Colemania, Number 21, pp. 1-31 1 Published : 30 September 2010 ISSN 0970-3292 © Kumar Ghorpadé

Additions to the Aphelinidae of India (Hymenoptera—Chalcidoidea) : 1. On species of Ablerus Howard, Coccobius Ratzeburg, Coccophagus Westwood, Pteroptrix Westwood, and Idiococcobius Hayat gen. nov.

MOHAMMAD HAYAT and F. R. KHAN Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, India. E-mail: mohd_hayat@rediffmail.com

Abstract. This paper deals with additional records of Aphelinidae species, belonging to the genera Ablerus, Coccobius, Coccophagus, Pteroptrix and Idiococcobius Hayat, gen. nov., from India. The following 13 spp. nov. are named and described: Ablerus xenex Hayat, Coccobius aspidiellae Hayat, C. assamensis Hayat, C. cosibus Hayat, C. himalayanus Hayat, C. himpradianus Hayat, and C. phoebus Hayat, Coccophagus fumadus Hayat, C. meghaianus Hayat, Idiococcobius encarsoides Hayat, Pteroptrix aster Hayat, P. matpada Hayat, and P. zoza Hayat. The following species are noted as first records from India: Ablerus williamsi (Annecke & Insley), Coccobius bifasciatus (Ishii), C. debachi (Compere & Annecke), and Coccophagus longifasciatus Howard. In addition, other known species from India are also included. Revised keys are given to Indian species of Coccobius Ratzeburg and Pteroptrix Westwood.

Introduction A decade ago Hayat (1998) published a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the Indian Aphelinidae. It included 180 species in 21 genera known up until 1997. Later, Zolnerowich & Rose (1998) described Eretmocerus hayati based on specimens taken in India and Pakistan. From 1999, the following additions to species of Indian Aphelinidae have been published: Ablerus connectens Silvestri (Hayat & Anis, 2004), Myiocnema comperei Ashmead (Hayat et al., 2007), Coccophagus parlobatae Hayat, (2007), Encarsia bimaculata Heraty & Polaszek (2000); E. strenua (Silvestri) (Recorded by Heraty & Polaszek, 2000); E. dispersa Polaszek in Polaszek et al. (2004); E. levo Hayat (2006); E. interstrica Huang & Polaszek, E. perplexa Huang & Polaszek (Recorded by Hayat, 2006); E. nigricephala (Dozier), E. haitiensis (Dozier), E. guadeloupae Viggiani, and E. pergandiella (Howard), recorded by Antony et al.( 2006). (Heraty & Polaszek, 2000; Polaszek et al., 2004; Hayat, 2006; Antony et al., 2006). A total of 21 genera and 194 species of Aphelinidae are so far known from India. Encarsiella Hayat (1983) was synonymised with Encarsia Foerster by Schmidt & Polaszek (2007), but Myiocnema was added to the Indian genera by Hayat et al. (2007). With the additions made in this paper, there exist 22 genera and 211 species known from India. Extensive recent collections of Aphelinidae (and other Chalcidoidea) have been made, especially from 2006 onwards, in the Indian States of Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Orissa, Punjab, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. These samplings have yielded a large number of species of the genera Ablerus Howard, Aphelinus Dalman, Centrodora Foerster, Coccobius Ratzeburg, Coccophagoides Girault, Coccophagus Westwood, Encarsia Foerster, Eretmocerus Haldeman, and Pteroptrix Westwood. We therefore plan to publish a series of papers on these additions to the aphelinid fauna of India.

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The present paper is the first in this new series, and deals with species of Ablerus, Coccobius, Coccophagus, Pteroptrix and a newly discovered genus Idiococcobius Hayat gen. nov. In all, some 13 species are described as new and 10 other species are also included, of which 4 are first records from India. Revised keys to species of Coccobius and Pteroptrix are also given. Morphological terminology given in Hayat (1998) is followed here. Complete literature citations, and illustrations, are given only for species recorded for the first time from India. Generally, colour and body lengths were noted from carded specimens before clearing and mounting these in balsam on glass slides. Note: Names of new species described here, unless noted otherwise, are to be regarded as derived from an arbitrary combination of alphabetical letters. The following abbreviations are used for depositories cited : NPC National Pusa Collections, Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural

Research Institute, New Delhi, India. USNM U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,

Washington, DC, U.S.A. ZDAMU Insect Collections, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University,

Aligarh, India.

Genus ABLERUS Howard, 1894 This genus has 11 species (one based on male only, female unknown here) so far found in India (Hayat, 1998, Hayat & Anis, 2004). Hayat (1998) has also included 4 indetermined species in the key to species. In the present paper, one species is described as new and one species is recorded for the first time from India. We have also a further two species related to A. aligarhensis (Khan & Shafee), A. aonidiellae Hayat and A. gargarae Hayat, but their identities can not presently be established, and will be considered later.

Ablerus chionaspidis (Howard) Ablerus chionaspidis (Howard): Hayat, 1998: 130; ♀♂, redescription, figures, hosts,

distribution, synonymy.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 2♂, 1♀. INDIA: Uttar Pradesh: Bahraich, Tikona Mod, 1♀ (on slide), 1.x.2006 (F.R. Khan); Orissa: Khorda, Kadurai, 1♂ (on slide), 3.xii.2007 (F.R. Khan); Khorda, Harrajpur, 1♂ (on slide), 4.xii.2007 (F.R. Khan). [ ZDAMU, Aligarh ].

Ablerus delhiensis (Lal) Ablerus delhiensis (Lal): Hayat, 1998: 132; ♀♂, redescription, figures, hosts, distribution,

synonymy.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 4♀, 2♂. INDIA: Uttar Pradesh: Bahraich, Tikona Mod, 4♀ 2♂, (1♀ 1♂ on two slides), 1.x.2006 (F.R. Khan) [ ZDAMU, Aligarh ].

Ablerus williamsi (Annecke & Insley) (Figs 56–59) Azotus williamsi Annecke & Insley, 1970: 244; ♀♂, Holotype ♀ Mauritius, Tamarin. Ablerus williamsi (Annecke & Insley): Hayat, 1994: 84.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 1♂, 1♀. INDIA: Orissa: Cuttack, Kanderpur, 1♀ (on slide), 22.xi.2007 (F.R. Khan). Assam: Kamrup, Boodapahar, 1♂, 30.x.2008 (F.R. Khan) [ ZDAMU, Aligarh ]. REMARKS: The female from Orissa is identified as A. williamsi as it agrees fairly well with the original description, except for the following minor differences: fore wing with subapical infuscate band complete, presence of greater number of

HAYAT & KHAN: Indian Aphelinidae—1 3 setae (14) behind stigmal vein, mid and hind tibiae with only apices pale, F2 dark brown in about basal third, and F4 dark brown in about basal two-thirds. In williamsi, as described by Annecke & Insley (1970), the apical band of fore wing in posterior half is faint, only 6 are setae present behind stigmal vein, mid and hind tibiae white on distal fourths or so, F2 white, only about basal half of F4 brown. As this is the first record of A. williamsi from India, it is illustrated here (Figs 56 – 59).

Ablerus xenex Hayat, sp. nov. (Figs 60–65)

This species is extremely close to A. pexus (Huang, 1994) and is therefore described here, in relation to pexus, and its coloration is described in detail.

FEMALE: Length, 0.83 mm. (excluding exserted ovipositor, 0.10 mm). Head white, with occiput beginning slightly above foramen to malar space dark brown; thorax and gaster dark brown; third valvula, except white apex, dark brown. Mandible with apex black. Antenna with scape, apex of pedicel, F2, and F4 white; basal two-thirds of pedicel brown; F1 (except for pale basal third), F3 and clava dark brown (Fig. 65). Fore wing infuscation as in Fig. 64; hind wing lightly infuscate under all of marginal vein to posterior margin. Legs dark brown except white apices of tibiae; basitarsus and last tarsal segments of all legs brown; tarsal segments 2-4 white. Relative dimensions of head and setae as in Fig. 62. Mandible with two distinct teeth followed by 4 small denticles (Fig. 63). Antenna as in Fig. 65. Thorax as in Figs. 60 and 61, sculpture same as in pexus; mid lobe, each side lobe, each axilla and scutellum with 2+2, 2, 1, 2+2 setae. Fore wing as in Fig. 64; a bunch of dark setae just behind proximal end of marginal vein present. Gaster as in Fig. 60; 1.62× as long as thorax; T VIII short, including the apical white part, about as long as broad; exserted part of ovipositor 0.23× gaster length. Relative measurements: ovipositor length, 114; third valvula length, 38 [Lengths: mid tibia, 42; mid basitarsus, 13; mid tibial spur, 11].

MALE: Unknown.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀. Holotype ♀ (on slide under 3 coverslips; left fore wing missing): INDIA: Sikkim: Gangtok, Deragaon, 2.vi.2008 (F.R. Khan). [ NPC, New Delhi; Registration No. 13/6/81/1 ].

HOST: Unknown. DISTRIBUTION: India (Sikkim). REMARKS: This new species, as noted above, is close to A. pexus (Huang) in several characters including colour and dimensions of antennal segments, discal setation of the fore wing, and sculpture of the tergites of thorax. But differs from pexus in having the fore wing infuscated from base to slightly distad of stigmal vein, and this infuscation is continued on disc in a curved band which is medially connected to apex of the wing; third valvulae with apices white; ovipositor 2.71× as long as mid tibia; and second valvifer 2× as long as third valvula. [In pexus: fore wing illustrated as hyaline beyond distal half of marginal vein (but with dark coloured setae corresponding with the infuscated parts in the new species); third valvulae completely dark brown; ovipositor 3× as long as mid tibia; and second valvifer 2.35× as long as third valvula.].

Genus COCCOBIUS Ratzeburg, 1852

The genus Coccobius is represented in the Indian fauna by 7 species, one based only on a male (Hayat, 1998). In this paper, six species are described as new, two more species are recorded for the first time from India, and material pertaining to two other known species is also recorded. A key to females of these now 14 known Indian species is given. NOTES ON THE KEY: Hayat (1998) gave a key to the then known Indian species of Coccobius. To accommodate the species included in this paper that key had to be revised thoroughly. Two of these species key out at two different couplets each, because the colour of the thorax, though brown in carded specimens, becomes pale brown after clearing and mounting on slides, and this may cause confusion to users of the key.

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Key to Indian species of Coccobius (females)

1. Head and thorax (also gaster) yellow and appearing translucent white in cleared and slide-mounted specimens, with at most pale brown suffusions on thorax and gaster; if the thorax appears completely pale brown or brown, then key the specimen via the alternative (in Indian species F2 at least partially brown) ........................................... 2

- Either head or thorax, or both, completely or partially dark brown to nearly black ........ 5 2. Fore wing less than 3× as long as broad (Fig. 25).......................................................... 3 - Fore wing at least slightly more than 3× as long as broad (Fig. 27) ............................... 4 3. Fore wing with marginal fringe longer than one-third wing width (Fig. 25), mid lobe of

mesoscutum with cellulate-reticulate sculpture, cells large and longitudinally drawn-out (Fig. 23); scutellum with 2+1 (should be 2+2) setae; second valvifer 3.04× as long as third valvula. Gaster dark brown. [also couplet 7]...... himalayanus Hayat, sp. nov.

- Fore wing with marginal fringe short, at most one-fifth wing width; mid lobe largely with cellulate-reticulate sculpture, cells relatively small and hardly elongate in centre; scutellum with 4-6 setae (2+2, 3+3); second valvifer 3.6 – 3.9× as long as third valvula ......................................................................... fulvus (Compere & Annecke)

4. Fore wing long, 3.79× as long as broad, with marginal fringe one quarter wing width, and

with club-shaped bare area in basal third (Fig. 35) ; ovipositor about 2× as long as mid tibia (Figs 32,33); F2 and F3 brown on upper surface, becoming yellow on lower surface (Fig. 34) (Thorax brown). [also couplet 7].............. assamensis Hayat, sp. nov.

- Fore wing 3.23 – 3.34× as long as broad, with marginal fringe about one-fifth (or slightly more), wing width (Fig. 27); ovipositor 1.52 -1.80× as long as mid tibia (Figs 29,30); F2 in about basal half brown; distal half of F2, and F3 white (Fig. 26)……………………………………………………………………….phoebus Hayat, sp. nov.

5. Head largely pale yellow to white, at most brown across occiput or below foramen and on

malar space; gaster with no dark brown bands laterally from base to cercal plates ................................................................................................................................ 6

- Head dark brown to black; if frontovertex pale yellow to white, then gaster white with dark brown bands laterally from base to cercal plates ................................................ 8

6. Thorax (and gaster) dark brown; stigmal vein with a very thin neck and an expanded

tigma (Fig. 37); mid lobe of mesoscutum and scutellum largely with fine, lineolate-reticulate sculpture (Fig. 38); only F1 and clava dark brown (Fig. 36); F2 very slightly longer than broad and shorter than F1)….................... himpradianus Hayat, sp. nov.

- Thorax brown or brown-yellow; sculpture of mid lobe and scutellum different; stigmal vein normal (Fig. 25); at least F2 partly or completely brown, clava dark brown (Figs 24,34) ......................................................................................................................... 7

7. Fore wing less than 3× (2.85×) as long as broad, with marginal fringe slightly longer than

one-third wing width (Fig. 25); scape 4× as long as broad; ovipositor 1.56× as long as mid tibia; scutellum with 2+1 (should be 4) setae; F1, and F2 largely, dark brown (Fig. 24) [also couplet 3] ............................................ himalayanus Hayat, sp. nov.

- Fore wing 3.79x as long as broad, with marginal fringe one-quarter wing width; scape less than 3x as long as broad; ovipositor 2.0× as long as mid tibia; scutellum with 6 setae; F1 dark brown, F2 and F3 brown on upper surface, yellow on lower surface (Fig. 34) [also couplet 4] .............................................. assamensis Hayat, sp. nov.

8. Gaster white to yellow, with sharply defined dark brown to black longitudinal band on

each side from base to cercal plates, or distinct spots on each side of tergites 1-6 (Figs 52,54)……………………………………………………................................................ 9

- Gaster white to yellow, with brown suffusions on sides, but these not sharply defined, and diffuse over the dorsum and venter, or more or less completely dark brown .... 11

9. Pedicel and flagellum white to pale yellow; mid lobe of mesoscutum with cellulate-

reticulate sculpture, the cells largely longitudinally drawn out..... aligarhensis (Hayat) - Pedicel white, but flagellum with F1 dark brown, clava brown to dark brown (Fig. 55);

mid lobe of mesoscutum largely with cellulate-reticulate sculpture, cells at most slightly elongate ....................................................................................................... 10

10. Scutellum largely with elongate-reticulate sculpture, laterally and medially (0.16× of

scutellum width) lineolate-reticulate and with 6 setae; second valvifer about 3× as long as third valvula; ovipositor 1.79 × as long as mid tibia; fore wing 2.56 × as long as

HAYAT & KHAN: Indian Aphelinidae—1 5

broad, without distinct bare area at base; F1 very slightly, almost imperceptibly, longer than F2, clava dark brown as F1 (Fig. 53) .............................. bifasciatus (Ishii)

- Scutellum with elongate-reticulate sculpture, the cells relatively less elongate and less narrower than in the alternate, and with 4 setae; second valvifer 3.5× as long as third valvula; ovipositor 1.31× as long as mid tibia; fore wing 2.7× as long as broad, with distinct, larger bare area at base; F1 very slightly shorter than F2; clava brownish-yellow, paler than F1 (Fig. 55) ............................. debachi (Compere & Annecke)

11. Fore wing at least 3× as long as broad, with a distinct club-shaped bare area in basal

third (Figs. 43, 48) .................................................................................. 12 - Fore wing less than 3×as long as broad, without a distinct club-shaped bare area in

basal third .................................................................................................... 14 12. Head or thorax or both dark brown to black; gaster dark brown, medially light brown or

brown- yellow ....................................................................................... ... 13 - Head, pro- and meso-thoracic dorsum dark brown, metanotum and propodeum pale

yellow; gaster pale yellow with pale brown suffusions laterally (Fig. 51); reticulate cells on mid lobe and scutellum aciculate (Fig. 45). (Fore wing 3.08-3.20× as long as broad; marginal fringe length variable, 0.15-0.31× wing width, Figs. 43, 44; antenna pale yellow to white, at most with pale brown suffusions on second segment of clava, Figs 39-42) ….............................................................................. cosibus Hayat, sp. nov.

13. Head dark brown; thorax largely testaceous, partly brown; gaster dark brown; ovipositor at least 2× as long as mid tibia; head, in front view, about 1.2× as broad as high; frontovertex width about 0.5× head width; eye length 2.4×as long as malar space ...................................................................................................... mirus Hayat

- Head and thorax dark brown to black, gaster dark brown with mesal third to half of dorsum dark brown-yellow; ovipositor less than 2× (1.77–1.84×) as long as mid tibia; head, in front view, 1.39× as broad as high; frontovertex width about 0.60× head width; eye length 1.50×as long as malar space .............. aspidiellae Hayat, sp. nov.

14. Head, pronotum, and mid lobe of mesoscutum, partly or completely, dark brown to

black; rest of thorax dark testaceous yellow to pale yellow, appearing translucent white in cleared and slide-mounted specimens ................................................................. 15

- Head, and thoracic dorsum dark brown to black ...................................................... 16 15. Mid lobe of mesoscutum largely with transversely drawn-out cells; antennal clava

brown, paler than F1 or about as pale as F2 and F3; specimens of reticulatus rarely run to this couplet [also couplet 16] .................. reticulatus (Compere & Annecke)

- Mid lobe of mesoscutum with irregular polygonal cells or cellulate-reticulate; clava as dark as F1 and darker in contrast than F2 and F3 which are pale yellow to white ........................................................................................................ comperei (Hayat)

16. Antennal clava pale brown, paler than F1; mid lobe of mesoscutum with reticulate

sculpture, the cells largely transversely drawn-out [also couplet 15] ............................................................................ reticulatus (Compere & Annecke)

- Clava dark brown as F1; mid lobe with fine, cellulate-reticulate sculpture of mostly polygonal cells ......................................................................... udakamundus Hayat

Coccobius aspidiellae Hayat, sp. nov. (Figs 47-50) FEMALE: Length 0.68–0.93mm. Head and thorax dark brown to black; gaster dark brown, becoming brown in mesal third to half; T VII pale brown, apically yellow. Antenna with scape pale yellow, very lightly infuscate brown; pedicel nearly white with upper third to half brown; F1 and clava dark brown; F2 and F3 pale to dark yellow or pale brown-yellow (Fig. 47). Wings hyaline. Legs with all coxae dark brown; rest of legs pallid white; but sometimes fore femur in basal half pale brown. Head on slide gets slightly distorted or frons gets shrunken, but in one paratype (Fig. 49), head width 1.39× head height; frontovertex 0.6× head width; eye about 1.5× as long as malar space; ocellar triangle with apical angle slightly obtuse; POL at least about 2.3× OOL; posterior ocellus about 2.5× diameter of an ocellus to eye margin; setae on frontovertex pale brown, others translucent; eyes setose, setae translucent, and each about as long as a facet. Antenna as in Fig. 47. Thorax. Mid lobe with cellulate-reticulate sculpture, the cells small and polygonal; scutellum with elongate-reticulate sculpture, almost similar to that in C. mirus Hayat (Hayat, 1998: Fig. 790); mid lobe subequal in length to scutellum; mesopostphragma, measured from apex of scutellum, (in three specimens) 1.2–1.3× as long as scutellum; mid lobe with 40-52 setae; each side lobe and scutellum with 2 and 6 setae. Fore wing 3.04–

6 Colemania No. 21

3.25× as long as broad; marginal fringe about 0.15× wing width; wing with a large, bare, club-shaped area in basal third (Fig. 48); marginal vein subequal in length to costal cell; postmarginal vein absent. Hind wing 5.58× as long as broad, marginal fringe 0.46× wing width. Gaster. Setae on T VI, 4 between cercal plates; T VII with about 20 setae. Relative measurements (holotype; range given in parentheses): ovipositor length, 85 (79-85); third valvula length, 22 (18-22). [Lengths: mid tibia, 48 (44-48); mid basitarsus, 12.24; mid tibial spur, 9].

MALE: Differs from female in antennal structure and genitalia. Body colour almost as in female; antenna pale brown, with darker longitudinal sensilla; legs with coxae, basal half of fore femur, mid femur except apical third and hind femur except apex, dark brown; tibiae yellow, suffused with brown; all other parts pale yellow. Antenna as in Fig. 50. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 9♂, 9♀. Holotype ♀ (on slide under coverslip on left): INDIA: Kerala: Calicut, 20.v.1995, ex Aspidiella hartii on turmeric (S. Devasahayam). [ NPC, New Delhi; regn # 13/6/81/2—recd from IISR, Kerala ]. Paratypes: 8♀, 9♂, with same data as for holotype. The females bear IISR Nos 19-95, the males, #20-95. Seven females and 6 males on 5 slides, 3 males on a card. One paratype (on the same slide as holotype, but under separate coverslip). [ 2♂, NPC, New Delhi; regn # 13/6/81/3; 7♂8♀, ZDAMU, Aligarh; regn # HYM.CH.586]. HOST: Aspidiella hartii on turmeric, Curcuma longa. DISTRIBUTION: India (Kerala). ETYMOLOGY: The species name is derived from the generic name of the host insect (Hemiptera: Coccoidea). REMARKS: This new species differs from the related Indian species by the characters given in the key. It differs from African, Palaearctic, Nearctic and Australian species, by the following combination of characters: completely dark brown body colour; only coxae dark brown; fore wing at least slightly more than 3× as long as broad; presence of a club-shaped bare area in basal third of fore wing; scutellum with elongate-reticulate sculpture appearing almost lineolate-reticulate; ovipositor 1.77–1.84× as long as mid tibia (see Hayat, 1985, 1998; Huang, 1994; Prinsloo, 1995; Evans & Pedata, 1997; Pedata, 1999). Coccobius assamensis Hayat, sp. nov. (Figs 32–35) FEMALE: Head yellow, thorax and gaster brown. Antenna with scape and pedicel largely white except pale brown dorsal surface of scape and about basal third of pedicel; F1, and clava dark brown; F2 and F3 brown in about upper half and yellow in lower half, but these appear paler on slide (Fig. 34). Wings hyaline. Legs, including fore and mid coxae, pale yellow brown; hind coxa on outer surface dark brown; hind femur and tibia yellow brown. Head (slightly distorted on slide), with frontovertex width 0.63× head width; setae on head and eyes translucent white; each seta on eyes nearly as long as a facet; POL about 2.5× as long as OOL; posterior ocelli about 1.5× diameter of an ocellus to eye margin. Antenna as in Fig. 34; F1 shorter than pedicel and F3; F2 slightly shorter than F1 and F3; F1-2 each about 1.5× as long as broad, F3 about 1.3× as long as broad; clava slightly shorter than funicle. Thorax. Pronotum with several setae, and (as usual for the genus) with one setae at each posterolateral corner longer; mid lobe slightly longer than scutellum, and with 20 setae; scutellum with 6 setae; sculpture about as in C. phoebus, sp. nov. (as in Fig. 31), but faint, visible at higher magnification; mesopostphragma, measured from apex of scutellum, 1.58× as long as scutellum. Fore wing long and narrow, 3.79× as long as broad, with marginal fringe 0.25×wing width; setation and venation as in Fig. 35; note the larger, club-shaped bare area in basal triangle. Hind wing 8× as long as broad; marginal fringe slightly longer than wing width (6.5: 6.25). Gaster. Tergite VI with 4 setae between cercal plates; TVII, with 20 setae. Relative measurements: ovipositor length, 61; third valvula length, 14 [Lengths: mid tibia, 30; mid basitarsus, 8; mid tibial spur, 6]. MALE: Unknown.

HAYAT & KHAN: Indian Aphelinidae—1 7 SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀. Holotype ♀ (on slide under 3 coverslips). INDIA: Assam: Guwahati, Koylajol, 29.x.2008 (F.R. Khan)[ NPC, New Delhi; regn # 3/6/81/4].

HOST: Unknown. DISTRIBUTION: India (Assam). REMARKS: This new species appears close to C. octavia (Girault) and C. popei (Girault) (see Hayat, 1985, for redescription, key, figures), though it does not run to these species in the key to species given by Hayat (1985), because of colour differences. It differs from these two and other species of the genus by the colour of thorax, gaster, antennal segments, relative lengths of ovipositor, third valvula, mid tibia and mid basitarsus, and especially in having very long fore wings (3.79× as long as broad), long marginal fringe (0.25× wing width) and presence of a club-shaped bare area in basal third. In this latter character, this new species comes close to C. graminis Prinsloo, but differs in body colour, colour of antennal segments, relative dimensions of antennal segments and relative lengths of ovipositor, third valvula, mid tibia and mid basitarsus (see Prinsloo, 1995). Coccobius bifasciatus (Ishii) (Figs 52, 53) Physcus bifasciatus Ishii, 1938: 31; ♀ Japan, Nagasaki. Coccobius bifasciatus (Ishii): Hayat, 1985: 294. Key.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀. INDIA: West Bengal: New Jalpaiguri, Chhat Purdanpura, 1♀ (on slide), 30.v.2008 (F.R. Khan) [ ZDAMU, Aligarh ].

REMARKS: This species is known mainly from the redescription and illustrations of the holotype provided by Ishihara (1977: 101, Figs 5G, 7F, 8B, E) and is known so far only from the type locality (Nagasaki, Japan). The Indian specimen agrees fairly well with this redescription and figures. Figures of the body and antenna are given here (Figs. 52, 53), and some relative measurements are given in the key to distinguish it from the Indian specimen identified as debachi.

Coccobius comperei (Hayat) Coccobius comperei (Hayat): Hayat, 1998: 254; ♀ redescription, figs, key, host, distribution.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀. INDIA: Orissa: Puri, Matia pada, 1♀ (on slide), 1.xii.2007 (F.R. Khan) [ ZDAMU, Aligarh ].

REMARKS: This species was known from Karnataka and Kerala and is here now recorded also from Orissa.

Coccobius cosibus Hayat, sp. nov. (Figs 39–46, 51)

FEMALE: Length (carded specimens before mounting on slides), 0.52–0.77mm; thorax+gaster (on slides), 0.53–0.83mm. Head, pro- and meso-thoracic dorsum dark brown to nearly black; metanotum, propodeum and gaster yellow; gaster laterally with pale brown suffusions (Fig. 51), pro- and mesopleura pale brown to brown. Antenna pallid (appears translucent white after cleaning and mounting on slide), rarely pedicel, F1 infuscate pale brown; second segment of clava pale brown to pallid. Wings hyaline. Legs completely pallid. Head gets distorted variously on slide, but in one specimen (paratype) head in front view, 1.4× as broad as high; frontovertex 0.5× head width; ocellar triangle with apical angle obtuse, POL 3.22× as long as OOL; posterior ocelli slightly more than one ocellus diameter to eye margins; eyes setose, setae translucent white and each seta about as long as a facet. Antenna (Figs 39–42) with segments variable; F1 as long as to slightly shorter than pedicel, in one specimen (Fig. 42) distinctly shorter than pedicel; F2 as long as to slightly shorter than F1 or F3; clava about as long as funicle. Thorax. Relative dimensions of sclerites, and sculpture on mid lobe and scutellum as in Fig. 45, the cells aciculate; setae on scutellum vary from 3+3 to 4+4, in one specimen 4+5; mid lobe slightly longer than scutellum (43:40); mesopostphragma, measured from apex of scutellum, 1.27× as long as scutellum. Fore wing (Figs 43, 44) 3.08–3.20× as long as broad; marginal fringe generally at least one-quarter wing width (0.23–0.31× wing width) but in

8 Colemania No. 21 three specimens 0.15–0.18× wing width. Hind wing 7× as long as broad, marginal fringe slightly longer than wing width (7.50: 7.37). Gaster, depending on preservation, 1.30-1.62× as long as thorax; ovipositor not exserted; setae (in holotype) on TVI, 4 between cercal plates; TVII, 15; ovipositor 1.43–1.65× as long as mid tibia; second valvifer 2.64–3.73× as long as third valvula. Relative measurements (holotype): ovipositor length, 112; third valvula length, 26 [Mid tibia, 70]. MALE: Body completely dark brown. Antennal scape and pedicel brown; flagellum yellow, with sensilla dark brown. Legs: coxae and hind femur, except pale apex, dark brown; fore and mid femora, except apices, brown; tibiae brown, apically pallid. Structurally similar to female except antennae (Fig. 46) and genitalia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 5♂, 9♀. Holotype ♀ (on slide under 3 coverslips): INDIA: Meghalaya: Shillong, Tyrsad, 24.x.2008 (F.R. Khan) [ NPC, New Delhi; regn # 13/6/81/5 ]. Paratypes: (all on slides): INDIA: Meghalaya: Shillong, Tyrsad, 2♂, 24.x.2008 (F.R. Khan); Ri Bhoi, Kyrdem, 1♀, 25.x.2008 (F.R. Khan); Jowai, Thaldskin, 4♀3♂, 22.x.2008 (F.R. Khan). Orissa: Bhubaneswar, Benipur, 1♀, 26.xi.2007 (F.R. Khan); Khorda, Kadurai, 1♀, 3.xii.2007 (F.R. Khan). Himachal Pradesh: Hamirpur, Buduai, 1♀, 30.vi.2006 (S.M.A. Badruddin & F.R. Khan) [ 2♂ NPC, New Delhi; regn # 13/6/81/6, and 3♂8♀ ZDAMU, Aligarh; regn # HYM.CH.585 ].

HOST: Unknown. DISTRIBUTION: India (Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Orissa). REMARKS: This new species keys out to couplet 26 in the key to species given by Hayat (1985). It runs to C. binotatus Prinsloo in the key to South African species given by Prinsloo (1995), but differs from it mainly in the following characters: antennal clava at least about as long as funicle; cells on mid lobe and scutellum larger and aciculate; fore wing at least slightly more than 3× as long as broad; marginal fringe 0.15–0.31× wing width; ovipositor 1.43–1.65× as long as mid tibiae and 3.64–4.73× as long as third valvulae. In binotatus: clava shorter than funicle but at least slightly longer than F2 and F3 combined; cellulate sculpture on mid lobe and scutellum with cells very small, and not aciculate; fore wing about 2.7× as long as broad; marginal fringe 0.05–0.1× wing width; ovipositor stylets 1.7–1.8× as long as mid tibiae, and 4.6–4.8× as long as third valvulae. Coccobius debachi (Compere & Annecke) (Figs 54, 55) Physcus debachi Compere & Annecke, 1961: 23; ♀♂, Syntypes: Burma (=Myanmar) and

Thailand. Coccobius debachi (Compere & Annecke): Hayat, 1985: 296. Key. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀. INDIA: West Bengal: Darjeeling, Sirobari, 1♀ (on slide), 15.vi.2008 (F.R. Khan) [ ZDAMU, Aligarh ].

REMARKS: The above specimen agrees fairly well with the original description of C. debachi. This is the first record of debachi from India. Figures of the body and antenna are given here (Figs 37, 38), and some measurements are given in the key to distinguish it from the Indian specimen identified as C. bifasciatus. Coccobius himalayanus Hayat, sp. nov. (Figs. 23–25)

FEMALE: Length 0.65 mm. Head largely yellow, occiput from level of foramen downwards, dark brown; mesothoracic dorsum yellow with pale brown suffusions; pleura white, washed with brown; pronotum, metanotum, propodeum brown; gaster dark brown. Antenna with scape pallid, pale brown in middle; pedicel upper half brown, lower half pallid; F1 and clava dark brown; F2 dark brown becoming brown apically (Fig. 24). Wings hyaline. Legs, including coxae, white; hind coxa brown; mid and hind femora with indistinct brown suffusions medially; mid and hind tibia, except white distal third (mid tibia) or fourth (hind tibia), pale brown. Head 1.38× as broad as high; frontovertex 0.54× head width; eyes short, about 1.14× as long as malar space; ocellar triangle with apical angle slightly obtuse; POL 2.5× as long as OOL; setae translucent white; eyes with very short setae, each seta shorter than a facet.

HAYAT & KHAN: Indian Aphelinidae—1 9 Antenna as in Fig. 24; F1 shorter than pedicel, and slightly shorter than F2; F3 longer than F2; F1-3 each less than 2× as long as broad; clava longer than funicle. Thorax. Sculpture on mid lobe and scutellum as in Fig. 23; mid lobe 1.21× as long as scutellum; mid lobe with 21 setae; scutellum with 2+1 setae (clearly an abnormal reduction of one setae on right side); mesopostphragma, measured from apex of scutellum, subequal in length to scutellum. Fore wing (Fig. 25) 2.85x as long as broad; marginal fringe nearly one-third wing width. Gaster 1.3× as long as thorax; setae on tergites as follows: TI, 0+0; TII, 1+1; TIII-V, 2+2 each; TVI, 4 between cercal plates; TVII, 6. Relative measurements: ovipositor length, 48.5; third valvula length, 12 [Lengths: mid tibia, 31; mid basitarsus, 8; mid tibial spur, 7.5].

MALE: Unknown.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀. Holotype ♀ (on slide under 2 coverslips, right antenna missing): INDIA: Himachal Pradesh: Mandi, Chandiyal, 26.vi.2006 (S.M.A. Badruddin & F.R. Khan) [ NPC, New Delhi; regn # 13/6/81/7].

HOST: Unknown. DISTRIBUTION: India (Himachal Pradesh). ETYMOLOGY: The species name is after the Himalayan mountains + New Latin suffix, ‘- ian’ = belonging to. REMARKS: C. himalayanus, sp. nov. is related to C. fulvus, but differs by characters given in the key. Coccobius himpradianus Hayat, sp. nov. (Figs 36–38)

FEMALE: Length, thorax+gaster (on slide), 0.60 mm. Frontovertex and temples red-brown; face brown; occiput with dark brown cross band, lower part paler; thorax and gaster dark brown, gaster with some violet-bronze shine (these parts now appear brown on slide). Antennal scape light yellow with apical third or so, and pedicel, F2 and F3 white; F1 and clava dark brown (Fig. 36). Wings hyaline. Legs, including coxae, dark brown; bases narrowly and apices of femora, bases narrowly and apices of tibiae, white. Head distorted on slide. Antenna as in Fig. 36; pedicel longer than F1; F1 longer than F2; F3 longer than both F1 and F2; clava longer than funicle. Thorax with 16 setae on mid lobe; scutellum with 4 setae; mid lobe and scutellum with longitudinally elongate reticulations, nearly lineolate-reticulate especially in middle of scutellum (Fig. 38); mesopostphragma, measured from apex of scutellum, 1.2× as long as scutellum. Fore wing 2.83× as long as broad, with marginal fringe 0.36× wing width; without distinct bare area in basal third; marginal and submarginal veins with 5 setae each; stigmal vein with a thin neck and an expanded stigma (Fig. 37). Gaster (on slide) 1.41× as long as thorax (36.0 : 25.5); tergites I–VII with setae as follows: TI, 1+1; TII–V, 3+3 each; TVI, 4 between cercal plates; TVII, 8. Relative measurements: ovipositor length, 49; third valvula length, 10. [Lengths: mid tibia, 31; mid basitarsus, 6.5; mid tibial spur, 6.5].

MALE: Unknown.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀. Holotype ♀ (on slide under 3 coverslips): INDIA: Himachal Pradesh: Mandi, Motipur, 25.vi.2006 (S.M.A. Badruddin & F.R. Khan) [ NPC, New Delhi; regn # 13/6/81/8].

HOST: Unknown. DISTRIBUTION: India (Himachal Pradesh). ETYMOLOGY: The species name is derived from Himachal Pradesh + New Latin suffix, ‘-ian’ = belonging to. REMARKS: This new species runs near C. pistacicolus (Yasnosh, 1968) in the key to species given by Hayat (1985), but it is quite different in several characters such as the sculpture of the mid lobe and scutellum; relative dimensions of fore wing, setae on marginal vein, longer marginal fringe, and the very thin neck of the stigmal vein. In pistacicolus: F1-3 subequal in length, each about 1.5× as long as broad; mesoscutum and scutellum with small cellulate sculpture; fore wing 2.5× as long as broad, with marginal fringes 0.2× wing width; marginal vein with 8-9 setae; stigmal vein normal, not with thin neck.

10 Colemania No. 21 Coccobius mirus Hayat Coccobius mirus Hayat, 1998: 251; ♀♂, India, Assam. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 2♀. INDIA: Orissa: Khorda, Kadurai, 1♀ (on slide), 3.xii.2007 (F.R.Khan). West Bengal: Siliguri, Bagdogra, 1♀ (on slide), 28.v.2008 (F.R. Khan) [ ZDAMU, Aligarh ]. REMARKS: This species was known in India from Assam, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala (Hayat, 1998). It is newly recorded here also from the states of Orissa and West Bengal. Coccobius phoebus Hayat, sp. nov. (Figs 26–31)

FEMALE: Length, 0.72 mm. Head and thorax pale yellow; malar space pale brown; occiput above foramen with a transverse pale brown band; mesoscutum and scutellum with very pale brown, almost indistinct suffusions; gaster pale brown with some bronzy and bluish shine, TVII yellow. Antenna with scape pale brown; basal half of pedicel brown; F2 in about basal half brown (but may appear completely white in cleared specimens); F1 and clava dark brown; F3 and rest of antennal segments pale yellow (Fig. 26). Wings hyaline. Legs pale yellow. Head. Setae on head and eyes translucent white; eyes setose, each seta shorter than a facet. Antenna as in Fig. 26, there is little variation in the five specimens in the relative dimensions. Thorax. Sculpture on mid lobe and scutellum as in Fig. 31; setae on thorax translucent white; mid lobe of mesoscutum with about 26 setae; scutellum with 3+3 setae, in one paratype, 4+3 setae; mesopostphragma, measured from apex of scutellum 1.43x as long as scutellum length. Fore wing (Fig. 27) about 3.43x as long as broad, with a narrow bare area in basal triangle; postmarginal vein slightly developed except in left wing of holotype. Gaster about 1.35× as long as thorax; setae on TVI, 4 between cercal plates, TVII, 20 setae in three lines of 7, 7, 6. Relative measurements: ovipositor length, 65; third valvula length, 16. [Lengths: mid tibia, 36; mid basitarsus, 9.5; mid tibial spur, 6.6]. MALE: Unknown.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 5♀. Holotype ♀ (on slide under 3 coverslips): INDIA: Orissa: Khorda, Kadurai, 3.xii.2007 (F.R. Khan) [ NPC, New Delhi; regn # 13/6/81/9 ]. Paratypes: INDIA: Uttar Pradesh : Firozabad, Nagla Prabhu, 1 ♀ (on slide), 4.ix.2007 (F.R. Khan). Himachal Pradesh: Hamirpur, Kale Amb, 1 ♀ (on slide), 28.vi.2006 (S.M.A. Badruddin & F.R. Khan). Karnataka: Gulbarga, 2♀ (on two slides), 18.xi.1967, ex Duplachionaspis sp. on Dichantium annulatum, (M. Hayat) [ ZDAMU, Aligarh; regn # HYM.CH.584 ].

HOST: Duplachionaspis sp. (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) on Dichantium annulatum. DISTRIBUTION: India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, Karnataka). ETYMOLOGY: The species name is derived from the Greek, phoibos = pure, radiant. REMARKS: This species was included as ‘sp. indet.1’ (from Karnataka) in the key to the Indian species given by Hayat (1998). It appears to be widely distributed as specimens were recently collected also from Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Orissa. It is closely related to C. fulvus (Compere & Annecke, 1961), but differs in characters noted in the above key to Coccobius species.

Genus COCCOPHAGUS Westwood, 1833 This genus includes 36 species occurring in India (Hayat, 1998, 2007). In this paper two new species are described and one other species is recorded for the first time from India, thus raising the total number to 39. We also have one female from Darjeeling (West Bengal) related to C. bivittatus Compere and C. longifasciatus Howard, but further study is needed to confirm its identity.

HAYAT & KHAN: Indian Aphelinidae—1 11 Coccophagus ceroplastae (Howard) Coccophagus ceroplastae (Howard): Hayat, 1998: 162. ♀♂, redescription, synonymy, hosts,

distribution.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀. INDIA: Meghalaya: Ri Bhoi, Kyrdem, 1 ♀ (on slide), 25.x.2008 (F.R. Khan) [ ZDAMU, Aligarh ].

Coccophagus fumadus Hayat, sp. nov. (Figs 66–71)

FEMALE: Holotype, Length 0.99 mm. Frontovertex white; mouth region, except white mouth margin, and malar space brown; a dark patch adjacent to each torulus; occiput up to foramen brown; pronotum silvery white, mesally dark brown and with brown dot at each postero-lateral corner; mesothoracic dorsum brown, but side lobes, especially expanded part, sides of metanotum and propodeum white; thoracic pleura white; gaster dark brown with lateral wedge-shaped white areas (Fig. 66); third valvulae brown. Antenna (Fig. 71) with scape brown except white dorsal margin and a medial band; ventral half or so of pedicel, F1 and F2 brown; F3 and basal two segments of clava dark brown; rest of antenna white. Fore wing infuscated, hyaline below marginal vein and convexly along apex (Figs 69,70). Legs, including coxae, silvery white; fore tibia very light white-brown; hind tibia with two very faint, almost indistinct, pale brown patches. Head. Somewhat distorted on slide, but frontovertex width appearing about one-third head width; ocellar triangle with apical angle a right angle, posterior ocelli about 0.5× ocellus diameter to eye and occipital margins; frontovertex with brown bristles; setae on face and malar space hyaline; eyes setose, setae hyaline and each setae at least as long as a facet. Antenna as in Fig. 71; scape flattened and expanded, about 2.5× as long as broad; F1 shorter than pedicel and F2; funicle segments with excentric articulations. Thorax. Relative dimensions as in Fig. 66; mid lobe with numerous setae; each side lobe, each axilla and scutellum with 3, 3 and 6 setae; propodeum with 2 setae on each side distad of spiracles; median length of propodeum 0.4× scutellum length (Fig. 67). Fore wing 2.74× as long as broad. Gaster (Fig. 66) as long as thorax; ovipositor as seen through derm appearing to originate from posterior margin of TII and shortly exserted at apex; TI-VII with setae as follows: TI, 0+0; TII-IV, 3-4+3-4 each; TV, 4+4; TVI, 6, between cercal plates; TVII, 14. Relative measurements: ovipositor length, 107; third valvula length, 36 [Lengths: mid tibia, 80; mid basitarsus, 26; mid tibial spur, 24].

MALE: Unknown.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀. Holotype ♀ (on slide under 3 coverslips; left ntennal clava missing): INDIA: Orissa: Puri, Matia Pada, 1.xii.2007, (F.R. Khan) [ NPC, New Delhi; regn # 13/6/81/10 ].

HOST: Unknown. DISTRIBUTION: India (Orissa). REMARKS: Coccophagus fumadus belongs to the varius species-group. On the basis of colour of flagellar segments, it appears related to C. narendrani Hayat & Zeya (1993). In fumadus the thoracic dorsum, except white side lobes and sides of metanotum and propodeum, are brown; gaster dark brown with wedge-shaped white areas on sides up to cercal plates; fore wing 2.74× as long as broad, with setae dark brown, infuscate except a narrow band behind marginal vein and around margin of disc hyaline; funicular segments short, F1 about 1.3×, F2 1.5× and F3 1.3× as long broad, and F1 shorter than pedicel and F2; third valvula 0.5× of second valvifer, and 1.38× as long as mid basitarsus. In narendrani: mesothoracic dorsum, except sutures, white; gaster with a large dark brown patch with base and broadly the sides up to cercal plates, silvery white; F1-3 each 1.5-2.0× as long as broad; F1 slightly longer than pedicel and slightly shorter than F2; fore wing 2.3× as long as broad, with setae behind proximal half of marginal vein transparent, and with infuscation beginning proximad of stigmal vein, the infuscation fading apically; third valvula 0.66× of second valvifer, and 1.64× as long as mid basitarsus.

12 Colemania No. 21

Coccophagus longifasciatus Howard (Figs 77–80) Coccophagus longifasciatus Howard, 1907: 80; ♀ Sri Lanka, Manaar. Coccophagus longifasciatus Howard: Compere, 1931: 74, notes and figures based on

specimens from China. Hayat, 1998: 155. Syntypes examined [ USNM, Washington, DC; regn # 10307 ].

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀. INDIA: Orissa: Bhubaneswar, Bariyanta, 1♀ (on slide), 25.xi.2007, (F.R. Khan) [ ZDAMU, Aligarh ].

REMARKS: The single female collected in the Orissa agrees fairly well with the female syntypes examined by the first author. The relative length of ovipositor, and mid tibia in this Indian specimen are as follows: Ovipositor 1.08× as long as mid tibia; second valvifer 2.67× as long as third valvula; third valvula and mid tibial spur subequal in length. In three of the syntypes, ovipositor 1.17-1.22× as long as mid tibia, second valvifer 2.79-2.93× as long as third valvula; and third valvula 0.94-1.11× as long as mid tibial spur. As this is a new record of C. longifasciatus from India, it is illustrated in Figs 77-80. Coccophagus meghaianus Hayat, sp. nov. (Figs 72–76)

FEMALE: Length 0.67 mm. Head white to slightly infuscate brown; face white, mouth margin and occiput dark brown; malar space brown; thoracic dorsum and gaster dark brown (Fig. 72); venter of thorax and pleura white with brown suffusions. Antenna with scape white with apical third brown; pedicel, F1 and F2 brown, F3 white; clava, except white apical half of third segment, dark brown. Fore wing subhyaline, lightly infuscate under distal half of marginal vein to posterior margin. Legs, including coxae, white. Head. Frontovertex broad, 0.42× head width; frontovertex width subequal to scape length; ocellar triangle with apical angle a right angle; posterior ocelli nearly equidistant from both eye and occipital margins and removed from both by slightly less than an ocellus diameter; vertex with prominent bristles; frons and face with sparse hyaline setae; eyes setose, setae hyaline, and each at least as long as a facet. Mandible with one ventral tooth and a dorsal truncation (Fig. 76). Frontovertex largely with transversely reticulate lines, on sides of toruli and malar space lineolate-reticulate. Antenna as in Fig. 74 (while mounting, the flagellum got rotated to 180°, so that the ventral margin in the figure is actually its dorsal margin; funicular segments longer ventrally than dorsally, and articulation excentric; F1 without longitudinal sensilla. Thorax (Figs72,73). Mid lobe of mesoscutum with about 30 setae arranged symmetrically; each side lobe, each axilla and scutellum with 3, 2 and 6 setae; median length of propodeum 0.4× scutellum length, and with 2 setae on each side distad of spiracles; posterior margin of propodeum angularly produced posteriorly overlapping petiole proximally. Fore wing 2.84× as long as broad (Fig. 75); marginal fringe 0.15× wing width; hind wing 7.2× as long as broad with marginal fringe 0.77× wing width. Gaster (Fig. 72) subequal in length to thorax; ovipositor, as seen through the derm, appears to originate from posterior margin of TIII, and hardly exserted; tergites 1-7 (TI-TVII) with setae as follows: TI, 0+0; TII –TIV, 2+2 each; TV, 4+4; TVI, 4 between cercal plates; TVII, 4+4. Relative measurements: ovipositor length, 79; third valvula length, 22. [Lengths: mid tibia, 80; mid basitarsus, 22, mid tibial spur, 24].

MALE: Unknown.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀. Holotype ♀ (on slide under 3 coverslips): INDIA: Meghalaya: Ri Bhoi, Lumdaitakhla, 25.x.2008 (F.R. Khan) [ NPC, New Delhi; regn # 13/6/81/11 ].

HOST: Unknown. DISTRIBUTION: India (Meghalaya). ETYMOLOGY: The species name is based upon the name of the Indian State, Meghalaya, abbreviated to ‘megha’, and the New Latin suffix ‘ –ian’ = belonging to. REMARKS: C. meghaianus belongs to the ochraceus species-group of Coccophagus (Annecke & Insley, 1974; Hayat, 1992, 1998). This species appears

HAYAT & KHAN: Indian Aphelinidae—1 13 related to C. longiclavatus Shafee and C. indochraceus Hayat (Hayat, 1998), but differs from both especially by the completely dark brown thoracic dorsum and gaster and in the relative length of second valvifer, third valvula, mid tibia and mid basitarsus. In meghaianus, ovipositor nearly as long as mid tibia; third valvula 0.38x second valvifer, and equal in length to mid basitarsus. In longiclavatus: ovipositor 0.76× mid tibia; third valvula 0.33× second valvifer, and shorter than mid basitarsus (18: 27). In indochraceus: ovipositor 1.38× as long as mid tibia; third valvula 0.47× second valvifer and longer than mid basitarsus (20.5:14.5)].

Coccophagus pseudococci Compere Coccophagus pseudococci Compere: Hayat, 1998: 172-174, ♀, ♂, redescription, synonymy,

hosts, distribution.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 4♀. INDIA: Maharashtra: Nagpur, 3♀, ex mealybug on redgram, 28.viii.2008 (Received from V. V. Ramamurthy No. RGPA (2)) [ NPC, New Delhi ]. Uttar Pradesh: Qayamganj, Baryala, 1♀, 7.ix.2007 (F.R. Khan) [ZDAMU, Aligarh ].

IDIOCOCCOBIUS Hayat, gen. nov. (Figs 18 – 22) Type species: Idiococcobius encarsoides Hayat, sp. nov. (by present designation).

This new genus is extremely close to Coccobius Ratzeburg (see Hayat, 1985, 1998). Therefore, only characters by which it differs from Coccobius are mentioned here.

FEMALE: Pronotum medially membranous, thus consisting of two plates; mid lobe of mesoscutum with 6+6 setae arranged in bilateral symmetry. Fore wing long and narrow, 4.4x as long as broad, with marginal fringe only slightly shorter than wing width; submarginal vein with one (1) seta, possibly 2 setae; the four circular sensilla on stigmal vein arranged in two sets of two each. Hind wing about 8.72× as long as broad, with marginal fringe about 1.57× as long as wing width; disc with a few scattered setae, and a line of setae on ventral surface along anterior margin.

MALE: Unknown.

ETYMOLOGY: Derived from the Greek – idio = distinct, peculiar + Coccobius. REMARKS: This genus was initially mistaken for species of Encarsia Foerster because of the fore wing shape and setation. But it is actually closely related to Coccobius in the antennal formula (1 1 3 2), relative dimensions of thoracic tergites and of gaster.

Idiococcobius encarsoides Hayat, sp. nov. (Figs. 18–22)

FEMALE: Length 0.59 mm. Body largely pale yellow and appears translucent white after cleaning and mounting on a slide; occiput from level of foramen downwards, and pronotum in anterior half, pale brown. Antenna pallid white. Wings hyaline. Legs white. Head, in frontal view, 1.5× as broad as high (80: 53), frontovertex width 0.67× head width (54: 80); antennal toruli with their lower margin in line with lower eye margins; eye 1.39× as long as malar space; ocellar triangle a right angle; POL about equal to OOL; setae on head translucent white; eyes setose, setae translucent white, and each seta shorter than a facet. Antenna (Fig. 19) with F1 shorter than pedicel and F2, the later shorter than F3; clava about as long as funicle. Thorax as in Fig. 22; sculpture of mid lobe of mesoscutum and scutellum (very fine, visible at higher magnification) more or less similar, widely spaced elongated cells, and the cells aciculate; setae translucent white; scutellum with 2+2 setae; length of mesopostphragma, measured from apex of scutellum, 2× as long as length of scutellum. Fore wing as in Fig. 18, similar to some Encarsia species.

14 Colemania No. 21

Gaster 1.5×as long as thorax; setae on tergites as follows: TI, 0+0; TII–TV, 2+2 each; TVI, 4 between cercal plates; TVII, 6. Relative measurements: ovipositor length, 79; third valvula length, 18 [Lengths: mid tibia, 53; mid basitarsus, 12; mid tibial spur, 13.5].

MALE: Unknown.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀. Holotype ♀ (on slide under 2 coverslips): INDIA: West Bengal: Islampur, Guduish Basti, 7.vi.2008 (F.R. Khan) [ NPC, New Delhi; regn # 13/6/81/12 ].

HOST: Unknown. DISTRIBUTION: India (West Bengal). ETYMOLOGY: Encarsia + oides = a contraction of the Greek – o + eidos = denoting likeness of form, and referring to its general resemblance to Encarsia.

Genus PTEROPTRIX Westwood, 1833 This genus is represented by five species (one species, P. chinensis, is a doubtful record) in India (Hayat, 1998). In this paper, three new species are described, and P. machiaveli (Girault), hitherto only known from Karnataka, is now recorded from specimens collected in Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, and Orissa. The key to Indian species in Hayat (1998) is revised here to accommodate these three new species.

Key to Indian species of Pteroptrix (females) 1. Head, in frontal view with malar space bulging, lower part separated from upper part by

a transverse sulcus on occiput (Fig. 2) .......................................................... 2

- Head, in frontal view, differently shaped, malar space appearing gently curved from eyes down to mouth, transverse suture on occiput placed well above lower eye margin (Hayat, 1998: Fig.767) ................................................................................... 6

2. Fore wing disc very sparsely setose, with a few setae behind marginal vein and also towards apex (Fig. 4); first funicular segment (and also claval segments) with apically projecting longitudinal sensilla (Fig. 1) ........................................................... 3

- Fore wing disc relatively densely setose at least on disc beyond venation (Fig. 12); funicular segments with sensilla absent (antenna 8-segmented) ................................ 4

3. Funicle 2-segmented, with F2 transverse; mandible with three small teeth and a small truncation; mid lobe of mesoscutum with 4 setae, with cellulate-reticulate sculpture, cells polygonal and not aciculate; ovipositor 1.1-1.2× as long as mid tibia; third valvula subequal in length to or slightly longer than mid basitarsus ...... P. koebelei (Howard)

- Funicle 3-segmented, F2 and F3 transverse, and F2 about half the length of F3 (Fig. 1); mandible with a small tooth and a minutely serrate truncation (Fig. 3); mid lobe of mesoscutum with 6 setae, and with cellulate-reticulate sculpture, the cells polygonal and aciculate; ovipositor at least 1.5× as long as mid tibia; third valvula 1.5-1.6× as long as mid basitarsus (Figs. 7, 6) ................................... P. matpada Hayat, sp. nov.

4. Fore wing with a few setae behind marginal vein; F3 slightly longer than broad; mid lobe of mesoscutum with 6 setae; TVII of gaster with 6 setae; ovipositor 1.82× as long as mid tibia and second valvifer 4.9× as long as third valvula; third valvula about 2× as long as mid basitarsus [ also couplet 8 ]......... P. longiclavata (Shafee et al.)

- Fore wing as densely setose behind marginal vein as on disc distad of venation (Fig. 12); F3 broader than long (Fig. 9); mid lobe of mesoscutum with 4 setae; TVII apparently with 1 seta; relative length of ovipositor and mid tibia variable, but second valvifer at most 1.72× as long as third valvula; third valvula at least 3.16× as long as mid basitarsus (sculpture of mid lobe and scutellum with cells aciculate) ................... 5

5. Ovipositor 2.28× as long as mid tibia; second valvifer 1.12× as long as third valvula, the latter at least 5.33× as long as mid basitarsus (Figs 13, 14)...... P. zoza Hayat, sp. nov.

-. Ovipositor 1.62× as long as mid tibia; second valvifer 1.73× as long as third valvula, the latter 3.16× as long as mid basitarsus (Figs 16, 17)…….......... P. aster Hayat, sp. nov.

HAYAT & KHAN: Indian Aphelinidae—1 15

6. Antenna with 7 segments ............................................................................................ 7

- Antenna with 8 segments ............................................................................................. 8

7. F1 longer than pedicel; mid lobe with 4 (2+2) setae ................. P. chinensis (Howard) - F1 shorter than or subequal in length to pedicel; mid lobe with 5-11 setae (left half and

right half setae: 3+2, 3+3, 4+3, 4+5, 5+5, 5+6) ........................ P. machiaveli (Girault)

8. Pedicel as long as F1 and F2 combined; F1 quadrate, F2 broader than long; funicle about as long as F4; fore wing 3.5× as long as broad with marginal fringe nearly 0.7× wing width [ also couplet 4 ] ....................................... P. longiclavata (Shafee et al.)

- Pedicel shorter than F1 and F2 combined; F1 longer than broad, F2 quadrate; funicle longer than F4; fore wing less than 3× (about 2.7×) as long as broad, with marginal fringe 0.33× of wing width ....................................................... P. albifemur (Girault)

[ NOTE: P. longiclavata is also included in couplet 4 (in addition to couplet 8) on the presumption that the head with lower part may be similar to bicolor species-group and also because it is apparently very close to P. sunae (Huang) (see Huang, 1994), which belongs to the bicolor species-group. ]

Pteroptrix aster Hayat, sp. nov. (Figs 15–17) This species represented by a single female from Aligarh, Shekha, and is extremely close to P. zoza Hayat, sp. nov., but differs in the following characters:

FEMALE: Length, thorax + gaster, 0.51 mm. Colour about as in zoza, except occipital region below foramen pallid white like rest of head; thorax and gaster largely pallid white except for pale brown sides of pronotum, very light brown mesopleura, and light brown TI–T VI. In antennal dimensions (Fig. 15), fore wing dimensions and setation, and thoracic sculpture and setation, this species is similar to zoza sp. nov. It differs only in having a shorter ovipositor (ovipositor 1.62× as long as mid tibia), relative lengths of second valvifer and third valvula (third valvula 0.57× second valvifer), and third valvula 3.16× as long as mid basitarsus (Figs. 16, 17). Exserted part of ovipositor 0.10× gaster length.

MALE: Unknown.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀. Holotype ♀ (on slide under 2 coverslips): INDIA: Uttar Pradesh: Aligarh, Shekha, 9. ix. 2007 (F. R. Khan) [ NPC, New Delhi; regn # 13/6/81/13 ].

HOST: Unknown. DISTRIBUTION: India (Uttar Pradesh).

Pteroptrix machiaveli (Girault) Pteroptrix machiaveli (Girault): Hayat, 1998: 243; ♀♂, redescription, figures, host, key,

distribution.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 3♂,7♀. (all on slides): INDIA: Uttar Pradesh: Saharanpur, Raipur, 1♀, 29.xii.2005 (S.M.A. Badruddin & F.R. Khan); Shrawasti, Chakra Bhandar, 2♀ (1 ♀ minus head), 3.x.2006 (F.R. Khan); Balrampur, Dusahein, 1♀, 4.x.2006 (F.R. Khan). Orissa: Bhubaneswar, Bariyanta, 2♀, 25.xi.2007 (F.R. Khan). Meghalaya: Ri Bhoi, Um Sam Lem, 1♂, 21.x.2008 (F.R. Khan); Ri Bhoi, Kyrdem, 1♀, 1♂, 25.x.2008 (F.R. Khan). Assam: Guwahati, Koylajol, 1♂, 29. x. 2008 (F.R. Khan) [ ZDAMU, Aligarh ].

REMARKS: All the females listed above are considered conspecific with P. machiaveli (Girault) as these agree with the holotype and the specimen from Karnataka (Hayat, 1998) in having a similar body colour and leg colour (legs including fore and mid coxae, pallid to white). The relative lengths of ovipositor, third valvula, and mid tibia show very slight variation. In the 7 females, the ovipositor varies from 1.03× to 1.10× as long as mid tibia (1.13× in

16 Colemania No. 21

Karnataka specimen; 1.3× in holotype from Australia); second valvifer 3.15× to 3.46× as long as third valvula (3.47× in Karnataka specimen; 3.33× in holotype). The setae on mid lobe of mesoscutum vary from 3+2 (left half + right half) to 5+5, and usually in specimens with more than 2 setae, one seta is less either in the left half or the right half (4+3, 3+3, 4+5, 4+3). The main differences are in the relative lengths and widths of fore wings, and in the relative lengths of marginal fringe of the fore wing and the widths of the wing. The fore wing varies from just shorter than 3×as long as broad (2.96× as long as broad) to 3.61× as long as broad, but the lengths of marginal fringe appear to have no relation with the relative length and width of the fore wing. The lengths of marginal fringe vary from 0.59× wing width to 0.85× wing width. In 4 specimens from Uttar Pradesh and Orissa, marginal fringe are 0.59×, 0.66×, 0.67× and 0.77× wing width. In one specimen from Orissa in which the fore wing is 3.23× as long as broad, the marginal fringe is 0.85× wing width, whereas in a specimen from Meghalaya the marginal fringe is 0.85× wing width, but the fore wing is 3.61× as long as broad. We have considered all these 7 specimens as representing a single species instead of placing them in two separate species on the basis of fore wing length and width and lengths of marginal fringe compared to wing width.

Pteroptrix matpada Hayat, sp.nov. (Figs 1 – 8) FEMALE: Length, 0.42 mm. Head pallid to white, from level of posterior ocelli to occiput upto lower end dark brown; thorax and gaster dark brown, except side lobes posteriorly and scutellum which are white; expanded part of each side lobe brown. Antenna pallid. Fore wing strongly infuscate below marginal and stigma veins, lightly infuscate below submarginal vein, hyaline distad of venation; hind wing hyaline. Legs pallid white; hind coxa, femur, and tibia in about basal half pale brown. Structural details as in Figs 1–7; but the following characters may be noted: Head. Occipital region as in Fig. 2; ocellar triangle with apical angle obtuse, posterior ocellus about 1.5x diameter of an ocellus to eye margin; setae on head hyaline; eyes setose, setae hyaline and each seta about as long as a facet. Mandible (Fig. 3) with a small tooth and a broad serrated truncation. Antenna as in Fig. 1; F1, F4-6 with apically projecting longitudinal sensilla; F2 and F3 broader than long, F2 about 0.5× of F3. Thorax. Mid lobe of mesoscutum with large polygonal, aciculate cells; scutellum with fine reticulations, in posterior two-thirds elongated and directed mesally, the cells aciculate; mid lobe, each side lobe, each axilla, scutellum, and each side of propodeum distad of spiracles with setae as follows: 3+3, 1, 1, 2+2, and 2. Fore and hind wings as in Figs. 4 and 5. Gaster longer than thorax (85:57); TI-VII with setae as follows: TI, 0+0; TII-TIV, 1+1 each; TV, 1+2+1; TVI, 1+1; TVII, 2. Relative measurements: ovipositor length, 73; third valvula length, 13 [Lengths: mid tibia, 41; mid basitarsus, 8; mid tibial spur, 14.5]. These measurements in one paratype are as follows: 66.5, 14 [43.5, 9, 14.5].

MALE: Similar to female in colour and relative dimensions of body but differs in antennal structure (Fig. 8) and genitalia.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 3♀. Holotype ♀ (on slide under two coverslips): INDIA: Orissa: Puri, Matia Pada, 1.xii.2007 (F. R. Khan) [ NPC, New Delhi; regn # 13/6/81/14 ]. Paratypes: 2♀ (1♀ gaster lost), 4♂ (on 4 slides), data as for holotype [ ZDAMU, Aligarh; regn # HYM.CH. 582 ].

HOST: Unknown. DISTRIBUTION: India (Orissa). REMARKS: P. matpada sp. nov. belongs to the serratus species-group (Prinsloo & Neser, 1990). It is extremely close to P. sparsiciliatus (Huang, 1994) and may be confused for that species. The new species differs from sparsiciliatus in the following characters: antenna with F1 about 1.5×and F5 about 2× as long as broad; F1 clearly longer than pedicel (11: 8); fore wing about 3×as long as broad, with relatively less number of setae behind marginal vein and at apex of disc; stigmal vein very short (Fig. 29); ovipositor 1.78× and 1.52× as long as mid tibia; second valvifer 4.61× and 3.75× long as third valvula.

HAYAT & KHAN: Indian Aphelinidae—1 17 In sparsiciliatus: F1, F4 and F5 each not more than 1.3× as long as broad; F1 subequal in length to pedicel; fore wing about 3.27× as long as broad, with relatively more setae behind marginal vein and apex of disc; stigmal vein developed but short; ovipositor 1.2× as long as mid tibia; second valvifer 3.4× as long as third valvula.].

Pteroptrix zoza Hayat, sp. nov. (Figs 9–14) FEMALE: Length, thorax+gaster, 0.55 mm. (excluding exserted part of ovipositor, 0.10 mm.). Head with frontovertex and face white; occipital region from foramen downwards dark brown; thorax with pronotum, sides of propodeum and mesopleuron dark brown; axillae appear very pale brown; rest of thorax pallid white; gaster with TI–TIII and sides (except medially) of TIV–TVI, dark brown, rest of tergites including TVII pallid white; ovipositor sheaths (third valvulae) brown. Antenna pallid, F6 pale brown. Wings hyaline; fore wing below marginal and stigmal veins infuscate. Legs pallid. Head, in front view, 1.21× as broad as high; frontovertex about 0.54× of head width; ocellar triangle with apical angle obtuse; POL 2× OOL; setae hyaline; eyes sparsely setose, setae hyaline, and each about as long as a facet. Mandible (Fig. 11) with two teeth and a dorsal truncation. Antenna as in Fig. 9; F1-3 each broader than long; F2 shorter than both F1 and F3. Thorax. Mid lobe, axillae and scutellum with sculpture very fine, visible at 400×; mid lobe with large polygonal aciculate cells; scutellum with irregular, elongate-reticulate cells, the cells aciculate; setation as follows: mid lobe, 2+2; each side lobe, 1; each axilla, 1; scutellum, 2+2; each side of propodeum, 2. Fore wing 3.37x as long as broad; marginal fringe 0.77× wing width; setation on disc as in Fig. 12; hind wing 8.9× as long as broad; marginal fringe 2.28× as long as width of disc; disc beyond venation with two lines of setae, and a line of 5-6 setae on ventral surface. Petiole with reticulations medially. Gaster with TI–TVII with setae as follows: TI, 0+0; TII–TIV, 1+1 each; TV, 1+2+1; TVI, 4 setae between cercal plates; TVII, 1 (but it should be 2, although setal origin was not detected.); ovipositor exserted to about 0.22× gaster length when the specimen was on card, but 0.32× gaster length on slide. Relative measurements: ovipositor length, 153; third valvula length, 72 [Lengths: mid tibia, 67; mid basitarsus, 13.5; mid tibial spur, 20].

MALE: Unknown.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 2♀. Holotype ♀ (on slide under 4 coverslips): INDIA: Uttar Pradesh: Aligarh, Shekha, 9.ix.2007 (F.R. Khan) [ NPC, New Delhi; regn # 13/6/81/15 ]. Paratype: 1♀ (on slide under 3 coverslips), data as for holotype [ ZDAMU, Aligarh; regn # HYM.CH. 583 ]. HOST: Unknown. DISTRIBUTION: India (Uttar Pradesh). REMARKS: P. zoza, sp. nov. belongs to the bicolor species-group. It differs from all the described species in this group (Prinsloo & Neser, 1990, as Archenomus; Huang, 1994, as Archenomus; Viggiani & Garonna, 1993) in having the antennal pedicel shorter than F1-3 combined; F1-3 each broader than long and shorter than F4; ovipositor 2.28× as long as mid tibia, and third valvula very long, 0.88× second valvifer and 5.33× as long as mid basitarsus. These characters together with body colour and prominently exserted ovipositor separates P. zoza from all the described species.

Acknowledgements

We are thankful to the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, and to Dr V.V. Ramamurthy, Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi and the National Coordinator on ‘Network Project on Insect Biosystematics’ for financial assistance. We are also grateful to the Aligarh Muslim University, and the Chairman of its Department of Zoology, for providing research facilities.

18 Colemania No. 21

References

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Annecke, D. P. and Insley, H. P. 1974. The species of Coccophagus Westwood, 1833 from the Ethiopian region (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae).Entomology Memoir of the Department of Agricultural Technical Services of the Republic of South Africa, 37, pp. 1– 62.

Antony, B., Palaniswami, M. S., Kirk, A. A. and Henneberry, T. J. 2006. Aphelinid parasitoids of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in India. Entomon, 31: 217–224.

Compere, H. 1931. A revision of the species of Coccophagus, a genus of hymenopterous, coccid-inhabiting parasites. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 78: 1–132.

Compere, H. and Annecke, D. P. 1961. Descriptions of parasitic Hymenoptera and comments (Hymenopt.: Aphelinidae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 24: 17–71.

Evans, G. A. and Pedata, P. A. 1997. Parasitoids of Comstockiella sabalis (Homoptera: Diaspididae) in Florida and description of a new species of the genus Coccobius (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Florida Entomologist, 80: 328-334.

Hayat, M. 1983. The genera of Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera) of the world. Systematic Entomology, 8: 63–102.

Hayat, M. 1985. Notes on some species of Coccobius and Prophyscus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), with special reference to Girault and Howard types. Oriental Insects, 18: 289–334.

Hayat, M. 1992. The zebratus and ochraceus groups of Coccophagus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) with a new generic synonymy. Oriental Insects, 26: 111–117.

Hayat, M. 1994. Notes on some genera of the Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), with comments on the classification of the family. Oriental Insects, 28: 81–96.

Hayat, M. 1998. Aphelinidae of India (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): a taxonomic revision. Memoirs on Entomology, International, 13, pp. viii+416.

Hayat, M. 2006. Description of a new species of Encarsia from India, with records of four other species (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Oriental Insects, 40: 291–294.

Hayat, M. 2007. Description of a new species of Coccophagus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), parasitoid of Paratachardina lobata (Homoptera: Kerridae) from India. Oriental Insects, 41: 387–390.

Hayat, M. and Anis, S. B. 2004. Record of Ablerus connectens Silvestri (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) from India. Bionotes (Aligarh), 6 (3): p.99.

Hayat, M., Badruddin, S.M.A. and Khan, F.R. 2007. On some chalcids reared from a mealybug infesting Abutilon indicum in Aligarh, U.P. Bionotes (Aligarh), 9 (2): p.65 .

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20 Colemania No. 21

Figs. 1 – 8. Pteroptrix matpada Hayat, sp. nov., female except Fig. 8: 1, antenna; 2, head, occipital region; 3, mandibles; 4, fore wing with distal veins enlarged; 5, hind wing with distal veins enlarged; 6, mid tibia and tarsus; 7, ovipositor; drawn on same scale as Fig. 6; 8, male antenna.

1 2

3 4 5

6 7

8

HAYAT & KHAN: Indian Aphelinidae—1 21

Figs. 9 – 17. (9 – 14) Pteroptrix zoza Hayat, sp. nov., female: 9, antenna; 10, facial region of head, upper limit of occiput indicated by broken line; 11, mandibles; 12, fore wing; 13, mid tibia and tarsus; 14, ovipositor, drawn on same scale as Fig. 13. (15 – 17) Pteroptrix aster Hayat, sp. nov., holotype, female: 15, antenna; 16, ovipositor; 17, mid tibia, drawn on same scale as Fig 16.

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

22 Colemania No. 21

Figs. 18 – 25. (18-22)Idiococcobius encarsoides Hayat, gen. et sp. nov., holotype, female: 18, fore wing, with stigmal vein enlarged; 19, antenna; 20, mid tibia and tarsus; 21, ovipositor right half, drawn on same scale as Fig. 20; 22, thorax, dorsum. (23 – 25) Coccobius himalayanus Hayat, sp. nov., holotype, female: 23, part of mid lobe and scutellum showing sculpture; 24, antenna; 25, fore wing.

18

19

20

21

22 23

24 25

HAYAT & KHAN: Indian Aphelinidae—1 23

Figs. 26 – 35. (26 – 31) Coccobius phoebus Hayat, sp. nov., female: 26, antenna; 27, fore wing, discal setae omitted; 28, distal veins of fore wing; 29, ovipositor, right half; 30, mid tibia and basitarsus, drawn on same scale as Fig. 29; 31, mesothoracic dorsum showing sculpture on right half, setation on left half. (32 – 35) Coccobius assamensis Hayat, sp. nov., holotype, female: 32, mid tibia and basitarsus; 33, ovipositor, left half, drawn on same scale as Fig. 32; 34, antenna; 35, basal part of fore wing.

26

27 28

29

30 31 32

33

34 35

24 Colemania No. 21

Figs. 36 – 44. (36 – 38) Coccobius himpradianus Hayat, sp. nov., holotype, female: 36, antenna; 37, distal veins of fore wing; 38, part of mesothorax showing sculpture on mid lobe and scutellum. (39 – 44) Coccobius cosibus Hayat, sp. nov., female: 39 – 42, antennae, variants; 43, 44, fore wings, variants.

36

37

38

39

40

41

42 43

44

HAYAT & KHAN: Indian Aphelinidae—1 25

Figs. 45 – 50. (45, 46) Coccobius cosibus Hayat, sp. nov.: 45, mesothoracic dorsum showing sculpture on left half, setation on right half, female; 46, antenna, with scape enlarged to show glandular area, male. (47 – 50) Coccobius aspidiellae Hayat, sp. nov., female except Fig. 50: 47, antenna; 48, part of fore wing; 49, head frontal view; 50, antenna, male.

45

46

47

48

49 50

26 Colemania No. 21

Figs. 51 – 55. (51) Coccobius cosibus Hayat, sp. nov., female, thorax and gaster showing colour, (52, 53) Coccobius bifasciatus (Ishii), female: 52, thorax and gaster showing colour; 53, antenna. (54, 55) Coccobius debachi (Compere & Annecke), female: 54, thorax and gaster showing colour; 55, antenna.

51 52

53

54 55

HAYAT & KHAN: Indian Aphelinidae—1 27

Figs. 56 – 59. Ablerus williamsi (Annecke & Insley), female: 56, head frontal; 57, thorax and gaster; 58, fore wing; 59, antenna.

56

57

58

59

28 Colemania No. 21

Figs. 60 – 65. Ablerus xenex Hayat, sp. nov., holotype, female: 60, thorax and gaster; 61, thorax, enlarged; 62, head frontal; 63, mandibles; 64, fore wing; 65, antenna.

60

61

64 62

63 65

HAYAT & KHAN: Indian Aphelinidae—1 29

Figs. 66 – 71. Coccophagus fumadus Hayat, sp. nov., holotype, female: 66, thorax and gaster; 67, Distal part of thorax; 68, mouth region, howing mandibles and antennal scape and pedicel; 69, left fore wing, distal two-thirds; 70, right fore wing, basal two thirds; 71, antenna.

66

67

68

69 70

71

30 Colemania No. 21

Figs. 72 –76. Coccophagus meghaianus Hayat, sp. nov., holotype, female: 72, thorax and gaster; 73, Distal part of thorax; 74, antenna, flagellum rotated to 180°; 75, fore wing; 76, mouth region showing mandibles.

72

73

74

75

76

HAYAT & KHAN: Indian Aphelinidae—1 31

Fig. 77 – 80. Coccophagus longifasciatus Howard, female: 77, thorax and gaster; 78, antenna (flagellum rotated to 180°); 79, mouth region showing mandibles; 80, fore wing.

77

78

79

80