This article was downloaded by: [Celal Bayar Universitesi]On: 01 February 2012, At: 05:17Publisher: Taylor & FrancisInforma Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: MortimerHouse, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK

International Journal of AcarologyPublication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information:http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/taca20

A new species and two new records of the familyCaligonellidae (Acari: Raphignathoidea) from TurkeyMustafa Akyol a & Kamil Koç aa Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Celal Bayar University, Manisa,Turkey

Available online: 31 Jan 2012

To cite this article: Mustafa Akyol & Kamil Koç (2012): A new species and two new records of the family Caligonellidae(Acari: Raphignathoidea) from Turkey, International Journal of Acarology, 38:1, 40-45

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2011.583275

PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE

Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions

This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematicreproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form toanyone is expressly forbidden.

The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contentswill be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug dosesshould be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions,claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly orindirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.

International Journal of AcarologyVol. 38, No. 1, February 2012, 40–45

A new species and two new records of the family Caligonellidae (Acari: Raphignathoidea)from Turkey

Mustafa Akyol and Kamil Koç

Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey (emails: makyol77@gmail.com andkamil.koc@bayar.edu.tr)

(Received 5 January 2011; accepted 30 March 2011)

An adult female of the new caligonellid mite Neognathus ozkani sp. nov. and a protonymph of Molothrognathus terrulentusMeyer & Ueckermann, 1989 are described and illustrated. Two caligonellid species, M. terrulentus Meyer & Ueckermann,1989 and Molothrognathus phytocolus Meyer & Ueckermann, 1989 are new records for the Turkish fauna.

Keywords: Acari; Raphignathoidea; Caligonellidae; Neognathus; Molothrognathus; new species; new records; Turkey

Introduction

Members of the family Caligonellidae are free-living preda-tory mites and inhabitants of tree bark, litter, soil moss,storehouses and birds’ nests. They feed on small arthro-pods and have a worldwide distribution (Summers andSchlinger 1955; Meyer and Ueckermann 1989; Fan 2000).This family is represented in Turkey by six species, namely,Caligonella (Ca.) humilis (Koch, 1838), Molothrognathuscrucis Summers & Schlinger, 1955, M. kamili Dogan, 2003,M. venusta (Khaustov & Kuznetzov, 1997), Neognathusspectabilis (Summers & Schlinger, 1955) and N. terrestris(Summers & Schlinger, 1955) (Koç and Ayyildiz 1996,1997; Dogan 2003; Dogan and Ayyildiz 2003).

A new species N. ozkani and a protonymph of M.terrulentus Meyer & Ueckermann, 1989 are described.Molothrognathus terrulentus Meyer & Ueckermann, 1989and M. phytocolus Meyer & Ueckermann, 1989, which arenew records for the Turkish fauna, are also given in thisarticle.

Materials and methods

The litter and soil samples taken from beneath Pinusbrutia, Cerasus (Ce.) vulgaris, Salix sp., Cicer (Ci.)arietinum, Verbascum sp., Quercus sp., Euphorbia sp.,Alhagi pseudalhagi and Populus sp., in the province ofAfyonkarahisar, were brought to the laboratory in plasticbags and extracted in Berlese funnels. Mites were preservedin 70% ethanol and mounted on slides in modified Hoyer’smedium. Terminology follows those of Kethley (1990) andGrandjean (1944). All measurements are given in microme-tres and are presented as a mean value and a range ofvariability in parenthesis. The type material is deposited inThe Zoological Museum of Celal Bayar University, type no:03–05–15.

Taxonomy

Family Caligonellidae Grandjean, 1944Genus Neognathus Willmann

Neognathus Willmann, 1952, p. 162; Summers, 1957, p. 55;Soliman, 1971, p. 97; Chaudhri et al., 1979, p. 141; Meyer& Ueckermann, 1989, p. 17; Ueckermann & Khanjani,2003, p. 292; Dogan & Ayyildiz, 2003, p. 177; Dogan,2003, p. 65. Stigmagnathus Summers & Schlinger, 1955,p. 546.

Type speciesN. insolitus Willmann, 1952

DiagnosisNeognathus can be recognized by the following characters:idiosoma without dorsal shields or eyes; stylophore elon-gate, conical, tapered to a bifid point anteriorly; peritremesconfined to base of stylophore, W-shaped; outer arms ofperitreme may terminate in small lobules projecting fromsidewalls of inflated section of stylophore.

Neognathus ozkani sp. nov.(Figure 1)

DiagnosisThis species can be recognized by the following characters:tarsus IV with a solenidion (ω) and three pairs of cupules onthe opisthosoma and a pair of ear-like projections on lateralmargin of stylophore.

FemaleHolotype. Length of body (including gnathosoma) 354(333–374), width 164 (140–187) (n = 10).

ISSN 0164-7954 print/ISSN 1945-3892 online© 2012 Taylor & Francis; printed 31 January 2012http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2011.583275http://www.tandfonline.com

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Cel

al B

ayar

Uni

vers

itesi

] at

05:

17 0

1 Fe

brua

ry 2

012

International Journal of Acarology 41

Figure 1. Neognathus ozkani sp. nov., female: (A) dorsal view; (B) ventral view; (C) leg I; (D) leg II; (E) leg III; (F) leg IV; (G) palpus(Tr, trochanter; Fe, femur; Ge, genu; Ti, tibia; Ta, tarsus); (H) stylophore. m, first subcapitular setae of gnathosoma; n, second subcapitularsetae of gnathosoma.

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Cel

al B

ayar

Uni

vers

itesi

] at

05:

17 0

1 Fe

brua

ry 2

012

42 M. Akyol and K. Koç

Gnathosoma. Length of gnathosoma 78. Venter with twopairs of adoral setae (ad1–2) and two pairs of subcapitularsetae (n 16, m 29). Stylophore with a pair of ear-like pro-jections laterally (Figure 1H). Peritremes w-shaped, fusedmedially, each arm with four segments. Length of palp 138.Number of setae and solenidion (in parentheses) on palpaltrochanter 0, femur 1, genu 2, tibia 3 + 1 well-developedclaw, tarsus 4 + (1ω) + 4 eupathidia.

Dorsum. Dorsum without shields or eyes, striated. Dorsumwith 11 pairs of nude setae varying in length from 12 to 15.Three pairs of cupules on integument: one pair (ia) ante-riad of setae c1, one pair (im) laterad of setae d1 and onepair (ip) anterolaterad of f 1. Anal opening posteriorly withtwo pairs of setae (ps1–2). Distances between dorsal setae:vi–vi 19 (16–21), vi–sci 26 (26), sci–sci 44 (36–52), ve–sci22 (18–26), ve–ve 82 (65–99), ve–sce 25 (21–29), sce–sce125 (101–148), sce–c2 39 (36–42), c2–c2 129 (101–156),c1–c2 50 (39–60), c1–c1 30 (23–36), c1–d1 42 (36–47),d1–d1 34 (29–39), d1–e1 43 (39–47), e1–e1 45 (42–47),e1–f 1 43 (36–49), f 1–f 1 59 (52–65), f 1–h1 27 (23–31),h1-h1 11 (8–13), h1–h2 29 (29), h2–h2 59 (48–70).

Venter. Coxisternal shields absent. Setae 1a, 3a, 4a and 4cpresent, 1a and 3a not set on coxae (1a = 3a = 4a = 4c 26).Three pairs of aggenital setae (ag1 = ag2 = ag3 13) onintegument. Genital valves with two pairs of nude setae(g1 = g2 13); one pair of cupules (ih) laterad of genitalshields.

Legs. Lengths of legs I–IV (from base of femur to tipof tarsal claw): 174 (166–182) – 133 (130–135) – 133(130–135) – 169 (166–172). Setal formulae of legs I–IV(solenidia in parentheses): coxae 2-1-1-1, trochanters 1-1-2-1, femora 4-3-2-2, genua 5(+k)-5-3-3, tibiae 5(+ϕ+ϕρ)-5(+ϕρ)-4(+ϕρ)-4(+ϕρ), tarsi 13(+ω+ϕρ)-9(+ω+ϕρ)-7(+ω)-7(+ω).

Male. Unknown.

Type materialsHolotype female from litter beneath Verbascum sp., Ablakvillage, Emirdag district, at border of Eskisehir province,970 m above sea level (a.s.l.), 17 October 2004. Paratypes:six females from same locality as holotype and date; onefemale from litter beneath Quercus sp., Akdag Mountains,Dinar district, 900 m a.s.l., 19 May 2005; one femalefrom litter beneath Euphorbia sp., Emirdaglari, Kizilyolplace, B. Karabag town, Bolvadin district, 1600 m a.s.l.,18 June 2005; one female from litter beneath A. pseu-dalhagi, Derekarabag village, swamp of the Eber Lake,Bolvadin district, 980 m a.s.l., 21 August 2005; one femalefrom litter beneath Populus sp., Tasköprü place, Sultandagidistrict, 970 m a.s.l., 21 May 2005, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey,all coll. M. Akyol.

RemarksThe adult of N. ozkani sp. nov. is morphologically similarto that of N. davei Meyer & Ueckermann, 1989 in havingtarsus IV with a solenidion (ω) and three pairs of cupules inthe same location on the opisthosoma, but it can be distin-guished from N. davei by the following characters: (1) a pairof ear-like projections on the lateral margin of stylophore(without a pair of ear-like projections on the lateral mar-gin of stylophore in N. davei); (2) femur I with four setae(femur I with three setae in N. davei); (3) genu II withoutfamulus k (genu II with famulus k in N. davei); (4) tibiaIV with a solenidion (ϕρ) [tibia IV without a solenidion(ϕρ) in N. davei]; (5) chaetotaxy of tarsi also differs fromN. davei. In N. davei the body is 268 (252–290) long and110 (107–132) wide whereas in N. ozkani sp. nov. it is 354(333–374) long and 164 (140–187) wide.

EtymologyThe new species is named in honour of Prof. Dr. MuhlisÖzkan (Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey), our teacher andcolleague.

Genus Molothrognathus Summers & Schlinger

Molothrognathus Summers & Schlinger, 1955, p. 543;Soliman, 1971, p. 47; Meyer & Ueckermann, 1989, p. 19;Swift, 1996, p. 319; Liang & Zhang, 1997, p. 19; Koç& Ayyildiz, 1997, p. 47; Ueckermann & Khanjani, 2003,p. 293; Dogan, 2003, p. 68.

Type speciesM. leptostylus Summers & Schlinger, 1955

DiagnosisPeritremes originating medially on stylophore, immediatelybehind the cheliceral stylet bases.

Molothrognathus phytocolus Meyer & Ueckermann,1989

DiagnosisDorsum with shield-like area between setae vi and c1;dorsum with 12 pairs of simple setae; setae sce, c2, h1 andh3 longer than other dorsal setae; dorsal striae simple.

Material examinedOne female from litter beneath Pinus brutia, the MaymunMountains, Sarikavak village, Dazkiri district, 980 ma.s.l., Afyonkarahisar, Turkey, 17 December 2005, coll. M.Akyol.

Female. Length of body (including gnathosoma) 432,width 208.

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Cel

al B

ayar

Uni

vers

itesi

] at

05:

17 0

1 Fe

brua

ry 2

012

International Journal of Acarology 43

Dorsum. Length of dorsal setae: vi 17, sci 17, ve 18, sce65, c1 16, c2 42, d1 16, e1 18, f 1 18, h1 42, h2 12, h3 44.Distances between dorsal setae: vi–vi 36, vi–sci 36, sci–sci39, ve–sci 36, ve–ve 104, ve–sce 52, sce–sce 192, sce–c199, c2–c2 112, c1–c2 42, c1–c1 26, c2–d1 70, d1–d1 31,d1–e1 44, e1–e1 70, e1–f 1 57, f 1–f 1 44, f 1–h1 29, h1–h134, h2–h2 31, h3–h3 36.

Legs. Lengths of legs I–IV (from base of femur to tip oftarsal claw): 229-156-182-213.

DistributionsRepublic of South Africa (Meyer and Ueckermann 1989)and Turkey (this article).

RemarksThe Turkish specimens resemble the type specimens in allrespects except for in Turkish specimens cupules ip are pos-terolaterad of f 1 while it is anterolaterad of f 1 in the typespecimens.

Molothrognathus terrulentus Meyer & Ueckermann,1989

DiagnosisThe median striae on the prodorsum are differentiated ina spindle-shaped shield-like area; eupathidia on palptarsusstubby and forked distally; dorsum with 12 pairs of nudesetae; setae sce, c2, f 1, h1 and h3 longer than other dorsalsetae are distinctive characters of this species.

Material examinedOne deutonymph from litter beneath Ce. vulgaris, B.Karabag town, Bolvadin district, 1200 m a.s.l., 22 July2004; one female from litter beneath Ci. arietinum,Emirdaglari Mountains, Güneyagil place, B. Karabagtown, Bolvadin district, 1200 m a.s.l., 24 July 2005,Afyonkarahisar, Turkey, all coll. M. Akyol.

Female. Length of body (including gnathosoma) 421,width 182.

Dorsum. Length of dorsal setae: vi 23, sci 21, ve 26, sce109, c1 16, c2 104, d1 16, e1 18, f 1 42, h1 65, h2 16, h3 52.Distances between dorsal setae: vi–vi 47, vi–sci 49, sci–sci52, ve–sci 31, ve–ve 104, ve–sce 39, sce–sce 169, sce–c170, c2–c2 104, c1–c2 36, c1–c1 47, c2–d1 68, d1–d1 49,d1–e1 47, e1–e1 62, e1–f 1 39, f 1–f 1 42, f 1–h1 29, h1–h131, h2–h2 34, h3–h3 44.

Legs. Lengths of legs I–IV (from base of femur to tip oftarsal claw): 234-172-187-213.

Protonymph (Figure 2). Length of body (includinggnathosoma) 380, width 161.

Gnathosoma. Length of gnathosoma 78. Venter with twopairs of adoral setae (ad1–2) and one pair of subcapitu-lar setae (m 31). Stylophore conical. Tibial claw of palpusabout as long as palptarsus. Length of palpi 114. Number ofsetae and solenidion (in parentheses) on palpal trochanter0, femur 1, genu 1, tibia 3+1 well-developed claw, tarsus3+(1ω)+4 eupathidia.

Dorsum. Dorsal setae, cupules, spindle-shaped shield-likearea and striae similar to that of adult female. Anal shieldsposteriorly with two pairs of setae (ps1–2). Length of dorsalsetae: vi 21, sci 18, ve 21, sce 68, c1 18, c2 57, d1 18, e1 23,f 1 31, h1 52, h2 13, h3 52. Distances between dorsal setae:vi–vi 36, vi–sci 36, sci–sci 39, ve–sci 34, ve–ve 104, ve–sce34, sce–sce 156, sce–c1 65, c2–c2 104, c1–c2 29, c1–c1 42,c2–d1 62, d1–d1 42, d1–e1 34, e1–e1 55, e1–f 1 52, f 1–f 139, f 1–h1 29, h1–h1 31, h2–h2 21, h3–h3 31.

Venter. Coxisternal shields absent. Setae 1a, 3a, 4a present(1a 29, 3a 31, 4a 18); setae 4c, aggenital setae (ag1), genitalshields and genital setae (g1) absent.

Legs. Lengths of legs I–IV (from base of femur to tip oftarsal claw): 192-140-161-177. Setal formulae of legs I–IV(solenidia in parentheses): coxae 3-1-1-0, trochanters 1-1-1-0, femora 2-2-2-1, genua 5(+k)-5-2-1, tibiae 5(+ϕ+ϕρ)-5-4-4, tarsi 15(+ω)-10(+ω)-9-8.

DistributionRepublic of South Africa (Meyer and Ueckermann 1989)and Turkey (this article).

RemarksMeyer and Ueckermann (1989) mentioned a nymph of thisspecies, but did not describe or illustrate it in their paper.We examined paratype nymphs of M. terrulentus collectedin South Africa. The Turkish protonymph is morphologi-cally similar to that of South Africa. Here the protonymphof M. terrulentus Meyer & Ueckermann, 1989 is describedand illustrated.

Distribution key to genera and species of TurkeyCaligonellidae (females)

1. Peritremes emerging posteriorly or medially onstylophore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

– Peritremes emerging anteriorly on stylophore . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Caligonella Berlese

– All dorsal setae short and smooth, dorsum withoutshield-like structures, striae longitudinal on anteriorhalf of dorsum and extend mid-dorsally pass setae d;tibia I with solenidion ϕp times longer than ϕ . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ca. humilis (Koch)

2. Peritremes on laterobasal margins of stylophore, W-shaped Neognathus Willmann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Cel

al B

ayar

Uni

vers

itesi

] at

05:

17 0

1 Fe

brua

ry 2

012

44 M. Akyol and K. Koç

Figure 2. Molothrognathus terrulentus, protonymph: (A) dorsal view; (B) ventral view; (C) leg I; (D) leg II; (E) leg III; (F) leg IV; (G)palpus; (H) stylophore.

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Cel

al B

ayar

Uni

vers

itesi

] at

05:

17 0

1 Fe

brua

ry 2

012

International Journal of Acarology 45

– Peritremes emerging medially on stylophore, immedi-ately behind the stylet bases Molothrognathus Summers& Schlinger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

3. Tarsus IV with a solenidion (ω) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4– Tarsus IV without a solenidion (ω) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . N. terrestris (Summers & Schlinger, 1955)

4. Peritremes with four segments and stylophore with apair of ear-like projections laterally. . N. ozkani sp. nov.

– Peritremes with eight segments and stylophore withouta pair of ear-like projections laterally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . N. spectabilis (Summers & Schlinger, 1955)

5. Dorsum without shield; all dorsal setae same length. . 6– Dorsum with weak shield and all dorsum setae not same

length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

6. Dorsal body setae c1 and d1 much shorter than halfdistances between their bases . . M. kamili Dogan, 2003

– All dorsum setae same length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . M. venusta (Khaustov & Kuznetzov, 1997)

7. Setae sce and c2 same length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . M. terrulentus Meyer & Ueckermann, 1989

– Setae sce and c2 not same length. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

8. Dorsum with 11 setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . M. crucis Summers & Schlinger, 1955

– Dorsum with 12 setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .M. phytocolus Meyer & Ueckermann, 1989

AcknowledgementsThis study was a part of the PhD thesis of M. Akyol, completedin 2007 and supervised by K. Koç. We thank Dr. E. Ueckermann(ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, South Africa) for hisreview of the manuscript.

ReferencesChaudhri WM, Akbar S, Rasool A. 1979. Studies on the preda-

tory leaf inhabiting mites of Pakistan. Faisalabad (Pakistan):US Department of Agriculture and Pakistan AgriculturalResearch Council. PL 480, Programmes Project No. PK-Ars30, 334 pp.

Dogan S. 2003. On Caligonellid mites from Turkey (Acari:Caligonellidae). Archives De Sciences Genéve 56(32):63–67.

Dogan S, Ayyildiz N. 2003. First record of Neognathus terrestris(Acari, Caligonellidae) in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology27(3):177–180.

Fan Q-H. 2000. A phylogenetic analysis of the familyCaligonellidae (Acari: Prostigmata) with descriptionsof two new species. Acta Entomologica Sinica 43(4):421–428.

Grandjean F. 1944. Observations sur les acariens de la famille desStigmaeidae. Archives des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles26(5):103–131.

Kethley J. 1990. Acarina: Prostigmata (Actinedida). In: DindalDL, editor. Soil biology guide. New York (NY): John Wileyand Sons. p. 667–756.

Koç K, Ayyildiz N. 1996. Türkiye faunası için yeni bir CaligonellaBerlese (Acari, Prostigmata, Caligonellidae) türü. TurkishJournal of Zoology 20(1):67–70.

Koç K, Ayyildiz N. 1997. A new species of the MolothrognathusSummers and Schlinger (Acari: Prostigmata: Caligonellidae)from Turkey. Acarologia 38(1):47–50.

Liang L, Zhang ZQ. 1997. Key to species of the genusMolothrognathus (Prostigmata: Caligonellidae) with descrip-tion of a new species from Iran. Systematic and AppliedAcarology 1(Special Publication):19–24.

Meyer MKP, Ueckermann EA. 1989. African Raphignathoidea(Acari: Prostigmata). Entomology Memorial. Department ofAgriculture and Water Supply Republic of South Africa74:1–57.

Soliman ZR. 1971. Four new species of family Caligonellidae.Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique d′Egypte 55(2):95–104.

Summers FM. 1957. American species of Ledermuelleriaand Ledermuelleriopsis, with note on new synonym inNeognathus. Proceedings of the Entomological Society ofWashington 59(2):49–60.

Summers FM, Schlinger EI. 1955. Mites of the familyCaligonellidae (Acari). Hilgardia 23(12):539–561.

Swift SF. 1996. Hawaiian Raphignathoidea: family Caligonellidae(Acari: Prostigmata), with descriptions of five new speciesand key to genera and species. Annals of the EntomologicalSociety of America 89(3):313–327.

Ueckermann EA, Khanjani M. 2003. Iranian Caligonellidae(Acari: Prostigmata), with description of two new speciesand re-description of Molothrognathus fulgidus Summers andSchlinger, with a key to genera and species. Acarologia43(I):291–298.

Willmann C. 1952. Die Milbenfauna der NordseeinselWangerooge. Veroeffentlichungen des Instituts fuerMeeresforschung in Bremerhaven 1:139–186.

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Cel

al B

ayar

Uni

vers

itesi

] at

05:

17 0

1 Fe

brua

ry 2

012