Low range, 0-200 milliroentgen)

4. Record your pocket dosimeter readings on the Radiation Exposure Record.

5. Ludlum 14C .▪ How fast and how far should you monitor for contamination? 1 inch away and 1 inch per/second.▪ What is the contamination level in Alabama? 2 x background.▪ Is the probe open or closed to monitor for contamination? Open.▪ When is the only time the probe is closed? Checking the thyroid for the uptake of radioactive iodines.

6. Record survey readings on the “Personnel Monitoring/Decontamination Record” and “VehicleMonitoring/Decontamination Record”.

56

Ludlum 14C-Set Up & Operation

Before any possibly contaminated individuals arrive at the reception center, check the operation of the survey meter and record background radiation at that location. Then follow the steps below:

1. Verify annual calibration due date has not expired.2. Conduct a physical inspection of meter.3. Turn the multiplier switch to the “Off” position.4. Turn toggle switches to “AUD ON” and to “FAST RESPONSE.”5. Open battery compartment beneath handle and install 2 D-cell batteries.

1. Correct polarities are engraved on inside of lid. (+) should touch the positive side of battery. (-)should touch the negative side of the battery.

6. Connect cable to unit and a pancake (44-9) probe. Remove protective cover from probe.7. Turn Multiplier Switch to lowest scale (X0.1) and press and hold “BAT” button. Needle should deflect to

“BAT OK” or “BAT TEST.”8. Open the source window and place open probe against source while looking for visual needle deflection

and listening for an audible sound. Then remove the probe from the source. This is a “response check.”9. Turn toggle switches to “AUD OFF.”10. Place open probe against source for visual needle deflection, then scale up with Multiplier Switch until a

steady reading is obtained that is not off-scale. This is a “calibration check.”a. Each probe shall read within +/- 20% of the reference reading found on the calibration sticker.

11. Cover probe with plastic wrap, non-freezer plastic bag, or latex/nitrile glove. This prevents the probefrom being contaminated. If using bag, secure to probe tightly using rubber band to ensure nothing ishanging down. If using glove, fold back fingers and tape down toward handle.

12. Turn toggle switches to “AUD ON” and to “SLOW RESPONSE.” Close source windows. Change multiplierswitch to X0.1 and press “RESET.”

13. Take a background radiation reading with probe open window (X0.1 position) using the pancake probe(44-9). Average background using a Ludlum is typically 50 counts per minute (cpm).

14. Turn toggle switch to “FAST RESPONSE.”15. For problems, contact the local EMA.

*Follow instructions attached to Ludlum for reference

57

Ludlum 14C Just in Time Website

http://bit.ly/ludlum14cjit

1. Assembly instructions (PDF)

2. Assembly video (00:00)

58

Ludlum 26:

Battery Installation1.Grab the ring on the screw.

2.Turn the ring one quarter

turn counter-clockwise.

3.Release and remove the

battery cover.

4.Install two AA batteries.

Positive polarities point

toward the pancake probe.

5.Firmly insert the barb of the

battery cover completely

into the body of the Model

26.

6.Replace the cover and turn

ring one quarter of a turn

clockwise to secure.

Battery Installation

A low-battery indicator appears at the bottom of the LCD when less than 16 hours of battery life remain.When this indicator is present, follow the above steps to replace the two standard AA batteries.

59

• Power on

• Turn on by pressing the ON/ACK button

for approximately one second and release.

• All LCD segments will activate, and firmware

version will be shown.

• Units are in cpm

• Remove plastic protective filter

• Calibration check

• Calibration check source…

• label UP

• touching probe,

• in center of probe

• ±20% of calibrated value

• Check for device failure

• Detector failure diagnostic

• 0 cpm = usually a puncture in the mica

window

• Over range of 99.9 kcpm = usually an

internal malfunction

Ludlum 26:

Calibration Check

Instrument Operational Test

Turn the instrument ON by pressing the ON/ACK button for about a second, and then releasing.The instrument should activate all the LCD segments and the audio. Observe the device during this time.If any LCD segments are missing, or audio fails to work, the device is in need of repair.The instrument then displays the firmware version number and activates the Alarm LED briefly. Should the Alarm LED fail to turn on, the device is in need of repair.

Response Check

A reference reading with a check source, 1 µCi (37 kBq) of Cs-137 for example, should be obtained at the time the instrument is received in the field. If at any time the instrument fails to read within 20% of the reference reading when using the same check source, it should be sent to a calibration facility (i.e., ADPH ORC) for recalibration and/or repair.

60

Ludlum 26:

Protection & Background• Cover probe with cling

wrap, glove, or plasticbag,

• Form a smooth, tight surface.

• Nothing hanging down from probe

(i.e., rubber band it tightly in

place)

• Get background reading

Normal Operation & Changing Units

The instrument will then move to normal operation, displaying the current rate for the Primary units (default: cpm).

Malfunction Diagnostic

If the detector stops detecting radiation for 60 seconds, normally through a puncture of the thin mica window, the Model 26 will flash a zero reading for the currently selected units.

Detector Over Range

If the unit has an internal malfunction that causes it to count high or excessively, the unit flashes the maximum rate for the currently selected units as a warning.The user should ensure whether this is being caused by a high radiation field or by internal malfunction.

61

Ludlum 26:

Monitoring Technique• Attach band to wrist/forearm

– Does not allow for hanging objects– If meter is dropped, does not hit ground

• Maintain grip on meter at all times• 1/2 inch away @ 1 inch/second for aaaa radiation

• 1 inch away @ 1-2 inches/second for bbbbradiation

• 1 inch away @ 1-2 inches/second for ggggradiation– Pause if count rate increases.– Re-survey to find location of highest count.

• cpm / kcpm (contamination)– 2 X Background (cpm) = contamination level in

Alabama

– Do NOT use the dose equivalent filter.

Ludlum 26:

Shutdown

• Power Off

– Turn off by holding down ON/ACKbutton for approximately five seconds(audio will beep and LCD will clear).

– Remove batteries and restoreeverything into the case.

62

Ludlum 26:

Training

Video

https://youtu.be/ybLKYksin6s

63

Ludlum 26:

Battery Installation1.Grab the ring on the screw.

2.Turn the ring one quarter

turn counter-clockwise.

3.Release and remove the

battery cover.

4.Install two AA batteries.

Positive polarities point

toward the pancake probe.

5.Firmly insert the barb of the

battery cover completely

into the body of the Model

26-1.

6.Replace the cover and turn

ring one quarter of a turn

clockwise to secure.

Battery Installation

A low-battery indicator appears at the bottom of the LCD when less than 16 hours of battery life remain.When this indicator is present, follow the above steps to replace the two standard AA batteries.

64

• Power on

• Turn on by pressing the ON/ACK button

for approximately one second and release.

• All LCD segments will activate, and firmware

version will be shown.

• Ensure units are in cpm• Remove plastic protective filter• Calibration check

• Calibration check source…

• label UP

• touching probe,

• in center of probe

• ±20% of calibrated value• Check for device failure

• Detector failure diagnostic

• 0 cpm = usually a puncture in the mica

window

• Over range of 999 kcpm = usually an

internal malfunction

Ludlum 26-1:

Calibration Check

Instrument Operational Test

Turn the instrument ON by pressing the ON/ACK button for about a second, and then releasing.The instrument should activate all the LCD segments and the audio. Observe the device during this time.If any LCD segments are missing, or audio fails to work, the device is in need of repair.The instrument then displays the firmware version number and activates the Alarm LED briefly. Should the Alarm LED fail to turn on, the device is in need of repair.

Response Check

A reference reading with a check source, 1 µCi (37 kBq) of Cs-137 for example, should be obtained at the time the instrument is received in the field. If at any time the instrument fails to read within 20% of the reference reading when using the same check source, it should be sent to a calibration facility (i.e., ADPH ORC) for recalibration and/or repair.

65

Ludlum 26-1:

Protection & Background• Cover probe with cling wrap, glove, or

plastic bag

• Form a smooth, tight surface.

• Nothing should be hanging down from

probe (i.e., rubber band it tightly in place).

• Get background reading

• Monitoring for contamination

• Units are, by default, set to cpm /

kcpm (it automatically adjusts). If they

are not, press the Units button.

• Acquire background

• Exposure rate

• Units are, by default, set to mR/hr /

R/hr (it automatically adjusts). If they

are not, press the Units button.

• Acquire background

Normal Operation & Changing Units

The instrument will then move to normal operation, displaying the current rate for the Primary units (default: cpm).The user may select the Secondary units (default: mR/hr) by pressing the Units button.

Malfunction Diagnostic

If the detector stops detecting radiation for 60 seconds, normally through a puncture of the thin mica window, the Model 26-1 will flash a zero reading for the currently selected units.

Detector Over Range

If the unit has an internal malfunction that causes it to count high or excessively, the unit flashes the maximum rate for the currently selected units as a warning.The user should ensure whether this is being caused by a high radiation field or by internal malfunction.

66

Ludlum 26-1:

Monitoring Technique• Attach band to wrist/forearm

– Does not allow for hanging objects– If meter is dropped, does not hit ground

• Maintain grip on meter at all times• 1/2 inch away @ 1 inch/second for aaaa radiation

• 1 inch away @ 1-2 inches/second for bbbb radiation

• 1 inch away @ 1-2 inches/second for gggg radiation

– Pause if count rate increases.– Re-survey to find location of highest count.

• cpm / kcpm (contamination)

– 2 X Background (cpm) = contamination level in

Alabama

– Do NOT use the dose equivalent filter.

• mR/hr / R/hr (exposure rate)

– DO use the dose equivalent filter if available

Ludlum 26-1:

Shutdown

• Power Off

– Turn off by holding down ON/ACKbutton for approximately five seconds(audio will beep and LCD will clear).

– Remove batteries and restoreeverything into the case.

67

Ludlum 26-1:

Training

Video

https://youtu.be/ijaxIBZjdbE

68

• ALPHA RADIATION – A positively charged particle emitted from the nucleus of a radioactive element. It has alow penetrating power and has a short range - a few inches. Alpha particles are not an external hazard but areextremely hazardous when introduced into the body.

• ALARA – An acronym for As Low As Reasonably Achievable. An approach to radiation protection to control ormanage exposures as low as social, technical, economic, practical, and public policy considerations permit. ALARA is not a dose limit but a process to keep dose levels as far below applicable limits as reasonably achievable.

• BACKGROUND RADIATION – The radiation in the natural environment, including cosmic rays and radiation from the naturally radioactive elements, both outside and inside the bodies of humans and animals. It is also called natural radiation. The average individual exposure from background radiation is 620 millirem per year.

• BETA RADIATION – A negatively charged particle emitted from the nucleus during radioactive decay. It has amedium penetrating power and a range of up to a few feet. Large amounts of beta radiation may cause skin reddening, and are harmful if they enter the body. Beta radiation is an external and internal hazard.

• CONTAMINATION – The deposition of unwanted radioactive material on the surface of structures, areas, objects,or personnel. Radioactive material in a location where it is unwanted.

• CPM – An acronym for counts per minute and is associated with contamination surveys. The pancake probe (44-9) with the Ludlum 14C is used when detecting for contamination.

• DECONTAMINATION – The reduction or removal of radioactive material from a location where it is unwanted.

• DOSIMETER – A portable instrument or device used for measuring and registering the total accumulatedexposure to ionizing radiation. Examples are pocket dosimeter, TLD or film badge.

• EMERGENCY CLASSIFICATION Levels – 1. Notification of an Unusual Event (NOUE), 2. Alert, 3. Site AreaEmergency, 4. General Emergency.

Glossary

Glossary• EMERGENCY WORKER – An individual performing duties to protect the health and safety of the public during a

radiological emergency (e.g., firemen, school bus driver, police, highway personnel, medical personnel, etc.)

• EXPOSURE – The absorption of radiation or ingestion of a radionuclide.

• EXPOSURE RATE – The measure of radiation by a device (survey meter) over some time period, usually an hour.

• GAMMA RADIATION – A high energy photon emitted from the nucleus of an atom. It has the most penetrating power and a range of up to hundreds of feet. Gamma rays will penetrate the internal organs, therefore, they arean internal and external hazard.

• GEIGER-MUELLER COUNTER – A radiation detection and measuring instrument. It consists of a gas-filled tube containing electrodes, between which there is an electrical voltage but no current flowing. When ionizing radiation passes through a tube, a short intense pulse of current passes from the negative electrode to the positive electrode and is measured or counted. The number of pulses per second measures the intensity of radiation.

• ION – An atom that has too many or too few electrons, causing it to be chemically active; an electron that is notassociated (in orbit) with a nucleus.

• IONIZING RADIATION – Any radiation capable of displacing electrons from atoms, thereby producing ions.Examples: alpha, beta, gamma, x-rays, neutrons and ultraviolet light. High doses of ionizing radiation may produce severe skin or tissue damage.

• INVERSE SQUARE LAW – The law states the gamma rays intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from a point source. Therefore, doubling the distance from a point source of gamma radiation decreases the exposure rate to one-fourth (1/4) the original exposure rate.

69

Glossary• IONIZATION – The process of adding one or more electrons to, or removing one or more electrons from, atoms or

molecules, thereby creating ions. High temperatures, electrical discharges, or nuclear radiation can cause ionization.

• LITHIUM FLUORIDE – A chemical compound used in thermoluminescent dosimeters.

• KCPM – An acronym for kilo counts per minute (thousands of counts per minute).

• MILLI – A prefix meaning one-thousandth (1/1000) or divides a basic unit by 1000. For example, millirem is one-thousandth

part of a rem )

• PERSONNEL MONITORING EQUIPMENT– Devices designed to be worn by a single individual for the assessment of dose

equivalent such as film badges, thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), and pocket dosimeters.

• POTASSIUM IODIDE (KI) – A chemical form of stable iodine that can be used by the body to block absorption of radioiodine

by the thyroid gland.

• RAD – An acronym for Radiation Absorbed Dose . The special unit of absorbed dose. One (1) rad is equal to an absorbed

dose of 100 ergs/gram or 0.01 joule/kilogram (0.01 gray).

• RADIATION – Is energy in the form of rays or high-speed particles. Radiation occurs naturally as in sunlight. Radiation is

also manmade in the form of x-rays, medical treatments, nuclear weapons, and commercial nuclear power facilities. All

forms of electromagnetic radiation make up the electromagnetic spectrum.

• RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL – Any material which spontaneously emits particle or photon radiation in an effort to expend

excess energy.

• RADIOACTIVITY – The spontaneous emission of radiation, generally alpha or beta particle often accompanied by gamma

rays from the nucleus of an unstable isotope.

Glossary• RCA – An acronym for Radiation Control Agency.

• REM – Roentgen Equivalent in Man. The special unit of dose equivalent in man. It is measurement of the effect of

all types of radiation on the human body.

• ROENTGEN (R)– A unit of exposure to ionizing radiation in air. It is radiation effect in air from x-rays or gamma

rays.

• SHIELDING – Any material or obstruction that absorbs radiation and thus tends to protect personnel or material

from the effects of ionizing radiation

• SURVEY METER – Any portable radiation detection instrument adapted for inspecting an area to establish the

existence and amount of radioactive material present.

• TEDE – An acronym for Total Effective Dose Equivalent. Total Dose = External Dose + Internal Dose.

• THERMOLUMINISCENT DOSIMETER (TLD) – An extremely accurate device used to measure and provide a

permanent record of exposure to radiation.

• X-RAY – A photon originating from the electron cloud rather that from the nucleus of an atom. One form of

electromagnetic radiation. It has penetrating power like gamma radiation. X-rays will penetrate the internal

organs, therefore, they are an internal and external hazard.

70

Just In Time Videos• Portal Monitor: Ludlum 52-1 (Assembly for Personnel Configuration

Only)– https://youtu.be/4-6IYR3fQrE– Note: wrap in plastic before turning on for background and doing

response checks– Note: AC adaptor optional– Note: check calibration date on label performed by ADPH

• Portal Monitor: TPM-903A (Assembly for Personnel & Vehicle Configurations)– https://youtu.be/s5PbB2LCBYg– Note: wrap in plastic before turning on for background and doing

response checks• Frisker: Ludlum 26 Training (Personnel & Vehicle Monitoring)

– https://youtu.be/qHRozznOdRk– Note: wrap probe in plastic– Note: check calibration label from ADPH– Note: Alarms are set for 2x background

ADPH VERSIONS OF VIDEOS COMING SOON!

Just In Time Videos• Frisker: Ludlum 26-1 (overview only)

– https://youtu.be/ijaxIBZjdbE– Follow all training for Ludlum 26, but note features of

26-1

• Survey Meter: Ludlum 14C (overview only)– https://youtu.be/Im16jXwxRP0– Note: Follow ADPH Just In Time training sheet for

instructions of assembly & ADPH protocols formonitoring

• Pocket Dosimeter Zeroing: Using CDV-730 Charger (quickoverview)– https://youtu.be/0yxneFuqDQE

• Pocket Dosimeter: Usage of Low & High Range Dosimeters– https://youtu.be/Nez1_pi_8z4– Note: Although many protocols in the video are in line

with ADPH protocols, always follow ADPH protocols

ADPH VERSION OF VIDEOS COMING SOON!

71

Radiation Exposure Record

Signature: Date: / /

Last Revised: June 7, 2019

Name: SS# (last 4):

Agency: DOS#: ( )5R ( ) 20R

Date: (MM/DD/YY) TLD#:

Note! Read dosimeter at least every 30 minutes 06/2019

# Time (24 hr) Reading Status ()

Low Range (mR) High Range (R) Start End Total

1 Initial Reading

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

200 mR

72

Radi

atio

n Eq

uipm

ent D

istrib

utio

n Lo

g

Last

revi

sed:

June

7, 2

019

# Da

te (M

M/D

D/Y

Y):

Nam

e:

Dosi

met

er(s

) TL

D Ca

rd

SS#

(last

4):

Agen

cy:

Low

(200

mR)

#:

High

( )5

R (

)20

R #:

#:

Initi

al R

eadi

ng

End

Read

ing

Initi

al R

eadi

ng

End

Read

ing

# Da

te (M

M/D

D/Y

Y):

Nam

e:

Dosi

met

er(s

) TL

D Ca

rd

SS#

(last

4):

Agen

cy:

Low

(200

mR)

#:

High

( )5

R (

)20

R #:

#:

Initi

al R

eadi

ng

End

Read

ing

Initi

al R

eadi

ng

End

Read

ing

# Da

te (M

M/D

D/Y

Y):

Nam

e:

Dosi

met

er(s

) TL

D Ca

rd

SS#

(last

4):

Agen

cy:

Low

(200

mR)

#:

High

( )5

R (

)20

R #:

#:

Initi

al R

eadi

ng

End

Read

ing

Initi

al R

eadi

ng

End

Read

ing

# Da

te (M

M/D

D/Y

Y):

Nam

e:

Dosi

met

er(s

) TL

D Ca

rd

SS#

(last

4):

Agen

cy:

Low

(200

mR)

#:

High

( )5

R (

)20

R #:

#:

Initi

al R

eadi

ng

End

Read

ing

Initi

al R

eadi

ng

End

Read

ing

# Da

te (M

M/D

D/Y

Y):

Nam

e:

Dosi

met

er(s

) TL

D Ca

rd

SS#

(last

4):

Agen

cy:

Low

(200

mR)

#:

High

( )5

R (

)20

R #:

#:

Initi

al R

eadi

ng

End

Read

ing

Initi

al R

eadi

ng

End

Read

ing

# Da

te (M

M/D

D/Y

Y):

Nam

e:

Dosi

met

er(s

) TL

D Ca

rd

SS#

(last

4):

Agen

cy:

Low

(200

mR)

#:

High

( )5

R (

)20

R #:

#:

Initi

al R

eadi

ng

End

Read

ing

Initi

al R

eadi

ng

End

Read

ing

# Da

te (M

M/D

D/Y

Y):

Nam

e:

Dosi

met

er(s

) TL

D Ca

rd

SS#

(last

4):

Agen

cy:

Low

(200

mR)

#:

High

( )5

R (

)20

R #:

#:

Initi

al R

eadi

ng

End

Read

ing

Initi

al R

eadi

ng

End

Read

ing

# Da

te (M

M/D

D/Y

Y):

Nam

e:

Dosi

met

er(s

) TL

D Ca

rd

SS#

(last

4):

Agen

cy:

Low

(200

mR)

#:

High

( )5

R (

)20

R #:

#:

Initi

al R

eadi

ng

End

Read

ing

Initi

al R

eadi

ng

End

Read

ing

73

Personnel Monitoring/Decontamination Record

Monitor’s Name (PRINT) Decon Monitor’s Name (PRINT)

Monitor’s Signature Decon Monitor’s Signature

FEB2021

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name: SSN:

Address: Sex: M F

City: State: Zip Code: Phone#:

Reception Center: Date:

EXTERNAL CONTAMINATION Note: Contamination Limit in Alabama is 2 x Background Background Reading: ______CPM

Area of Contamination (Indicate Location on Diagram Below)

Initial Reading (CPM)

Reading Following 1st Decon (CPM)

Reading Following 2nd Decon (CPM)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Initial Reading 1st Decon 2nd Decon

Not Contaminated Sent to 1st Decon

Decontaminated Sent to 2nd Decon

Decontaminated Contact Radiation Control

74

Vehicle Monitoring/Decontamination Record


Monitor’s Signature Decon Monitor’s Signature FEB2021

Name: Date: Address: Phone#: City: State: Zip Code: Year: Make: Model: Color: Tag:

NOTE: Contamination Limit in Alabama is 2 X Background

1 Initial survey of vehicle:(Indicate the Location)

Remarks

Front Bumper Air Intake/Filters _______CPM (specify location) Front Grill ______________ _______CPM _______CPM Hood ______________ _______CPM _______CPM

Trunk _______CPM Rear Bumper _______CPM

Driver’s Side Tire/Wheel Well (Front) _______CPM (Rear) _______CPM

Driver’s Side Front Windshield _______CPM

Roof _______CPM

Driver’s Side Door Handles (Front) _______CPM (Rear) _______CPM

Driver’s Side Back Windshield _______CPM

Background Reading Meter A: ____CPM Background Reading Meter B: ____CPM

Passenger’s Side Tire/Wheel Well (Front) _______CPM (Rear) _______CPM

Passenger’s Side Front Windshield _______CPM

Passenger’s Side Door Handles (Front) _______CPM (Rear) _______CPM

Passenger’s Side Back Windshield _______CPM

Interior Area(s) Steering Wheel ______CPM Pedal (gas) ______CPM Pedal (brake) ______CPM Pedal (clutch) ______CPM Pedal (emerg. brake) ______CPM Driver’s Seat ______CPM Passenger’s Seat ______CPM Back Seat (specify) _______________ ______CPM Dashboard ______CPM Center Console ______CPM Radio/air controls ______CPM Air vents ______CPM Interior handle (specify) _______________ ______CPM Floorboard ______CPM

75

Vehicle Monitoring/Decontamination Record


Monitor’s Signature Decon Monitor’s Signature FEB2021

2 Decontamination of vehicle:

NOTE: In event that after the 2nd attempt to decon still remains

above the established contamination limit, isolate vehicle and contact Radiation Control.

Remarks

METHOD OF DECONTAMINATION: Wipe inside with damp cloth Vacuum floorboards Wash outside with soap and water

FURTHER ACTION REQUIRED: Decon complete. Refer to Clean Parking Area Further Decon required. Refer to Secured Parking Area

Front Bumper Air Intake/Filters 1st Decon _______CPM (specify location) 2nd Decon _______CPM __________________ Front Grill 1st Decon _______CPM 1st Decon _______CPM 2nd Decon _______CPM 2nd Decon _______CPM __________________ Hood 1st Decon _______CPM 1st Decon _______CPM 2nd Decon _______CPM 2nd Decon _______CPM

Driver’s Side Tire/Wheel Well (Front) 1st Decon _______CPM 2nd Decon _______CPM Driver’s Side Tire/Wheel Well (Rear) 1st Decon _______CPM 2nd Decon _______CPM Driver’s Side Front Windshield 1st Decon _______CPM 2nd Decon _______CPM

Roof 1st Decon _______CPM 2nd Decon _______CPM

Interior Area(s) Steering Wheel 1st Decon ______CPM 2nd Decon ______CPM Pedal (gas) 1st Decon ______CPM 2nd Decon ______CPM Pedal (brake) 1st Decon ______CPM 2nd Decon ______CPM Pedal (clutch) 1st Decon ______CPM 2nd Decon ______CPM Pedal (emerg. brake) 1st Decon ______CPM 2nd Decon ______CPM Driver’s Seat 1st Decon ______CPM 2nd Decon ______CPM Passenger’s Seat 1st Decon ______CPM 2nd Decon ______CPM Back Seat (specify) _______________ 1st Decon ______CPM 2nd Decon ______CPM Dashboard 1st Decon ______CPM 2nd Decon ______CPM Center Console 1st Decon ______CPM 2nd Decon ______CPM Radio/air controls 1st Decon ______CPM 2nd Decon ______CPM Air vents 1st Decon ______CPM 2nd Decon ______CPM Interior handle (specify) _______________ 1st Decon ______CPM 2nd Decon ______CPM Floorboard 1st Decon ______CPM 2nd Decon ______CPM

Trunk 1st Decon _______CPM 2nd Decon _______CPM Rear Bumper 1st Decon _______CPM 2nd Decon _______CPM

Passenger’s Side Tire/Wheel Well (Front) 1st Decon _______CPM 2nd Decon _______CPM Passenger’s Side Tire/Wheel Well (Rear) 1st Decon _______CPM 2nd Decon _______CPM Passenger’s Side Front Windshield 1st Decon _______CPM 2nd Decon _______CPM

Driver’s Side Door Handles (Front) 1st Decon _______CPM 2nd Decon _______CPM Driver’s Side Door Handles (Rear) 1st Decon _______CPM 2nd Decon _______CPM Driver’s Side Back Windshield 1st Decon _______CPM 2nd Decon _______CPM

Passenger’s Side Door Handles (Front) 1st Decon _______CPM 2nd Decon _______CPM Passenger’s Side Door Handles (Rear) 1st Decon _______CPM 2nd Decon _______CPM Passenger’s Side Back Windshield 1st Decon _______CPM 2nd Decon _______CPM

76

RADIATION ACCIDENT TEAM DRESS-OUT PACKAGE

ITEM QUANTITY Disposable Booties 1 (pair) Yellow Plastic Waterproof Shoe Covers 1 (pair) Disposable Coveralls 1 (suit) Disposable “Orange” Nitrile Gloves 1 (pair) Disposable Non-latex Gloves 1 (pair) Protective Mask w/Splash Visor Eye Shield 1 Disposable Hood 1

Note: You will need a roll of masking tape.

DRESS-OUT INSTRUCTIONS

1. Record TLD number, personal dosimeter serial numbers, and initial dosimeter readingson Radiation Exposure Record before entering controlled area.

2. Attach TLD to clothes (upper body).

3. Put on disposable booties.

4. Put on (yellow) plastic waterproof shoe covers over disposable booties.

5. Put on disposable coveralls.a. Tape zipper – leave a tab for easy removal of tape.b. Tape to booties – leave a tab for easy removal of tape.

6. Put on inner pair of “orange” nitrile gloves.a. Tape to sleeve – leave a tab for easy removal of tape.

7. Put on outer pair of non-latex gloves (do not tape!).

8. Label your position “title” on masking tape.a. Place on front and back of coveralls.

9. Attach pocket dosimeters to upper body (outside coveralls).

10. Put on mask w/splash visor eye shield.

11. Put on disposable hood.

Last Revised: January 2021 77

RADIATION ACCIDENT PROTOCOL EXIT OF THE DECONTAMINATION TEAM

HOSPITAL: Post in sight of step-off pad AMBULANCE: Post in back window of ambulance

1. Have Inside Radiation Safety Officer (RSO) frisk hands before beginning Exit Process.If contamination is found, remove and replace outer pair of non-latex gloves and continueinstructions.

2. Give pocket dosimeter to RSO.Be sure that reading is recorded upon exit.

3. Remove disposable hood.Put in a waste container.

4. Remove (yellow) plastic waterproof shoe covers.Put in a waste container.

5. Remove tape from wrists, coveralls, and booties.Put in a waste container.

6. Remove coveralls (slowly pull downward to ankles).Step out of coveralls.Put in a waste container.

7. Remove disposable booties (one at time).Put in a waste container while stepping over the control line.

a. RSO should monitor bottom of shoes at this time.

8. Remove outer pair of non-latex gloves.Put in a waste container.

9. Remove TLD and give to RSO.

10. Remove mask w/splash visor eye shield.Put in waste container

11. Remove inner pair of “Orange” nitrile gloves.Put them in a waste container.

12. Receive a complete whole-body survey with a Geiger-Mueller survey meter from the hospitalpersonnel (should take several minutes).

a. If survey indicates the presence of contamination, DO NOT leave the area untilassisted by the RSO.

Last Revised: January 2021

78

Updated February 2021

LUDLUM 14C GUIDE PRE-OPERATIONAL CHECK

• Verify annual calibration due date has not expired.• Conduct a physical inspection of meter.• Turn the multiplier switch to the “Off” position.• Turn toggle switches to “AUD ON” and to “FAST RESPONSE.”• Open battery compartment beneath handle and install 2 D-cell

batteries. Correct polarities are engraved on inside of lid. (+) shouldtouch the positive side of battery. (-) should touch the negative sideof the battery.

• Connect cable to unit and a pancake (44-9) probe. Removeprotective cover from probe.

• Turn Multiplier Switch to lowest scale (X0.1) and press and hold“BAT” button. Needle should deflect to “BAT OK” or “BAT TEST.”

• Open the source window and place open probe against source whilelooking for visual needle deflection and listening for an audiblesound. Then remove the probe from the source. This is a “responsecheck.”

• Turn toggle switches to “AUD OFF.”• Place open probe against source for visual needle deflection, then

scale up with Multiplier Switch until a steady reading is obtained thatis not off-scale. This is a “calibration check.”

• Each probe shall read within +/- 20% of the reference reading foundon the calibration sticker. (see “A” on next page)

• Cover probe with plastic wrap, non-freezer plastic bag, or latex/nitrileglove. This prevents the probe from being contaminated. If usingbag, secure to probe tightly using rubber band to ensure nothing ishanging down. If using glove, fold back fingers and tape downtoward handle.

• Turn toggle switches to “AUD ON” and to “SLOW RESPONSE.”Close source windows. Change multiplier switch to X0.1 and press“RESET.”

• Take a background radiation reading with probe open window (X0.1position) using the pancake probe (44-9). Average background usinga Ludlum is typically 50 counts per minute (cpm).

• Turn toggle switch to “FAST RESPONSE.”• For problems, contact the local EMA.

79


A

80

EMERGENCY WORKERS (EWs) and PERSONNEL & EQUIPMENT MONITORS (PEMs)

DOSIMETRY EQUIPMENT “JUST IN TIME” TRAINING


Equipment/supplies needed for “Just in Time Training”: Thermoluminescent Dosimeters (TLD cards) Clips for TLD Cards Low Range Pocket Dosimeters (0-200 mR) High Range Pocket Dosimeter (0-5 R or 0-20 R)

CDV-750 Dosimeter Charger(s)Radiation Dosage Limits Cards for Emergency Workers and Personnel & Equipment MonitorsRadiation Equipment Distribution Log(s)NOTE: Record all EWs and PEMs with the appropriate issued equipment.

Radiation Exposure Record(s)Pen(s) and/or Pencil(s)

All EWs and PEMs will be issued the following equipment (pouches): 1. Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD Card)2. Low Range Pocket Dosimeter (0-200 mR)3. High Range Pocket Dosimeter (0-5 R or 0-20 R)4. Radiation Exposure Record5. Radiation Dosage Limit Card6. Potassium Iodide (KI) will be made available, if needed (EWs only)

Follow the steps below to conduct “Just in Time” Training: Zero pocket dosimeters (instructions on back) Track each EW and PEM issued dosimetry on the Radiation Equipment Distribution Log Prepare a Radiation Exposure Record for each EW and PEM Instruct each EW and PEM on the use and specific details of dosimetry (see below) Inform each EW that Potassium Iodide (KI) will be made available, if needed (EWs only)Issue each EW and PEM a Radiation Dosage Limit Card and discuss the allowable limits Remember: TIME, DISTANCE and SHIELDING! At the end of mission, return dosimetry, etc. to the Command Post and/or EW station. Dosimetry will be recorded. (EWs only) If contamination is present, EWs will be directed to a local community reception center for decontamination. (EWs only)

Pocket dosimeters can be read directly by the user Place pocket dosimeters on the outside of the top

layer of clothing between the neck and waist(preferably chest area)

Read both (low and high) pocket dosimeters at leastevery 30 minutes (clip end/good source of light)

Record readings on the Radiation Exposure Record Seek relief at 100 mR on the low dosimeter

TLD card(s) serve as a permanent/legalrecord.(user specific; not interchangeable)

Place clip on TLD card Clip TLD card to street clothes or under

protective clothing between the neck and waist(preferably chest area)

Can NOT be read in the field; will be read at thecompletion of the emergency

81

EMERGENCY WORKERS (EWs) and PERSONNEL & EQUIPMENT MONITORS (PEMs)

DOSIMETRY EQUIPMENT “JUST IN TIME” TRAINING


Instructions on how to zero a pocket dosimeter

1. Adjust the clamp to fit the length of thedosimeter.

2. Pull the clamp trigger back and insert thedosimeter with the clip toward the back. Thedosimeter must have a snug fit. Make sure thescale of the dosimeter is horizontal.

3. Look to see if there is a hairline. If there is ahairline, pump the black generator lever to“charge” or zero the dosimeter. If you don’thave a hairline, then give the generator lever afew slow pumps, and the hairline will appearon the right hand side. Continue pumping thegenerator lever until the hairline is on zero.

4. If the hairline falls below zero, press the blackdischarge button to bring the hairline back tozero.

5. To remove the dosimeter from the charger,squeeze the clamp trigger and lift thedosimeter above the end of the clamp, pullingit straight back to disengage it from thecharging contact.

6. Once removed from the charger, read thedosimeter to ensure that the hairline has remained on the zero reading. It may benecessary to re-zero the dosimeter.

Radiation Dosage Limits: Emergency Workers

Personnel & Equipment Monitors

82

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County Hwy-26

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County Hw

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Old Webb Rd

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Rd

Antioch Church Rd

Furnie Jackson Rd

Burl Lee Rd

Liberty St

Ben

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Rd

Freeman Rd

Zion

Rd

Dowry Rd

Main St

Wood St

Bazemor

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Rd

County Road 1

Granger St

Frye

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County Hwy-47

September Rd

Gus LoveRd

County

Hw

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County Road 34

Ed Tolar Rd

Frith Rd

CountyHwy-

63

Husk ey

Rd

Brun

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Hayden St

Guy

Bra

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Rd

Webb To Kinsey Rd

Wilk

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Bluff S prings Rd

Buntin Rd

Edse l Deese Rd

Fire

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OldRiver R

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She

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Johnnie IngramRd

ZacharyR

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W illoughby Rd

Paul Jeffcoat Rd

Coun

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5

Miller St

Glass Rd

Whitaker Rd

Bud

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Baxter Rd

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3

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Ruth Cir

County Hwy-8

Cypress St

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Old Jak in Rd

Ran

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Wad

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Vann

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County Hwy-2

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Om

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Buckhalte rRd

Lindb

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Jakin

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Pi

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King

Rd

Sweetie Smith Rd

J.D

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Mos

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Wom

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Rd

Ru fus White Rd

Sheffield Mill Rd

Cosb

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Pau

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Charles Rd

County Road 65

GA-285

Lesli

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County Hwy-38

Billy Cherry Rd

Green Frog Rd

Edga

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Rd

Mil lsSt

BunkoRd

Ludl

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County Hwy-85

Cow

arts

Cre

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Curtis Mixon Rd

Turnpike Rd

Otis

Buie

Rd

Jester St

Peac

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Hop

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Rd

Wilkerson Rd

Luke

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Rd

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Saint Johns Rd

Hightower Rd

Hunter Rd

Avon

Rd

Pybu

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Sage Rd

Fire

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F letcher SmithRd

Halstead Store Rd

Kirkland Rd

Reu

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Bro

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Pow

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Mar

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Pilgr

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County Road 26

Tarv

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Roy

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Silcox

Rd

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Rd

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Rd

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Mas

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Lamp Brothers Rd

JQHa

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Hayb

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Rd

WhitakerRd

County Hwy -6

County Road 70

Pat Wells Rd

Bruner Mill Rd

Mill Place Rd

King Rd

Coun

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5

Coot Fowler Rd

Hudson

Rd

Aspen Rd

Don

zellRd

Allen Chapel Rd

Leo Pynes Rd

Mill

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Cou

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129

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OdomRd

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Ha

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Phillips Rd

Meadows Rd

Ka

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Dr

Mou

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Rd

Harvey Hicks Rd

Steg

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Brack

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Prospect Rd

Roscoe Dupriest Rd

Big Oak Rd

Sigma Pit Rd

Ca

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M

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Leon Barber Rd

Jack

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Davis Cherry Rd

Har

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Jess

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FiveBridges Rd

Dock

Lam

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Frye

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Nix Rd

Dill

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Rd

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MurboRd

FishP

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Bobby Hall Rd

County Road 16

CephusRollin

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DanfordRd

Whe

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Dr

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County Road 30

HughClark

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County R

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County Hwy -41

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Pilc

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Kare

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Schoolhouse St

Messer Rd

Crosby Rd

Kitts

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Strong Rd

Mac

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Dov

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Jeffc o at Blvd

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D3-1

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Primary US and StateHighways

Secondary State andCounty Highways

Minor Roads

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µ0 2 41

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0

280

110

140

180

90

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260

270

100

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120

240

290

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TallahasseeTallahasseeTallahasseeTallahassee

TroyTroyTroyTroy

PutneyPutneyPutneyPutney

EnterpriseEnterpriseEnterpriseEnterprise

ClioClioClioClio

BlakelyBlakelyBlakelyBlakely

ElbaElbaElbaElba

WebbWebbWebbWebb

MalvernMalvernMalvernMalvern

GenevaGenevaGenevaGeneva

NewtonNewtonNewtonNewton

KinseyKinseyKinseyKinsey

BainbridgeBainbridgeBainbridgeBainbridge

CairoCairoCairoCairo

HeadlandHeadlandHeadlandHeadland

AbbevilleAbbevilleAbbevilleAbbeville

DalevilleDalevilleDalevilleDaleville

FreeportFreeportFreeportFreeport

TaylorTaylorTaylorTaylor

SlocombSlocombSlocombSlocomb

QuincyQuincyQuincyQuincy

ColquittColquittColquittColquitt

BrundidgeBrundidgeBrundidgeBrundidge

Fort RuckerFort RuckerFort RuckerFort Rucker

CowartsCowartsCowartsCowarts

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CamillaCamillaCamillaCamilla

WestvilleWestvilleWestvilleWestville

AritonAritonAritonAriton

AshfordAshfordAshfordAshford

HartfordHartfordHartfordHartford

ClaytonClaytonClaytonClayton

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VernonVernonVernonVernon

Fort GainesFort GainesFort GainesFort Gaines

RehobethRehobethRehobethRehobeth

SneadsSneadsSneadsSneads

De Funiak SpringsDe Funiak SpringsDe Funiak SpringsDe Funiak Springs

PinckardPinckardPinckardPinckard

LearyLearyLearyLeary

PrestonPrestonPrestonPreston

New BrocktonNew BrocktonNew BrocktonNew Brockton

WoodvilleWoodvilleWoodvilleWoodville

PelhamPelhamPelhamPelham

BlackBlackBlackBlack

ChipleyChipleyChipleyChipley

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MidwayMidwayMidwayMidway

AvonAvonAvonAvon

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Midland CityMidland CityMidland CityMidland City

Union SpringsUnion SpringsUnion SpringsUnion Springs

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NewvilleNewvilleNewvilleNewville

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RichlandRichlandRichlandRichland

DawsonDawsonDawsonDawson

CottonwoodCottonwoodCottonwoodCottonwood

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GracevilleGracevilleGracevilleGraceville

GordonGordonGordonGordon

MaloneMaloneMaloneMalone

HaleburgHaleburgHaleburgHaleburg

ColumbiaColumbiaColumbiaColumbia

ArlingtonArlingtonArlingtonArlington

GreenwoodGreenwoodGreenwoodGreenwood

ChattahoocheeChattahoocheeChattahoocheeChattahoochee

CaryvilleCaryvilleCaryvilleCaryville

CuthbertCuthbertCuthbertCuthbert ShellmanShellmanShellmanShellman

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Ponce de LeonPonce de LeonPonce de LeonPonce de Leon

GeorgetownGeorgetownGeorgetownGeorgetown

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DonalsonvilleDonalsonvilleDonalsonvilleDonalsonville

LeslieLeslieLeslieLeslie

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LouisvilleLouisvilleLouisvilleLouisville

BlountstownBlountstownBlountstownBlountstown

AlthaAlthaAlthaAltha

SmithvilleSmithvilleSmithvilleSmithville

BristolBristolBristolBristol

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JakinJakinJakinJakin

ClayhatcheeClayhatcheeClayhatcheeClayhatchee

Blue SpringsBlue SpringsBlue SpringsBlue Springs

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BlufftonBlufftonBlufftonBluffton

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GrimesGrimesGrimesGrimes

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CampbelltonCampbelltonCampbelltonCampbellton

Coffee SpringsCoffee SpringsCoffee SpringsCoffee Springs

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TALLAHASSEE REGIONALTALLAHASSEE REGIONAL

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STHY 274STHY 274

STHY 37STHY 37

STHY 520

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STHY 167

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STHY 30STHY 30

STHY 239

STHY 239

ST

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STHY 32STHY 32

STH

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STHY 52

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ST

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Old 231

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CORD 67CORD 67

ST

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CORD 271

CORD 271

CORD 167

CORD 167

ST

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ST

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STHY 309

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STHY 312STHY 312

ST

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ST

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STHY 118

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CORD 280CORD 280

STHY 169

STHY 169

STHY 277

STHY 277

STH

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STH

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STHY

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ST

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STHY 110STHY 110

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STH

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CO

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ST

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ST

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CORD 278CORD 278

ST

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STH

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STH

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ST

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ST

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STHY 394STHY 394

ST

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CORD 185

CORD 185

STHY 308

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STHY 177

STHY 177

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STHY 276

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CORD 6

CORD 6

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STHY 248

STHY 248

STHY 285STHY 285

STHY 71

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STH

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CORD 279

CORD 279

ST

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CORD 269

CORD 269

CORD 159

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STHY 73STHY 73

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CC

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COR

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CO

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CORD 164a

CORD 164a

CORD 183 SCORD 183 S

Babcock RdBabcock Rd

Hwy 130Hwy 130

CORD 181 WCORD 181 W

CORD 357CORD 357

CORD 164CORD 164

CORD 170CORD 170

CORD 276CORD 276

CORD 181 E

CORD 181 E

CO

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CORD 183b

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STHY 260STHY 260

STHY

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Dix

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CORD 375

CORD 375

CORD 61

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STHY 300

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CORD 347

CORD 347

STHY 366STHY 366

CORD 276a

CORD 276a

CO

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OR

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STHY 185

STHY 185

CO

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CO

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River Rd

River Rd

Old 179

Old 179

CORD 10a

CORD 10a

CORD 151

CORD 151

ST

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188

ST

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188

STHY 3

STHY 3

STH

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STH

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W Tharpe StW Tharpe St

STHY 371STHY 371

Hasty Pond RdHasty Pond Rd

CORD 1CORD 1

Old

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STHY 259

STHY 259

STHY 280STHY 280

CORD 284CORD 284

CORD 165aCORD 165a

Nortek Blvd

Nortek Blvd

Pond C

hurch Rd

Pond C

hurch Rd

Dawson Rd

Dawson Rd

COR

D 183a

COR

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Old

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tedm

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ST

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193S

TH

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Ph

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Ph

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Clark AveClark Ave

Al Hwy 130Al Hwy 130

Lakep

oin

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Lakep

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t Rd

N W

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N W

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SpurSpur

CORD 162CORD 162

Head

land

Ave

Head

land

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CO

RD

89

CO

RD

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STHY 373aSTHY 373a

Bannerman Rd

Bannerman Rd

STHY 265STHY 265

CORD 269a

CORD 269a

CO

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OR

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Holly DrHolly Dr

Ed

ison

Ave

Ed

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Ave

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STHY 122

STHY 122

CO

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220C

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CORD 2aCORD 2a

S M

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S M

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School Bus RdSchool Bus Rd

CORD 40CORD 40

ST

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ST

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CORD 1084CORD 1084

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Spring C

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Spring C

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Old 179 N

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USHY 84 BusUSHY 84 Bus

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Ko

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Maclay Rd

Wes

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Wes

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E Burdeshaw St

E Burdeshaw St

OldOld

Pilgrim Rest Church Rd

Pilgrim Rest Church Rd

Kite RdKite Rd

Paul Russell Rd

Paul Russell Rd

Dal

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STHY 73bSTHY 73b

Bo

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STHY 280a

STHY 280a

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CORD 166CORD 166

Blairsto

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CO

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105

CO

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CORD 194CORD 194

Brickyard RdBrickyard Rd

Radium

Springs R

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Radium

Springs R

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CO

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264aC

OR

D 264a

Bates R

dB

ates Rd

Mars Hill Church Rd

Mars Hill Church Rd

CO

RD

123

CO

RD

123

Veld

a Dairy R

dV

elda D

airy Rd

Boykin RdBoykin Rd

Ho

neysu

ckle Rd

Ho

neysu

ckle Rd

CO

RD

59

CO

RD

59

Old U

S Rd

Old U

S Rd

Trojan Way

Trojan Way

N D

ou

bleg

ate Dr

N D

ou

bleg

ate Dr

Deerp

ath R

dD

eerpath

Rd

N M

aple S

tN

Map

le St

Cloverdale RdCloverdale Rd

W King StW King St

Scotts Ferry Xing

Scotts Ferry Xing

Line

view

Ln

Line

view

Ln

Gib

bs S

tG

ibb

s St

Whig

ham

Rd

Whig

ham

Rd

11th Ave11th Ave

STH

Y 6

1

STH

Y 6

1

CORD 276CORD 276

STHY 267

STHY 267

ST

HY

71S

TH

Y 71

CORD 270CORD 270

STHY 39

STHY 39

CO

RD

67

CO

RD

67

CORD 280CORD 280

STHY 62STHY 62

CORD 164CORD 164

ST

HY

45S

TH

Y 45

ST

HY

85S

TH

Y 85

CORD 164CORD 164

CORD 279

CORD 279

ST

HY

73

ST

HY

73

CORD 270CORD 270

STHY 62STHY 62

ST

HY

41S

TH

Y 41

STH

Y 167

STH

Y 167

STHY 52STHY 52

CORD 278CORD 278

CORD 278CORD 278

STH

Y 97

STH

Y 97

STH

Y 267

STH

Y 267

STHY 12

STHY 12

STHY 65STHY 65

ST

HY

95S

TH

Y 95

STHY 91STHY 91

ST

HY

363S

TH

Y 363

ST

HY

45S

TH

Y 45

STHY 9

1

STHY 9

1

Old 179 NOld 179 N

STHY 262STHY 262

STHY 134

STHY 134

STH

Y 51

STH

Y 51

CO

RD

164C

OR

D 164

CO

RD

173C

OR

D 173

ST

HY

39

ST

HY

39

STHY 12STHY 12

STHY 93

STHY 93

STHY 93STHY 93

STHY 71

STHY 71

ST

HY

179S

TH

Y 179

STHY 37

STHY 37

STHY 52

STHY 52

STHY 95

STHY 95

CORD 280

CORD 280

STHY 77

STHY 77S

THY

153

STH

Y 1

53

ST

HY

87

ST

HY

87

CORD 1

9

CORD 1

9

Nortek BlvdNortek Blvd

CO

RD

271

CO

RD

271

STHY 27STHY 27

STHY 91

STHY 91

CORD 1

59

CORD 1

59

ST

HY

167S

TH

Y 167

ST

HY

83S

TH

Y 83

ST

HY

275S

TH

Y 275

STH

Y 51

STH

Y 51

STH

Y 45

STH

Y 45

STHY

273

STHY

273

STHY 27

STHY 27

STH

Y 9

5

STH

Y 9

5

STHY 39STHY 39

STHY 93STHY 93

STHY 134STHY 134

Old

179O

ld 179

STHY 27STHY 27

CORD 162CORD 162

ST

HY

87S

TH

Y 87

Old 179 N

Old 179 N

STHY

97

STHY

97

STHY 309

STHY 309

ST

HY

195

ST

HY

195

CO

RD

69aC

OR

D 69a

STHY 45

STHY 45

STHY

71

STHY

71

CORD 69a

CORD 69a

ST

HY

12S

TH

Y 12

CORD 276a

CORD 276a

ST

HY

77S

TH

Y 77

CO

RD

271C

OR

D 271

STHY 65

STHY 65

STHY 32STHY 32

CORD 278CORD 278

STHY 123

STHY 123

ST

HY

45S

TH

Y 45

STHY 253STHY 253

CO

RD

277

CO

RD

277

River R

dR

iver Rd

ST

HY

93S

TH

Y 93

STHY 12STHY 12

STHY 27

STHY 27

ST

HY

73S

TH

Y 73

CORD 278CORD 278

ST

HY

71S

TH

Y 71

ST

HY

39S

TH

Y 39 S

TH

Y 41

ST

HY

41

Apalachicola NFApalachicola NF

Jimmy Carter NHSJimmy Carter NHS

5 0 5 10 15 20 252.5Miles

Joseph M. Farley Nuclear PlantIngestion Planning Zone

50 Mile RadiusVersion 0.0

Legend

Farley Nuclear Plant

Airport Area

Runway

Parks

Lakes

Swamp or Marsh

City Limits

RoadsLimited Access Higwhay

US Highway

State Highway

Railroads

Streams

50 Mile IPZ Grid

86

RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY BRIEFING – RECEPTION CENTER

All Emergency Workers will be issued the following equipment:

o Radiation Exposure Recordo Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD card)

o Fill out Radiation Exposure Record informationo Low Range Pocket Dosimeter (0-200mR)

o Fill out Radiation Exposure Record informationo Black

o High Range Pocket Dosimeter (0-20R)o Fill out Radiation Exposure Record informationo Yellow

o Maximum Radiation Dosage Limit Card (green card)o Potassium Iodide (KI) will be issued by ADPH KI Nurse. DO NOT TAKE UNTIL TOLD TO DO SO BY

EMA.

When reading your dosimeter, point toward a good light source. Read through the clip end.Keep the scale in the horizontal position to assure an accurate reading.

Read your dosimeters every 30 minutes, and record on your radiation exposure record. The TLD card is your permanent record and cannot be read in the field. Read your dosimeters and record on the Radiation Exposure Record at least every 30 minutes.

o Seek relief at 100mR (black dosimeter)o Do not wait until the dosimeter is on 100mR before requesting relief; call when it’s

approaching 100mR. Your TLD and dosimeters should be worn in your black pouch on the outside of your clothing. If you reach the limit on your black low range dosimeter (200mR), use your yellow high range

dosimeter (20R). Authorization to exceed emergency worker exposure guidelines must be obtained from the

State Health Officer prior to any exposure limit being exceeded. This will be done through thelocal EMA office.

Remember to stay in contact with your department’s safety officer. If you have any questions, contact the local EMA office at ###-###-#### (--------- County EMA)

for assistance.

<read the green card dosimetry limits>

Outside Vehicle Decontamination:

o All outside personnel will wear turnout fire gear or OREX water resistant coveralls with faceshield, water repellant booties, and gloves.

Inside Personnel Decontamination:

o All inside personnel will wear OREX coveralls with face shield, shoe covers, and gloves. Follow all donning and doffing directions when putting PPE on and taking PPE off. Do not eat, drink, chew gum, smoke, dip, apply make-up, or put on lip balm while on duty as an

emergency worker.

87

1. Fill out and turn in feedback form

2. Return survey meter to container.

3. Return portal monitor to container.

4. KEEP book

5. KEEP green card

Contactless PEM Assessment

https://bit.ly/adphfeedback

88

RADIOLOGICAL EMERGENCY ASSISTANCECONTACTS

USE FOR INCIDENTS INVOLVING RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL

24-hourState EOC Communication Center

(205) 280-2310(800) 843-0699

If contact is not established, please call:Alabama Radiation Control Duty Officer

(334) 324-0076

For additional contacts, please call the following:

Radiation Control Office (334) 290-6244

*Current as of January 1, 2021

*Destroy allEarlier Editions

David TurbervilleMyron RileyNick SwindallNeil MarylandKevin HicksCason Coan

(334) 314-6323(334) 224-4035(334) 322-8397 (334) 322-8010(334) 314-6326(334) 320-3457

NAME CELL

21Alabama Department of Public HealthOffice of Radiation Control

Prattville, ALADPH-RAD-1/REV.10-21

BASIC RADIATION TRAINING - Alabama Department of ...

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