csbkhHpapay;

முனைவர் ச. இராசசந்திரன்

பணிநினை சபராசிாியர், ம ாழியியல் துனை

த ிழ்ப் பல்கனைக் கழகம்

1

tpyA;Ffspd; fUj;Jg;ghpkhw;wk;

nUfhy; tpyA;Ffs; kl;Lk;jhd; BgRk; rf;jp bfhz;l caph; ndA;fs; MFk;.

nUg;gpDk; kdpj ndk; kl;Lk;jhd; fUj;Jg;ghpkhw;wj; jpwidf; bfhz;oUf;ftpy;iy.

kdpjid tpyA;Ffsplk; nUe;J gphpf;Fk; rpf;fy;fspd; xU gFjp bkhHp vt;thW gpw

tifahd fUj;Jjg;ghpkhw;wj;jpypUe;J BtWgLfpwJ vd;gij tpthpf;Fk; rpf;fyhFk;.

nijr; bra;ahky; kdpj ndk;jhd; BgRk; rf;jpiaf; bfhz;oUf;fpd;wJ vd;gijr;

rhjpf;f nayhJ. vdBt ehk; kdpj ndk; my;yhj tpyA;Ffspd;

fUj;Jg;ghpkhw;wj;ijf; fhz;Bghk;.

Bjdpf;fspd; fUj;Jg;ghpkhhw;wk;

Stickleback – nd; fUj;Jg;ghpkhw;wk;

Herring hulls – nd; fUj;Jg;ghpkhw;wk;

Gibbon – nd; fUj;Jg;ghpkhw;wk;

9- BtWgl;l Tty;fs;

fUj;Jg;ghpkhw;wr; brhy; vd;gJ gpw caphpdj;ijj; J]z;Lk; brayhFk;.

bkhHpapd; Kf;fpakhd gz;g[fs;

kdpj bkhHpapy; VG Kf;fpakhd gz;g[fs; cs;sd nJ BtW kdpj ndk;

my;yhj fUj;Jg;ghpkhw;wj;jpy; xU FGkkhf kPz;Lk; epfH;tjpy;iy. nit nUik

(Duality) tpisthf;fk; (Productive), nLFwpj;jd;ik (Arbitrariness), gA;Bfw;g[ khw;wk;

(Interchangebility), jdpj;jd;ik/ rpwg;g[j;jd;ik (Specialization) nlkhw;wk; (c) kw;Wk;

gz;ghl;Lg; guty; (Cultural transmission).

gpd;tUk; ml;ltid Bkw;brhd;d VG Kf;fpakhd gz;g[fs; ehk; Kd;dh;g; ghh;j;j

tpyA;Ffspd; bkhHpf; fUj;Jg;ghpkhhw;wA;fspYk; kdpj bkhHpf; fUj;Jg;ghpkhw;wA;fspYk;

vt;thW mike;Js;sd vd;gij btspg;gLj;Jk;.

nLFwpj;jd;ik

bkhHpapd; ve;jf; Tw;Wk; (Utterance) mk;bkhHpa[Ys;s xypad;fspd; thpirahy;

MdJ mBj rkak; bkhHpapd; ve;jf; Tw;Wk; mk;bkhHpapd; cUgd;fspd; thpirahy;

MdJ. Xt;bthU cUgDk; xypad;fspd; thpirKiwahy; gy tHpfspy; cUg;gLj;jk;

bra;ag;gLk;. nJjhd; nUik vd;W miHf;fg;gLfpwJ. bkhHpf;F xypadpd;

xGA;FKiwa[k; (Phonological System) kw;Wk; nyf;fz xGA;FKiwa[k; (Grammatical

System) cz;L.

Cinematic mikg;g[ kw;Wk; Plerematice Structures

Bjdpf;fspd;;

eldk;

Stickle Back

nidaf;fth;j

y;

Leering gule

Fq;Rfisg;

guhkhpj;jy;

Gibbon –

nd;

Tty;fs;

kdpj

bkhHp

nUik ny;iy (?) ny;iy ny;iy ny;iy Mkhk;

tpisthf;fk; Mkhk; ny;iy ny;iy ny;iy Mkhk;

nLFwpj;jd;ik RpwpJ _ _ rpwpJ kpff;

TLjy;

gA;fspg;g[

khw;wk;

Mkhk; ny;iy ny;iy Mkhk; Mkhk;

jdpj;jd;ik Mkhk; rpwpJ ? Mkhk; Mkhk;

nlkhw;wk; Mkhk; ny;iy ny;iy ny;iy Mkhk;

gz;ghl;Lf;

flj;jy;

ny;iy ny;iy ny;iy ny;iy (?) Mkhk;

bkhHpapd; Cenematic mikg;g[ xypadpay; MFk;. bkhHpapd; Plerematic mikg;g[

nyf;fzk; MFk;.

xypad;fspd; bkhHp Cinemas MFk;.

cUgd;fs; bkhHp Pleremes MFk;.

tpisthf;fk;

tpisthf;fk; vd;gJ xGA;fikg;gpd; rpy bra;jpfs; Plerematically Complex MFk;.

mjhtJ mit nuz;Blh mjw;F BkByh Pleremes – nd; thpir Kiwahy; MdJ.

tpisthf;fk; nUikapypUe;J BtWgl;lJ.

nLFwpj;jd;ik (Arbitrary)

Arbitrory vd;w MA;;fpyr; brhy;ypw;F nLFwpj;jd;ik vd;gJ epfuhdr;

brhy;yhFk;. Plereme – f;Fk; mjd; bghUz;ikf;Fk; nilapy; (Geometrical) xw;Wik

(Similarity) nUe;jhy; mJ fhuzj;jd;ikahdJ vdyhk;. ny;yhtpoy; me;j

bghUz;ik cwt[ nLFwpj;jd;ikahdJ. nJ nLFwp + jd;ik = nLFwpj;jd;ik vd;W

jkpHpy; tHA;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Bjdpf;fspd; eldk; KGtJk; fhuzj;jd;ikahdJ (Iconic).

kdpj bkhHp KGtJk; nLFwpj;jd;ikahdJ.

gA;fspg;g[ khw;wk; (Interchangeability)

Inter changeability vd;w MA;fpyr; brhy;;;ypw;F gA;fspg;g[ khw;wk; vd;gJ epfuhdr;

brhy;yhFk;. xU xGA;F Kiwapd; bra;jpfis btspapLk; trjp bfhz;l

fUj;Jg;ghpkhw;wj;;jpy; gA;bfLf;Fk; caph; mBj xGA;F Kiwapd; bra;jpfisg; bgw;Wf;

bfhs;st[k; trjpf; bfhz;lJ gA;fspg;g[ khw;wk; vd;W bghUs;gLk;. nJ gA;fspg;g[ +

khw;wk; = gA;fspg;g[ khw;wk; vd;W jkpHpy; tHA;fg;gLk;.

bkhHpiag; bghUj;jtiuapy; xU bkhHpiag; BgRgth; bfhs;ifg;go mijf;

Bfl;gtuhft[k; nUg;gh;. BjdPf;fspd; eldKk; Goboom nd; Tty;fSk; gA;fspg;g[

khw;wk; bfhz;lJ Mdhy; gpw tpyA;F xGA;FKiwfspd; gA;fspg;g[ khw;wk; ny;;yhjd.

Stickle back –nd; ndf;fth;r;rp FwpaP;l;L Kiwapy; (Courtship Signaling) gA;fspg;g[ khw;wk;

ny;iy.

jdpj;jd;ik (Specialization)

Specialization vd;w MA;fpyr; brhy;ypw;F jdpj;jd;ik vd;gJ epfuhdr;

brhy;yhFk;. ve;j fUj;Jg;ghpkhw;wr; braYk; tptuizg;go ce;jiy J]z;liy

cs;slf;Fk;. fUj;Jg;ghpkhhw;wk; ve;j mst[f;F jdpj;jd;ik tha;e;jJ vd;gij

eph;zapf;f ehk; xGA;FKiwapd; bra;jpfspd; my;yJ bray;fspd; J]z;ly; tpisita[k;

(Triggering Consequence) Beuo bgsjpf tpisita[k; xg;gpl Btz;Lk;. mit TLjy;

bjhlh;g[ilaJ vd;why; xGA;FKiw jdpj;jd;ik mw;wJ vd;Wk; mitfSf;Fs;

Fwpg;gpl;l cwt[ ny;;;;;iy vd;why; xGA;FKiw jdpj;jd;ik tha;e;jJ vd;Wk; fUjyhk;.

nJ jkpHpy; jdp + jd;;;ik = jdpj;jd;ik vd;W tHA;fg;gLk;.

czt[ Bkiria xGA;F bra;tJk; xUth; iffGt[tJk; Beuoahd bgsjpf tpist[

vdyhk;. J]z;ly; tpist[fs; FLk;gj;jpd; mA;fj;jpdh;fs; cw;rhfk; bgWtJ ne;jr;

bray;fs; nuz;Lk; xd;Wf;bfhd;W TLjy; bjhlh;g[ilait. khwhf rhg;ghL jahh;

vd;W TWtJ braw;ghL mog;golapy; bjhlh;g[ilajy;y vdBt nJ TLjy;

jdpj;jd;ikahdJ. Stickle back – nd; ndf;fth;r;rp FwpaPl;L xGA;fikg;g[ (Signaling

System) jdpj;jd;ikahdJ my;y.

nlkhw;wk; (Displacement)

Displacement vd;w MA;fpyr; brhy;;ypw;F nlkhw;wk; vd;gJ epfuhdr;

brhy;;yhFk;. XU bra;jpapd; Kd; epfH;t[fs; (Antecedents) kw;Wk; tpist[fs; ntw;wpd;

Kf;fpakhdg; gz;g[f;TWfs; ghpkhw;wj;jpd; (Transmission) fhyj;jhYk; nlj;jhYk; tpyfp

nUg;gJ nlkhw;wk; vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gLk;. nJ nlk; + khw;wk; = nlkhw;wk; vd;W

jkpHpy; tHA;fg;gLfpwJ.

kdpjg;; Bgr;R ne;j mh;j;jj;jpy; nlkhw;wk; cs;sJ. fPH; epiy tpyA;fpdA;fspd;

FwpaPl;L xGA;F Kiwapy; nlkhw;wj;ijf; fhz nayhJ. nUg;gpDk; BjdPf;fspd;

FwpaPl;L xGA;FKiwapy; nlkhw;wk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. Bjd; nUf;Fk; nlj;jpy; itj;J

BjdPf;fs; fUj;Jg;ghpkhw;wk; bra;tjpy;iy. MdhYk; kdpjh;fisg; Bghy; ePz;lfhy

nilbtspf;Fg; gpd; BjdPf;fshy; fUj;Jg; ghpkhw nayhJ.

gz;ghl;Lf; flj;jy; (Cultural Transmission)

Cultural Transmission vd;w MA;fpyr; brhy;;ypw;F gz;ghl;Lf; flj;jy; vd;gJ

epfuhdr; brhy;yhFk;. nJ gz;ghl;L + flj;jy; = gz;ghl;Lf; flj;jy; vd;W jkpHpy;

tHA;fg;gLfpwJ. ve;j fUj;Jg;ghpkhw;w xGA;FKiwapYk; xU caph; gA;bfLf;f

Btz;Lkhdhy; me;;j xGA;Kiwapd; kug[fs; me;j capUf;Fj; bjhpe;jpUf;f Btz;Lk;.

nuz;L caphpay; bewp Kiwahy; nJ bgw;wpUf;fg;gl Btz;Lk;. KjyhtJ kugZ

rhh;e;j (Genetic) bewpKiw bgw;Bwhh;fsplkpUe;Bjh bgwg;gl;l xU jdpeghpd;

kugZf;fs; (Genes), tsh;r;rpapd; mikg;bghGA;ifa[k; jdpeghpd; elj;ij

mikg;bghGA;ifa[k; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;. nuz;lhtJ gz;ghL rhh;e;j bewpKiw gz;ghl;L

bewpKiwahy; bgwg;gLk; xGf;fk; (Habit) fw;wiy cs;slf;Fk;; vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf g{id

vypiaj; Juj;jf; fw;Wf; bfhs;tJ, xU FHe;ij bkhHpiaf; fw;Wf; bfhs;tJ Bghd;wd.

Mdhy; fw;wy; kl;Lk; xU xGf;fj;ij gz;ghf;fk; bra;ahJ. fw;gpj;jypd; xU TWk;

mjpy; nUf;f Btz;Lk;.

Herring gull – nd; fw;wypy; gz;ghl;Lg; guty; ny;iy. Vbdd;why; Herring gull

– nd; elj;ij cs;Szh;t[ mog;golapyhdJk;, ekf;Fj; bjhpe;j tiuapy; kugZ

rhh;e;j bewpKiw bjhlh;r;rpahdJ gz;ghL rhh;e;j bewpKiw xU vy;iyf;Fl;gl;lJ.

gz;ghl;Lf; flj;jYf;F rpy kugZ rhh;e;j myFk; Kd; BjitahFk;. tpyA;Ffshy;

kdpjdhy; Xust[f;F gz;g[ khw;wk; bra;ag;glyhk;. kdpj ndk; kl;Lk;jhd;

fyitj;jd;ikahd gz;ghl;ilf; bfhz;lJ.

kdpj bkhHpfspd; kug[fs; kugZ mog;gilapy;jhd; xU jiyKiwapypUe;J

kw;bwhU jiyKiwf;Ff; flj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. gpw ve;j fUj;Jg;ghpkhw;w xGA;fikg;g[k;

gz;ghl;L mog;gilapy; flj;jg;gltpy;iy xust[f;F Gibbon Tty;fs; gz;ghl;L

mog;gilapy; flj;jjg;gLtjhff; fUj nlKz;L.

gz;ghl;Lf; flj;;jypd; Kf;fpakhd myF nkpl;Bl&d; MFk;. kdpj ndk;

ne;jj; jpwdpy; gpw caphpdA;fspypUe;J gphpe;J epw;fpwJ.

bkhHpapaYk; cstpaYk; (Psycho-linguistics)

Psycho linguistics vd;w MA;fpyr; brhy;ypw;F cs bkhHpapay; vd;gJ epfuhdr;

brhy;yhFk;. csbkhHpapay; vd;gJ nyf;fpaj; jpwdha;t[ (Literary Criticism) kw;Wk;

bkhHpf;FiwghL, tpyA;Ffspd; fUj;Jg;ghpkhw;wk; kw;Wk; kdpjdpd; vz;zr; bray;ghLfs;

kw;Wk; jfty; Bfhl;ghL (Information Theory) Bghd;w nay;fisg; Bghy; BtWgl;lJ.

csbkhHpapaiyg; gad;gLj;JgtUf;F nilapy; ve;j gug;g[ csbkhHpapaypd; gFjpahff;

fUjg;gl Btz;Lk; vd;gjpy; cld;ghL ny;iy. cs + bkhHpapay; = csbkhHpapay;

vd;W jkpHpy; tHA;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

csbkhHpapay; mjd; bfhs;iffisa[k;, Bfhl;ghl;L kw;Wk; Ma;t[r; rl;lfA;fisa[k;

cstpay;, bkhHpapay;, jfty; bjhHpy; El;gk;, (Information Enginring), euk;g[ clypay;

(Nero Physiology) kw;Wk; tpyA;F FwpaPl;oay; (Zoosemietics) vd;gdtw;iw cs;slf;fpa

nuz;L my;;yJ mjw;F Bkw;gl;l nay;fspUe;;J vLf;fpd;wJ.

cstpay; gapw;rp bgw;w gy bkhHpapayhsh;fs; csbkhHpapaiy bkhHpapaypd;

ePl;rpahff; fUJfpd;wdh;;. nJBghy; bkhHpapaypy; gapw;rp bgw;w cstpayhsh;fs;

csbkhHpapaiy cstpaypd; ePl;rpahff; fUJfpd;wdh;. ne;j xUjiy Behf;F Ma;t[

bewpKiwfspYk; fz;Lgpog;g[fspd; mwpf;ifapYk; gpujpgypf;Fk;.

bkhHpapay; cstpaypy; nUe;J K}yj;ij vLj;Jf; bfhz;L mjd;

fUj;Jf;fisa[k; Ma;ita[k; kWkhw;wk; bra;Jbfhz;Ls;sJ. g[w elj;ij

mZFKiwapd; (Behaviorist Approach) mog;gilapy; mike;j g[Sk;gPy;od;

mikg;gpay; thjj;ij vLj;Jf; fhl;lhff; Twyhk;.

M!;Fl; (Osgood) kw;Wk; brbgahf; (Sebeok) (Osgood and Sebeok, 1965)

vd;Bghh; csbkhHpapy; bra;jpfSf;Fk; mtw;iwj; Bjh;e;bjLj;J bghUs; Bfhz;ik

bra;;a[k; kdpjj; jdpegh;fspd; FzA;fSf;Fk; cs;s cwt[fSld; bjhlh;g[ilaJ vd;gh;.

nJ kpfg;gue;j tptuizahFk;. BkYk; nJ ehk; kdpj g[w elj;ij vd;W

Fwpg;gpLtdtw;wpy; bgUk;ghyhdtw;iw cs;slf;fyhk;. csbkhHpapaypy; ehk;

kdBjhLk; clk;BghLk; bjhlh;g[ila bkhHpa[ld; ftdk; brYj;Jfpd;Bwhk;.

bkhHpg;BgW (Language Acquisition)

Language Acquisition vd;w brhy;;ypw;F bkhHpg; BgW Nl;lk; vd;gJ epfuhdr;

brhy;yhFk;. bkhHpg; Bgiw tpsf;f Kf;fpakhf nuz;L mZFKiwfs; nUf;fpd;wd.

KjyhtJ mZFKiw bkhHpahdJ gpw elj;ijfisg; Bghy; fw;fg;gLfpwJ.

nuz;lhtJ mZFKiw bkhHp cs;shh;e;j mwpt[ mog;gilahdJ. cz;ikahd

fw;wy; R{H;epiy my;yJ Bjit ny;iy vdyhk;.

ne;;;j vy;;yh Bfhl;ghLfSk; bkhHp Kd;;Bdw;wkhd braw;ghA;F mjhtJ bkhHp

mikg;gpd; Kd;Bdw;wkhd btspg;ghL my;yJ fw;wy; nUf;fpwJ vd;gij xj;Jf;;

bfhs;fpd;wd. ne;j Kd;Bdw;wkhd btspg;ghL m;y;;;;;yJ fw;wy; g[ydwp kw;Wk; bgsjpf

cWjpg;gLif fw;wy; my;yJ Kjph;r;rp ntw;wpd; Kd;Bdw;wkhd btspg;ghLld;

beUf;fkhfj; bjhlg;g[ilaJ. rpyh; g[ydwpt[ bgsjpfk;, bkhHpapay; Mfpa jsA;fspy;

elf;Fk; ne;j Kd;Bdw;wkhd btspg;ghL my;yJ mikg;g[fspd; fw;wiyj; jdpahfg;

ghh;;;f;fyhk;. BtW rpyh; bkhHp rhh; Kjph;;;;;;r;rpapd;; Rje;jpukhd epiyia Vw;Wf;

bfhs;tjpy;iy. nUg;gpDk; vy;yh jsA;fSf;Fk; BghJkhd mst[ Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

jUfpw xUA;fpize;j kw;Wk; KGtJk; bjhlh;g[s;s mZFKiwiaj; bjhpe;bjLj;jy;

ey;;yJ.

bkhHpg; BgW braw;ghA;fpd; rpy gz;g[fs; (Some Characteristics of Language Accusation

Prcess)

bkhHpg; Bgwpd; Twj;jf;f cz;ik vd;dbtd;why; FHe;;;ij bkhHpiag; bgWk;

BtfkhFk;. bkhHp xU fyitj;jd;ikahd nay; epfH;r;rp (Phenomenon) nay;;ghd

FHe;;ij ne;j kpff; fyitj;jd;ikahd nay; epfH;r;rpia Mr;rhpag;glj;jf;f Btfj;jpy;

rhjfkpy;yhj R{Hypy; mile;J tpLfpwhh;fs;. bkhHpg; Bgwpd; Btfk; FHe;ij

bkhHpiag; bgwj; bjhlA;Fk;. rK}fg;; bghUshjhu R{H;epiyfshy;

fl;Lg;gLj;jg;glhjJ. tuyhw;whByh gz;ghl;lhByh FHe;;ijahy; bgwg;gl;l bkhHpapd;

fyitj;jd;ikahByh fl;Lg; gLj;;jg;glhjJ. bkhHpiag; bgw FHe;ijfSf;Fj;

Bjitahd fhy ePl;r;rp Vwf;Fiwa rkkhdjhff; fz;L bfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. xU bkhHp

FGkj;;jpw;Fs; nay;;;ghd FHe;ij bkhHpapd; nyf;fzj;;;ij xBu khjphp Fiwthd

fhyj;jpy; xBu Btfj;jpy; bgw;WtpLfpd;;;;;wJ.

bgw;Bwhh;fisg; bghWj;jtiuapy; FHe;ijfSf;F ftdkhd NLghl;Lld; fy;;;;;;tp

jUtjpy;iy. FHe;ijfSf;Fk; bgw;Bwhh;fSf;Fk; nlilapyhd R{Hy; fw;wy; my;;yJ

fw;gpj;;jYf;F mg;ghw;gl;lJ. bghJthf bgw;Bwhh;fs; FHe;ijfspd; bjhlf;ff;;fhy

Bgr;rpd; totg; gz;g[f; TWfspy; cs;s jtWfis Beh; bra;a KaYtjpy;iy. jtWfs;

bgw;Bwhh;fshy; urpf;fg;gLk;. ehk; cz;ik kjpg;gpy; cs;s jtWfis Beh; bra;;a

Kay;Bthk;. ehk; FHe;ijfspd; Bgr;ir mjd; cs;slf;fj;jhy; (Contend)

tHpfhl;lg;gl;Lj;jhd; kW Cf;fk; bra;;;Bthk;. nj;Jld; xU FHe;ij bkhHpapd;

BtWgl;l khjphpfis (Samples) BehpLfpd;;;;;;w ntw;wpy; rpyBt gyBth nyf;fzj;jd;ik

my;yJ nirt[ ny;yhky; nUf;fyhk;. nUe;jBghjpYk; BtWgl;l

bkhHpf;FLk;gA;fisr; rhh;e;j ne;j cyfpYs;s vy;yh nay;;ghd FHe;ijfSk; K}d;W

my;yJ ehd;F Mz;Lfspy; bkhHpg; BgW bgw;W tpLfpd;wdh;.

ehk; FHe;ijfspd; Bgr;irf; ftdpj;;jhy; Bghyr; bra;jypd; (Imitation)

gz;g[fisa[k; kdg;ghlkhff; fw;wiya[k; (rote learning) fhzyhk;. nUg;gpDk;

KGtJk; tpisthf;fg; gz;g[jhd; (productive characteristics) Kf;;fpa/mjpfhu gA;fspg;g[

bra;fpd;;;;wJ. FHe;ijfs; bgUk;ghYk; bjhluapay; tsh;r;rpapd; Muk;gf; fhyj;jpd;

taJf;F te;jth;fisg; Bghyr; bra;tjpd; Kaw;r;rpapy; Bjhw;WtpLfpd;wd. thf;fpaA;fisj;

jhkhfBt jpObud;W cUthf;Ftjpy; btw;wp bgWfpd;wd. BkYk; FHe;ijfs; TLjyhd

g[jpa tHpfspy; jhA;fs; fw;Wf;bfhz;l mikg;g[fisg; gad;gLj;j jpwika[ilath;fshf

Mfpd;wdh;. gy Tw;Wfs; bjhlhpay; epiyapy; rPuhdjhf nUf;fyhk;. Mdhy;

bghUz;ik epiyapy; g[jpjhdit mitfs; jA;fs; bgw;Bwhh;fshByh jhA;fshByh

Twg;glhjjhf nUf;Fk;.

rhk;!;fp khjphp (Chomsky model)

Chomsky model vd;gjw;F rhk;!;fp khjphp vd;gJ epfuhdr; bhy;yhFk;.

Mf;fKiw khw;wpyf;fzj;jhh; FHe;ij bfhz;oUf;Fk; bkhHp mDgtk; kw;Wk;

FHe;ijaplk; cs;s cs;SW bkhHpj;jpwd; (Innate Linguistic Capacity) ntw;wpw;fpilBa

cs;s Clhl;lj;jpd; tpist[ jhd; bkhHpBgW vd;W bfhs;fpd;wdh;. vdBt mth;

bkhHpg; Bgwpd; Bfhl;ghl;il tpsf;f FHe;ijapd; cs;SW jpwdpd; tpsf;fk;

mDgtj;Jld; mtw;wpd; Clhl;lk; ntw;iwj; jUtija[k; naw;ifahf mwpt[k;

bkhHpg;gad;ghLk; vt;thW tsh;fpwJ vd;gijf; fhl;Ltija[k; Behf;fkhff; bfhs;fpwhh;.

mtUila Bfhl;ghL bkhHp kpf Btfkhfg; bgwg;gLtijf; ftdj;;jpy; bfhs;fpd;wJ;

BkYk; FHe;ij ehd;F tajhFk; BghJ bkhHpg; BgW xU Kot[f;F te;JtpLk; vd;gija[k;

ftdj;jpy; bfhs;fpd;wJ. Mf;fKiw nyf;fzj;jhh; ne;j tpiuthd bkhHpg; BgW

bkhHp mUtkhf;fj;jhy; (Linguistics Abstractions) rhj;jpakhfr; bray;gLfpd;wJ vd;W

bfhs;fpd;wdh;. bkhHp mUtkhf;fy; mf mikg;gpw;Fk; g[w mikg;gpw;Fk; nilBa

cs;s cwt[fSld; Beuoj; bjhlh;g[ilaJ. bkhHpg; Bgwpd; ne;jf; Bfhl;ghL mf

mikg;iga[k; g[w mikg;iga[k; bjhlh;g[gLj;Jk; khw;wA;fspd; (Transformations) Bgiwj;

jUfpwJ.

elj;ijapd; euk;g[ clw; Twpay; khjphpfs; (Neuron Physiological Models of Behavior)

bghJ Tw;Wfs;

vy;;;yh rK}fA;fspYk; mwpt[ flt[shy; jug;gl;l md;gspg;g[ vd;w ek;gpf;if nUf;fpd;wJ.

vy;yh rK}fA;fspYk; K}isiaa[k; mwpita[k; bjhlh;;;;;g[gLj;Jk; ek;gpf;ifa[k; nUf;fpwJ.

bkhHpapy; mwpt[ K}isapypUe;;J tUtjha;f; Twg;gl;L te;jJ, ne;;j ek;gpf;iff;Ff;

fhuzkha; mikfpd;wJ. gy rK}fA;fs; kdk;, K}is kw;Wk; kdpjdpd; elj;ijiaf;

fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjhff; fUJfpd;wd. fpspdpf;fs; euk;gpayhh;fSk; (Clinical Neurologists),

euk;g[ clw;; Twpayhh;;fSk; (Neuro physiologists), euk;g[ cstpashyh;;fSk; (Neuro

psychologists) gy;BtWgl;l kdk; kw;Wk; bgsjpf bray;ghLfspd; rhpahd brhpguy;

Ftpaplj;ijj; (Cerebral Localization) fz;Lgpof;Fk; Ma;tpy; NLgLfpd;wdh;.

ek;Kila elj;;ij ekJ euk;g[ xGA;F Kiwapd; cw;gj;;jpg; bghUshFk;. ne;j cz;ik

cstpashyh;;fshy; Vw;Wf; bfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. gy cstpashyh;fs; mth;;fspd;

Bfhl;ghLfspd; mog;gilahf euk;g[ clw;TW fl;Lfisg; (neuro physiological

constructs) gad;gLj;;;;;;Jfpd;wdh;. bkhHpapashyUk; njw;F tpsf;fy;y. nUg;gpDk;

tpsf;fA;fisg; ghh;f;ftpaYk; elg;g[fspd; (observable phenomena) kPJ mikf;Fk;

tYthd Bghf;F nUf;;fpd;wJ. njd; tpisthf clw;TW fl;Lfs; cstpay;

Bfhl;ghLfspy; tpsf;fp itf;;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

g[[Sk;gPy;L bkhHpapd; csr;rhh;ghd bghUs; Bfhz;ikf;F vjpuhd fUj;;;Jf; bfhz;L

elj;ij mZFKiwia iff;bfhs;fpd;whh;. bkhHpapayhh; jA;fSila fsj;ijj;

jdpahf epWt Kad;wdh;. mth;fs; cstpay; kw;Wk; euk;gpay; fUj;Jf;fisj; js;sp

itf;;fpd;wdh;.

ika kw;Wk; g[w xGA;FKiwfs; (Central and Peripheral Systems)

euk;g[ xGA;FKiwia ika kw;Wk; g[w xGA;FKiwfs; vd;W gphpf;fyhk;. K}isa[k;

jz;LtlKk; (Spinal Cord) ika xGA;;FKiwia cUthf;Ffpd;;;;;;;;;;;;;wJ. g[w xGA;FKiw ika

euk;g[ xGA;FKiwa[ld; clk;gpd; vy;yh gFjpfisa[k; nizf;Fk; eug;g[ niHfshy;

MdJ. g[w euk;g[ xGA;FKiwapd; euk;g[ niHfs; czh;;t[ rhh;e;jitahfBth

(Sensor) naf;fk; rhh;e;jjhfBth (motor) nUf;fyhk;. czh;;t[ rhh;e;j niHfs; btspj;

J]z;lyhy; bjhlA;fg;gl;l czh;t[j;J]z;ly;fisg; bghJthf ika euk;g[

xGA;FKiwf;Ff; flj;Jk;. g[w euk;g[fspd; naf;f niHfs; (motor fibers)

bghUj;jkhd jir naf;fA;fis cUthf;f clk;;;;;gpd; ghfA;fSf;F euk;;g[j;

Jog;g[fisf; (neuro pulses) flj;Jk;. g[w xGA;FKiwapd; gpw niHfSk; nUf;fpd;wd.

ne;j niHfs; clk;;;;;;;;gpd; cs;SWg;g[fSFr; bry;;fpd;wd. kw;Wk; neej cs;SWg;g[fspd;

bray;;ghl;ilf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;;;wd.

ika euk;g[ xGA;FKiw bgUk;ghyhd kdpj elj;ijapd; xUA;fpidg;ghFk;

(coordination) tHpfhl;lYf;Fk; (direction) bghWg;ghFk;. ika euk;g[ xGA;FKiw g[w

euk;g[fshy; bfhz;L tug;gl;l jfty;fis tifg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ; jftiy g[hpe;J

bfhs;fpd;wJ; kw;Wk; bghUj;jkhd braiyj; bjhlA;fyhk;.

ika euk;;g[ xGA;FKiw goepiy mikg;gpy; (Hierarchical liner)

xGA;FgLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. jz;Ltlk; bjhlf;fj; jftypd; bghUs;BfhSf;Fk;

jhdpapaA;F gpujpgypg;g[g; gjpy;fs; (automatic reflex responses) Bghd;w bjhlf;fr;

bray;ghl;ow;Fk; fUj;Jilajha; nUf;fpd;wJ. ne;j goepiy mikg;gpy; K}is cah;

kl;lj;jpy; nUg;gjhff; fUjyhk;.

glk;

jz;Ltlj;jpd; Bky; K}isapy; nUf;Fk; bkLyh Mg;;yA;Bfl;lh K}r;Rrhh;e;j, nuj;j

Xl;lk; rhh;e;j, kw;Wk; brhpj;jy; rhh;e;j xGA;FKiwfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;.

brhpbgy;yk; clk;;;;;gpd; nUg;g[ kw;Wk; naf;fk; kw;Wk; jirfs; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; naf;fk;

ntw;;iwg; gw;wp jftiyg; bgWfpd;wJ. ika miutl;lf; BfhsA;fs; MHkhd

gs;sA;fisf; (Deep Convolutions) bfhz;oUf;Fk;. mitt jhH;;;;;e;j bray;;ghLfisa[k;

epidt[ (Memory), czh;;t[ (Consciousness) kw;Wk; jd;;tpUg;gr; bray;ghLfs; (voluntary

activities) ntw;iwf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;. kdpj K}isapd; miutl;l BfhsA;fs; tpyA;Ffspd;

K}isfspy; fhzg;glhj TLjy; fyitj;;jd;ikiiaf; bfhz;oUf;Fk;. miutl;lf;

BfhsA;fspd; kof;fg;gl;l Bkw;;gug;g[ epa{uhdpd;;; bjhFg;g[fisf; bfhz;oUf;Fk;. ne;j

bjhFg;g[fs; brhpguy; fhh;blf;!; vd;W miHf;fg;gLk;.

Bgr;Rf; FHe;ijia rpe;jid Bgr;rpd; jpUk;gpg; bgWif Bghd;wtw;wpy; NLgLk;

euk;;gpd; brayl;;ghLfs; nd;Wtiu bjspthf tpsA;fg;gltpy;iy. nUg;gpDk; ek;kplk;

ne;j fsj;jpy; jfty;fisg; bgwt[k; Ma;t[fs; bra;at[k; gytif naf;f bewpfs;

nUf;fpd;;wd.

mwptpay; mwpqh;fs; euk;g[r; brhay;ghLfspd; Ma;it tpyA;Ffisg; gad;gLj;;jp

bra;Js;sdh;. Beuoahd Ma;t[k; ghjpg;gpw;F cs;shd K}isapy;

Bkw;bfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd. ne;;j Beuoahd ghpBrhjidfspy; nUe;J Bgr;R cw;gj;jpf;Fk;

g[hpe;J bfhs;sYf;Fk; brhpguy; fhh;blf;!pd; rpy Ftpag;gLj;jg;gl;l nlA;fis

(Localized Areas) ekf;Fj; bjhpa te;jJ. ne;jg; ghpBrhjidfs; K}isapd;

bgUk;ghfj;ijg; Bgr;rpd; cw;gj;jpiaa[k; g[hpe;J bghs;siya[k; ghjpf;fhky; vLj;J

tplyhk; vd;W fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

Bgr;R cw;gj;jp ika euk;g[ xGA;FKiwapy; cah;;e;j epiyapypUe;J

bjhlA;Ffpd;wJ; Mdhy; Bfl;g[r; bray;ghL (Learning Process) mfr; brtpapy;

bjhlA;Ffpd;wJ. mfr; brtp Fwpfisg; (Signals) bgWfpd;wJ; ne;jf; Fwpfs; brhpguy;

fhh;blf;;;;;;;rpd; czh;;;t[ ikaA;fSf;Ff; (Sensory Centers) flj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

nk;khjphpahd Fwpfs; flj;;jgLk; BghJ rpy jfty; braw;;ghA;F rpdhg;;;r!; (Synapses)

ny; elf;Fk;. ne;j jfty; ika euk;g[ xGA;FKiwf;F vLj;Jr; bry;;yg;gLk;.

njw;FBky; KGikahd kw;Wk; rpf;fyhd jpUk;gg; bgWk; fz;zp (Complicated Feed Back

Loop) nUf;fpwJ; njdhy; g[w cWg;g[fspd; Bky; fl;LghL Vw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

ne;jj; jfty; bray;ghL vd;d, vt;thW, Vd; vd;w tpsf;fk; ekf;F ny;;iy.

vt;thW xypapaf;ff; Fwpg;g[fs; fhjhy; bgwg;gl;L ika euk;;g[ xGA;fikg;g[f;Ff;

flj;jg;gLfpd;;;wJ vd;;;gJ nd;Dk; nufrpakhfBt nUf;fpd;wJ. vt;thW ekJ fhJ

vt;thW Fuy; jd;ikia (Loudness) mwpfpd;wJ, vt;thW fyitj;jd;iiahd xypfis

RuA;fspd; TWfshf (Component Tones) Ma;;;;;;fpd;wJ Bghd;;wit gw;wp ekf;Fj; bjhpahJ.

jw;Bghij ghh;it xyp miyfspd; epfH;btz;fis Ma[k; mfr; brtpapd; jpwDf;F

Kf;fpaj;Jtk; jUfpd;wJ.

fw;fg;gl;l elj;ijiaj; jf;fitg;gjw;F euk;g[ mog;gil (Neural Basis) gw;wp

nUtifahd mgpg;gpuhaA;fs; nUf;fpd;wd. naf;fg; ghh;itapy; (Dynamic View) fw;wy;

R{Hy; bghUj;jkhd euk;;g[ Rw;Wfspy; (Neural Cirenits) bjhlh;fpd;w kpd; bray;ghl;ow;F

(Continuing Electrical Activity) bfhz;L bry;;;fpd;wJ. epidt[ (Memory) ne;j Rw;Wfspy;

bjhlh;;r;rpahd kpd; bray;;ghl;od; jf;fitg;g[ld; bjhlh;g[ilaJ. mikg;g[g;ghh;itapy;

(Structural View) fw;wy; R{Hy; euk;g[ xGA;FKiwapy; VBjh ePz;lehs; nUf;Fk; bgsjpf

khw;wj;;jpw;F bfhz;L bry;fpd;wJ.

euk;;;gpayhh; (Neurologist) jdpg;gl;l egh;fspd; fw;wy; jpwd;fspd; BtWghl;ow;;fhd

fhuzj;ij mwpa K}isapd; caphpay; Btjpay; bray;ghl;ilf; fz;L bfhs;s

Kay;fpd;wdh;.

g[yDzh;tpd; naf;ff; Bfhl;ghLk; g[yDzh;;;tpd; brtpg;g[yf; Bfhl;ghLk; (Motor Theory

of Perception and Auditory theory of Perception)

g[yDzh;itg; gw;wp nuz;L mZFKiwfs; nUf;fpd;wd. g[yDzh;;;tpd;

naf;ff; Bfhl;;;;;ghL g[yDzh;;tpd; brtpg;g[yf; Bfhl;ghL.

g[yDzh;tpy; naf;fr; rydA;;fspd;; gA;fspg;g[ (Role of Motor Movements) kPjhd

jw;Bghija Ma;t[, Fwpg;ghf Bgr;Rg; g[ydwpt[ gw;wpa Ma;t[, xU FHe;;ij jd;Dila

naf;f vjph; bray;fspd; (Motor Reactions) thapyhf xypj; bjhlh;r;rpfisf; (Sound

Sequences) Bfl;fpd;wJ. nUg;gpDk; ne;jg; g[yDzh;t[ naf;ff;;;;; Bfhl;ghL xypapaf;fr;

bray;ghLfspd; (Acoustic Events) Kf;fpaj;;;Jtj;;ij kWf;ftpy;iy; Mdhy; bkhHpapd;

g[hpjy; gad;ghl;oy; (Comprehensive –Use) naf;fk; rhh;e;j jpUk;g mwpa[k; fz;;;;;zpfSf;F

(Motor Kinesthetic Feedback Loops) Kf;fpaj;Jtk; bfhLf;fpd;wJ. g[ydwpt[f;

Bfhl;ghl;ow;F J]z;ly; gjpy; Vw;g[ kdj;J]z;ly;fs; (Proprioceptive Impulses)

Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. mitfSf;F ePl;rp, jirfspy; Vw;;;;;;gp, bld;lhd;fs;, K}l;Lfs; kw;Wk;

fhjpd; bt!;oFyhh; mg;ghul;l!; vd;gditfspy; K}yk; nUf;fpd;wJ. J]z;;ly; gjpy;

Vow’s [ nut; gig bfhz;l czh;t[ naf;ff; fz;;;;;;;;;zpfspd; (Sensori Motor Loops) Bky;

elj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ne;j czh;t[ naf;ff; fz;zpfs; bkhHpapd; g[hpjypy;

gad;;;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wjhff; fz;L bfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Bgr;rpd; Bfl;g[g; g[ydwpt[ (Auditory Perception of Speech) Ma;t[fs; Bgr;irf;

Bfl;gjpy; xU eghpd; jpwdpy; fdtdk; brYj;Jfpd;wJ. en’s Mat[spy; Ruj;jpd;

(Tone) milfshd mog;gil epfH;t[btz; (Fundamental Freqency) tPr;R (Amplitude)

kw;Wk; fhy mst[ (Duration) vd;gd Ma;tpd; mog;gilahf mikfpd;wJ; mitt

Bgr;rpd; xypahd bjhlh;r;rpfSf;F BtWgLj;;;Jk; Fwpg;g[spy; (Discrimination Cues) mlA;fp

nUg;gjhff; fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ. Bfl;g[g; g[ydwpt[ Ma;thsh;fs; vt;thW fhJfspd;

BtWgl;l ghfA;fSk; bul;oFyhh; (Reticular), jyhk!; (Thalamus) kw;Wk; fhh;blf;!;

(Cortex) Bghd;w gpw xGA;FKiwfSk; Bfl;;g[g; g[ydwptpy; NLgLfpd;wJ vd;W

Ma;;;;;;;;fpd;;wdh;.

Bgr;rpd; Bfl;g[g; g[ydwpt[k; epiditr; (Memory) rhh;e;J mikfpd;wJ; mjhtJ

euk;g[ xGA;FKiw mikg;bghGA;fpy; (Auditory Patterns) jf;fitf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

Bfl;;;g[f;;; fUtpahy; epWtg;gl;l vy;iyfSk; Bgr;;rpd; Bfl;g[g; g[ydwptpy; Mayhk;.

Bgr;rpd; Bfl;g[k; g[ydwptpd; Ma;;t[fs; xypapd; bgsjpf Behf;Ffisa[k; Bfl;;;;;;;;gpd;

clw;TW Behf;Ffisa[k; (fUtpfisa[k;) cs;slf;Fk;. en’s Ma;;t[spy; fhy

mst[jhd; vy;yh euk;;g[r; bray;fspYk; Kf;fpakhd fhuzpahff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.

Bfl;g[g; g[ydwpt[ gy fl;lA;fspy; (Several Phrser) epfH;tjhff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. Kjy;

fl;lj;;;jpy; euk;gZf;fspd; ce;Jjy; (Captivation of Neurons) epfH;fpd;wJ. nuz;lhtJ

fl;lj;jpy; miy mikg;bghGA;F (Wave Pattern) Bfl;;;;;;;;;g[f;fUtpapd; (Hearing Apparitions)

gy ghfA;fspy; nizg;gpfisr; bra;fpd;wJ. K}d;whtJ fl;lj;jpy; Bfl;gpd;

g[yDzh;t[ bray;ghl;od; (Perception Process of Audition) nay;igr; rPh;jpUj;;j Btz;o

Fwpg;gpl;l euk;g[ Beh;t[fs; (Neural Events) epfH;fpd;wJ.

Y]hpahtpd; elj;;;ij khjphp (Luria’s Model of Behavior)

v.Mh;. Y]hpah Brtpaj; u&;ahitr; rhh;;;e;;j vy;;;yhfhyj;jpw;Fk; euk;;g[

clw;Twpayhh; (Neuro Physiologist) kdpj elj;;ijapd; xGA;fikg;g[ (Organization) kw;Wk;

xGA;F rPh; FiHtpd; (Dis organization) g[hpe;Jf; bfhs;Siff;F mtUila Mat[ gy

fhuzA;fshy; kpf Kf;fpaj;;Jtk; tha;;;e;jjhf mtUila ghpBrjidfs; kdpjid

tptuiz bra;;;;;a[k; bkhHp Clfj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp kdpj tsj;jpy; elj;jg; bgw;wJ.

Y]hpah ek;Kila btspelj;ijapy; (Over Behaviors) btspgLj;jg;glhj cs;SW naf;;f

bewpfis (Underlying Mechanisms) Ma;tjw;;;;;F euk;;;g[ clw;TwpaYf;F xU bewpKiwia

(Method) epWtpdhh;.

Y]hpah kdpj elj;ijapd; xGA;fikg;g[ kw;Wk; xGA;F rPh;FiHt[ vd;gjd; fyitj;

jd;ikahd naf;f bewp (Complex Mechanism of Organization and disorganization) tpsf;f

nayhJ. ghjpg;g[ braw;;;;;ghA;Ffspd; fhuzA;fs; (Causes of Affective Processes) g[wf;

fUtpapy; Bjlg;glhky; ikaf; fUtpapy; Bjlg;gl Btz;Lk; ve;;;j bjhlf;f euk;;g[

naf;fj;jpd; elg;g[k; (Phenomena of Elementary Neurodynamics) rK}f gpui$fshd (Social

Subjects) kdpj ndj;jpw;F chpa xUA;fpize;j rpwg;ghd elj;ijapd; totA;fis

(Configurations of Integrated Behavior Specific for the Human Beings) tpsf;f nayhJ.

Y]hpah vspa euk;;g[ naf;f bray;;ghLfspy; nUe;J (Simple Neuro Dynamical

Processes) cah;;;e;j braypd; rl;lA;fis (Lows of Hagher Activity) bgw Kaytpy;iy.

Bghf;fpd; naf;fj;jpd; rl;lA;fBs (Lows of Dynamics of Tendency) gpujpgypg;g[

nizg;g[fspd; fl;Lg;ghLfBsh (Conditions of Reflex Connections) kdpj elj;ijapd; kpf

rpf;fyhd tot[fspd; bjspitj; jutpy;iy. rK}f tuyhw;W tsh;;r;rpapd; braw;ghA;fpy;

cUthf;fg;gl;l elj;ijapd; Fwpg;gpl;l xGA;FKiwapd; ftdkhd tpsf;fk; jhd; cah;e;j

euk;;;g[ naf;fj;ij (Higher Neuro Dynamics) g[hpe;J bfhs;s ekf;F cjt[k;.

Y]hpah euk;g[ xGA;FKiwia tpsf;f braw;;ifg; bghUs;fSld; fw;Wf;

Fl;oj;jdkhd fUj;Jf;fs; (Naïve Concepts) kw;Wk; xg;g[ikfs; (Analogies) ntw;iwg;

g[Fj;;Jk; Bghf;ifj; jhf;Ffpd;whh;. blypBghd; xGA;;FKiw (Telephone) euk;;;;;;;g[r;

bray;ghl;od; mog;gilf; Bfhl;ghL Mff; (Basic Theory of Neruous Activity)

fUjg;gl;lJ. jdpj;jdpahd jd;dpiwthd naf;f bewpfspd; (Separate Self-sufficient

Mechanisms) bjhlh;r;rpfis epWt[k; ne;;j naf;f bewpfs; nizf;Fk; fpsh;r;rpfs;

(Connecting Excitations) kw;Wk; jsf;fl;Lfs; (Inhibitions) ntw;wpd; cjtpa[ld;

xGA;FgLj;jg;gl;oUg;gjhff; fUjg;gl;lJ.

Bkw;brhd;d ghh;;itapy;, KGeuk;g[f; fUtpa[k; (Whole Neruos Apparatus)

jdpj;jd;ikdahd jdp epa{uhd;fisf; bfhz;oUg;gjhff; fUjg;gl;lJ. epa{uhd;fis

nizf;Fk; mtw;wpd; nizg;ghd;fspd; (Conduits) ikakhf kl;Lk; K}is fUjg;gl;lJ.

en’s fUj;;ij Vw;Wf; bfhs;tJ jdpahd epa{uhd;fSf;Fg; bghUe;Jk; rl;lA;fspy;

elj;ijapd; rl;lA;fs; fz;Lbfhs;sg;gl Btz;Lk; vd;W mh;j;jk; jUk;. elj;ij euk;g[

xGA;FKiwapd; jdpf;;;;;fUtpfSf;F nilBa cs;s eLepiyapd; (Equilibrium)

jf;fitf;fg;ghf Beha; rhh; epiyikfs; (Pathological Conditions) en’s eLepiyapd;

rPh;Fiythfj;jhd; vLf;fg;gl Btz;Lk;. nt;;tifsapyhd xg;g[ik

fw;Wf;Fl;oj;jdkhjdkhd vLBfhs;fSf;Ff; (Naïve Postulations) bfhz;L bry;;Yk;.

nJ fpsh;r;rp kw;Wk; jilf;fl;L (Inhibition) ntw;wpd; bjhlf;fr; braw;ghA;Ffs;jhd;

mog;gilahdJ vd;Wk; vy;yh euk;g[ bry;fspYk; fhzg;gLk; vd;Wk; KG caphpdk;

KGtJk; bfhz;L bry;;;yg;gLk; vd;Wk; xUtiu vLBfhs; bra;ar; bra;a[k;. nJ xU

jug;gl;l kzpj;Jspapy; euk;;g[ xGA;FKiwapd; rpy Fwpg;gpl;l bry;fs;jhd; fpsh;;;r;rpapd;

epiyapy;; nUf;Fk;; gpw ke;j epiyapy; (State of Inertness) nUf;Fk; vd;W xUtiu ek;gr;

bra;a[k;. gpw bry;fs; jilf;fl;L epiyapy; (Inhibitory) nUf;Fk;.

Y]hpah fpsh;r;rp kw;Wk; jilf;fl;L ntw;wpd; brw;ghA;Ffs; bjhlf;fr;

braw;ghA;FfshFk; vd;Wk; nit jdpahd euk;;g[j; jhahbuLg;gpy; (Isolated Nerre

Preparation) epfH;fpd;wJ vd;Wk; fUJfpwhh;. kdpj elj;ijapd; xGA;fikg;g[ kw;Wk;

xGA;F rPh;FiHt[ ntw;wpd; vy;yh tot[fisa[k; bjhlf;fj;jilf;fl;L (Elementary

Inhibition) kw;Wk; fpsh;r;rp ntw;;wpd; mog;gilapy; btspg;gLj;j naYkh vd;W Y]hpah

Bfl;fpd;whh;. mth; en’s fUj;jhf;fk; KG elg;g[f;Fk; (Whole Phenomena)

bghUj;jkhf (rhpahf) ePl;rpailatpy;iy vd;Wf; fUJfpwhh;. elj;ijiaj; jdp

xGA;FKiwfspd; eLepiyikahf (Equilibrium) tpsf;f nayhJ. ve;;j naf;f bewpfspd;

Beha[k; bghJthd khw;wA;fis tpistpf;fpd;wJ; en’s khw;;wA;fis mf elj;ijapd;;

kpfr; rpf;fyhd brad;;;ik (Complicated Functional) xd;Wf; bfhd;whdjhf g[hpe;Jf;

bfhs;;;;;;;sg;glyhk;. rpf;fyhd kdpj elj;ijapd; gz;g[rhh; naf;f bewpfspd;

(Characteristic Mechanism) g[hpjYf;Fj; Bjitg;gLk; fUj;jhf;fA;fs; (Conceptions) ehk;

elj;;ijapd; KG xGA;fikg;ig mtw;wpd; mikg;g[ kw;Wk; naf;fj;Jld; (Structure and

Dynamics) vLj;Jf;bfhs;s Btz;Lk; vd;W Btz;Lfpd;wJ. xGA;fikg;g[ (Organization)

xGA;FKiwfspd; bray;ghl;L xg;;;gpLifia (Correlation) Btz;Lfpd;wJ; Vbdd;;why;

en’s xGA;FKiwapy; vBjl;irahf xd;WBrh;f;fg;gltpy;iy; khwhf kpf jpl;ltl;lkhd

gFjpfspd; xUA;fpize;;;;;j brad;;ik mikg;ghf (Integrated Functional Structure) xd;W

Brh;;;f;fg;gl;Ls;sd. gFjpfs; brad;ik mog;gilapy; xU Bghd;wit. rpy Fwpg;gpl;l

mikkg;g[ Kiwfs; fl;Lg;gLj;;jt[k; (Governing) Kiwg;gLj;;jt[k; (Resulting)

mike;jpUf;fpd;wJ; gpw xd;W kw;bwhd;;;;;wpd; brad;ikf;fhf Jizg[hpat[k; rhpbra;at[k;

(Supporting and Exacting) mike;jpUf;fpd;wJ.

Y]hpah kdpj elj;ij, epiyikfs; (Conditions), rl;lA;fs; (Laws) kw;Wk;

totA;fs; (Formulations) vd;gdtw;wpd; xGA;fikg;g[k; rPh; Fiyt[k; cs- caphpaypd;

(Psycho- Biology) kpf Kf;;fpa rpf;fy;;fs; MFk; vd;W fUJfpd;whh;. elj;ijapd;

xGA;fikg;gpy; rpy

bghJthd rl;lA;fs; bray;gLfpd;wd. en’s bghJthd rl;lA;fs; rpy Kf;fpa

fl;lhaA;fspd; (Vital – Forces) rha;itg; (Indignation) bghUj;J mikfpd;wJ. tajhd

kdpjhpd; elj;ijapy;; (Adult Human Behaviors) fhzg;bgWk; xGA;fikg;g[ Xust[f;F

rpf;;fyhd kw;Wk; ePz;l tsh;r;rpapd; (Kd;;Bdw;wj;;;;;;jpd;) tpisthFk; (Product) en’s

tsh;;r;rpahdJ mJ g[jpa fl;lA;fspd; (New Stages) vspa cUg;gLj;jA;fshf (Simple

Representation) khWk; tHpapy; my;yhky; bjhlf;ff; fhy rl;lA;fis (Primitive Lass) fPH;

mlf;Fk; tifapy; Kd;dh;; tUfpd;wJ. tsh;r;rpg; ghh;itBa ehk; vLj;Jf; bfhz;L

kdpj nay;gpd; bray;ghl;od; g[hpjiy (Understanding of the Activity of Human Personality)

milayhk;. en’s tsh;r;rp, elj;ijapd; bjhlf;ff; fhy tot[fis (Primitive Forms) rhp

bra;at[k; (Overcome) g[jpa kw;Wk; kpf Kiwahd xGA;fikg;g[f;F (New and

Systematized Organization) mtw;iw khw;wt[k; (Transfer) bra;a tpUk;g[k; g[jpa

xGA;FgLj;Jk; xGA;FKiwfis (New Regulating Systems) cs;slf;;;Fk;. ne;;j

tsh;r;rpapy; taJ tHpfhl;Lk; gA;fspg;;;igr; (Leading Role) bra;a tpy;;iy. elj;;;ijapd;

xGA;fikg;;;;;;gpd; bjhlf;ff;; fhy tot[fs; (Primitive Forms) Jizfhh;ofy; (Sub- Cortical)

bray;ghlhfp gz;;ghf;fk; bra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. en’s bray;ghL cah;e;j tsh;r;rpapd;

braw;ghA;fhf (Process of the Highest Development) khw;wg;gLfpd;;wJ (Transferred). g[jpa

xGA;FgLj;;jg;gl;l xGA;FKiwfspd; (Newly Regulated System) tsh;;r;rpf;Fk; bjhlf;ff;;;

fhy Jiz –fhh;ofy; bray;;ghl;ow;Fk; nilapy; Bkhjy; (Conflict) nUf;fpd;wJ.

en’s Bghuhl;lk; xGA;fikg;gpd; g[jpa totA;;;;;fis cUthf;Ffpd;wJ. caph; fhh;ofy;

naf;f bewp (Cordical Mechanism) g[jpa xGA;;fikg;gpd; cUthf;fj;;;;jpy; Kf;fpakhd

gA;fspg;g[ bra;fpd;wJ. en’s gA;fspg;gpd; fhuzkhf xGA;FgLj;Jk; xGA;FKiwfspy;

(Regulating Systems) caph; fhh;oay; naf;fbewp (Higher Cortical Mechanism)

cl;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

FHe;;ijfspd; tsh;;r;rp gy bray;ghA;Ffis cs;slf;FfpwJ. Kjyhtjhf

xGA;FgLj;jy;fspd; (Regulations) bghJ tsh;r;;rp nUf;fpd;wJ; nJ czh;t[ rhh;e;j

jpwikfspd; (Instinctive Capabilities) bjhlf;ff;;; fhy Behf;FfSld; bjhlA;FfpwJ.

cah; cstpay; naf;;;;;;f bewpfspd; tsh;r;rp (Development of Higher Psychological

Mechanism) fhuzkhf elj;ijapd; fl;Lg;ghl;od; kpf rpf;fyhd tot[fs;

bgwg;gLfpwJ. nk;khjphpahd rhjid (Achievement) rpf;fyhd caph;;;;;rhh; naf;f

bewpa[lDk; (Complicated Organic Mechanism) xGA;fikg;gpd; g[jpa tot[fisf;

fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; cah; gz;ghl;L xGA;FKiwfSlDk; (Higher Cultural Systems)

bjhlA;Ffpd;wJ.

kdpj nd naf;f brad;ikfspd; (Motor Functions of the Human Being) Mat[f;F

nuz;L bghJ FGf;fspd; mZFKiwfs; nUf;fpd;wd. Kjy; FG naf;fr;;;;;ryd

xUA;fpizg;gpd; tsh;r;rp (Development of Motor Movement Coordination), naf;f tot

tpjpfs; (Motor Formulaic) kw;Wk; euk;g[ xGA;FKiwapd; Fwpg;gpl;l Beha;fshy; tpise;;;j

mtw;wpd; rpijt[fs; ntw;iw Ma;;;fpd;wdh;. ne;;j Ma;;;;;t[ cstpay; braw;;ghA;fhf

(Psychological Process) naf;fr; brad;ik (Motor Function) kPJ ftdf;Ftpg;g[

bra;;;;;fpd;wJ. nJ bjhe;juit cs;Siw bra;a[k; milahsA;fis (Symptoms) kiwf;f

naYk;. nuz;lhtJ FGtpy; kdpj ndj;jpd; naf;fr; bray;;ghL (Motor Activity of

Humenbeing) rpf;fy;fy; tha;e;j cstpay; (Psychological) kw;Wk; clw;Twpapay;

(Psychological) braw;ghA;Ffis Ma[k; xBu tHpahFk;. nyf;fj;jpd; (Movement)

mikg;g[ cldoahd ghh;itapypUe;J kiwf;fg;gLk; rpy Fwpg;gpl;l khw;wA;fspd;

gpupgypg;;ghf Mag;gLfpd;wJ. nt;tifapyhd Ma;;itj;;;;;; bjhlUk; Ma;thsh;fSf;F

nJ cstpay;; khw;wA;fSld; bjhlh;g[gLj;jg;gLtJtiu Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

nk;khjphpahd mZFKiw Ma;it TLjy;;; rpf;fy; tha;e;jjhfr; bra;;;fpd;wJ;

nUg;gpDk; nJ Ke;;jpaij tpl vy;iyaw;w epiyapy; TLjy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;;;e;jJ.

Kf;fpakhd rpf;fy;, caph;rhh; rpwg;g[f;TWfspypUe;J (Organic Peculiarities) tpisa[k;

naf;f khw;wA;fspypUe;J (Motor Changes) cstpay; bry;thf;fpd; tpist[fshd (Product

of Psychological Influence) naf;f khw;wA;fis BtWgLj;JtjhFk;. Y]hpahtpd;

mZFKiw nuz;lhtJ FGt[ld; TLjy; beUf;fkhfj;; bjhlh;g[ilaJ. mth; naf;f

bray;fspy; (Motor Activities) kpff; FiwthfBt Mh;tk; fhl;odhh;.

Y]hpah ek;ik elj;ijapd; Ma;tpy; jd;dpr;;irahd naf;fA;fis (Voluntary

Movements, naf;fr; rydA;fis) Maf;; TWfpwhh;;. jd;dpr;irahd naf;fA;fs;

xGA;fhditfshFk;. mth; xU brad;ik xGA;FKiwahf (One Function System) ika

kw;Wk; naf;fr; bray;ghLfspd; (Central and Motor Activities) xd;W Brh;jYf;F

(Combination) Btz;o thjpLfpwhh;. ehk; xd;W Brh;;;;;;j;jy; naf;f xGA;FKiwapy;;;;; ika

khw;wk; gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ vd;W gjpt[ bra;ayhk;. nA;F xw;Wikg;gl;l KGik (United

Whole) ekf;F fpilf;fpd;wJ. ikag; gFjp Beuoahd Ma;tpypUe;J

kiwf;fg;gLfpd;wJ; nUg;gpDk; naf;fr; bray;;;;;;;;;ghLfis (Motor Functions) gjpt[

bra;ayhk;. ika kw;Wk; naf;fr; bray;;;;;;gLfspd; mog;gilr; Brh;;f;ifapd; en’s

bewpKiw xd;W Brh;;f;fg;gl;l naf;f bewpKiw (Combined Motor Method) vd;W

miHf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Y]hpah xd;W Brh;f;fg;gl;l bewpKiw tHp euk;g[ cstpay;

braw;ghA;Ffspd; (Neuro- Psychological Process) g[hpe;J bfhs;sYf;F (Understanding) jd;

Ma;itf; bfhz;L bry;fpd;whh;.

elj;ijapy; ehk; bfhz;oUg;gJ mfr; braw;ghA;Ffspd; xd;W Brh;;;ifa[k; (Union

of Internal Process) mjd; tpist[ btspg;;ghLk; (Resultant Manifestation) MFk;. xd;W

Brh;e;j bewpKiwapy; ekf;F Kf;fpakhff; fpilg;gJ xd;WgLj;jg;gl;l bray;gLk;

mikg;igj; (Unified Acting Structure) jUk; Cf;fr; Brh;;f;if (Active Union) MFk;.

xd;WgLj;jg;gl;l bray;gLk; mikg;g[ bjsptw;w kw;Wk; btspg;ghh;itapy;

NLgLj;jg;gLk; (Externally Observed) Bfhs;fisf; (Symptoms) bfhz;oUf;Fk;. xU

gf;fj;jpy; bjhlA;fg;gLk; khw;wA;;fs; jtwhJ kW gf;fj;;jpy; gpujpgypf;fg;gLk;. en’s

tpsf;fr; Brh;;;ifapd; (Active Union) Mat[ kpf cah;;e;j clw;Twpay; braw;ghA;Ffspd;

gz;ig Ma cjt[fpd;wJ.

Y]hpah cs;SW naf;f bewpfspd; (Underlying Mechanisms) Mat[f;F mog;gilf;

fUtpfshf (Basic items/ Tools) bkhHp Tw;Wfisg; (Linguistic Utterances) gad;gLj;jpa

cstpayhUk; euk;g[ clw;TwpayhUk; Mthh;. nth; bkhHpayFfisg;gad;gLj;jpa[k;

cs;SW naf;f bewpapd; bjspthd btspg;gLj;jiyr;; bra;Jk; cstpayhh;fSf;Fs;Sk;

kw;wth;;;fSf;Fs;Sk; jdpg;gl;l nlj;;ij tfpf;fpd;whh;. mtuJ Ma;tpd; fUtpfshf

(Tools) bkhHp myFfisg; gad;;;;;;gLj;JtJld; Y]hpah bkhHpr; bray; jpwdpd; (Language

Performance) cs;SW naf;f bewpia milahsk; fhz gy ghpBrhjidfs;

elj;jpdhh;.

bghUs; fsA;fspd; xBu FGkj;;ij Fwpf;f BtWgl;l bkhHpfspy; BtWgl;l

brhw;;;;;;;;fs; nUg;gij ehk; fhz;fpd;Bwhk;. xU bkhHp BgRk; xU egh; me;j bkhHpapy;

xU Fwpg;gpl;l nUg;ig (Definitesetig) gilf;fpd;whh;; mJ kw;bwhU bkhHpf;Fj;jht[k;

BghJ mJ jd; toit nHf;Fk;. Mdhy; btspg;gLj;jg;gl;l bghUslf;fA;fs;

(Expressed Contents) naf;F nilaPLfisg; ghpBrhjidapy; nUkpf BtWgl;l mikg;g[

xGA;F Kiwfspd; Bkhjiy Cf;Ftpj;;;;;J mk;khjphpahd bkhHp gpd;dikg;g[fspd;

(Language Settings) Bkhjiy tpistpg;gij Behf;fkhff; bfhs;;;;;fpd;whh;. mk;khjphpahd

khw;wj;jpy; tpisa[k; Bkhjy;fspd; euk;;g[ naf;fj;ij mth; Ma tpUk;;;;;;g[fpwhh;.

g[J bkhHp gpd;dikg;gpd; (New Language Setting) jpObud;w Bjhw;wk; thA;F

bray;ghl;il Fiyf;Fk; my;yJ Bkhl;lhh; xGA;;FKiwapy; xU Bkhjiy cUthf;Fk;.

thA;F Bjhy;tp (Receptory Failure) gpd;dikg;gpd; jpObud;;w khw;wk; fhuzkhFk;. R{Hy;

khWifapy; g[yDzh;;t[ fodKwyhk;; brhy; Bfl;fhky; Bghfyhk;; mJ mjd;

xypia khw;wyhk;; nitBghd;W epfHyhk;.

Y]hpah jd;Dila gpe;ija fhyj;ijr; rhh;e;j tpBfhl;!;fp Bghy; Bgr;ir

elj;ijapd; jhdpaA;F J]z;lYf;Fk; (Auto Stimulation) xGA;fikg;g[ (Organization)

gad;gLj;j naYk; vd;W g[hpe;J bfhs;fpwhh;. Bgr;R btsp cyif xGA;FgLj;jt[k;

xGA;fikf;ft[k; tHpahFk;. nJ xGA;fikf;Fk; elj;ijapd; brayp MFk;. nJ

BkYk; bray;fisj; jpl;lkpl cjt[k; braypahFk;.

yh&;Byapd; elj;ij khjphp (Lashley’s Model of Behavior)

elj;ijapd; xGA;fikg;g[ (Organization) kw;Wk; fl;Lg;ghL (Control) vd;gdtw;wpd;

g[hpjYf;F yh&;Byapd; Ma;;t[fs; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jjhFk;. yh&;By kdpj

elj;ijapd; cs;SW naf;f bewpapd; Mat[f;F bkhHpf; Tw;Wfis Kf;fpa fUtpahfg;

gad;gLj;;jtpy;iy. mth; tl;lhu fUj;JUtpd; (Localization Concept) gadpd;ikia

(Untenabluity) epU}gpf;f mWitKiwiag; (Surgery) gad;gLj;;;jpdhh;.

yh&;By vypfisa[k; FuA;Ffisa[k; jd;Dila Ma;;;t[f;Fj; Bjh;e;bjLj;jhh;.

mth; nUtHp mZFKiwiaf; (Two Liner of Approach) ifahz;lhh;. Kjy;

mZFKiw elj;ij tifahFk;. njpy; fpsh;;r;rpapd; Mat[ bra;ag;gl;lJ.

fpsh;r;rpfs; fw;wypy; gjpy; bra;iffSld; (Reactions) bjhlh;;;;;g[gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ;

mitt fw;;fg;gl;l gjpy; bra;iffis (Learned Reactions) fz;blLg;gjpy; (Elicitation)

braY]f;fk; cs;sjhFk; (Effective). yh&;By rhh;e;jpUf;Fk; gjpy; bra;iffis

(Associate Reactions) Ma;e;;jhh;. en’s mZFKiw bgWif epiyapYk; (Receptor

Level) tpist[ epiyapYk; (Effecter Level) euk;;g[r; bray;ghl;L mikg;bghGA;Ffis

(Pattern of Neruous Activity) tptuiz bra;jJ. nuz;lhtJ mZFKiw K}isapd;

ghfA;fspd; mZit rhh; rpijg;ghFk; (Surgical Destruction). yh&;By Beuoahd

czh;t[ naf;F Brh;;iffspypUe;J (Direct Sensor Motor Association) fodkhd

rpf;fy;fspd; jPh;t[ tiuapyhd gue;;;;;j vy;iyapw;gLk; bray;fSf;F tpyA;Ffisg; gapw;;;;;;;;rp

mspj;jhh;. K}isapd; rpWgFjpfSk; rhh;e;;;jpUf;Fk; bjhlh;;;;;g[fSk; (Associated Links)

btl;lg;glBth vLf;fg;glBth bra;ag;gl;ld. en’s mWit bray;fspd; gjpy; tpist[

(Resultant Effect) msf;fg;gl;lJ. ghpBrhjidfs; Kot[Wk; BghJ K}isapd; ghfA;fs;

TWgLj;jg;gl;L bjhlh;r;rpahd TWfspypUe;J rpijtpd; mst[ kPl;LUthf;fg;gl;lJ.

xU ghpBrhjidapy; FuA;Ffs; gy jhs;ghH; bgl;ofis (Latch Boxes) jpwf;f

gapw;rp mspf;fg;gl;ld. en’s gapw;rpf;Fg; gpwF mtw;wpd; naf;;;;;;;f gug;g[fs; (Motor

Areas) jw;;fhypf Cdk; (Temporary Paralysis) tpisa[khW mWj;J vLf;fg;gl;ld.

nUg;gpDk; vl;oypUe;J gdpuz;L thuA;fspy; me;j FuA;Ffs; bgl;ofisj; jpwf;Fk;

jpwid mile;jd. FuA;FfSf;F gapw;rp bgl;ofSf;F mz;ik (Access)

bfhz;oUf;ftpy;iy. Bghjpa mst[ FzKw;w BghJ mitt ve;jj; Bjly;

naf;fA;fisa[k; (Exploratory) btspg;gLj;jg;;gltpy;iy. vdBt fw;wy; KG

brhpbgy;yj;jpd; Fwpg;gpll tl;lhukhf;fkhf (Specific Localization) fUjg;gl Btz;Lk;.

fhh;blf;!; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; nizg;g[fspd; gA;fspg;ig bghUj;jtiuapy;

yh&;Byapd; ghpBrhjidfs; naf;f fhh;blf;Brh (Motor Cortex) mtw;wpd;

nizg;g[fBsh fl;Llg;gLj;jg;gl;l gpujpgypg;g[ mikg;bghGA;fpd; (Conditioned Reflex

Pattern) flj;jYf;F kpf Kf;fpakhdit (jtph;;f;f nayhjd) my;y vd;W fhl;oaJ.

yh&;By vypfis Brhsj;jpy; gapw;rp mspj;jhh;; gpd;dh; fhh;blf;!; kw;Wk; cs;SWk;

ehh;fspd; (Underlying Fibers) tHpahf fj;jpahy; btl;Lfs; nl;lhh;. nJ BtWgl;l

braw;gug;g[fis (Functional Areas) nizg;g[ ePf;fk; bra;aBth btl;lBth bra;ahJ.

Fzkhdg;;;;;;gpd; vypfs; fw;w elj;ijapd; (Learned Behavior) ve;j Fwpg;gpl;l jFe;j

nHg;iga[k; fhl;ltpy;;iy. en’s fsj;;;jpy; bghJthd fUj;J (General Assumption)

vd;dbtd;why; braw;if gug;g[fs; (Association Areas) tHp czh;t[ cWg;iga[k; (Sense

Organ) naf;f fhh;blf;!;ira[k; (Motor Cortex) nizf;Fk; fl;Lg;gLj;;jg;gl;;l

gpujpgypg;g[ tHpfs; (Conciliated Reflex Paths) nUf;fpd;wd vd;gjhFk;. yh&;Byapd;

ghpBrhjidfs; naf;f gug;g[fspd; (Motor Areas) NLghl;il jtW vd epU}gpf;fpd;wJ.

BkYk; mtUila ghpBrhjidfs; euk;g[ xGA;FKiwf;Fs; ve;;j nlj;jpYk; epidt[

Rtl;il (Memory Trace) tl;lhu thf;fk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l nlj;jpw;FhpaJ, bra;a nayhJ

vd;W fhl;Lfpd;wJ. vy;iyf;Fl;gl;l nlA;fs; (Limited Regions) Kf;fpakhdJ vd;gJ

cz;ikahf nUf;fyhk;. nk;khjphpahd vy;iyf;Fl;gl;l nlk; nUe;jhYk; me;j

nlj;;jpw;Fl;gl;l ghfA;fs; brad;;ik mog;gilapy; xd;;whditahf (Functionally

Equivalent) bjhpfpd;wJ.

fhh;blf;!pd; gpuhd;ly; (Frontal), bghply; (Parietal), kw;Wk; blk;Bghuy; (Temporal)

gug;;;;;;g[fs; mtw;wpd; clw;TW bjhlh;;;g[fs; (Anatomical Relations) fhuzkhf braw;if

gug;g[fshf (Associative Areas) fUjg;gl;lJ; nitfs; czh;;;;;t[fspd; cUtA;fspd;

Brkpg;g[ nlkhf (Store Houses of Images of Sensations) fUjg;gLfpd;;;;;;wJ. yh&;By

en’s Brh;f;if nlA;fs; ve;j Fwpg;gpl;l epidt[ Brkpg;gplj;ijtpl (Specific Image

Storage) xGA;fikg;gpd; ghA;FfSld; (Modes of Organization) TLjy; fUj;JilaJ

vd;W Bahrid TWfpwhh;. BkYk; en’s gug;g[fs; fd;fhzpg;gpd; kl;lj;jpd; (Level of

Vigilance) bghJthd trjp bra;tJlBdh (Facilitation) guhkhpg;g[lBdh (Main Tenance)

fUj;Jilajhf bjhpfpd;wJ. BkYk; ntw;wpd; rpijt[ mk;dPrpahtpw;F (Amnesia)

bfhz;L bry;yhJ; fUj;;jhf;fA;fs; (Abstractions) kw;Wk; bghJikahf;fk;

(Generalization) ntw;iw cl;gLj;Jk; bray;;;;;jpwdpd; (Performance) fodA;fSf;Fj;jhd;

(Difficulties) bfhz;L bry;Yk;.

XU nlj;jpd; ghfA;fs; xBu Bghd;w jpwikiaf; bfhz;oUg;gjhy;;, me;j

nlj;;jpy; xU Beh;tpd; gy;tif cUg;gLj;jk; (Representation) nUf;Fk;. fpsh;r;rpapd;

mikg;bghGA;F (Pattern of Excitation) bray;ghl;od; mikg;bghGA;fpw;;F (Pattern of

Activity) bfhz;L bry;Yk;; en’s bray;;;ghl;od; mikg;bghGA;F brad;ik gug;g[

(Functional aerea) KGtjpYk; KGtJkhf nul;LWk;; (Reduplicated) nJ jz;zPhpd;

Bkw;g[wj;jpy;; gy g[s;sp nlA;fspy; rydk; Vw;gLj;jpdhy; gut[k; miyfspd; nilaPl;L

xU mikg;bghGA;ik (Interference Pattern) cUthf;FtJ Bghd;wjhFk;. BkYk;

by&;By K}isapd; vy;yh bry;fSk; epue;jukhd bray;ghl;oy; nUf;fpd;wJ vd;W fUj

Btz;Lk; vd;W Bahrid TWfpwhh;. epidtpd; Brfhpg;g[ nlkhf xJf;fPL bra;a ve;j

bry;Yk; ny;;iy. xUth; czh;t[ rhh;e;j kw;Wk; naf;fk; rhh;e;j jdpkA;fSf;F

nilapyhd jdpj;jdpahd nizg;ghf ve;;j bray;;ghl;od;; Rtl;ila[k; Bjlf;TlhJ

vd;W thjpLfpd;whh;. elj;ijia cs;Siw bra;;a[k; euk;;;;;g[ xGA;FKiwapd; nlk;;;;; rhh;e;j

(Spatial) kw;Wk; fhyk; rhh;;e;;j (Temporal) mr;Rf;fs; ve;j bray;;ghl;od; Rtl;Lf;Fk; Tl

mog;gilahf fUj Btz;Lk;.

yh&;By b$rhy;l; cstpaYf;F gA;fs;pg;ghsUk; MjuthsUk; Mthh;. mth;

xU caph; czh;;tJ KGtJkhd mikg;bghGA;F MFk; vd;W kw;Wk; elj;ij

fl;Lg;gLjl;jg;gl;l gpujpgypg;g[fspd; bjhlh;r;rpfs; MFk; vd;W ek;g[fpwhh;.

yh&;By elj;ijapd; fhyk; rhh;e;j mikg;g[ Kiw (Organization) euk;;;;;gpaypy; kpf

mog;gilahd (Fundamental) kw;Wk; bjhe;juthd (Troublesome) rpf;;fy; vd;W

fUJfpd;whh;.

bkhHp brhpguy; fhh;blf;rpd; jdp rpwg;ghd xUikg;gl;l brad;ikfis

cUg;gLj;jk; bra;a[k;; Mdhy; fhyk; rhh;e;j xUikg;ghL (Integration) ekJ vy;;yh

elj;ijapYk; fhzg;gLk;. braw;if rA;fpyp Bfhl;;ghl;oy; (Associative Chain Theory)

rA;fpyapy; cs;s xU jdpkk; mLj;;j jdpkj;;ij fpsh;;r;rpa[w bra;a[k;. en’s

mZFKiwia bkhHpf;F gad;;gLj;jpdhy; mJ jd; moj;jsj;ij nHf;Fk;.

thf;fpaj;jpy;, brhw;;;;;;fs; tUifj;;;;;; jUk; epuy; (Order of Occurrence of Words) xU brhy;

mLj;;j brhy;Yld; bfhs;Sk; bjhlh;;;gpd; cz;ikahd epuiy cUg;gLj;jk; bra;;tjhf

xUth; vd;dyhk;. Mdhy; xU thf;fpaj;jpy; brhw;fs; mtw;wpd; cldoahd mLj;j

brhy;Yld; jhd; bjhlh;g[fs; bfhz;oUf;Fk;. Mdhy; xU thf;fpaj;jpy; brhw;fs;

mtw;wpd; cld; mLj;J tUk; brhw;fSld; kl;Lky;;;;;;yhky; J]uj;jpy; cs;s

brhw;;fSlDk; bjhlh;;g[ bfhz;oUf;Fk;.

ehk; xUth; fUj;;;jpd; btspg;;ghl;od; toit vspjpy;; khw;wyhk; vd;Wk; BtWgl;l

brhy; epuy;fis xBu rpe;;jidia btspg;gLj;j gad;gLj;jg;;glyhk;, vd;Wk;

fhz;fpBwhk;. fhyk; rhh;e;j xUikg;ghL (Temporal Integration) fUj;;jpd; bjhlf;f

xGA;fikg;gpd; cs;shh;e;jjhf (Internet) ny;iy. xU fUj;;jpd; vy;yh jdpkA;fSk;

niz fhy rhh;g[ilajhff; (Co temporal) fUjg;gl Btz;Lk;. yh&;By naf;F

myFfspd; braY]f;fj;;ij (Activation of Motor Unites) eph;;;;;;;;zapf;Fk; naf;f bewp xj;jwp

mog;gilapy; naf;F myFfspypUe;Jk; (Motor Units) rpe;jid mikg;gpypUe;Jk;

Rje;jpukhf nUf;fpd;wJ. njw;fhd rhl;rp epuypd; jtWfspYk;, vGj;jpYk;,

Bgr;rpYk; Vw;gLk; tHf;FfspYk; nila{WfspYk;; fhzyhk;. mg;go vd;why; epuy;

vt;thW tUfpd;wJ vd;w Bfs;;tp vHyhk;. yh&;By thf;fpaj;;jpd; mf my;yJ g[w

cUthf;fj;jpw;F Kd; brhy; myFfspd; KG vy;;iyg;ghLk; (Whole Range of Word Units)

gFjp Cf;fg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ my;;;yJ (Partially Activated) jahhpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

bjhlhpay; gpd;dh; bray;fspd; kPJ mit epfGkhBw gjpar; bra;;;ag;gLk;.

euk;;;g[ clw;Tw;wpaYk; bkhHpf;FiwghLfSk;

bghJthd Tw;Wfs;

bkhHpr; bray;ghL (Language Performance) kpft[k; fyitj;jd;;ikahd

bray;ghL. eht[k; cjLfSk; jpwikahd naf;fA;fisr; bra;a Btz;Lk;;

xUA;fpize;j jirr; bray;ghL (Muscular Activity) nUf;f Btz;Lk;. Bgr;R ehk;

me;jr; bray;;;ghl;il czuhj mst[f;F tpiuthdjhFk;. Bgr;R fyitj;;;jd;iiahd

naf;fr; bray;;ghL (Motor Activity) vd;gijf; fhl;oYk; TLjyhdJ. nJ fyitj;

jd;;ikahd csr; bray;ghLk; (Complex Mental Activity) MFk;. nJ bkhHp

mikg;g[fspd; Bgiwa[k;, brhw;fs; bghUs;fs; (Objects) kw;Wk; fUj;JUf;fs; ntw;iw

nizj;jiya[k; gpwtw;iwa[k; cl;gLj;Jk;.

euk;;;g[ clw;Tw;wpay;: euk;g[fspd; tiyg;gpd;dy;

kdpj euk;;g[ xGA;fikg;g[ kw;Wk; K}is ntw;wpd; mikg;g[k; bray;ghLk; gw;wpa

ekJ mwpt[ ne;;jg; gug;;gpd; jPtpukhd Ma;;t[f;Fg; gpwFk; Bghjhj epiyj;

bjhlh;;fpd;wJ. ekf;F euk;g[ xGA;FKiwapd; Rje;jpuj;ijg; gw;wpa TLjyhd eilKiw

bjhpa[k;. ekf;F euk;g[ xGA;FKiwapd; mog;gilahf mika[k; epa{uhd;/euk;gZ gw;wp

bjhpa[k;. Mdhy; euk;g[ xGA;FKiwapy; ve;j xU Fwpg;gpl;l bray;ghLk; vt;thW

bray;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gijg; gw;wpa eilKiw xd;Wk; bjhpahJ; ehk; bkhHpr;

bray;ghl;oy; NLgLk; BghJ ekJ K}isapy; vd;d elf;fpd;wJ, vt;thW ehk; brhy;iy

Kd;dh; bgwg;gl;l fUj;Jld; bjhlh;g[gLj;JfpBwhk;, ehk; Bgrj; bjhlA;;Ftjw;F Kd;

BeUk; rpe;jidapd; bghUj;jkhd euk;;;g[r; bray;ghL vJ, bkhHp kw;Wk; vy;yh kdpj

elj;ijiaa[k; cs;Siw bra;;a[k; Brfhpj;jy; kw;Wk; kPsg; bgWk; mikg;bghGA;fpd;

rhpahd nay;g[ vd;;d Bghd;w Bfs;;tpfSf;F gjpy;;;;;;fs; bjhpahJ.

euk;g[ xGA;FKiw xd;Wf;bfhd;W nizf;fg;gl;l gpy;ypad; euk;gZf;fisf;

(Neurous) bfhz;lJ. ne;j euk;;;;;gZf;fs;jhd; (Neurous) euk;g[ xGA;FKiwapd;

mog;gilfs; MFk;. euk;gZ xU caph; bry;;yhFk;. nJ rt;t{Lgutiy (Semi

Permeability) mDkjpf;Fk; bky;ypa Bjhyhy; K}lg;gl;l g[Buhl;l gpshrj;jpd; rpd;d

jpushy; MdjhFk;; ne;j bky;ypa Bjhy; bry;;ypd; capiuj; jf;fitf;Fk; Kf;fpakhd

rhjdA;fis cs;Bs tpl;L fHpt[g; bghUl;fis btspBawr; bra;fpd;wJ. vy;;yh

euk;gZf;fSk; rpy bghJthd gz;g[f;TWfisf; bfhz;oUf;fpd;wd. nit bry;

clk;;g[ (Cell Body) , bry; epa{fpspa!; (Cell Nucleus), Mf;;rhd; (Axon) my;yJ euk;g[

niH, nWjp Mh;;gh; (Terminal Arbor) bld;iul;!; (Dentries) kw;Wk; rpd;ghr!; (Synapses)

vd;gdtw;iw cs;slf;Fk;.

glk;

mikg;g[ euk;g[ clw;Twpay; kw;Wk; czh;r;rp FiwghLfs; kw;Wk; bghUj;jkpy;yhj Fuy;

gHf;fA;fs; vd;gd il!;Bghdpahtpw;F gA;fspg;g[ bra;a[k;.

Fuypd; jd;;ikia jf;fitf;f/guhkhpf;f Fuy;tis Kf;fpakhd gA;fspg;g[

bra;fpd;wJ. Fuy;;;tisapy; mz;;;ikapy; bfhz;Ltu nayf; Toa Kiwahf

cUthf;fg;gl;l tpspk;g[fs; nUf;f Btz;Lk;. tpspk;;;g[fs; kpf mz;ikahff;

bfhz;Ltug;gLk; BghJ khh;g[ mGj;jj;jhy; kl;LBk fhw;W btspBaBghf (eGt)

mDkjpf;f Btz;Lk;. BkYk; fhw;bwhGf;fhy; mjpUifapy; mJ kly;;fspd;

Rje;jpukhd naf;fj;;;ij mDkjpf;Fk;. nay;ghd R{Hypy; bjhz;ila[k; tha[k; Ruj;jpd;

rhpahd xypa{f;fj;ij mila[k; go jpwf;fg;gl Btz;Lk;. nJ bgwg;glhtpl;lhy;

Fuy;;;;;tisapd; rpijtpd; mog;gilapyhd Fiwahd Bgr;R fpilf;Fk;. rpijt[

Btz;oa mst[ fhw;wpd; Kiwahd XGf;if mDkjpf;fhJ.

clw;TW mog;gilapy; (Anatomically) bghUj;jkw;w mz;ikg;glYf;F (Improper

Approximations) bfhz;L bry;Yk; Fuy;tis kly;fspd; tsh;;r;rpfspd; rpy tot[

nUf;Fk;. kly;;fs; jPtpukhd Beiaf; fhl;odhy; ty;Ydh;;;;;; Fuy; gapw;rp jUtjpy;;;iy.

kly;fs; jPh;f;f nayhj xGA;fpd;ikfisf; fhl;odhy; mWit rpfpr;;irBah kUe;Bjh

gad;glhJ. Fuy; gapw;rpa[k; cjthJ. Behahspfs; Bfl;g[g;gapw;;rpfs; (Eartraiting Drills)

tHp Fuypd; czh;t[ - naf;F fl;Lg;ghL nUf;f Btz;Lk;. bjhz;ilia jf;fthW

mikf;ff; fw;Wf; bfhs;s mth;fs; Cf;fg;gLj;jg;gLthh;fs;. Fuypd; jtwhd

gad;gLj;jypd; tpisthy; tUk; xGA;fpd;;ikfs; cs;s kly;fs; cs;sth;fSf;F

epthuzk; fpilf;Fk;. ghLgth;fs;;; VykpLgth;fs; kw;Wk; Bkilg; Bgr;rhsh;;fs; ne;j

tifg;ghl;ilr; rhh;thh;;fs; mtis btw;wpfukhff; Fzg;gLj;;;;;;jyhk;.

gpwFiwfs; : cah;;e;;j nirika[s;s Fuy; (High Pitched Voice)

gpse;j cjLfs;

K}f;F tHp

bkhHpf;FiwghLfs;; (speech disorder)

cstpapayh; kdpjtpdj;;jpd; FwpaPl;Lr; bray;ghl;od; (Symbolic Activity) kl;Lkd;wp

ne;j bray;ghl;od; rpijt[r; bray;ghA;fpYk; fUj;ijr; brYj;Jfpd;;wdh;. Y]hpah

Bghd;w cstpay; - caphpayhh;fs; (Psychologist) rpijt[r; braw;;ghA;Ffspd; Ma;t[

nay;ghd kdpj elj;ijapd; g[hpjYf;F gA;fspf;fpd;wJ vd;W epU}gpj;Js;sdh;.

Bgr;Rk; Bfl;g[k; (Speech and Gearing) kpfr; rpwg;ghd fskhFk;; njw;F nay;;fs;

jA;fs; Bfhl;ghLfia[k; Ma;t[ bewpKiwfisa[k; fz;Lgpog;;;g[fisa[k; gA;fspg;g[

bra;fpd;wJ. mWit kw;Wk; kUe;Jt brad;ikfs; (Surgical and Clinical Operations)

Bjitg;gLk; Bgr;R FiwghLfs; nUf;fpd;wd. Mdhy; ne;j brad;iifs; nay;;ghd

Bgr;rpd; epWtYf;F tHpfhl;lj; Bjit ny;;;iy. rpy Beh;;;;;;;;t[fspy; mit nay;ghd

Bgr;Rf;F epr;;rakhf tHpfhl;lhJ. vdBt mWit kw;Wk; kUj;JtfsA;fs;, cstpay;

kw;Wk; euk;g[ clw;Tw;;wpay; Bghd;wtw;wpy; ty;;;yik jtpu Bgr;R kw;Wk; Bfl;gpYk;

ty;;;yik Bjit. Bgr;R kw;Wk; ty;Ydh; Bgr;R Beha;fspd; euk;;g[ clw;Twpay;

mwpitg; bgWfpd;wdh;. mth; Bgr;Rf;Fiwghl;od; cstpay; Ma;tpy; jpwik

bgWfpd;wdh;. mth; Bgr;rpd; guhkhpg;gpd; (jf;fitg;gpd;) kw;Wk; rpijtpy; cl;gLk;

cstpay; fhuzpfspd; gA;fspg;;;;;ig czh;e;Jf; bfhs;s naYk;. mth; xypfspd;

naw;gpay; Behf;Ffspd; (Physical Aspects) tYthd mwpit cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; Bfl;g[

epiyfspy; bgWfpwhh;.mtUf;F bkhHpapay; Behahspfspd; bkhHp tuyhW Bghd;wtw;wpd;

mwpt[ nUf;Fk;; nJ mtiu bkhHpapay; mog;gilapy; xU Behahspia eph;zapf;ft[k;

tot bkhHp Behf;fA;fis jdf;FKd; itf;ft[k; cjt[fpwJ.

Bgr;R Behapay; (Speech Pathology) Bgr;Rf;FiwghLfspd; nay;gw;wjd;ikfis

(Abnormalities) Ma;;;fpd;wJ. xUtUila Bgr;R elj;ijia Beahf mjhtJ Bgr;Rf;

FiwghLfshf fUJtjw;F rpy Fwpg;gpl;l rK}f kug[fs; (Social Convention) euk;g[

clw;Twpapay; mog;gilfs; (Neuro Physiological Bases), kw;Wk; cstpay; fhuzA;fs;

(Psychological Reasons) nUf;fpd;wd. xU rKjhaj;;;jpd; nay;;ghd fUj;Jiuahlypy;

vjph;;ghh;;f;fg;;;gLfpw mst[f;F xUtUila Fuy; rg;;;;;jkhf ny;;yhtpoy; mtUila Bgr;R

Fiwg; Bgr;;rhf fUjg;gLk;. KGikahf my;yJ gFjp g[hpa nayhj (Bfl;f nayhj)

jtwhd cr;rhpg;g[fSk; Bgr;Rf; Fiwahff; fUjg;gLk;. xU egh; jdJ bkhHpapd;

tpjpfisg; gpd;gw;whjjhy; mtUila Bgr;R g[hpahky; BghFk;; mtUila Fuy;

Bfl;lgjw;F btWg;g[ tpistpg;gjhf nUf;Fk;. mJt[k; fz;Lgpof;fg;gl;l Bgr;rhff;;

fUjg;gLk;.

Bgr;R kw;Wk; Bfl;g[ ty;Ydh; (Speech and Hearing Expert) vy;yh Br;Rf;

Fiwiaa[k; Bgr;Rf; FiwghLfshff; fUJtjpy;;;iy Fiwfs; euk;g[ clw;Twpay;,

cstpay; kw;Wk; clw;TW mog;gilfs; (Anatomical Bases) vd;;gdtw;wpypUe;J te;jhy;;

mit Bgr;;Rf; Fiwghlhff; fUjg;gLk;.

Bgr;Rf;FiwghLfs; Mz;tFg;gpYk; bgz;tFg;gpYk; fhzg;gLk;; nUg;gpDk;

Bgr;Rf;Fiwghl;od; rpy tot[fshd jpf;Ftha; (Stuttering) Bghd;wit Mz;;fSf;F

nidapy;jhd; TLjyhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

Bgr;Rf;FiwghLfSf;F mtw;wpd; mog;gil ika kw;Wk; g[w euk;g[

xGA;FKiwfspy; nUf;Fk;. nUg;gpDk; Bgr;R kw;Wk; Bfl;g[ ty;Ydh;fs; ehk; ve;j

Fiwf;Fk; mikg;g[ mog;giljhd; fhuzk; vd;w cldo Kot[f;F tuf;lTlhJ.

bghUj;;jkhd Ma;t[ Fiw cstpay; fhuzpfshy; jhd; vd;W fhl;Lk;; mJ mWit

kw;Wk; kUe;J brad;;ikfis Btz;lhJ.

Fuy; FiwghL

xU Fuiy (Objective) mstPL mog;gilapy; Fiwa[s;sJ vd;;;W gz;ghf;fk;

bra;tJ fodkhdjhFk;. rpy rK}f kw;Wk; gz;ghl;L kug[fs; Fuypd; Fzj;;;ijg;gw;wp

jPh;khdpg;gjw;F Kf;fpa gA;fspg;g[ bra;;;fpd;wd. bghJthf ehk; xU Fuiy mjw;Fk;

bghUj;jkhd Xir (Lodness) bjspt[ vd;gd ny;yhtpl;lhYk; mjd; nirik (Pitch)

ghypdj;jpw;F vjph;ghh;;f;fgLk;; Fzj;jpw;Fg; bghUj;jkhd naf;fk; ny;yhtpl;lhYk; Fuy;

FiwghL cilajha;;f; fUJfpd;Bwhk;. mk;khjphpahd Fuy; FiwghLfs; (Vocal

Defeats) il!;Bghdpah (Dysphonia) my;yJ mBghdpah (Aphonia) vd;W

miHf;fg;gLk;. il!;Bghdpahtpy; Fuy; Fiw nUf;Fk;; nUg;gpDk; ghjpf;fg;gl;;lth;

Fuiyj; jf;fitf;fpwhh;. mBghdpahtpy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth; Fuiy nHf;;fpd;whh;.

vt;thW rKjha kw;Wk; gz;ghl;L kug[fs; xU Fuiy ndpikahdJ,

btWf;fj;jf;fJ (ndpikaw;wJ), nd;dpirahdJ (Melliffrous) vd;W gz;ghf;fk;

bra;;;fpd;wd vd;W Ma;tJ tpUk;;;gj;;jf;fJ. Fuy;;;;; czh;;;r;rp (Jog;g[) Fiwe;jpUe;jhy;

mij cByhff; Fuy; (fdj;jf;Fuy;), czh;r;rpaw;w Fuy; (Flat, Jog;gpy;yhj)

fodkhdf;Fuy; vd;W TWBthk;. tajpw;Fk; ghypdj;jpw;Fk; jFe;jthW nirik

kl;lj;jpy; bghUe;jik nUe;jhy; mij cah;e;j (High) my;yJ fPr;Rf;Fuy; vd;W

gz;ghf;fk; bra;Bthk;. rPuw;w Jog;g[ xU Fuiy gjWfpw vd;gJ Bghd;W gz;ghf;fk;

bra;aj; J]z;Lk;. bky;ypaf; Fuy; BghJkhd rg;jk; ny;yhjJ. fufug;ghd Fuy;

bjspthd Rukpy;yhjJ. bry; clk;g[ bry; epa{fpspairf; bfhz;oUf;Fk;. Mf;rhd;

bry; clk;gpypUe;J ePSk; euk;;;;;;g[ niHahFk;; KJF tl;lj;jpypUe;J (Spinal column) fhy;

tpuy;fspd; naf;fj;ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;;Jk; jirfSf;Fr; bry;;;Yk; Mf;rhd; Bghy; gy

mofs; ePskhdjhFk;. Mf;rhDf;Fg; gy gf;ff;fpisfs; nUf;fpd;wd; ne;;j

gf;ff;;fpisfs; niHfspd; tiyg;gpd;dypy;; nWjp Mh;ghuhf KofpwJ. bld;l;iul;!;

vd;gd BtW euk;gZtpd; bry; clk;gpypUe;J tUk; ePl;rpfshFk;. bry; mZf;fSf;F

nilapy; nizg;g[fs; bra;ag;gLk; re;jpg;g[fs; rpd;gh!;fs; MFk;.

R{HypypUe;J g[yDzh;;t[j; jftiyg; bgWtJ hprg;lhh; bry;fshFk; (Receptor

Cell) mit vgf;lhh; bry;fshy;; (Effecter Cells) gjpypf;fg;gl;l kpd;Btjpa Jog;g[fSf;;Fs;

(Electro-Chemical Pulses) bgwg;gl;l jftiy Fwpahf;fk; bra;a cjt[fpd;wJ.

euk;;gZitg; bghjpe;jpUf;Fk; Ez;zpa gpw bky;ypaj; Bjhy; (Fine Surface Membrane)

euk;gZtpd; cs;Sf;Fk; g[wj;jpw;Fk; (Neurous Interior and Exterior) nilapy; Btjpa

mikg;gpy; (Chemical Constitution) BtWghl;ilj; jf;itf;fpd;wJ.

Mf;rhdpd; mfk; kpd;Bdw;wk; bfhz;l (Positively Charged) bghl;lhrpak;

mahd;fspd; bjhFg;igf; bfhz;oUf;Fk;. Mf;rhd; XLk; bry;Yyhh; jputk;

kpd;Bdw;wk; bfhz;l Brhoak; mahidf; bfhz;oUf;Fk;. nuz;L jputj;;;;;;jpYk; vjph;

kpd;Bdw;wk; bfhz;l FBshhpd; mahd; nUf;Fk;. epa{uhd; tYthfj; J]z;ly; g[w

bky;ypaj; Bjhypd; cs;Sf;Fk; g[wj;jpw;Fk; nilapy; mahd;fspd; Btfkhd bfhLf;fy;

thA;fYf;F (Exchange) tHpfhl;Lk;. Mdhy; rf;;;jp Mf;rhd; tHp xU KidapypUe;J

kw;bwhU Kidf;Ff; flj;jg;gLtjpy;iy. Ftpa (Localized) kpd; braw;ghLjhd;

Mf;rhd; tHp rydpf;fpd;wJ.

epa{uhd; niH tHp mDg;gg;gLtjw;F czh;t[j; J]z;lYf;Fg; BghJkhd mst[

J]z;lg;gl Btz;Lk;. nt;thW mDg;gg;gLfpd;w J]z;ly; epa{uhdpd; bjhlf;f

epiyf;F (Threshold Level) mjpfhpf;fg;gl Btz;Lk;. J]z;ly; fpsh;r;rpapd; kl;lj;ij

tpl (Level of Excitation) BghJkhd mst[ TLjyhf nUe;jhy; epa{uhd; mjd; Mf;;rhd;

tHp xU Jog;ig mDg;g[k;. mjd; totk; tPr;Rk; xj;jwp mog;gilapy; J]z;lypd;

fLikapypUe;J Rje;jpukhdjhFk;.

epa{uhd;fshy; cw;gj;jp bra;ag;gl;l epa{uhd; J]z;lypd; fLikiag; bghWj;J

mika[k;.

kdpjdpd; bghpa euk;g[ niHfs; bkypd; ciw (Myelin head) vd;w mLf;iff;

bfhz;oUf;Fk;.

glk;

ne;j ciw bfhGg;g[g; bghUshFk; kw;Wk; kpd; nf;RByl;lh; (Electrical Insulator) ne;j

ciwf;F mLj;jLj;j fZf;fs; nUf;fpd;wd; njpy; Mf;;rhdpd; bkd;Bjhy;

btspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;;;sd. ne;jf; fZf;fspy; Jog;g[fs; mjptpiutpy; Kd;BdWfpd;wd.

xU fZtpypUe;J mLj;jf;fZt[f;F jhz;ly; nUf;fpd;wJ.

ehk; xU euk;;gpypUe;J mLj;j euk;gpw;F bray;ghl;il flj;;JtJ ntw;wpd;

cjtpahy;;jhd;.

BehpLfpw R{HYf;F gjpy; brayhf bjhlA;Ffpw my;;yJ khWfpw braw;ghA;F

fw;wyhFk;; braypd; nay;g[ gjpy; tpist[fspd; Bghf;Ffs; (Native Response

Tendencies), Kjph;r;rp (Maturation) my;yJ cahpdj;jpd; jw;fhypf epiyfs; ntw;wpd;

mog;gilapy;; tpsf;f nayhJ.

Bkw;brhd;d nay;;ghd gjpy; tpist[ rhj;jpaA;fs; my;yJ Kjph;r;rp ntw;wpd;

fUj;Jr; rhay;fis fw;wy; bray;;ghl;od; gFjpahf Vw;Wf; bfhs;shky; cstpayhh;

tpl;Ltpl;lhh; vd;W mh;j;jky;;y. cs; czh;;t[fs; (Instincts) fUj;J bjsptpy;;yhikf;F

(Vagueness) cs;slf;Fk; brhy;yhf bghJthfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gJ

cstpayhhpd; Fw;wr; rhl;L ne;;j fUj;jpd;/ghh;;;itBfhz mog;gilapy; ghh;j;jhy;

(Language Acquisition) nay;;;g[ rhj;;jpaA;fs; (Native Tendencies) kw;Wk; njd; fhuzkhd

tsh;r;rp vd;gd bkhHp Nl;lj;jpy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;;e;;;;;jJ my;y ikaj;;;;jpl;lk; my;y.

tsh;r;rp braw;ghA;fpw;Fk; fw;wy; braw;ghA;fpw;Fk; nilBa fyitj; jd;ikahd mf

cwt[fs; nUe;j BghjpYk; mth;;fs; nuz;ila[k; jdpahfg;;; gphpj;Jg; ghh;;gij

ek;gpdhh;fs;. bkhHp Kf;fpakhf Kjph;r;rpahy; (Maturation) bgwg;gLtjy;;y; Vbdd;why;

mth;fs; fUj;Jg;go bkhHpg; Bgwpy; nilaPl;Lg; gapw;rp kpfg; bghpa gA;fspg;g[

bra;fpd;wJ.

khwhf bybdbgh;f; (Lenneberg) kw;Wk; rhk;!;fp Bghd;Bwhh; nilaPl;Lg; gapw;r;rp

(Intervening Practice) kpf rpwpa mstpy;jhd; bkhHpg; Bgwpy; gA;bfLf;fpd;wJ vd;W

mWjpapLth;. mth;;fs; FHe;;;ijfspy; bkhHpapd; cUthf;fk; (Emergence of Language)

bgsjpf Kjph;r;rpapd; kapy;fw;fs; (Milestone of Physical Maturation) kw;Wk;; g[ydwpt[

Kd;Bdw;wk; (Cognitive Development) ntw;wpw;F nilBa cs;s vBjl;irahd

bghUj;jj;ijf; (Accidental Correlation) fhl;oYk; TLjyhd mog;gilapy; caphpay;

rhh;e;j ey;iffis epWt[th;.

gy fw;wy; Bfhl;ghl;lhsh;fs; (Learning Theorists) ika euk;;g[ xGA;fikg;gpy;

(Central Nerous System) khw;wkhff; fw;wiyf; fUJfpd;wdh;. rpy fw;wy;

Bfhl;ghl;lhsh;fs; ne;jf; fUJBfhisj; jhz;or;; brd;W euk;g[r; brhaw;ghA;Ffisj;

(Neural Process) bjhpe;J bfhs;th;. ehk; bray;;;;;jpwd; (Performance) tHpahf xU

caphpdk; xd;;iw fw;Wtpl;ljh ny;iyah vd;W mwpayhk;. xU eguhy; bkhHp

gad;gLj;;jg;gLtJ mth; me;;j bkhHpia fw;Wtpl;lhh; vd;gijf; fhl;Lk;. Mdhy;

bray;jpwDk; (Performance) fw;wYk; (Learning) xd;wy;;y. Vbdd;why;; kkaf;fkUe;J

rhg;gpl;l xUth; jhd; fw;wij btspf;;;;;;fhl;l nayhJ; nay;ghd epiyapy;

btw;wpfukhfr; bra;a naYk;.

xU Fwpg;gpl;l xd;;iw fw;;wgpd; mjpy; ehk; TLjy; Brh;f;f naYk;; Fiwf;f

naYk;. kw;Wk; gy g[jpa R{Hy;fspy; kPz;Lk; bra;a naYk; vd;gJ bghJ mwpthFk;.

nJ fw;w elj;;;ijapd; gad;ghl;od; fhuzj;jhy;;; MFk;. tpist[ (Result)

fyitj;;;jd;iahdJ vd;why; caphpdk; mij g[jpjhf cUthf;fp tpl;lJ Bghy;

Bjhd;Wk;. fw;wy; Bfhl;ghl;lhsh; ne;j BtWghLfis fzpg;gjpy; ed;whf

BtWgLfpd;wdh;; rpyh; fw;wy; Bfhl;ghl;lhsh; gilg;ghf;fj;ij (Reactivity) tpistpf;Fk;

kW xGA;fikg;g[ (Rearrangement) cz;ikapy; elf;fpd;wJ vd;gij Vw;Wf;

bfhs;skhl;lhh;fs;. BtW rpyh; nijg;gw;wp ftiyg;gLtjpy;;iy gpwh; xU tpjkhd

bghJikahf;fj;;;jpd;; braw;ghA;fhy;; tpsf;f Kidth;;.

nk;khjphpahd R{Hy; bkhHpapaypYk; thf;fpa cUthf;fj;jpy; g[Jikf;Fk; (Novelty)

gilg;g[f;Fk; (Creativity) nilapy; nUf;fpd;wJ. xg;g[ika[k; (Analogy) Bghyr;bra;jhYk;

(Imitation) g[jpa thf;fpaA;fis cUthf;Ftjpy; Kf;fpa gA;bfLg;ghff; fUjg;gl;lJ.

#py;fhh;Lk;, bgstUk; (Hilgard and Bower) fw;wy; Bfhl;ghl;lhsid BehpLfpd;w rpy

khjphp rpf;fy;fshf gpd;tUtdtw;;iw Kd;;;;;itf;fpd;wdh;.

1. fw;wypd; vy;;iy vd;d? ne;j Bfs;;tp caphpdj;jpd; fw;Wk; Mw;wYld; (Capacity to

Learn) bjhlh;;g[ilaJ; mjhtJ xBu ndj;ij kw;Wk; BtWgl;l ndj;;ijr;

rhh;e;j fw;gitfSf;F nilBa cs;s jdpg;gl;l BtWghLfs;.

2. fw;wypy; gapw;rpapd; gA;F vd;d?

3. ce;jy; (Drives) Cf;fk; (Incentives) btFkjpfs; (Rewards) kw;Wk; jz;lidfs;

(Punishments) vd;gd vt;tst[ Kf;fpakhdit.

4. g[hpe;J bfhs;Sjy; (Understanding) kw;Wk; cs;swpt[ (Insight) ntw;wpd; nlk;

vd;d?

5. xd;;iwf; fw;wy; kw;bwhd;iw fw;gjw;F cjtp g[hpfpd;wjh?

6. ehk; epidt[ Th;e;jhy; my;;yJ kwe;jhy; vd;d epfGk;?

ne;;jf; Bfs;;tpfSf;fhd tpilfs; xU fw;wy; Bfhl;ghl;il kw;bwhU Bfhl;ghl;oypUe;J

BtWgLj;Jk;.

nay; 2

bkhHpg;BgW Bfhl;ghL

fw;wy; Bfhl;ghLfs; gw;wpa[k; bkhHpg;BgW gw;wpa[k; tphpthff; TWtBj nt;tpaypd;

Behf;fkhFk;. nt;tpaypy; fw;wy; Bfhl;ghl;od; bghJthd gz;g[fs; gw;wpa[k; fw;wy;

Bfhl;ghl;od; ghFghL gw;wpa[k; bkhHpBgW gw;wpa[k; tphpthd tpsf;fk; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

FHe;ijfspd; bkhHpg;BgW gw;wp MH;e;J Ma;t[ bra;a[k; nt;tha;Btl;ow;F nJ

nd;wpaikahj gFjpahFk;.

2.1. fw;wy; Bfhl;ghL

2.1.1 fw;wy; Bfhl;ghl;od; bghJthd gz;g[fs;

bkhHp my;yJ Bgr;R elj;ij ePz;l fhykhf cstpayhupd; ikaf; fUj;jhf

nUe;J bfhz;oUf;fpwJ. cstpayhu;fspy; gyu; kdpjdpd; BtWgl;l elj;ijfs;

fw;fg;gl;lit bkhHpa[k; mjw;F tpjptpyf;F my;y vdf; fUJfpd;wdu;.

fw;wy; Bfhl;ghLfs; K}d;W tifahd Behf;fA;fshy; MdJ:

1. Bfhl;ghl;lhsu;fspy; gyu; tpyA;Ffspd; fw;wy; elj;ijahdJ kdpjg; Bgr;R

elj;ijia tpsf;fj; Bjit vd ek;g[fpd;wdu;. tpyA;Ffspd; elj;ij kdpj

elj;ijia[k; cs;slf;fpajhff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.

2. fw;wy; Bfhl;ghl;lhsu;fs; Bgr;R my;yhj elj;ijf;Fk; Bgr;R elj;ijf;Fk;

Fz mog;gilapy; BtWghL ghuhl;Ltjpy;iy. mjhtJ nuz;od; mog;gila[k;

bghJthd xd;whff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.

3. fw;wy; fsk; kl;Lk; cstpaypy; Muhag;gLtjpy;iy vz;zr; bray;ghL

(thought process), g[ydhy; czu;jy; (perception) kw;Wk; mwpjy; (cognition) Bghd;w

rpy fsA;fSk; bkhHp my;yJ Bgr;R elj;ijia (verbal behaviour) ikakhff;

bfhz;L mike;Js;sd. vy;ByhUk; Vw;Wf;bfhs;sj;jf;f fw;wypd; jpUg;jpfukhd

tiuaiw tpsf;fk; cstpaypy; ny;iy. #py;fhu;l; kw;Wk; Bghu; (Hilgard and

Bower, 1966) bray;gl naYk; xU tiuaiw tpsf;fj;ijj; jUfpd;wdu;. BeupLfpw

R{HYf;Fg; gjpy; brayhfj; bjhlA;Ffpw my;yJ khWfpw braw;ghA;F

fw;wyhFk;. braypd; khw;wj;jpd; gz;g[fis nay;ghd gjpy; Bghf;Ffs; (native

response tendenices), Kjpu;r;rp (maturation) my;yJ capupdj;jpd; jw;fhypf epiyfs;

(kaf;fk; kUe;Jfs; Bghd;wit) ntw;wpd; mog;gilapy; tpsf;f nayhJ.

Bkw;brhd;d nay;ghd gjpy; Bghf;Ffs; my;yJ Kjpu;r;rp ntw;wpd; fUj;Jr;

rhay;fisf; fw;wy; bray;ghl;od; gFjpahf Vw;Wf;bfhs;shky; cstpayhu; tpl;Ltpl;ldu;

vd;W mu;j;jky;y. cs;Szu;t[fs; (instinct) fUj;Jj; bjsptpy;yhikf;F (vagueness)

Bkypilahd xU brhy;yhfg; bghJthfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gJ gy

cstpayhupd; Fw;wr;rhl;L. ng;ghu;itf; Bfhzj;jpd; mog;gilapy; ghu;j;jhy; bkhHpg;

BgWf;F (Language Acquisition) nay;ghd Bghf;Ffs; kw;Wk; mjd; fhuzkhd tsu;r;rp

vd;gd Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jBjh ikaj; jpl;lBkh my;y. tsu;r;rpr; braw;ghA;fpw;Fk;

fw;wy; braw;ghA;fpw;Fk; nilBa fyitj; jd;ikahd mf cwt[fs; nUe;jBghjpYk;

mtu;fs; nuz;ila[k; jdpahfg; gpupj;Jf; ghu;g;gij ek;gpdhu;fs;. bkhHp Kf;fpakhf

Kjpu;r;rpahy; (maturation) kl;Lk; bgwg;gLtjpy;iy. Vbdd;why; mtu;fs; fUj;Jg;go

bkhHpg; Bgwpy; nilaPl;Lg; gapw;rp (intervening practice) kpfg; bgupa gA;fspg;g[

bra;fpd;wJ. khwhf bybdbgu;f; (Lenneberg) kw;Wk; rhk;!;fp Bghd;Bwhu; nilaPl;Lg;

gapw;rp kpfr; rpwpa mstpy; jhd; bkhHpg;Bgwpy; gA;bfLf;fpd;wJ vd;W mWjpapLgtu;.

mtu;fs; FHe;ijfspy; bkhHpapd; cUthf;fk; (emergence of language) bgsjPf Kjpu;r;rpapd;

iky; fw;fs; kw;Wk; g[ydwp tshr;rp (cognitive development) ntw;wpw;F nilBaa[s;s

vBjl;iriahd bghUj;jj;ijf; fhl;oYk; TLjyhd mog;gilapy; capupay; rhu;e;j

ey;iffis epWt[tu;.

gy fw;wy; Bfhl;ghl;lhsu;fs; fw;wiy ika euk;g[ xGA;fikg;gpy; (central nervous

system) khw;wkhff; fUJfpd;wdh;. rpy fw;wy; Bfhl;ghl;lhsu;fs; nf;fUJBfhisj;

jhz;or;brd;W euk;g[r; brw;ghA;Ffisj; (neural process) bjupe;J bfhs;fpd;wdu;. ehk;

braw;jpwd; (performance) tHpahf xU capupdk; xd;iwf; fw;Wtpl;ljh ny;iyah vd;W

mwpayhk;. xU eguhy; bkhHp gad;gLj;jg;gLtJ mtu; me;j bkhHpiaf; fw;Wtpl;lhu;

vd;gijf; fhl;Lk;. Mdhy; bray;jpwDk; (performance) fw;wYk; (learning) xd;wy;y.

Vbdd;why; kaf;f kUe;J rhg;gpl;l epiyapy; cs;s xUtu; jhd; fw;wij

btspf;fhl;Ltjpy; jtWfpd;whu;. Mdhy; mtu; nay;ghd epiyapy; nij btw;wpfukhfr;

bra;a naYk;.

XU Fwpg;gpl;l xd;iwf; fw;wgpd; mjpy; ehk; TLjy; Bru;f;f naYk; Fiwf;f

naYk; kw;Wk; gy g[jpa R{Hy;fspy; kPz;Lk; bra;a naYk; vd;gJ bghJ mwpthFk;.

nJ fw;fg;gl;l elj;ijapd; (learned behaviour) gad;ghl;od; fhuzj;jpdhy;jhd;. tpist[

ftiyj; jd;ikahdJ vd;gjhy; capupdk; mijg; g[jpjhf cUthf;fptpl;lJ Bghy;

Bjhd;Wk;. fw;wy; Bfhl;ghl;lhsu; nt;BtWghLfisf; fzpg;gjpy; ed;whf

BtWgLfpd;wdu;. rpy fw;wy; Bfhl;ghl;lhsu;fs; gilg;ghf;fj;jpy; tpisa[k; kW

xGA;fikg;g[ (rearrangement) cz;ikapy; epfH;fpwJ vd;gij Vw;Wf;bfhs;s khl;lhu;fs;.

BtWrpyu; nijg;gw;wpf; ftiyg;gLtjpy;iy. gpwu; xUtpjkhd bghJikahf;fj;jpd;

braw;ghA;fpd; tHp tpsf;f Kidtu;. nJBghd;w R{Hy; bkhHpapaypy; thf;fpa

cUthf;fj;jpy; g[Jikf;Fk; (novelty) gilg;g[f;Fk; (creativity) nilapy; nUf;fpd;wJ.

xg;g[ika[k; (analogy) Bghyr; bra;jYk; (imitation) g[jpa thf;fpaA;fis cUthf;Ftjpy;

Kf;fpag; gA;bfLg;gjhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ.

#py;fhu;Lk; BghUk; (Hilgard and Bower 1966-6-11) fw;wy; Bfhl;ghl;lhiu

BeupLfpd;w rpy khjpupr; rpf;fy;fshfg; gpd;tUtdtw;iw Kd; itf;fpd;wdu;:

1. fw;wypd; vy;iy vd;d? nf;Bfs;tp capupdj;jpd; fw;Fk; Mw;wYld;

bjhlu;g[ilaJ. mjhtJ xBu ndj;ij kw;Wk; BtWgll ndj;ijr; rhu;e;j

fw;gtu;fSf;F nilBa cs;s jdpg;gl;l BtWghLfSld; bjhlu;g[ilaJ.

2. fw;wypd; gapw;rpapd; gA;F vd;d?

3. ce;Jjy; (derives), Cf;fk; (incentives), btFkjpfs;, (rewards) kw;Wk;

jz;lidfs; (punishments) vd;gd vt;tst[ Kf;fpakhdit?

4. g[upe;Jbfhs;Sjy; (understanding) kw;Wk; cs;swpt[ (insight) ntw;wpd; nlk;

vd;d?

5. xd;iwf; fw;wy; kw;bwhd;iwf; fw;gjw;F cjtp g[upfpd;wjh?

6. ehk; epidt[Tu;e;jhy; my;yJ kwe;jhy; vd;d epfGk;.

ne;j Bfs;tpfSf;fhd tpilfs; xU fw;wy; Bfhl;ghl;il kw;bwhU

Bfhl;ghl;oypUe;J BtWgLj;Jk;.

2.1.2 fw;wy; Bfhl;ghLfspd; ghFghL

fw;wy; Bfhl;ghl;il nU bgupa FGf;fshf tifg;gLj;jyhk;:

1. J]z;ly;-gjpy; bray; (Stimulus-Response=S.R) Bfhl;ghLfs;

2. g[ydwp Bfhl;ghLfs;

ehk; jhz;ilf; (Thorndike), gt;yt; (Paulou), Fj;iu (Guthire), !;fpd;du; (Skinner) kw;Wk;

#y; ( Hull) MfpBahiu J]z;ly;-gjpy; Bfhl;ghLfspd; gpujpepjpfs; Mff; fUjyhk;.

Blhy;khd; (Tolman) kw;Wk; b$!;lhy;l; cstpayhsu;fs; (Gestalt Psychologists)

MfpBahupd; Bfhl;ghLfisg; g[ydwp rhu;e;jit vdf; fUjyhk;. nt;tifg;gLj;jy;

bjhlh;g[s;s Bfhl;ghLfisr; ruptu epu;zak; bra;Js;sJ vd;W Tw nayhJ. xU

tpupe;j FGtpy;gLk; Bfhl;ghLfSf;F nilBa Kf;fpa BtWghLfs; ny;iy vd;W

fUjf;TlhJ. nt;tpU FGf;fSk; K}d;W Kf;fpa tHpfspy; xd;wpypUe;J xd;W BtWgLk;.

J]z;ly; kw;Wk; gjpy; bray; vd;gitfSf;F nilBa J]z;ly;-gjpy; bray;

Bfhl;ghl;lhsu; jir naf;fj;ijj; (muscular movement) jtpu vija[k; Fwpg;gpltpy;iy.

xU vyp xU czt[g; bgl;oia Behf;fpr; bry;ifapy; mJ jd; nyf;if mile;J

btFkjpiag; bgWtjw;F Kd; mjw;F nilg;gl;litfshfj; jirg; gjpy; (muscular

responses) bray;fspd; rA;fpyp (bjhlu;r;rp) nUf;Fk;. vz;zj;jpw;F nilg;gl;l bksd

naf;fk; (silent movement) my;yJ Bgr;RWg;g[fspd; Jizg;Bgr;R naf;fk; (subvocal

movement of Speech Organs) MFk;. nuz;lhtJ J]z;ly; gjpy; Bfhl;ghl;lhsu; vit

fw;fg;gLfpd;wdBth mit gof;fA;fs; vd;W ek;g[fpd;wdu;. khwhfg; g[ydwp

mikg;g[fs; (cognitive structure) mjhtJ xU jpl;lk; vd;W ek;g[fpd;wdu;. K}d;whtJ

BtWghL rpf;fy; jPu;tpy; (problem solving) Kaw;rp jtW (trail and error) kw;Wk; cs;swpt[

(insight) ntw;wpw;Fj; jUk; ,j;Jld; bjhlu;g[ilajhFk;. J]z;ly;-gjpy; bray;

Bfhl;ghl;lhsu; xU capupdk; xU rpf;fiyj; jPu;f;f jd; gHf;fj;ijr; rhu;e;jpUf;Fk; vd

ek;g[fpd;wdu;. nJ jd; jPu;khdj;ijg; g[jpa kw;Wk; giHa rpf;fy;fSf;F nilBa cs;s

bghUthd jdpkA;fs; my;yJ g[jpa R{HYf;Fk; Vw;fdBt re;jpj;j R{HYf;Fk; nilBa

cs;s xw;Wik ntw;wpd; mog;gilapy; bra;a[k; xU capupdk; Bkw;brhd;ww gofisg;

gpd;gw;Wk; Kaw;rpapy; Bjhw;why; mJ rupahd jPu;t[ fpilg;gJ tiu Kaw;rp kw;Wk; jtW

vd;gjpy; NLgLk;. G[ydwp fw;wy; Bfhl;ghl;lhsu; jw;Bghija rpf;fypd; jPu;t[f;F fle;j

fhy mDgtk; ifbfhLf;Fk; vd;W fUjkhl;lhu;fs; vjpu; bfhs;sg;gLk; rpf;fypd; xBu

fhyj;ijr; rhu;e;j mikg;ghf;fk; Kf;fpakhd gz;g[f;TW MFk;. Vbdd;why; mJ

nWjpahfg; bghUj;jkhd jPu;itj; jUk; Mf cwt[fSf;Fs; cs;Szu;it tsur; bra;a

cjt[fpwJ.

fw;wypd; rpf;fypd; Kf;fpa mk;rk; K}d;W epiyfisr; Rw;wp mikfpd;wd:

1. cs;Szu;t[ rhu;e;jjhFk;. Kaw;rp jtW ne;j cs;Szu;tpypUe;J

Mf;fg;gl;ljhFk;.

2. fw;wy; Kaw;rp-jtW epfH;r;rpahFk;. cs;Szu;t[fs; fw;wy; Kaw;rp-jtW

vd;gjpypUe;J cUthdjhFk;.

3. fw;wy; cs;Szu;t[ kw;Wk; Kaw;rp-jtW vdgtw;iwa[k; cs;spl;l gy

tiffis cs;slf;Fk; capupd’;fshy; Beuplg;gLk; rpf;fy;fspd; nay;g[

vijg; gad;gLj;j Btz;Lk; vd;gijj; jPu;khdpf;Fk;.

fw;wy; Bfhl;ghLfs; gy fiyr;brhw;fshy; (jargons) gz;ghf;fk; bra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.

mtw;iwg; g[upe;Jbfhs;shtpy;ly; kpf vspa fUj;Jr; rhay;fSk; (notions) md;dpakhfj;

Bjhd;Wk;. gy fw;wy; Bfhl;ghLfs; tha;bkhHp fw;wy; gw;wp (verbal learning)

btspg;gilahfg; Bgrtpy;iy. mit tha;bkhHp fw;wiy myl;rpak; bra;jd; my;yJ

mijg; bghJthd fw;wy; rl;lfj;jpy; tpsf;f Kaw;rpf;fpd;wd. ehk; bghJthf kdpjf;

fw;wYf;Fg; gad;gLk; fw;wy; Bfhl;ghLfspd; mog;gilf; fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itg;gJld;

vy;iyg;gLj;jpf; bfhz;Ls;Bshk;. vA;bfy;yhk; tha;bkhHp fw;wYld; Fwpg;g[iu

naYBkh mijr; bra;fpd;Bwhk;. nJ bkhHpapd; kw;Wk; rhk;!;fpapd; (1959) bjupe;j

gz;g[fspd; mog;gilapy; mike;j bkhHpf; Bfhl;ghLfspd; bghUslf;fk; kw;Wk;

mZFKiwfs; ntw;wpd; kjpg;g[iuahy; (criticims) bjhlug;gLk;.

2.1.2.1 vl;tu;l; vy;. jhz;ilf;fpd; fw;wy; Bfhl;ghL

jhz;ilf; (Edward L. Thorndike, 1874-1948) Kay;jy;-jtWjy; (trial and error)

vd;gjhy; fw;wiyf; fPHepiy tpyA;FfspYk; (lower animals) kdpj ndA;fspYk;

fhzg;gLk; fw;wypd; rpwg;ghd tothff; fhz;fpwhu;. capupdk; xU rpf;fiy

BeupLifapy; mJ rhj;jpakhd gjpy; tpist[fspypUe;J bghUj;jkhd gjpy; braiyj;

Bju;e;bjLf;f Btz;Lk;. xU g{id jhH;g;ghshy; naf;fg;gLk; kiwf;fg;gl;l

naf;fbewpiaf; bfhz;l bgl;oapypUe;J jg;gpf; Btz;Lbkd;why; mJ bjhlu;r;rpahd

Kay;jy;-jtWjy; (trial and error) Kaw;rpfspd; K}yk; rupahd naf;f bewpiaj; (mchanism)

bjupe;J bfhs;Sk;. mJ rupahd naf;f bewpiaf; fz;L bfhz;lhYk; rupahd jPu;it

cldoahf fw;Wf;bfhs;tjpy;iy. Vbdd;why; jtwhd gjpy; tpist[fis ePf;FjYk;

rupahdtw;iwg; gyg;gLj;jYk; ftdj;jpw; bfhs;sj;jf;f fhy msit vLf;Fk;.

rupahd gjpy; tpist[fisj; Bju;e;bjLg;gjpYk; bjhlu;g[ gLj;JtjpYk; jhd;

fw;wy; elf;fpwJ vd;W jhz;ilf; ek;g[fpwhu;. mtUila jpl;lj;jpy; tpyA;Ffs; jA;fs;

fw;wy; braiyr; R{H;epiya[ld; bray;fspd; Beuoj; bjhlu;gpdhy; bra;fpd;wJ.

vz;zA;fSf;F cUf;bfhLj;jy; jPu;t[f;F Kf;fpakhdJ my;yJ R{Hy; epiyfs;

czug;gLk;BghJ gjpy; tpist[fs; bra;ag;gLk;. jhz;ilf;fpd; ghu;itf; Bfhzk;

mog;gilapy; tpyA;fpd; fw;wYf;Fg; bghUe;Jk; mog;gilf; bfhs;iffs; kdpjdpd;

fw;wy; elj;ijf;Fk; bghUe;Jk;. tpyA;Ffspy; fw;wypd; mog;gil tHp TLjy; fyitj;

jd;ikahd fw;wy; elj;ij bjupe;Jbfhs;sg;gl;l vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ

jhz;ilf; kdpjdpd; fw;wiyj; jahu;epiy (readiness), gapw;rp (exercise) kw;Wk;

tpist[ (effect) ntw;wpd; tpjpfspd; Clhl;lkhf fUJfpd;whu;. jahu;epiy tpjp (law of

readniness) tpisit[ tpjpf;Fg; (Law of effect) bgsjPf moj;jsj;ijj; (physiological subtratum)

jUfpd;wJ. Kf;fpakhf mJ xU braYf;Fj; jahuhtijf; Fwpf;fpwJ. capupdj;jpd;

euk;gZf;fs; (neurons) capupdk; jpUg;jp milag;gl;l my;yJ BfhgK}l;lg;gLfpwBjh

vd;gijj; jPu;khdpf;fpwJ. mjhtJ capupdA;fs; NLgLj;jg;gLfpd;wjh vd;gjhFk;.

jhz;ilf; Btiyapy; Mu;tk; (interest in work), jpwikapd; Kd;Bdw;wj;jpy; Mu;tk; (interest

in improvement of skill), capupdj;jpd; rpf;fy; Fwpj;j kdg;ghd;ik (organism`s problem

attitude), ftdkhf nUj;jy; (attentiveness) kw;Wk; Bjitaw;w czu;r;rpfSk; tUj;jKk;

ny;yhik (absense of irrelevant emotion and worry) vd;gd fw;wy; R{H;epiyiaa[k;

fl;Lg;gLj;JtJl;d mit Mw;wg;gLj;Jk; gz;g[f;TWfis (motivational features)

cUthf;ft[k; capupdj;jpd; braYf;fhd jahu;epiyapd; ghfkhf khwt[k; bra;a[k; vd;W

fz;Lbfhs;fpwhu;. xU capupdk; vijahtJ fw;Wtpl;lhy; vjpupLk; fw;wy;

R{H;epiyfSf;Fk; bjhlf;ff; fw;wy; R{H;epiyfSf;Fk; nilapy; cs;s bghJthd

jdpkA;fisf;fz;L bfhs;tjd; K}yk; ne;jf; fw;wy; g[jpa fw;wYf;F tHp bra;a[k;

gapw;rpapd;tpjp mg;gprhaj;ij (practice) Fwpg;g[iu bra;a[k;. gapw;rp nUf;Fk;

vd;why; mj;bjhlu;g[fs; cWjpg;gLk;. gapw;rp epWj;jg;gl;lhy; mj;bjhlu;g[fs;

tYtpHf;fBth kwf;fg;glBth bra;a[k;. R{H;epiyfs; kPz;Lk; epfH;ifapy; gjpy; tpist[k;

kPz;Lk; epfGk; vd;w rhj;jpaj;jpd; mjpfupg;ghy;; cWjpg;ghL tiuaiw tpsf;fk;

bra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. R{H;epiy cldoahfj; jpUk;gt[k; epfH;e;jhy; rhj;jpak; TLjyhf

nUf;Fk;. bjhlu;g[fspd; cWjpg;gLj;jYf;F gapw;rp kl;Lky;y jpUk;gt[k; epfH;jy; Vw;gLk;

epiyika[k; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

jhz;ilf;fpd; rl;lfj;jpy; g[upe;Jbfhs;Sjy; (understanding) Kf;fpakhd gA;F

tfpf;ftpy;iy. Vbdd;why; g[upe;Jbfhs;Sjy; gHf;fj;jhy; (habits) tsu;tjhff;

fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. jhz;ilf; cs;Szu;t[f;Fk; g[upe;Jbfhs;SjYf;Fk; gjpyhfg;

gapw;rpiaa[k; (drill) gHf;fj;ija[k; (habit) tpUk;gp vLj;Jf;bfhs;fpwhu;. mtiug;

bghWj;jkl;oy; kdpjd; cs;Szu;t[ gHf;fj; bjhlu;g[g;gLj;jy;fshYk; (habitual

associations) xg;g[ikfshYk; (anologies) bgwg;gLfpd;wJ. nt;thW jhz;ilf;fpd; fw;wy;

Bfhl;ghL bkhHp fw;wypy; gHf;f cUthfj;ija[k; (habit formation) xg;g[ikiaa[k; (analogy)

tw;g[Wj;Jfpd;wJ.

jpUg;jpfukhd epiyika[ld; (satisfying condition) Bru;e;J tUifapy; bjhlu;g[

tYg;bgWk; vd;Wk; BfhgK}l;Lk; epiyika[ld; (annoying condition) Bru;e;J tUifapy;

bjhlu;g[ tYtpHf;Fk; vd;Wk; tpistpd; tpjp (Law of effect) TWfpd;wJ. bghJthfg;

gpujpgyd;fBsh (reward) btw;wpfBsh (successes) gpujpgyd; bgw;w elj;ijapd; (rewarded

behaviour) fw;wYf;Fj; Jizg[upa[k; vd nJ bghUs;gLk;. nBj tHpapy; jz;lidfBsh

(purnishment) Bjhy;tpfBsh (failures) elj;ijapd; kPz;Lk; epfH;jiy tpsf;Fk;

my;yhtpoy; mJ jz;lidiaBah Bjhy;tpiaBah BfhgK}l;liyBah Vw;Fk;. jhz;ilf;

xU bjhlu;g[g;gLj;jYf;Fg; gpujpgyd; bra;tJ mij tYg;gLj;Jk; vd;gija[k;

jz;lid jUtJ njpy; ve;jg; ghjpg;iga[k; Vw;gLj;jhJ vd;Wk; fz;Lbfhs;fpwhu;.

jhz;ilf; Jizepiyahd nay;g[ilaJ kw;Wk; tpyA;Ffspd; fw;wYf;Fk;

kdpju;fspd; fw;wYf;Fk; gad;gLj;jf;ToaJ vd;W fUjg;gLk; Ie;J TLjyhd

rl;lA;fisf; fz;Lf;bfhs;fpwhu;. Kjy; Jizepiyr; rl;lk; gy; gjpy; tpist[fs;

(multiple response) my;yJ BtWgl;l vjpu;tpist[fs; (varied reaction) gw;wpajhFk;.

fw;gtu; xU rpf;fiy BeupLifapy; mtu; jd;Dila gjpy;tpisit BtWgLj;jp rupahd

jPu;t[f;F tUfpwhu;. nuz;lhtJ Jizepiyr;rl;lk; fw;gtu;fSf;F kdepiyfspd; KGf;

FGkj;ija[k; TWfpwJ. nk;kdepiy xU Fwpg;gpl;l epfH;r;rp fw;gtiu

jpUg;jpg;gLfpd;wjh btWg;g{l;Lfpd;wjh vd;gijj; jPu;khdpf;fpd;wJ. fw;Wf;bfhz;l

elj;ijapd; jf;fitg;g[k; kwj;jYk; capupdj;jpd; epiyikiag; bghWj;J mika[k;.

jdpkA;fspd; Kd;jpwik Jizepiyr;rl;lk; (Law of Prepotency of Elements) xU fw;gtu;

Bju;t[ mog;gilapy; vjpu;tpist[ g[upayhk; vd;W TWfpd;wJ. Ma;t[rhu; (analytical)

kw;Wk; cs;Szu;t[rhu; (insightful) fw;wy; capupdj;jpd; nj;jpwikapd; gad;ghl;lhy;

elf;fpd;wJ vd;W jhz;ilf; ek;g[fpwhu;.

ehd;fhtJ Jizepiyr; rl;lk; xg;g[ikahy; Vw;gLk; gjpy; tpist[ MFk;.

fw;gtu; xg;g[ikahy; g[jpa R{H;epiyfSf;F Xupdkhf;fk; (assimilation) my;yJ gjpy;

tpist[ bfhs;iftHp gjpyspf;fpd;whu;. nij epiwBtw;w nUtHpfs; nUf;fpd;wd.

fw;gtu; jhd; Vw;fdBt Beupl;l R{H;epiyiag; Bghd;w g[jpa R{H;epiyf;Fg;

gjpyspf;fyhk; my;yJ mr;R{Hypy; VjhtJ xd;WBghy; nUf;fpw jdpkj;jpw;F

gjpyspf;fyhk;. ve;jg; gjpy; tpist[k; Ke;ija fw;wypd; tHp tpsf;fg;gl Btz;Lk;.

gjpyspg;gjd; cs;shu;e;j Bghf;fhy; (internal tendencies) nJ Fiwepiwt[ bra;ag;gLk;.

Bkw;brhd;d bfhs;if gjpyspg;gjd; cs;shu;e;j Bghf;Ff;Ff; TLjyhf vija[k;

fUjtpy;iy vd;gijf; ftdpf;ft[k;. nt;tpjpfs; xd;Bwh my;yJ gpw tot[fspByh

fl;Lz;l gjpy;tpist[f; Bfhl;ghLfspd; mog;gilahf mikfpd;wJ vd;gijf;

ftdpf;ft[k;. jhz;ilf; gpd;dhy; tUfpw fw;wy; Bfhl;ghLfspd; bgUk;ghd;ikahd

vy;yhg; gz;g[fisa[k; vLj;Jf;bfhz;Ls;shu;.

Ie;jhtJ Jizepiyr; rl;lk; bjhlu;g[s;s nlkhw;wr; rl;lk; (Law of associative

shifting) vd miHf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. nj;Jiz tpjpiag; gad;gLj;jp Kjy; J]z;ly;

R{H;epiy (first stimulating situation) KGtJkhf khw;wg;glyhk;. nUg;gpDk; bgwg;gLk;

gjpy; tpist[ tpUg;gg;gl;ljhFk;. Vr;R{H;epiya[k; fw;gtu; czu;t[g{u;tkhf nUf;fpw

ve;jg; gpw R{H;epiya[lDk; bjhlu;g[g; gLj;jg;glyhk; vd;W jhz;ilf; ek;g[fpwhu;.

jahu;epiyf; fUj;JUf;Fk; capu;rhu; kdg;ghA;Ff;Fk; nilBaa[s;s bjhlu;g[ gw;wp

Bfl;gjw;F ahuhtJ tpUk;gyhk;. ne;j tp&ak; (matter) jhz;ilf;fhy; btspg;gilahf

tpsf;fg;gltpy;iy. nij cstpsy;rhu; Kjpu;r;rpr; braw;ghA;FfSld nizf;fyhkh

my;yJ ehk; nj;jahu; epiyia VjhtJ tHpapy; bkhHpg; bghJikfSld; Tl;Lr;

Bru;f;f naYkh? Gapw;rpapd; rl;lk; bkhHp BgWf;Ff; TLjy; bghUj;jk;

bfhz;oUf;fpwjh? gapw;rpahdJ Mf;f tpjpfis (generative rules) mfepiyahf;fk;

bra;jy; Bghd;w BtWgl;l gy elg;g[fistplf; TLjy; Kf;fpag; gA;F tfpf;fpd;wjh?

bkhHpapayhsu;fSf;fpilBa jhz;ilf; mtUila epfH;btz; vz;zpf;iffSf;F

Btz;o epidt[ Twg;gLthu;. epfH;btz; vz;zpf;iffs; bkhHpapy; TLjyhfg;

gad;gLj;jg;gLk; brhw;fisf; fz;Lf;bfhs;sf; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. ne;j vz;zpf;iffs;

kpfg; gue;j BtWgl;l K}yA;fspypUe;J Brfupf;fg;gl;litfspd; mog;gilapy; gy

ghlE]y;fs; vGjg;gl;Ls;sd. nd;Dk; fy;tpahsu;fshy; vGjg;gLk;. nUg;gpDk; ne;j

vz;zpf;iffspd; mog;gil bkhHp mDkhdA;fs; Iaj;jpw;Fupait. bkhHpr;

brhw;fisf; fle;jjhFk;. jhz;ilf;fpd; TLjy; epfH;btz; cs;s brhw;fs; xU FGkg;

gDty;fspd; mog;gilapy; MdjhFk;. ek;kplk; gpuepjpj;jd;ikahd Vuhskhd

gDty;fs; nUe;jhYk; bkhHpf; Tw;Wfspd; g[Jik kw;Wk; g[jpa Tw;Wfs; cUthf;f

naYtjd; Btfk; vd;gd rpf;fiyj; juyhk;. xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; TLjy;

epfH;btz; cs;s brhy;yhf nUg;gJ kw;bwhU fhyfl;lj;jpy; TLjy; epfH;btz; cs;s

brhy;yhf nUf;fj; Bjitapy;iy. mjhtJ epfH;btz; vz;zpf;if g[s;spay; rpf;fy;

kl;Lkpd;wp xU bkhHpapd; jdpj;jd;ikahy; gz;ghf;fk; bra;ag;gl;l bkhHpapay;

rpf;fYkhFk;. brhw;fis kl;Lk; fUj;jpw; bfhz;lhy;; bkhHpapd; cstpay; kPJ

BghJkhd mst[ fz;fhzpg;g[fisr; bra;tjpy; Bjhy;tpa[Wfpd;Bwhk;. nUg;gpDk;

jhz;ilf; xU Kjd;ikahd fy;tprhu; cstpayhu; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy. BkYk; xU

jPu;itf; fhz;gjw;F ve;jr; rpf;fypd; fz;Lgpog;g[ kw;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;l jd;ik ntw;wpd;

kPjhd ntu; tw;g[Wj;jy; ek; vy;Byhiua[k; bjhlu;e;J tHpg;gLj;Jk;.

jhz;ilf;fhy; gupe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l Cf;fg; gz;g[ TWfs; (motivotional features)

K}d;W Kjd;ikr; rl;lA;fshd jahu;epiyr; rl;lk;, gapw;rp rl;lk; kw;Wk; tpist[r; rl;lk;

vd;gt[k; Ie;J Jizikr; rl;lA;fshd Kd;jpwik, gy;gjpy; tpist[, kdepiy,

xg;g[ikahy; gjpy;tpist[ kw;Wk; Tl;Lr;Bru; nlkhw;wk; vd;gdt[k; ntw;Wld; gpujpgyd;

kw;Wk; jz;lid vd;w fUj;Jr; rhay;fSk; Kjy; bkhHpapd; Vw;fdBt

mfepiyahf;fg;gl;l tpjpfSld; Beuplg;gLk; juitg; bghUj;Jk; tHpahy; tpjpfspd;

mfepiyahf;fk; bgwg;gLifapy; nuz;lhtJ bkhHpapd; BgWf;F ve;jtpj IaKkpd;wpj;

Bjitg;bghUj;jk; cilajha; nUf;Fk;. ve;j mstpw;F nJ jha; bkhHpg; BgWf;Fg;

gad;gLj;jj;jf;fJ vd;gJ bjspthf ny;iy.

2.1.2.2 b$!;lhy; fw;wy; Bfhl;ghL

b$!;lhy;l; fw;wy; Bfhl;;ghl;od; (The Gestalt theory of Learning) tsh;r;rpapy; K}d;W

Kf;fpakhdth;fs; bjhlh;;;;;g[gLfpd;whh;;fs;. mth;;fs; khf;!; bth;ijkh; (Max Wertheimer),

Bfhyh; (Kohler) kw;Wk; Fh;j; Bfh|g;fh (Kurt Koffka) vd;gth;;fshth;.

Bfhyhpd; kdpjf;;;;;;;; FuA;Ffs; kPjhd ghpBrhjid Ke;ija Bfhl;ghLfspd;

m!;jpthuj;;ij mirj;jJ; nJ g[hpe;Jbfhs;siy Kf;fpa epfH;thf (crucial event)

tw;g[Wj;Jfpd;wJ. ng;g[fH; bgw;w ghpBrhjidapy; xU kdpjf; FuA;F xU Tz;oy;

milf;fg;gl;L cr;rpapy; xU thiHg;gHk; nizf;fg;gl;lJ. xU bgl;oa[k;

itf;fg;gl;lJ; thiHg;gHj;;;ij bgl;oapy; Vwp Fjpj;jhy;jhhd; milaKoa[k;.

ng;ghpBrhjidf;F cl;gl;l vy;yh kdpjf; FuA;Ffspy; xBu xU FuA;fhy;jhhd;

nr;rpf;fiyj; jPh;f;f Koe;jJ. gpw FuA;Ffs; rhpahd R{H;epiyapd; Bghyr;bra;jyhByh

(imitation) my;yJ bgl;o gHj;jpw;F Beh;fPHhf itf;fg;gl;lBghBjhjhd; nr;rpf;fiyj;

jPh;j;;jd. jPh;it mwpe;J bfhz;lgpd; FuA;Ffs; nyf;;if mila vg;BghJk; bgl;oiag;

gad;gLj;;jpd.

kw;bwhU ghpBrhjidapy; nuz;L bgl;ofs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. xd;iw

kw;bwhd;;wpd; Bky; itj;Jj;jhd; nyf;if mila naYk;. ng;ghpBrhjid g[tpaPh;g;g[

tpiriaa[k; bjhpe;Jbfhs;sj; Bjitg;gl;ljhy; nJ jPh;t[ fhz;gjw;Ff; fodkhd

rpf;fyhf mike;jJ. kdpjf; FuA;Ffs; xU bgl;oapd; Bky; kw;bwhU bgl;oia itf;Fk;

cghaj;ij mwpe;J bfhz;ld; Mdhy; g[tpNh;g;g[ nirf;F vjpuhf cliy epiy

epWj;jpf; bfhs;Sk; cghaj;ijj; bjhpe;Jbfhs;;s naytpy;iy.

K}d;whtJ ghpBrhjidapy; nuz;L bgl;ofs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. xd;iw

kw;bwhd;wpd; Bky; itj;Jj;jhd; nyf;if milag; gad;gLj;Jk;go mikf;fg;gl;lJ.

czt[ mila[k; vy;;iyiaj;;; jhz;o Tz;ow;F btspBa itf;fg;gl;lJ. fk;igf;

ftdkhfg; gad;gLj;jpjhd; nyf;if mila naYk;. kdpjDf;F FuA;Ffs; nyf;;;if

mila fk;g[fspd; gad;ghl;il czh;e;j BghJjhd; rpf;fiyf; Fwpj;j cs;swpt[

(Insight) my;yJ g[hpjy; bjhlA;fpaJ Muk;g Kaw;rpfs; btw;wp bgw tpy;;iy. rpy

Btisfspy; Kaw;;;;;;;; ;;;;;;rpapy; kdpjf; FuA;Ffs; fk;gpfis nHe;jd ePz;l Beu Kw;rpf;Fg;;;;; gpd;

rhpahd tpilia/jPh;it mwpe;J bfhz;oUf;Fk;. ne;j vy;yh Kaw;rpfSk; caphpdA;fs;

R{H;epiyapd; ce;jyhy; kw;Wk; fl;lhaj;;jhy; bra;jd vd;Wk; fUJtJ jtW vd;W

fhl;od.

b$!;lhy;l; (Gestalt) vd;;;why; vd;d? b$!;lhy;l; vd;why; xUA;fpizf;fg;gl;l

(unified) KGik my;yJ tot mikg;g[ my;;yJ mikg;bghGA;F vd;W bghUs;gLk;;

mijf; Fwpg;gpl;l FzA;fs; (specific properties) cila mjd; cl;TWfspd; Brh;g;;ghy;

Mf;fg;bgw nayhJ. b$!;lhy;oy; gFjpfis BtWgLj;j naYk;; nUg;gpDk;

(b$!;lhy;od; cUthf;fj;jpd; tHpahf) K}yj;jpy; fhzg;glhj rpy FzA;fisf;

bfhz;oUf;Fk;. b$!;lhy;l; csbkhHpapayhh; nr;R{H;epiy vy;yh kdpj elj;ijapYk;

tpahgpj;jpUg;gija[k; cyfk; b$!;lhy;l;ilf; bfhz;oUf;fpd;wJ vd;Wk; fhz;fpwhh;fs;.

b$!;lhy;l; Bfhl;ghL gpuhf;dd;!; (Pragnanz) tpjp (Law of Pragnanz) vd;;w tHp

elj;Jk; bfhs;ifiaf; bfhz;oUf;fpd;wJ. BkYk; ehd;F Jizepiy xGA;FKiw

tpjpfisf; (Subordinate Laws of Organization) bfhz;oUf;fpd;wJ. Jizepiy tpjpfs;

xw;Wik, mz;ik, Kot[Wjy; kw;Wk; ey;;;y bjhlh;r;rp vd;;w tpjpfshFk;. b$!;rhy;;l;

csbkhHpapayhh; cstpay; xGA;FKiw bghJthd jpirapy; bry;;;fpd;wJ vd;W

fUJfpd;whh;fs;. ng;bghJthd jpir gpuhf;dd;!; (Pragnanz) epiyia (State of

Pragnanz) Behf;fpaJ MFk;. ne;epiy rPh;ik, vspik, epiyj;jd;ik vd;w

FzA;fisf; bfhz;oUf;Fk;. caphpdj;ijr; Rw;wpa totikg;g[ (Configuration around

Organism) naf;fj;jd;;ik cilajhff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ; njd;go rkepiy kpf

Kf;;fpakhdjhFk;. Mdhy; fw;wy; R{Hy;fs; rkkpd;ikf;Ff; bfhz;L bry;Yk;.

xw;Wikapd; tpjpfs; (Laws of Similarity) fz;lwpjypy; (Perception) FGkA;fis

cWjp bra;a cjt[fpwJ. Xw;Wika[s;s bghUl;fs; (similar Items) caphpdj;jpy; xd;W

Bghy; FGkg;gl;Ls;sd. nuz;L bghUl;fs; xd;W Bghy; nUf;fpd;wJ vd;why; mit

BtWgl;l xd;iwtpl vspjpy; fw;fg;gLk;. nuz;L nizfspd; mz;ik FGkA;fis

cUthf;f Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. nJ mz;il tpjpfs; (Laws of Proximity) vdg;gLk;. Kot[

epiyfspd; tpjpfs; (Laws of Closure States) Kot[w;w bray;fs; epfH;t[fspd; Koitf;

bfhz;LtUk; vdf;Fwpg;gpLk;. bray; Kot[whtpl;lhy; mikjpapd;ika[k; rkkpd;ika[k;

nUf;Fk;. ek;Kila elj;ij nyf;if mila KaYk;; nyf;if miltJtiu ehk;

khw;w epiyapy; nUg;;Bghk;. nyf;;if Behf;fp miltJ fw;wiy cUg;gLj;Jk;. ey;y

bjhlh;r;rp tpjp (Law of Good Continuation) xU epfH;Bth (event) bghUBsh (object)

Fiwa[s;sJ vd;whYk; fl;g[y xGA;FKiw epfH;itBah bghUisBah KGikahd

xd;whf Mf;f KaYk;.

Bkw;brhd;dJld; TlBt b$!;lhy;l; cstpayhh; xU caphpdj;;;jpd; fl;g[y

braw;ghA;if (Perceptual processes) gz;ghf;fk; bra;a[k; K}d;W Bghf;Ffis (tendencies)

fz;L bfhs;fpwhh;;fs;. nit rkepiyg;gLj;;jy; Th;ikg;gLj;;jy; kw;Wk;

nay;g[epiyg;gLj;jy; (normalizing) rkepiyg;gLj;;jy; vd;w Bghf;F caphpdj;ij

ghfA;fspd; xj;jikt[ kw;Wk; rPh;ik cwt[fis (symmetry and relation) ghh;j;jwpa

tHpg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. mTh;ikg;gLj;jy; vd;w Bghf;F xU mikg;bghGA;Ffspd;

BtWgLj;;Jfpw my;yJ jdpj;jd;ikahf gz;g[fis typa[Wf;JfpwJ. nay;g[ gLj;jy;

vd;w Bghf;F bghUSf;F Xust[f;F xw;Wik cs;s xU bghUis mBj gHf;fk; cs;s

bghUshff; fz;Lbfhs;sr; bra;fpwJ. bghJthf b$!;lhy;l; cstpayhh;fs;

jw;Bghija bray;ghl;ow;F (present performance) Ke;ija mDgtj;;;jpd; Bjitia

(relevance) vLj;Jf; bfhs;s (recognize) khl;lhh;;fs;.

nUg;;;gpDk; mth;;fspd; epidtfg; gz;;;ghf;fk; Ke;ija mDgtj;jpw;Fr; rpwpaJ

Kf;fpaj;;;Jtk; jUfpwJ. Ke;;;ija mDgtj;jhy; epidt[fs; Brfhpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

b$!;lhy;l; Bfhl;ghsh;fs; jw;Bghija braw;ghA;fpd; epidt[r;RtL (trace of memory)

Ke;ija mDgtj;;;;;;jpd; epue;juj; bjhlh;r;rpahFk;. ne;j tpsf;fk; b$!;lhy;l;

cstpahyiu ne;jj; Jiwa[ld; nzf;fkhft[k; mjd; bjhlh;r;rpf;Fk; naf;fj;jpw;Fk;

Tl;lhft[k; nUf;fr; bra;fpwJ.

2.2. bkhHpg;BgW

bkhHpg;Bgiw tpsf;f Kf;fpa nuz;L mZFKiwfs; nUf;fpd;wd:

1. Kjy; mZFKiw bkhHpahdJ gpw elj;ijfisg; Bghy; fw;fg;gLfpd;wJ

vd;W fUJfpd;wJ.

2. nuz;lhk; mZFKiw bkhHp cs;shu;e;j mwpt[ mog;gilapyhdJ kw;Wk;

cz;ikahd fw;wy; R{H;epiy ny;iy my;yJ Bjit ny;iy vdyhk; vd;W

fUJfpd;wJ.

ne;j mZFKiwfspd; tpupthd tpsf;fj;ijg; gpd;du; ghu;g;Bghk;.

2.2.1 xU Kd;Bdw;wkhd brad;Kiwahf bkhHp

ne;j vy;yhf; Bfhl;ghLfSk; bkhHpapd; Kd;Bdw;wkhd btsptUifBah

mikg;g[fspd; fw;wByh nUf;fpwJ vd;w mstpy; bkhHp xU tsh;r;rpr; braw;ghA;F

vd;gij xj;Jf;bfhs;fpd;wd. ne;j Kd;Bdw;wkhd btsptUif my;yJ fw;wy; g[ydwp

kw;Wk; bgsjPf cWjpg;gLif (cognitive and physical stabilization) fw;wy; my;yJ Kjpu;r;rp

(learning or maturity) ntw;wpd; Kd;Bdw;wkhd btsptUifa[ld; beUf;fkhfj;

bjhlu;g[ilaJ. rpyu; g[ydwp bgsjPfk; bkhHpapay; Mfpa jsA;fspy; elf;Fk; ne;j

mikg;g[fspd; Kd;Bdw;wkhd btsptUif my;yJ fw;wiyj; jdpahfg; ghu;f;Fk;

Bghf;iff; bfhz;oUf;fyhk;. BtW rpyu; bkhHp rhu; Kjpu;r;rpapd; Rje;jpukhd epiyia

Vw;Wf;bfhs;tjpy;iy. nUg;gpDk; vy;yhj; jsA;fSf;Fk; BghJkhd mst[ Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

jUfpw xUA;fpize;j kw;Wk; KGtJk; bjhlu;g[s;s mZFKiwiaj; bjupe;bjLj;jy;

ey;yJ.

2.2.2. bgsjPf, g[ydwp kw;Wk; bkhHprhu; Kjpu;r;rpfspd; bjhlu;g[

bgsjPf g[ydwp kw;Wk; bkhHprhu; vy;iyf;fw;fSf;F nilBa cs;s bjhlu;g[

tplg;gLtjpy;iy. Mdhy; bghUs;Bfhs;fs; BtWgLfpd;wd. gy tsu;r;rp

ml;ltizfs; epiyBgW bgw;w Ma;t[fspy; nUf;fpd;wd. bgup (Berry, 1969) kw;Wk;

byd;bgu;f; (Lenneberg, 1966) vd;gtu;fshy; tpsf;fg;gl;l tsu;r;rp ml;ltizfs;

(developmental schedules) ftdpf;fj;jf;fit. KjyhtJ Kjy; khjj;jpypUe;J K}d;whtJ

taJ tiu FHe;ijfspy; bkhHpapd; Kd;Bdw;w btsptUifia tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. bgup

BkYk; Kjy; thuj;jpypUe;J 16-tJ khjk; tiu Bgr;rpy;yh nzf;f elj;ijapd; (Non-

verbal adaptive behaviour) tsu;r;rp ml;ltiziaj; jUfpwhu;.

bgupapd; fUj;Jg;go xU khj FHe;ij xypfSf;Fg; gjpy; jUtBjhL bjhL

czu;t[ kw;Wk; mirt[ (naf;fk;) Bghd;w J]z;ly;fSf;Fk; jhapd; FuYf;Fk; g[wtag;

g[z;rpupg;igf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. mGFuy;fs; nirikapy; (pitch) khWfpd;w gpupj;jha

naYk; tiffisf; bfhz;oUf;fpwJ. nUkhj FHe;ij Bgr;Rf;Fuy;fisf;

ftdpf;fpd;wd. jhd; vGg;g[fpd;w xypfs; Fwpj;Jk; bjupe;J bfhz;oUf;fpd;wd.

cUthf;Ftijg; bghWj;jtiuapy; FHe;ij jd; FHwiy (Babbling) nf;fhyf;fl;lj;jpy;

bjhlA;Ffpd;wd. rpy Bgr;R xypfs; Bjhd;Wfpd;wd. FHe;ij Xir tpisahl;oy; (Vocail

play) NLgLk;. K}d;W khjf; FHe;ij R{H;epiyapy; cs;s fl;g[y kw;Wk; brtpg;g[y

J]z;ly;fis mwpe;Jf;bfhs;Sk;. FHe;ij jdJ czu;r;rpiag; bghUj;jkhd Fuyhf

btspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. nUg;gpDk; cz;ikahd Bgr;R xypfs; bgwg;gltpy;iy.

ehd;fhtJ khjj;jpy; rpy Bgr;Rr;rhuh btspaPl;L milahfr; Fwpfs; (non-

verbal)bgwg;gLfpd;wd. FHe;ij jd;id vLg;gjw;fhff; if ePl;Lfpd;wJ. xyptUk;

jpiriaf; fz;Lbfhs;s naYk;. Rg;jA;fSf;Fk; FuByhirf;Fk; (noise and voice)

bghUj;jkhd jpirapy; jiyiaj; jpUg;gpg; gjpy;tpist[ bra;a[k;. cUthf;Fjiyg;

bghWj;jtiuapy; FHe;ij FHwiyj; bjhlUk;. cUthf;fg;gl;l Tw;Wfs; ehd;F Ie;J

mirfisf; bfhz;oUf;Fk;. FHe;ij gh gh-gh – rh-rh –rh Bghd;w kPs;epfGk;

xypfspd; rA;fpypfspd; (Repetitive sound chain) cUthf;fj;jpy; bjhlu;e;J NLgLk;. mJ

jhD]f;f xyp tpisahl;oy; (self initiated sound play) NLgLk;.

FHe;ij Ie;J khjj;ij milifapy;jhd; Bfl;rpw Fubyhyp ve;j jpirapypUe;J

tUfpd;wJ vd;gij mwpe;Jbfhs;Sk; mjd; jpwd; tYtilfpwJ. FHe;ijf; gjpy;fisg;

bgWfpd;wJ. tha;tHp fUj;Jg; gupkhWk; rA;fpyp (vocal communitative chain)

epWtg;gLfpdw;J. FHe;ij Bfhgkhd Ruj;jpw;F (angry tone) mGFuyhYk; ndpikahd

Bgr;Rf;Fg; g[d;rpupg;g[ kw;Wk; g[d;dif ntw;whYk; gjpy; jUfpd;wJ. FHwy; bjhlu;e;J

elf;fpd;wJ. FHe;ij jd; rg;jA;fisg; Bghyr; bra;fpd;wJ (imitates). MW khjj;jpy;

el;ghd Bgr;Rf;Fk; Bfhgkhd Bgr;Rf;Fk; cs;s BtWghl;ilf; fz;Lbfhs;fpwJ. gy

mirfs; cs;s Tw;Wfis cw;gj;jpr; bra;fpd;wJ. FHe;ij jhd; Bfl;l xypfspd;

Bfhu;itfisj;jpwk;glf; Tw Kay;fpd;wJ. bghUs;fspd; jpiria Behf;fp Tw;Wfisf;

Tw Kofpd;wJ. FHe;ij bghUj;jkhd iriffisr; bra;a naYfpd;wJ. FHe;ij

nirBahl;l mikg;bghGA;Ffisg; (intonation patterns) gad;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. VHhtJ

khjj;jpy; FHe;ij jd;idr;Rw;wpa[s;s egu;fspd; Bgr;rpYk; jd; FLk;g mA;fj;jpdu;fspd;

Bgr;rpYk; ftdk; brYj;Jfpd;wJ. mJ jd; Fuy; Xirfisg; Bghyr; bra;tijf;

Bfl;L kfpH;fpd;wJ. jir jpUg;jpfukhd czu;r;rpfisBah jpUg;jp ny;yhj

czu;r;rpfisBah Xirbra;a naYfpd;wJ. vl;lhtJ khjj;jpy; FH;eij jd;id

mLj;J nUf;fpw R{H;epiyfspd; vy;yh J]z;ly;fSf;Fk; vr;rupf;ifiaj;

bjhlA;Ffpd;wJ. cUthf;Ftijg; bghUj;jtiuapy; gpd; capu;fs; (Back Vowels) Bgr;R

xypfisg; Bghy; Bfl;fj;bjhlA;Ffpd;wJ. FHe;ij mirfisa[k; Mr;rpupaA;fisa[k;

g[upjiya[k; Xir bra;fpd;wJ. (vocolizas) mJ nirBahl;l khw;wA;fisg; (intonational

contours) Bghyr; bra;fpd;wJ. xd;gjhtJ khjj;jpy; FHe;ij bjhlf;ff;fhy milahsr;

iriffisa[k; (rudimentary sysbolic gestures) nirBahl;l xGA;fikg;g[fisa[k; (intonations

patterns) g[upe;Jbfhs;s naYfpd;wJ. mJ vjpu;kiwfisa[k; jd; bgaiua[k;

g[upe;Jbfhs;fpd;wJ. Tw;Wfs; K}d;W my;yJ ehd;F mirfspd; rA;fpypiaf;

bfhz;oUf;Fk;. beoy; BtWgLfpd;wJ. vjpbuhypg;g[ (Echolalia) R{H;epiyapy; xypfspd;

Bghyr; bra;jy; nk;khjj;jpd; Kf;fpa gz;ghFk;. nirBahl;lj;ij efy;bra;jy;

bjhlu;fpd;wJ. Kfk; kw;Wk; if iriffs; Xir bra;tJld; bjhlUk;. gj;jhtJ

khjj;jpy; FHe;ij g[j;jfk; vA;Bf? Bghd;w Bgr;R Btz;Ljy;fSf;fhd bray;gjpy;

tpisit btspg;gLj;Jk;. mJ ‘Mkhk;’ my;yJ ‘ny;iy’ vd;gij btspg;gLj;jj;

jiyairf;Fk;. bghUl;fspd; jpUk;gepfGk; Beu;t[fisg; bgaupl;liHf;f KaYk;

Tw;Wfis cUthf;Fk;. nirBahl;l mikg;bghGA;fpd; Bghyr; bra;jy; bjhlUk;. Gy

Bgr;R xypfisj; bjspthf BtWgLj;j naYk;. KG Bgr;ry;yh xypfSk; bjhlu;e;J

epfGk;- gjpbdhd;whk; khjj;jpy; FHe;ij FLk;g mA;fA;fSf;Fk; gpwUf;Fk; nilapy;

BtWghL ghuhl;Lfpd;wJ. nk;khjj;jpy; Kjy; brhw;fspd; (first words) Bjhw;wk; epfH;tJ

rhj;jpakhFk;. xU brhy; Tw;W btspg;glj; bjhlA;FfpwJ. nit Bjitfisf; fhl;lg;

gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. FHe;ij xU taij milifapy; mJ bjhlu;fs; vspa nyf;fz

mikg;bghGA;Ffs; ntw;iwg; g[upe;Jbfhs;fpd;wd. fl;lisfSf;Fr; bra;ifahy; gjpy;

tpist[ bra;fpd;wd. FHe;ijfSf;F xU brhy; thf;fpak; kpfr; rhjhuzkhdjhFk;.

12-f;Fk; 18-f;Fk; nilg;gl;l khjA;fspypUe;J FHe;ij bkhHpfisg; g[upe;J

bfhs;fpd;wd. Mdhy; bjhlu;r;rpfisr; brhy; myFfshfg; gpupg;gjpy;iy. mJ

gHf;fkhd bghUl;fs;, egu;fs; kw;Wk; bry;yg;gpuhzpfs; ntw;wpd; bgau;fisj;

bjupe;Jf;bfhs;fpd;wd. mjd; brhw;fsq;rpaj;jpy; 50 Kjy; 70 tiu brhw;fs; nUf;Fk;.

mtw;wpy; 50 rjtpfpjk; brhw;fs; bgau;r; brhw;fshFk;. KGr; brhw;fs; xyp nul;lyhy;

cUthdit. cUthf;fiyg; bghWj;jtiuapy; FHe;ij Mr;rupag; Bgr;ir gad;gLj;jj;

bjhlA;Ffpd;wJ. FHe;ij bghUz;ik ePl;rp bra;fpd;wd. fl;Lkhdk; ikaj; jpwe;j

tFg;g[ tifahFk; (Pilot-Open-Class type). mJ gy bjhlu;gpy;yhj bghUs;fSf;F xU

brhy;iyg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. mJ mirfspd; my;yJ brhw;fspd; bjhlu;r;rpfis

vspa Kiwapy; jpUk;gf; TWfpd;wJ.

rpwpBjh my;yJ ve;jtpj xyp kjpg;Bgh ny;yhjtw;why; (rpupg;g[, btl;fk;

Bghd;wit) jJk;gp nUf;Fk;. Fuy; BtWghL jpUg;jpaha; rhjhuzkha; nUf;Fk;.

nirikf; fl;Lg;ghod;wp nUf;Fk; kw;Wk; mjpy; caUk; Bghf;F fhzg;gLk;.

24 kw;Wk; 30 khjA;fSf;F nilapy; FHe;ij gy Fwpg;gpl;l brhw;fisg;

g[upe;Jbfhs;shJ Mdhy; g[upe;Jbfhs;ifapd; brad;ik epfud;fis (Functional equivalents

as comprehension) tsu;f;fpd;wJ. Bgr;R mA;fA;fSf;Fk; md;dpau;fSf;Fk; nilapy;

BtWghL ghuhl;Lfpd;wJ.Bgr;R Btz;lYf;F (verbal requests) braw; gjpy;tpist[ (action

response) nUf;fpd;wJ. mJ rpy Btiyfspy; Btz;liyj; jpUk;gf; TWk;. BkYk;

cs;Bs kw;Wk; fPBH Bghd;w gpd;DUg[fisg; gad;gLj;jj; bjhlA;Ffpd;wJ. mJ vspa

fijfisf; Bfl;fpd;wJ. Fwpg;ghf jhd; Kd;du; Bfl;lijj; bjhlu;g[g;gLj;Jk;

fijfisf; Bfl;fpd;wJ. gjpy; tpist[fspd; bkhj;jj;jpy; bgau; brhw;fs; TLjy;

vz;zpf;if cilajha;j; bjhlu;e;J tUfpwJ. njw;F mLj;jg;goaha; tpidfs;

khw;Wg;bgau; kw;Wk; tpidailfs; tUk; gFf;fg;glhj brhw;fs; TLjyhd

vz;zpf;ifapy; bjhlu;e;J epfH;fpd;wJ. Muk;gf;fll;l 15 brhy; ruhrup ePs

thf;fpaj;jpypUe;J jw;BghJ 18 brhy; ruhrup ePs;thf;fpak; fpilf;fpd;wJ. jd; Kidg;g[

(egocentric) kw;Wk; rK}fj; jd;ikahdg; Bgr;R (socilized speech) epfGk; bghUs; ePl;rp

(meening extersion) bjhlu;fpd;wJ. FHe;ij bghUs;fisg; bgauplt[k; tpsf;ft[k;

khw;wA;fs; (transformations) gad;gLj;jg;gLtjhfj; bjupfpd;wJ. vy;yh capu;fSk;

bgau;fSk; bjspthfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. bgailfSk; tpidailfSk; Mr;rupa

xypfSf;Fg; gjpyhfr; rPuhf mjpfupf;fpd;wd. taJ te;jtu;fspd; Bgr;Rld;

xg;gpLifapy; mirfs; tplg;gLtJk; bjhlUk;.

30 kw;Wk; 36 khjA;fSf;F nilapy; thf;fpa mikg;g[ mirfspd;

Bfhu;tiffs; kw;Wk; kPf;TWfs; (prosody) ntw;wpd; g[upjy; Btfkhf tsu;fpd;wJ.

FHe;ij fiyr;brhw;fisg; g[upe;J bfhs;fpd;wJ. BkYk; glA;fspy; bray;fis

milahsk; fhz;fpd;wJ. mJ ePz;l fijfisf; Bfl;fpd;wJ. bgau;r; brhy;ypd;

vGtha; kw;Wk; brag;gLbghus; nlA;fspd; BtWghl;ilg; g[upe;Jf;bfhs;fpd;wJ. mjd;

jd; Kidg;ghd Bgr;R bjhlu;fpd;wJ. mJ jd; KGg; bgaiua[k; ju naYk;. mJ

bjhlupay; totpd; Rje;jpukhd Kd;Bdw;wj;ijr; bra;fpd;wJ. brhw;fspd; cr;rupg;gpd;

epiyapy;yhik bjhlu;fpd;wJ.

byd;bgu;f; (1966) bkhHp kw;Wk; naf;f xUA;fpizg;g[ (motor coordination)

ntw;wpd; xBu Beu Kd;Bdw;wj;ij milahsk; fhz;fpwhu;. naf;fj; jpwd;fspd;

Kd;Bdw;w Kjpu;r;rp (progressive maturation of mator abilities) nUf;fpd;wJ. ne;j

naf;fj;jpwdpd; Kd;Bdw;w Kjpu;r;rp bkhHp jpwdpd; Kjpu;r;rpa[ld;

bjhlu;g[g;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. FHe;ijapd; Kjy; ehd;F khj fhyj;jpy; bjhlf;f

xypfSk; Tty;fSk; Fuiy xypg;gjpy; mjd; bjhlf;f Kaw;rpa[k; bkhHpg; gz;ghLk;

MFk;. nf;fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; FHe;ij jiyiaj; jhBd jhA;Fjy; Bghd;w rpy naf;f

elj;ijfspd; epiyepWj;jYf;F NLgLj;jg;gLfpdw;J. MwhtJ khjj;jpypUe;J

xd;gjhtJ khjk; tiu FHe;ij FHwypYk; xypfspd; nul;LjypYk; (reduplication of

sounds) NLgLk;. ne;epiyapy; naf;f tsu;r;rpj; jsj;jpy; FHe;ij jdpahf nUf;ft[k;

bgUtpuyhy; gpof;ft[k; bra;fpwJ. 12-nypUe;J 18-tJ khjk; tiua[s;s

fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; rpy vz;zpf;ifapyhd brhw;fs; vspa fl;lisfisj; bjhlu;tJld;

FHe;ij ‘ny;iy’ vd;gjw;F gjpy; tpist[ bra;fpd;wJ. nk;Kf;fpakhd bkhHp epiyapy;

FHe;ij jpObud;W jhdhf vGe;J epw;Fk;. jtGk;. vijahtJ gpoj;Jf;bfhz;L

xUgf;fkhf elf;Fk;. ifiag; gpoj;J rpy mofs; vLj;Jk; itf;Fk;. ne;epiyapy; nU

fhy;fisg; gad;gLj;Jk; El;gj;ij mwpfpwJ. 18-nypUe;J 21 khjk; tiua[s;s

fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; FHe;ijapd; 20 brhw; FGkk; 200 brhw;fshf caUk;. FHe;ij gy

bghUl;fisr; Rl;or;fhl;Lk; vspa Bfs;tpfisg; g[upe;Jbfhs;sk;. nU brhy; bjhlu;fis

cUthf;Fk;. naf;f epiyiag; bghWj;j tiuapy; epw;Fk; epiy KGtJk;

tsu;r;rpa[w;wpUf;Fk;. eilg;ghzp bjha;t[w;wjha[k; ce;jf;Toajha[k;

tpiut[g;gLj;jf;Toajha[k; nUf;Fk;. 24-27 khjA;fspy; 300-ypUe;J 400 brhw;fshf

brhw;bwhif mika[k;. FHe;ijf;F 2-3 brhy; cs;s bjhlu;fs; tUk;. FHe;ij

gpd;DUg[fisa[k; khw;Wg; bgau;fisa[k; gad;gLj;Jk;. nt;tajpy; FHe;ij xU fhiy

Kd; itj;J vspjhf BkYk; fPGk; elf;Fk;. FHe;ij XLk;, Mdhy; jpObud

jpUk;g[k;BghJ tpGe;JtpLk;. mJ epw;wy; KHA;fhyply; my;yJ nUj;jy; vd;w epiyfspy;

xd;wpypUe;J xd;wpw;F tpiutpy; khWk; 30-33 khj fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; brhw;bwhifapd;

tpiuthd mjpfupg;igf; fhzyhk;. 3-4 brhy; thf;fpaA;fks; rhjhuzkhff;

fhzg;gLk;. brhy; tupir (word order) bjhlu; mikg;g[ kw;Wk; nyf;fz cld;ghL

(grammtical agreement) taJte;jtu;fspd; Bgr;irg; Bghy mika Muk;gpf;Fk;. if

kw;Wk; tpuy; xUA;fpizg;g[ (hand finger co-ordination) ed;whf mika[k;. 36-39 khjA;fspy;

FHe;ijfspd; brhw;bwhifapy; 1000 brhw;fs; mika[k;. FHe;ij fyitj; jd;ikahd

nyf;fz tpjpfisg; gad;gLj;jp ey;tot thf;fpaA;fis cUthf;Fk;. nUg;gpDk; rpy

tpjpfs; nd;Dk; KGtJk; fw;fg;gl Btz;Lk; nyf;fz jtWfs; mupjhf mika[k;.

FHe;ij jd;dplk; Twg;gl;ljpy; 90 tpGf;fhl;ilg; g[upe;Jbfhs;Sk; naf;f epiyiag;

bghWj;jtiuapy; FHe;ijahy; tpiuthft[k; tpiut[ Fiwe;Jk; rPuhft[k; Xl naYk;.

jpOu; jpUg;gA;fisa[k; kpfg;bgupa tist[fisa[k; rpukkpy;yhky; flf;Fk;.

xw;iwf;fhyhy; rpy tpdhofs; epw;Fk;.

byd;bgu;f; bkhHp kw;Wk; naf;f Kjpu;r;rp epiyfspd; rpy bghUj;jA;fis

K}isapy; bgwg;gl;l gf;fthl;Lf; fhaj;jpd; tpist[fSlDk; (acquired lateralized lesions)

ika miutl;lf; BfhsA;fspd; (brain hemispheres) bray;ghl;od; gf;fthl;lj;jpYk;

(lateralization of function) milahsk; fhz;fpwhu;. ika xGA;fikg;gpd; bgsjPf

tsu;r;rpapy; 60-70 tpGf;fhL FHe;ijapd; 20 khj tajpy; bgwg;gLfpd;wJ.

nf;fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; K}isapd; miutl;lf; BfhsA;fspy; gf;fthl;lhf;fg; Bghf;F

fhzg;gLtjpy;iy. nuz;L miutl;lf; BfhsA;fSf;Fk; rPuhd rkjpwd; (equipotentidity)

nUf;Fk;. 21-36 khjA;fspy; ifapd; tpUg;gj;Bju;t[ btspg;gLk;. nf;fhyf;fl;l nWjpapy;

K}isapd; nlJgf;f miutl;lf; Bfhsk; mjpfhuk; milaj; bjhlA;Fk;. nJ tiu

bkhHpiag; bghWj;jtiuapy; clypd; g[wgFjp rhu;e;j ty;yd;ik (cortical specialization)

ny;iy. 3-10 tUlA;fSf;fpilapy; ika euk;g[ xGA;F Kiwapy; TLjy; Kjpu;r;rp

braw;ghLfs; kpf bkJthf elf;Fk;. ng;BghJ bgUK}is mjpfhuk; (cerebral dominance)

epWtg;gLk;. nd;Dk; tyJ gf;f miutl;lf; Bfhsk; Bgr;Rf;Fg; gad;gLj;JtJ

bjhlu;fpd;wJ. 11-14 tUlA;fSf;F nilapy; bgUK}is mjpfhuk; epue;jukhf

epWtg;gLk;. kf;fs; bjhifapy; 95 tpGf;fhl;odUf;F bkhHp jPu;khdkhf nlJgf;fkhfg;

gf;fthl;lhf;fk; milfpd;wJ.

FHe;ijapd; tsu;r;rp tuyhw;wpy; cstpay; kw;wk; g[ydwp vy;iyf;fw;fSf;F

nilBaa[s;s bghUj;jA;fs; gy mwpqu;fis (Lenrebarg, 1964, 1966, 1967)

fUj;Jg;gupkhw;wj;jpd; kdpj toit ekJ ndj;jpw;Fj; jdpg;gl;l rhj;jpkhfr; bra;fpd;w

capupdk; rhu;e;j BgWfs; kdpjdpy; nUf;f Btz;Lk;. ne;j mu;j;jj;jpy; bkhHp

cs;shu;e;jjhFk; vd thjplr;bra;jJ. byd;bgu;f; kw;wk; gpwupd; nj;jPu;khdk; gy

mwpqu;fshy; Vw;Wf;bfhs;sg;gltpy;iy. Fwpg;ghf elj;ijapd; J]z;ly; gjpy; tpist[

(Stimulus-response (SR) Bfhl;ghl;lhsu;fshy; Vw;Wf;bfhs;sg;gltpy;iy.

2.2.3 bkhHpg;BgW braw;ghA;fpd; rpy gz;g[fs;

bkhHpg;BgR Fwpj;j Twj;jf;f cz;ik FHe;ij xU bkhHpapd; Bgiw mila

naYk; Btfk; MFk;. bkhHp xU fyitj; jd;ikahd nay; elg;g[ vdg;gLk;.

nay;ghd FHe;ij ne;j kpf;f fyitj; jd;ikahd nay;el;ig Mr;rupag;glj;jf;f

Btfj;jpy; tHf;fkhd rhjfkpy;yhj R{HypYk; mile;J tpLfpd;wJ. bkhHpg; Bgwpd;

Btfk; FHe;ij bkhHpiag; bgwj;bjhlA;Fk; rK}fg; bghUshjhuR{H;epiyfshy;

fl;Lg;gLj;jg;glhjJ. tuyhwhByh gz;ghl;lhByh FHe;ijahy; bgwg;gl;l bkhHpapd;

fyitj;jd;ikahByh fl;Lg;gLj;jg;glhjJ. bkhHpiag; bgw FHe;ijfSf;Fj;

Bjitahd fhyePl;rp Vwf;Fiwa rkkhdjhff; fz;Lbfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. xU bkhHp

FGkj;jpw;Fs; nay;ghd FHe;ij bkhHpapd; nyf;fzj;ij xBu Btfj;Jld; xBu khjpup

Fiwthd fhyfl;lj;jpw;Fs; bgw;WtpLfpd;wJ.

bkhHpg;Bgiw tpsf;f Kf;fpa nuz;L mZFKiwfs; nUf;fpd;wd:

1. KjyhtJ mZFKiw bkhHpahdJ gpw elj;ijfisg;Bghy; fw;fg;gLfpd;wJ

vd;W fUJfpd;wJ.

2. nuz;lhtJ mZFKiw bkhHp cs;shu;e;j mwpt[ mog;gilapyhdJ kw;Wk;

cz;ikahd fw;wy; R{H;epiy ny;iy my;yJ Bjit ny;iy vdyhk; vd;W

fUJfpd;wJ.

ne;j mZFKiwfspd; tpupthd tpsf;fj;ijg; gpd;du; ghu;g;Bghk;. ne;j vy;yhf;

Bfhl;ghLfSk; bkhHp Kd;Bdw;wkhd btsptUifBah fw;wByh nUf;fpwJ vd;gij

xj;Jf;bfhs;fpd;wd. ne;j Kd;Bdw;wkhd btsptUif my;yJ fw;wy;, g[ydwp kw;Wk;

bgsjPf cWjpg;gLif (cognitive and physical stabilization) fw;wy; my;yJ Kjpu;r;rp

(learning or maturity) ntw;wpd; Kd;Bdw;wkhd btsptUifa[ld; beUf;fkhfj;

bjhlu;g[ilaJ. Rpyu; g[ydwp, bgsjPfk;, bkhHpapay; Mfpa jsA;fspy; elf;Fk;

ne;j mikg;g[fspd; Kd;Bdw;wkhd btsptUif my;yJ fw;wiyj;jdpahfg; ghu;f;Fk;

Bghf;iff;bfhz;oUf;fyhk;. BtW rpyu; bkhHp rhu; Kju;r;rpapd; Rje;jpukhd

epiyia Vw;Wf;bfhs;tjpy;iy nUg;gpDk; vy;yhj; jsA;fSf;Fk; BghJkhd mst[

Kf;fpaj;Jtk; jUfpw xUA;fpize;j kw;Wk; KGtJk; bjhlu;g[s;s mZFKiwiaj;

bjupe;bjLj;jy; ey;yJ.

bgw;Bwhu;fisg; bghWj;jtiuapy; mth;fs; FHe;ijfSf;Ff; ftdkhd

NLghl;Lld; fy;tp jUtjpy;iy. FHe;ijfSf;Fk; bgw;Bwhu;fSf;Fk; nilapyhd

R{Hy; fw;wy; my;yJ fw;gpj;jYf;F mg;ghw;gl;lJ. bghJthfg; bgw;Bwhu;fs;

FHe;ijfspd; bjhlf;ff;fhyg; Bgr;rpd; totg; gz;g[f; TWfspy; cs;s jtWfis

Beu;bra;a KaYtjpy;iy. jtWfs; bgw;Bwhu;fshy; nurpf;fg;gLk;. ehk; cz;ik

kjpg;gpy; cs;s jtWfis Beu;bra;a Kay;Bthk;. ehk; FHe;ijfspd; Bgr;ir mjd;

bghUslf;fj;jhy; (content) tHp fhl;lg;gl;Lj;jhd; kW Cf;fk; bra;Bthk;. nj;Jld;

xU FHe;ij bkhHpapd; BtWgl;l khjpupfis (samples) BeupLfpd;wJ. ntw;wpy;

rpyBth gyBth nyf;fzj;jd;ik my;yJ nirt[ ny;yhky; nUf;fyhk;.

nUe;jBghjpYk; BtWgl;l bkhHpf; FLk;gA;fisr; rhu;e;j ne;j cyfpy; cs;s vy;yh

nay;ghd FHe;ijfSk; K}d;W my;yJ ehd;F Mz;Lfspy; bkhHpg;BgW

bgw;WtpLfpd;wdu;.

FHe;ij mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w Tw;Wfspd; bghUs; bjspthf

nUf;fBtz;Lk; vd;gJ bkhHpg;Bgw;Wf;fhd Kd;fl;Lg;ghL(preconditon) MFk;. taJ

te;jtu;fshy; Tw;Wfs; tHp Fwpg;gplg;gLk; bkhHpapy;yhj epfH;t[fs; brhd;dtw;Wld;

bghUj;jpg; ghu;f;fj;jf;f tpjj;jpy; vspikahdjhf nUf;fBtz;Lk;. FHe;ijaplk;

Twg;gLk; Bgr;rpd; bjhlupay; vspjhf nUf;Fk;.

ehk; FHe;ijfspd; Bgr;irf; ftdpj;jhy; Bghyr;bra;jypd; (imitaion)

gz;g[fisa[k; kdg;ghlkhff; fw;wiya[k; (memorization) fhzyhk;. nUg;gpDk;

KGtjpYk; tpisthf;fg; gz;g[jhd; (productivity) Kf;fpag;gA;fspg;g[ bra;fpd;wJ.

FHe;ijfs; bgUk;ghYk; bjhlupay; tsu;r;rpapd; Muk;gfhyj;jpy; taJf;F

te;jtu;fisg; Bghyr;bra;a[k; Kaw;rpapy; Bjhw;WtpLfpd;wd. thf;fpaA;fisa[k;

jhkhfBt jpObud;W cUthf;Ftjpy; btw;wp bgWfpd;wd. BkYk; FHe;ijfs;

TLjyhd g[jpa tHpfspy; jhA;fs;; fw;Wf;bfhz;l mikg;g[fisg; gad;gLj;j

jpwika[ilatu;fshf Mfpd;wdu;. gy Tw;Wfs; bjhlupay; epiyapy; rPuhdjhf

nUf;fyhk;. Mdhy; bghUz;ik epiyapy; g[jpjhdit. mitfs; jA;fs;

bgw;Bwhu;fshByh jhA;fshByh Twg;glhjjhf nUf;Fk;.

FHe;ijfspd; Tw;Wfs; Muk;g fl;lj;jpypUe;Bj mikg;ghf;fk;

cilajha; nUf;Fk; FHe;ijapd;. Bgr;rpy; brhw;fspd; kw;Wk; brhw;fspy; ghfA;fspy;

nizg;g[fs; Kiwg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhf nUf;Fk; ek;kpy; gyu; fw;gid bra;tJ Bghy;

xGA;fpd;wp nUf;fhJ. mik kpff; TLjyhd rPuhf nUf;Fk;. rPf;fpuj;jpy; goepiy

mikg;ghf khWk;. nUg;gpDk; nd;Dk; taJte;jtu;fspd; Bgr;irg;Bghy;

tpupthdjhf khwBtz;Lk;. FHe;ij Bgr;rpd; mikg;g[fs; tsu;r;rpapd;BghJ khWk;.

taJ te;jtu;fspd; mikg;g[ld; bghUj;jKilajha; nUf;fj; Bjitapy;iy.

cyfpYs;s vy;yhf; FHe;ijfSk; jdpr; brhy;ypypUe;J bjhlA;Ffpd;wd.

xU brhy; epiyapypUe;J nUbrhy; epiyf;Fr; bry;fpd;wd. FHe;ijfs;

bjhlf;fj;jpy; jA;fshy; Bgr naYtijf; fhl;oYk; TLjyhfg; g[upe;J

bfhs;fpd;wd vd;gJ bghJthd cz;ikahFk;. (mLj;jLj;J tUfpw epiyfspy;

kl;Lkpd;wp taJf;F te;j epiyapYk; nt;thW nUg;gJ bjhlUk;).

2.2.4. bkhHpg;BgW khjphpfs;

Kd;dh; Twpa FHe;ijapd; Bgr;R gy mwpqh;fshy; mth;fspd;

Bfhl;ghl;L mog;gilapy; tpsf;fg;gl;ld. nt;tZFKiwfis nU gue;j

tifg;ghl;od; fPH; mlf;ftpaYk;: (1) Mf;fKiw khw;wpyf;fzf; Bfhl;ghL kw;Wk;

(2) J]z;ly;-gjpytpist[f; Bfhl;ghL. nt;tpU Bfhl;ghLfs; jtpu gpw

Bfhl;ghLfSk; cs;sd.

2.2.4.1 rhk;!;fp khjphp (Chomsky model)

Mf;fKiw khw;wpyf;fzj;jhh; FHe;ij bfhz;oUf;Fk; bkhHp mDgtk;

kw;Wk; FHe;ijaplk; cs;s cs;SW bkhHpj;jpwd; (Innate Linguistic Capacity)

ntw;wpw;fpilBa cs;s Clhl;lj;jpd; tpist[ jhd; bkhHpBgW vd;W bfhs;fpd;wdh;.

vdBt mth; bkhHpg; Bgwpd; Bfhl;ghl;il tpsf;f FHe;ijapd; cs;SW jpwdpd;

tpsf;fk; mDgtj;Jld; mtw;wpd; Clhl;lk; ntw;iwj; jUtija[k; naw;ifahf

mwpt[k; bkhHpg;gad;ghLk; vt;thW tsh;fpwJ vd;gijf; fhl;Ltija[k; Behf;fkhff;

bfhs;fpwhh;. mtUila Bfhl;ghL bkhHp kpf Btfkhfg; bgwg;gLtijf; ftdj;;jpy;

bfhs;fpd;wJ; BkYk; FHe;ij ehd;F tajhFk; BghJ bkhHpg; BgW xU Kot[f;F

te;JtpLk; vd;gija[k; ftdj;jpy; bfhs;fpd;wJ. Mf;fKiw nyf;fzj;jhh; ne;j

tpiuthd bkhHpg; BgW bkhHp mUtkhf;fj;jhy; (Linguistics Abstractions)

rhj;jpakhfr; bray;gLfpd;wJ vd;W bfhs;fpd;wdh;. bkhHp mUtkhf;fy; mf

mikg;gpw;Fk; g[w mikg;gpw;Fk; nilBa cs;s cwt[fSld; Beuoj;

bjhlh;g[ilaJ. bkhHpg; Bgwpd; ne;jf; Bfhl;ghL mf mikg;iga[k; g[w

mikg;iga[k; bjhlh;g[gLj;Jk; khw;wA;fspd; (transformations) Bgiwj; jUfpwJ.

Mf;fKiw nyf;fzj;jhh; bkhHpg; Bgiw mila naYk; xU FHe;ij

gpd;tUtdtw;iwf; bfhz;oUf;Fk;:

1) cs;sPl;L FwpaPLfis cUg;gLj;jk; bra;a[k; bewpKiw,

2) nf;FwpaPLfisg;gw;wp mikg;g[rhh; jftiy cUg;gLj;jk; bra;a[k; xU tHp,

3) bkhHp mikg;igg; gw;wpa rhj;jpakhd fUJBfhs;fspd; xU tFg;gpd; rpy

bjhlf;f tiuaiw vy;iy,

4) xt;bthU thf;fpaj;ijg; bghWj;jtiuapy; nk;khjphpahd xt;bthU

fUJBfhSk; vij cWjpbra;fpd;wJ vd;gij cs;Siw bra;a[k; xU

bewpKiw.

5) (3)-My; mDkjpf;fg;gLk; kw;Wk; Kjd;ik bkhHprhh; jut[ld; niag[ila

xU fUJBfhisr; bjhpe;bjLg;gjw;fhd xU bewpKiw

Mf;fKiw nyf;fzj;jhh; cyftakhd tifg;ghLfisa[k; cwt[fisa[k; bkhHprhh;

mtUA;fshf vLj;Jf;bfhs;fpd;wdh;. nit FHe;ijf;F cs;Siwa[k; fUj;Jf;fshf

nUf;Fk;. cyftakhd Behf;Ffspd; cldoahd nUg;g[ cz;ikapy; Bgrg;gl;l

thf;fpaA;fSf;fpilapy; cs;s cwt[fisf; fz;Lgpof;f nayr;bra;fpd;wJ.

2.2.4.1 gpiudpd; bkhHpg;BgW khjphp

rhk;!;fpapd; khjphpapd; kw;bwhU jpwdha;t[ gpiudpypUe;J te;jJ; mth;

rhk;!;fpapd; khjphp fw;fg;gLfpw bkhHpiag;gw;wp cUthf;Fk; kw;Wk; ghpBrhjpf;Fk;

fUJBfhs;fspd; (formulating and testing hypothesis) jPtpukhd braw;ghA;F MFk;

vd;W fUJfpd;whh;. mjhtJ rhk;!;fpapd; khjphp cs;sPl;L jutpd; kPJ fUJBfhs;

rhh; nyf;fzA;fis (hypothetical grammar) ghpBrhjpf;ft[k; kjpg;gPL bra;at[k;

braw;ghA;iff; bfhz;oUf;fpd;wJ. FHe;ij BehpLk; rpf;fy; mjw;F Vw;fdBt

nUf;fpw jfty; mog;gilapy; mJ NLgLj;jg;gLk; bkhHpapd; rhpahd

nyf;fzj;ij fz;Lgpog;gJ jhd;. ng;goahf, vJ rhpahd thf;fpak; vJ jtwhd

thf;fpak; vd;w jftiy mZFk; rhj;jpak; nUg;gJ tiu FHe;ijahy; jhd;

nyf;if mila nayhJ. FHe;ij Bfl;Fk; cs;sPl;Lj; jfty; FHe;ij rhpahd

thf;fpaj;ijg; gpiHahd thf;fpaj;jpypUe;J BtWgLj;j nayr;bra;aBtz;o bjspthf

milahsg;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. njd;go ehk; rhk;!;fpapd; khjphpa[ld; cld;gl;lhy;

FHe;ij cs;sPl;Lj; jut[ mog;gilapy; fUJBfhs; rhh; nyf;fzA;fisg;

ghpBrhjpf;fBth kjpggPL bra;aBth nayhJ; njd;fhuzkhff; FHe;ij bkhHpg;BgW

milaj; jtwptpLk;. gpiud; nJ nt;thwy;y vd;Wk; FHe;ij mJ

NLgLj;jg;glf;Toa Fwpg;gpl;l Tw;W nyf;fzj; jd;ikahdjh my;yjh vd;w

jfty; Tl ny;yhky; FHe;ij bkhHpiaf; fw;fpd;wJ vd;Wk; fz;Lbfhs;fpwhh;.

FHe;ijia tHpg;gLj;jt[k; rhpg;gLj;jt[k; cz;ikapy; ahUk; ny;iy.

Bkw;brhd;d R{Hy; bkhHpg;Bgiw tpsf;f kw;bwhU khjphpia Kd;itf;fg;

gpiuidj; J}]z;oaJ. ne;j khjphpf;F nuz;L Kf;fpa cl;TWfs;/gFjpfs;

nUf;fpd;wd: cs;sPl;L thf;fpaA;fis thA;Fk; Ma;tp (scanner) kw;Wk; Ma;tpahy;

czug;gl;l thf;fpaA;fspd; gz;g[f;TWfisr; Brfhpf;Fk; epidtf cl;TW (memory

component). epidtf cl;TW nilg;gl;l epidtfr; Brfhpg;g[ nlA;fspd; epuyhd

thpirfisf; (series of intermediate stores) bfhz;oUf;Fk;. Brfhpg;g[ nlA;fspy;

nWjpapy; tUtJ fw;fg;gl;l tpjpfs; my;yJ mikg;bghGA;fhd gz;g[fs;

ntw;iwf; bfhz;oUf;Fk;. epue;ju epidtf nlk; jut[ jug;gLk; BghJ Ma;tp

(scanner) cs;sPl;L thf;fpaj;ij Ma[k;; thf;fpaA;fspd; mikg;bghGA;Fg;

gz;g[fisf; ftdpf;Fk;; nilg;gl;l Brfhpg;g[ nlA;fspy; Vw;fdBt gjpt[bra;ag;glhj

Kjypy; BehpLk; gz;g[fs; (properties) Kjy; nilg;gl;l Brfhpg;gplj;jpy; gjpt[

bra;ag;gLk;. Ma;tpahy; fz;lwpag;gl;l gz;g[ xd;whf nUe;jhy; kw;Wk; nilg;gl;l

epidtfj;jpy; gl;oayplg;gl;oUe;jhy; ng;gz;g[ thpirapy; mLj;j nilg;gl;l

Brfhpgplj;jpw;F efUk;. nj;jutpy; kPz;Lk; epfGk; gz;g[fs; (recurring properties) xU

nilg;gl;l Brfhpg;gplj;jpypUe;J kw;bwhU nilg;gl;l Brfhpg;gplj;jpw;F (kPz;Lk;

epfH;itg; bghWj;J) efUk;; nWjpapy; epue;ju Brfhpg;gplj;ij mila[k;. gz;g[

epue;ju Brfhpg;g[ nlj;ij mila[k; BghJ nilg;gl;l Brfhpg;gplj;jpy; mjd; gjpt[

mHpf;fg;gl;LtpLk;. Ma;tpf;F epue;ju Brfhpg;gplj;jpy; jftYld; Beuo mila[k;

tHp bjhlh;g[ nUf;Fk;. epue;ju Brfhpg;gplk; nilg;gl;l Brfhpg;gplj;jpypUe;J

bgwg;gl;l Fwpg;gpl;l jfty;fisf; bfhz;oUe;jhy; Ma;tpapd; Ma;t[r; rl;lfk;

(analytic frame) cs;sPl;Lg; bgUe;jutpd; gFjp mwpt[ mog;gilapy; cs;tU

Bfhh;itfspd; bjhlf;fepiy Ma;itr; bra;a[k;go Cf;fg;gLj;jg;gLk;.

Ma;t[ mjd; Kjy; Ma;t[g;goahfg; g[hpjy; eilKiw xGA;if (recognition

routine) cs;slf;fp nUf;Fk; (xd;wpizf;Fk;). Vw;fdBt fw;fg;gl;l kw;Wk; ePsk;

Fiwe;j Bfhh;itfspd; mikg;g[gw;wp epue;ju Brfhpg;g[ nlj;jpypUe;J Ma;tp

bfhz;oUf;fpw jfty; ePz;l Bfhh;itfspd; jdpkA;fis FGkg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;

Bfhh;itapYs;s VjhtJ khw;wk; (khw;wA;fs; (transformations) Bghd;wit) jug;gl;lhy;

mk;khjphpahd Bfhh;itapYs;s mikg;bghGA;Fg; gz;g[ Vw;fdBt fw;fg;gl;l

gz;g[fspypUe;J khWgl;litfshfg; gjpt[ bra;ag;gLk;.

nk;khjphp Kjypy; rpwpa brhw;Bfhitia (vocabulary) cUthf;ft[k; gpd;dh;

mjw;F Vw;fdBt ghprakhd jdpkA;fisf; bfhz;l ePsk; Fiwe;j Bfhh;itfspd;

mikg;ig gjpt[ bra;aj; bjhlA;ft[k; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLk; (mjdhy; ne;j rl;lfj;;jpy;

mjw;fhd trjp bra;ag;gltpy;iy). gpd;dh; ne;j khjphp ePskhd Bfhh;itfis ePsk;

Fiwe;j Bfhh;itfshf Maj;bjhlA;Fk;. ng;go nyf;fzg; Bgwpy; xw;iwr;

brhw;fSk; ePsk; Fiwe;j bjhlh;fSk; mog;gilahf mika[k;. nk;khjphp (model)

thf;fpaA;fspd; gz;g[fspd; mfd;w gug;g[ vy;iy Ma;t[ naf;f bewpf;Fs;BsBa

Beuoahf cUthf;fg;glyhk; vd;W fUJfpd;wJ. ng;gz;g[fs; fhy cwt[fs; kw;Wk;

FHe;ijapd; g[ydwp (perceptiual) kw;Wk; fUj;JU (concept) fw;wy; naf;f bewpa[ld;

bjhlh;g[ila bghUz;ikg; gz;g[fs; vd;gdtw;iw cs;slf;Fk; Ma;t[

mikg;bghGA;Fg; gz;g[fis xypadpay; rhh;e;jJ bghUz;ikapay; rhh;e;jJ vd;W

milahsg;gLj;j vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpwJ. nt;thW epiy mog;gilapy; tpjpfisf;

FGKtij cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. Ma;tp tpjpfSf;F nilBa Bra;ik Behf;fPl;Lf;

Fwpg;g[fisj; jUk;. BkYk; Ma;tp cs;sPl;L Bfhh;itfspypUe;J Beuoahf tpjpfspd;

epuiya[k; (order of rules) mikg;bghGA;F gz;g[fspd; epfH;t[fisa[k; (occurences of

pattern properties) fw;Fk;; Vw;fdBt fw;fg;gl;l gz;g[fSld; mtw;iw xg;gpLk;;

vjph;bfhs;sg;gl;l thf;fpaA;fspy; khw;wA;fs; (transformations) gA;fspg;g[ bra;a[k;

Beh;t[fspy; BghJ Vw;fdBt fw;fg;gl;l mikg;g[fspd; khWghLfis (alternations)

mtw;iw gjpt[ bra;a[k;. nt;thW rhk;!;fpapd; khjphpapd; bkhHpg;BgW fUtpahy;

(Language Acqistion Device) Btz;lg;gl;l rpwg;gpay;g[fis (characteristics)

rhk;!;fpahy; Twg;gl;l ghpBrhjid kw;Wk; kjpg;gPl;L naf;fbewp (Testing and

evaluating Machanism) khjphpahf Mf;fhkByBa tpsf;fyhk;.

2.2.4.2 !;ByrpA;fhpd; bkhHpg;BgW khjphp (Schlesinger’s Model of Acquisition)

!;ByrpA;fh; (1971) bray;jpwd; khjphp (Performance Model) vd;W miHf;f

naYk; kw;bwhU khjphpia Kd;itf;fpd;whh;. rhk;!;fpapd; khjphpahy; tpsf;fg;gl;l

Kiwg;go BgRgth; tHpaikg;g[ bra;ag;gl;lhy; mth; xU bkhHpapd; nyf;fzf;

TWfis cUthf;Fthh;. Mdhy; nJ nyf;fz thf;fpaA;fspd; cUthf;Fjypy;

cl;gLk; braw;ghA;Ffspd; Fwpg;gPLfspy; kl;Lk; mjid fl;Lg;gLj;jpf; bfhs;tJ

tiu BgRgth; cz;ikapByBa vd;d bra;fpwhh; vd;gjw;Fg; bghUj;jkhd

tpsf;fj;ijf; Tw;Wfs; kl;Lkpd;wp R{H;epiy, mth; epiy kw;Wk; nJ Bghd;w

gpwepiyfSf;Fg; bghUj;jkhd Tw;Wfis cUthf;Ffpd;whh;. BgRgtUf;F rpy

Fwpg;gpl;l tpUg;gA;fs; nUf;fpd;wJ kw;Wk; ne;j tpUg;gA;fis mth; jd; Bgr;rpy;

cUg;gLj;jk; bra;fpd;whh;. nt;thW !;ByrpA;fhpd; khjphp nt;tpUg;gA;fSf;Fj;

jUfpd;w xU nyf;fz naf;f bewpiaa[k; xd;wpizf;fpwJ. nt;nyf;fzk; vLf;Fk;

tHpfs; gpd;tUtdthFk;.

1. nyf;fz naf;f bewp (Grammar Mechanism) xU Tw;wpd; mA;fj;ij

cUthf;Ffpd;wJ. (mjhtJ BgRgth; czh;BtL nUf;fj; Bjit ny;yhj

kw;Wk; Bgr;rpy; Tw;W cUg;gLj;jk; bgWtjw;F Kd; nWjpg;goia btspg;gLj;Jk;

xU fl;likg;g[.

2. Tw;Wfis mA;fk; BgRgthpd; tpUg;gj;Jld; xg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ.

3. ne;j niz (match) rhpapy;iy vd;why; xg;gplYf;fhd jfty; mLj;jLj;j

beUf;fkhf nUg;gitfspd; (successive approximation) bjhlh;r;rpahy; xU

jpUg;gpahd Tw;iw mila gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

BgRgthpd; tpUg;gA;fs; Muk;gj;jpypUe;Bj nyf;fz bewpia tHpg;gLj;Jk;

vd;W fUjg;gLfpwJ. nUg;gpDk; ek; vy;yh tpUg;gA;fSk; ekJ Bgr;rpy;

btspg;gLj;jg;gLtjpy;iy vd;W ekJ mDgtk; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. rpy Kw;wpYk;

khw;wj;jpw;Fs;shFk;; rpy Bgr;rpy; fhzg;glBt bra;ahJ. vdBt ehk; btspaPl;L

thf;fpaa;fshf khw;wg;gLk; BgRgth;fspd; tpUg;gA;fspy; kl;Lk; fUj;ijr;

brYj;jpdhy; BghJkhdJ.

!;ByrpA;fh; btspaPl;oy; fhl;lg;gLk; BgRgthpd; tpUg;gj;jpd; Kiwahd

cUg;gLj;jj;jpw;F (formalized representation) cs;sPl;L Fwp (Input Marker: I marker)

vd;w fiyr;brhy;iyg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;whh;. nf;Fwpfs; BgRgth;fspd; tpUg;gA;fspd;

efyhf (replica) vLj;Jf;bfhs;sgg;Ltjpy;iy. BgRgth; bjhptpf;f tpUk;g[tJ brayp

(Agent) kw;Wk; Beuo bragLbghUs; (Direct Object) vd;w cwt[fshFk;;

nt;t[wt[fs;jhd; cs;sPl;L Fwpapy; (Input Marker) milf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ne;j

cs;sPl;Lf; Fwpfs; (Input Marker) cyfg;bghJ bghUz;ik cwt[fis cUg;gLj;jk;

bra;a[k;. cUg;gLj;j tpjpfspd;; (FHe;ijfs; NLgLj;jg;gLfpd;w cs;sPl;Lj; jut[

mog;gilapy;) cs;sPl;Lf; Fwpfisf; Tw;Wfshf khw;Wfpd;wJ. cz;ikahd

Tw;Wfspd; cUg;gLj;jj;jpw;F Kd;dh; xU bghUj;jkhd bjhlh; Fwpia (Phrase

Marker) kPl;Ltij Vw;wf;bfhs;Sk; rhk;!;fpapd; khjphp Bghy; ny;yhky; jw;Bghija

khjphp cs;sPl;Lf; FwpfSf;Fk; FHe;ijapd; R{H;epiyapy; cs;s egh;fspd;

Tw;WfSf;Fk; nilapy; bghUj;jj;ijf; FHe;ij fw;fpwJ vd;gij Btz;Lfpd;wJ.

FHe;ij R{H;epiyia cUg;gLj;jk; bra;a[k; cs;sPl;Lf;Fwpia mJ Bfl;Fk; Tw;Wld;

bjhlh;g[gLj;jf; fw;fpd;wJ.

FHe;ij cs;SW g[ydwpj; jpwidg; (Innate Cognitive Capacity)

bgw;wpUg;gjhff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. ne;j cs;SW g[ydwp jpwd; FHe;ij cyfj;ijg;

ghh;f;Fk; tHpahFk;; nJ FHe;ij BgRtjw;Ff; fw;whYk; rpy clYWg;g[ rhh;e;j

my;yJ R{H;epiy rhh;e;j fodj;jhy; fw;gjpy; Bjhy;tpa[w;whYk; xd;W Bghy jhd;

nUf;Fk;. nj;jpwDf;Fs; cl;gLk; fUj;JUf;fs;; MFk;. nJ Tw;wpy; fUj;JU

Bjhd;Wk; tifghl;il cWjpbra;a[k; cUg;gLj;j tpjpfshFk;.

cUg;gLj;j tpjpfs; (realization rules) nU tifgg;Lk;: nUg;gpl tpjp

(Position rule) kw;Wk; tifg;ghl;L tpjp (category rule). nUg;gpl tpjp Tw;wpy;

cs;sPl;Lf; Fwpapy; fhzg;gLk; xt;bthU fUj;JUf;Fk; xU nlj;ijj; jUfpd;wJ.

tifg;ghl;L tpjp taJf;F te;jthpd; Bgr;rpypUe;J vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfspd; mog;gilapy;

Tw;wpy; bghUj;jkhd nyf;fz tifg;ghl;il eph;zapf;fpd;wJ.

FHe;ij taJf;F te;jthpd; Bgr;rpypUe;J khw;Wk; cwt[fspy; (Modifiying

Relations) tpistpw;F vt;thW brhw;fs; xd;Wf;bfhd;W bjhlh;ghf itf;fg;gLfpd;wJ

vd;gijf; fw;fpd;wJ. tifg;ghl;L tpjp taJf;F te;jthpd; Bgr;rpypUe;J bgwg;gLk;

brhy;tFg;g[fs; mog;gilapy; mika[k;. J]z;ly; gjpy; epfud;fshf (Stimulas

Response Equivalents) brhy; tFg;g[fs; fw;fg;gLfpd;wd vd;W !;ByrpA;fh;

fUJfpd;whh;. tifg;ghl;L tpjpfspd;; bkhHpr; rpwg;g[ilaJ vd;gjhy; taJf;F

te;jthpd; Bgr;irr; rhh;e;J nUf;fpd;wJ. mit nl tpjpfspd; BgW bgw;wgpd;

bgwg;gLtjhff; fUjg;gl Btz;Lk;. bghUz;ik cs;sPl;;Lf; Fwpfshf Kjypy;

tUfpd;wJ vd;Wk; gpd;dh; vt;thW nit bkhHp totpy; cUg;gLj;jk; bgWfpwJ

vd;gijf; FHe;ij fw;fpd;wJ vd;Wk; !;ByrpA;fh; TWfpwhh;. Kothf Bkw;brhd;d

ne;j khjphpfs; xd;wpypUe;J xd;W gy tHpfspy; BtWgl;lhYk; mitfs; tpsf;f

Kaw;r;rpf;Fk; rpf;fy; xd;W jhd;. Ma;thsh; Kjd;Kjypy; FHe;ijfspd; cs;sPl;il

gz;ghf;fk; bra;at[k; Fwpg;gplt[k; Btz;Lk;. mth; cs;sPl;ilf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;

tHpfis fhzBtz;Lk;. mth; FHe;ij khw;wj;jpd; xt;bthU epiyapYk; epiyj;J

epw;ft[k; vy;Byhhpd; bghJthd FwpaPlhd taJf;F te;jthpd; toita[k;

bray;ghl;ila[k; Behf;fp Kd;Bdwt[k; cjtpg[hpa[k; mikg;g[fisa[k;

braw;ghA;Ffisa[k; fz;Lgpof;f Btz;Lk;. Ma;thsh; mikg;g[fSk;

braw;ghA;FfSk; cs;sPl;od; BtWgl;l gz;g[f; TWfshf (features) fUjg;gLtJ

vt;thW vd;gij fz;Lgpof;f Btz;Lk;. gpd;dh; Twg;gl;lJ mjd; nay;gpy;

TLjyhf mDkhdk; rhh;e;jJ; njd; fhuzkhf caphpaypy; ek;gj;jFe;j

mog;gil fhzg;gLtJ tiu tpthjj;jpw;Fhpa tp&akhFk;. nUg;gpDk; bkhHpg;BgW

Ma;tpd; Kd;Bdw;wA;fs; caphpay; rhh; Ma;tpy; g[jpa fz;Lgpog;gpw;F fhj;jpUf;fj;

Bjit ny;iy. FHe;ijapd; Bgr;ir Ma;t[ bra;a[k; Ma;thsh; bkhHpBgW

eilbgWk; R{Hy;fisf; fUj;jpy; bfhs;s Btz;Lk; FHe;ij tsh;r;rp Ma;t[fs;

FHe;ijapd; g[ydwp tsh;r;rpiag; gz;ghf;fk; bra;tjd; K}yk; nijr;

bra;jpUf;fpd;wd. ehk; FHe;ijapd; Tw;Wfis kl;Lkpd;wp FHe;ija[ld; fUj;Jg;

ghpkhw;wj;jpd; BghJ taJf;F te;jth;fs; gad;gLj;Jk; fUj;Jg; ghpkhw;wg;

ghA;Ffisa[k; ftdj;jpy; bfhs;s Btz;Lk;.

2.3. bkhHpg;Bgwpd; euk;gpay; mog;gil

bkhHpr;bray;ghL xU kpff; fyitj;jd;ikahd bray;ghlhFk;. eht[k;

cjLfSk; jpwikahd naf;fA;fisr; bra;Btz;Lk; kw;Wk; Bgr;R cw;gj;jpa[ld;

Beuoahfj; bjhlh;gpy;yhj gug;g[fis cs;slf;fpa kpf niaghd jirr; bray;ghL

nUf;fBtz;Lk;. Bgr;Rr; bray;ghil ehk; czu nayhj mst[f;F mJ Btfkhf

eilbgWfpd;wJ. Mdhy; Bgr;rhdJ xU fyitj;jd;ikahd naf;fr; bray;ghL

vd;gijf;fhl;oYk; fyitj;jd;ikahFk;. nJ bkhHp mikg;g[fspd; Bgiwa[k;

brhw;fs;, bghUl;fs; kw;Wk; fUj;JUf;fs; vd;gdtw;iwj; bjhlh;gLj;Jtija[k;

gpwtw;iwa[k; cs;slf;fpa xU fyitj;jhd;ikahd K}isrhh; bray;ghL MFk;.

bkhHpapd; BgW, Brfhpj;Jitj;jy; kw;Wk;; kPsg;bgWif vd;gd ika euk;g[

xGA;FKiwia cs;slf;Fk;.

2.3.1 ika kw;Wk; g[w xGA;FKiwfs; (Central and Peripheral Systems)

euk;g[ xGA;FKiwia ika kw;Wk; g[w xGA;FKiwfs; vd;W gphpf;fyhk;.

K}isa[k; jz;LtlKk; (Spinal Cord) ika xGA;;FKiwia cUthf;Ffpd;;;;;;;;;;;;;wJ. g[w

xGA;FKiw ika euk;g[ xGA;FKiwa[ld; clk;gpd; vy;yh gFjpfisa[k; nizf;Fk;

eug;g[ niHfshy; MdJ. g[w euk;g[ xGA;FKiwapd; euk;g[ niHfs; czh;;t[

rhh;e;jitahfBth (Sensor) naf;fk; rhh;e;jjhfBth (Motor) nUf;fyhk;. czh;;t[

rhh;e;j niHfs; btspj; J]z;lyhy; bjhlA;fg;gl;l czh;t[j;J]z;ly;fisg;

bghJthf ika euk;g[ xGA;FKiwf;Ff; flj;Jk;. g[w euk;g[fspd; naf;f niHfs;

(Motor Fibers) bghUj;jkhd jir naf;fA;fis cUthf;f clk;;;;;gpd; ghfA;fSf;F

euk;;g[j; Jog;g[fisf; (Neuro Pulses) flj;Jk;. g[w xGA;FKiwapd; gpw niHfSk;

nUf;fpd;wd. ne;j niHfs; clk;;;;;;;;gpd; cs;SWg;g[fSFr; bry;;fpd;wd. kw;Wk; neej

cs;SWg;g[fspd; bray;;ghl;ilf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;;;wd.

ika euk;g[ xGA;FKiw bgUk;ghyhd kdpj elj;ijapd; xUA;fpidg;ghFk;

(Coordination) tHpfhl;lYf;Fk; (Direction) bghWg;ghFk;. ika euk;g[ xGA;FKiw g[w

euk;g[fshy; bfhz;L tug;gl;l jfty;fis tifg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ; jftiy g[hpe;J

bfhs;fpd;wJ; kw;Wk; bghUj;jkhd braiyj; bjhlA;fyhk;.

ika euk;;g[ xGA;FKiw goepiy mikg;gpy; (Hierarchical liner)

xGA;FgLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. jz;Ltlk; bjhlf;fj; jftypd; bghUs;BfhSf;Fk;

jhdpapaA;F gpujpgypg;g[g; gjpy;fs; (Automatic Reflex Responses) Bghd;w bjhlf;fr;

bray;ghl;ow;Fk; fUj;Jilajha; nUf;fpd;wJ. ne;j goepiy mikg;gpy; K}is cah;

kl;lj;jpy; nUg;gjhff; fUjyhk;.

glk;

jz;Ltlj;jpd; Bky; K}isapy; nUf;Fk; bkLyh Mg;;yA;Bfl;lh K}r;Rrhh;e;j, nuj;j

Xl;lk; rhh;e;j, kw;Wk; brhpj;jy; rhh;e;j xGA;FKiwfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;. brhpbgy;yk;

clk;;;;;gpd; nUg;g[ kw;Wk; naf;fk; kw;Wk; jirfs; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; naf;fk; ntw;;iwg;

gw;wp jftiyg; bgWfpd;wJ. ika miutl;lf; BfhsA;fs; MHkhd gs;sA;fisf;

(Deep Convolutions) bfhz;oUf;Fk;. mit jhH;;;;;e;j bray;;ghLfisa[k; epidt[ (Memory),

czh;;t[ (Consciousness) kw;Wk; jd;;tpUg;gr; bray;ghLfs; (Voluntary Activities) ntw;iwf;

fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;. kdpj K}isapd; miutl;l BfhsA;fs; tpyA;Ffspd; K}isfspy;

fhzg;glhj TLjy; fyitj;;jd;ikiiaf; bfhz;oUf;Fk;. miutl;lf; BfhsA;fspd;

kof;fg;gl;l Bkw;;gug;g[ epa{uhdpd;;; bjhFg;g[fisf; bfhz;oUf;Fk;. ne;jj; bjhFg;g[fs;

brhpguy; fhh;blf;!; vd;W miHf;fg;gLk;.

Bgr;Rf; FHe;ijia rpe;jid Bgr;rpd; jpUk;gpg; bgWif Bghd;wtw;wpy; NLgLk;

euk;;gpd; brayl;;ghLfs; nd;Wtiu bjspthf tpsA;fg;gltpy;iy. nUg;gpDk; ek;kplk;

ne;jf; fsj;jpy; jfty;fisg; bgwt[k; Ma;t[fs; bra;at[k; gytif naf;f bewpfs;

nUf;fpd;;wd. mwptpay; mwpqh;fs; euk;g[r; brhay;ghLfspd; Ma;it tpyA;Ffisg;

gad;gLj;;jp bra;Js;sdh;. Beuoahd Ma;t[k; ghjpg;gpw;F cs;shd K}isapy;

Bkw;bfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd. ne;;j Beuoahd ghpBrhjidfspy; nUe;J Bgr;R cw;gj;jpf;Fk;

g[hpe;J bfhs;sYf;Fk; brhpguy; fhh;blf;!pd; rpy Ftpag;gLj;jg;gl;l nlA;fis

(Localized Areas) ekf;Fj; bjhpa te;jJ. ne;jg; ghpBrhjidfs; K}isapd;

bgUk;ghfj;ijg; Bgr;rpd; cw;gj;jpiaa[k; g[hpe;Jbfhs;siya[k; ghjpf;fhky; vLj;J

tplyhk; vd;W fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

Bgr;R cw;gj;jp ika euk;g[ xGA;FKiwapy; cah;;e;j epiyapypUe;J

bjhlA;Ffpd;wJ; Mdhy; Bfl;g[r; bray;ghL (Listening Process) mfr;brtpapy;

bjhlA;Ffpd;wJ. mfr;brtp Fwpfisg; (Signals) bgWfpd;wJ; ne;jf; Fwpfs; brhpguy;

fhh;blf;;;;;;;rpd; czh;;;t[ ikaA;fSf;Ff; (Sensory Centers) flj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

nk;khjphpahd Fwpfs; flj;;jgLk; BghJ rpy jfty; braw;;ghA;F rpdhg;;;r!; (Synapses)

ny; elf;Fk;. ne;jj; jfty; ika euk;g[ xGA;FKiwf;F vLj;Jr; bry;;yg;gLk;.

njw;FBky; KGikahd kw;Wk; rpf;fyhd jpUk;gg; bgWk; fz;zp (Complicated Feed Back

Loop) nUf;fpwJ; njdhy; g[w cWg;g[fspd; Bky; fl;LghL Vw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

ne;jj; jfty; bray;ghL vd;d, vt;thW, Vd; vd;w tpsf;fk; ekf;F ny;;iy.

vt;thW xypapaf;ff; Fwpg;g[fs; fhjhy; bgwg;gl;L ika euk;;g[ xGA;fikg;g[f;Ff;

flj;jg;gLfpd;;;wJ vd;;;gJ nd;Dk; nufrpakhfBt nUf;fpd;wJ. vt;thW ekJ fhJ

vt;thW Fuy; jd;ikia (Loudness) mwpfpd;wJ, vt;thW fyitj;jd;iiahd xypfis

RuA;fspd; TWfshf (Component Tones) Ma;;;;;;fpd;wJ Bghd;;wit gw;wp ekf;Fj; bjhpahJ.

jw;Bghij ghh;it xyp miyfspd; epfH;btz;fis Ma[k; mfr; brtpapd; jpwDf;F

Kf;fpaj;Jtk; jUfpd;wJ.

fw;fg;gl;l elj;ijiaj; jf;fitg;gjw;F euk;g[ mog;gil (neural basis) gw;wp

nUtifahd mgpg;gpuhaA;fs; nUf;fpd;wd. naf;fg; ghh;itapy; (dynamic view) fw;wy;

R{Hy; bghUj;jkhd euk;;g[ Rw;Wfspy; (Neural Circuits) bjhlh;fpd;w kpd; bray;ghl;ow;F

(continuing electrical Activity) bfhz;L bry;;;fpd;wJ. epidt[ (memory) ne;jr; Rw;Wfspy;

bjhlh;;r;rpahd kpd; bray;;ghl;od; jf;fitg;g[ld; bjhlh;g[ilaJ. mikg;g[g;ghh;itapy;

(Structural View) fw;wy; R{Hy; euk;g[ xGA;FKiwapy; VBjh ePz;lehs; nUf;Fk; bgsjpf

khw;wj;;jpw;F bfhz;L bry;fpd;wJ. euk;;;gpayhh; (neurologist) jdpg;gl;l egh;fspd; fw;wy;

jpwd;fspd; BtWghl;ow;;fhd fhuzj;ij mwpa K}isapd; caphpay; Btjpay;

bray;ghl;ilf; fz;Lbfhs;s Kay;fpd;wdh;.

2.3.2 g[yDzh;tpd; naf;ff; Bfhl;ghLk; g[yDzh;;;tpd; brtpg;g[yf; Bfhl;ghLk; (Motor

Theory of Perception and Auditory theory of Perception)

g[yDzh;itg; gw;wp nuz;L mZFKiwfs; nUf;fpd;wd: g[yDzh;;;tpd;

naf;ff; Bfhl;;;;;ghL kw;Wk; g[yDzh;;tpd; brtpg;g[yf; Bfhl;ghL. g[yDzh;tpy; naf;fr;

rydA;;fspd;; gA;fspg;g[ (Role of Motor Movements) kPjhd jw;Bghija Ma;t[, Fwpg;ghfg;

Bgr;Rg; g[ydwpt[ gw;wpa Ma;t[, xU FHe;;ij jd;Dila naf;f vjph; bray;fspd; (Motor

Reactions) thapyhf xypj; bjhlh;r;rpfisf; (Sound Sequences) Bfl;fpd;wJ. nUg;gpDk;

ne;jg; g[yDzh;t[ naf;ff;;;;; Bfhl;ghL xypapaf;fr; bray;ghLfspd; (Acoustic Events)

Kf;fpaj;;;Jtj;;ij kWf;ftpy;iy; Mdhy; bkhHpapd; g[hpjy; gad;ghl;oy; (Comprehensive

–Use) naf;fk; rhh;e;j jpUk;g mwpa[k; fz;;;;;zpfSf;F (Motor Kinesthetic Feedback Loops)

Kf;fpaj;Jtk; bfhLf;fpd;wJ. g[ydwpt[f; Bfhl;ghl;ow;Fj; J]z;ly; gjpy; Vw;g[

kdj;J]z;ly;fs; (Proprioceptive Impulses) Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. mitfSf;F ePl;rp,

jirfspy; Vw;;gp, bld;lhd;fs;, K}l;Lfs; kw;Wk; fhjpd; bt!;oFyhh; mg;ghul;l!;

vd;gditfspy; K}yk; nUf;fpd;wJ. J]z;;ly; gjpy; Vow’s [ nut; gig bfhz;l czh;t[

naf;ff; fz;;;;;;;;;zpfspd; (Sensori Motor Loops) Bky; elj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ne;j czh;t[

naf;ff; fz;zpfs; bkhHpapd; g[hpjypy; gad;;;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wjhff; fz;L

bfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Bgr;rpd; Bfl;g[g; g[ydwpt[ (Auditory Perception of Speech) Ma;t[fs; Bgr;irf;

Bfl;gjpy; xU eghpd; jpwdpy; fdtdk; brYj;Jfpd;wJ. en’s Mat[spy; Ruj;jpd; (Tone)

milfshd mog;gil epfH;t[btz; (Fundamental Freqency) tPr;R (Amplitude) kw;Wk;

fhy mst[ (Duration) vd;gd Ma;tpd; mog;gilahf mikfpd;wJ; mitt Bgr;rpd;

xypahd bjhlh;r;rpfSf;F BtWgLj;;;Jk; Fwpg;g[spy; (discrimination cues) mlA;fp

nUg;gjhff; fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ. Bfl;g[g; g[ydwpt[ Ma;thsh;fs; vt;thW fhJfspd;

BtWgl;l ghfA;fSk; bul;oFyhh; (reticular), jyhk!; (thalamus) kw;Wk; fhh;blf;!;

(cortex) Bghd;w gpw xGA;FKiwfSk; Bfl;;g[g; g[ydwptpy; NLgLfpd;wJ vd;W

Ma;;;;;;;;fpd;;wdh;.

Bgr;rpd; Bfl;g[g; g[ydwpt[k; epiditr; (memory) rhh;e;J mikfpd;wJ; mjhtJ

euk;g[ xGA;FKiw mikg;bghGA;fpy; (auditory patterns) jf;fitf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Bfl;;;g[f;;;

fUtpahy; epWtg;gl;l vy;iyfSk; Bgr;;rpd; Bfl;g[g; g[ydwptpy; Mayhk;.

Bgr;rpd; Bfl;g[k; g[ydwptpd; Ma;;t[fs; xypapd; bgsjpf Behf;Ffisa[k; Bfl;;;;;;;;gpd;

clw;TW Behf;Ffisa[k; (fUtpfisa[k;) cs;slf;Fk;. en’s Ma;;t[spy; fhy mst[jhd;

vy;yh euk;;g[r; bray;fspYk; Kf;fpakhd fhuzpahff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. Bfl;g[g;

g[ydwpt[ gy fl;lA;fspy; (Several Phrser) epfH;tjhff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. Kjy; fl;lj;;;jpy;

euk;gZf;fspd; ce;Jjy; (Captivation of Neurons) epfH;fpd;wJ. nuz;lhtJ fl;lj;jpy;

miy mikg;bghGA;F (Wave Pattern) Bfl;;;;;;;;;g[f;fUtpapd; (hearing Apparatus) gy

ghfA;fspy; nizg;gpfisr; bra;fpd;wJ. K}d;whtJ fl;lj;jpy; Bfl;gpd; g[yDzh;t[

bray;ghl;od; (Perceptnd Process of Audition) nay;igr; rPh;jpUj;;j Btz;o Fwpg;gpl;l

euk;g[ Beh;t[fs; (Neural Events) epfH;fpd;wJ.

2.3.3 elj;ijapd; euk;g[ clw; Twpay; khjphpfs; (Neuro Physiological Models of

Behavior)

vy;;;yhr; rK}fA;fspYk; mwpt[ flt[shy; jug;gl;l md;gspg;g[ vd;w ek;gpf;if

nUf;fpd;wJ. vy;yhr; rK}fA;fspYk; K}isiaa[k; mwpita[k; bjhlh;;;;;g[gLj;Jk;

ek;gpf;ifa[k; nUf;fpwJ. bkhHp mwpt[ K}isapypUe;;J tUtjha;f; Twg;gl;L te;jJ

ne;;j ek;gpf;iff;Ff; fhuzkha; mikfpd;wJ. gy rK}fA;fs; kdpjdpd; elj;ijiaf;

fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjhff; fUjg;gLk; kdk;, K}is kw;Wk; gpwtw;iw nUg;g[g; bghUs;fshf

itf;fpd;wdh;. fpspdpf;fy; euk;gpayhh;fSk; (Clinical Neurologists), euk;g[ clw;;

Twpayhh;;fSk; (Neuro physiologists), euk;g[ cstpashyh;;fSk; (Neuro psychologists)

gy;BtWgl;l kdk; kw;Wk; bgsjpf bray;ghLfspd; rhpahd brhpguy; Ftpaplj;ijj;

(Cerebral Localization) fz;Lgpof;Fk; Ma;tpy; NLgLfpd;wdh;.

ek;Kila elj;;ij ekJ euk;g[ xGA;F Kiwapd; cw;gj;;jpg; bghUshFk;. ne;j

cz;ik cstpashyh;;fshy; Vw;Wf; bfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. gy cstpashyh;fs;

mth;;fspd; Bfhl;ghLfspd; mog;gilahf euk;g[ clw;TW fl;Lfisg; (Neuro

Physiological Constructs) gad;gLj;;;;;;Jfpd;wdh;. bkhHpapashyUk; njw;F tpsf;fy;y.

nUg;gpDk; tpsf;fA;fisg; ghh;f;ftpaYk; elg;g[fspd; (Observable Phenomena) kPJ

mikf;Fk; tYthd Bghf;F nUf;;fpd;wJ. njd; tpisthf clw;TW fl;Lfs;

cstpay; Bfhl;ghLfspy; tpyf;fp itf;;fg;gLfpd;wJ. g[[Sk;gPy;L bkhHpapd;

csr;rhh;ghd bghUs;Bfhz;ikf;F vjpuhd fUj;;ijf; bfhz;L elj;ij

mZFKiwia iff;bfhs;fpd;whh;. bkhHpapayhh; jA;fSila fsj;ijj; jdpahf

epWt Kad;wdh;. mth;fs; cstpay; kw;Wk; euk;gpay; fUj;Jf;fisj; js;sp

itf;;fpd;wdh;.

2.3.3.1 Y]hpahtpd; elj;;;ij khjphp (Luria’s Model of Behavior)

v.Mh;. Y]hpah Brtpaj; u&;ahitr; rhh;;;e;;j vy;;;yhfhyj;jpw;Fk; euk;;g[

clw;Twpayhh; (Neuro Physiologist) kdpj elj;;ijapd; xGA;fikg;g[ (Organization) kw;Wk;

xGA;F rPh; FiHtpd; (disorganization) g[hpe;Jf; bfhs;Siff;F mtUila Mat[ gy

fhuzA;fshy; kpf Kf;fpaj;;Jtk; tha;;;e;jjhf mtUila ghpBrjidfs; kdpjid

tptuiz bra;;;;;a[k; bkhHp Clfj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp kdpj tsj;jpy; elj;jg; bgw;wJ.

Y]hpah ek;Kila btspelj;ijapy; (Overt Behaviours) btspgLj;jg;glhj cs;SW naf;;f

bewpfis (Underlying Mechanisms) Ma;tjw;;;;;F euk;;;g[ clw;TwpaYf;F xU bewpKiwia

(Method) epWtpdhh;.

Y]hpah kdpj elj;ijapd; xGA;fikg;g[ kw;Wk; xGA;F rPh;FiHt[ vd;gjd; fyitj;

jd;ikahd naf;f bewp (Complex Mechanism of Organization and disorganization) tpsf;f

nayhJ. ghjpg;g[ braw;;;;;ghA;Ffspd; fhuzA;fs; (Causes of Affective Processes) g[wf;

fUtpapy; Bjlg;glhky; ikaf; fUtpapy; Bjlg;gl Btz;Lk; ve;;;j bjhlf;f euk;;g[

naf;fj;jpd; elg;g[k; (Phenomena of Elementary Neurodynamics) rK}f gpui$fshd (Social

Subjects) kdpj ndj;jpw;F chpa xUA;fpize;j rpwg;ghd elj;ijapd; totA;fis

(Configurations of Integrated Behavior Specific for the Human Beings) tpsf;f nayhJ.

Y]hpah vspa euk;;g[ naf;f bray;;ghLfspy; nUe;J (Simple Neuro Dynamical

Processes) cah;;;e;j braypd; rl;lA;fis (Lows of Hagher Activity) bgw Kaytpy;iy.

Bghf;fpd; naf;fj;jpd; rl;lA;fBs (Lows of Dynamics of Tendency) gpujpgypg;g[

nizg;g[fspd; fl;Lg;ghLfBsh (Conditions of Reflex Connections) kdpj elj;ijapd; kpf

rpf;fyhd tot[fspd; bjspitj; jutpy;iy. rK}f tuyhw;W tsh;;r;rpapd; braw;ghA;fpy;

cUthf;fg;gl;l elj;ijapd; Fwpg;gpl;l xGA;FKiwapd; ftdkhd tpsf;fk; jhd; cah;e;j

euk;;;g[ naf;fj;ij (Higher Neuro Dynamics) g[hpe;J bfhs;s ekf;F cjt[k;.

Y]hpah euk;g[ xGA;FKiwia tpsf;f braw;;ifg; bghUs;fSld; fw;Wf;

Fl;oj;jdkhd fUj;Jf;fs; (Naïve Concepts) kw;Wk; xg;g[ikfs; (Analogies) ntw;iwg;

g[Fj;;Jk; Bghf;ifj; jhf;Ffpd;whh;. blypBghd; xGA;;FKiw (Telephone) euk;;;;;;;g[r;

bray;ghl;od; mog;gilf; Bfhl;ghL Mff; (Basic Theory of Neruous Activity)

fUjg;gl;lJ. jdpj;jdpahd jd;dpiwthd naf;f bewpfspd; (Separate Self-sufficient

Mechanisms) bjhlh;r;rpfis epWt[k; ne;;j naf;f bewpfs; nizf;Fk; fpsh;r;rpfs;

(Connecting Excitations) kw;Wk; jsf;fl;Lfs; (Inhibitions) ntw;wpd; cjtpa[ld;

xGA;FgLj;jg;gl;oUg;gjhff; fUjg;gl;lJ.

Bkw;brhd;d ghh;;itapy;, KGeuk;g[f; fUtpa[k; (Whole Neruos Apparatus)

jdpj;jd;ikdahd jdp epa{uhd;fisf; bfhz;oUg;gjhff; fUjg;gl;lJ. epa{uhd;fis

nizf;Fk; mtw;wpd; nizg;ghd;fspd; (Conduits) ikakhf kl;Lk; K}is fUjg;gl;lJ.

en’s fUj;;ij Vw;Wf; bfhs;tJ jdpahd epa{uhd;fSf;Fg; bghUe;Jk; rl;lA;fspy;

elj;ijapd; rl;lA;fs; fz;Lbfhs;sg;gl Btz;Lk; vd;W mh;j;jk; jUk;. elj;ij euk;g[

xGA;FKiwapd; jdpf;;;;;fUtpfSf;F nilBa cs;s eLepiyapd; (Equilibrium)

jf;fitf;fg;ghf Beha; rhh; epiyikfs; (Pathological Conditions) en’s eLepiyapd;

rPh;Fiythfj;jhd; vLf;fg;gl Btz;Lk;. nt;;tifsapyhd xg;g[ik

fw;Wf;Fl;oj;jdkhjdkhd vLBfhs;fSf;Ff; (Naïve Postulations) bfhz;L bry;;Yk;.

nJ fpsh;r;rp kw;Wk; jilf;fl;L (In Hibition) ntw;wpd; bjhlf;fr; braw;ghA;Ffs;jhd;

mog;gilahdJ vd;Wk; vy;yh euk;g[ bry;fspYk; fhzg;gLk; vd;Wk; KG caphpdk;

KGtJk; bfhz;L bry;;;yg;gLk; vd;Wk; xUtiu vLBfhs; bra;ar; bra;a[k;. nJ xU

jug;gl;l kzpj;Jspapy; euk;;g[ xGA;FKiwapd; rpy Fwpg;gpl;l bry;fs;jhd; fpsh;;;r;rpapd;

epiyapy;; nUf;Fk;; gpw ke;j epiyapy; (State of Inertness) nUf;Fk; vd;W xUtiu ek;gr;

bra;a[k;. gpw bry;fs; jilf;fl;L epiyapy; (Inhibitory) nUf;Fk;.

Y]hpah fpsh;r;rp kw;Wk; jilf;fl;L ntw;wpd; brw;ghA;Ffs; bjhlf;fr;

braw;ghA;FfshFk; vd;Wk; nit jdpahd euk;;g[j; jhahbuLg;gpy; (Isolated Nerre

Preparation) epfH;fpd;wJ vd;Wk; fUJfpwhh;. kdpj elj;ijapd; xGA;fikg;g[ kw;Wk;

xGA;F rPh;FiHt[ ntw;wpd; vy;yh tot[fisa[k; bjhlf;fj;jilf;fl;L (Elementary

Inhibition) kw;Wk; fpsh;r;rp ntw;;wpd; mog;gilapy; btspg;gLj;j naYkh vd;W Y]hpah

Bfl;fpd;whh;. mth; en’s fUj;jhf;fk; KG elg;g[f;Fk; (Whole Phenomena) bghUj;jkhf

(rhpahf) ePl;rpailatpy;iy vd;Wf; fUJfpwhh;. elj;ijiaj; jdp xGA;FKiwfspd;

eLepiyikahf (Equilibrium) tpsf;f nayhJ. ve;;j naf;f bewpfspd; Beha[k;

bghJthd khw;wA;fis tpistpf;fpd;wJ; en’s khw;;wA;fis mf elj;ijapd;; kpfr;

rpf;fyhd brad;;;ik (Complicated Functional) xd;Wf; bfhd;whdjhf g[hpe;Jf;

bfhs;;;;;;;sg;glyhk;. rpf;fyhd kdpj elj;ijapd; gz;g[rhh; naf;f bewpfspd;

(Characteristic Mechanism) g[hpjYf;Fj; Bjitg;gLk; fUj;jhf;fA;fs; (Conceptions) ehk;

elj;;ijapd; KG xGA;fikg;ig mtw;wpd; mikg;g[ kw;Wk; naf;fj;Jld; (Structure and

Dynamics) vLj;Jf;bfhs;s Btz;Lk; vd;W Btz;Lfpd;wJ. xGA;fikg;g[ (Organization)

xGA;FKiwfspd; bray;ghl;L xg;;;gpLifia (Correlation) Btz;Lfpd;wJ; Vbdd;;why;

en’s xGA;FKiwapy; vBjl;irahf xd;WBrh;f;fg;gltpy;iy; khwhf kpf jpl;ltl;lkhd

gFjpfspd; xUA;fpize;;;;;j brad;;ik mikg;ghf (Integrated Functional Structure) xd;W

Brh;;;f;fg;gl;Ls;sd. gFjpfs; brad;ik mog;gilapy; xU Bghd;wit. rpy Fwpg;gpl;l

mikkg;g[ Kiwfs; fl;Lg;gLj;;jt[k; (Governing) Kiwg;gLj;;jt[k; (Resulting)

mike;jpUf;fpd;wJ; gpw xd;W kw;bwhd;;;;;wpd; brad;ikf;fhf Jizg[hpat[k; rhpbra;at[k;

(Supporting and Exacting) mike;jpUf;fpd;wJ.

Y]hpah kdpj elj;ij, epiyikfs; (Conditions), rl;lA;fs; (Laws) kw;Wk;

totA;fs; (Formulations) vd;gdtw;wpd; xGA;fikg;g[k; rPh; Fiyt[k; cs-caphpaypd;

(Psycho-Biology) kpf Kf;;fpa rpf;fy;;fs; MFk; vd;W fUJfpd;whh;. elj;ijapd;

xGA;fikg;gpy; rpy

bghJthd rl;lA;fs; bray;gLfpd;wd. en’s bghJthd rl;lA;fs; rpy Kf;fpa

fl;lhaA;fspd; (Vital – Forces) rha;itg; (Indignation) bghUj;J mikfpd;wJ. tajhd

kdpjhpd; elj;ijapy;; (Adult Human Behaviours) fhzg;bgWk; xGA;fikg;g[ Xust[f;F

rpf;;fyhd kw;Wk; ePz;l tsh;r;rpapd; (Kd;;Bdw;wj;;;;;;jpd;) tpisthFk; (Product) en’s

tsh;;r;rpahdJ mJ g[jpa fl;lA;fspd; (New Stages) vspa cUg;gLj;jA;fshf (Simple

Representation) khWk; tHpapy; my;yhky; bjhlf;ff; fhy rl;lA;fis (Primitive Lass) fPH;

mlf;Fk; tifapy; Kd;dh;; tUfpd;wJ. tsh;r;rpg; ghh;itBa ehk; vLj;Jf; bfhz;L

kdpj nay;gpd; bray;ghl;od; g[hpjiy (Understanding of the Activity of Human Personality)

milayhk;. en’s tsh;r;rp, elj;ijapd; bjhlf;ff; fhy tot[fis (Primitive Forms) rhp

bra;at[k; g[jpa kw;Wk; kpf Kiwahd xGA;fikg;g[f;F (New and Systematized

Organization) mtw;iw khw;wt[k; (Transfer) bra;a tpUk;g[k; g[jpa xGA;FgLj;Jk;

xGA;FKiwfis (New Regulating Systems) cs;slf;;;Fk;. ne;;j tsh;r;rpapy; taJ

tHpfhl;Lk; gA;fspg;;;igr; bra;atpy;;iy. elj;;;ijapd; xGA;fikg;;;;;;gpd; bjhlf;ff;; fhy

tot[fs; (Primitive Forms) Jizfhh;ofy; (Sub-Cortical) bray;ghlhfp gz;;ghf;fk;

bra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. en’s bray;ghL cah;e;j tsh;r;rpapd; braw;ghA;fhf khw;wg;gLfpd;;wJ.

g[jpa xGA;FgLj;;jg;gl;l xGA;FKiwfspd; tsh;;r;rpf;Fk; bjhlf;ff;;; fhy Jiz –

fhh;ofy; bray;;ghl;ow;Fk; nilapy; Bkhjy; nUf;fpd;wJ. en’s Bghuhl;lk;

xGA;fikg;gpd; g[jpa totA;;;;;fis cUthf;Ffpd;wJ. caph; fhh;ofy; naf;f bewp

(Cordical Mechanism) g[jpa xGA;;fikg;gpd; cUthf;fj;;;;jpy; Kf;fpakhd gA;fspg;g[

bra;fpd;wJ. en’s gA;fspg;gpd; fhuzkhf xGA;FgLj;Jk; xGA;FKiwfspy;

(Regulating Systems) caph; fhh;ofy; naf;fbewp (Higher Cortical Mechanism)

cl;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

FHe;;ijfspd; tsh;;r;rp gy bray;ghA;Ffis cs;slf;FfpwJ. Kjyhtjhf

xGA;FgLj;jy;fspd; bghJ tsh;r;;rp nUf;fpd;wJ; nJ czh;t[ rhh;e;j jpwikfspd;

bjhlf;ff;;; fhy Behf;FfSld; bjhlA;FfpwJ. cah; cstpay; naf;;;;;;f bewpfspd;

tsh;r;rp fhuzkhf elj;ijapd; fl;Lg;ghl;od; kpf rpf;fyhd tot[fs; bgwg;gLfpwJ.

nk;khjphpahd rhjid rpf;fyhd caph;;;;;rhh; naf;f bewpa[lDk; xGA;fikg;gpd; g[jpa

tot[fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; cah; gz;ghl;L xGA;FKiwfSlDk; bjhlA;Ffpd;wJ.

Kdpjtpd naf;fr; brad;ikfspd; (Motor Functions of the Human Being) Ma;t[f;F

nuz;L bghJ FGf;fspd; mZFKiwfs; nUf;fpd;wd. Kjy; FG naf;fr;;;;;ryd

xUA;fpizg;gpd; tsh;r;rp (Development of Motor Movement Coordination), naf;f tot

tpjpfs; (Motor Formulaic) kw;Wk; euk;g[ xGA;FKiwapd; Fwpg;gpl;l Beha;fshy; tpise;;;j

mtw;wpd; rpijt[fs; ntw;iw Ma;;;fpd;wdh;. ne;;j Ma;;;;;t[ cstpay; braw;;ghA;fhf

(Psychological Process) naf;fr; brad;ik (Motor Function) kPJ ftdf;Ftpg;g[

bra;;;;;fpd;wJ. nJ bjhe;juit cs;Siw bra;a[k; milahsA;fis kiwf;f naYk;.

nuz;lhtJ FGtpy; kdpj ndj;jpd; naf;fr; bray;;ghL rpf;fy;fy; tha;e;j cstpay;

kw;Wk; clw;Twpapay; braw;ghA;Ffis Ma[k; xBu tHpahFk;. naf;fj;jpd; mikg;g[

cldoahd ghh;itapypUe;J kiwf;fg;gLk; rpy Fwpg;gpl;l khw;wA;fspd; gpupgypg;;ghf

Mag;gLfpd;wJ. nt;tifapyhd Ma;;itj;;;;;; bjhlUk; Ma;thsh;fSf;F nJ cstpay;;

khw;wA;fSld; bjhlh;g[gLj;jg;gLtJtiu Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. nk;khjphpahd mZFKiw

Ma;it TLjy;;; rpf;fy; tha;e;jjhfr; bra;;;fpd;wJ; nUg;gpDk; nJ Ke;;jpaij tpl

vy;iyaw;w epiyapy; TLjy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;;;e;jJ. Kf;fpakhd rpf;fy;, caph;rhh;

rpwg;g[f;TWfspypUe;J (Organic Peculiarities) tpisa[k; naf;f khw;wA;fspypUe;J cstpay;

bry;thf;fpd; tpist[fshd naf;f khw;wA;fis BtWgLj;JtjhFk;. Y]hpahtpd;

mZFKiw nuz;lhtJ FGt[ld; TLjy; beUf;fkhfj;; bjhlh;g[ilaJ. mth; naf;f

bray;fspy; (Motor Activities) kpff; FiwthfBt Mh;tk; fhl;odhh;.

Y]hpah ek;ik elj;ijapd; Ma;tpy; jd;dpr;;irahd naf;fA;fis (naf;fr;

rydA;fis) Maf;; TWfpwhh;;. jd;dpr;irahd naf;fA;fs; xGA;fhditfshFk;.

mth; xU brad;ik xGA;FKiwahf ika kw;Wk; naf;fr; bray;ghLfspd; (Central and

Motor Activities) xd;W Brh;jYf;F Btz;o thjpLfpwhh;. ehk; xd;W Brh;;;;;;j;jy; naf;f

xGA;FKiwapy;;;;; ika khw;wk; gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ vd;W gjpt[ bra;ayhk;. nA;F

xw;Wikg;gl;l KGik ekf;F fpilf;fpd;wJ. ikag; gFjp Beuoahd Ma;tpypUe;J

kiwf;fg;gLfpd;wJ; nUg;gpDk; naf;fr; bray;;;;;;;;;ghLfis gjpt[ bra;ayhk;. ika kw;Wk;

naf;fr; bray;;;;;;gLfspd; mog;gilr; Brh;;f;ifapd; en’s bewpKiw xd;W Brh;;f;fg;gl;l

naf;f bewpKiw vd;W miHf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Y]hpah xd;W Brh;f;fg;gl;l bewpKiw tHp

euk;g[ cstpay; braw;ghA;Ffspd; (Neuro-Psychological Process) g[hpe;J bfhs;sYf;F

(Understanding) jd; Ma;itf; bfhz;L bry;fpd;whh;.

elj;ijapy; ehk; bfhz;oUg;gJ mfr; braw;ghA;Ffspd; xd;W Brh;;;ifa[k; (Union

of Internal Process) mjd; tpist[ btspg;;ghLk; MFk;. xd;W Brh;e;j bewpKiwapy;

ekf;F Kf;fpakhff; fpilg;gJ xd;WgLj;jg;gl;l bray;gLk; mikg;igj; (Unified Acting

Structure) jUk; Cf;fr; Brh;;f;if (Active Union) MFk;. xd;WgLj;jg;gl;l bray;gLk;

mikg;g[ bjsptw;w kw;Wk; btspg;ghh;itapy; NLgLj;jg;gLk; (Externally Observed)

Bfhs;fisf; (Symptoms) bfhz;oUf;Fk;. xU gf;fj;jpy; bjhlA;fg;gLk; khw;wA;;fs;

jtwhJ kW gf;fj;;jpy; gpujpgypf;fg;gLk;. en’s tpsf;fr; Brh;;;ifapd; (Active Union)

Mat[ kpf cah;;e;j clw;Twpay; braw;ghA;Ffspd; gz;ig Ma cjt[fpd;wJ.

Y]hpah cs;SW naf;f bewpfspd; (Underlying Mechanisms) Mat[f;F mog;gilf;

fUtpfshf (Basic items/ Tools) bkhHp Tw;Wfisg; (Linguistic Utterances) gad;gLj;jpa

cstpayhUk; euk;g[ clw;TwpayhUk; Mthh;. nth; bkhHpayFfisg;gad;gLj;jpa[k;

cs;SW naf;f bewpapd; bjspthd btspg;gLj;jiyr;; bra;Jk; cstpayhh;fSf;Fs;Sk;

kw;wth;;;fSf;Fs;Sk; jdpg;gl;l nlj;;ij tfpf;fpd;whh;. mtuJ Ma;tpd; fUtpfshf

(Tools) bkhHp myFfisg; gad;;;;;;gLj;JtJld; Y]hpah bkhHpr; bray; jpwdpd; (Language

Performance) cs;SW naf;f bewpia milahsk; fhz gy ghpBrhjidfs;

elj;jpdhh;.

bghUs; fsA;fspd; xBu FGkj;;ij Fwpf;f BtWgl;l bkhHpfspy; BtWgl;l

brhw;;;;;;;;fs; nUg;gij ehk; fhz;fpd;Bwhk;. xU bkhHp BgRk; xU egh; me;j bkhHpapy;

xU Fwpg;gpl;l nUg;ig (Definitesetig) gilf;fpd;whh;; mJ kw;bwhU bkhHpf;Fj;jht[k;

BghJ mJ jd; toit nHf;Fk;. Mdhy; btspg;gLj;jg;gl;l bghUslf;fA;fs;

(Expressed Contents) naf;F nilaPLfisg; ghpBrhjidapy; nUkpf BtWgl;l mikg;g[

xGA;F Kiwfspd; Bkhjiy Cf;Ftpj;;;;;J mk;khjphpahd bkhHp gpd;dikg;g[fspd;

(Language Settings) Bkhjiy tpistpg;gij Behf;fkhff; bfhs;;;;;fpd;whh;. mk;khjphpahd

khw;wj;jpy; tpisa[k; Bkhjy;fspd; euk;;g[ naf;fj;ij mth; Ma tpUk;;;;;;g[fpwhh;.

g[J bkhHp gpd;dikg;gpd; (New Language Setting) jpObud;w Bjhw;wk; thA;F

bray;ghl;il Fiyf;Fk; my;yJ Bkhl;lhh; xGA;;FKiwapy; xU Bkhjiy cUthf;Fk;.

thA;F Bjhy;tp (Receptory Failure) gpd;dikg;gpd; jpObud;;w khw;wk; fhuzkhFk;. R{Hy;

khWifapy; g[yDzh;;t[ fodKwyhk;; brhy; Bfl;fhky; Bghfyhk;; mJ mjd;

xypia khw;wyhk;; nitBghd;W epfHyhk;.

Y]hpah jd;Dila gpe;ija fhyj;ijr; rhh;e;j tpBfhl;!;fp Bghy; Bgr;ir

elj;ijapd; jhdpaA;F J]z;lYf;Fk; (Auto Stimulation) xGA;fikg;g[ (Organization)

gad;gLj;j naYk; vd;W g[hpe;J bfhs;fpwhh;. Bgr;R btsp cyif xGA;FgLj;jt[k;

xGA;fikf;ft[k; tHpahFk;. nJ xGA;fikf;Fk; elj;ijapd; brayp MFk;. nJ

BkYk; bray;fisj; jpl;lkpl cjt[k; braypahFk;.

2.3.3.2 yh&;Byapd; elj;ij khjphp (Lashley’s Model of Behavior)

elj;ijapd; xGA;fikg;g[ (Organization) kw;Wk; fl;Lg;ghL (Control) vd;gdtw;wpd;

g[hpjYf;F yh&;Byapd; Ma;;t[fs; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jjhFk;. yh&;By kdpj

elj;ijapd; cs;SW naf;f bewpapd; Mat[f;F bkhHpf; Tw;Wfis Kf;fpa fUtpahfg;

gad;gLj;;jtpy;iy. mth; tl;lhu fUj;JUtpd; (Localization Concept) gadpd;ikia

(Untenabluity) epU}gpf;f mWitKiwiag; (Surgery) gad;gLj;;;jpdhh;.

yh&;By vypfisa[k; FuA;Ffisa[k; jd;Dila Ma;;;t[f;Fj; Bjh;e;bjLj;jhh;.

mth; nUtHp mZFKiwiaf; (Two Liner of Approach) ifahz;lhh;. Kjy;

mZFKiw elj;ij tifahFk;. njpy; fpsh;;r;rpapd; Mat[ bra;ag;gl;lJ.

fpsh;r;rpfs; fw;wypy; gjpy; bra;iffSld; (Reactions) bjhlh;;;;;g[gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ;

mitt fw;;fg;gl;l gjpy; bra;iffis (Learned Reactions) fz;blLg;gjpy; (Elicitation)

braY]f;fk; cs;sjhFk; (Effective). yh&;By rhh;e;jpUf;Fk; gjpy; bra;iffis

(Associate Reactions) Ma;e;;jhh;. en’s mZFKiw bgWif epiyapYk; (Receptor Level)

tpist[ epiyapYk; (Effecter Level) euk;;g[r; bray;ghl;L mikg;bghGA;Ffis (Pattern of

Neruous Activity) tptuiz bra;jJ. nuz;lhtJ mZFKiw K}isapd; ghfA;fspd;

mZit rhh; rpijg;ghFk; (Surgical Destruction). yh&;By Beuoahd czh;t[ naf;F

Brh;;iffspypUe;J (Direct Sensor Motor Association) fodkhd rpf;fy;fspd; jPh;t[

tiuapyhd gue;;;;;j vy;iyapw;gLk; bray;fSf;F tpyA;Ffisg; gapw;;;;;;;;rp mspj;jhh;.

K}isapd; rpWgFjpfSk; rhh;e;;;jpUf;Fk; bjhlh;;;;;g[fSk; (Associated Links) btl;lg;glBth

vLf;fg;glBth bra;ag;gl;ld. en’s mWit bray;fspd; gjpy; tpist[ (Resultant

Effect) msf;fg;gl;lJ. ghpBrhjidfs; Kot[Wk; BghJ K}isapd; ghfA;fs;

TWgLj;jg;gl;L bjhlh;r;rpahd TWfspypUe;J rpijtpd; mst[ kPl;LUthf;fg;gl;lJ.

xU ghpBrhjidapy; FuA;Ffs; gy jhs;ghH; bgl;ofis (Latch Boxes) jpwf;f

gapw;rp mspf;fg;gl;ld. en’s gapw;rpf;Fg; gpwF mtw;wpd; naf;;;;;;;f gug;g[fs; (Motor

Areas) jw;;fhypf Cdk; (Temporary Paralysis) tpisa[khW mWj;J vLf;fg;gl;ld.

nUg;gpDk; vl;oypUe;J gdpuz;L thuA;fspy; me;j FuA;Ffs; bgl;ofisj; jpwf;Fk;

jpwid mile;jd. FuA;FfSf;F gapw;rp bgl;ofSf;F mz;ik (Access)

bfhz;oUf;ftpy;iy. Bghjpa mst[ FzKw;w BghJ mitt ve;jj; Bjly;

naf;fA;fisa[k; (exploratory) btspg;gLj;jg;;gltpy;iy. vdBt fw;wy; KG

brhpbgy;yj;jpd; Fwpg;gpll tl;lhukhf;fkhf (Specific Localization) fUjg;gl Btz;Lk;.

fhh;blf;!; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; nizg;g[fspd; gA;fspg;ig bghUj;jtiuapy;

yh&;Byapd; ghpBrhjidfs; naf;f fhh;blf;Brh (Motor Cortex) mtw;wpd;

nizg;g[fBsh fl;Llg;gLj;jg;gl;l gpujpgypg;g[ mikg;bghGA;fpd; (Conditioned Reflex

Pattern) flj;jYf;F kpf Kf;fpakhdit (jtph;;f;f nayhjd) my;y vd;W fhl;oaJ.

yh&;By vypfis Brhsj;jpy; gapw;rp mspj;jhh;; gpd;dh; fhh;blf;!; kw;Wk; cs;SWk;

ehh;fspd; (Underlying Fibers) tHpahf fj;jpahy; btl;Lfs; nl;lhh;. nJ BtWgl;l

braw;gug;g[fis (Functional Areas) nizg;g[ ePf;fk; bra;aBth btl;lBth bra;ahJ.

Fzkhdg;;;;;;gpd; vypfs; fw;w elj;ijapd; (Learned Behavior) ve;j Fwpg;gpl;l jFe;j

nHg;iga[k; fhl;ltpy;;iy. en’s fsj;;;jpy; bghJthd fUj;J (General Assumption)

vd;dbtd;why; braw;if gug;g[fs; (Association Areas) tHp czh;t[ cWg;iga[k; (Sense

Organ) naf;f fhh;blf;!;ira[k; (Motor Cortex) nizf;Fk; fl;Lg;gLj;;jg;gl;;l

gpujpgypg;g[ tHpfs; (Conciliated Reflex Paths) nUf;fpd;wd vd;gjhFk;. yh&;Byapd;

ghpBrhjidfs; naf;f gug;g[fspd; (Motor Areas) NLghl;il jtW vd epU}gpf;fpd;wJ.

BkYk; mtUila ghpBrhjidfs; euk;g[ xGA;FKiwf;Fs; ve;;j nlj;jpYk; epidt[

Rtl;il (Memory Trace) tl;lhu thf;fk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l nlj;jpw;FhpaJ, bra;a nayhJ

vd;W fhl;Lfpd;wJ. vy;iyf;Fl;gl;l nlA;fs; (Limited Regions) Kf;fpakhdJ vd;gJ

cz;ikahf nUf;fyhk;. nk;khjphpahd vy;iyf;Fl;gl;l nlk; nUe;jhYk; me;j

nlj;;jpw;Fl;gl;l ghfA;fs; brad;;ik mog;gilapy; xd;;whditahf (Functionally

Equivalent) bjhpfpd;wJ.

fhh;blf;!pd; gpuhd;ly; (Frontal), bghply; (Parietal), kw;Wk; blk;Bghuy; (Temporal)

gug;;;;;;g[fs; mtw;wpd; clw;TW bjhlh;;;g[fs; (Anatomical Relations) fhuzkhf braw;if

gug;g[fshf (Associative Areas) fUjg;gl;lJ; nitfs; czh;;;;;t[fspd; cUtA;fspd;

Brkpg;g[ nlkhf (Store Houses of Images of Sensations) fUjg;gLfpd;;;;;;wJ. yh&;By

en’s Brh;f;if nlA;fs; ve;j Fwpg;gpl;l epidt[ Brkpg;gplj;ijtpl (Specific Image

Storage) xGA;fikg;gpd; ghA;FfSld; (Modes of Organization) TLjy; fUj;JilaJ

vd;W Bahrid TWfpwhh;. BkYk; en’s gug;g[fs; fd;fhzpg;gpd; kl;lj;jpd; (Level of

Vigilance) bghJthd trjp bra;tJlBdh (Facilitation) guhkhpg;g[lBdh (Main Tenance)

fUj;Jilajhf bjhpfpd;wJ. BkYk; ntw;wpd; rpijt[ mk;dPrpahtpw;F (Amnesia)

bfhz;L bry;yhJ; fUj;;jhf;fA;fs; (Abstractions) kw;Wk; bghJikahf;fk;

(Generalization) ntw;iw cl;gLj;Jk; bray;;;;;jpwdpd; (Performance) fodA;fSf;Fj;jhd;

(Difficulties) bfhz;L bry;Yk;.

XU nlj;jpd; ghfA;fs; xBu Bghd;w jpwikiaf; bfhz;oUg;gjhy;;, me;j

nlj;;jpy; xU Beh;tpd; gy;tif cUg;gLj;jk; (Representation) nUf;Fk;. fpsh;r;rpapd;

mikg;bghGA;F (Pattern of Excitation) bray;ghl;od; mikg;bghGA;fpw;;F (Pattern of

Activity) bfhz;L bry;Yk;; en’s bray;;;ghl;od; mikg;bghGA;F brad;ik gug;g[

(Functional aerea) KGtjpYk; KGtJkhf nul;LWk;; (Reduplicated) nJ jz;zPhpd;

Bkw;g[wj;jpy;; gy g[s;sp nlA;fspy; rydk; Vw;gLj;jpdhy; gut[k; miyfspd; nilaPl;L

xU mikg;bghGA;ik (Interference Pattern) cUthf;FtJ Bghd;wjhFk;. BkYk;

by&;By K}isapd; vy;yh bry;fSk; epue;jukhd bray;ghl;oy; nUf;fpd;wJ vd;W fUj

Btz;Lk; vd;W Bahrid TWfpwhh;. epidtpd; Brfhpg;g[ nlkhf xJf;fPL bra;a ve;j

bry;Yk; ny;;iy. xUth; czh;t[ rhh;e;j kw;Wk; naf;fk; rhh;e;j jdpkA;fSf;F

nilapyhd jdpj;jdpahd nizg;ghf ve;;j bray;;ghl;od;; Rtl;ila[k; Bjlf;TlhJ

vd;W thjpLfpd;whh;. elj;ijia cs;Siw bra;;a[k; euk;;;;;g[ xGA;FKiwapd; nlk;;;;; rhh;e;j

(Spatial) kw;Wk; fhyk; rhh;;e;;j (Temporal) mr;Rf;fs; ve;j bray;;ghl;od; Rtl;Lf;Fk; Tl

mog;gilahf fUj Btz;Lk;.

yh&;By b$rhy;l; cstpaYf;F gA;fs;pg;ghsUk; MjuthsUk; Mthh;. mth;

xU caph; czh;;tJ KGtJkhd mikg;bghGA;F MFk; vd;W kw;Wk; elj;ij

fl;Lg;gLjl;jg;gl;l gpujpgypg;g[fspd; bjhlh;r;rpfs; MFk; vd;W ek;g[fpwhh;.

yh&;By elj;ijapd; fhyk; rhh;e;j mikg;g[ Kiw (Organization) euk;;;;;gpaypy; kpf

mog;gilahd (Fundamental) kw;Wk; bjhe;juthd (Troublesome) rpf;;fy; vd;W

fUJfpd;whh;.

bkhHp brhpguy; fhh;blf;rpd; jdp rpwg;ghd xUikg;gl;l brad;ikfis

cUg;gLj;jk; bra;a[k;; Mdhy; fhyk; rhh;e;j xUikg;ghL (Integration) ekJ vy;;yh

elj;ijapYk; fhzg;gLk;. braw;if rA;fpyp Bfhl;;ghl;oy; (Associative Chain Theory)

rA;fpyapy; cs;s xU jdpkk; mLj;;j jdpkj;;ij fpsh;;r;rpa[w bra;a[k;. en’s

mZFKiwia bkhHpf;F gad;;gLj;jpdhy; mJ jd; moj;jsj;ij nHf;Fk;.

thf;fpaj;jpy;, brhw;;;;;;fs; tUifj;;;;;; jUk; epuy; (Order of Occurrence of Words) xU brhy;

mLj;;j brhy;Yld; bfhs;Sk; bjhlh;;;gpd; cz;ikahd epuiy cUg;gLj;jk; bra;;tjhf

xUth; vd;dyhk;. Mdhy; xU thf;fpaj;jpy; brhw;fs; mtw;wpd; cldoahd mLj;j

brhy;Yld; jhd; bjhlh;g[fs; bfhz;oUf;Fk;. Mdhy; xU thf;fpaj;jpy; brhw;fs;

mtw;wpd; cld; mLj;J tUk; brhw;fSld; kl;Lky;;;;;;yhky; J]uj;jpy; cs;s

brhw;;fSlDk; bjhlh;;g[ bfhz;oUf;Fk;.

ehk; xUth; fUj;;;jpd; btspg;;ghl;od; toit vspjpy;; khw;wyhk; vd;Wk; BtWgl;l

brhy; epuy;fis xBu rpe;;jidia btspg;gLj;j gad;gLj;jg;;glyhk;, vd;Wk;

fhz;fpBwhk;. fhyk; rhh;e;j xUikg;ghL (Temporal Integration) fUj;;jpd; bjhlf;f

xGA;fikg;gpd; cs;shh;e;jjhf (Internet) ny;iy. xU fUj;;jpd; vy;yh jdpkA;fSk;

niz fhy rhh;g[ilajhff; (Co temporal) fUjg;gl Btz;Lk;. yh&;By naf;F

myFfspd; braY]f;fj;;ij (Activation of Motor Unites) eph;;;;;;;;zapf;Fk; naf;f bewp xj;jwp

mog;gilapy; naf;F myFfspypUe;Jk; (Motor Units) rpe;jid mikg;gpypUe;Jk;

Rje;jpukhf nUf;fpd;wJ. njw;fhd rhl;rp epuypd; jtWfspYk;, vGj;jpYk;,

Bgr;rpYk; Vw;gLk; tHf;FfspYk; nila{WfspYk;; fhzyhk;. mg;go vd;why; epuy;

vt;thW tUfpd;wJ vd;w Bfs;;tp vHyhk;. yh&;By thf;fpaj;;jpd; mf my;yJ g[w

cUthf;fj;jpw;F Kd; brhy; myFfspd; KG vy;;iyg;ghLk; (Whole Range of Word Units)

gFjp Cf;fg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ my;;;yJ (Partially Activated) jahhpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

bjhlhpay; gpd;dh; bray;fspd; kPJ mit epfGkhBw gjpar; bra;;;ag;gLk;.

Kot[iu

nt;tpaypy; bkhHpg; BgW Bfhl;ghLfs; kw;Wk; fw;wy; Bfhl;ghL gw;wp tphpthfg;

ghh;j;Bjhk;. FHe;ijfs; vt;thW bkhHpg;BgW milfpd;wd vd;Wk; mjpy; mlA;Fk;

BtWgl;l goepiyfisa[k; ghh;j;Bjhk;. nA;Fj; jug;gl;Ls;s Bfhl;ghLfSk;

tpsf;fA;fSk; jkpH;f; FHe;ijfspd; bkhHpg;BgW Fwpj;j jw;Bghija Ma;t[f;F

cWJizaha; mika[k;.

nay; 3

jkpH; bkhHpr; R{Hypy; FHe;ijfspd; bkhHpg;BgW

3.1 Kd;Diu

FHe;ijfspd; bkhHpg;BgW Fwpj;j gy Ma;t[fs; cyfpd; gy bkhHpfspy;

Bkw;bfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd. nt;tha;t[fspd; mog;gilapy; btspte;Js;s jPh;khdA;fspd;,

mDkhdA;fspd; kw;Wk; Kot[fspd; mog;gilapy; gy;BtW Bfhl;ghLfs; vGe;Js;sikg;

gw;wp nuz;lhk; ghfj;jpy; ghh;j;Bjhk;. nf;Bfhl;ghLfs; bkhHpg;BgW Fwpj;j cyfg;

bghJkakhd gy fUj;Jfis vLj;Jiuf;fpd;;wd. nf;fUj;Jf;fs; cyfpy; cs;s vy;yh

bkhHpfSf;Fk; bghUe;Jk;. nUg;gpDk; jkpH;f; FGe;ijfspd; bkhHpg;BgW Fwpj;j

Ma;t[fs; kpff; Fiwt[ vd;Bw Twyhk;. nj;jifa Ma;t[ Bkw;bfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. nJ

xU Kd;Bdho Ma;thf (pilot survey) mikfpd;wJ. Bfhl;ghl;L mog;gilapy;

Twg;gl;Ls;s jPh;khdA;fisa[k; Kot[fisa[k; mDkhdA;fisa[k; jkpH;f; FHe;ijfsplk;

nUe;J bgw;w jut[fs; mog;gilapy; ghpBrhjpg;gJ nt;tpaypd; Behf;fkhFk;.

fhyA;fUjp xU Fwpg;gpl;l vy;iyf;Fl;gl;L jut[fs; Brfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

FHe;ijfsplkpUe;Jk; bgw;Bwhh;fsplkpUe;Jk; jut[fs; Brfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. fhyj;jpd;

vy;iy fhuzkhf xU Fwpg;gpl;l FHe;ijapd; tsh;r;rpapd; mog;gilapy; nA;F jut[

Brfhpf;fg;gltp;yiy. BtWgl;l taJfisf;bfhz;l FHe;ijfsplkpUe;J Mdhy; xBu

rK}fr; R{Hypy; thHe;j FHe;ijfsplkpUe;J jut[fs; Brfhpf;fg;gl;L Mag;gl;Ls;sd.

xU tajpypUe;J Ie;J taJ tiu FHe;ijfpslkpUe;J jut[fs;

Brfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. xU tajpw;F Fiwe;j FHe;ijfspd; bkhHp tsh;r;rpa[k; ftdj;jpy;

bfhs;sg;gl;L jut[fs; Brfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. FHe;ijfspd; Bgr;Rk; mjw;fhd

J]z;ly;fSk; tpist[fSk;; gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. jkpH;f; FHe;ijfspd; bkhHptsh;r;rp

gw;wp Brfhpf;fg;gl;l jut[fs; mog;gilapy; iur; Bghd;Bwhh;fspd; Bfhl;ghLfis

Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jp nt;tpay; vGjg;gl;Ls;sJ.

3.2 thh;j;ijfspd; tsh;r;rp

thh;j;ijfspd; tsh;r;rpia gw;wp iur; mth;fs; jkJ Ma;tpy; Kjy;Fwpg;g[iu

(first ference), fhl;rpf;Fwpg;g[iu (visusal referenc), iriffs;

tHf;Fwpg;g[iu (gestural referece), thbahypf;Fwpg;g[iu (vocal reference),

jw;brhy; bkhHp (idiomorphic language),

3.2.1 Kjy; Fwpg;g[iu (First reference)

kdpj bkhHpapd; Kf;fpakhd gz;g[f;TW xU bghUisg; bgahpl naYk; jpwd;

MFk;. njdhy; fUj;Jg;ghpkhw;wk; bra;ifapy; xUth; kw;wthplk; xd;iwf; Fwpg;gpl;Lf;

TwtpaYk;. FHe;ijfSf;Fk; FHe;ijfisg; guhkhpg;gth;fSf;Fk; (care givers)

nilapYs;s nk;khjphpahd bjhlf;fepiyf; fUj;Jg; ghpkhw;wk; Bgr;R vd;gijf;

fhl;oYk; fhl;rp vdyhk;. FHe;ijfs; Kd;Bdwpr; bry;Yk; tHpiaf; Fwpg;gpiu bra;a[k;

fhl;rptHp fUj;Jg;ghpkhw;wj;jpd; gy epiyfs; nUf;fpd;wd (Reich, 1986:34).

3.2.2 fhl;rpf; Fwpg;g[iu (Visual reference)

Kjy;epiy ghh;itia cl;gLj;Jk;. FHe;ij jhapd; ghh;it Behf;iff;

ftdpg;gJld; jha[k; FHe;ijapd; ghh;it Behf;iff; ftdpf;fpd;wJ. xd;gjhtJ

khjj;jpy; FHe;ij taJ te;jth; Fwpg;gpLk; mBj nlj;ij Behf;fpg; ghh;f;fpwJ.

guhkhpg;gth; Fwpg;gpLk; my;yJ ghh;f;Fk; mBj bghUisf; ftdpf;Ftpg;g[ bra;a[k;

nj;jpwd;jhd; bgahpLifapy; bgUk; gA;fspg;g[ bra;fpd;wJ. FHe;ij guhkhpg;gth; vijg;

ghh;f;fpwhh; vd;gijg; ghh;j;J mth; bgahpLk; bghUisj; bjhpe;J bfhs;fpd;wJ.

nuz;lhtJ fl;lk; bghUis Behf;fpajhFk;. 10-12 khjA;fspy; FHe;ij bghUs;fspd;

bgah;fisg; g[hpe;Jbfhs;sj; bjhlA;Ffpd;wJ. ghpBrhjidf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;l jkpH;f;

FHe;ijfspd; elj;ija[k; Bkw;brhd;d fz;Lgpog;g[fis cWjpbra;fpwJ.

3.2.3 iriffs; tHp Fwpg;g[iu (Gestural reference)

mLj;j fl;lk; Rl;of;fhl;Ltij cs;slf;Fk;. VG my;yJ vl;L taJ FHe;ij

taJ te;jth;fs; Rl;of;fhl;Lk; bghUs;fisg; ghh;f;f Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. gj;J Kjy;

gjpdhd;F taJ tiu FHe;ij Rl;of; fhl;LtJ vd;d vd;gijg; g[hpe;J bfhs;fpd;wJ.

njw;F Kd;dh; ahuhtJ vijahtJ Rl;of;fhl;Lk;BghJ FHe;ij mg;bghUisg;

ghh;f;fhky; Rl;of;fhl;Lk; tpuiyg; ghh;f;Fk;. nt;tajpw;Fg; gpd; FHe;ij

Rl;of;fhl;lg;gLk; bghUisg; ghh;f;Fk;. mBj rkaj;jpy; mJ Fwpg;g[iuf;fhfj;

jd;idr; Rl;of;fhl;Ltijr; bra;aj;bjhlA;Fk;. rpy FHe;ijfs; mtw;wpd; Ms;fhl;o

tpuiyg; gad;gLj;jhky; bghUs;fis milaKaYk; nilg;gl;l fl;lk; tHp bry;Yk;.

FHe;ij jd;idg; guhkhpg;gth; rhpahd jpirapy; ghh;f;fpwhuh vd;W ghh;f;Fk;.

my;yhtpl;lhy mJ jd;idg; guhkhpg;gth; ftdj;ij Nh;f;f VjhtJ bra;aBth kPz;Lk;

Rl;of;fhl;lBth bra;a[k;. jw;Bghija Ma;tpw;F vLj;Jf;bfhs;sg;gl;l jkpH;f;

FHe;ijfspd; elj;ija[k; nijg; gpujpgypg;gjhf mikfpwJ.

nj;bjhlf;f epiyapy; ehk; Fwpg;g[iu iriffspd; nuz;L tiffis BtWgLj;j

naYk;. xd;W mwpt[Wj;jy;;;; kw;bwhd;W Btz;Ljy;. ghpBrhjidfSf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;l

gd;dpbuz;L taJ FHe;ij, “mA;F xU bghUs; nUf;fpd;wJ” vd;W mwpt[Wj;j

Btz;Lbkd;why; mJ mij Behf;fp xU ifia ePl;Lk;. mJ xU Btz;LBfhis

tpLf;f tpUk;gpdhy; Fwpg;ghf “mij vdf;Fj; jh” vdf; Tw tpUk;gpdhy; mJ jd;

nU iffisa[k; mg;bghUis Behf;fp ePl;Lk;.

nf;fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; FHe;ij gpw iriffisa[k; fw;Wf; bfhs;fpwJ.

vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf, tpl;Lr;bry;gtiu Behf;fp lhl;lh vd;W ifia mirj;Jf; fhl;lt[k;

cz;z tpUk;g[fpwJ vd;gijf; fhl;l thiaj; jpwf;ft[k; bra;fpwJ. nk;khjphpahd

iriffisr; R{Hy; mog;gilapy; vLj;Jf;bfhz;lhy; mtw;iwf; fUj;Jg; ghpkhw;wj;jpd;

btw;wpfukhd tHpahff; fhz naYk;. rpy FHe;ijfs; Bgrj; bjhlA;Fk; Kd; nf;fhy

fl;lj;jpy; ePz;lehl;fs; epiyj;J epw;Fk;. ghpBrhjidf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;l jkpH;f;

FHe;ijfspd; elj;ij Bkw;brhd;d ftdpg;g[fis epU}gpg;gjhf mikfpwJ.

3.2.4 thbahypf; Fwpg;g[iu (Vocal reference)

Kjy; thbahyp fUj;Jg; ghpkhw;wk; mGifahFk;. Mdhy; xU R{Hypy;

Fwpg;gpl;l bghUs;fisf; Fwpg;gpLk; tHpiaj; juhjjhy; mGif thbahyp Fwpg;g[iua[ld;

bjhlh;g[ bfhz;oUg;gjhff; fUjg;gltpy;iy. Fjiy (babbaling) ve;j naf;fr;

bray;fs; ve;j xypia tpistpf;Fk; vd;w jftiyf; FHe;ijfSf;Fj; Bjhd;wtpy;iy.

(Reich, 1986:36) Kjy;-bghUs; Behf;F xypfs; (First object-directed sounds)

FHe;ijfs; jA;fSila mUfhikiaf; fle;j bghUs;fis miltjd; (gpog;gjd;)

gFjpahf mikfpwJ. ne;j xypfs; Btz;ly; iriffisj; (request gestures)

bjhlh;e;J tUfpd;wd. vdBt mtw;iw Btz;ly; iriffisj; (request sounds) vd;W

Twyhk;. FHe;ijfs; FjiyapypUe;J (babbaling) Btz;ly; xypfSf;F khWk;BghJ

thbahypg;gjd; nay;gpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f khw;wk; epfH;tjhfj; Bjhd;WfpwJ. FHe;ijfs;

ne;epiyia mila[k;BghJ mtw;wpd; Fjiy TLjy; fyitj;jd;ik cilajhf

khWfpwJ. ne;j xypfs; ePz;l bjhlh;r;rpfis (long sequence) cs;slf;Fk;. mit

bgUk;ghYk; ve;jtpjf; TLjy; Kaw;rpa[kpd;wp cw;gj;jp bra;ag;gLfpwJ. njw;F khwhf

Btz;ly; xypfs; khjphpahff; FWfpajhft[k; vspikahdjhft[k; Kaw;rpf;fg; gl;ljhft[k;

mika[k;. jkpH;f; FHe;ijfspd; elj;ija[k; ng;bghJthd gz;g[fisg; gpujpgypg;gjhf

mikfpwJ.

KjyhtJ Fuy; Fwpg;g[iu Btz;ly; xypfspypUe;J typa[Wj;jy; xypfshf khWk;

bray;ghl;L khw;wj;jpd; tpistpypUe;J tUtjhfj; Bjhd;WfpwJ. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf,

vl;Lkhjf; FHe;ij M, ah Bghd;w xypf; Bfhh;itfis xU bghUis mila

KaYk;BghJ btspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. gjpbdhd;W khjf; FHe;ij jh vd;w xypiar;

Rl;LjYld; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. nijf; Fuy; Fwpg;g[iu vd;W Tw naYk; vd;whYk;,

nJ xU Fwpg;gpl;l bghUisf; Fwpg;g[iu bra;ag; gad;gLj;jg;glhky; bghJthff;

Fwpg;gpl gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. nJ taJte;jth;fs; nJ, mJ Bghd;w Rl;Lr;

brhw;fisg; gad;gLj;JtJ Bghy mikfpwJ.

3.2.4 jw;brhy; bkhHp (Idiomorphic language)

mLj;j fl;lk; Mh;tK}l;LtJk; Kf;fpakhdJk; MFk;. nf;fl;lj;jpy; FHe;ijfs;

BtWgl;l bghUs;fisBah bray;fisBah Fwpg;gpl BtWgl;l xypfisg; gad;gLj;jj;

bjhlA;FfpwJ. nf;fhyfl;lj;jpy;jhd; FHe;ij bkhHpiag; gad;gLj;jj; bjhlA;FfpwJ

vd;W ehk; Twyhk;. njpy; Mh;tK}l;Lk; tprak; vd;dbtd;why; nk;Kjy;bkhHpf;

FHe;ijfs; jA;fisg; guhkhpg;gth;fsplkpUe;J fw;Fk; bkhHpay;y. nJ FHe;ijfs;

jhA;fshfBt fz;Lgpof;Fk; xU bkhHpahFk;. FHe;ijfisg; guhkhpg;gth;fs; mij

mth;fsplkpUe;J fw;Wf; bfhs;fpwhh;fs;. xU tajpy; bgUk;ghyhd FHe;ijfs;

xd;wpypUe;J nUgJ jw;brhw;fis cUthf;fpf; bfhs;fpd;wd. ntw;wpd; bghUisf;

FHe;ijfisg; guhkhpg;gth;fs; fw;Wf; bfhs;fpd;wdh;. nt;thW xt;bthU FHe;ija[k;

mjd; jdpg;gl;l rpW bkhHpia cUthf;Ffpd;wd (Reich, 1986:37). jkpH;f;

FHe;ijfsplkpUe;J bgwg;bgw;w jut[fSk; jw;brhy; bkhHpia cWjp bra;fpd;wd.

jw;brhw;fspd; K}yk;

nk;khjphpahd jw;brhw;fs; gy K}yA;fspypUe;J tu naYk;. rpy xypfspd;

Kaw;rpahy; te;jpUf;fyhk;. ahah vd;gijj; ‘jhd; Rl;of; fhl;Lk; me;jg; bghUisj;

jh’ vd;W Fwpg;gpl ghpBrhjidf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;l FHe;ij gad;gLj;JtJ njw;F

vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf mika[k;. jw;brhw;fspd; nuz;lhtJ K}yk; R{Hypy; cs;s xypfisg;

Bghyr;bra;tjpypUe;J (imitation) tUfpwJ. FHe;ijfs; k; gh vd;gij khl;ilf;

Fwpg;gplt[k;. fhfh vd;gijf; fhfj;ijf; Fwpg;gplt[k;, BfhBfh vd;gijf; BfhHpiaf;

Fwpg;gplt[k; thth vd;gij ehiaf; Fwpg;gplt[k; kpah vd;gijg; g{idiaf; Fwpg;gplt[k;,

lh(k;)lh(k;) vd;gij kzpiaf; Fwpg;gplt[k; gad;gLj;jg;gLtJ njw;F vLj;Jf;

fhl;LfshFk;. jw;brhy;ypd; K}d;whtJ K}yk; jd;idg; Bghyr;bra;tjpypUe;J (self

imitation) tUfpwJ. ghpBrhjidf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;l FHe;ij tpf;fpdhy; jz;zPh;

jUthh;fs; vd;W g[hpe;J bfhz;L jz;zPh; Bjitg;gLk;bghGJ tpf;fpf;fhl;LtJ njw;F

vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf mika[k;.

3.2.5 taJ te;jth;fspd; tot[fSf;F khw;wk;

nWjpahf tsUk; FHe;ijapd; bkhHpapypUe;J jw;brhw;fs; kiwa Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

mit nay;ghd taJte;jth;fspd; tot[fshy; nlk;bgah;f;fg;gLfpwJ. nUg;gpDk;

jw;brhy; epiy taJ te;jth;fspd; tot[fspd; bjhlf;fj;Jld; BkYwy; bra;a[k; Bghf;F

fhzg;gLk;. nk;BkYwy; bra;a[k; fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; BtWgl;l khw;w elg;g[fs; nUg;gjhff;

fz;Lgpof;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. jkpH;f; FHe;ijfsplkpUe;J bgwg;gl;l jut[fSk; nij

cWjpbra;fpd;wJ.

3.2.6 Kjy; brhw;fs;

vl;L khj;jpw;f;Fk; xU tUlk; Ie;J khjj;jpw;Fk; nilapy; bgUk;ghyhd

FHe;ijfs; mtw;wpd; Kjy; brhy;iy cUthf;Ffpd;wd. vg;BghJ nJ epfH;fpwJ vd;W

TWtJ fodkhFk;. g[hpe;J bfhs;sYld; rPuhf kw;Wk; jhdhfg;

gad;gLj;jg;gLk;BghJjhd; brhy; Nl;lg;gl;ljhff; Tw naYk;. bghJthf xU tUlk;

K}d;W khjj;jpy; gj;jhtJ brhy; Nl;lg;gLtjhff; fz;Lgpof;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. jw;Bghija

bjhlf;fepiy Ma;t[ nijj; bjspthff; fhl;ltpy;iy.

brhw;wifapd; tsh;r;rp

Kjy; brhw;bwhifg; gy tHpfspy; khWfpwJ. Kf;fpakhd cz;ik

vd;dbtd;why; FHe;ij tsUk;BghJ mjdhy; g[jpa brhw;fs; bgwg;gLfpd;wd.

brhw;wifiag; g[hpag;gLk; brhw;fspd; vz;zpf;fiahYk; mstplyhk;. brhw;fs; mit

Bgrg;gLk; Kd;Bg bjspthfg; g[hpag;gLfpwJ. bkhHp tsh;r;rpapd; BghJk; gpw gpw;gl;l

gFjpapYk; g[hpag;gLk; brhw;fspd; vz;zpf;if cw;gj;jp bra;ag;gLk; vz;zpf;fiiatplj;

bjhlh;e;J TLjyhfBt nUf;Fk;. Kjy; brhy;iyg; g[hpe;J bfhs;Sjy; Kjy; brhy;iy

cUthf;Fk; fpl;ljl;l K}d;W khjj;jpw;F Kd;Bg epfGk;. ne;j nilbtsp mjpfhpf;fyhk;.

Ik;gJ brhw;fspd; g[hpe;Jbfhs;Sjy; Ik;gJ brhw;fs; cUthf;Ftjw;F Ie;J

khjA;fSf;F Kd; epfGk; (Benedicty, 1979). brhw;wifapd; tsh;r;rp kpf bkJthfj;

bjhlA;fg;gl;lhYk; (xU Beuj;jpy; xU brhy; vd;w tpfpjj;jpy;) xU tUlk; MW khjk;

Kjy; K}d;W tUlk; tiu jpOh; tsh;r;rp epfH;fpwJ. nf;fhyfl;lj;jpw;Fg; gpwF tUlj;jpw;F

IE]W brhw;fs; vd;w tpfpjj;jpy; brhw;wif mjpfhpg;gJ fz;Lgpof;fg;gl;Ls;sJ (Smith,

1926). jkpH;f; FHe;ijfsplkpUe;J jpul;lg;gl;l jut[fSk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhyfl;lj;jpw;Fg;

gpd; brhw;bwhifapd; vz;zpf;if Twj;jf;f mst[f;F tpiuthf tsh;r;rpa[Wtijf;

fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

ve;jr; brhy; Kjypy; tUfpwJ

bgUk;ghyhd FHe;ijfs; nuz;L my;yJ mjw;F Bkw;gl;l brhw;fisg;

gad;gLj;jp thf;fpaA;fis cUthf;fj; bjhlA;Ftjw;F Kd;dBu Fiwe;jJ Ik;gJ

brhw;fis cUthf;ff; fw;fpwJ vd;w Ma;t[fs; btspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. tshr;rpapd; xU

brhy; fhyfl;lk; TLjy; ePz;lJ. bgUk;ghyhd FHe;ijfs; mth;fspd; Kjy; Ik;gJ

brhw;fis xU tUlk; K}d;W khjj;jpw;Fk; nuz;L tUlj;jpw;Fk; nilapy; bgWfpd;wdh;.

nr;brhw;fisg; bgWk; fhyfl;lk; bghpJk; BtWgl;lhYk; mth;fs; bgWfpd;w brhw;fspy;

xUtpj rPuhd jd;ik fhzg;gLfpwJ. jkpH;f; FHe;ijfsplkpUe;J bgwg;gl;l

jutpypUe;J nr;brhw;fspd; bgUk;ghd;ik jhkhfBt naA;Fk; bghUs;fspd;

bgah;fshfBth FHe;ijfshy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; bghUs;fspd; bgah;fshfBth

nUf;Fk; vd;Wk; kpff; Fiwe;j msBt jh, Bgh vd;w bray; brhw;fSk; (personal-

social words) vd;d, vA;Bf vd;w bray;ghl;Lr; brhw;fSk; (functional

words) mika[k; vd;Wk; bjhpatUfpwJ. FHe;ijfs; jhA;fshfBt ifahs nayhj

Milfspd; bgah;fBsh nlA;fpspd; bgah;fBsh R{Hypy; cs;s bghUs;fspd; bgah;fBsh

(ehw;fhyp, kuk;, mLf;fis Bghd;wit) btspg;gilahfj; bjhpaj;jf;f tpjj;jpy;

ny;yhjpUf;fpd;wd.

FHe;ijfSf;Fs; ve;jr; brhy; Kjypy; tUfpwJ vd;gJ Fwpj;J TLjyhd

BtWghL nUf;fpwJ. FHe;ijfshy; bgwg;gl;l Kjy; Ik;gJ brhw;fspd; 26% Kjy;

71% tiu bghJg; bgah;fshFk;. bghJg;bgah;fis Kjypy; bgWk; FHe;ijfs;

Fwpg;g[iurhh; FHe;ijfs; (referential children) vd;Wk; gpw brhw;fisg; bgWk;

FHe;ijfs; btspg;ghL rhh; FHe;ijfs; (expressive children) vd;Wk;

miHf;fg;gLfpd;wdh; (Nelson, 1973a). Fwpg;g[iurhh; FHe;ijfs; tpUg;g[ilatuhft[k;

btspg;ghLrhh; FHe;ijfs; rKjha Clhl;lj;jpy; TLjy; bjhlh;g[ilatuhft[k;

bjhpfd;wJ. FHe;ijfs; nuz;L taij mila[k;BghJ Fwpg;g[iurhh; FHe;ijfs;

btspg;ghLrhh; FHe;ijfistpl TLjy; brhw;bwhifiaf; bfhz;oUg;ghh;fs;. nuz;L

tUlk; MW khjj;jpy; ne;j BtWghL kiwa[k;. nBj BtWghL bkhHp jhkjkhf tUk;

(language delayed) FHe;ijfSf;fpilBaa[k; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ (Weiss, etal, 1983).

FHe;ijfs; vijg;gw;wp BgRfpd;wd?

FHe;ijfisg; gw;wpa tpUk;gj;jf;f tprak; vd;dbtd;why; mth;fs; vijf;

TWthh;fs; vd;W ekf;Fj; bjhpahJ vd;whYk; nf;fhyfl;lj;jpy; mth;fs; vijf;

TWthh;fs; vd;gij mDkhdpf;Fk; mst[ nUf;fpwJ Rl;Lk; fhyfl;lj;jpw;Fg; gpd;

Behf;fp mwpaj;jf;f nuz;L mog;gilahd braY]f;fk; typa[Wj;jYk; Btz;LjYk;

MFk;. FHe;ij nf;fhyfl;lj;ij va;Jk;BghJ ehk; ne;j nUtifg;ghLfspy; gy

BtWgLk; Jiz tifg;ghLfisf; fhz naYk; typa[Wj;jy;fSf;Fs; gpd;tUtdtw;iwf;

fhzyhk;.

1. bgah; TWtjw;fhfg; bgaiuf; TWtJ

2. Kjypy; ghh;j;jt[ld; bgaiuf; TWtJ

3. Kjypy; ghh;j;jt[ld; Rl;of; fhl;LtJ

4. Kjypy; ghh;j;jt[ld; chpikiar; Rl;of;fhl;LtJ

5. cUkhw;wj;ijf; TWtJ

6. nlkhw;wj;ijf; TwtJ

Btz;Ljy;fSf;Fs; gpd;tUtdtw;iwf; fhl;lyhk;:

1. gpwh; bra;tjw;F Btz;Ljy;

2. jhBd bray;gl Btz;Ljy;

3. kWj;jy;

fPBHj; jug;gl;Ls;s vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; ghpBrhjidf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;l jkpH;f;

FHe;ijfsplkpUe;J bgwg;gl;l jftypd; mog;gilapy; mika[k;.

typa[Wj;jy;fs; vLj;Jf;fhl;L

1. bgah;f; TWtjw;fhf bgaiuf;

TWtJ:

FHe;ij: (fy;Yf;Fg; gf;fj;jpy; epd;W

bfhz;L Rl;of;fhl;o) fa;

Kjy;ftdk;: bgah; Twy;:

Rl;of;fhl;ly;:

cilik

FHe;ij (gRitg; ghh;j;J): kha; FHe;ij

(gY]idg; ghh;j;J) ga; FHe;ij

(je;ijapd; brUg;igg; ghh;j;J): mg;g

Btz;ly;fs; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs;

gpwh; bray;gl: FHe;ij mk;khitg; ghh;j;J fjitj jpwf;f Btz;oa)

:jpl

jw;fl;lis: FHe;ij: rp (gpd;dh; K}f;ifr; rpe;Jfp;d;wJ)

kWj;jy;: FHe;ij: Bdzh

gA;fspg;g[fs;

ehk; xU epfH;it mjpy; gA;fbfLf;fpw gA;bfLg;ghsh;fis itj;Jf; bfhz;L

tpsf;f naYk;. BtWgl;l gA;bfLg;ghsh;fs; BtWgl;l gA;fspg;g[fis epfH;tpy;

bra;thh;fs;. kpf mog;gilahd nuz;L gA;fspg;g[fs; brayp (agent) kw;Wk;

braYf;F cs;shf;fg;gLfpd;w ghjpf;fg;gLth; (affected);; gpw g[wtakhd gA;fspg;g[fs;

cilikahsUk; (possessor) nlKk; (location) MFk;. (Fillmore, 1968)

xU brhy; fhyfl;lj;jpy; cs;s rpy FHe;ijfs; gA;bfLg;ghsh;fs; Fwpg;g[fiur;

bra;ag;gLk; thpirKiwia tsh;j;Jf; bfhz;Ls;sjhfj; bjhpfpwJ. ghpBrhjidf;F

cs;shf;fg;gl;l jkpH;f; FHe;ijfs; brayp, my;yJ bray;, ghjpg;g[f;F cs;shFgth;,

cilikahsh;, nlk; vd xd;wd; gpd;dh; xd;W vd;w epuypy; bgahpLfpd;wd. nt;thW

nf;fhyfl;lj;jpy; FHe;ijfs; TWk; xt;bthU brhy;Yk; mjd; bray;ghl;ilf;

bfhz;oUg;gJld;, fUj;Jg; ghpkhw;wg;gl;l epfH;tpy; xU Fwpg;gpl;l gA;fspg;ig

btspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. BkYk; xt;bthU brhy;Yk; thf;fpak; Bghd;w nirBahl;l

mikg;bghGA;iff; bfhz;oUg;gjhfj; Bjhd;WfpwJ. bgUk;ghYk; nJ iriffshy;

bjhlug;gLk;. xt;bthU brhy;Yk; KG thf;fpakhft[k; mjpypUe;J xU brhy;

Twg;gl;oUg;gjhft[k; ghh;g;gtUf;Fj; Bjhd;Wk;go nJ tpisit Vw;gLj;Jk;.

nf;fhyfl;lj;jpy; brhw;fs; KG thf;fpaA;fshfg; ghh;f;fg;gLifapy; mit xUbrhy;

bjhlh;fs; vd;W miHf;fg;gLfpwJ. FHe;ijfs; nk;khjphpahd xUbrhy; bjhlh;fisf;

TWk;BghJ FHe;ijfspd; kdA;fsppy; vt;tst[ jfty; cz;ikapy; nUf;fpwJ vd;gjpy;

fUjj;jf;f Kuz;ghL nUF;fpwJ. rpyh; fyitj; jd;ikahd kiwf;fg;gl;l mikg;igf;

TWfpd;wdh;. (v.fh. Dore, 1975; Ingram, 1971). gpwh; TLjy; giHa khwh

mZFKiwiaf; (conservative approach) bfhs;fpd;wdh;. (Bloom, 1973, Jesperson,

1922). jkpH;f; FHe;ijfis mog;gilahff; bfhz;l nt;tha;t[k; Bkw;brhd;d

fz;Lgpog;g[fis epU}gpg;gjhf mikfpd;wJ.

bghUz;ik

FHe;ijfs; mtw;wpd; Kjy; brhy;iyg; bgw;wt[ld; nr;brhw;fspd;

bghUz;ikiaa[k; gad;ghl;ila[k; mBj brhy;iy taJ te;jth; gad;gLj;Jk; tHpa[ld;

xg;gpl;LG; ghh;f;Fk;BghJ TLjy; vy;iyf;Fl;gl;ljhfj; Bjhd;WfpwJ. xU brhy;iy

Kjypy; fw;Fk; FHe;ij xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhl;rpiag; ghh;f;Fk;BghJ mijf; Bfl;Fk;

mf;fhl;rpapd; vg;ghfk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lJ vd;W rhpahfj; bjhpahJ. cz;ikapy; KG

R{HYk; jpUg;gpr; bra;ag;gl;lhy;jhd; brhy;iyg; gad;gLj;j Koa[k; vd;W FHe;ijfs;

elg;gjhfj; bjhpfpwJ. bkJthff; FHe;ijfs; mr;brhy; gpw R{Hy;fspy;

gad;gLj;Jtijf; Bfl;Fk;BghJ mit mr;brhy;iyf; TLjy; tphpthfg; gad;gLj;jj;

bjhlA;Fk;.

nr;brhy;ypd; bghUz;ikapd; bjhlf;f fhy tshr;;rp kpff; FiwthfBt

ftdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; nJ Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. Vbdd;why; FHe;ijfs;

jdpr;brhw;fspd; bghUz;ikfisf; fw;f naYtBjhL kl;Lky;yhky; mit

brhw;bghUSf;F vJ Kf;fpakhdit vJ Kf;fpakpy;yhjit vd;gJ Fwpj;jg; bghJ

mDkhdA;fisa[k; fw;fpd;wd. mDkhdk; vd;gJ VjhtJ nyf;if mila

cjtpg[hpa[k; jpl;lBkh bewpKiwBah MFk;. Mdhy; nJ vg;BghJk; bray;glhJ.

bghJthff; FHe;ijfs; xd;iwf; Fwpg;gpl nlBkh epwBkh Kf;fpakhdjy;y vd;gij

kpfj; bjhlf;f epiyapByBa mwpe;J bfhs;fpd;wd. FHe;ijfs; brhw;fspd; bghUisg;

g[hpe;J bfhs;sr; brhw;fisr; R{HYld; bghUe;j KaYifapy; mit epwj;ij myl;rpak;

bra;a[k;. nJ Vd; FHe;ij epwr; brhw;fis kpfg; gpd;djhfBt g[hpe;J bfhs;fpd;wd

vd;gij tpsf;FfpwJ.

brhw;fisg; g[hpe;Jbfhs;tjpy; nj;bjhlf;fhy fl;Lg; bgl;oahd jd;ik

FiwePl;rp (under extension) vd;W miHf;fg;gLk;. Bfhl;ghl;L mog;gilapy;

FHe;ijfspd; bghUz;ik vy;iyg; gug;gpw;Fk; taJte;jthpd; bghUz;ik vy;iyg;

gug;gpw;Fk; taJte;jthpd; bghUz;ik vy;iyg; gug;gpw;Fk; VG rhj;jpakhd cwt[fs;

nUf;fpd;wd. (Reich, 1986:48-49). Fiw ePl;rpf;F vjphpilahdJ kpif ePl;rp (over

extension) MFk;. nJ epfH;ifapy; bghUz;ikapd; gug;g[ vy;iy FHe;ijfSf;F

taJ te;jth;fistplf; TLjyhd nUf;Fk;. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf, rpy FHe;ijfs; ve;jg;

bgz;iza[k; mk;kh vd;W miHF;Fk;. kw;bwhU rhj;jpak; BkYwyhFk; (overlap). njpy;

Fwpg;g{Lfspd; (referents) gug;bgy;iy rpy nlA;fspd; kpif ePl;rp cilajhft[k; gpw

nlA;fspd; FiwePl;rp cilajhft[k; nUf;Fk;. kw;bwhU rhj;jpakhd cwt[

bghUj;jkpd;ikahFk; (mismatch). njpy; xU brhy;ypd; FHe;ijapd; bghUz;ik taJ

te;jthpd; bghUz;ika[ld; BkYwy; bra;ahJ. kpf mhpjhff; fhzg;gLk; rhj;jpakhd

cwt[ xw;Wik (identity) MFk;. njpy; FHe;ijapd; brhy;ypd; bghUz;ik gug;bgy;iy

taJ te;jthpd; brhy;ypd; gug;bgy;iya[ld; rhpahfg; bghUe;Jk; bgUk;ghyhd

Ma;thsh;fs; naw;bgah;fspd; (proper names) bghUz;ik kpif ePl;rp miltjpy;iy

vd;W fz;Lbfhz;Ls;shh;fs;. xU tUlk; xU khjj;jpw;F Kd;g[Tl FHe;ijfs; kf;fs;,

bghk;ikfs; Bghd;w rpy bghUs;fisg; bghJikg;gLj;jhj naw;bgah; vLf;fty;yd

vd;W tifg;gLj;jf; fw;fpwhh;fs; vd;W BJhd;Wfpd;wJ (Ketz, et al, 1974). kw;bwhU

rhj;jpak; FHe;ij tate;jthpd; brhw;bwhifapd; gFjpahf mikahj brhw;fisf;

bfhz;oUg;gjhFk;. nit jw;brhw;fs; (idomorphs) MFk;. nWjpahd rhj;jpak;

FHe;ijapd; brhw;bwhifapd; gFjpahf tuhj brhy;iy taJ te;jth;

bfhz;oUg;gjhFk;. nJ fw;fg;glhj brhw;fshFk;.

bjhlf;ffhyg; g[hpe;Jbfhs;sypYk; cUthf;FjypYk; FiwePl;rp epakkhfj;

Bjhd;WfpwJ. nUg;gpDk; tpiutpy; cUthf;Ftjpy; brhw;fisg; gad;gLj;jy;

g[hpe;Jbfhs;tjpy; gad;gLj;JtjpypUe;J BtWgLfpwJ. FHe;ijfs; bghUs;fspd; tphpe;j

gug;igf; Fwpg;gpLifapy; brhw;fis cUthf;fj; bjhlA;FtJ, g[hpe;Jbfhs;Sk;

R{Hy;fspy; mit Vw;Wf; bfhs;tjhfj; bjhptijtplf; TLjyhf nUf;fpd;wJ (Reich,

1986:49).

FHe;ijfspd; brhy; bghUz;ik, taJte;jthpd; bghUz;ika[ld; bfhz;oUf;Fk; VG

rhj;jpakhd cwt[fs; (Reich, 1986:49).

BkYwy; bghUj;jkpd;ik

FiwePl;rp xw;Wik kpirePl;rp

jw;brhw;fs; nJtiu fw;fg;glhjit

C A

C A

C A

C A

C A

C

A

Vd; g[hpjYf;Fk; cUthf;FtjYf;Fk; nilapy; BtWghL nUf;f Btz;Lk; vd;gJ Bfs;tp

xU Kd;bkhHpt[. FHe;ijfs; mitfs; gad;gLj;Jk; brhw;fs; rhpahfg; bghUe;jtpy;iy

vd;W mwpe;jpUe;jhYk; BtW khw;WtHp ny;yhj fhuzj;jhy; mtw;iwg;

gad;gLj;Jfpd;wd. nij tYt{l;lr; rhd;Wfs; nUf;fpd;wd. rpy FHe;ijfs;

nirBahl;lj;jhy; brhy;ypd; bghUj;jkhd gad;ghl;il mjd; kpifePl;rp bra;a;gl;l

gad;ghl;oypUe;J BtWgLj;Jfpd;wd. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf, FHe;ij jd; jhahhpd;

mz;zhit khkh vd;W miHf;Fk;. mBjBghd;W cUtKs;s kw;bwhUtiua[k; khkh

vd;W miHf;Fk;.

Kjw; brhw;fspd; bghUz;ik tsh;r;rp jw;brhw;fspd; bghUz;ik tsh;r;rpiag;

Bghd;W nUg;gjhfj; Bjhd;WfpwJ. brhy; Fwpg;g[g;bghUs; (word-referent)

nf;fhyfl;lj;jpy; epiyBgWbgw;w taJte;jthpd; gad;ghl;oypUe;Jk; BtWgl;l

FHe;ijfsplkpUe;Jk; fUjj;jf;f tpjj;jpy; BtWgl;l naYk;. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf, rpy

FHe;ijfSf;F mk;kh vd;gJ vy;yh bgz;fspd; bgauhft[k; mg;gh vd;gJ vy;yh

Mz;fspd; bgauhft[k; mikfpwJ. gpw FHe;ijfSf;F mk;kh jhahiu kl;Lk;

Fwpg;gpLk;; mg;gh gpw vy;Byhiua[k; Fwpg;gpLk;.

FHe;ij TLjy; brhw;bwhifiag; bgWifapy; g[jpjhfg; bgwg;gl;l brhw;fspd;

bghUz;ikfs; Kd;dh; bgwg;gl;l brhw;fspd; bghUz;ikapd; kPJ xUtpj tpisitf;

bfhz;oUf;fpwJ. jkpH;f; FHe;ijfsplkpUe;J bgwg;gl;l jut[fs; Bkw;brhd;d

fz;Lgpog;g[fis epU}gpg;gjhfBt mikfpd;wd.

brhw;fs; vt;thW xypf;fpd;wd?

FHe;ijfspd; Kjw; brhw;fspd; bghUz;ikfs; taJ te;jth;fspd;

bghUz;ikapypUe;J bghpJk; BtWgl;L nUg;gJBghy; brhw;fis cr;rhpg;gjpy;

FHe;ijfs; taJ te;jth;fsplkpUe;J bghpJk; BtWgl;oUf;fpd;wd. FHe;ijfs; Bgr;Rf;Fj;

Bjitahd gy EZf;fkhd BtWghLfis czUk; jpwDld; gpwf;fpd;wd. FHe;ijfs;

mtw;wpd; Kjw; brhw;fis cUthf;fj; bjhlA;Fk; fhyfl;lj;jpy; mtw;wpd; Kjw;

brhw;fis cUthf;fj; bjhlA;Fk; fhyfl;lj;jpy; mtw;wpd; xypad epiy xGA;FKiwapd;

epiyik vd;d vd;gJ Bfs;tp? nf;Bfs;tpf;F K}d;w tHpfspy; tpiljUtJ gads;sjhf

mika[k;. Kjypy; nf;fhyfl;lj;jpd; Bgr;R xypfisf; Bfl;lwpjYk;, gpd;dh;

Kjw;brhw;fspd; cUthf;fypYk;, nWjpapy; FHe;ijfs; mtw;wpd; Bfl;lwpjYld;

cUthf;f naYk; jpwidg; bghUj;jg; gad;gLj;Jk; jpl;lA;fspYk; ftdk;

brYj;JBthk;.

Kjw;brhw;fspd; Bfl;ly;: Bfl;ly; ghpBrhjidf;F cs;shf;fg;gl;l FGe;ijfspd;

Bgr;RFwpj;j Ma;t[ gpd;tUk; Kf;fpaf; fz;Lgpog;g[fisj; jUfpd;wd:

1. FHe;ij xU brhy;Yf;Fs; nuz;L xypad;fis BtWgLj;Jk; jpwd;

fpilj;jt[ld;, nj;jpwidr; brhy;ypd; vy;yh nlA;fspYk; xBu rkaj;jpy;

gad;gLj;Jtjpy;iy. Fwpg;ghff; FHe;ijfs; nuz;L xypad;fis mit

bjhlf;f nlj;jpy; tUifapy; BtWgLj;j naYk; jpwidg; bgwtjw;F Kd;dBu

bgWfpd;wd.

2. FHe;ijfs; xU xypapdhy; BtWgLk; brhw;fSf;fpilBa cs;s BtWghl;ilf;

fz;Lbfhs;tjw;F Kd;dBu xd;wpw;Fk; Bkw;gl;l BtWghl;ilf; fz;Lbfhs;s

naYk;.

3. FHe;ijfs; bka;bahypfshy; kl;Lk; BtWgLk; brhw;fis fz;Lbfhs;tjw;F

Kd;dBu capbuhypfshy; kl;Lk; BtWgLk; brhw;fisf; fz;Lbfhs;fpd;wd.

4. FHe;ijfs; BtWgl;l bjhlf;f bka;bahypfs; cs;s brhw;fis BtWgLj;j

naYtjw;F Kd;dBu bjhlf;f bka;bahypfspd; cs;sikahByh

ny;yhikahByh BtWgLk; brhw;fisf; fz;Lbfhs;s naYk;.

5. Fwpg;gpl;l Kuz;fs; BtWgLk; epuypy; xU epiyahd mikg;bghGf;F

nUg;gjhfj; bjhpfpwJ.

6. FHe;ijfspd; xypadpay; Bfl;lwpjy; nuz;L Mz;Lfspy; KGik miltjhfj;

Bjhd;WfpwJ.

jkpH;f; FHe;ijfs; kPjhd jw;Bghija Ma;tpy; Bkw;brhd;d fz;Lgpog;g[fs;

ghpBrhjidf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;ld. Bkw;brhd;d Tw;Wfs; jkpH;f; FHe;ijfSf;Fk;

xust[f;Fg; bghUj;jkhf mikfpd;wJ. bkhHpg;BgW mikg;bghGA;fpy; Muk;gj;jpy;

epidj;jijtpl TLjy; jdpg;gl;lth; mog;gilapyhd BtWghLfs; nUf;fpd;wd.

Kjw;brhw;fspd; xyp:

FHe;ij Kjypy; Bgrj; bjhlA;Fk;BghJ cz;ikahf cUthf;fg;gl;l xypfspd;

tiffs; Fjiyapd; gpd;dh; tUk; fl;lA;fSld; xj;jwp mog;gilapy; FiwfpwJ. nJ

Mr;rhpag;glj;jf;ff; fz;Lgpog;gy;y. FHe;ijfshy; cUthf;f naYk; xypfspd;

vz;zpf;if xU Fwpg;gpl;l xypia nyf;fhf;fp mjhtJ xU Fwpg;gpl;l xypia

cr;rhpf;f KaYifapy; cUthf;f naYk; xypfspd; vz;zpf;ifiaf; fhl;oYk;

TLjyhFk;. vt;thW Kjw;brhw;fs; xypf;fg;gLfpwJ?

gpd;dhy; jug;gl;Ls;s ml;ltizapy; jkpH;f; FHe;ijfspd; bjhlf;fr;

brhw;fspd; cr;rhpg;g[ totA;fs; jug;gl;Ls;sd.

FHe;ij brhy; epfuhd taJ te;jth; brhy;

fa; fy;Y

r;rp Fr;rp

Myh vy

ea; ehap

mf;; mf;fh

fhf; fhf;fh

Bfha; Bfhap

Ma Mah

Kh khkh

Brha; BrhW

lk;g[ lk;sW

k;kh khL

bjhlf;ff;fhyg; Bgr;brhypfs;

FHe;ijfspd; Bgr;R Fwpj;j Ma;t[fs; FHe;ij fUtpy;Tl xypiaf; Bfl;f

naYk; vd;W fhl;Lfpd;wd. gpwe;j FHe;ijfspd; xypfSf;fhd czh;itf;

fzpg;gjw;Fg; gy cghaA;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. jw;Bghija Ma;tpy; Kd;khjphpahd

ghpBrhjidfs; tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. jkpH;f;; FHe;ijfs; vt;thW xyp vGg;gj;

bjhlA;Ffpd;wd. vt;tpjkhd xypfis vGg;g[[fpd;wd vd;gjpy; ftdf;Ftpg;g[

bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. jkpH;f; FHe;ijfSk; gpw FHe;ijfisg; BghyBt mitfshy;

vspjpy; cr;rhpf;f naYk; xypfisBa vGg;g KaYfpd;wd.

FHe;ijfs; brhw;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F Kd; Bgr;R Bghd;w xypfis vGg;g[k;

epiyiaf; fle;J bra;fpd;wd. vy;yhf; FHe;ijfisg; BghyBt ey;y MBuhf;fpakhd

jkpH; FHe;ijfSk; Bgr;R xypfis vGg;g[k; Kaw;rpia xd;wpuz;L khjA;fspByBa

bjhlA;Ffpd;wd. xUtaJ FHe;ijg; (F.n.x), k; (F x), k;, f; (F,n,x), f; (F,x), l;, j;

Bghd;w xypfis vGg;g[fpd;wd. y;, H;, r;, g;, t; vd;w caph;bka;fspd; xypg;g[

gpd;dh;jhd; Bjhd;Wfpd;wd. bgUk;ghYk; Ma;t[f;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;l FHe;ijfsplkpUe;J

bgwg;gl;l jut[fs; Bkw;brhd;d xypfisf; FHe;ijfsplkpUe;J bgwg;gl;l jut[fs;

Bkw;brhd;d xypfisf; FHe;ijfs; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; TwKaw;rpg;gijf; fhl;Lfpd;wd.

FHe;ijfspd; xypg;g[ Kaw;rpfspd; bgUk;ghyhd xypf; TWfspy; milg;bghyp –

capbuhyp vd;w bjhlh; xyp TWfs; (v.fh. g, k, f, j) jhd; epuk;gf;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. bka;bahypfisj; bjhlUk; capbuhypfs; bgUk;ghYk; m/M vd;w

capbuhypahfj;jhd; nUf;fpwJ. ehsiltpy; c/C, n/N, v/V vd;gd FHe;ijfspd;

xypf;TWfspy; fhzg;glj; bjhlA;Ffpd;wd.

Kjw; brhw;fis cr;rhpf;ifapy; FHe;ijfs; Fiwe;j vz;zpf;ifapyhd

xypfisBa gad;gLj;Jfpd;wd. mit xt;bthU FHe;ijfSf;Fk; BtWgLk;.

FHe;ijfs; mtw;wpd; xypadpay; tsh;r;rpapd; bjhlf;fj;jpy; nUf;ifsapy;, mtw;wpd;

Kjw; brhw;fspd; cr;rhpg;g[ BtWgLk;. nU xypfSf;fpilBa Btw;Wepiy epWtg;gl;lhy;

rk;ge;jg;gl;l vy;yhr; brhw;fspYk; ne;j nU xypad;fSk; BtWgl;litahf

itf;fg;gLk; vd;W vjph;g;ghh;f;fg;gLk;. Mdhy; nJ cz;ikay;y. FHe;ijapd;

xypadpay; tsUk;BghJ ve;jj; jug;gl;l brhy;ypd; cr;rhpg;g[k; bfhq;rk; bfhq;rkhf

taJ te;jtiug; Bghy; khWk;. rpyBeuA;fspy; jdpg;gl;l brhw;fspd; BtWgl;l cr;rhpg;g[

Bkhrkhd epiyia miltJKz;L. FHe;ijfs; xU xypia ed;F fw;Fk; Kd;

mtw;iwr; rPuhf cw;gj;jpr; bra;a[k; FHe;ijfs; bkhHpia cUthf;Fk; xypfspd;

FGkj;ij kpf bkJthfj;jhd; fw;fpd;wd. rpy xypfs; ehd;F tajpy;Tl

fw;fg;gLtjpy;iy. gpd;tUk; ml;ltizfs; xUtaJ Kjy; ehd;F tajpy; cs;s

FHe;ijfspd; xUrpy brhw;fisa[k; mjw;fpizahd taJte;jthpd; brhw;fisa[k;

gl;oaypl;L fhl;LtJld; Vw;gl;Ls;s xyp khw;wj;ija[k; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

xU taJf; FHe;ijapd; Bgr;R Ma;tpd; ml;ltiz

FHe;ij

brhy;

mjw;F nizahd

taJte;jthpd; brhy;

Xypkhw;w

tif

jfty;K}yk;,

bgah;, ghy;, taJ

ea; eha; eh>e re;Bjh&;Fkhh; tPuhf;fd;,

Mz;, 1

mf;F mf;fh fh>F Re;Bjh&;Fkhh; tPuhf;fd;,

Mz;, 1

cay; xuy; u>a Re;Bjh&;Fkhh; tPuhf;fd;,

Mz;, 1

Brhap BrhW W>ap Re;Bjh&;Fkhh;, tPuhf;fd;,

Mz;, 1

fhf; fhf;fh fh> Re;Bjh&;Fkhh;, tPuhf;fd;,

Mz;, 1

Mg;g mg;gh gh>g Re;Bjh&;Fkhh;, tPuhf;fd;,

Mz;, 1

fk;g[ fUk;g[ U> Re;Bjh&;Fkhh;, tPuhf;fd;,

Mz;, 1

cf;FJ xuf;FJ xu>c Re;Bjh&;Fkhh;, tPuhf;fd;,

Mz;, 1

lk;g[ lk;sh; sh;>g[ Re;Bjh&;Fkhh;, tPuhf;fd;,

Mz;, 1

behl;o bwhl;o bwh>beh Re;Bjh&;Fkhh;, tPuhf;fd;,

Mz;, 1

g{d g{id id>d Re;Bjh&;Fkhh;, tPuhf;fd;,

Mz;, 1

Khk Khkh kh>k Re;Bjh&;Fkhh;, tPuhf;fd;,

Mz;, 1

kha; khL L>a; Re;Bjh&;Fkhh;, tPuhf;fd;,

Mz;,1

Jhjh jhj;jh j;jh>jh Re;Bjh&;Fkhh;, tPuhf;fd;,

Mz;,1

nuz;L taJf; FHe;ijapd; Bgr;R Ma;tpd; ml;ltiz

FHe;ijapd;

brhy;

mjw;F

nizahd

taJte;jthpd;

brhy;

xyp

khw;wtif

jfty;K}yk;:

; bgah;,nlk;,

ghy; taJ

Cl;Lf;F tPl;Lf;F tP>C mdpjh, tPuhf;fd;,

bgz; 2 1/2

dpg;gd; wpg;gd; wp>dp md[pjh, tPuhf;fd;,

bgz; 2 1/2

brt[e;jp brte;jp t>t[ mdpjh, tPuhf;fd;,

bgz; 2 1/2

g{t[ g{ + t[ mdpjh, tPuhf;fd;,

bgz; 2 1/2

Beiwah Beiwa a >ah mdpjh, tPuhf;fd;,

bgz; 2 1/2

fy;ykht[ flykht[ l > y; ruz;ah, tPuhf;fd;,

bgz; 2 1/2

bghl;o bgl;o bg>bgh ruz;ah, tPuhf;fd;,

bgz; 2 1/2

FLk;kh bfhLk;kh bfh > F ruz;ah, tPPuhf;fd;,

bgz; 2 1/2

jk;shW lk;sh; l> j, sh; >yhW ruz;ah, tPuhf;fd;,

bgz; 2 1/2

Btzhk; Btz;lhk; lh > zh ruz;ah, tPuhf;fd;,

bgz; 2 1/2

bjhk;g[ brhk;g[ brh>bjh ruz;ah,tPuhf;fd;,

bgz; 2 1/2

bfhak;g[ bfhsk;g[ s>a ruz;ah, tPuhf;fd;,

bgz; 21/2

gk;glk; gk;guk; u>l ruz;ah, tPuhf;fd;,

bgz; 21/2

bkl;l bkj;j j;j > l;l Ruz;ah, tPuhf;fd;,

bgz; 21/2

Blyyh b$ayypjh b$ > blatpjh >

yyh

ruz;ah, tPuhf;fd;,

bgz; 2 1/2

Bgg;gL Bgg;gU U > L ruz;ah, tPuhf;fd;,

bgz; 2 1/2

mg;Bght; mg;gh gh > Bghy; ruz;ah, tPuhf;fd;,

bgz; 2 1/2

K}d;W taJf; FHe;ij Bgr;R Ma;tpd; ml;ltiz

FHe;ijapd;

brhy;

mjw;F nizahd

taJte;jthpd;

brhy;

Xypkhw;w tif jfty; K}yk;:

bgah;, nlk;,

ghy;, taJ

Dhdh dh(d;) d; > dh nsKUfd;

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 3

CLf;F CUf;F U > L nsKUfd;

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 3

ghj;jhA; ghj;Bj(d;) Bjd; >jA; nsKUfd;

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 3

jk;glk; jk;gl;lk; l;l > l nsKUfd;

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 3

BrhL BrhW W>L nsKUfd;

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 3

Fhap fha; a;>L nsKUfd;

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 3

VA; V(d;) d;>A; nsKUfd;

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 3

mq;rpLgh mq;R U}gh R > rp,U} >L nsKUfd;

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 3

jlA; jBu(d;); Bud; >A; nsKUfd;

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 3

bgoaf;fh bghpaf;fh hp >o nsKUfd;

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 3

Bfhag;gak; Bfhtg;gsk; t >a,s >a nsKUfd;

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 3

Vl Koay VwKoay W >l nsKUfd;

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 3

bfhagsk; bfha;ahg;gsk; a;ah>a nsKUfd;

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 3

Nk;g[ypf;Fr;rp nUk;g[yp[f; Fwpr;rp U>¢

Wp > ¢

nsKUfd;

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 3

gg;bgho gy;bgho y; >g; nsKUfd;

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 3

dj;jk; uj;jk; u > e nsKUfd;

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 3

KLf;F KWf;F W > L nsKUfd;

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 3

brLg;g[ brUg;g[ U > L nsKUfd;

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 3

BghBlA; BghBwA; Bw>Bl nsKUfd;

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 3

fhr;R fhR R > r;R nsKUfd;

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 3

Vof;F Vhpf;F hp > o nsKUfd;

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 3

jLBtA; jUBtd; U > L nsKUfd;

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 3

fyU fyh; h;>U nsKUfd;

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 3

fLg;g[fyU fUg;g[ fyh; U >L nsKUfd;

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 3

Muq;R Muq;R u> l nsKUfd;

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 3

Brg;g[ fyU Rptg;g[ fyh; Rp > Br nsKUfd;

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 3

ehd;F taJf; FHe;ij Bgr;R Ma;tpd; ml;ltiz

FHe;ijapd;

Brhy;

mjw;F nizahd

taJte;jthpd; brhy;

Xypkhw;w tif jfty; K}yk;:

Bgah;, nlk;, ghy;,

taJ

Ng;go Ng;go g>g[ ey;yjk;gp,

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 4

nLf;F nUf;F U > L ey;yjk;gp,

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 4

tha g{ bfhak;g[ thsg; g{ bfhsk;g[ s >a ey;yjk;gp,

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 4

Bghypf Bghyyp!; !; > R ey;yjk;gp,

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 4

mk;gJ Lth mk;gJ U}gh U}>L ey;yjk;gp,

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 4

tlhL tuhU uh > lh ey;yjk;gp,

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 4

nLf;F nUf;fhU fhU>F ey;yjk;gp,

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 4

fhLy fhJy J>L ey;yjk;gp,

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 4

bghapLf;fhL BghapUf;fhJ Bgh>bgh ey;yjk;gp,

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 4

fhZk; fhzy zy>Zk; ey;yjk;gp,

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 4

fy;y fly l>y; ey;yjk;gp,

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 4

vl;Lfpl;L vLj;Jfpl;L Lj;J>l;L ey;yjk;gp,

tPuhf;fd;, Mz;, 4

Ie;J taJ FHe;ij Bgr;R Ma;tpd; ml;ltiz

FHe;ijapd;

brhy;

mjw;F

Nizahd

taJte;jthpd; brhy;

Xypkhw;w

Tif

jfty; K}yk;:

bgah;, nlk;,

ghy;, taJ

Blapwp ilwp il>blap ghf;fpabyl;Rkp,

tPuhf;fd;, bgz;, 5

vSjpg[l;oah vSjpl;oah jpl;>jpg[l; ghf;fpabyl;Rkp,

tPuhf;fd;, bgz;, 5

vk;g[ypr;r vYkpr;r Ykp>k;g[yp ghf;fpabyl;Rkp,

tPuhf;fd;, bgz;, 5

brByl;L rpByl; rp > br ghf;fpabyl;Rkp,

tPuhf;fd;, bgz;, 5

mg;g[oj;jhd; mg;gojhd; go > g[o ghf;fpabyl;Rkp,

tPuhf;fd;, bgz;, 5

fof;FJ fof;fpJ fp>F ghf;fpabyl;Rkp,

tPuhf;fd;, bgz;, 5

vLj;Jfpl;L thlh vLj;Jl;L thlh l;L>fpl;L ghf;fpabyl;Rkp,

tPuhf;fd;, bgz;, 5

Mr;rpf;fpl;L th msr;rpfpl;L th ms > Mr;rp ghf;fpabyl;Rkp,

tPuhf;fd;, bgz;, 5

Kjw;brhw;fis cw;gj;jp bra;tjpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; jpl;;lA;fs;

FHe;ijfspd; Kjw;brhw;fspd; cr;rhpg;g[fs; Vd; kpf K}yj;jd;ik cilajhf

nUf;fpd;wd vd;gJ Bfs;tp. mtw;wpd; xypg;g[ mtw;wpd; Bfl;lwpjypd; tsh;r;rpa[wh

nay;ghy; vy;iyg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gJ xU rhj;jpakhFk;. kw;bwhd;W mtw;wpd;

Bfl;lwpjy; mtw;wpd; cw;gj;jpiatplr; rpwe;jjjhf nUf;fpwJ. BkYk; mtw;wpd; xypg;g[

mtw;wpd; xypg;g[j;jirf; fl;Lg;ghl;od; (articulatory muscle control) tshr;rpa[wh nay;ghy;

vy;iyg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. rhd;Wfs; nuz;lhtJ tUk; tpsf;fj;ij Cf;fg;gLj;JfpwJ.

FHe;ijfs; taJ te;jthpd; Bgr;rpy; cs;s nU xypad;fspd; BtWghl;il

czh;e;jpUe;jhYk; mth;fshy; mij cw;gj;jp bra;a nayhjpUf;fyhk;. FHe;ijfs; xU

BtWghl;il Bfl;lwpa naYk; vd;whYk; taJte;jth;, Bghyr; bra;tjw;fhf xU

brhy;iyj; jtwhf cr;rhpf;Fk;BghJ FHe;ijfs; kWg;g[ bjhptpg;gjpy;iy. brhw;fisg;

gad;gLj;Jtjpy; rpy FHe;ijfs; kWg;g[ bjhptpg;gjpy;iy. brhw;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjpy;

rpy FHe;ijfs; gpw FHe;ijfistplf; TLjy; mjpfk; Bgrhj Bghf;F cilath;fshf

nUf;fpwhh;fs; vd;w cz;ik, xU FHe;ij Kjypy; Bgrj; bjhlA;Fk; fhyfl;lj;jpy;

cs;s BtWghl;ow;Ff; fhuzkhf mikayhk;. Vd; rpy rkaA;fspy; Kd;dhy; bgwg;gl;l

brhw;fs; xU fhyfl;lj;jpw;Ff; FHe;ijapd; brhw;bwhifapypUe;J tplg;gLfpwJ

vd;gija[k; nJ tpsf;fyhk;.

FHe;ijfs; jhA;fs; cw;gj;jp bra;a nayhj xypadpay; fl;LkhdA;fisf;

Bfl;lwptJld; mth;fs; jA;fspd; cr;rhpg;igf; fhl;oYk; taJte;jthpd; cr;rhpg;igf;

TLjyhfg; g[hpe;Jbfhs;s naYtjhfj; Bjhd;Wfpd;wJ. bghJthf xypadpay;

Bfl;lwpjy; (phonemic perception) Bgr;R tsh;r;rpapWtjw;F Kd; KGika[whJ. Mdhy;

nizahf tUk; cUthf;f Btw;Wepiyfs; (corresponding production contrasts)

tshr;;rpa[wtjw;F Kd; tsh;r;rpa[WfpwJ. cw;gj;jpa[y; cs;s tsh;r;rpapd; bjhlh;r;rp

Bfl;lwpjypy; cs;s tsh;r;rpapd; bjhlh;r;rpiag; gpd;gw;wj; Bjitapy;iy.

FHe;ijfs; Kjypy; brhw;fis cw;gj;jp bra;aj; bjhlA;Fifapy; mit xt;bthU

brhy;Yf;Fk; jdpahd xypg;g[ tHpfis tsh;j;jpUf;fyhk;. xypadpaypd; fUj;JU

nJtiu bghUj;jkhfj; Bjhd;whJ. Vbdd;why; BtWgl;l brhw;fspy; cs;s xBu

xypfs; nJtiu xd;Wld; xd;W bjhlh;g[gLj;jg;gltpy;iy.

bkJthf xU mikg;g[Kiw btsptUfpwJ. nuz;L my;yJ mjw;F Bkw;gl;l

brhw;fspy; cs;s xypfs; taJte;jthpd; totpy; cs;stw;Wld; xd;whf nUe;jhy; ne;j

xypfs; rPuhf cr;rhpf;fg;glj; bjhlA;FfpwJ. njd; tpisthfr; rpy brhw;fs; Kd;dhy;

cr;rhpf;fg;gl;lijtpl Bkhrkhf cr;rhpf;fgLfpwJ. rPh;gLj;jg;gl;l xU xGA;FKiwapd;

ed;ikfs; Ke;ija brhy; mstpyhd xypg;g[ tHpfis Ke;jptpl;ljhfj; Bjhd;Wfpd;wJ.

rhpahf cr;rhpf;fg;glhtpl;lhYk; cr;rhpg;gpy; cs;s khw;wk; tsh;r;rpa[Wfpw rPuhd xypg;g[

xGA;FKiwiaf; bfhz;L tUfpwJ. btsptUfpd;w xU FGk tpjpfSld; Kd;dBu

bgwg;gl;l tot[fisg; bghUe;Jk; braw;ghA;F rPuhf;fk; (regularization) vdg;gLk;.

xypadpaypy; epfGk; nk;khjphpahd rPuhf;fk;jhd; bkhHpg;Bgwpd; gpw Behf;FfspYk;

rk;gtpf;Fk;.

xt;bthU rkaj;jpw;Fk; FHe;ijfs; rpy Fwpg;gpl;l xypadpay; rpf;fy;fspy;

ftdj;ijr; brYj;Jk;. FHe;ijfs; xU Fwpg;gpl;l rpukj;ij mwpe;jhy; mit gy

rhj;jpakhd bray;ghLfspy; xd;iw vLf;Fk;. mit me;j xypiaBah my;yJ

xypr;Brh;f;iffisBah Kw;wpYk; tpyf;fptpLtijj; Bjh;e;bjjLf;fyhk; my;yJ

FHe;ijfs; me;j myif cUthf;Ftjpy; fodkhff; ftdk; brYj;jyhk;. njd;

tpisthf njpy; cl;gLk; brhw;fspd; gpw gFjpfs; rpija[k;. rpy rkaA;fspy; rpy

FHe;ijfs; nU brhw;fs; taJ te;jth; cr;rhpf;Fk;BghJ BtWgl;oUg;gija[k; jhA;fs;

cr;rhpf;Fk; BghJ xd;WBghy; xypg;gija[k; fz;L bfhs;fpwhh;fs;. Xg;bghypfis

(homophones) tpyf;f FHe;ijfs; nU cr;rhpg;g[fisa[k; fl;lhakhf BtWgLj;jyhk;.

nWjpahff; FHe;ijfs; mit Bfl;gij mit TWtJld; bjhlh;g[g;gLj;Jk;

xGA;FKiwia milfpwJ. mit tsh;r;rpa[Wk; BghJ xGA;FKiw khWk;. nk;khjphpahd

khw;wj;jpd; braw;ghA;fpd; fhyfl;lj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;l xypfBsh mtw;wpd; Brh;f;iffBsh

epiyaw;W nUf;Fk;. nJ rk;gtpf;Fk; BghJ ne;j xypfs; rpy rkaj;jpw;F kpFe;j

BtWghl;Lld; cr;rhpf;fg;gLk;. xt;bthU FHe;ija[k; xU jdpg;gl;l tHpapy;

xypadpaypy; tpsf;fA;fis Ma;e;J bfhs;tjhfj; Bjhd;WfpwJ. vdBtjhd;

guhkhpg;gth; mayhh;fistpl FHe;ijfspd; Bgr;ir ed;whfg; g[hpe;Jbfhs;fpd;wdh;.

xt;bthU FHe;ija[k; mtw;iw BtWghl;Lld; gad;gLj;jpdhYk; vy;yhf; FHe;ijfSk;

mth;fspd; jdpg;gl;l xypadpay; mikg;bghGA;ifg; gad;gLj;Jk; bghJthd VG

braw;ghA;Ffs; nUf;fpd;wd.

1. mirePf;fy;: FHe;ijfs; mjd; xypadpay; tsh;r;rpapd; Muk;gf; fhyfl;lA;fspy;

mGj;jk; jug;glhj mirfis tpl;LtpLk;.

v.fh.

FHe;ij brhy; taJte;jth; brhy;

Brh BrhW

fhf; Fhf;fh

Gh Ghl;L

Fa; Fy;Y

Vf;F Vdf;F

2. mirfspd; nul;og;g[: FHe;ijfs; nuz;L mira[s;s brhw;fisf; Bfl;ifapy;

mth;fSf;F nuz;lhtJ miria Kjy; mirapypUe;J BtWgLj;jp cUthf;Fk;

naf;fj;jpwd; ny;yhjpUf;Fk; nUg;gpDk; cr;rhpf;fg;gl;l Kjy; miria kPz;Lk;

TWtjpy; mjpf rpukkpy;iy vd;gjhy; FHe;ijfs; nul;og;gpy; NLgLfpd;wd.

FHe;ij brhy; taJte;jth; brhy;

Tlhl tuhj

Vl;Ll;L vLj;Jf;fpl;L

Cl;l tPl;y

Fl;Ll;L FLj;Jl;L

3. xypfis ePf;Fjy;: kpfj; bjhlf;f fhyfl;lj;jpy; ePf;fypd; kpf KF;fpakhd tif

nwjp xypia ePf;FtjhFk;.

v.fh.

FHe;ij brhy; taJte;jth;brhy;

Eh eha;

Jh jz;zp

lk;g[ lk;sh;

bjhlf;f bka;fisa[k; bka;kaf;fA;fisa[k; tpl;LtpLtJk; epfH;fpwJ.

v. fh.

FHe;ij brhy; taJte;jth; brhy;

r;rp Fr;rp

r;rp g{r;rp

bka;-caph; mirfisf; fhl;oYk; bka; kaf;fA;fs;, FHe;ijf;F cr;rhpf;ff; fodkhf

nUf;Fk;. Vbdd;why; cyfstpy; FHe;ijfs; bka; kaf;fA;fisr; rpy bka;fis

tpl;LtpLtjhy; Fiwf;Fk;.

FHe;ij brhy; taJte;jth; brhy;

fhf; fhf;fh

fa; fy;Y

gg;bgho gy;bgho

lk;g[ lk;sh;

4. xypfspd; Brh;g;g[: rpy BeuA;fspy; nWjp bka;ia tpl;L tpLtjhy; kl;Lkpd;wp xU

capiur; Brh;g;gjhYk; tpyf;fg;gLfpwJ.

v.fh.

FHe;ij brhy; taJte;jth; rhy;

Fhap fha;

fyU fyh;

5. xypfspd; nlg;bgah;r;rp/gjpyPL: rpy xypfs; rpy miraplj;jpy; rpy FHe;ijfshy;

vspjpy; cr;rhpf;f naYtjhfj; Bjhd;Wfpd;wJ.

FHe;ij brhy; taJte;jth; brhy;

cay; xuy;

kha; khL

dpg;gd; hpg;gd;

fy;ykht[ flykht[

bjhk;g[ brhk;g[

gk;glk; gk;guk;

bkl;l bkj;j

6. xhpdkhjy;: Bkw;brhd;d gjpyPl;Lr; braw;ghA;F brhy;ypy; mLj;JtUk; xypapidg;

bghWj;J tuhJ. brhy;ypy; cs;s kw;bwhU xypf;Bfw;g xU xyp khWk; kw;bwhU

xypadpay; bray;ghLk; nUf;fpwJ. nJ xhpdkhjy; vdg;gLk;.

KjyhtJ xyp nuz;lhtJ xypia khw;Wfpwjh my;yJ nuz;lhtJ xyp

KjyhtJ xypia khw;Wfpwjh vd;gijg; bghWj;J xhpdkhjiy nuz;lhfg; gphpf;fyhk;:

KjyhtJ Kd;Bdhf;F xhpdkhjy; (K.X) (progressive assimilation) vd;Wk;

nuz;lhtJ gpd;Bdhf;F xhpdkhjy; (gp.x.) (regressive assimilation) vd;Wk;

miHf;fg;gLk;. ne;j xhpdkhjy; nuz;L bka;fSf;fpilapByh caph;fSf;F

nilapByh epfHyhk;.

FHe;ij brhy; taJte;jth; brhy;

Brhap (K.X.) BrhW

thzh(k;) (gp.X) Btzh(k;)

tLgp (gp.X) tUJ

fy;ykht[)gp.X) flyhkht[

7. xypfspd; Kd;gpd; khw;wk;: FHe;ijfs; Kjw;brhw;fis cr;rhpf;fiapy; rhpahd

bjhlh;r;rpapy; my;yhJ mof;fo xypfis khw;wpf; TWk; mjhtJ xypfs;

Kd;gpd; khwptUk;.

FHe;ij brhy; taJte;jth; brhy;

Vk;g[ypr;r vYkpr;r

8. gy;BtW braw;ghA;Ffs;: Kd;dh; je;j vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; vy;yhk; xU jdpg;gl;l

xypadpay; braw;ghA;iff; cs;slA;Fk;. nUg;gpDk; TLjy; bghJthd R{H;epiy

vd;dbtd;why; brhw;fs; (bgUk;ghYk; Kjw;brhw;fs;) nuz;ow;Fk; Bkw;gl;l xypadpay;

braw;ghA;fpw;F cl;gLk;. xU Fwpg;gpl;l braw;ghA;if brad;ik bra;a[k; Beh;t[fisf;

fz;Lgpog;gJ fodkhFk;.

v.fh.

FHe;ij brhy; taJte;jth; brhy;

lk;g[ lk;sh;

vl;Ll;L vLj;Jfpl;L

Dla bewa

gl;L gLj;J

brhw;fis xd;WBrh;j;jy;

nuz;L brhy; thf;fpaj;jpw;F khw;wk;

VHhtJ khjj;jpy; FHe;ij Kjy; brhy;iyf;Twj; bjhlA;FfpwJ. gpd;dh;

brhw;fisr; Brh;j;J thf;fpaA;fis cUthf;fj; bjhlA;FfpwJ. nj;bjhlf;f

fhyfl;lj;jpy; FHe;ijfspd; Bgr;irf; ftdpj;Jg; ghh;j;jhy; mjpy; gy khw;w

elj;ijfs; nUg;gJ bjhpatUk;.

gy;brhy; fl;lfisg; g[hpe;Jbfhs;Sjy;

FHe;ijfs; xU brhy; fhyfl;lj;jpy; nuz;L my;yJ mjw;F Bkw;gl;l

brhw;fSs;s Tw;Wfisg; g[hpe;Jbfhs;s naYk; vd;W bgw;Bwhh;fSf;Fj; Bjhd;WfpwJ.

Mdhy; cz;ik mg;goay;y. gy Ma;thsh;fs; FHe;ijfs; xU brhy;Yf;Fj;jhd;

gjpy; bray; bra;fpd;wJ vd;Wk; kPjp bra;jpia R{Hyhy; bgWfpwJ vd;Wk;

thjpLfpd;wdh;. (Bloom, 1973, 1974; Clock, et al, 1974). nUg;gpDk; ve;j Ma;t[k;

bjhlhpay; mwpit Btz;Lk; fl;lisfisg; gad;gLj;jtjpy;iy. kw;bwhU Ma;t[

FHe;ijfs; bjhlhpaiyg; gad;gLj;jtpy;iy vd;W TWfpwJ. xU brhy; fhyfl;lf;

FHe;ijfSk; mjw;Fr; rpwpJ Bkw;gl;l fhyfl;lj;jpy; cs;s FHe;ijfSk; brhy; epuiy

(word order) gw;wpf; ftiyg;glhky; ed;whfg; gjpy;tpist[ bra;fpd;wd. khwhf

TLjy; xGf;Fs;s bkhHpiaf; bfhz;l FHe;ijfs;, brhw;fspd; epuy; bjhlhpay;

mog;gilapy; rhpahf nUe;jhy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f tpjj;jpy; rpwg;ghf gjpyspf;fpd;wd

(Whetstone and Friedlanden, 1973). nUg;gpDk; ne;j Ma;t[ FHe;ijfSf;Fj;

bjhlhpaypd; mwpt[ ny;iy vd;W epU}gpf;ftpy;iy (Reich 1986:69).

bjhlf;ffhy thf;fpaA;fspd; Fzeyd;fs;

tpisthf;fk;

FHe;ijapd; bkhHpiaf; Fwpj;j Kf;fpakhd cz;ik mjd; tpisthf;fkhFk;.

FHe;ijfs; jA;fs; Kd;dhy; Bfl;l Brh;f;iffspd; mog;gilapy; brhw;fis Brh;j;Jf;

TWtjpy;iy. bgUk;ghYk; FHe;ijfs; mth;fs; Bfl;ouhj Tw;Wfis

cUthf;Ffpwhh;fs;. FHe;ijfs; taJte;jth;fshy; cUthf;fg;gl;l Tw;Wfis

xUBghyr;bra;tjhy; (imitation) Tw;Wfis cUthf;Ftjpy;iy. brhw;Brh;f;iffisg;

gw;wpa rpy bghJthd bfhs;iffisf; fw;Wf; bfhs;tjhYk; mij mth;fSf;Fj;

bjhpe;j brhw;bwhifapy; gad;gLj;jtjhYk; nJ epfH;fpwJ.

je;jpg; Bgr;R

bjhlf;ff;fhyf; FHe;ijfs; bkhHp gw;wpa gz;g[ vd;dbtd;why; Muk;gfhy

thf;fpaA;fs; je;jp bra;jpfs; Bghy nUf;Fk;. Vbdd;why; je;jp bfhLg;gth; Bjitaw;w

brhw;fis ePf;fptpl;L bra;jpia btspgLj;j kl;Lk; Bjitahd brhw;fisg;

gad;gLj;Jfpwhh;fs; ; FHe;ijapd; bjhlf;ffhy bkhHpa[k; je;jpBghyBt mikfpwJ.

bghJthfg; bghUslf;fk; cs;s brhw;fshd (content words) bgah;fSk; tpidfSk;

Twg;gLfpd;wJ. gpw brhw;fs; tplg;gLfp;d;wd. FHe;ijfs; gd;ik xl;Lfs;, new;jfhy

xl;Lfs; Bghd;w jphpg[fist tpl;LtpLk; Bghf;F fhzg;gLfpwJ. BkYk; vy;yhr;

bray;ghl;Lr; brhw;fisa[k; tpl;LtpLtjpy;iy. K}d;W tifahd braw;ghl;Lr; brhw;fs;

FHe;ijfspd; Bgr;rpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. mjhtJ K}tpl khw;W bgah;fs; (personal

pronouns), fl;Lkhw;Wg; bgah;fs; (demonstrative pronouns) vd;gd braw;ghA;Fr;

brhw;fshFk;. FHe;ijfs; je;jp Bgr;irg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;Ff; fhuzk; mth;fs;

bjhlhpaypd; gpw gfjpfisf; fw;Wf;bfhs;stpy;iy vd;gjhFk;.

ika/jpwe;j Bgr;R (pivot/open speech)

nU brhy; fl;lj;ij Ma;e;j Ma;thsh;fs; FHe;ijfspd; bjhlf;f fhy

thf;fpaA;fspy; rPuhd mikg;bghGA;F nUg;gijf; fz;Lbfhz;Ls;sdh;. ne;j

mikg;bghGA;F ika nyf;fzk; (pivot grammer) vd;W miHf;fg;gLfpwJ.

FHe;ijfs; Ik;gJ my;yJ mjw;F Bkw;gl;l brhw;fspd; brhw;bwhifiaf;

bfhz;oUe;jhYk; Kjy; nUbrhy; thf;fpaA;fspy; nU brhw;fspd; xU brhy; xU kpfr;

rpwpa FGkj;jpypUe;J tUtjhfj; bjhpate;jJ. nit ikar; brhw;fs; (pivot words)

vdg;gLk;. thf;fpaj;jpy; cs;s gpw brhw;fs; FHe;ijapd; brhw;bwhifapy;

vq;rpaitahFk;. ng;bghpa FGkk; jpwe;j tFg;g[ FGkk; (open class set) vdg;gLk;.

ikar; brhw;fisj; jpwe;j tFg;g[r; brhw;fspypUe;J BtWgLj;j gy Fzeyd;fs;

Kd;bkhHpag;gl;ld (Reich, 1986:78):

1. ikar; brhw;fs; jpwe;j tFg;g[ brhw;fistplf; TLjy; epfH;btz; cs;sit.

2. ikatFg;g[ xUrpy mA;fj;jpdiuf; bfhz;lJ.

3. ikar; brhw;fs; vg;bghGJ thf;fpaj;jpy; xBu nlj;jpByBa tUfpwJ. rpy

thf;fpaj;jpd; bjhlf;fj;jpYk; BtWrpy thf;fpaj;jpd; nWjpapYk; tUfpd;wd.

4. ikar;brhw;fs; xU brhy; thf;fpaA;fshfj; jdpahf tUtjpy;iy.

5. nUbrhy; thf;fpaA;fs; nuz;L ikar; brhw;fisf; bfhz;oUg;gjpy;iy.

6. ve;j ika brhy;iya[k; ve;j jpwe;jtFg;g[r; brhy;Yld; niz Brh;f;fyhk;.

7. bgah;fSk; tpidfSk; jpwe;j tFg;gpy; nUf;Fk; Bghf;F fhzg;gLfpwJ.

Ma;t[f;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;l rpy jkpH;f;; FHe;ijfspd; Bgr;rpy; fhzg;gLk; nU-

brhy; thf;fpaA;fs; ika jpwe;j tFg;g[ thf;fpaA;fspd; fUj;Jr; rhaYld;

bghUe;Jtjhfj; bjhpfpwJ.

v.fh.

FHe;ijg; Bgr;R epfuhd taJte;jth; Bgr;R

elah Brhap bewa BrhW

elah r;rp bewa g{r;rp

elah rhf;fp bewa rhf;byl;

elah fa; bewa fy;Y

nUg;gpDk; vy;yhj; jkpH;f; FHe;ijfsplkpUe;J bgwg;gl;l jfty;fs; ika/jpwe;j

rl;lfj;jpy; bghUe;jtpy;iy.

nUbrhy; Tw;Wfs;

brhy; epuy;

ika/jpwe;j fl;lj;jpd; fUj;Jr; rhaiyj; js;sptpl naYk; vd;whYk;

bgUk;ghyhd jkpH;f; FHe;ijfSf;Fr; brhy; epuy; epue;jukhdJ vd;W

bjhpfpd;wJ. bgUk;ghyhd jkpH;f; FHe;ijfs; tpidia nWjpapBy

gad;gLj;Jfpwhh;fs;.

v.fh.

FHe;ij Bgr;R epfuhd taJte;jth; Bgr;R

mk;kh thy mk;kh tuy

rhf;fp BeZ rhf;byl; BtZk;

mg;gh cf;fp mg;gh cl;fhU

mila[k; bgaUk; tUifapy; mil Kjypy; tu mijj; bjhlh;e;J jiyg;g[

tUk;gojhd; nUbrhy; thf;fpaA;fs; mikfpd;wd.

v.fh

FHe;ijg; Bgr;R epfuhd taJte;jth; Bgr;R

vA; Cl;Ly vA;f tPl;y

ela Brhap bewa BrhW

bray;ghLfSk; gA;fspg;g[fSk;

brhy;epuypd; Ma;t[ brhw;fis tifghLfshfj; jUtJk; xBu

tifg;ghl;ilr; Brh;e;j brhw;fs; BtWgl;l thf;fpaA;fspy; xBu nlj;jpy;

Bjhd;Wfpd;wjh vd;W Ma;tJkhFk;. ve;j mst[f;F ehk; nr;bray;ghLfisa[k;

gA;fspg;g[fisa[k; tifg;gLj;j naYk; vd;gJ Iaj;jpw;fplkhfBt cs;sJ.

gpd;tUk; ml;ltizpay; jkpH;f; FHe;ijfspd; Tw;wfisr; bray;ghLfs; kw;Wk;

gA;fspg;g[fs; mog;gilapy; tifg;gLj;j Kaw;rp vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Tw;w tiffspy; tifg;ghL

cWjp bra;jy;

FHe;ijg; Bgr;R epfuhd taJte;jth; Bgr;R

bghUs; gw;wpa fUj;Jiuj;jy;

bgahply;: fa;

fy;

ftdpj;jy;: Makha; MahkhL

nUg;g[:

Kjy; ftdpg;g[: ma;kha;

mJ khL

nUg;ig kWj;jy;: mk;kh gly mk;kh tuy

kiwjy;: fhf; Bgha; fhf;fh Bgha;tpl;lJ

tpsf;Fjy;

FHe;ijg; Bgr;R epfuhd taJte;jth; Bgr;R

Mil: eila rhf;fp bewa rhf;byl;

clik: mk;kh Blhg;g[ mk;kh Brhg;g[

epfH;g[ Fwpj;j fUj;Jf;Fwpg;g[

FHe;ijg; Bgr;R epfuhd taJ te;jth; Bgr;R

brayp-bray;: mg;gh cf;fp mg;gh cl;fhU

bray;-braYf;Fs;shtJ: lhkp ghf;f Rhkp ghf;f

bra;yp-braYf;Fs;shtJ: mk;kh

Brhap

mk;kh BrhW jh

Btz;Ljy;

FHe;ijg; Bgr;R Epfuhd taJ te;jth; Bgr;R

bghUisg; bgw: Brhap BeZ BrhW Btz;Lk;

kWj;jy;: rhf;fp Btzh Rhf;byl; Btzhk;

jftiyg; bgw: mk;kh vA;f mk;kh vA;Bf

bra;a Btz;o: mg;gh cf;fp mg;gh cl;fhU

Kf;fpag; gphpthd cWjpg;gLj;jy;fSk; Btz;Ljy;fSk; (assertions and

requests) jkpH;f; FHe;ijfSila Bgr;rpy; nUe;J btspg;gLfpwJ. ne;j BtWghL

Ruj;jpYk; btspg;gLfpwJ.

btspg;ghl;od; epuy;

vy;yhf; FHe;ijfSk; xBu Kd;Bdw;wj; bjhlh;r;rpapy; BtWgl;l thf;fpa

tiffisg; bgWfpwjh vd;gJ Bfs;tp. njw;fhd gjpiyf; TWtJ fodk;. nUg;gpDk;

bghJthd Bghf;if fz;Lbfhs;s naYk;.

1. Fwpg;g[iuapd; btspaPLfs;

FHe;ijg; Bgr;R epfuhd taJte;jth; Bgr;R

m kha; mJ khL

2. epfH;t[fspd; btspaPLfs;

FHe;ijg; Bgr;R epfuhd taJte;jth; Bgr;R

mk;kh thy mk;kh tuy

3. mil, nlk; kw;Wk; cilik ntw;wpd; btspaPLfs;

FHe;ijg; Bgr;R epfuhd taJte;jth;

Bgr;R

Vila z;zp beiwa jz;zp

BlhL BkZ BuhL BtZ

mg;gh g[f;F mg;gh g[f;

ePz;l thf;fpaA;fspd; btsptuy;

nuz;L brhw;fisf; bfhz;l thf;fpaA;fistpl ePz;l thf;fpaA;fspd; gad;ghL

nU brhy; thf;fpaA;fspd; Kjy; gad;ghl;ow;Fg; gpd; cldoahfj; bjhlh;fpwJ.

xd;wiu taJ nuz;L taJ FHe;ijfSf;F K}d;W brhy; thf;fpaA;fs; kw;Wk; ehd;F

brhy; thf;fpaA;fs; Bjhd;WfpwJ. K}d;W brhy; thf;fpaA;fspd; kpf rhjhuzkhd

tiffs; fPBH ml;ltizg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.

vz;. tif FHe;ijfspd; Bgr;R epfuhd taJ

te;jth; Tw;W

1. brayp-

braw;gLbghUs;-bray;

Vf;F fy;y BeZ vdf;F fly BtZ(k;)

2. brayp-nlk;-bray; mk;kh t{l;y thy mk;kh tPl;Lf;F tuy

3. tpspf;fg;gLgth;-

bray;gLbghUs;-bray;

mk;kh Brhap BeZ mk;kh BrhW BtZ(k;)

4. bgWgth; -

brag;gLbghUs;-bray;

lhkp khy BghL rhkpf;F khy BghL

FHe;ijaplk; Bgrg;gLk; bkhHp

bghJthf taJte;jth; FHe;ijaplk; BgRk; bkhHp taJte;jth; jA;fSf;Fs;

BgRk; bkhHpapypUe;J BtWgLfpwJ. taJ te;jth;fs; FHe;ijfsplk; BgRk;BghJ

FHe;ijfs; g[hpe;Jbfhs;shJ, FHe;ijfSf;F ndpikahf nuhJ vd;W jhA;fs; fUjpa

brhw;fisj; jtph;j;J FHe;ijfsplk; BgRfpd;wdh;. FHe;ijfs; xypf;fpd;w xypfisf;

bfhz;Bl rpy brhw;fis cUthf;fp FHe;ijaplk; BgRfpd;wdh;. jkpH;f; FHe;ijfspd;

jhahh;fSk; njw;F tpjptpyf;fy;y. mth;fs; FHe;ijfsplk; bfhq;ry; Bgr;rpy;

NLgLfpwhh;fs;. ePz;l thf;fpaA;fisj; jtph;j;J xU brhy; my;yJ nU brhy;

thf;fpaA;fisf; FHe;ijaplk; gad;gLj;Jfpd;whh;fs;.

gpw;gl;l fhyfl;l bkhHptsh;r;rp

nuz;liu taJ Kjy; Ie;J taJ tiua[s;s FHe;ijfSila bkhHpj; jut[fis

Ma;tjpypUe;J FHe;ijfspd; gog;goahd bkhHp tsh;r;rp btspg;gLfpwJ. FHe;ijfs;

fyitj;jd;ikahd thf;fpaA;fis cUthf;ft[k; Bfs;tp Bfl;ft[k; vjph;f;ft[k; kWf;ft[k;

tpsf;fkhff; Twt[k; fw;fpwhh;fs;. ghpBrhjidf;Fl;gl;l FHe;ijfsplkpUe;J

jpul;lg;gl;l jut[fs; bkhHp tsh;r;rpapd; gy;BtW ghpkhzA;fis tpsf;Ftjhf

mikfpwJ.

nuz;L taJf; FHe;ijapd; bkhHp tsh;r;rp

nuz;L taij va;jpa FHe;ijfs; K}d;W brhy; thf;fpaA;fis vspjhfg;

gad;gLj;Jfpd;wd. Bfl;fg;gLk; Bfs;tpfSf;F Beuoahd gjpy;fisj; jUfpd;wd.

Bfs;tpfisf; Bfs;tpr; brhw;fisg; gad;gLj;jp Bfl;fpd;wd. fhyj;jphpg[fisr;

rhpahfg; gad;gLj;JFpd;wd. bgah;fis Btw;Wikf;fhfj; jphpg[ bra;fpd;wd. Fwpg;ghf

nuz;lhk; Btw;Wik, ehd;fhk; Btw;Wik, VHhk; Btw;Wik cUg[fisr; rhpahfg;

gad;gLj;Jfpd;wd. Tl;Ltpidfisg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wd. Tl;Lg; bgah;fisa[k;

gad;gLj;Jfpd;wd.milfisg; bghUj;jkhfg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wd. tpidailfistpl

bgailfisg; gad;gLj;JtJ mjpfkhj; Bjhd;Wfpd;wJ.

cr;rhpg;igg; bghWj;jtiuapy; kHiy cr;rhpg;g[ khwhjpUf;fpd;wJ. nd;Dk;

vy;yh xypfisa[k; rhpahf cr;rhpf;ff; fw;ftpy;iy. brhw;fspd; ePl;rp

taJte;jth;fspd; brhw;fspd; ePl;rpapypUe;J Fiwe;Bj nUf;fpd;wJ. gpd;tUk; jut[

nA;F Twg;gl;litfis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lk;.

mikg;bghGA;F vLj;Jfhl;L

nl Btw;Wikj; bjhlh; + tpidKw;W 1. fz;Zy Bghl;LLtA;

2. Cl;l nLf;F

ehd;fhk; Btw;Wikj; bjhlh; +

nuz;lhk; Btw;Wikj; bjhlh; +

Btz;ly; tpid

vdf;F fy;y BtZk;

tpspf;fg;gLgth; + tpidail +

Btz;ly; tpid

mf;Bfht; nA;f th

gpd;DUg[j; bjhlh; + tpidKw;W + tpid vA;f mk;khfpl;l brhy;YBt Bgh

ehd;fhk; Btw;Wikj; bjhlh; jilf;fl;lis

tpid + fl;lis tpid

vA;f Cl;L tlhl Bghlh

tpidvr;rk; +tpidKw;W

Jiztpid

bfhz;L g[LtA;

Kd;dpiy nlg;bgah; +fl;lis tpid eP Bgh

Jd;ikaplg;bgah; + cWjp tpid Eh gof;fZk;

milbfhsp mil + bgah; + cWjp tpid ne;j gf;fk; gof;fZk; nJ

tppdhr;brhy; + nuz;lhk;

Btw;Wikj; bjhlh; + Kw;W tpid

V (d;) vd;ida vLf;Fl?

K}d;W taJ FHe;ijapd; bkhHp tsh;r;rp

K}d;W taJ FHe;ijfs; jk; brhw;bwhifapy; TLjyhd brhw;fisr; Brh;j;Jf;

bfhs;tJld; g[jpa thf;fpa mikg;g[fisa[k; fw;Wf; bfhs;fpd;wd. gpd;tUk; jut[

nij btspg;gLj;Jk;.

mikg;bghGA;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L

bg.bjh (br.bgh) + tpid vr;rk; +

fl;lis tpid

btA;fhak; cor;rp FL

tpidKw;W + bg.bjh (br.bgh.) jPk;BgA; g[spahf; bfhl;l

tpidail + tpid ng;go nf;fl;Lk;

bg.bjh (vGtha;)+bg.bjh.

(br.bgh) + tpidKw;W

vA;fg;gh kz;Z nof;fplhA;f

bg.bjh (jd;ik nlg;bgah;) + tpid

mil + tp.v.+tp.K.

ehdh xd;D xd;dh vLj;Jf;

bfhLg;Bg(d;)

bg.bjh (br.bgh) + tp.v.+tp.K. lhk; ghf;f BghtA;

fhy tp.m. + bg.bjh. (br.bgh)+

tp.v. + Bfs;tp tpid

ehisf;F rhkp ghf;f Bghtkh

nf;fhyfl;lj;jpy; FHe;ijfs; Jiztpidfisg; gad;gLj;jp Tl;L tpidfis

mikf;ff; fw;Wf;bfhz;Ls;sd.

v.fh.

FHe;ijg; Bgr;R taJte;jth; Bgr;R

ehdh xd;D xd;dh ehd; xd;D xd;dh

vLj;Jf; bfhLg;Bg(d;) vLj;Jf; bfhLg;Bg(d;)

eh mor;rpg;g[LBtA; eh(d;) mor;rpg;g[LBtd;

mf;fhy cl;Ll;L Bght[kh mf;fht tpl;Ll;L Bght[kh

cUgdpaYk; ed;F tsh;r;rpa[w;w epiyiaf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

v.fh.

FHe;ijg; Bgr;R taJte;jth; Bgr;R

mf;fhy cl;Ll;L Bght[kh mf;fht tpl;Ll;L Bght[k;kh

vA;fk;kh Fr;rpf;F Bght[J vA;fk;kh Fr;rpf;F BghwhA;f

eh Cl;Lf;F BghBlA; ehd; tPl;Lf;F BghBw(d;)

ghdy nLf;Fy;yh ghidapy nUf;Fjh?

nuz;lhk; Btw;Wik cUghd –I –ck; ehd;fhk; Btw;Wik cUghd F –ck;

VGhk; Btw;Wik cUghd ny; -ck; nuz;lhk; Btw;Wik cUghd I-ck; nuz;lhk;

Btw;Wik cUghd I -ck; Bgr;rpy; btspg;gLfpd;wd.

ehd;F taJ FHe;ijapd; bkhHp tsh;r;rp

ghpBrhjidf;Fl;gl;l ehd;F taJ FHe;ijaplkpUe;J jpul;lg;gl;l jut[

nf;FHe;ij bkhHp mikg;gpd; gy;BtW ghpkhzA;fisf; fw;ws;sija[k; brhw;bwhif

tsh;r;rpapy; Twj;jf;f Kd;Bdw;wk; mile;Js;sija[k; btspg;gLj;JfpwJ. kWj;jy;,

Btz;Ljy;, vjph;kiwahff; TWjy;, jLj;jy; Bghd;w bkhHpr; bray;ghLfisj; jFe;j

thf;fpaikg;g[fisg; gad;gLj;jp btspg;gLj;Jk; jpwd; mile;Js;sJ bjhpatUfpwJ.

Bfs;tpBfl;Fk; Bfs;tp mikg;g[fisf; fw;Ws;sJ bjhpa tUfpwJ. Bfs;tpBfl;Fk;

rhpahd tpilia mspf;Fk; jpwd; tsh;e;Js;sJ btspg;gLfpd;wJ. vd;w epug;gpiag;

gad;gLj;jp epug;gpaj; bjhlh;fis cs;slf;fpa thf;fpaA;fis cUthf;Fk; jpwd;

tsh;e;Js;sikahy; nf;fhyfl;lj;jpy; FHe;ijapd; thf;fpaA;fs; fyitj;jd;ikahf

mikfpd;wd.

gpd;tUk; jut[fs; Bkw;brhd;d Tw;Wfis epU}gpg;gjhf mikfpd;wd.

mikg;bghGA;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L

tpspr;brhy; + tpdhr;brhy; +

bg.bjh.+tp.v.+tp.K.

mf;fh vd;dh Mfh bra;a BghBw

ftd Nuor;brhy; + bg.bjh.+tp.K. ne;j ne;j rhkp tUJ

bg.bjh+bg.bjh – V.Bt.c+

tp.Mk;/ny;iy tpdh cUg[

ghY mg;g[y BghLlh?

tpspr;brhy; + bg.bjh+mJ

tpidg;bgah; - eh.Bt.f. +tp.v. +

tp. K.

mf;fh mg;gh jpA;flJf;F thA;fpl;L

thlhL

bg.bjh.+Btz;ly; tp.+bg.bjh –

eh.Bt.c

mk;gJ Lgh jhf;f vdf;F

tpspr;brhy; + bg.bjh. + mLf;F tp.v.

+ bg.bjh.+tp.K.

mf;fh g{ gpr;rpg;gpr;rp me;jg[s;s bghLL

tpspr;brhy; + bg.bjh. – V.Bt.c+

bg.bjh. + tp.K. + Btz;Ljy; tp.

mf;fht; fhLy g{ tf;fplA; ghlA;

Ie;J taJf; FHe;ijapd; bkhHptsh;r;rp

Ie;J taJf; FHe;ij bkhHp tsh;r;rpapy; KGikia cUg;gLj;jk; bra;fpd;wJ.

KGtJkhd bkhHpg;BgW bgw;Ws;sik nt;taJf; FHe;ijfsplkpUe;J bgwg;gl;l jut[fs;

btspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. vy;yh tifahd jkpH; thf;fpa tiffisa[k; Tw;Wepiy

thf;fpaA;fisa[k; epug;gpa thf;fpaA;fisa[k; gad;gLj;Jk; Bgiwg; bgw;Ws;sik

jutpypUe;J btspg;gLfpd;wJ. mth;fSila brhw;bwhifa[k; Twj;jf;f tpjj;jpy;

bghpjhf tsh;e;Js;sJ vd;gJ mth;fs; gad;gLj;Jk; brhw;fspd; vz;zpf;ifapypUe;J

bjhpatUfpwJ. gpd;tUk; jut[ Ie;J taJf; FHe;ijfs; gytifahd thf;fpaA;fisa[k;

xGA;fikg;g[fisa[k; gad;gLj;Jtij btspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

FHe;ijg; Bgr;R Epfuhd taJte;jth; Bgr;R

bg.bjh.+tp.m.+bg.bjh – eh.Bt.

c+tp.K.

mtA;fg;gh mjh flf;fp BghapUf;fhU

bjh.niz.+bg.bjh.niz.+tp.-

Btz;ly;

xU Bgdht[k; bfhrpdpa[k; bfhL

bg.bjh. – eh.Bt.c+tp.v.+tp.K. vdf;F ghf;fhk bjhpa[k;.

tpdhr;brhy; +tp.v.+tp.K. vdf;F ghf;fhk bjhpa[k;.

tpdhr;brhy;+tp.v.+tp[.K. vd;dhy;yh nUf;fp BghLu

bg.bjh –n.Bt.c. _ck;+tp.m+

tp.v.+tp.K.

nuz;L jhisa[k; buz;lh kor;rp

tr;rpwhA;f

tpag;g[r;brhy;+bg.bjh.+

tp.Btz;ly;+bg.bjh.+n.Bt.c.

mg;ghlh eP thf;fht; BghtA;

Kot[iu

FHe;ijfspd; bkhHpg;BgW Fwpj;j gy Ma;t[fs; cyfpd; gy bkhHpfspy;

Bkw;bfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd. nt;tha;t[fspd; mog;gilapy; btspte;Js;s jPh;khdA;fspd;,

mDkhdA;fspd; kw;Wk; Kot[fspd; mog;gilapy; gy;BtW Bfhl;ghLfs; vGe;Js;sd.

nf;Bfhl;ghLfs; bkhHpg;BgW Fwpj;j cyfg; bghJkakhd gy fUj;Jfis

vLj;Jiuf;fpd;;wd. nf;fUj;Jf;fs; cyfpy; cs;s vy;yh bkhHpfSf;Fk; bghUe;Jk;.

nUg;gpDk; jkpH;f; FGe;ijfspd; bkhHpg;BgW Fwpj;j Ma;t[fs; kpff; Fiwt[ vd;Bw

Twyhk;. nj;jifa Ma;t[ nA;F Bkw;bfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. nJ xU Kd;Bdho Ma;thf

(pilot survey) mikfpd;wJ. Bfhl;ghl;L mog;gilapy; Twg;gl;Ls;s jPh;khdA;fisa[k;

Kot[fisa[k; mDkhdA;fisa[k; jkpH;f; FHe;ijfsplk; nUe;J bgw;w jut[fs;

mog;gilapy; ghpBrhjpg;gJ nt;tpaypd; Behf;fkhFk;.

fhyA;fUjp xU Fwpg;gpl;l vy;iyf;Gl;gl;L jut[fs; Brfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

FHe;ijfsplkpUe;Jk; bgw;Bwhh;fsplkpUe;Jk; jut[fs; Brfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. fhyj;jpd;

vy;iy fhuzkhf xU Fwpg;gpl;l FHe;ijapd; tsh;r;rpapd; mog;gilapy; nA;F jut[

Brfhpf;fg;gltp;yiy. BtWgl;l taJfisf;bfhz;l FHe;ijfsplkpUe;J Mdhy; xBu

rK}fr; R{Hypy; thHe;j FHe;ijfsplkpUe;J jut[fs; Brfhpf;fg;gl;L Mag;gl;Ls;sd.

xU tajpypUe;J Ie;J taJ tiu FHe;ijfpslkpUe;J jut[fs;

Brfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. xU tajpw;F Fiwe;j FHe;ijfspd; bkhHp tsh;r;rpa[k; ftdj;jpy;

bfhs;sg;gl;L jut[fs; Brfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. FHe;ijfps;d Bgr;Rk; mjw;fhd

J]z;ly;fSk; tpist[fSk; Fwpg;ghf bgw;Bwhh;fspd; J]z;ly;fSk; tpist[fSk; gjpt[

bra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.

bkhHp my;yJ Bgr;R elj;ij ePz;l fhykhf cstpayhupd; ikaf; fUj;jhf

nUe;J bfhz;oUf;fpwJ. cstpayhu;fspy; gyu; kdpjdpd; BtWgl;l elj;ijfs;

fw;fg;gl;lit bkhHpa[k; mjw;F tpjptpyf;F my;y vdf; fUJfpd;wdu;. gy fw;wy;

Bfhl;ghl;lhsu;fs; fw;wiy ika euk;g[ xGA;fikg;gpy; (central nervous system) khw;wkhff;

fUJfpd;wdh;. rpy fw;wy; Bfhl;ghl;lhsu;fs; nf;fUJBfhisj; jhz;or;brd;W euk;g[r;

brw;ghA;Ffisj; (neural process) bjupe;J bfhs;fpd;wdu;. ehk; braw;jpwd; (performance)

tHpahf xU capupdk; xd;iwf; fw;Wtpl;ljh ny;iyah vd;W mwpayhk;. xU eguhy;

bkhHp gad;gLj;jg;gLtJ mtu; me;j bkhHpiaf; fw;Wtpl;lhu; vd;gijf; fhl;Lk;.

Mdhy; bray;jpwDk; (performance) fw;wYk; (learning) xd;wy;y.

bkhHpg;BgW kw;Wk; fw;wy; Bfhl;ghLfs; gw;wp tphpthf tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

FHe;ijfspd; bkhHpg;BgW gw;wp MH;e;J Ma;t[ bra;a[k; nt;tha;Btl;ow;F nJ

ndwpaikahj gFjpahFk;. nA;Fjhd; bkhHpBgW gw;wpa tphpthd tpsf;fk;

jug;gl;Ls;sJ. njpy; nt;tha;tpw;F mog;gilaha; mika[k; bkhHpg;BgW Bfhl;ghLfs;

gw;wpa tphpthd tpsf;fk; jug;gl;Ls;sJ. fw;wy; Bfhl;ghLfs; gw;wpa[k; bkhHpg;BgW

gw;wpa[k; tphpthff; TWtBj nt;tpaypd; Behf;fkhFk;. nt;tpaypy; fw;wy; Bfhl;ghl;od;

bghJthd gz;g[fs; kw;Wk; fw;wy; Bfhl;ghl;od; ghFghL gw;wpa[k; bkhHpBgW gw;wpa[k;

tphpthd tpsf;fk; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

cyfpy; gpwf;Fk; vy;yhf; FHe;ijfSk; bkhHpg;BgW fUtpa[ld; (Languge

Acquisiton Divcie) gpwf;fpd;wd vdr; rhk;!;fp Fwpg;gpLthh;. nj;jifa fUtpa[ld; gpwf;Fk;

vy;yhf; FHe;ijfSk; jkJ R{Hypy; Bgrg;gLfpd;w bkhHpia ve;jtpjf; fw;gpj;jy;

gaw;rpiaa[k; vjph;ghuhky; jhkhfBt fw;Wf;bfhs;fpd;wd. FHe;ijf;F bkhHpr;R{Hy;jhd;

Kf;fpaBk jtpu ve;j ehl;oy; gpwf;fpd;wJ, vk;bkhHpiar; rhh;e;j jha;je;ijaUf;Fg;

gpwf;fpd;wJ vd;gbjy;yhk; FHe;ij bgWk; bkhHpiaj; jPh;khdpg;gjpy;iy. jkpH;BgRk;

jha;je;ijaUf;Fg; gpwf;Fk; FHe;ij nyz;ldpy; tsh;f;fg;bgw;why; mJ MA;fpyijg;

BgRBkad;wp jkpiHg; BghrhJ. nJ FHe;ijfs; bgw;Ws;s bkhHpg; BgWfUtpapd;

bghJikj; jd;ikia cWjpbra;fpd;wJ. FHe;ijfspd; bkhHpg;BgW Fwpj;j gy

Ma;t[fs; cyfpd; gy bkhHpfspy; Bkw;bfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd. nt;tha;t[fspd;

mog;gilapy; btspte;Js;s jPh;khdA;fspd;, mDkhdA;fspd; kw;Wk; Kot[fspd;

mog;gilapy; gy;BtW Bfhl;ghLfs; vGe;Js;sd. nf;Bfhl;ghLfs; bkhHpg;BgW Fwpj;j

cyfg; bghJkakhd gy fUj;Jfis vLj;Jiuf;fpd;;wd. nf;fUj;Jf;fs; cyfpy;

cs;s vy;yh bkhHpfSf;Fk; bghUe;Jk;. nUg;gpDk; jkpH;f; FGe;ijfspd; bkhHpg;BgW

Fwpj;j Ma;t[fs; kpff; Fiwt[ vd;Bw Twyhk;. nijf; fUj;jpy; bfhz;Ljhd;

nj;jifa Ma;t[ nA;F Bkw;bfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.

nJ xU Kd;Bdho Ma;thf (pilot survey) miktJld; jkpGf;F vd;Bwa[s;s

rpwg;g[g; gz;g[fis btspg;gLj;Jtjhft[k; bghJikf; Bfhl;ghLfs; jkpGf;F vt;thW

bghUe;Jfpd;wJ vd;w epiyapy; mikfpd;wJ. FHe;ijfs; bkhHpg;Bgiw ghpe;Jf;

bfhs;tjw;F fs Ma;t[ Bkw;bfhs;sg;gl;L jfty;fs; jpul;lg;gl;ld. Fwpg;BgL vKJk;

Kiwapy; nJ Bkw;;bfhs;sg;gl;lJ. Ie;J FHe;ijfs; xU khj tajpypUe;J K}d;W taJ

tiu} cw;W Behf;fy; mog;gilapy; Ma;t[ Bkw;f;bfhs;sg;gl;L jfty;fs;

jpul;lg;gl;ld. Ma;Btl;ow;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;l fhyA;fUjp xU Fwpg;gpl;l

vy;iyf;Fl;gl;L jut[fs; Brfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. FHe;ijfsplkpUe;Jk;

bgw;Bwhh;fsplkpUe;Jk; jut[fs; Brfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. fhyj;jpd; vy;iy fhuzkhf xU

Fwpg;gpl;l FHe;ijapd; tsh;r;rpapd; mog;gilapy; nA;F jut[fs; Brfhpf;fg;gltpy;iy.

BtWgl;l taJfisf;bfhz;l FHe;ijfsplkpUe;J Mdhy; xBu rK}fr; R{Hypy; thHe;j

FHe;ijfsplkpUe;J jut[fs; Brfhpf;fg;gl;L Mag;gl;Ls;sd.

FHe;ijapd; tsh;r;rpapd; xt;bthU fhyfl;lKk; cw;WBehf;fy; vd;w mog;gilapy;

Mag;gl;L jut[fs; Brfhpf;fg;gl;L Ma;t[f;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLs;sJ. xU tajpypUe;J

Ie;J taJ tiua[s;s FHe;ijfsplkpUe;J Bgr;Rj; jut[fs; Brfhpf;fg;gl;L

Mag;gl;Ls;sd. xU tajpw;F Fiwe;j FHe;ijfspd; bkhHp tsh;r;rpa[k; ftdj;jpy;

bfhs;sg;gl;L jut[fs; Brfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. FHe;ijfspd; Bgr;Rk; mjw;fhd

J]z;ly;fSk; tpist[fSk; Fwpg;ghfg; bgw;Bwhh;fspd; J]z;ly;fSk; tpist[fSk; gjpt[

bra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.

jkpH;f; FHe;ijfspd; bkhHpg;BgW cyfshtpaf; bfhs;iffis typa[Wj;Jtjhf

mikfpd;wJ. bkhHpg;BgW tsh;r;rpapd; fhyfl;lKk; tsh;r;rpg;BgWk; cyfshtpaf;

fUj;Jf;fis MBkhjpg;gjhf mikfpd;wJ. nUg;gpDk; bkhHpg;Bgiw

btspg;gLj;Jtjpy; jkpH;f; FHe;ijfSf;F vd;W rpy rpwg;g[g; gz;g[f;TWfs;

nUf;fpd;wd.

Ie;J taJf; FHe;ij bkhHp tsh;r;rpapy; KGikia cUg;gLj;jk; bra;fpd;wJ.

KGtJkhd bkhHpg;BgW bgw;Ws;sik nt;taJf; FHe;ijfsplkpUe;J bgwg;gl;l jut[fs;

btspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. vy;yh tifahd jkpH; thf;fpa tiffisa[k; Tw;Wepiy

thf;fpaA;fisa[k; epug;gpa thf;fpaA;fisa[k; gad;gLj;Jk; Bgiwg; bgw;Ws;sik

jutpypUe;J btspg;gLfpd;wJ. mth;fSila brhw;bwhifa[k; Twj;jf;f tpjj;jpy;

bghpjhf tsh;e;Js;sJ vd;gJ mth;fs; gad;gLj;Jk; brhw;fspd; vz;zpf;ifapypUe;J

bjhpatUfpwJ.

jkpH;f;FHe;ijfspd; bkhHpBgW Fwpj;J nt;tha;Btl;oy; tphpthf

Mag;gl;Ls;sJ. FHe;ijfspd; bkhHpg;BgW Fwpj;j gy Ma;t[fs; cyfpd; gy

bkhHpfspy; Bkw;bfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd. nt;tha;t[fspd; mog;gilapy; btspte;Js;s

jPh;khdA;fspd;, mDkhdA;fspd; kw;Wk; Kot[fspd; mog;gilapy; gy;BtW Bfhl;ghLfs;

vGe;Js;sd. nf;Bfhl;ghLfs; bkhHpg;BgW Fwpj;j cyfg; bghJkakhd gy

fUj;Jfis vLj;Jiuf;fpd;;wd. nf;fUj;Jf;fs; cyfpy; cs;s vy;yh bkhHpfSf;Fk;

bghUe;Jk;. nUg;gpDk; jkpH;f; FGe;ijfspd; bkhHpg;BgW Fwpj;j Ma;t[fs; kpff; Fiwt[

vd;Bw Twyhk;. nj;jifa Ma;t[ nA;F Bkw;bfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. nJ xU Kd;Bdho

Ma;thf (pilot survey) mikfpd;wJ. Bfhl;ghl;L mog;gilapy; Twg;gl;Ls;s

jPh;khdA;fisa[k; Kot[fisa[k; mDkhdA;fisa[k; jkpH;f; FHe;ijfsplk; nUe;J bgw;w

jut[fs; mog;gilapy; nt;tha;Btl;oy; ghpBrhjid bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

fhyA;fUjp xU Fwpg;gpl;l vy;iyf;Gl;gl;L jut[fs; Brfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

FHe;ijfsplkpUe;Jk; bgw;Bwhh;fsplkpUe;Jk; jut[fs; Brfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. fhyj;jpd;

vy;iy fhuzkhf xU Fwpg;gpl;l FHe;ijapd; tsh;r;rpapd; mog;gilapy; nA;F jut[

Brfhpf;fg;gltp;yiy. BtWgl;l taJfisf;bfhz;l FHe;ijfsplkpUe;J Mdhy; xBu

rK}fr; R{Hypy; thHe;j FHe;ijfsplkpUe;J jut[fs; Brfhpf;fg;gl;L Mag;gl;Ls;sd.

xU tajpypUe;J Ie;J taJ tiu FHe;ijfpslkpUe;J jut[fs;

Brfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. xU tajpw;F Fiwe;j FHe;ijfspd; bkhHp tsh;r;rpa[k; ftdj;jpy;

bfhs;sg;gl;L jut[fs; Brfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. FHe;ijfps;d Bgr;Rk; mjw;fhd

J]z;ly;fSk; tpist[fSk; Fwpg;ghf bgw;Bwhh;fspd; J]z;ly;fSk; tpist[fSk; gjpt[

bra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.

gpw;Brh;f;if 1

FHe;ijfspd; bkhHpg;BgWf;fhd jfty; jpul;ly;

FHe;ijfs; bkhHpg;Bgiw ghpe;Jf; bfhs;tjw;F fs Ma;t[ Bkw;bfhs;sg;gl;L

jfty;fs; jpul;lg;gl;ld. Fwpg;BgL vKJk; Kiwapy; nJ Bkw;;bfhs;sg;gl;lJ. Ie;J

FHe;ijfs; xU khj tajpypUe;J K}d;W taJ tiu} cw;W Behf;fy; mog;gilapy; Ma;t[

Bkw;f;bfhs;sg;gl;L jfty;fs; jpul;lg;gl;ld. Kjy; gd;dpud;L khjA;fSf;fhd Bgr;R

kw;Wk; naf;f tsh;r;rp gw;wpa jfty;fs; ml;ltizg;gLj;jg;gl;L nA;F jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

nt;tl;ltiz FHe;ijfs; naf;fk; kw;Wk; Bgr;R bray;ghl;od; tsh;r;rpia

btspg;gLj;jpepw;fpd;wJ.

fhyk; naf;f tsh;r;rp Bgr;R tsh;r;rp

31.Mk; ehs; FHe;ij if fhy;fis ed;whf

cijj;Jf; bfhz;L jhd;

tpisahLfpwJ.

32.Mk;ehs;

FHe;ijia mof;fo JhA;fpf;

bfhz;Bl jhd; nUf;fpwJ.if

fhy;fis mof;fo cijj;Jf;

bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ.CA;

CA; vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

FHe;ij mof;fo CA; CA;

vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

33.Mk; ehs; FHe;ijia vg;go gLf;f

itf;fpwBkh mBj epiyapy; jhd;

JhA;FfpwJ.jpobud mH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

34.Mk; ehs; FHe;ij bghGJ g{uht[k; JhA;fp

bfhz;Bl jhd; nUf;fpwJ.

rj;jk; Bfl;lhy; jpobud

clk;ig Ml;o gag;gLfpwJ.

35.Mk; ehs; FHe;ijia Jhf;fp koapy;

itj;jhy; mg;goBa mirahky;

mth; ahh; vd;W Kfj;ijg;

ghh;f;fpwJ. Bgr;R bfhLj;jhy;

FHe;ijf;F vJt[Bk

bjupatpy;iy. mk;kh FHe;ijia

bfhq;RwhA;f, me;j FHe;ij

rj;jk; ny;yhky; tpHpf;fpwJ.

tpisahl;Lf; fhl;odhy; me;j

FHe;ij Mis cw;W

ghh;f;fpwJ. (mk;kh brhy;whA;f,

FHe;ijaplk; vd;dg;gh ehd;

brhy;tJ g[[hpaiyahg;gh vd;W

Bfl;fpwhA;f ).

36.Mk; ehs; FHe;ijia fhiy 11.30

kzpastpy; Jhf;fp tpisahl;Lf;

fhl;o bfhq;rpdg; gpwF ghy;

bfhLj;J JhA;f itf;fpwhA;f,

me;j FHe;ij mHhky;

JhA;FfpwJ. mjhtJ tyJ fhy;

Bky; nlJ fhy; Bghl;L

gpd;dpf;bfhz;L JhA;FfpwJ.

FHe;ijia kWgoa[k; vGg;gp

Fspahl;o ghy; bfhLj;J

bgst[lh; Bghl;L bghl;L

itj;J kWgoa[k; JhA;f

itf;fpwhs;. me;j FHe;ij

ed;whf JhA;FfpwJ. FHe;ijia

bjhl;oapy; Bghl;L Ml;o

tpLfpwhs;. bjhl;oypy; FHe;ij

JhA;Fk;bghGJ tyJ ifia

jiyf;F Bky; ePl;oa[k;, nlJ

ifia beq;rpd; Bky; itj;Jk;

JhA;FfpwJ. gpwF mk;kh

FHe;ijapd; gf;fj;jpy; gLj;Jf;

bfhz;L bjhl;oiy Ml;o

tpLfpd;whs;.

37.Mk;ehs; FHe;ij gpwe;j gpwF nuz;L

kzp Beuk; Tl JhA;fp bfhz;Bl

nUf;Fkhk;. rpwpJ Beuk; fHpj;J

FHe;ij mof;fo rpWePh;

BghfpwJ. tapW Fiwe;jt[ld;

mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ. JhA;fpf;

bfhz;L nUf;Fk; bghGBj

clk;ig Brhk;Bgwp Kwpf;fpwJ.

fPH; cjl;il ed;whf xl;od

khjpup itj;J JhA;FfpwJ.

38.Mk;ehs; ne;j FHe;ij bghGJ g{uht[k;

JhA;fp tpl;L nut[ KGtJk;

tpHpj;Jf; bfhz;Bl nUf;Fkhk;.

mof;fo mGJf;bfhz;Bl jhd;

nUf;fpwJ. mk;kh gf;fj;jpy;

gLj;J FHe;ijia jl;o

bfhLj;Jf; bfhz;Bl

nUf;fpwhhs;.Byrh me;j

FHe;ij JhA;fp bfhz;L

nUf;Fk;bghGJ mg;goBa

mirahky; Ml;lhky; rj;jk;

Bghlhky; ifia

vLj;JtpLthshk;. clBd mH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. kWgoa[k;

gf;fj;jpy; gLj;J jl;of;

bfhLj;J JhA;f itf;fpwhhs;.

39.Mk;ehs; FHe;ij mof;fo JhA;fp bfhz;L

nUf;Fk; bghGBj clk;ig

Brhk;Bgwpahf Kwpf;fp Kwpf;fp

mGfpwJ. ng;go mGfpd;w

FHe;ijf;F gad;gLj;Jw Jzpia

Jitj;jhy; gpHpa Tlhjhk;.

Jzpia gpHptjhy; jhd; FHe;ij

clk;ig KWf;fp KWf;fp

mGfpwJ. Jzpia KWf;fpd

khjphp bra;a TlhJ.Jzpfis

nuz;L iffshYk; mKf;fpd

khjphp jhd; gpHpa Btz;Lkhk;.

mg;gjhd; FHe;ij clk;ig

KWf;fp bfhs;shjhk;. mHhky;

JhA;FfpwJ.

40.Mk; ehs; FHe;ijf;F jhyhl;Lg; ghl;Lg;

ghojhd; FHe;ijia JhA;f

itf;fpwhh;fs;. mJt[k;

FHe;ijapd; ghl;o, FHe;ijia

Jhf;fp tpisahl;Lf; fhl;odhy;

FHe;ij ghl;o Kfj;ijg;

ghh;f;fpwJ. FHe;ijia

mk;khtplk; ghy; bfhLf;f

brhy;fpwhs;. FHe;ij ed;whf

ghy; Foj;Jf;bfhz;Bl jhapd;

Briyia ed;whf

gpoj;Jf;bfhz;Bl ghy;

Fof;fpwJ.

41.Mk;ehs; FHe;ij if fhy;fis mof;fo

cijj;Jf; bfhz;L

JhA;FfpwJ.FHe;ij bghGJ

KGtJk; JhA;fpf; bfhz;Bl jhd;

nUf;fpwJ. grp te;jhByh rpWePh;

BghdhByh clBd mH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. mk;kh te;J BtW

Jzpia khw;wp Bghl;L ghy;

bfhLj;J kWgoa[k; JhA;f

itf;fpwhA;f, gpwF FHe;ij

ed;whf JhA;FfpwJ. FHe;ij

a[{hpd; Bghdt[ld;

fj;JfpwJ.ahuhtJ rj;jk;

Bghl;lhy; jpobud

tpHpj;Jf;bfhz;L fj;JfpwJ.

ahuhtJ Jhf;fpdhy; mth;fis

cw;W cw;W ghh;fpwJ. nth;

kWKiw vd;whtJ xU ehs;

te;jhy; FHe;;ij milahsk;

fz;Lf;bfhs;fpwJ.

42.Mk;ehs; FHe;ij mof;fo JhA;fp

bfhz;Bl nUf;fpwJ. mof;fo

if fhy;fis cijj;Jf;

bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ.

43. Mk;ehs; FHe;ijaplk; jha; rj;jk; BghLk;

bghGJ jhapd; rj;jj;ij cw;W

Behf;Ffpd;wJ. rpy rkaj;jpy;

FHe;ijia mjl;o rj;jk;

Bghl;lhy; jpobud FHe;ij

gag;gLfpwJ. clBd jha;

FHe;ijia Jhf;fp

gag;glhjg;gh, vd;W

brhy;fpwhA;f.

44. Mk;ehs;

FHe;ij JhA;Fk; BghJ xU

Fjpfhy; Bky; nd;bdhU

Fjpfhiy Bghl;L JhA;FfpwJ.

xU ifia ed;whf jiuf;F Beh;

Bky; Behf;fp itj;Jk; tpuy;fis

mjhtJ fl;ltpuiy ehd;F

tpuy;fSf;Fs; EiHj;jg;go

itj;J klf;fp JhA;FfpwJ.

nd;bdhU ifiaa[k; mBj Bghy

tapw;wpd; Bky; itj;J fl;ltpuiy

kw;w tpuYf;Fs; itj;jg;go jhd;

JhA;FfpwJ.

45.Mk; ehs;

FHe;ij gpwe;J 45 tJ ehs;

nA;f; vd;W brhy;y

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.gpwF ed;whf if

fhy;fis cijj;Jf; bfhz;L

tpisahLfpwJ. mof;fo nA;f;

brhy;fpwJ. FHe;ijapd; mg;gh

re;Bjhrg;gLfpwhh;. vd; FHe;ij

ng;gBt nA;f; brhy;fpwBj vd;W.

tsu tsu ey;y mwpt[s;s

nA;f; brhy;y Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

gps;isah tUk; vd;W brhy;ypf;

bfhz;L FHe;ijf;F tpisahl;Lf;

fhl;Lfpwhh;.

46.Mk;ehs; FHe;ij ey;y MBuhf;fpaj;Jld;

tpisahLfpwJ. mg;gh Fuiy

nd;Dk; g[hpatpy;iy. mk;kh

Fuy; ed;whfBt bjhpa

tUfpwJ.FHe;ijia bjhl;oypy;

Bghl;Ltpl;L bjhl;oDs;

tpisahl;Lg; bghk;ikia

bjhA;ftpl;L FHe;ijaplk;

brhy;fpwhh; mk;kh.jk;gp

bghk;ikiag; ghh;j;J

tpisahlfpl;L nUg;gh, ehd;

tUfpBwd; vd;W. ne;j FHe;ij

mHhky; jhdhf if fhy;fis

cijj;Jf; bfhz;L

tpisahofpl;L nUe;jJ. jpobud

mk;kh rj;jj;ij Bfl;L mH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. clBd Vdg;gh

mHu ehd; nBjh tBud; vd;W

brhy;ypfpl;Bl FHe;ijia te;J

Jhf;fp tpisahl;L fhl;o

kUgoa[k; bjhl;lypy; Bghl;Ltpl;L

bry;fpwhh;. jha; rj;jk;

jpobud Bfl;lhy; clBd mH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

nA;f; nA;f; vd;W mof;fo

brhy;fpwJ.

47. Mk; ehs; FHe;ij mof;fo if fhy;fis

cijj;Jf; bfhz;L

tpisahLfpwJ.xU ifia

jiyf;F Beh; BkBy ePl;oa[k;,

mJt[k; fl;ltpuiy ehd;F

tpuy;fSf;Fs; EiHj;J

nUf;fkhf }Kof; bfhz;Lk;,

ifia tapw;wpd; BkYk; beq;rpd;

BkYk; klf;fp itj;J

JhA;FfpwJ.CA;, CA; vd;W

xypia vGg;gpfpl;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ. JhA;Fk;BghJ

Fjpfhypd; fhy;Bky; nd;bdhU

Fjpfhiy itj;Jf; bfhz;L

jhd; JhA;FfpwJ. ahuhtJ

rj;jk; Bghl;lhy; jpobfd

gag;gLfpwJ. FHe;ijia

koapy; itj;jpUe;J gpwF fPBH

Bghl;lhy; mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

Vd; vd;W Bfl;lhy; mk;khtpd;

rhuk; ciuj;Jtpl;lJ

mjdhy;jhd; vdr; brhy;fpwhh;.

gpwF FHe;ijia Jhf;fp koapy;

itj;Jf; bfhz;Bl fhy;fis

Ml;o Ml;o tpisahl;Lf;

fhl;Lfpwhh;.

nA;f;,CA;,CA; vd;W rj;jk;

Bghl;L csWfpwJ.

48.Mk;ehs; FHe;ij ed;whf tpisahLfpwJ.

Rpy rkaA;fspy; FHe;ij jhdhf

tpisahLfpwJ.jha;f;fhuh;,

bghWika[ld; tPl;L Btiyfis

bra;fpwhh;.gpd;g[k; te;J

Btiyfis bra;a

Muk;gpf;fpwhh;.

49.Mk;ehs;; FHe;ij xt;bthU ehSk; xBu

khjphpahd bray;Kiwfis

bra;fpwJ. FHe;ij mof;fo

JhA;fpf;bfhz;Bl jhd;

nUf;fpwJ. FHe;ij rpWePh;

Bghdt[ld; mKfpwJ.grp

te;jhYk; mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

clBd mk;kh te;J FHe;ijia

Jhf;fp BtW Jzpfis khw;wp

Bghl;L FHe;ijia gLf;f

itf;fpwhh;.

50. Mk;ehs;

FHe;ij ey;y

MBuhf;fpaj;JlDk;,

cw;rhfj;JlDk; if fhy;fis

cijj;J ed;whf tpisahLfpwJ.

ahh; Bgr;R bfhLj;jhYk; ey;yh

ftdpf;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ. mg;gh

mk;kh rj;jk; Bfl;lhy; mH

bra;fpwJ. nUtUk; FHe;ijia

ftdpf;fpwhh;fs;. mof;fo nA;f;

vd;Wk; CA;, CA; vd rj;jk;

BghlLfp;l;Bl if fhy;fis

ed;whf cijj;J irf;fpy;

mof;fo nA;f;, CA; CA; vd

rj;jk; Bghl;Lfpl;Bl if

fhy;fis cijj;Jf;

bfhs;fpwJ.

kpjpg;gJ Bghy; thia

jpwe;Jf;bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ.

FHe;ij mof;fo JhA;fp

bfhz;Bl nUf;fpwJ. FHe;ijia

Fspahl;l ghl;o Jhf;fp bfhz;L

Bgha; Fspay; bra;jhy; Rlhd

bte;ePiu Cw;wpdhYk; , R{L

ny;yhky; Cw;wpdhYk; mHhky;

mg;goBa mth;fs; vg;go

FHe;ijia fhypy; gLf;f

itf;fpwBsh mBj epiyapy;

jhd; gLj;jpUf;fpwJ. gpwF

FHe;ijia fhypy; epkph;j;jpg;

Bghl;L mA;Bfa[k; if

fhy;fis cijj;Jf; bfhz;L

jhd; Fspf;fpwJ. kWgo

Fg;g[wg;gLf;fg; Bghl;L

Fspahl;odhy; if fhy;fis

cij;Jf; bfhs;s Koahky;

mg;goBa fhypy; gLj;jpUf;fpwJ.

Fspay; bra;a[k; BghJk;, JhA;Fk;

BghJk; , tpisahLk; BghJk;

if tpuy;fis ed;whf nUf;fkh

Kof;bfhz;L nUf;fpwJ.

mk;khtpd; koapBya[k; ghl;o

koapBya[k; mg;ghtpd;

koapBya[k; BtW

ahhplkhapUe;jhYk; tpuy;fis

klf;fpd khjpupBajhd;

nUf;fpwJ.

51.Mk;ehs; FHe;ij xBu khjpup jhd;

bra;if bra;fpwJ. xBu

mikg;gpy; bray;Kiwfs;

eilbgWtjhy;, FHe;ijia

jha;fhuh; ftd;f;fpwhh; vd;whYk;,

me;j FHe;ij ed;whfBt

MBuhf;fpaj;Jld;

tpisahLfpwJ. FHe;ijia

Jhf;fpf; bfhz;L mk;kh

mg;ghtplk; bry;fpwhh;. me;j

FHe;ijia ed;whfBt

bray;Kiwg;gLj;jg;gl;L

tpisahLfpwJ.Mifahy;

FHe;ijia Kd;BDw;wj;Jld;

jha;fhuh; ftdpj;jhuhYk; xBu

bray;Kiwfis bfhz;L

tpisahLfpwJ.thiaj; jpwe;Jf;

bfhz;L rphpf;fpwJ.if fhy;fis

cijj;Jf; bfhz;L

tpisahLfpwJ.

aA;,CA; vd;W csWfpwJ.

52.Mk;ehs; FHe;ijia Fspahl;o bjhl;oypy;

BghLk; BghJ FHe;ij jha;

Kfj;ijg; ghh;j;J

rphpf;fpwJ.rpwpJ Beuk; fHpj;J

mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ. clBd

mk;kh te;J bjhl;oiy Ml;o

bfhz;Bl jhyhl;Lg; gho

FHe;ijia JhA;f itf;fpwhA;f,

bte;ePu; Cw;wp Fspg;ghl;o JhA;f

MA; CA; vd;W fj;JfpwJ.

itg;gjhy; xU kzp Beuk;

tiuf;Fk; Tl JhA;FfpwJ. grp

te;jhy; kl;Lk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwjhk; . jha; FHe;ijia

Jhf;fp grpiag; Bghf;fp kWgoa[k;

bjhl;oypy; Bghl;L JhA;f itj;J

tpl;L mts; tPl;L Btiyfisf;

ftdpf;fpd;whs;.

53.Mk;ehs; FHe;ij jha; Kfj;ija[k;

mLj;jth; Kfj;ija[k;

milahsk;

fz;Lf;bfhs;fpwJ.mk;kh Fuiy

ed;whf g[hpe;J

itj;Js;sJ.mLj;jth; Fuy;

Bfl;lhy; ed;whf cw;W

Behf;FfpwJ.mg;ghtpd; rj;jk;

Bfl;lhy; BghJk; clBd mH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.clBd mg;gh

te;J FHe;ijia Jhf;fp

bfhq;Rfpwhh;. FHe;ij mHhky;

mg;ghit ghh;j;J bfhz;Bl

rpf;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ. gpwF

mk;kh FHe;ijia thA;fp

bfhs;fpwhhs;. FHe;ij

mGfpwJ. mg;gh ehd;

nA;BfjhBdg;gh nUf;fpBwd;.

ehd; vA;Bfa[k; Bghfiyg;gh

vd;W brhy;ypf;bfhz;Bl

kWgoa[k; FHe;ijia Jhf;fp

CA;,CA; vd if fhy;fis

cijj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ.

koapy; itj;J bfhq;Rfpwhh;.

mk;kh gf;fj;jpBy cl;fhh;e;J

ghh;j;Jf; bfhz;Bl mtUk;

Brh;e;J tpisahl;L fhl;Lfpwhh;.

if fhy;fis ed;whf cijj;Jf;

bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ.

mk;khit tpl mg;gh Bky; jhd;

mjpf ghrkhf nUf;fpwjhk;,

FHe;ijapd; mk;kht[k;

brhy;fpwhA;f, mg;ght[k;

brhy;fpwhh;.

54.Mk; ehs;

ne;j FHe;ij mof;fo JhA;fpf;

bfhz;Ljhd;

nUf;fpwJ.vg;bghKJ

Btz;LkhdhYk; fz; tpHpj;Jf;

bfhz;L mk;khitg; ghh;j;J

rphpf;fpwJ.gfypy; bfhq;r Beuk;

jhd; JhA;FfpwJ. nutpYk; mBj

khjpupjhd; nUe;jhYk;

gfiytpl nutpy; bfhq;rk;

TLjyhfBt JhA;FfpwJ. xU

rpy FHe;ijfs; nutpy; gpwe;j

FHe;ijfs; gfypy; ed;whf

JhA;Fkhk;.gfypy; gpwe;j

FHe;ijfs; nutpy; ed;whf

JhA;;;Fkhk;. Mdhy; ne;j

FHe;ijfs; vg;g Btz;LkhYk;

JhA;FfpwJ.vg;g Btz;LkhYk;

fz; tpHpj;J ghh;f;fpwJ. mof;fo

if fhy;fis cijj;Jf;

bfhs;fpwJ. ey;y tpisahlt[k;

bra;fpwJ. mk;khit rpy rkak;

ghh;f;Fk; BghJ re;Bjhrj;Jld;

ghh;j;J rpupj;Jf; bfhz;Bl if

fhy;fis cijj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ.

55.Mk;ehs; FHe;ijf;F grp te;jJk; mH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. FHe;ij

mGk;BghJ A;fauA;fh

A;fauA;fh vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L

mGfpwJ. clBd FHe;ijia

Jhf;fp bfhz;L Vk;gh Vk;gh Bj

te;JBlk;gh vd;W brhy;ypf;

bfhz;Bl FHe;ijia koapy;

itj;J bfhs;fpwhhs;. me;j

FHe;ij mGtij epWj;jp tpl;L

jhapd; Kfj;ijg; ghh;f;fpwJ.

jha; FHe;ij gf;fj;jpBy gLf;f

itj;J mGtij

epWj;jptpLfpwhs;. tapW

epiwe;jgpwF FHe;ij mGtij

epWj;jptpl;lJ.

A;fauA;fh, a;fauA;fh vd

mGfpwJ.

56.Mk;ehs; FHe;;ijia J]f;fp cl;fhu

itj;jhy; jiy MofplBl

nUf;fpwJ.jhaplk; Bfl;ljw;F,

mth; brhy;fpwhh;, K}d;W khjk;

tiu jiy epiyapy;yhky;

Mofpl;Bljhd; nUf;Fk;. K}d;W

khjk; Koe;jgpwF jhd;

FHe;ijia cl;fhu itj;jhy;

jiy Mlhky; epiyahf

me;j A;fh vd;w xypiaa[k;

vGg;g[fpwJ.

nUf;Fk;. FHe;ijia epw;f

itj;jhYk; jiy Mlhky;

epw;fpwjhk;. FHe;ij if

fhy;fis cijj;Jf; bfhz;L

tpisahLfpwJ. mk;kh mg;gh

nUtUk; FHe;ijia

ftdpf;fpwhh;fs;.

57.Mk; ehs; FHe;ijia Fspahl;o J]A;f

itj;jhy; ed;whf mah;e;J

J]A;FfpwJ. J}]A;Fk; BghJ

rphpj;Jf; bfhz;Bl J]A;Ffp;wJ.

njw;Fg; bgah; ehpbkyl;L

(fdt[)vd;W

brhy;fpwhhfs;.FHe;ij JhA;fp

vGe;jt[ld; mGfpwJ.jha;

FHe;ijf;F grpia Bghf;fp

kWgoa[k; JhA;f itf;fpwhs;.

FHe;ij ed;whfBt JhA;FfpwJ.

ehk; rj;jk; Bghl;lhy; clBd

tpHpj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ. rpy

BeuA;fspy; tpHpj;jt[ld;

mGfpwJ. rpy Beuk; fz;

tpHpj;jt[ld; thia jpwe;J fpsp

khjpup if fhy;fis cijj;Jf;

bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ.

FHe;ij mg;ghitg; ghh;j;jt[ld;

Btfkhf mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

mg;gh FHe;ijia Jhf;fp

bfhs;fpwhh;.

FHe;ijf;F brhl;L kUe;J

aA;, aA;, aA;, CA;, CA;, vd;W

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

BghLk; BghJ brhl;L kUe;J

rhg;gpLg;gh vd;W brhy;yp

FHe;ijf;F bfhLf;fpwhh;fs;.

FHe;ij at;, at;, at;, vd;W

thiaj; jpwe;J rphpf;fpwJ.

kUe;J thapy; gl;lt[ld;

rg;g[f;bfhl;o rhg;gpLfpwJ.

if fhy;fis ePl;o tpisahlt[k;

bra;fpwJ.

mBj rkak; jhapd; koapy;

jiyia cUl;oa[k;

tpisahLfpwJ. aA;, aA;, aA;,

CA;, CA;, vd;W rj;jk;

Bghl;Lfpl;Bl if fhy;fis

cijj;J gpd;dpf;bfhz;L

tpisahLfpwJ.

58Mk; ehs; nuz;L iffisa[k; jiyf;F

Bky; J]f;fp CA;, cA;, cA;, CA;,

CA;, rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ. rpwpJ Beuk;

fHpj;J auA;, auA;, vd;W ifia

kWgoa[k; jiyf;F Bky; J}]f;fp

Xf;Bfh, Xt;, auA;, CA;, auA;

vd;W mjpf Btfkhf rj;jk;

Bghl;L tpisahLfpwJ.

ahuhtJ rj;jk; Bghl;lhy; me;jg;

gf;fk; jpUk;gpg; ghh;f;fpwJ.

ghy; Fof;Fk; bghGJ mk;khtpd;

Briyia gpoj;Jf;bfhz;L ghy;

Fof;fpd;wJ. mk;khtpd; Bky;

cA;, cA;, cA;

CA;, CA;, vd;W rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. rpwpJ Beuk;

fHpj;J auA;, auA;, vd;Wk;

Xf;Bfh, Xt;, auA;, CA;, auA;

vd;W mjpBtfkhf rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

ifia itj;jJ fhy;fisg;

gpd;dpf;bfhz;L Fof;fpwJ.

59 Mk; ehs; jhapd; koapy; FHe;ijia

cl;fhu itj;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;.

fhy;fisa[k; iffisa[k; ePl;oa[k;,

ifia fhy; tiu ePl;oa[k;

J]A;FfpwJ. jpObud rphpf;fpwJ.

FHe;ijia fPBH gLf;f

itj;jhy; ifia fz;zj;jpy;

itj;J J]A;FfpwJ. J}]A;Fk;

BghJ rphpf;fpwJ. (ehpbkyl;L)

njw;F bgah; fdt[ vd;Wk;

brhy;thh;fs;. JhA;Fk; nU

iffisa[k; nWf;f

K}of;bfhz;Lk; Beuh itj;Jk;

JhA;FfpwJ. rpy rkaA;fspy;

ifia BkBy Jhf;fpd khjpup

bra;J gpwF fPBH Bghl;Lk;

JhA;FfpwJ.

60 Mk; ehs; Rpy rkaA;fspy; FHe;ij

J]A;fpf;bfhz;L nUf;Fk; BghJ

thiaj; jpwe;J bfhl;lhtp

tpLfpwJ. J]A;Fk; BghJ

fz;fis ghjp jpwe;jgoBa

J]A;fpwJ. mg;go J]A;Fk;BghJ

ckpH;ePh; Kl;il Kl;ilahf

btsptUfpwJ. Rpy rkaA;fspy;

thiaj; jpwe;j goa[k; J]A;FfpwJ.

jha; Bgr;Rf; bfhLj;jhy;

MA;, nA;, cA;, vd;W xypia

vGg;gp tpisahLfpwJ.

jha; FHe;ijapd; gf;fj;jpy;

gLj;J Bgr;Rf; bfhLj;jhy;

FHe;ij jhapd; Kfj;ijg;

ghh;j;J rphpj;J

tpisahLfpwJ.bgUk;ghyhd

FHe;ij JHA;Fk; BghJ xU

ifia jiyf;F Beuh itj;Jk; ,

xU ifia fhy;fSf;F Beuh

ePl;oa[k; JhA;FfpwJ. rpy

rkaA;fspy; FHe;ij mah;e;J

JhA;Fk; BghJ mg;goBa

mirahky; JhA;FfpwJ.

fhy;fisa[k; iffisa[k;

klf;fpa[k; ePl;oa[k; mirt[

jd;ika[ld; JhA;FfpwJ. xU

rpy BeuA;fspy; if tpuy;fis

JhA;Fk;BghJ tha;f;Fs;

EiHj;jg;go JhA;FfpwJ. ghjp

Jhf;fj;jpy; tpuiy ePl;oa[k;

klf;fpa[k; JhA;FfpwJ. JhA;fp

bfhz;L nUf;Fk;BghBj

jpobud;W fj;j

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.FHe;ijf;F grpia

Bghf;fp JhA;f itf;fpd;whs;.

FHe;ijia Fspay; bra;J

bgslh; Bghl;L bghl;L itj;J

kfsplk; FHe;ijia

bfhLf;fpd;whs;. FHe;ijia

Bjhy;kPJ flj;jp epd;W bfhz;L

FHe;ijia jl;o bfhLj;J JhA;f

itf;fpwhs;. FHe;ij jpobud

vGe;J mk;khit ghh;f;fpwJ.

mk;kh rphpf;fpwhs;. gpwF

bjhl;oypy; Bghl;L JhA;f

itf;fpwhh;. FHe;ij JhA;fpl;L

nUf;Fk; BghJ jpobud xU

rj;jk; tUfpwJ. vd;d vd;W

ghh;j;jhy; ifia klf;fpa[k;

cliya[k;, fhy;fis Bky;

Behf;fp tisj;J KWf;fpd

khjphp Brhk;Bgwpj;jdkhf bra;J

kWgoa[k; JhA;FfpwJ. FHe;ij

JhA;fp fz; tpHpj;jt[ld; jha;

BgRk; BghJ jpwe;J ed;whf

rpupf;fpwJ. if fhy;fis

cijj;J tpisahLfpwJ. grp

te;jhy; clBd mH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. jha; FHe;ijia

Jhf;fp Bgr;rp bfhLj;Jf;

bfhz;Bl ghy; bfhLf;fpd;whs;.

me;j FHe;ij ed;whf

Fof;fpd;wJ. gpwF jha; Bgr;rp

Bfl;L MA;, nA;, cA; vd;W

xypia vGg;gp tpisahLfpwJ.

mjd; gpwF FHe;ijia

gLf;ifapy; flj;Jk; BghJ jha[k;

gf;fj;jpy; gLj;J Bgr;R

bfhLf;fpd;whs;. FHe;ij jhapd;

Kfj;ij ghh;j;J rpupj;Jf;

bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ. rpy

rkaA;fspy; mGJf; bfhz;Bl

rpupf;fpwJ.

61.Mk; ehs; jha; Bgr;Rf; bfhLf;Fk; BghJ

jhapd; Kfj;ij FHe;ij

ghh;fpwJ.J]A;Fk; BghJ if

tapw;wpd; Bky; itj;J tpuy;fis

klf;fpa[k; J]A;FfpwJ.tyJ

ifia jiyf;F Bky; Beuh ePlo

tpuy;fis klf;fpa[k;, nlJ

ifia beq;rpd; Bky; itj;J

ghjp fz;iz K}odg; goa[k;

ghjp fz;iz jpwe;Jk;

J]A;FfpwJ. J]A;Fk;BghJ

FHe;ij thapd; Bky; cjl;il

Bky; Bky; Behf;fpa[k; fPH;

cjl;il me;j Bky; cjl;ow;F

fPBHa[k; ghjp K}od khjphpa[k;

ghjp jpwe;j khjphpa[k; J}}]A;FfpwJ.

kzpf;fzf;fpy;

J]A;FfpwJ.vGe;jt[ld; mH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

E

62. Mk; ehs;

FHe;ij nuz;L khjk;

Koe;jt[ld; xU gf;fkh g[uy

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. xUf;fypj;Jg;

gLj;jg;goBa thapy; tpuiy

itj;J fhiy Bky; Behf;fp

J]f;fp mg;goBa cw;W

ghh;f;fpwJ. nuz;L fhy;fisa[k;

khw;wp khw;wp cijj;Jf; bfhz;L

tpisahLfpwJ. xU ifia

thapy; itj;J nd;bdhU ifia

Bky; ePl;oa[k; nuz;L iffisa[k;

fhy;fisa[k; klf;fp bfhzL

mHfhf itj;J RUl;o

itj;jg;goBa

Fg;g[wg;gLj;Jf;bfhs;s

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. xU fz;iz

mKf;fdg;goBa Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;s

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.Kjypy; FHe;ij

tyJ g[wkhfj; jhd;

Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;s Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

63. Mk; ehs; jha; FHe;ijaplk; Bgr;Rf;

bfhLj;jhy; thia jpwe;J

ed;whf rphpf;fpwJ. FHe;ijapd;

fhypy; cs;s efA;fis gy;yhy;

fof;fpwBghJ, FHe;ij iffis

thapy; itj;jg;goBa nUf;fpwJ.

if fhy;fis ed;whf cijj;J,

fhy;fis tphpj;jg;go

tpisahLfpwJ.rkaj;jpy;, if

fhy;fis klf;fpa[k; ePl;oa[k;

tpisahLfpwJ. mk;kh Fuy;

Bfl;lhy; clBd cw;W

Behf;FfpwJ.

FHe;ij ed;whf

tpisahLfpwJ BghJ nA;,

f;h;, f;fh;, f;h; vd;W rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

64.Mk; ehs; FHe;ijia xBu nlj;jpy; gLf;f

itj;jhy; mBj nlj;jpy;

gLf;fhky; ehd;F gf;fKk;

jpUk;gpj; jpUk;gp, RHd;W RHd;W

ve;j thf;fpy; BtzLbkd;whYk;

RHd;W bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ.

mk;kh mg;gh Bgr;Rf;

bfhLj;jhy; jpUk;gp mg;ghitg;

ghh;f;fpwJ, mg;gh brhy;tij

ftdpf;fpwJ.

CA; CA; vd;W rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

65.Mk; ehs;

FHe;ijia J}}]f;fp Kj;jk;

bfhLj;jhy; BtW gf;fk; jpUk;gpg;

ghh;f;fpwJ. FHe;ij gf;fj;jpy;

mg;gh nUe;jhy; mg;ghitBa

jpUk;gpg; ghh;f;fpwJ. ve;BeuKk;

thia jpwe;jg; goBa

tpisahLffpwJ. mg;gh mk;kh

tpisahl;Lf;fhl;odhy;

FHe;ija[k; Brh;e;J

tpisahLfpwJ.

66.Mk; ehs; FHe;ijaplk; jha; brhy;fpwhs;

thapy; ifia itf;fhBjg;gh

vd;W. FHe;ij Bfl;ftpy;iy,

fhy;fis buhk;gt[k; Bky;

Behf;fp itj;jg;goBa

tpisahLfpwJ. mk;kh

FHe;ijia koapy; itj;J ghy;

bfhLf;Fk; BghJ, xU ifia

jd;Dila jiyapy; Bky; klf;fp

itj;Jf;bfhz;Lk;, jiyia

Ca;A;, Ca;A;;, f;h;, f;h; vd;W

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

brhwpe;Jf; bfhz;Lk;, ghy;

Fof;fpwJ. ghy; Foj;jg; gpwF

ifia jiyapy; ePl;o

tpisahLfpwJ. FHe;ijia

koapy; epw;f itj;J Kj;jk;

bfhLf;fpwhs;. FHe;ij

gpd;Bdhf;fp jiyia rha;j;jg;go

itj;Jf;bfhs;fpwJ. FHe;ijia

fPBH Bghl;lhy; re;Bjhrkhf

tpisahLfpwJ.

67.Mk; ehs; FHe;ij fhy;fis jhdhfBt

tapw;wpd; Bky; J]f;fp itj;Jf;

bfhz;L, ifia BkBy J]f;fp

tpisahLfpwJ. ve;j BeuKk;

FHe;ijapd; thapypUe;J ckpH; ePh;

(vr;rpy;) Eiu Eiuahf te;Jf;

bfhz;Bl nUf;fpwJ.

Kjypy; FHe;ij nlJ ifia

thapy; itj;j goBa tyJ

ifiaa[k; thapy; itj;J

tpisahLfpwJ.

68 Mk; ehs; jha; FHe;ijia koapy; J]f;fp

ghy; bfhLf;Fk; BghJ thapy;

xU rj;jk; vGg;gpf; bfhz;Bl

mjhtJ CA;, CA;, vd;W rj;jk;

Bghl;Lf;bfhz;Bl Fof;fpwJ.

vg;BghJ ghh;j;jhYk; nuz;L

iffisa[k; thapy; itj;jg;goBa

tpisahLfpwJ.

jha; FHe;ijaplk; tpisahl;L

fhl;odhy; buhk;gt[k;

re;Bjhrkhf nA;f;, nA;f; vd;W

rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;fpl;L mk;khit

cw;Wf; ftdpf;fpwJ. FHe;ij

nuz;L ifiaa[k; nUf;fkhf

Kof;bfhz;L fl;iltpuiy

ifapd; cs;gf;fj;jpy; itj;Jk;

kPjp tpuy;fis me;j tpuy;fis

me;j tpuy;fspd; cs;Bs

gog;goahf klf;fp itj;Jf;

bfhs;fpwJ.

CA;, CA;, vd;W rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

nA;f;, nA;f; vd;W brhy;fpwJ.

69Mk; ehs; FHe;ij mGk; BghJ jha;

FHe;ijaplk; Bgr;Rf; bfhLj;J

tpisahl;L fhl;odhy;, me;jf;

FHe;ij jhia ghh;f;fpwJ.

jhapd; Kfj;ijg; ghh;f;fpwJ.

jhapd; Bgr;ir EZf;fkhf

ftdpf;fpwJ. rpy rkaA;fspy;

FHe;ij mGk; BghJk; nA;f,;

FHe;ij mof;fo nA;f; vd;W

brhy;fpwJ. jha; Bgr;Rf;

bfhLj;jhy; t;tha;, A;fha; vd

Fuy; bfhLf;fpwJ.

nA;f; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L

mGfpwJ.

fhy;fisa[k; iffisa[k;

klf;fpa[k; ePl;oa[k; tpisahLfpwJ.

jha; Bgr;Rf; bfhLj;jhy; ne;j

FHe;ij t;tha;, A;fha; vd

Fuy; bfhLf;fpwJ.

70 Mk; ehs; jha; jhyhl;L ghodhy;

iftpuy;fis ed;whf nUf;f

K}of;bfhz;L rj;jk; BghLtij

epUj;jptpLfpwJ. kWgoa[k;

rj;jk;Bghl;L fj;JfpwJ. ghy;

bfhLj;J koapy; gLf;f

itj;jhy; rj;jk; Bghlhky;

mikjpahf goj;jpUf;fpwJ.

J]A;Fk; BghJ ifia

nuz;ila[k; nUf;fkh

K}of;bfhz;L J]A;FfpwJ.

71.Mk; ehs;

if tpuy;fisa[k;, fhy;

tpuy;fisa[k; ePl;oePl;o, klf;fp

klf;fp ed;whf ifat[k; fhy;

gf;fkhf ePl;oa[k; jiyf;F Bky;

J]f;fpa[k; fhiya[k; ePl;oa[k;

tpisahLfpwJ. jha;

FHe;ijaplk; Bgr;Rf;bfhLj;jhy;

thia fpsp khjphp mHfh jpwe;J

rphpf;fpwJ. jha; FHe;ijia

Fspay; bra;fpwBghJ, rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. CA;, aA;fha; na;

CA;, a;A;fha; nA; vd rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

vd;W. mg;gh mk;kh rj;jk;

BghLtijg; ghh;j;J FHe;ij

rj;jk; BghLtij epUj;jp

tpLfpwJ. brhl;L kUe;J

BghLk;BghJ if tpuiy ePl;o

ePl;o ed;whf mGfpwJ.

72.Mk; ehs; FHe;ijapd; fhjpy; tpGk;

mstpw;F ahuhtJ rj;jk;

Bghl;lhy; ifat[k; fhyt[k;

jpbud;W Jof;fr;bra;J

gag;gLfpwJ. J]A;Fk; BghBj

fhy;fis nuz;ila[k;

Fjpf;fhYf;F Beuh itj;Jk;

Kf;Bfhz totpy; itj;Jk;

J]A;FfpwJ; mg;goBa

mirahkYk; J]a;FfpwJ. rpy

BeuA;fspy; ne;j FHe;ij

J]A;fhky; rpupj;Jf; bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ. fhy;fis

nuz;ila[k; Fj;Jf;fhypl;L xU

ifia ePl;oa[k;, nd;bdhU

ifia klf;fpa[k; tpisahLfpwJ.

mBj rkaj;jpy; CA;, CA;

vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

gf;fj;jpy; te;J mg;gh

cl;fhh;e;jhy; FHe;ij jhdhfg;

ghh;j;J rpupj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ.

CA;, CA; vd rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

73.Mk; ehs; FHe;ij xU g[wkhfj;jhd; jpUk;gp

xUf;fypj;J Mf;Mt;fh;, A;fh;t;,

fh;t;, CA;fh;t; vd;W fz;lg;go

rj;jk; BghLfpl;Bl

tpisahfpwJ. mg;gh

FHe;ijaplk; te;J cl;fhh;e;J

Bgr;rpf; bfhLf;fpwhh;, lhl; lhl;

vd;W Bej;jpf;F brhd;dpBa,

nd;iwf;F Vk;gh

brhy;ytpy;iyah vd;W. FHe;ij

fhyhy; mg;ghit cijf;fpwJ.

FHe;ij xU fhiy nd;bdhU

fhy;kPJ Brhh;j;J xU ifia

thapy; itj;Jk; nd;bdhU

ifia nLg;gpw;F Beuh itj;J

tpisahLfpwJ. jpobu mg;gh

FHe;ijiaj; J]f;fp Kj;jk;

bfhLf;fpwhh;. mg;BghJ

mg;ghitg; ghh;j;J FHe;ij mg

vd;W brhy;fpwJ. clBd

mg;ghtpw;Bf Mr;rupakhf

nUe;jJ. CA;, CA; vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ.

f;h;, f;h;, f;h;, f;h; vdW

brhy;fpwJ. CA; CA; vd;Wk;

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. 73 Mk;

ehs; ele;j naf;fA;fs;

bray;Kiwfs;.

74.Mk; ehs; FHe;ij jpobud ghl;oiag;

ghh;j;J rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. CA;

CA; A;, A; vd;W.mk;khtpd;

jiyapy; cs;s nuz;L

iffshYk; gpoj;J thapy; itj;J

fof;fpwJ. ghl;o FHe;ijia

J]f;fp tpisahl;Lf;

CA;, CA;, A;,A;, mLj;J

Ca;A;, Ca;A; nUf;fkhf

K}f;ifg; gpoj;J fof;fpwJ.

fhl;Lk;bghGJ ghl;oapd; jiy

Koiafof;fpwJ ghl;oapd; K}f;if

gpoj;Jk; fof;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

75.Mk;; ehs;;

FHe;ijaplk; mk;kh brhy;whA;f,

eP mog;gh ghl;oia mog;gh

vd;W. FHe;ij ghl;o gf;fkh

jpUk;gp rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

75tJ ehs; jhd; FHe;ij

xUf;fypj;J gLf;ft[k;

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. tyJ

g[wkhfj;jhd; Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;s

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. mJ tyJ

ifia klf;f;pa[k; tyJ fz;iz

K}oa[k; mg;goBa xUf;fypf;fpwJ.

Kjypy; Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;Sk; BghJ

clk;g[ Mo Mo

xUf;fypf;fpwJ. rkaj;jpy;

jiyia jiuapBy

Bkhjpf;bfhs;st[k; bra;fpwJ.

gpwF mHt[k; bra;fpwJ.

xUf;fypj;jg; gpwF CA; CA;

vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

CA;,CA; vd;W rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

76.Mk; ehs;

FHe;ij jha; Fuy; Bfl;L

jpobud gf;fkh jpUk;gp gLj;Jf;

bfhs;fpwJ. jhaplk; Bgrt[k;

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. CdA;, CdA;

CA; vd;W fj;JfpwJ. jpobud

FHe;ij jhia tpl;L ghl;oaplk;

jht[fpwJ. FHe;ijia ghl;o

CdA;, CdA; CA; vd;W

fj;JfpwJ.

jk;gp jk;gp vd;W Tg;gpl;lhy;

FHe;ija[k; CA;, CA; vd;W

rj;jk; Bghl;Lbfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ. jha;fhuh;

FHe;ijia tpl;L J]u

brd;Wtpl;L kWgoa[k;

FHe;ijaplk; te;J cl;fhh;e;jhy;,

me;j FHe;ij rl;ilia ifapy;

gpoj;J tpisahLfpwJ.

77.Mk; ehs;

FHe;ijia bjhl;oypy; Bghl;L

J]A;f itj;jhy; me;j FHe;ij

xU g[wkhf xUf;fypj;J

gLj;jpUf;fpwJ. FHe;ij a{hpd;

Bghdt[ld; mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

jpobud mg;gh te;J FHe;ijia

J]f;fp Vk;gh mHw vd;W

Bfl;fpwhh;, clBd mGtij

epWj;jptpLfpwJ. mk;khtplk;

FHe;ijia bfhLf;fpwhh;.

FHe;ij mH Muk;gpj;jJ.

kWgoa[k; mg;gh J]f;fpdhy;

FHe;ij mHtij epWj;jptpl;lJ.

78.Mk; ehs; FHe;ij nuz;liu khjj;jpw;Fk;

gpwF mof;fo xUf;fypj;Jf;

bfhs;fpwJ. tpuiy thapy;

itj;J rg;g[f;bfhl;o

tpisahLfpwJ. FHe;ijf;F

Bth;fpd;wbghGJ Bgid

Bghl;lhy; FHe;ij if fhy;fis

mof;fo nA;, CA;, A;f;, f;h;,

f;h;CA; thapy; tUtij

cswpfpl;Bl tpisahLfpwJ.

cijj;Jf; bfhz;L fpsp khjpup

thiaj; jpwe;J cijj;Jf;

bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ. ghjpf;

fz;iz jpwe;jg;goBa

J]A;FfpwJ. ifia nuz;ila[k;

koapd; BkYk;, thapd; BkYk;

itj;Jf;bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ.

79.Mk; ehs; ne;j FHe;ij mk;khit tpl

mg;ghtplk; mjpfkhf fj;jhky;

nUf;fpwJ. rpy rkaA;fspy;

mk;kh Tg;gpl;lhYk;

Bghftpyliy. Miu kzp

Beuk;Tl mHhky; rj;jk;

ny;yhky; J]A;FfpwJ. FHe;ij

J]A;fp VGe;jt[ld; CtA;, CtA;

vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. jha;

tpisahl;Lf; ;fhl;odhy;

jhapd;Bky; fhyhy; khw;wpkhw;wp

cijf;fpwJ. mg;gh

brhy;fpwhh;.jk;gp xU jlit

brhd;dhy; g[upq;fDk;gh,

vd;fpwhh;. ne;j FHe;ij TA;,

TA;, TA; vd;W rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. FHe;ijapd;

gf;fj;jpy; mg;gh cl;fhh;e;Jtpl;L

Bghdhy; clBd mg;ghit

jpUk;gpg; ghh;f;fpwJ.

xUepkplkhtJ ghh;j;Jf;fpl;Bl

nUf;fpwJ.

J]A;fp vGe;jt[ld; CtA;,

CtA; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L

tpisahLfpwJ. TA;, TA;,

TA; vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

80.Mk; ehs; FHe;ij J]A;fp vGe;jt[ld;

mk;kh nUf;Fk; nlj;ij

BjLfpwJ. mk;khit

fz;Lg;gpoj;J tpl;lJ. mg;gh

te;jt[ld; mg;ghtplk; jht[fpwJ.

grpahy;

fj;JfpwJ.grpg;Bghdt[ld;

kWgoa[k; mg;ghtplk; BghfpwJ.

jhapd; Bky; ifia ePl;o fhyhy;

cijj;J tpisahLfpwJ.

grpBghd gpwF mg;ghitg;

ghh;j;J rpupf;fpwJ. FHe;ij f;h;,

f;h;, vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L rphpj;J

tpisahLfpwJ. mg;gh

rl;iliag; gpoj;J

tpisahLfpwJ. FHe;ijia

fPBH gLf;f itj;jhy; clBd

xU g[wkhf xUf;fypf;fpwJ.

CA;,A;A;,CA; vd;W rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. J]A;fp vGe;jt[ld;

fz; tpHpj;J mGfpwJ. Rpy

rkak; J]f;fj;jpBy rphpf;fpwJ.

FHe;ij f;h;, f;h;, vd;W

Bghl;L tpisahLfpwJ.

CA, A;A;,CA; vd;W rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

81. Mk; ehs; FHe;ij mof;fo xUf;fypj;Jg;

gLf;fpwJ. mof;fo nA; CA;

A;f; vd;W tpisahLfpwJ. if

fhy;fis ed;whf cijj;Jf;

bfhs;fpwJ. thia Byrh jpwe;J

ehf;if btspapy; ePl;Lf;fpd;wJ.

xU brfd;l; Tl nUf;fhJ,

clBd cs;Bs nGj;Jf;

mof;fo nA;, CA;, A;f; vd;W

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. nA;, f;h;,

vdt[k; f;h;, f;h; vdt[k;

brhy;fpwJ. f;h;;, CA;, f;h;,

f;h; CA; vd;Wk; csWfpwJ.

mgh vdt[k; brhy;fpwJ.

CA;, CA;, f;h;, CA;, f;f;

vdt[k; csWfpwJ. mgh

bfhs;fpwJ. nA;, f;h; CA; vd

brhy;ypf; bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ. mg;gh Bgr;R

bfhLj;jhy; rkaj;jpy; thia

ed;whf Ftp epiyapy; bfhz;L

C vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

vg;bghGJ ghh;j;jhYk; f;h;, f;h;,

CA; vd;W brhy;ypfpl;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ. mg;gh Bgr;R

bfhLj;jhy; C, C vd

brhy;fpwJ. clBd rphpf;fpwJ.

mof;fo xUf;fypj;Jg;gLf;fpwJ.

mBj rkak; XhpUKiw

xUf;fypf;Fk;BghJ Fg;g[wg;gLf;f

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. mg;goBa

xUf;fypf;Fk;Bghbjy;yhk; f;h;,

CA;, f;h;, f;h; CA; vd;W

cswpfpl;Bl xUf;fypj;J

Fg;g[wg;gLf;f Kaw;rp bra;fpwJ.

FHe;ij jd;idj;jhBd

rphpj;Jf;bfhs;fpwJ. mof;fo

f;h;, f;h;, CA; vd;W

tpisahLfwJ.

vd;Wk; Tg;gpLfpwJ.

82.Mk; ehs;

FHe;ij xUf;fypj;J bfhz;Bl

Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;s Kaw;rp

bra;fpd;wJ. thapy; tpuiy

itj;jg;goBa Kaw;rp bra;fpd;wJ.

rpy rkaA;fspy; jhdhfBt

cswpfpl;Bl mgh, CA, CA;

f;h;, CA;, f;f; vd rj;jk;

mgh vdt[k; CA;, CA;,f;h;,

CA; f;f; vd csWfpwJ.

mgh vd;Wk; Tg;gpLfpwJ.

f;f;, f;f;, f;f; vd;W

csWfpwJ.

BghLfpwJ. mg;ghit mgh

vd;W Tg;gpLfpwJ. Jpobud

FHe;ij epkph;e;J gLj;jpUf;fpwJ.

thapy; tpuiy itj;jg;goBa if

fhy;fis cijj;J cijj;J

irf;fps; kpjpg;gJ Bghy;

cijj;J tpisahLfpwJ. rpwpJ

Beuk; fHpj;J ghh;j;jhy;

xUf;fypj;Jg; gLj;Jf;bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ. mg;gh mk;kh

rj;jk; BghLtij FHe;ij

clBd bew;wpia RUf;fpd khjphp

itj;Jf;bfhz;L ghh;f;fpwJ.

mk;khitg; ghh;j;jJk;

rphpf;fpwJ. ne;j FHe;ij

ifia klf;fp itj;Jf;fpl;Bl

nuz;L fhy;fisa[k; klf;fpd

RUl;odg;go JhA;FfpwJ. f;f;,

f;f;, f;f; vd;W rt[d;l;

vGg;gpfpl;Bl tpisahLfpwJ.

mk;kht[k; Brh;j;J f;f;, f;f;, f;f;

vd;w rj;jj;ij brhy;ypf;

bfhLf;fpwhh;fs;.

83.Mk; ehs; mk;khtpd; Fuy; Bfl;lhy;

FHe;ij clBd jhiaj;

BjLfpwJ. FHe;ij mk;khtpd;

Briyia ey;yh nWf;fkhf

gpoj;Jf;bfhz;Bl ghy;

Fof;fpd;whd;. FHe;ijia fPBH

Bghl;lt[ld; thapy; ifia

CA;, CA;, f;f;, f;f;, f;f;, CA;,

f;h;, f;h; vd rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. CA;, CA;, CA;

rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;bfhz;Bl

ghy; Fof;fpwJ.

itj;J xUf;fypj;J

tpisahLfpwJ. FHe;ijapd;

ifapy; bghk;ikiaf; bfhLj;jhy;

nuz;L ifahYk; bghk;ikia

gpoj;J thapy; itj;J fof;fpwJ.

84.Mk; ehs; FHe;ijf;F bte;ePh; itj;J

Fspahl;ldhy; ed;whf tsh;r;rp

milfpwJ. Miukzp Beuk;

xU kzp Beuk; Tl ed;whf

J]A;FfpwJ. mg;gh Fuy;

Bfl;lhy; clBd mH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. xBu g[wkhf

xUf;fpypj;Jf; bfhz;Bl xU

ifia beq;rpd; Bky; itj;Jk;,

nd;bdhU ifia jiuapByh

my;yJ tpisahl;Lg; bghUl;fs;

vJthf nUe;jhYk; ifahy;

moj;J moj;J tpisahLfpwJ.

kzpf;fzf;fpy; J]A;Ffpd;wJ.

J]A;fp vGe;jt[ld; mH

bra;fpwJ.

bghk;ikia ifapy; itj;J

bfhz;L CA;, fpA; vd;W

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. mof;fo

fpA;, f;h;, vd;Wk; f;,f;f; vd;Wk;

csWfpwJ.

85. Mk; ehs; FHe;ij mof;fo thia Bghl;L

cswpfpl;Bl jhd; nUf;fpwJ.

CA;, CA;, f;h;, f;h;, a;a; vd;Wk;.

if fhy;fis cijj;Jf;

bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ.

jpobud mg;gh ghh;j;jJk;

mGJf;bfhz;Lk;,

rphpj;Jf;bfhz;Lk; mg vd;W

CA;,CA;, f;h;, a;a; vd rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

brhy;ypfl;Bl mg;ghtplk;

bry;fpwJ. mg;gh

rhg;gpLk;BghJ

rhg;ghl;Lj;jl;ilj; nlJ ifahy;

gpoj;J nGf;fpwJ.

86.Mk; ehs; FHe;ij nd;bdhU g[wKk;

xUf;fypj;Jg; gLf;f

Muk;gpf;fp[wJ. CA;, CA;, f;h;,

f;h;, CA;, CA; vd nU

cjLfisa[k; Brh;j;J Ftp

epiyapy; itj;J C, C vd

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. ehSf;Fehs;

FHe;ijapd; clk;g[ jof;ft[k;

bra;fpwJ. FHe;ij mof;fo

if fhy;fis irf;fpy;

kpjpg;gJBghy; Btfkhf

cijj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ. C, C

vdt[k; rphpj;Jf; bfhz;L

(ehpbkyl;Lld;) J]A;FfpwJ.

CA;, CA;, f;h;, C, C,vd

thia Ftp epiyapy; nU

cjLfisa[k; itj;J rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. C,C vdt[k;

rphpj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ.

87.Mk; ehs; FHe;ij jpobud mH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. J]A;fpf;

bfhz;L nUf;Fk;BghJ a{hpd;

Bgha;tpl;lhy; mH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. grp te;J

tpLfpwJ. rpy rkaA;fspy;

jhdhfBt thia Ftp epiyapy;

itj;J C,C vd

brhy;ypf;bfhz;Bl thapy; tpuiy

CA;, CA;, f;h;, f;h; mjpf

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

itj;J tpisahLfpwJ. xU

ifia fhypy; cs;s tpuy;fisg;

gpoj;Jf; bfhz;Lk;,

tpisahLfpwJ. gf;fj;jpy;

ahuhtJ BghdhByh, my;yJ

Btiy bra;jhByh jhdhfBt

FHe;ij jpUk;gpg;ghh;f;fpwJ.

88.Mk; ehs; FHe;ij mof;fo xUf;fypj;Jg;

gLf;fpwJ. mof;fo

nA;,CA;,CA; f;h;, f;h; vd rj;jk;

Bghl;Lfpl;Bl jhd;

tpisahLfpwJ. FHe;ijia

mk;kh jpl;Lfpwhs;. rpwpJ Beuk;

fHpj;J CA; vd;W rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. FHe;ijia

kpul;Lfpwhs;. Vd;d rj;jk;

BghLfpwha; thia K}L vd;W

FHe;ij mk;khit cw;W

ghh;f;fpwJ. kWgoa[k; C,C

vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. rpwpJ

Beuk; fHpj;J FHe;ijf;F

fhf;fhit fhl;o tpisahl;Lf;

fhl;Lfpwhs;. FHe;ij cw;W

ghh;f;fpwJ. mof;fo CA;, CA;

vd;Wk;, f;h;, vd;Wk; xUf;fypj;Jf;

bfhz;Bl csWfpwJ.

mof;fo CA;, CA; vd;Wk;

f;h;, f;h; vd;Wk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

89.Mk; ehs; FHe;ij xU g[wkhf

xUf;fypj;Jf; bfhz;Bl

mk;khtpd; koia jlLfpwJ.

ifahy; jhtpj;jhtp mk;khtpd;

g[litia nGf;fpwJ.

gLj;jpUe;j nlj;jpBy Rw;wp Rw;wp

tUfpwJ. FHe;ij K}d;whtJ

khjj;ij beUA;Fk;BghJ Fg;g[wg;

gLf;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

xUf;fypj;Jf;bfhz;Bl

rphpf;fpwJ. vg;gg;ghh;j;jhYk;

xUf;fypj;Jjhd; gLj;jpUf;fpwJ.

mk;khtpd; koapYk; Tl

xUf;fypj;jg;goBa thapy; ifia

itj;J tpisahLfpwJ.

90.Mk; ehs; mof;fo thapy; te;jijbay;yhk;

cswpfpl;Bl tpisahLfpwJ.

nA;, CA;, CA;, CA;, nA;, f;h;,

f;h;, Ca;, Ca; vd;Wk; csWfpwJ.

J}]A;Fk;BghJ ghjp Beuk;

J]A;fptpl;L, ghjp Beuj;jpy; fz;

tpHpj;jg;goBa tpisahLfpwJ.

nA;, nA;, CA;, CA;, CA;, f;h;,

f;h;, Ca;, Ca; vd;W

csWfpwJ.

91.Mk; ehs; FHe;ij mHfh rphpf;fpwJ.

mBj rkak; mHfh mHt[k;

bra;fpwJ. FHe;ij gpwe;J

bjhd;DU ehs; Md gpwF jhd;

Fg;g[j;Jf; bfhs;s

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. FHe;ij nuz;L

g[wKk; Fg;g[j;J bfhs;fpwJ.

thapy; ifia itj;jg;goBa

xUf;fypj;Jf;bfhs;fpwJ. Kjypy;

tyJ g[wkhfj;jhd; xUf;fypj;Jf;

bfhs;fpwJ. K}d;W khjA;fs;

tiu J]A;fpbfhz;Bljhd;

FHe;ij a{hpd; BghFk;

Bghbjy;yhk; xU rj;jk; CA;,

CA;, CA; vd;W thapy; ghjp

ehf;F btspapy; bjhpa[k;go

itj;Jf;bfhs;fpwJ.

nUf;fpd;wjhk; mof;fo if

fhy;fis irf;fpy; kpjpg;gJ

Bghy; cijj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ.

mg;gh mk;kh rj;jk; Bfl;lJk;

if fhy;fis mirahky;

itj;J gLj;Jf; bfhz;L fhjpy;

thA;fp bfhs;fpwJ. ghy;

Fof;Fk; BghJ nuz;L

iffisa[k; nUf;fkh K}of;

bfhz;L jhd; ghy; Fof;fpd;wJ.

mof;fo Fg;g[j;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ.

the;jp vLj;J tpLfpwJ. beq;rp

typj;jhy; mH Muk;gpf;fwJ.

92.Mk; ehs; FHe;ij J]f;fj;jpw;Ff; fj;jpdhy;

mk;kh FHe;ijf;F ghy;

bfhLj;J bjhl;oypy; Bghl;L

jhyhl;L gho J]A;f itf;fpwhs;.

me;j FHe;ij J]A;fhky;

fz;iz tpHpj;J tpHpj;J

ghh;f;fpwJ. gpwF mH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. mk;kh

bjhl;oiy Ml;o J]A;f

itf;fpwhs;. me;j FHe;ij rpwpJ

Beuk; fHpj;J J]A;fp tpl;ld. xU

kzp Beuk; rj;jk; ny;yhky;

ed;whf J]A;Ffpd;wd. jpObud

mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

vd;dbtd;why;

beul;of;bfhz;Bl (kpuy;fpwJ)

rpWePiuf; fHpj;Jf; bfhz;L gpwF

rpwpJ Beuk; fHpj;J tha;

tpuiy itj;J CA;, CA;, f;h;,

f;h;, f;h; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L

fj;JfpwJ. tpisahl;Lg;

bghUs;fis thapy; itj;J

foj;J fPBH Bghl;L moj;J

ehf;if btspapy; ePl;o CA;,

CA;, CA; vd;W rj;jk;

Bghl;Lf; bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpd;wJ.

J]A;fpf; bfhz;Bl nUf;fpd;wd.

bjhl;oypy; FHe;ij vg;go

J]A;Ffpd;wJ vd;why;, xU ifia

jiyf;F Bky; Beuhft[k;

Ms;fhl;o tpuiy ePl;o, kw;w

tpuy;fis klf;fpa[k; nd;bdhU

if tpuy;fis klf;fpdg;go

koapy; itj;J J]A;Ffpd;wJ.

thapd; Bky; cjl;il fPH;

cjl;oDs; EiHj;jg; go

J]A;Ffpd;wJ. J]A;fpf; bfhz;L

nUf;Fk; bghGJ jpObud;W

rphpf;fpd;wJ. ne;j rphpg;gpw;F

bgah; ehpkpyl;L (fdt[) vd;W

brhy;;fpwhh;fs;. J]A;fp

tpHpj;jt[ld; rj;jkpy;yhky;

bjhl;oypBy xUf;fypj;jg;goBa

tpisahof;bfhz;L nUf;fpd;wd.

FHe;ijf;F ehs; Mf Mf

mf;fk; gf;fj;jpy; cs;sth;fs;

te;jhy; mth;fs; ahh; vd;gijg;

g[hpe;J bfhs;fpd;wJ.

93.Mk; ehs; mk;kh, mg;gh Bgr;R

bfhLj;jhy; ed;whf rphpf;fpd;wJ.

Fg;g[j;Jf; bfhz;L beq;rhy; efu

Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. gLj;jpUf;fpd;w

nlj;jpypUe;Bj efh;e;J efh;e;J

Rw;wp Rw;wp tUfpd;wJ.

mk;kh rikay; miwapy; nUe;J

fpl;Bl rj;jk; BghLfpwhA;f

Ct;, Ct; vd;W brhy;ypfpl;Bl

ghy; Fof;fpd;wJ. FHe;ija[k;

A;f;h;, A;f;h;, A;f;h; vd;W

brhy;ypfpl;Bl nuz;L

iffisa[k; Brh;j;J itj;J

rphpj;J bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpd;wJ. mof;fo

nA;f;, CA;, CA; vd;W

vd;dg;gh bra;fpw vd;W, clBd

mk;kh nUf;Fk; gf;fkhf

bry;fpd;wJ. Fg;g[j;Jf; bfhz;Bl

beq;rhy; efh;e;J bry;fpd;wJ.

tyJ g[wkhft[k; nlJ g[wkhft[k;

xUf;fypj;J Fg;g[j;Jf;

bfhs;fpwJ. beq;rp typ te;jJk;

fj;j Muk;gpf;fpwJ. Bgrpfpl;Bl

FHe;ijia J]f;Ffpd;whs;.

FHe;ij ed;whf rphpf;fpd;wJ.

mk;kh FHe;ijf;F Kj;jk;

bfhLj;J bfhq;Rfpwhs;.

kWgoa[k; gLf;f itf;fpwhs;.

nuz;L iffisa[k; thapy;

itj;J rphpf;fpd;wJ. nuz;L

fhy;fisa[k; Bky; Behf;fp

tisj;jg;gojhd; rphpf;fpd;wJ.

FHe;ijapd; gf;fj;jpBy mk;kh

gLf;fpd;whs;. clBd FHe;ij

jhapd; gf;fkhf jpUk;gp

gLj;Jf;bfhs;fpd;wJ. mk;khtpd;

Bky; ifia itj;J Briyia

nGj;Jf; bfhs;fpd;wJ. gpwF

mk;kh ghy; bfhLf;fpd;whs;.

CA;, CA; vd;W brhy;ypfpl;Bl

ghy; Fof;fpd;wJ. ghy; Foj;j

gpwF ed;whf epkph;e;J gLj;Jf;

bfhz;L fpsp khjphp thiaj;

jpwe;J rphpj;Jf;fpl;Bl fhy;fis

nuz;ila[k; nuz;L iffshYk;

brhy;ypfpl;Bl tpisahLfpwJ.

goe;J tpisahLfpwJ. rpwpJ

Beuk; fHpj;J xUf;fypj;J

tpisahLfpwJ.

mg;gh Kj;jk; bfhLj;J

bfhq;Rfpwhh;. FHe;ij A;f;h;,

A;f;h;, A;f;;h; vd;W brhy;ypfpl;Bl

nuz;L iffisa[k; Brh;j;J

thapy; itj;J rphpj;Jf; bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpd;wJ.

FHe;ijf;F grp te;jt[ld; fj;j

Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. jpObud

FHe;ij mGfpd;wJ. FHe;ij

Fg;g[j;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ. efut[k;

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. Ct;, Ct;, nA;f;

vd;W brhy;ypf;bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpd;wJ. ehk; Bgr;Rf;

bfhLj;jhy; rphpf;fpd;wJ. mBj

rkak; mHt[k; bra;fpd;wJ.

94.Mk; ehs; FHe;ij ehs; Mf Mf ey;y

tshr;rp epiyf;F tUfpwJ.

Fg;g[j;Jf; bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ. nA;, CA;, CA;

vd cswpfpl;Bl jpUk;g jpUk;g

Fg;g[j;Jf; bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ. mgh, nA;,

CA;, CA;, C vd;bwy;yhk; rj;jk;

Bghl;Lf;bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ. xU bghUis

ifapy; bfhLj;jhy; ey;yh

nUf;fkhf gpoj;J thapy; itj;J

fof;fpd;wJ. mof;fo mgh

vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ. FHe;ij

bghGJ g{uht[k; mgh, nA;, CA;,

CA;, f;h;, f;h;, ca;, ca; vd;W

mof;fo cswpf;Bljhd;

tpisahLfpwJ.

nA;f;, CA;, CA;, vdt[k; nA;,

CA; ,vd;bwy;yhk; rj;jk;

Bghl;L tpisahLfpwJ.

thahy; fz;lg;go CA;, CA;,

c;, C, nA;, f;h;, f;h; vd;W

csWfpwJ.

95.Mk; ehs; FHe;ij mg;gh rj;jk; Bfl;lhy;

BghJk; clBd jpUk;gp

ghh;f;fpwJ. mk;kh fpl;l te;jhy;

if fhy;fis ed;whf Btfkhf

irf;fps; kpjpg;gJ Bghd;W

cijj;Jf; bfhz;Lk;, rpy

rkaA;fspy; Fg;g[j;Jf; bfhz;Lk;,

rpy rkaA;fspy; xBu g[wkhf

gLj;Jf;bfhz;Lk; mkh vd;W

Tg;gpl;Lfpl;L ifia mk;khtplk;

ePl;Ltjw;F Kaw;rp bra;fpwJ.

thahy; fz;lg;go csWfpwJ.

CA;, CA;, ca;, C, nA;, f;h;, f;h;,

f;h;, vd;W fz;lg;go csWfpwJ.

rpy rkaA;fspy; mg;ghitg;

ghh;j;J mgh vd;Wk;, mk;khitg;

ghh;j;J mkh vd;Wk;

Tg;gpLfpwJ. gpwF

tpisahofpl;Bl BgRfpwJ. Ca;,

ca;, f;h;, f;h;, f;h;, CA;, Ca;,

vd;W tpisahofpwJ. FHe;ij

mGk;BghJk; CA;, CA;, f;h;, f;h;,

T,T vdWk; brhy;ypf; bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ.

thahy; fz;lg;go CA;, CA;,

ca;, C, nA;, f;h;, f;h;, f;h;

vd;W csWfpwJ.

tpisahLk;BghJk; ca;, ca;,

f;h;, f;h;, CA;, C, Ca;, ca;

vd;Wk; csWfpwJ. FHe;ij

mGk;BghJk; CA;, CA;, f;h;,

f;h;, T,T vd;Wk;

tpisahLfpwJ.

96.Mk; ehs; FHe;ij ehs; Mf Mf ey;y

cly; MBuhf;fpaj;Jld;

tpisahLfpwJ. CA;, CA;, f;h;,

f;h;, ca;, ca; vd;W ed;whfBt

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. FHe;ij grp

te;jt[ld; mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

mk;kh FHe;ijia J]f;fp ghy;

bfhLf;fpd;whs;. FHe;ijf;F grp

Bghdt[ld; rphpf;f

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. rpwpJ Beuk;

fHpj;J FHe;ij J]A;fptpl;lJ.

J]A;Fk;BghJ beul;obfhz;Bl

J]A;FfpwJ.

CA;,CA;, f;h;, f;h;, ca;, ca;

vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

97.Mk; ehs; FHe;ij vg;gg;ghh;j;jhYk; CA;,

ca;, ca;, f;h;, f;h;, nA;, nA;,

cA;, T, T vd;W fz;lg;go

csWfpwJ. FHe;ijapd; ifapy;

tpisahfpl;Lg; bghUis

bfhLj;jhy; me;j bghUis

thapy; itj;J nuz;L ifahYk;

gpoj;J ft;tpf; bfhz;Bl CA;,

CA;, ca;, ca; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. ne;j ehd;fhtJ

khjj;jpy; jhd; Fg;g[wg;

gLj;Jf;bfhz;Bl beq;rhy; efu

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

;

CA;, ca;, ca;, f;h;, f;h;, nA;,

nA;, cA;, T, T vd;W

fz;lg;go csWfpwJ.

98.Mk; ehs; FHe;ij ne;j khjj;jpy; jhd;

beq;rhy; efh;e;J Bgha; xU

bghUis vLf;ff; Toa

Kaw;rpia bgWfpd;wd. jhapd;

Kfj;ijg; ghh;j;J rphpf;fpd;wJ.

K}d;W khjk; tiu FHe;ijapd;

jiy epiyapy;yhky; Mof;fpl;Bl

nUf;fpwJ. ne;j ehd;fhtJ

khjj;jpypUe;Bj jiy Mlhky;

xGA;fhf epw;fpd;wJ. ehd;F

gf;fKk; gLj;Jf;bfhz;Bl Rw;wp

Rw;wp tUfpd;wJ. J]uj;jpypUe;J

ehk; Bgr;R bfhLj;jhy;

mk;khitg; ghh;j;J rphpf;fpwJ.

mHt[k; bra;fpwJ. Tg;gpl;lhy;

efh;e;J tuhky; jiyia Ml;o

Ml;o mBj nlj;jpy;

gLj;jpUf;fpwJ.

99.Mk; ehs; ne;j FHe;ij K}d;W khjA;fs;

tiu jhd; if fhy;fis ed;whf

cijj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ.ey;y

tsh;r;rp epiyapy; nUf;fpd;wd.

100.tJ ehs; FHe;ijf;F mg;gh Kfk; BtW

ahU Kfkhf nUe;jhYk; bjhpa

tUtJ ne;j khjj;jpy; jhd;

mof;fo gHFfpd;wth; Kfk;

ed;whf bjhpa Muk;gpf;fpd;wJk;

ne;j khjj;jpy; jhd;. ehd;fhtJ

khjj;jpy; jhd; jiy Mlhky;

Beuhf epw;fpwJ. mk;kh mg;gh

rj;jk; Bfl;lhy; BghJk; xBu

Mh;tkhf ghh;f;fpwJ. Mis

fz;lt[ld; Fg;g[j;Jf; bfhz;L

Rw;wp Rw;wp tUfpwJ. mth;fs;

fpl;l te;J FHe;ijia

J]f;Ftjw;Fs; re;Bjhrkh if

fhy;fis Bghl;L Ml;L, Ml;L

rphpf;fpwJ.CA;, CA;, ca;,ca;,

f;h;, f;h;, vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L

re;Bjhrkh ghh;f;fpwJ. mg;gh

FHe;ijia J]f;fp Kj;jk;

bfhLf;fpwhh;.FHe;ij

re;Bjhrg;gLfpwJ.

CA;, CA;, ca;, ca;, f;h;, f;h;,

vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

101. tJ ehs; FHe;ijf;F xUf;fypj;Jg; gLf;f

Kaw;rp bra;fpwJ. Fg;g[j;Jf;

bfhs;st[k; bra;fpwJ. Fg;g[j;Jf;

bfhz;Bl ifapy; bghk;ikia

vLj;J thapy; itj;J foj;Jf;

bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpeJ. CA;,

CA;, nA;,nA;, ca;, ca;, f;h;, f;h;,

f;h;, T, T vd;Wk; rj;jk;

Bghl;Lf; bfhz;Bl

bghk;ikia thapy; itj;Jf;

bfhz;Bl CA;, CA;, nA;,

nA;, ca;, ca;, f;h;, f;h;, f;h;,

T, T vd;W rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

tpisahLfpwJ.

102. tJ ehs; FHe;ijf;F tpguk; bjhpe;jJk;

mg;ghitg; fz;lhy; rphpf;f

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. mBj rkaj;jpy;

mHt[k; bra;fpwJ. ne;j

ehd;fhtJ khjj;jpy; FHe;ijia

ahh; J]f;fpdhYk; mHhky;

nUf;fpwJ. mk;kh te;J

J]f;fpdhy; clBd mk;khtplk;

bry;fpwJ. rpyrkaA;fspy;

mk;khtplk; BghfhJ. mof;fo

nA;, nA;, CA;, CA;, f;h;, f;h;,Fa;,

Fa;, ca;, vd;W ed;whfBt rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. ahuhtJ te;J

jpobud rj;jk; Bghl;lhy;

gae;Jf; bfhz;L cw;W

ghh;f;fpwJ. Fg;g[j;Jf; bfhz;Bl

beq;rhy; efu Kaw;rp bra;fpwJ.

beq;rp typ te;jhy; clBd mH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. vg;go vd;why;

T, T, T vd;W xU g[jpa

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. rpwpJ Beuk;

fHpj;J ghh;j;jhy; T, T, T,

ca;, ca;, vd;W thia Ftp

epiyapy; itj;J rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

mof;fo nA;, nA;, CA;, CA;,

f;h;, f;h;, Fa;, Fa;, ca; vd;W

ed;whfBt rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

gpwF ghh;j;jhy; g[jpa rj;jk;

T, T, T vd;Wk;, T, T,

T, ca;, ca;, vd;Wk; thia

Ftp epiyapy; itj;Jk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

103. tJ ehs; Fg;g[j;Jf; bfhz;Bl tpisahLk;

BghBj mof;fo xUf;fypf;ft[k;

bra;fpwJ. jhdhf nA;,nA;

brhy;fpwJ. gpwF CA;, CA;,

ca;, ca;, f;h;, f;h;, vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ. rpy rkaA;fspy;

Fg;g[j;Jf; bfhz;Bl Rw;wp Rw;wp

beq;rhy; efh;e;J tUfpwJ.

mof;fo gHFfpd;wth; Kfk;

ed;whf bjhpa tUfpwJ.

FHe;ij jhdhf nA;, nA;,

brhy;fpwJ. gpwF CA;, CA;,

ca;, ca;, f;h;, f;h;, vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ.

104. tJ ehs; FHe;ij mHfhf thia jpwe;J

rphpf;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ. gLf;f

itj;jhy; ed;whf if fhy;fis

cijj;J if tpuiy ePl;oa[k;

klf;fpa[k; fhy;fis ePl;oa[k;

klf;fpa[k; tpisahof; bfhz;Bl

ehf;if btspapy; ePl;oa[k; gpwF

cs;sPGj;Jk; tpisahLfpwJ.

jpobud xUf;fypj;J gpwF

Fg;g[j;Jf; bfhz;L rj;jk; Bghl

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. nA;, nA;, CA;,

CA;, ca;, ca;, TT vd;W

rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;fpl;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ. ifahy; fPBH

jiuia moj;J moj;J

tpisahLfpwJ. FHe;ij

mof;fo Mf;Mt;fh;, A;fh;, fh;t;,

CA;,fh;t; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L

tpisahLfpwJ. mg;BghJk;

ifia thapy; itj;J

tpisahLfpwJ. rpy rkaj;jpy;

xU ifia kl;Lk; thapy; itj;J

tpisahLfpwJ. mg;gh te;J

FHe;ijaplk; Bgr;R bfhLf;Fk;

BghJ FHe;ij l;lhl;, l;lhl;

vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L csWfpwJ.

FHe;ijf;F mg;gh brhy;yp

bfhLf;fpwhh; f;h;,f;h; vd;W.

me;j FHe;ij mg;ghit cw;W

ftdpf;fpwJ. jpobud;W mH

nA;, nA;, CA;, CA;, ca;,

ca;, TT vd;Wk;, mof;fo

Mf;Mt;fh;, A;fh;, fh;t;, CA;,

fh;t; vd;Wk;, tpisahLfpwJ.

FHe;ijaplk; Bgr;R

bfhLf;Fk;BghJ FHe;ij

l;lhl;, l;lhl; vd;W rj;jk;

Bghl;L csWfpwJ. mg;gh

f;h;, f;h; vd;W FHe;ijf;F

brhy;ypf; bfhLf;fpwhh;.

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. FHe;ijf;F grp

te;jhYk; clBd ifia thapy;

itj;J fj;j Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

FHe;ijapd; gf;fj;jpy; mg;gh

te;J cl;fhh;e;jhy; FHe;ij

jhdhf thia ed;whf jpwe;J

mg;ghitg; ghh;j;J rpf;fpwJ.

nuz;L ifat[k; Brh;j;J thapy;

itj;J foj;Jf; bfhz;Bl

rphpf;fpwJ.ey;y tsh;r;rp epiyia

mile;Jf; bfhz;L tUfpwJ.

105. tJ ehs; FHe;ij mof;fo the;jp (ghy;)

vLj;JtpLfpwJ. FHe;ijf;F

tpf;fy; tUfpd;wJ.xU Fr;rpia

xoj;J vr;rpy; bjhl;L jiyapy;

itg;ghh;fs; clBd tpf;fy;

epd;WtpLfpwjhk;. FHe;ij

J]A;fptpLfpwjhk;. rpwpJ Beuk;

mjhtJ miu kzp Beuk;

fHpj;J J]A;fp vGfpwJ. grpahy;

fj;Jfpd;wJ. gpwF CA;CA;,

nA;nA;, Mf;Mh;t;, fh;t; vd;W

brhy;ypf; bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ. mk;kh Bgr;R

bfhLj;jhy; FHe;ij rl;ilia

ifapy; gpoj;Jf;bfhz;L

tpisahLfpwJ.

CA;CA;, nA;nA;, Mf;Mh;t;,

f;h;t; vd;W brhy;ypf;bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ.

106. tJ ehs; mof;fo CA;CA;, f;h;, f;h;, f;h;

vd;Wk; Mh;t; Mt;, f;h;t; vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ. FHe;ij

jiyKoia ifapy; gpoj;jhy;

BghJk; clBd thapy; itj;J

fof;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

CA;CA;, f;h;, f;h;, vd;Wk;

Mh;t;Mt; , f;h;t;

vd;Wbrhy;fpwJ.

107. tJ ehs; FHe;ij fhy;fis J]f;fp

tapw;wpd; Bky; itj;Jf; bfhz;L

xU ifia Bky; Behf;fp

J]f;fpa[k; tpisahLfpwJ. ehs;

Mf Mf FHe;ijia fPBH

gLf;fg; Bghl;lhy; clBd

Fg;g[j;Jf; bfhs;sj;jhd;

bra;fpwJ. nuz;L iffisa[k;

vg;gg;ghh;j;jhYk; thapy;

itj;jg;goBa mk;khitg;

ghh;j;J rphpf;fpwJ.

108. tJ ehs; FHe;ij mof;fo xUf;fypj;Jf;

bfhz;Bl Fg;g[j;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ.

Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhz;Bl beq;rhy;

efh;fpwJ. if tpuy;fisa[k;

fhy; tpuy;fisa[k; ed;whf

ePl;oa[k; klf;fpa[k; jiyf;F Bky;

J]f;fpa[k; tpisahLfpwJ.

mk;kh Bgr;R bfhLj;J Kj;jk;

bfhLj;jhy; FHe;ij fpsp khjphp

thia jpwe;J mHfh rphpf;fpwJ.

jhdhfBt CA;CA;, f;a;, f;a;, f;h;,

f;h;, vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;Lfpl;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ.

FHe;ij jhdhfBt CA;CA;,

f;a; f;a;, f;h;, f;h;, vd;W rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

109. tJ ehs; FHe;ij jhdhf Bgrt[k;,

mjhtJ thapy; te;jijbay;yhk;

fz;lg;go cswpfpl;L Fg;g[j;J

ifahy; jiuia jl;oj; jl;o

CA;CA;, f;h;f;h;f;h;,ca;a; vdt[k;

rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ.

Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhz;Bl jiuia

jl;oj; jl;o CA;CA;, f;h;f;h;f;h;,

ca;a; vdt[k; rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;

bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ.

110. tJ ehs; FHe;ijia mk;kh rj;jk; Bghl;L

Tg;gpl;lhy;, me;j FHe;ija[k;

jha; Fuiy Bfl;L ed;whf

g[hpe;Jf; bfhz;L rj;jk; Bghl;L

tpisahLfpwJ. mk;kh

Bfl;fpwhh; Vk;kh grpf;f

tpy;iyah vd;W me;j FHe;ij

beq;rhy; efh;e;J efh;e;J

mk;khtplk; te;J f;h;, ca;, CA;

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

FHe;ij f;h;, ca;, CA; vd;W

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

111. tJ ehs; mk;kh FHe;ijia J]f;fp

bfhq;Rk; BghJ f;a;f;a;, nA;nA;,

CA;, ca; csWfpwJ. mof;fo

csw Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

112. tJ ehs; FHe;ij mGk;BghJ CA;,ca;a;,

f;h;f;h;, f;a; f;a; vd;Wk;

csWfpwJ. mof;fo CA;, CA;,

ca;a; f;h;f;h;, f;a;f;a; xU rpy

rkaA;fspy; mgh vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ. ehd;fhtJ khjk;

bjhlh;e;jjpypUe;J FHe;ijf;F

J]f;fk; mjpfk; ny;iy.

J]f;fj;jpy; FHe;ij thia

jpwe;jg;goBa J]A;FfpwJ. fz;

tpHpj;jg;gpwF jhdhfBt thia

K}of; bfhz;L JA;FfpwJ.

113. tJ ehs; FHe;ijf;F ehs; Mf Mf ey;y

tsh;r;rp epiyia milfpwJ.

Mof;fo xUf;fypj;Jf;

bfhs;fpwJ. mBj rkaj;jpy;

Fg;g[j;Jk; bfhs;fpwJ. grp

te;jhy; mHt[k; bra;fpwJ. grp

Bghdt[ld; mikjpaha;

nUf;fpd;wJ.

114. tJ ehs; FHe;ij K}d;W khjA;fs; tiu

jhd; if fhy;fis ed;whf

cijj;Jf;bfhz;L

tpisahLfpwJ. mjd; gpwF

mjpfkhf cijj;Jf;bfhs;s

naytpy;iy. Vd; vd;why;

xUf;fypj;Jf bfhs;s

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. Fg;g[wg;gLj;Jf;

bfhs;s Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

115. tJ ehs;

FHe;ijia mk;kh J]f;fpdhy;

mHhky; nUf;fpwJ. Kfk;

bjhpahjth; te;J Tg;gpl;lhByh

J]f;fpdhByh clBd mH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.gpwF mk;kh te;J

FHe;ijia J]f;fp mGifia

epWj;Jfpwhh;. rpwpJ Beuk;

fHpj;J mtiu jpUk;gpg;

ghh;f;fpwJ. ghh;j;jg; gpwF

kWgoa[k; mH Mukgpf;fwJ.

kWgoa[k; FHe;ijf;F MWjy;

brhy;fpwhh;.

116. tJ ehs; FHe;ij mjpfkhf mGJf;

bfhz;BlapUe;jhy; clBd mk;kh

Bfhgk; milfpwhh;.me;j

FHe;ij mk;khit cw;W

ghh;f;fpwJ. gpwF FHe;ij

jhdhBt ca;,vd;W brhy;ypfpl;Bl

mGfpwJ. f;h;, nA;, vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ. mGJf;bfhz;Bl

CA;CA;, vd;W rj;jk;

Bghl;Lfpl;Bl mk;khitg;

ghh;f;fpwJ. xBu nlj;jpy;

gLj;Jf;bfhz;Bl ehd;F gf;fKk;

jpUk;gp jpUk;gp ghh;f;f

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

FHe;ij jhdhfBt ca; vd;W

mGfpwJ. f;h;, nA;, vd;Wk;

CA;CA;, vd;W BghLfpwJ.

117. tJ ehs;

FHe;ijia mg;gh J]f;fpdhy;

re;Bjhrkh mg;ghtplk; BghfpwJ.

ehk; Bgr;R bfhLj;jhy; cw;W

ftdpf;f Koahky; Tl

mg;ghtplk; tpisahLfpwJ.

rpwpJ Beuk; fHpj;J FHe;ijia

mg;gh fPBH Bghl;Ltpl;L

brd;Wtpl;lhh;. clBd

Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhz;L tpisahl

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. tpisahl;Lg;

bghUis ifapy; vLj;J thapy;

itj;J fof;fpwJ tpisahLfpwJ.

118. tJ ehs; FHe;ij mof;fo CA;CA;, f;h;f;h;,

ca;a; vd;W cswpfpl;Bl jhd;

tpisahLfpwJ. nA;nA;,

CA;,Ca;a;,vd;Wk; rj;jk;

BghLfpd;wJ. jpobud

mk;khitg; ghh;j;J rphpf;fpwJ.

Fg;g[wg; gLj;Jf;bfhz;Bl Rw;wp

Rw;wp tUfpd;wJ. ne;j jpobud

mkh vd;Wk; brhy;y

Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. mgh vd;Wk;

brhy;y Muk;gpf;fpwJ. clBd

mk;kht[k; mg;ght[k;

Mr;rhpag;gLfpwhh;fs;.

FHe;ij mof;fo CA;CA;,

f;h;, ca;a; vdWk; nA;nA;,

CA;, CAa;a; vd;Wk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

119. tJ ehs;

FHe;ij CA;CA;, Ca;a; vd;Wk;

nA;, f;h; vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ.

gpwF f;a;f;a;, Cvdt[k;

brhy;fpwJ. mg;gh FHe;ijia

J]f;fp koapd;;; BkYk; tapw;wpd;

BkYk; itj;J

tpisahl;Lfhl;Lfpwhh;.me;j

FHe;ijfpsp khjphp thia jpwe;J

bfhz;L ed;whf rphpf;fpwJ.

mg;ghit fhyhy; cijf;fpwJ.

mg;gh brhy;ypf; bfhLf;fpwhh;,

f;a;f;a;, f;h;f;h;f;h; vd;Wk;, FHe;ij

FHe;ij CA;CA;, nA;, f;h;

vd;Wk; gpwF f;a;f;a;C vdt[k;

brhy;fpwJ. mg;gh

brhy;ypbfhLf;fpwhh;.f;a;f;a;,f;h;

f;h;f;h;, vd;Wk;, FHe;ija[k;

f;h;f;h;, Ca;a;, f;a;f;a;,vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ.

mij Bfl;L f;h;f;h;, Ca;a; f;a;

f;a; vd;Wk; ed;whfBt

brhy;fpwJ. FHe;ij mg;ghtpd;

K}f;ifa[k; Kfj;ija[k; gpoj;J

fof;fpd;wJ. nWf;fkh fz;iz

K}of;bfhz;L mg;ghtpd; K}f;if

gpoj;J fof;fpd;wJ. clBd

mg;gh Rk;kh mGJf;fhl;Lfpwhh;.

FHe;ij mg;ghtpd; beq;rpd; Bky;

mof;fpwJ.

120.tJ ehs;

FHe;ij jhdhfBt nA;nA;,

brhy;fpwJ. rpy rkaj;jpy; CA;,

CA;, Ca;a;, ca; vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ. ca;a;, f;h;f;h;,

vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ. FHe;ijia

J]f;fp jiuapy; epw;f itj;jhy;

FHe;ijahy; epw;f Koatpypiy.

xU fhiy fPBH Byrh

Cd;WfpwJ. Cd;wp

epw;fpwJ.kw;bwhU fhiy Bky;

Behf;fpBa bjhA;f itf;fpd;wJ.

gpwF fhy; typ te;jhy; mH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. FHe;ijia

bjhl;oypy; Bghl;Ljyhl;L gho

bjhl;oiy Ml;o tpLfpwhh;.

me;j FHe;ijthapy; tpuiy

itj;Jf; bfhz;L ca;, CA; f;h;

f;h; vd;W rj;jk;

Bghl;Lf;bfhz;Bl bjhl;oypBy

tpisahLfpd;wJ.

nA;nA;, brhy;fpwJ.rpy

rkaj;jpy; CA;CA;, ca;

vd;Wk; ca;a;, f;h;f;h; vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ. me;j FHe;ij

thapy; tpuiy itj;Jf;

bfhz;L ca;, CA; f;h;f;h;

vd;Wk; tpiyahlfpwJ.

121.tJ ehs; FHe;ijia fhypy; Bghl;L

Fspahl;Lk; BghJ FHe;ij

jhdhf jiuia bjhLfpwJ.gpwF

ehf;if btspapy; ePl;odg; goa[k;

nUf;fpwJ. rpy rkaA;fspy;

J]}}A;fhJ jpobud mah;e;J

J]A;FfpwJ.

.

122. tJ ehs; Rpy rkaA;fspy; ne;j FHe;ij

J]A;fhky; rphpj;Jf;bfhz;Bl

rj;jk; Bghl Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

FHe;ijia fPBH gLf;f

itf;fpwhhs;. me;j FHe;ij

nuz;L iffisa[k; thapy;

itj;Jf;bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ.

clBd Fg;g[j;Jf; bfhz;L

tpisahl Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

FHe;ijf;F grp te;jhy; ifia

thapy; itj;J mH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

123. tJ ehs; ghl;o FHe;ijia ftdpf;f

te;jhy; FHe;ij ghl;oiag;

ghh;j;jhy; clBd rphpf;f

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. ghl;oa[k;

FHe;ijia J]f;fp Kj;jk;

bfhLj;J bfhq;r

Muk;gpf;fpwhs;. ne;j

FHe;ija[k; nA; nA;, CA;CA;

vd;W brhy;ypf;bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ.FHe;ij

FHe;ij nA;nA;, CA;CA;,

brhy;fpwJ. ghl;oiag

ghh;j;J lhl;lhl;,vd;W

FHe;ij csWfpwJ.

ghl;oiag; ghh;j;J lhl;lhl; vd;W

FHe;ij cswpaijg; ghh;j;J

ghl;o Mr;rhpag;gLfpwhh;.rpwpJ

Beuk; fHpj;Jg; ghh;j;jhy;

ghl;oapd; K}f;ifg; gpoj;Jfoj;J

tpLfpwJ. mk;khitg

ghh;j;jt[ld; mk;khtpd; Bky;

moj;J tpisahfpwJ.

124.tJ ehs; FHe;ijf;F BtW Kfk; ahuh

nUe;jhYk; bjhpa

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.mth;fis

fz;lhy; ijhpakh ghh;ff

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

125. tJ ehs; FHe;ij Ie;J khjj;ij

mile;jt[ld; cl;fhu

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. ed;whf

tpisahlt[k; bra;fpwJ. mg;gh

Kfk; brhe;jfhuh;

ahuhapUe;jhYk; bjhpa

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. mof;fo

gHFfpd;wth; Kfk; ed;whfBt

bjhpa Muk;gpf;fpwJ.FHe;ij

Ie;J khjj;jpy; mk;khitg

ghh;j;J mk;k vd;W brhy;fpwJ.

Mdhy; mg;ghit mg;g vd;W

brhy;ybjhpahky; mg vd;W

brhy;fpwJ. FHe;ij MW

khjA;fs;tiu jha; ghy; kl;Lk;

jhd; Fof;fpwJ. BtW vJt[k;

bfhLg;gjhf nUe;jhy; gp!;fl;

bfhLj;jhy; the;jp

vLj;JtpLfpwJ. Mdhy;

FHe;ijf;F vJ bfhLj;jhYk;

ey;yh rg;gp rhg;gpl

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

126.tJ ehs; FHe;ijia fPBH gLf;f

itj;jhy; jhdhf cswpbfhz;L

Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;fpwJ. gpwF

CdA;,CdA;,vd;Wk; CA;, CA;,

vd;W fj;jpf;bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ. rl;ilia

ifapy; gpoj;Jf;bfhz;L

tpisahLfpwJ.

CdA;, CdA;, vd;Wk; CA;

CA;, vd;Wk; fj;jpf;bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ.

127. tJ ehs; FHe;ij ed;whf tpisahLfpwJ.

jhdhft[k; csWfpd;wJ. mk;k

vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ.

128. tJ ehs; FHe;ijf;F g[J Jzpfis

Bghl;L tpisahl;Lfhl;Lfpwhh;.

FHe;ija[k; mg;ghtpd; Kfj;ij

gpoj;J fof;fpd;wJ. FHe;ijia

cl;fhu itj;jhy;

nuz;Lfhy;fisa[k; a{totpy;

itj;J

cl;fhh;e;jpUf;fpwJ.nuz;L Fjp

fhy;fisa[k; xl;o itj;J

cl;fhh;e;jpUf;fpwJ. ahUk;

gf;fj;jpy; cl;fhh;e;jhy; bghUs;

itj;jpUe;jhy; clBd xU

ifia fPBH Cd;wp kw;bwhU

ifahy; me;j bghUis vLf;f

Kaw;rp bra;fpd;wJ. me;j

bghUs; fPBH tpGe;Jtl;lhy;

BjLtjw;Fk; Kaw;rp bra;fpd;wJ.

me;j bghUis vLj;J thapy;

itj;J fof;fpd;wJ.

129. tJ ehs; mg;ghitg; ghh;j;jhy; me;j

FHe;ij ifapYs;s bghUis

fPBH jl;ojl;o mg;gh vd;W

Tg;gplt[k; Kaw;rp bra;fpwJ.

mg;gh clBd FHe;ijia J]f;fp

bfhz;L kw;wthplk; Bgrpf;

bfhz;Ls;sdh;. me;j FHe;ij

fz;lg;go Btof;ifg; ghh;j;Jf;

bfhz;Bl nUf;fpwJ.

130. tJ ehs; FHe;ijia mk;kh mof;fo fPBH

cl;fhu itf;fpwhA;f, FHe;ij

Mo Mo cl;fhUfpd;wJ.

CdA; CdA;, CA;CA;, Ca;a;

f;h;f;h;, vd;Wk; f;a;f;a;ca;,

vd;bwy;yhk; jhdhf rj;jk;

Bghl;L cswpfpl;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ. mk;kh

FHe;ijf;F, jiyf;F vz;bza;

Bja;fpwhA;f FHe;ij jiyia

Ml;o Ml;o tpisahl;L

fhl;LfpwJ. mof;fo

nA;nA;,CA;CA;, f;h; vd;W

BgRfpwJ. f;a;f;a;,ca;ca; vd;W

csWfpd;wJ. lhl;lhl;,vd;Wk;

FHe;ij CdA;CdA;,CA;CA;,

Ca;a;, f;h;f;h; vd;Wk; f;a;f;a;

ca; vd;W jhdhf

csWfpwJ. mof;fo

nA;nA;,CA;CA;,f;h; vd;Wk;

f;a;f;a;, ca;ca; vd;Wk;

csWfpwJ. nA;ca;, f;h;,fh;t;

fh;t; vd;Wk;

csWfpwJ.

csWfpwJ. brhd;d

thh;j;ijia jpUk;gjpUk;g

brhy;ypf; bfhz;BltUfpd;wJ.

nA;ca;, f;h; fh;t; fh;t;

vd;Wk;csWfpd;wJ.FHe;ij

J]A;Fk;BghJ Bky; cjl;ow;F

fPBHa[k; Bky; cjl;il Bky;

Behf;fpa[k; fPH; cjl;il me;j

cjl;ow;F fPBHa[k; ghjp

K}odkhjphpa[k; jpwe;jkhjphpa[k;

itj;J J]A;FfpwJ.

131.tJ ehs; FHe;ijia J]f;fp koapy; cl;fhu

itj;J FHe;ijia fPBH

Bghl;Ltpl;ldh;. clBd mH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. gpwF mk;kh

FHe;ijia J]f;fp mGtij

epj;jptpLfpwhs;

132. tJ ehs; FHe;ij grpahy; fj;jpaJk;

mk;kh FHe;ijapd; grpiag;

Bghf;fp gpwF thrypy; cl;fhu

itf;fpwhs;. me;j FHe;ij

bghk;ikiag; ghh;j;Jtpl;lJ.

clBd bghk;ikia

vLg;gjw;fhf btspapy; Bghtjw;F

Fg;g[wg;gLj;Jf;bfhz;Bl

beq;rhy; efh;e;J te;J me;j

bghk;ikia vLg;gjw;F Kaw;rp

bra;fpd;wJ. mk;kh

bghk;ikia vLj;J te;J

FHe;ijaplk; bfhLf;fpd;whs;.

bghk;ikiaf; fof;Fk;BghBj

f;a;, f;a;, f;h;, f;h;, ca; vd;W

rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;bfhz;Bl

bghk;ikia fof;fpd;wJ.

clBd bghk;ikia vLj;J

thapy; itj;J fof;fpd;wJ.

bghk;ikiaf; fof;Fk;BghBj f;a;,

f;a;, f;h;, f;h;, ca; vd;W rj;jk;

Bghl;Lf; bfhz;Bl bghk;ikia

fof;fpd;wJ.

133.tJ ehs; FHe;ij Cd;A;, Cd;A; vd;W

csWfpd;wJ.mgh vd;Wk;

Tg;gpLfpwJ. FHe;ijf;F gp!;fl;

bfhLj;jhy; ed;whf rg;gp

rg;gpLfpwJ.gpwF the;jp

vLj;JtpLfpwJ. FHe;ijia

cl;fhu itj;jhy; rha;e;J

rha;e;J Mo Mo

cl;fhUfpd;wJ. mg;gh mk;kh

FHe;ijf;F tpisahl;Lf;

fhl;odhy; FHe;ija[k;

re;Bjhrkhf tpisahLfpd;wJ.

FHe;ij Cd;A;, Cd;A; vd;W

csWfpd;wJ.

134tJ ehs; FHe;ijfs; buhk;gt[k; mjpf

tsh;r;rpiag; bgWfpd;wd. ehs;

Mf Mf ey;y

MBuhf;fpaj;JlDk; tsh;fpd;wd;.

FHe;ij Cd;A;, Cd;A;, f;h;, f;h;,

ca;, ca; vd;Wk;, nA;, nA;

vd;Wk; csWfpd;wd;.mjpf Beuk;

FHe;ij J]A;Ftjpy;iy. mjpf

Beuk; tpisahLfpwJ.

FHe;ij Cd;A;, Cd;A;, f;h;,

f;h;, ca;,ca;, vd;Wk; nA;, nA;

vd;Wk; csWfpd;WJ.

135.tJ ehs; FHe;ij mof;fo Cd;A;, Cd;A; mof;fo Cd;A;, Cd;A; vd;W

vd;W csWfpwJ. mgh vd;Wk;

Tg;gpl Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

FHe;ijia cl;fhu itj;jhy;

Mof;bfhz;Bl rha;J

cl;fhUfpwJ.

csWfpwJ. gp!;fl;

bfhLj;jhy; rg;gp rg;gp

rd;whf CA; CA; vd;W

rhg;gpfpwJ.

136. tJ ehs; FHe;ij Cd;A; Cd;A; f;h;, f;h;,

ca;a;, vd;Wk; csWfpd;wJ.

mjpf Beuk; FHe;ij

JA;Ftjpy;iy.

tpisahLtJjhd; mjpfkhf

nUf;fpwJ.

FHe;ij Cd;A; vd;Wk;

f;;h;,f;h;,ca;a; vd;Wk;

csWfpwJ.

137. tJ ehs; ne;j FHe;ij xU rpy

BeuA;fspy; rj;jk; Bghl;L

mHfpwJ. gpwF Mh;tkh

tpisahkt[k; bra;fpwJ. fPBH

cl;fhu itj;jhy; nA; nA; vd;W

brhy;ypf; bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ.

FHe;ijia cl;fhu itj;jhy;

nA; nA; vd;W brhy;ypf;

bfhz;Bl tpisahlt[k;

bra;fpwJ.

138. tJ.ehs; FHe;ij mk;khtplk; nUe;J

ghl;oaplk; jht[fpwJ. FHe;ij

CA;, CA; vd;W jhiag; ghh;j;J

rpupf;fpwJ. mg;gh brhy;tij

FHe;ij nA;, nA;, CA;CA;, vd;W

clk;ig KWf;fpf; bfhz;Bl mH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. FHe;ij jhdhf

CA;, CA; vd;W rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. ca;a;, ca;, f;h;f;h;,

vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. grp

te;jhy; mHt[k; bra;fpwJ.

FHe;ij jhdhf CA; CA;

vd;Wk; ca;a;, ca;, f;h;f;h;

vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

139. tJ ehs; FHe;ij mof;fo CA; CA; nA;,

nA; vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

FHe;ij CA;, CA; nA; na;

vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

140. tJ.ehs; FHe;ijf;F ahutJ Kfk;

bjhpe;jth;fs; te;jhy; clBd

CA; CA; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L

ca; ca;, f;a;f;a; vdt[k;

csWfpwJ.

ca;, ca;, f;a;, f;a; vdt[k;

csWfpwJ.

141. tJ ehs; FHe;ij mk vd;W Tg;gpLfpwJ.

bghk;ikia vLj;J jhdhfBt

thapy; itj;J flf;fpwJ. if

fhy;fis cijj;Jf; bfhz;L

gLj;jpUf;fpwJ.

FHe;ij mkh vd;W

Tg;gpLfpwJ.

142. tJ ehs; ne;j Ie;jhtJ khjj;jpy; ey;y

tsh;r;rp epiyia milfpwJ.

Cd;A;, Cd;A; nA;, ca; vd;W

csWfpwJ. mg;ghitg; ghh;j;J

mg vd;W Tg;gpLfpwJ.

mk;khita[k; mk vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ.FHe;ij JhA;fpf;

bfhz;L nUf;Fk;BghJ xU

g[wkhfj;jhd; xUf;fypj;J jhd;

JhA;Fkhk;. FHe;ij ghy;

Foj;jt[ld; CA;

CA; f;ah vd;Wk; rj;jk; Bghl;L

tpiashLfpwJ. mg;gh Fuiy

Bfl;lJk; rpupf;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

FHe;ij CdA; Cd;A;, nA;,

ca; vdt[k; mg vdt[k;

brhy;fpwJ.FHe;ij ghy;

Foj;jt[ld; CA;, CA; f;ah

vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

143. tJ ehs; FHe;ijf;F gp!;fl; bfhLj;jhy;

ed;whf ehf;if btspapy; ePl;o

rg;gp rhg;gpl Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

rpy Beuk; fHpj;J bghk;ikia

vLj;J thapy; itj;J foj;Jf;

bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ. JhA;fp

vKe;jt[ld; rpupj;Jf; bfhz;Bl

vKe;jpUf;fpwJ. ehf;if ed;whf

btspapy; ePl;o bfhl;lhtp

tpLfpwJ.

144. tJ ehs; FHe;ij mof;fo nA; vd;Wk;

CA;, CA; CA;a;, vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ. FHe;ijia cl;fhu

itj;jhy; a{ totpy;

cl;fhUfpwJ. vA;fhtJ

Btof;if ghh;f;f tpl;lhy; TA;,

TA; vd;W jhBd rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. mof;fo

xUf;fypf;fpwJ. rpwpJ Beuk;

fHpj;J Fg;g[j;Jf; bfhs;st[k;

bra;fpwJ.mk;khit jhBd

fhyhy; khw;wp khw;wp cijj;Jf;

bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ. jhapd;

jiy Koia ifahy; gpoj;J

thapy; itj;J fof;fpwJ.

ifia vLj;jhy; mH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. FHe;ij fPBH

cl;fhh;e;jpUf;FBghBj rpWePh;

tpl;LtpLfpwJ. clBd mij

ifahy; jl;o jl;o clk;gpy;

mof;fo nA; vd;Wk; CA; CA;

Ca;a; vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ.

vA;fhtJ Btof;if ghh;f;f

tpl;lhy; TA;TA; vd;W jhBd

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

g{rpf;bfhs;fpwJ. FHe;ijia

BtW nlj;jpy; Bghl;lhy; efh;e;J

efh;e;J Rw;wp Rw;wp

tpisahLfpwJ. FHe;ijf;F

bjhpfpw khjpup bghUl;fis

itj;jhy; me;j bghUis efh;e;J

Bgha; vLj;J jz;zpuhapUe;jhYk;

fPBH Cw;wp tpLfpwJ.

145. tJ ehs; FHe;ij nA; CA; CA; vd;Wk;

csWfpwJ. mof;fo cl;fhut[k;

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

FHe;ij nA; CA; CA; vd;Wk;

csWfpwJ.

146. tJehs; Cd;A;, Cd;A;, Ca;a;, ca;, f;a;f;a;,

ca;, TA; TA; vd;bwy;yhk;

csWfpwJ. FHe;ijf;F ghy;

bfhLf;Fk;BghJ mgh vd;Wk;

CA; CA; vd;Wk; mKfpwJ.f;a;,

f;ah vd;Wk; mKfpwJ. TA;,

TA; vd;Wk;, C, C vdt[k;

thia Ftpepiyapy; itj;Jf;

bfhz;L brhy;fpwJ. mBj

rkak; mHt[k; bra;fpwJ.

FHe;ij bjhl;oypy; JhA;Fk;

BghBj jpobud Jhk;KfpwJ.

fz;fis jpwe;jg;goBa

JhA;FfpwJ. ifia

nuz;ila[k; koapd; BkYk;

fz;zpd; BkYk; thapYk;

itj;Jf; bfhz;Ljhd;

JhA;FfpwJ. FHe;ij JhA;fp

Cd;A;, Cd;A;, Ca;a;, ca;,

f;h;,f;a;, TA;, TA;

vd;bwy;yhk; csWfpwJ.C,C

vdt[k;, rpy BeuA;fspy;

CA;tA;, CA;tA; vd;Wk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

vKk;BghJ ca;a; vd;W rj;jk;

Bghl;Lfpl;Bl clk;ig Bghl;L

Kwpj;Jg;goBa vKe;jpUf;fpwJ.

rpy BeuA;fspy; CA;tA;, CA;tA;

vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

FHe;ijia cl;fhu itj;jhy;

Fg;g[w tpKfpwJ.

147.tJ ehs;

FHe;ijia JhA;fp bfhz;L

bghKBj mKJbfhz;L

JhA;FfpwJ. Jhf;fj;jpy; beul;o

beul;o rj;jk; Bghl;Lf; bfhz;L

JhA;FfpwJ. FHe;ijf;F clk;g[

typ te;Jtpl;ljhk;.

mjdhy;jhd; beul;Lfpwhjhk;.

FHe;ij 5 khjA;fs; tiujhd;

ByR Byrh rpf;fpwjhk;. 5

khjk; Md gpwF ed;whf

rpf;fpwJ.

148. tJ ehs; xU rpy BeuA;fspy; FHe;ij

mg;goBa mirahky;

gLj;jpUf;fpwJ. mk;kh te;J

FHe;ijia Jhf;fpdhy; clBd

rphpf;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ. FHe;ij

nA;,nA; Cd;A;, X Cd;A; vd;Wk;

csWfpwJ. TA;TA;, vd;W

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. rpy

rkaj;jpy; mk;kh Bgr;R

bfhLj;jhy; clBd me;j

FHe;ij t;tha;, A;fha; vd Fuy;

nA;, nA; Cd;A;, X Cd;A;

vd;Wk; csWfpwJ. TA;,

TA; vd;Wk; Bgr;R

bfhLj;jhy; clBd t;tha;,

A;fha; vd Fuy; bfhLf;fpwJ.

ve;j Beuk; ghh;j;jhYk;

CA;,ca;, CA; vd;Wk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. jhdhf

Mf;Mt;fh;, A;fh;t;, vd;Wk;

fh;t;, CA;, fh;t; vd;Wk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

bfhLf;fpwJ. ve;j Beuk;

ghh;j;jhYk; CA;, ca;, CA;

vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

jhdhf Mf;Mt;fh;, A;fh;t;,

vd;Wk; fh;t;, CA;, fh;t rj;jk;

Bghl;Lf; bfhz;L

tpisahLfpwJ. xU ifia

thapy; itj;J tpisahLfpwJ.

nuz;L ifiaa[k; Brh;j;J thapy;

itj;J tpisahLfpwJ.

149.tJ ehs; FHe;ij xU rpy rkaj;jpy; lhl;,

lhl;, vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

if fhy;fis ed;whf cijj;Jf;

bfhs;fpwJ. FHe;ijia Jhf;fp

f;h;, f;h; vd;W brhy;ypf;

bfhLj;Jf; bfhz;Bl

tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lfpwhh;. me;j

FHe;ija[k; mg;ghit cw;W

ghh;f;fpwJ. FHe;ij ghloiag;

ghh;j;J jpobud rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. CA;A;, CA;, A;A;

vd;Wk; tpisahLfpwJ.

FHe;ij lhl;, lhl; vd;Wk;

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. jpobud

CA;A;, CA;, A;A; vd;Wk;

tpisahLfpwJ. .

150. tJ ehs; jhapd; Kfj;ij ed;whf ghh;j;J

rphpf;fpwJ. mg;gh Fuy;

Bfl;lhy; BghJk; clBd rj;jk;

Bghl;L mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

mof;fo Fg;g[j;Jf; bfhz;Ljhd;

tpisahLfpwJ.

151.tJ ehs; ne;j MwhtJ khjj;jpy; ed;whf

cl;fhu Muk;gpf;fpwJ. ed;whf

tpisahlt[k; bra;fpwJ. CA;

CA;, f;h; f;h;, ch;ch;, ca;

vd;bwy;yhk; BgRfpwJ.

FHe;ijf;F gp!;fl; bfhLj;jhy;

CA;, CA;, f;a;, f;a; vd;W

brhy;ypfpl;Bl ehf;if btspapy;

ePl;o (cdhj;Jjy; ) rhg;gpLfpwJ.

CA; CA;, f;h;, f;h;, ch; ch;,

ca; vd;bwy;yhk; BgRfpwJ.

gp!;fl; bfhLj;jhy; CA;,

CA;, f;a;, f;a; vd;Wk;

rhg;gpLfpwJ.

152.tJ.ehs; FHe;ijia xU nlj;jpy; gLf;f

itj;jhy; me;j nlj;jpy;

gLf;ftpy;iy. fz;lgo

beq;rhy; efh;e;J efh;e;J Rw;wp

Rw;wp tUfpd;wJ. ca;ca; f;a;f;a;

vd;Wk; csWfpwJ. FHe;ij

mgh vd;W brhy;y

Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. me;j FHe;ij

CA; CA; vd;Wk; f;a;k; f;a;k;

brhy;fpwJ. C C vd;Wk; thia

Ftpepiyapy; itj;J

brhy;fpwJ.FHe;ijia Jhf;fp

gLf;ifapy; Bghl;L tpisahl;L

bghUis ifapy; bfhLj;jhy;,

clBd me;j bghUis ifapy;

vLj;J thapy; itj;J fof;fpwJ.

Fg;g[wgLj;Jf; bfhz;Bl ifahy;

jiuiaj; jl;oj;jl;o CA; CA;,

TT vd;Wk; cswpf;fpl;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ.

FHe;ij ca;ca;, f;a;f;a;

vd;Wk; csWfpwJ. mgh

vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ. CC

vd;Wk; f;a;k; f;a;k; brhy;fpwJ.

CC vd;Wk; thia

Ftpepiyapy; itj;J

brhy;fpwJ.

Fg;g[wgLj;Jf;bfhz;Bl

ifahy; jiuiaj; jl;oj;jl;o

CA;, CA;, TT vd;Wk;

cswpfpl;Bl tpisahLfpwJ.

153.tJ ehs; FHe;ij jhdhfBt nA;, CA;CA;,

vd;Wk; csWfpwJ. mk;khitg;

ghh;j;J mkh vd;Wk; f;a;f;a;,

vd;Wk; Tg;gpl;L rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. ehk; FHe;ijia

Tg;gpl;lhy; jiyia Ml;o

Ml;o rphpj;Jf;fpl;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ. lhl;, lhl;

vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ. mk;khitg;

ghh;j;J rphpf;fpwJ. f;a;f;a;, f;a;,

f;h;f;;, TT vd;Wk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

FHe;ij jhdhf nA;,

CA;CA;, vd;Wk; mk;khitg;

mkh vd;Wk; Tg;gpg;L rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. lhl;, lhl;

vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ.

mk;khitg; ghh;j;J f;a;f;a;,

f;a;, f;h;f;h;,TT vd;Wk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

154.tJ ehs; FHe;ij mof;fo Fa; Fa;

vd;Wk; g[jpa rj;jk; BghLfpd;wJ.

ifapy; xU bghUis jiuapy;

Bghl;L moj;Jf; bfhz;Bl

Fa;Fa; vd;W g[jpa xypia

cr;rhpf;fpwJ. Jhuj;jpy;

cl;fhh;e;J ehk; Bgr;R

bfhLj;jhy; jhdhf rpf;fpd;wJ.

Fg;g[wg;gLj;Jf; bfhz;L

beq;rhy; efu Muk;gpj;jJk; if

fhy;fis cijj;Jf; bfhs;s

Kotjpy;iy.CA;, CA;, f;h;, f;h;

vd;W csWfpwJ. mk;kh

ifia gpoj;J thapy; itj;J

foj;J tpisahLfpwJ.

CA;, CA;, f;h;, f;h; vd;W

csWfpwJ.

155.tJ ehs; FHe;ij vg;gg;ghh;j;jhYk; ma;

ca; vd;Wk; fj;jpf;fpl;Ljhd;

nUf;fpwJ. mogf;fo f;a;, f;a;,

ma; ca; vd;

Wk; f;a;, f;a;, CA;, nA; vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ.

CA;, nA; vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ.

156.tJ ehs; FHe;ij f;fh vd;Wk; rphpf;fpwJ.

mk;k vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ.

bte;ePhpy; Fspg;ghl;odhy; ed;whf

mah;e;J JhA;FfpwJ.

FHe;ij f;fh vd;Wk; mk;k

vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ.

157.tJ ehs; FHe;ij MuhtJ khjj;jpy;

ed;whf cl;fhh;e;jpUf;fpwJ.

tPl;ow;F ahh; te;jhYk;; rj;jk;

BghLkhk;. CA;, CA;, f;aht;

f;aht; vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ.

FHe;ijia Jhf;fp epw;f

itj;jhy; mg;goBa epw;fpwJ.

mg;goBa epd;whYk; Byrh

Mof;fpl;L epw;fpwJ. FHe;ijf;F

ehs; Mf Mf fPBH

gLf;fKoatpy;iy. Vd; vd;why;

JUJUbtd;W Mofpl;Lk;

fj;jpfpl;Lk; rj;jk; Bghl;L

mlk;gz;zpfpl;Ljhd; nUf;fpwJ.

cl;fhu itj;jhy; a{ totpy;

jhd; cl;fhh;fpwJ. Fjpfhiy

nuz;ila[k; xl;odkhjphp

itj;Jjhd; cl;fhu

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. FHe;ijapd;

gf;fj;jpy; ahuhtJ te;J

FHe;ij CA;, CA;, f;aht;,

f;aht; vdWk; brhy;fpwJ.

cl;fhh;e;jhy; bghUs; vJt[k;

itj;jpUe;jhy; mej bghUis

vLj;J lf;lf; vd;W fPBH

jiuapy; Bghl;L mof;fpwJ.

thapy; itj;Jk; fof;fpwJ. fPBH

jtwptpl;lhy; mij Bjl

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

158.tJ.ehs; FHe;ijf;F mjpfk; gHFfpd;wth;

Kfk; bjhpe;jhy; BghJk; clBd

f;a;, f;h;, f;h;, Ca; vd;bwy;yhk;

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. ehd;F

gf;fKk; Rw;wp Rw;wp tUfpwJ.

ahh; Tg;gpl;lhYk; rj;jk; Bfl;L

rphpf;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

mk;khtpd; Bjhy;kPJ FHe;ijia

gLf;fitj;jhy; mk;khtpd; Bjhy;

gl;ilia fof;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

vg;go vd;why; Na;Na; vd;W

nUf;fkh gy;iy foj;Jf;

bfhz;L thia KPof;bfhz;L

fof;fpwJ.

f;a;,f;a;, f;h;f;h;, Ca;

vdbwy;yhk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

159.tJ ehs; rpy rkaA;fspy; ehk; Bgr;R

bfhLj;jhy;

fz;Lbfhs;skhl;BlA;FJ.

jhdh f;a; f;aht;, ca;, CA; vd;W

csWfpwJ. Mdhy; ne;j

khjj;jpy; ehk; vd;d

brhy;fpd;Bwhk; vd;W g[hpe;Jf;

bfhs;fpwJ. ehk; vd;d bra;a

fHe;ij jhdh f;a;, f;aht;,

ca;, CA; vd;W csWfpwJ.

brhy;fpwBkh mij mg;goBa

bra;fpwJ.

160.tJ ehs; mg;gh brhy;ypf; bfhLf;fpwhh;

f;a{ f;a{ vd;W me;j FHe;ij f;a;,

f;a;f;a; vd;W brhy;y

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. mk;khtpd;

ifia thapy; itj;J

tpisahLfpwJ. mg;gh Fuy;

Bfl;lhy; BghJk; clBd f;ahA;

CA; vd;Wcswpfpl;L mg;ghtplk;

ifia ePl;o Jhf;f brhy;fpwJ.

FHe;ij ghy; Fof;Fk; BghJ cf;

cf;bfd;W jhd; rj;jk; Bghl;L

Fof;fpwJ. mjpfkh ghy;

Foj;jhy; bghiwBawp

bfhs;fpwJ. FHe;ijapd;

jiyia Cjptpl;lhy;

epd;WtpLfpwJ. gpwF ed;whf

ghy; Fof;fpwJ.

mg;gh brhy;ypf;

bfhLf;fpwhh; f;a{ f;a{ vd;W

FHe;ija[k; f;a;, f;a;f;a; vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ.

161.tJ ehs; FHe;ij ed;whf

Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhz;Bl g[wYfpd;wJ.

bghk;ikia ifapy; bfhLj;J

fPBH cl;fhu itj;jhy;

bghk;ikia nuz;L ifahYk;

gpoj;J thapy; itj;J

foj;Jf;bfhz;Bl CA;CA;, vd;W

FHe;ij CA;CA; vd;W rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

162.tJ ehs; FHe;ij mof;fo nA; brhy;ypf;

bfhz;Bl gpwF CA;, ca;, ca;,

f;h;, f;a;, Ta;Ta;, f;a; vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ. vgbghKJk;

CA;CA;, CA;ca;,ca; vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ.

FHe;ij mof;fo nA;

brhy;fpwJ. gpwF CA;, ca;,

f;h;, f;a;, Ta;Ta;,f;a; vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ.

163.tJ ehs; FHe;ij mg;ghit ghh;j;J mgh

vd;W brhy;fpwJ. ca;ca;,

f;h;f;a; vd;Wk;, lhl;;, lhl; vd;Wk;

rj;jk; Bghl;L tpisahLfpwJ.

bghk;ikia ifapy; vLj;J

thapy; itj;J tpisahLk;BghJk;

CA;CA;, TT m vd;Wk; rj;jk;

Bghl;L tpisahLfpwJ.

mg;ghit ghh;j;J mgh

vd;W brhy;fpwJ. ca; ca;,

f;h;f;a;, vd;Wk; lhl; lhl;

vd;Wk; CA;CA;, T T vd;Wk;

rj;jk; Bghl;L

tpisahLfpwJ.

164.tJ ehs; FHe;ij jhdhf cl;fhut[k;

bra;fpwJ. fPBH

gLj;Jf;bfhz;L beq;rhy; efh;e;J

efh;e;J tpisahl Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

f;a;f;a;, CA;CA;, vd;Wk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

f;a;f;a;, CA;CA; vd;Wk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

165.tJ ehs; FHe;ij vg;gg; ghh;j;jhYk;

CA;CA;, TT vd;Wk; f;a;f;a;, f;h;

f;a{f;a{ vd;Wk; TT vd;Wk; lhl;

lhl;, lhl; vd;W jiuia ifahy;

moj;J tpisahofpl;Bl k;CA;,

FHe;ij vg;gg; ghh;j;jhYk;

CA;CA;, f;a;f;a;, f;h;,f;a{f;a{

vd;Wk; lhl; lhl;, lhl; vd;W

ifahy; jiuia moj;J

k;CA;, k;CA; vd;Wk; rj;jk;

k;CA; vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

vd;dg;gh rj;jk; vd;W mg;gh

Bfl;fpwhh;, FHe;ij k;CA;,

k;CA;k;CA; vd;W brhy;fpwJ.

BghLfpwJ. FHe;ij k;CA;,

k;CA;k;CA; vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ.

166.tJ ehs; FHe;ijia fPBH epw;f itj;jhy;

fPBH Fdpe;Jf; bfhz;L ehf;if

btspapy; ePl;o CA; k;CA;k;CA;

vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghlfpwJ.

f;h;f;h;, ca;ca; vd;Wk; f;aht;

f;aht; vd;Wk; ch;ch; vd;Wk;

mjpfkhf rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

FHe;ijia mg;gh Jhf;fpdhy;

BghJk; clBd k;CA; k;CA;

vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

FHe;ijapd; thapy; Eiu

Eiuahf ckpH;ePh; btsp

tUfpwJ. FHe;ij mg;ghtplk;

bry;fpwJ. CA;CA;, vd;Wk;

f;h;f;h;, Fa;Fa; vd;bwy;yhk;

brhy;fpwJ. mof;fo lhl; lhl;

vd;Wk; f;a;h f;a; vd;Wk; ca; ca;

vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

FHe;ij ehf;fif btspapy;

ePl;o CA; k;CA;k;CA; vd;Wk;

f;h;f;h;, ca;ca;, f;aht; f;aht;

vd;Wk; ch;ch; vd;Wk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.mg;gh Jhf;fpdhy;

BghJk; k;CA; k;CA; vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ. mg;ghtplk;

FHe;ij bry;fpwJ, CA;CA;,

vd;Wk; f;h;f;h;, Fa;Fa;,

vd;bwy;yhk; brhy;fpwJ.

167.tJ ehs; FHe;ij if fhy;fis

Cd;wpjhd; cl;fhUfpwJ. ehk;

brhy;tij g[hpe;Jf;

bfhs;fpwJ.Bgr;R bfhLj;jhy;

rphpf;ft[k; bra;fpwJ. nuz;L

fhy;yisa[k; a{ totpy; itj;J

cl;fhh;fpwJ. ca;ca;, f;h;f;h;,

FHe;ij ca;ca;, f;h;f;h;

vd;Wk; BgRfpwJ.

vd;W BgRfpwJ. Fg;g[wg;

gLj;Jf; bfhz;Bl efh;e;J

tUfpd;wJ.

168.tJ ehs; FHe;ij mof;fo Mf;MA;,

Mf;mA;, f;h; vd;W

csWfpwJ.FHe;ijapd; gf;fj;jpy;

cl;fhh;e;J Bgr;R bfhLj;jhy;

FHe;ij lhl; lhl; vd;W rj;jk;

Bghl;L fj;JfpwJ. mg;ghtpd;

fhiy ed;whf cijj;Jf;

bfhz;L khw;wp khw;wp ifia

ePl;oa[k; tpisahLfpwJ. FHe;ij

CA;CA;, vd;Wk; Mf;MA; vd;Wk;

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. ca;ca;,

f;a;f;a;, csWfpwJ.

FHe;ij mof;fo Mf;MA;,

Mf;MA;, f;h; vd;Wk;

csWfpwJ. lhl; lhl;

vd;Wk; fj;JfpwJ. FHe;ij

CA;CA;, vd;Wk; Mf;MA;

vd;Wk; ca;ca;, f;a;f;a; vd;Wk;

csWfpwJ.

169.tJ ehs; FHe;ij lhl; lhl;, lhl; lhl;

vd;Wk; ifahy; jiuia Bghl;L

moj;Jf; fhl;LfpwJ. ghl;L

f;h;f;h; vd;W brhy;ypf;

bfhLg;gij mg;goBa

FHe;ija[k; f;h;f;h; vd;W

brhy;fpwJ.CA;CA;, Ca;Ca;

vd;Wk; nA; vd;Wk; NN vd;Wk;

brhy;y Muk;gpf;fpwJ. jobud

mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ. gpwF A;A;

vd;bwy;yhk; Tl brhy;fpwJ.

mg;ghtpd; Kf;if gpoj;J

fof;fpwJ. FHe;ij CdA;

FHe;ij lhl; lhl;, vd;Wk;

ifahy; jiuia Bghl;L

moj;J fhl;LfpwJ. f;h;f;h;,

CA;CA;, Ca;Ca; vd;Wk;

brhy;y

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.FHe;ij CdA;

CdA;, vd;Wk; CA;Ca; vd;Wk;

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

CdA;, vd;Wk; ca;ca; vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ. FHe;ijia ghl;o

jpl;odhy; FHe;ij CA;CA;

vd;Wk; rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ.

170.tJ ehs; FHe;ij jhdhf CdA;Cd;A

vd;Wk; vsWfpd;wJ. mg;gh

re;Bjhrg; gLfpwhh;. ca; ca;,

f;a;f;a; vd;bwy;yhk; csWfpwJ.

ghl;o Bgr;R bfhLj;jhy;

mjw;F jiyia Ml;o

rphpf;fpwJ. vg;gg; ghh;j;jhYk;

ca;ca;, f;a;f;a; vd;bwy;yhk;

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. TT vd;Wk;

csWfpwJ. Mf;Mt; Mf;Mt;

vd;bwy;yhk; csWfpwJ.

FHe;ij ca;ca;, f;a;f;a;,

vd;Wk; ca; ca; csWfpwJ.

ghl;o Bgr;R bfhLj;jhy;

mjw;F jiyia Ml;o

rphpf;fpwJ. vg;gg; ghh;j;jhYk;

ca;ca;, f;a;f;a;, vd;Wk; TT

vd;Wk; csWfpwJ.

Mf;Mt;, Mf;Mt;

vd;bwy;yhk; csWfpwJ.

171.tJ ehs; FHe;ijaplk; mk;kh Bgr;R

bfhLj;jhy; FHe;ij t;tha; A;fha;

vd;Wk; Fuy; bfhLf;fpwJ.

FHe;ijaplk; mk;kh Bgr;R

bfhLj;jhy; FHe;ij t;tha;

A;tha; vd;Wk; Fuy;

bfhLf;fpwJ.

172.tJ ehs; FHe;ij ca;ca; vd;fpwJ. nA;

ca;ca; vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ.

FHe;ij ca;ca; vd;fpwJ.

nA; ca;ca; vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ.

173.tJ ehs; FHe;ij mof;fo Fg;g[w gLj;Jf;

bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ. l;lhl;

l;lhl; vd;W jiuia jl;o

brhy;fpwJ.kPz;Lk; l;lhl; vdt[k;

CA;CA;, vdt[k; f;a;f;a; vd;Wk;

csWfpwJ. mg;gh brhy;ypf;

bfhLf;fpwhh; f;a;f;a; f;h;f;a; vd;W

FHe;ija[k; f;a;f;a; f;h;f;a; vd;W

mg;ghitBa cw;W ftdpf;fpwJ.

gpwFk; CA;CA;, A;A; vd;Wk;

mg;ghitg; ghh;j;J FHe;ij

mgh vd;W Tg;gpLfpwJ.

mg;gh re;Bjhrg;gLfpwhh;.

FHe;ij l;lhl; l;lhl; vd;W

jiuia jl;o jl;o

brhy;fpwJ. kPz;Lk; l;lhl;

vdt[k; CA;CA; f;a;f;a; vd;Wk;

csWfpwJ. mg;gh

brhy;tij mg;goBa f;a;f;a;

vd;W mg;ghitBa cw;W

ftdpf;fpwJ.gpwFk; CA;CA;,

A;A; vd;Wk; vd;Wk;

mg;ghitg; ghh;j;J FJe;ij

mgh vd;W Tg;gpLfpwJ.

mg;gh re;Bjhrg;gLfpwhh;

174.tJ.ehs; FHE;ij Fg;g[wg;gLj;Jf;bfhz;Bl

tpisahlt[k; bra;fpwJ.

mBjhl CA;CA; f;a; f;h;t;

vd;Wk; csWfpwJ. xU rpy

rkaA;fspy; FHe;ij TA; TA;

vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

mg;ghit fKj;J typf;f

ghh;j;Jf; bfhz;Bl nUf;fpwJ.

me;j FHe;ij g;h;g;h; vd;Wk;

cjl;il gpJf;fpdkhjphp itj;J

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. FHe;ijia

ghh;j;J mg;gh Bfl;fpwhh;,

Vk;g;gh vd;id ng;go ghh;f;fpw

vd;W mjw;F me;j FHe;ij

CA;CA; vd;W brhy;fpwJ.

FHe;ij CA;CA; f;a; f;h;t;

vd;Wk; csWfpwJ. TA;TA;

vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

FHe;ij g;h;g;h; vd;Wk; CA;CA;

vd;Wk;, Mh;Mt; vd;Wk;

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. Mh;t;MA;

nA; vd;Wk; csWfpwJ.

nA;CA; CCA; cd;Wk; Ca;a;

vd;Wk; rj;jk; BGhLfpwJ.

mg;gitg; ghh;j;J mgh

mgh vd;Wk; Tg;gpLfpwJ.

vg;bghKJ ghh;j;jhYk; Mh;Mt;

vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

FHe;ij Mh;t; MA; nA; vd;W

csWfpwJ. nA;CA; CCA;

vd;Wk; Ca;a; vd;Wk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. mg;ghit mgh

mgh vd;Wk; Tg;gpLfpwJ.

175.tJ ehs; FHe;ij efh;e;J efh;e;J te;J

tpisahLfpwJ. nutpy; FHe;ij

JhA;fhky; rpupj;Jf;bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ. rphpf;Fk;BghJ

CA; CA; vd;Wk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

FHe;ij rphpf;Fk;BghJ CA;

CA; vd;Wk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

176.tJ ehs; FHe;ij lhlhl; lhlhl; vd;Wk;

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. thia

ed;whf jpwe;J Ma;A; Ma;A;

maA; vd;W rphpf;fpwJ. f;h;f;h;

vd;bw y;yhk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. FHe;ij ghy;

Fof;Fk;BghLJ cf;cf;bfd;W

rj;jk; Bghl;L Fof;fpd;wJ.

FHe;ij JhA;Fk;BghBj CA;CA;

vd;Wk; rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;bfhz;Bl

JhA;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

FHe;ij lhlhl; lhlhl;

vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

thia ed;whf jpwe;J Ma;A;

Ma;A; maA; vd;W rphpf;fpwJ.

f;h;f;h; vd;Wk; ghy;

Fof;Fk;BghJ cf;cf;bfd;W

rj;jk; Bghl;L Fof;fpwJ.

FHe;ij JhA;Fk; BghBj

CA;CA; vd;Wk; rj;jk;

Bghl;Lf;bfhz;Bl JhAf

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

177.tJ ehs; nA; nA;, f;h;f;h;, f;a{f;a{ vd;Wk;

lhl; lhl; vd;Wk; CdA;CdA;

vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

mg;gh mk;kh Bgr;R bfhLj;jhy;

mjw;F jFe;jhw;Bghy; jiyia

Ml;Lfpd;wd.

nA; nA;, f;h;f;h;, f;a{f;a{

vd;Wk; lhl; lhl; vd;Wk;

CdA; CdA; vd;Wk;

BgRfpd;wd.

178.tJ ehs; FHe;ijia ghl;o jpl;odhy;

CA;cA; vd;W rphpf;fpwJ. ifia

fPBH jl;o jl;o rphpj;Jk;

tpisahLfpwJ. nA;A;, k;CA;

vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ. f;a;f;a;,

f;h;f;h; vd;Wk; ca;ca;, TT

vd;Wk; thia Ftp epiyapy;

itj;J tpisahLfpwJ.

FHe;ijia ghl;o jpl;odhy;

CA;cA; vd;Wk; rphpf;fpwJ.

nA;A;, k;CA; vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ. f;a;f;a;, f;h;f;h;

vd;Wk; ca;ca;, TT vd;Wk;

thia Ftp epiyapy; itj;J

tpisahLfpwJ.

179.tJ ehs; FHe;ij ve;j BeuKk;; ca;a;, Ta;,

Cd;A; vd;Wk; cswpf;bfhz;Bl

nUf;fpwJ.

FHe;ij ca;a;, Ta;, Cd;A;

vd;Wk; cswpfpl;Bl

nUf;fpwJ.

180.tJ ehs; FHe;ij xUf;fypj;Jf; bfhz;L

gpwF Fg;g[j;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ.

ed;whf efh;e;J efh;e;J

tpisahLfpwJ. mof;fo CA;

CA; vd;Wk; csWfpwJ. ne;j

FHe;ij ey;y tsh;r;rp epiyia

milfpwJ. mof;fo mgh

mkh vd;Wk; brhy;y

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

FHe;ij mgh mkh vd;Wk;

brhy;y Muk;gpj;Jtpl;lJ.

181.tJ ehs; FHe;ij mg;gh Fuy; Bfl;lJk;

milahsk; fz;Lf; bfhs;fpwJ.

mg;gh fpl;l tu tu nuz;L

iffisa[k; jl;o jl;o rphpj;Jf;

bfhz;Bl Cd;A;, ca; vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ.

mg;gh fpl;l tu tu

nuz;Liffisa[k; jl;o

jl;o rphpj;Jf; bfhz;Bl

Cd;A;, ca; vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ.

182.tJ ehs; FHe;ijf;F grp te;jhy; clBd

mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ. ghy;

Foj;jg; gpwF rphpf;f

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.gpd;dh;

tpisahlt[k; bra;fpwJ.

bghk;ikia ifapy; vLj;J

thapy; itj;J; fof;fpwJ.

xUf;fypj;Jf; bfhz;L nA;,

Cd;A; ca;a;, vd;Wk;

tpisahLfpwJ.

FHe;ij xUf;fypj;Jf;

bfhz;L nA;, Cd;A; ca;a;

vd;Wk; tpisahLfpwJ.

183.tJ ehs; FHe;ij mg;ghitg; ghh;j;J

mgh vd;Wk; Tg;gpLfpwJ.

mg;gh re;Bjhrg;gLfpwhh;.

g;h;g;h,; vd;W vr;rpy;

bfhl;Lkstpw;F, nuz;L

cjl;ila[k; gpJf;fpd khjphp

itj;J g;gh; vd;Wk;

tpisahLfpwJ. xUf;fypj;J

Fg;g[j;Jf; bfhz;L

tpisahLfpwJ.TT, ca;ca;

vdt[k; brhy;fpwJ.

FHe;ij mg;ghitg; ghh;j;J

mgh vd;Wk; Tg;gpLfpwJ.

mg;gh re;Bjhrg;gLfpwhh;.

g;h;g;h,; vd;W vr;rpy;

bfhl;Lkstpw;F, nuz;L

cjl;ila[k; gpJf;fpd khjphp

itj;J g;gh; vd;Wk;

tpisahLfpwJ. xUf;fypj;J

Fg;g[j;Jf; bfhz;L

tpisahLfpwJ.TT, ca;ca;

vdt[k; brhy;fpwJ.

184. tJ ehs; Btfkhf rj;jk; Bghl;L mHt[k;

bra;fpwJ. mBj rkak; rhppf;ft[k;

bra;fpwJ. nuz;L iffisa[k;

Brh;j;J jl;o jl;o tpisahlt[k;

bra;fpwJ. grp tUk;BghJ mH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. nA; nA; vd;Wk;

rphpf;fpwJ. mof;fo T, T

vdt[k; brhy;fpwJ.

grp tUk;BghJ mH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. nA; nA;

vd;Wk; rphpf;fpwJ. mof;fo

T, T vdt[k; brhy;fpwJ.

185.tJ.ehs; FHe;ijf;F rhg;ghL Bghl;Lf;

bfhLj;jhy; ed;whfBt rhg;gplt[k;

bra;fpwJ. mBj rkak; ifahy;

jl;o jl;o tpisahLfpwJ.

buhk;gt[k; Jhuj;ij cw;W

Behf;FfpwJ. mk;k vd;Wk;

Tg;gpLfpwJ. mof;fo CA;,

CA; Cz; vd;Wk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. mg;ghitg; ghh;j;J

rj;jk; Bghl;L rphpf;fpwJ. mg;g

vd;Wk; CA;CA; vdt[k;

brhy;fpwJ. mof;fo cc

vdt[k;, fhf;fhitg; ghh;j;J Cd;

Cd; vdt[k; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

FHe;ij mk;k vd;Wk;

Tg;gpLfpwJ. mof;fo CA;,

CA; Cz; vd;Wk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. mg;g vd;Wk;

CA;CA; vdt[k; brhy;fpwJ.

mof;fo cc vdt[k;

fhf;fhitg; ghh;j;J Cd;Cd;

vdt[k; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

186.tJehs; FHe;ij mg;ghitg; ghh;j;J if

jl;o rphpf;fpwJ. clBd

mk;kht[k; ghh;j;J rphpf;fpwhs;.

mLj;j FHe;ijia ghh;j;jhy;

Kfj;ij xU khjphpah itj;Jg

ghh;j;Jf; bfhz;Bl cw;W

ghh;f;fpwJ.gpwF if jl;o rphpf;f

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. clBd

FHe;ij C C vd;W

tpisahLfpwJ. f;h; f;h; f;a{

f;a{ vd;Wk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

mk;kht[k; rphpf;f Muk;gpf;fpwhs;.

C C vd;Wk; tpisahLfpwJ.

mjpf Beuk; mg;ghtplk; jhd;

nUf;fpwJ. clBd mk;khtpw;F

Bfhgk; tUfpwJ. FHe;ijaplk;

brhy;fpwhs; eP vd;dplk; tuhBj

Bgh vd;W brhy;fpwhs;. FHe;ij

rphpf;fpwJ. f;h; f;h; f;a{ f;a{

vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

187.tJ ehs; FHe;ij ed;whf tpisahLfpwJ.

nuz;L iffisa[k; Brh;j;J jl;o

jl;o mg;g mg;g vd;W thapy;

vr;rpy; tUk; mstpw;F mg;ghit

miHj;jg;go, nuz;L

fhy;fisa[k; Beuhf a{ totpy;

itj;J cl;fhh;e;J

tpisahLfpwJ.

188.tJ ehs; FHe;ij xt;bthU khjj;ij

milifapy; ey;y tsh;r;rp

epiyia milfpwJ.

fhf;fhitg; ghh;j;J fhf; vd;W

Tg;gpLfpwJ. mk;khitg;

ghh;j;jt[ld; mk;k fhf; fhf;

vd;W brhy;ypf;bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ. gf;fj;JtPl;L

ghl;oia ghh;j;jJk; Ck; Ck;

vd;W Tg;gpLfpwJ. ghl;o

vd;dg;gh vd;W rj;jk;

BghLfpwhs;.

FHe;ij fhf;fhitg;

ghh;j;J fhf; vd;W

Tg;gpLfpwJ. mk;khitg;

ghh;j;jt[ld; mk;k fhf; fhf;

vd;W brhy;ypf;bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ. gf;fj;J

tPl;L ghl;oiag; ghh;j;jJk;

Ck; Ck; vd;W

Tg;gpLfpwJ.ghl;o vd;dg;gh

vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwhs;

189.tJ ehs;

FHe;ijf;F bjhpe;jth; ahuhtJ

te;jhy; clBd fz;fis

rpkpl;LfpwJ. CA; CA; CC,

TT vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

FHe;ij efh;e;J efh;e;J

bry;fpwJ. Ck; Ck; vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ.

FHe;ijf;F bjhpe;jth;

ahuhtJ te;jhy; clBd

fz;fis rpkpl;LfpwJ. CA;

CA; CC, TT vd;W rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. FHe;ij efh;e;J

efh;e;J bry;fpwJ. Ck;Ck;

vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ.

190. tJehs; FHe;ijia fPBH cl;fhu

itj;Jtpl;L mk;kh ghj;jpuA;fis

btsf;fpf; bfhz;L nUf;Fk;BghJ

FHe;ij ne;j FHe;ij efh;e;J

Bgha; ml;ilia gpoj;J thapy;

itj;J foj;J ifapy; itj;J

eRf;fp gpr;rp gpr;rp

tpisahLfpwJ. clBd mk;kh

te;J FHe;ijapd; ifia fGtp

thapy; cs;s ml;ilia fGtp

Jilj;Jtpl;L FHe;ijia BtW

nlj;jpy; clfhu itj;J tpl;L

ghj;jpuA;fis fGt[whA;f,

FHe;ij mGfpwJ.

191.tJ ehs; FHe;ij jhdhfBt CA; CA;

vd;W tpisahLfpwJ. xU Kiw

mk;k vd;Wk; xU Kiw mg;g

vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ. fPBH

jiuia jl;o jl;o

tpisahLfpwJ. C C, Ck; Ck;

vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ.

FHe;ij jhdhfBt

CA; CA; vd;Wk;

tpisahLfpwJ. xU Kiw

mk;k vd;Wk; xU Kiw mg;g

vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ. fPBH

jiuia jl;o jl;o

tpisahLfpwJ. CC,

Ck;Ck; vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ.

192.tJ ehs; FHe;ij jpobud tPh; vd;W

mGfpwJ. mg;gh Xo te;J

vd;dg;gh jk;gp vd;W brhy;ypf;

bfhz;Bl FHe;ijia mg;gh

Jhf;fpf;bfhz;L Kj;jk;

bfhLf;fpwhh;. FHe;ij cA; CA;

va; ca; vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

FHe;ij jhdhf Fa;Fa; cc Ck;

Ck; vd;Wk; rj;jk;BghLfpwJ.

mk;kh FHe;ijia Jhf;fp

tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lfpwhh;.

FHe;ija[k; mg;ghit cw;W

ghh;f;fpwJ. mg;ghtpd; Kfj;ij

gpoj;J fof;fpwJ. h;k;f;h; f;h;

vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

FHe;ij cA; CA; va;

ca; vd;Wk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. FHe;ij jhdhf

Fa;Fa; cc Ck; Ck; vd;Wk;

rj;jk; BGyhLfpwJ.

mg;ghtpd; Kfj;ij gpoj;J

fof;fpwJ. h;k;f;h; f;h; vd;Wk;

rj;jk;BghLfpwJ.

193. tJehs; mg;gh FHe;ijia jk;gp nA;f

thg;gh bry;ykh ne;jho

bghk;ik vd;W brhy;yp

Tg;gpl;lJk; FHe;ij clBd

efh;e;J efh;e;J mg;ghfpl;l

te;JtpLfpwJ.

194.tJehs; mk;kh FHe;ijaplk; brhy;fpwhs;

jk;gp nA;f ghUg;gh, fha;f;fhuh;

tuhh; mtiu Tg;gpLg;gh vd;W

ifia ePl;o CC f;h; f;h; vd;W

rj;jk; Bghl;L mH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

FHe;ij fha;f;fhuiu

ifia ePl;o CC f;h; f;h;

vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L mH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

195.tJehs; FHe;ijapd; ghl;o te;J jk;gp

vd;dg;gh gz;w vd;W ghl;o

rj;jk; Bghl;lt[ld; me;j FHe;ij

clBd bghk;ikia ifapy;

vLj;J thapy; itj;J foj;Jf;

bfhz;Bl rphpf;fpwJ. nfp nfp

vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L rphpf;fpwJ.

jpobud bghk;ikia fPBH

Bghl;Ltpl;L mg;gh te;jt[ld;

mt;mt; f;a; nA; vd;W rj;jk;

Bghl;L bfhz;Bl mg;ghtplk;

bry;fpwJ.

FHe;ij nfp nfp

vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L

rphpf;fpwJ.jpobud

bghk;ikia fPBH Ghl;Ltpl;L

mg;gh te;jt[ld; mt; mt;

f;a;nA; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L

bfhz;Bl mg;ghtplk;

bry;fpwJ.

196.tJ ehs; FHe;ijia fPBH gLf;f

itj;jhy; mk;khitg; ghh;j;J

mkh vd;W rphpf;fpwJ. clBd

FHe;ijia Jhf;fp koapy;

itj;J jhj;jh vd;W

brhy;Yg;gh, me;j FHe;ij j;j

vd;W brhy;fpwJ. Mahitg

ghh;j;J Mah vd;W brhy;ypf;

bfhLj;jhy; Ma;a; vd;W

mGj;jkh brhy;fpwJ. jhdhfBt

csWfpwJ. ghg;gh vd;Wk;,

BtW FHe;ijfisg; ghh;j;jhy;

j;jh cFk; cFk; vd;Wk; ifia

nuz;ila[k; Brh;j;J jl;of;

bfhz;Bl Tg;gpLfpwJ. clBd

mg;gh te;J me;j FHe;ijia

fhl;o ghg;gh Btz;Lkhg;gh

vd;fpwhh;, CA; vd;W brhy;fpwJ,

FHe;ijia fPBH

gLf;f itj;jhy; mk;khitg;

ghh;j;J mkh vd;W

rphpf;fpwJ. jhj;jh vd;W

brhy;ypf; bfhLj;jhy; j;j

vd;W brhy;fpwJ.

Mahitg; ghh;j;J Ma;a;

vd;W mGj;jkh brhy;fpwJ.

BtW FHe;ijfisg;

ghh;j;jhy; j;jh cFk; cFk;

vd;Wk; ifia nuz;ila[k;

Brh;j;J jl;of; bfhz;Bl

Tg;gpLfpwJ. mg;gh BtW

FHe;ijiaf; fhl;o ghh;hg

Btz;Lkhg;gh vd;fpwhh;, CA;

vd;W brhy;fpwJ.

FHe;ijaplk; Bgrpfp;l;Bl

tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lfpwhh;.

197.tJ ehs; FHe;ij jhdhfBt xUf;fypj;Jg;

gLf;fpwJ. gpwF Fg;g[j;Jf;

bfhs;fpwJ. gLj;Jf;bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ.

198.tJehs; FHe;ij jhdhfBt mk;kh koapy;

Vwp cl;fhh;e;J mk;khtplk;

tpisahLfpwJ. mg;gh

te;jt[ld; mg;ghitg; ghh;j;jJk;

ifia jl;o jl;o mk;khitg;

ghh;f;f brhy;fpwJ.

199.tJ ehs; FHe;ijaplk; ahuhtJ Kfk;

bjhpe;jth; te;jhy; clBd

fz;fis RUf;fp itj;Jf;fpl;Bl

rphpf;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

mth;fSk; FHe;ijia Jhf;fp

Kj;jk; bfhLj;Jf; bfhz;Bl

rphpf;fpwhh;. FHe;ij CA;k; CA;k;

vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

FHe;ij CA;k; CA;k;

vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

100.tJ ehs; xU rpy BeuA;fspy; FHe;ijf;F

Kfk; bjhpahjth; te;jhy;

bkhur;rp ghh;f;fpwJ. mth;fs;

FHe;ijfpl;l te;J ifia ePl;o

thg;gh vd;W Tg;gpl;lhy;

gae;Jfpl;L tuhky; mk;khit

nUf;fkh gpoj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ.

CA; CA; k;TA; k;TA; vd;W

mk;khit nUf;fkh

gpoj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ. CA;

CA; k;TA; k;TA; vd;W

rj;jk;’ BghLfpwJ.

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

101.tJ ehs; ghl;l te;J Tg;gpl;lhy; kl;Lk;

clBd jhtpr; bry;fpwJ. ghl;l

FHe;ijia nLg;gpy; clfhu

itj;J ele;Jf; bfhz;Bl

tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lfpwhh;,

fhf;fhitg; ghUg;gh vd;W,

FHe;ij fhf; vd;W ifia jl;o

brhy;fpwJ. rphpf;ft[k; bra;fpwJ.

grp te;jJk; ghl;oia jl;LfpwJ.

mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ. clBd

FHe;ijia mk;khtplk;

bfhLf;fpwhh;.

FHe;ij fhf;fhitg;

ghh;j;J fhf; vd;W ifia

jl;o brhy;fpwJ.

102.tJ ehs; FHe;ij fPBH gLj;Jf; bfhz;L

nuz;L fhy;fisa[k; nuz;L

ifahy; gpoj;J tpisahLfpwJ.

TT a;a; a;a; vd;Wk; rj;jk;

Bghl;L bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ. rpwpJ Beuk;

fHpj;J nuz;L ifat[k; Brh;j;J

bfhz;L jl;o jl;o f;a; f;a;

vd;W tpisahLfpwJ. gpwF

ghh;j;jhy; g[wz;L gLj;Jf;fpl;L

tpisahLfpwJ. beq;rhy; efu

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. efh;e;J efh;e;J

bghk;ikia vLj;J thapy;

itj;J flf;fpwJ.

TT a;a; a;a; vd;Wk;

rj;jk; Bghl;lf; bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ. rpwpJ Beuk;

fHpj;J nuz;L ifat[k;

Brh;j;J bfhz;L jl;o jl;o

f;a; f;a; vd;W tpisahLfpwJ.

103.tJ ehs; FHe;ijia Fspahl;Lk;BghJ

ne;j FHe;ij jdhfBt

jz;zPhpy; ifia ePl;LfpwJ.

FHe;ijia fhypy; epkph;j;jpg;

Bghl;L Brhg;g[ BghLk;BghJ

ifia vLj;J FHe;ijapd;

beq;rpd;Bky; itj;J Bja;j;jhy;

clBd ifia fPBH

Bghl;LtpLk;. h;f;k; h;f;k; ca;k;

ca;k; vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

FHe;ij Fspf;Fk;BghJ

h;f;k; h;f;k; ca;k; ca;k; vd;Wk;

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

104.tJ ehs; FHe;ijf;F grp te;jJk;

buhl;oia jz;zPupy; eidj;J

gpire;J bfhq;rkh thapy;

itj;jhy; FHe;ij ed;whf

ehf;if btspapy; ePl;o rg;g[f;

bfhl;o rhg;gpLfpwJ. g;g;k; g;g;k;

vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L

rhg;gpLfpwJ. CA;CA; vd;Wk;

rj;jk; tUfpwJ. ifia ePl;o

mk;k CA;k; CA;k; vd;Wk; brhy;fp

wJ.t{t{ vd;Wk; ca; ca; vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ. jpobud mGif

tUfpwJ. Na;a; Na;a; vd;Wk;

mGfpwJ. FHe;ijf;F

FHe;ij g;g;k; g;g;k;

vd;Wk; rj;jk; rhg;gpLfpwJ.

CA;CA; vd;Wk; rj;jk;

tUfpwJ. ifia ePl;o mk;k

CA;k; CA;k; vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ. t{t{ vd;Wk;

ca;ca; vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ.jpobud mGif

tUfpwJ. Na;a; Na;a; vd;Wk;

mGfpwJ.

105.tJ ehs; FHe;ij Fg;g[w gLj;Jf;

bfhz;Bl rphpf;fpwJ.rphpj;Jf;

bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ. gpwF

mHt[k; bra;fpwJ. mk;khitg

ghh;j;jJk; mk;k vd;Wk;

Tg;gpLfpwJ.if fhy;fis

Ml;ofpl;L Mde;jkh

kfpH;rpa[ld; mk;khitg;

ghh;f;fpwJ.

106.tJ ehs; FHe;ij ed;whf JhA;ft[k;

bra;fpwJ. g[wz;L gLj;J

tpisahLk; BghJ mg;goBa

efut[k; bra;fpd;wJ. mof;fo

nA;f; nA;f; vdt[k; CA; f;h;

vd;Wk; jhdhfBt csWfpd;J.

mk;khit fz;lhy; CC vd

thia Ftp epiyapy; itj;Jk;

Tg;gpLfpwJ.

mof;fo nA;f; nA;f;

vdt[k; CA; f;h; vd;Wk;

jhdhfBt csWfpd;wJ.

mk;khitf; fz;lhy; CC

vd thia Ftp epiyap;y;

itj;Jk; Tg;gpLfpwJ.

107.tJ ehs; FHe;ij ahiu ghh;j;jhYk;

ifia jl;o rphpf;fpwJ. CA;

CA; f;h; f;h; vd;bwy;yhk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. gf;fj;jpy; bghk;ik

fplg;gijg; ghh;j;jJk; clBd

jhtp efh;e;J te;J bghk;ikia

thapy; itj;J fof;fpd;wJ.

gpwF mHt[k; bra;fpd;wJ. fPBH

vjhtJ Cwp te;jhy; mjid

gpoj;J thapy; itj;J jpd;Wtpl;L

mGfpd;wJ.

FHe;ij ahiug

ghh;j;jhYk; ifia jl;o

rphpf;fpwJ. CA; CA; f;h; f;h;

vd;bwy;yhk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

108.tJ ehs; FHe;ijapd; mg;gh FHe;ijia

Jhf;fp bfhq;Rfpwhh;. FHe;ija[k;

rphpf;fpwJ.

109.tJ ehs; FHe;ij ne;j VHhtJ khjj;jpy;

ed;whf fhy;fis Kl;oBghl;L

efh;e;Jk; nuz;L iffisa[k;

fPBH Cd;wpa[k; bra;fpd;wJ. mg;g

vd;Wk; CA;f; CA;f; vd;Wk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. mk;khitg; ghh;j;J

mk;k vd;Wk; Tg;gpLfpwJ.

FHe;ij mg;g vd;Wk;

CA;f; CA;f; vd;Wk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. mk;khitg;

ghh;j;J mk;k vd;Wk;

Tg;gpLfpwJ.

110.tJ ehs; FHe;ij efUk; BghJ xU ifia

mjhtJ nlJ ifahy; jiuia

moj;J moj;J bry;fpwJ. xU

rpy rkA;fspy; fPBH flf;fpd;w

bghUl;fisbay;yhk; vJthf

nUe;jhYk; vLj;J thapy; itj;J

rhg;gpl Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ.

111.tJ ehs; FHe;ij mk;khit fz;lt[d; CA;

CA; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;

bfhz;Bl efu Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ.

grp te;jhy; kl;Lk; mk;khitg;

ghh;j;J xU ifia mjhtJ

tyJ ifia Cd;wp nlJ ifia

itj;Jf; bfhz;Bl mH

Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ.

FHe;ij mk;khit

fz;lt[ld; CA; CA; vd;W

rj;jk; Bghl;Lf; bfhz;Bl

efu Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ.

112.tJ ehs; FHe;ij mGk;BghJ A;ah A;ah

vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L mGfpd;J.

mg;ghitg; ghh;j;J CA; CA;

vd;Wk; Mgh vd;Wk; mGfpwJ.

FHe;ij mGk;BghJ

A;ah A;ah vd;W rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

113.tJ ehs; ne;j FHe;ij ehl;fs; mjpfkhf

mjpfkhf ey;y tsh;r;rp

epiyfis milfpd;wJ. MA;

CA; f;A; f;a;a; vd;W rj;jk;

FHe;ij MA; f;A;

f;a;a; vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

BghLfpwJ. mg;ghitf; fz;lhy;

ey;y re;Bjhrg; gLfpwJ.

ifia Bghl;L jl;LfpwJ.

mg;gh brhy;fpwhh;. jk;kp ifia

typf;Fk;gh mof;fhBj vd;W

brhy;fpwhh;.

114.tJ ehs; FHe;ijia Fspg;ghl;o

gLf;ifapy; Bghl;L tpisahl;Lf;

fhl;odhy; clBd r;h;j;Jf;

bfhz;Bl g[wz;L gLj;J efu

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. CA; CA; f;h;

vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

FHe;ij CA; CA; f;h;

vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

115.tJ ehs; FHe;ijia koapByh fPBHBah

cl;fhu itj;jhy; Fg;g[w ftpH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. gpwF

FHe;;ijia jha; koapBy

cl;fhu itj;J gpoj;J Bgrpf;

bfhz;Ls;shh;. FHe;ij jhapd;

g[litia gpoj;J thapy; itj;J

gt; gt; gt; vd;W rj;jk;

Bghl;L tpisahLfpwJ. jpobud

FHe;ij mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

FHe;ij jhapd;

g[litia gpoj;J thapy;

itj;J gt; gt; gt; vd;W

rj;jk; Bghl;L

tpisahLfpwJ.

116.tJ ehs; FHe;ij jhdhf g[yk;g[fpwJ, ca;

Kk; f;h; vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

mk;khitg; ghh;j;J mk;k vd;W

Tg;g[LfpwJ. ghl;oiag; ghh;j;J

ghg; ghg; vd;W Tg;g[LfpwJ.

CA; Caa; Caa; vd;bwy;yhk;

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

FHe;ij jhdhf

g[k;g[fpwJ, ca;Kk; f;h; vd;W

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

mk;khitg; ghh;j;J mk;k

vd;W Tg;g[LfpwJ.

ghl;oiag; ghh;j;J ghg; ghg;

vd;W Tg;g[LfpwJ. CA;

Caa; Caa; vd;bwy;yhk;

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

ca;ca; vd;Wk;

BgRfpwJ.

117.tJehs; FHe;ij mg;ghit mgh vd;W

rphpj;J bfhz;Bl jhdhf

nuz;L iffshYk; jl;o jl;o

rphpf;fpwJ. tpisahofpl;L

nUf;Fk;BghJ TT t{t{ vd;Wk;

thia Ftpepiyapy; itj;J

brhy;fpwJ. ifia jl;o jl;o

k;k vd;W brhy;fpwJ. mk;kh

Bjh te;Bjk;gh vd;W brhy;ypf;

bfhz;Bl FHe;ijia

Jhf;Ffpwhhs;. clBd rphpf;fpwJ.

FHe;ij mg;ghitg;

ghh;j;J mgh vd;W

brhy;fpwJ. TT t{t{

vd;Wk; thia Ftpepiyapy;

itj;J brhy;fpwJ. ifia

ePl;o k;k vd;W brhy;fpwJ.

118.tJ ehs; ghl;o FHe;ijaplk; tpisahl;L

fhl;Lfpwhh;. FHe;ijia Jhf;fp

Fspahl;l Bghf te;jhs;.

FHe;ijf;F

bjhpe;Jtl;lJ.ghl;oiag; ghh;j;J

rphpj;jJ. clBd ghl;oaplk;

FHe;ij ifia ePl;oaJ.

FHe;ijia Fspahl;o gpwF

bgslh; Bghl;L ed;whf bghl;L

itj;J jhaplk; bfhLj;J ghy;

bfhLf;fr; brhy;fpwhs;.

mk;kht[k; FHe;ijf;F ghy;

bfhLf;fpd;whs;.Cd;A; Cd;A;

vd;Wk; rphpf;fpwJ. mk;khtpd;

Briyia gpoj;J fof;fpwJ.

gpwF rphpf;fpd;wJ.

Cd;A; Cd;A; vd;Wk;

rphpf;fpd;wJ. mk;khtpd;

Briyia gpoj;J fof;fpwJ.

gpwF rphpf;fpwJ.

119.tJ ehs; FHe;ij jut[ Brfhpf;f Bghd

vd;ida[k; ghh;j;J rphpf;f

Muk;gpj;jJ. vdf;Bf

Mr;rhpakhf nUe;jJ. ehDk;

FHe;ijia ifia ePl;o

Tg;gpl;Bld;. FHe;ij tu

Koahky; rphpj;jJ. efh;e;J

efh;e;J mA;BfBa tpisahLfpwJ.

ne;j VHhtJ khjj;jpy; FHe;ij

nLg;g[ jhA;fBshL rpwpJ Beuk;

clfhUk;. fpilf;Fk; bghUis

ifapy; vLj;J xUifapypUe;J

kw;bwhU iff;F khw;w

KaYfpwJ. mk;khBthL

mjpfkh nUf;f tpUk;g[fpwJ.

me;j czh;t[ ng;gBt

bjhpfpwJ.g;g g;g vd;W

brhy;fpwJ. ahh; te;jhYk;

ifia jl;o rphpf;f

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

FHe;ij g;g g;g vd;W

brhy;fpwJ. ahh; te;jhYk;

ifia jl;o rphpf;f

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

120.tJ ehs; FHe;ij Mt;Mt; Mh;A; Mt;

vd;W jhdhfBt csWfpwJ.

tPl;ow;F ahh; te;jhYk; cw;W

ghh;f;fpwJ. clBd Kfk;

bjhpe;jth;fs; te;jhy; BghJk;

rphpf;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ. ghh;j;Jf;

bfhz;Bl Cd;A; Cd;A; ifia

jl;o tpisahLfpwJ.

FHe;ij Mt;Mt;

Mh;A; vd;W csWfpwJ.

Kfk; bjhpahjth; te;jhy;

cw;W ghh;j;Jf; bfhz;Bl

Cd;A; Cd;A; ifia jl;o

tpisahLfpwJ.

121.tJ ehs; FHe;ijia Jhf;fp ghl;o koapy;

itj;J epw;f brhy;yp

tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lfpwhh;.

mg;BghJ ne;j FHe;ij

ghl;oapd; K}f;if gpoj;J

fof;fpd;wJ. nuz;L

iffshYk; K}fj;ij gpoj;J jltp

thahy; foj;J foj;J

tpisahLfpd;wJ. CA; CA;

Mt;h; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L

tpiahofp;l;Bl fof;fpd;wJ.

FHe;ij Fg;g[w gLj;Jf;;

bfhz;Bl beq;rhy; efh;e;J

bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ.

ghl;oapd; K}f;if

gpoj;J fof;fpd;wJ. nuz;L

iffshYk; Kfj;ij gpoj;J

jltp thahy; foj;J foj;J

tpisahLfpwJ. CA; CA;

Mt;h; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L

tpisahofpl;L fof;fpd;wJ.

122.tJ ehs; FHe;ij Fg;g[w gLj;Jf;

bfhz;Bl beq;rhy; efh;e;J

efh;e;J tpisahLfpd;wJ.

mof;fo csWfpwJ. Cd;A;

Cd;A; ca;a; vd;Wk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. g;g; g;g; vd;Wk;,

mof;fo ca;a; f;h; f;h;

vd;bwy;yhk; Tl csWfpd;wJ.

jpobud mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

gLj;Jf; bfhz;Bl g[wy

bra;fpwJ. fhf;fh fj;jpdhy;

f;fh j;jh vd;Wk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

FHe;ij Cd;A; Cd;A;

caa; vd;Wk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. g;g; g;g; vd;Wk;,

mof;fo ca;a; f;h; f;h;

vd;bwy;yhk; Tl csWfpwJ.

jpobud mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

fhf;fh fj;jpdhy; f;fh j;jh

vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

123.tJ ehs; FHe;ij ma;a;, Cd; vd;Wk; csw

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. mof;fo mgh

mgh vd;Wk; mg;ghitg;

FHe;ij ma;a;, Cd;

vd;Wk; cswMuk;gpf;fpwJ.

mof;fo mgh mgh vd;Wk;

ghh;j;J rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

vjhtJ xU bghUis fz;lhy;

mij vLg;gjw;F jht[fpd;wJ.

nlJ ifahy; jhd; vLf;fpd;wJ.

clBd thapy; itj;J

fof;fpd;wJ. gpwF jiuapy;

Bghl;L mof;fpd;wJ. if typ

te;jt[ld; mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

mg;ghitg; ghh;j;J rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

124.tJ ehs; FHe;ij cl;fhh;e;Jf; bfhz;Bl

ifia jl;ofpl;L rphpj;J

bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ.

jpobud FHe;ij Fg;g[w

tpGe;Jtpl;lJ. K}f;F

mog;gl;Ltpl;lJ. Btfkhf

mGfpd;wJ. CA; CA; cfA;

cfA; vd;Wk; mGfpwJ.

FHe;ij CA; CA;

cfA; cfA; vd;Wk;

mGfpwJ.

125.tJ ehs; FHe;ij mk;khitf; fz;lt[ld;

mk;k vd;W Tg;gpLfpwJ.

efh;e;Jf; bfhz;Bl mk;khtplk;

bry;fpwJ. mk;kh FHe;ijia

Jhf;fp Kj;jk; bfhLf;fpd;whs;.

cl;fhh;e;Jf; bfhz;L FHe;ijia

cl;fhu itf;fpwhs;, FHe;ija[k;

cl;fhh;e;J ifahy; jiuia jl;o

jl;o tpisahLfpwJ. CA; CA;

C C vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ. jhl;

jhl; vd;Wk; g[jpa xypia

vGg;g[fpwJ. Rw;wp Rw;wp ghh;j;Jf;

bfhz;L mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

FHe;ij mk;khitf;

fz;lt[ld; mk;k vd;W

Tg;g[LfpwJ. FHe;ij CA;

CA; C C vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ. jhl; jhl; vd;W

g[jpa xypia vGg;g[fpwJ.

Rw;wp ghh;j;Jf; bfhz;L mH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

126.tJ ehs; FHe;ijia cl;fhu itj;jhy; a{

totpy; cl;fhUfpd;wJ. gpwF

beq;rhy; efh;e;J bghk;ikia

vLf;fpd;wJ. bghk;ikia

nlJ ifahy; vLj;J thapy;

itj;J fof;fpd;wJ. jpobud

bghk;ikia jiuapy; moj;J

moj;J vwpe;Jtpl;lJ. gpwF

efh;e;J Bgha; bghk;ikia

vLf;fpwJ. gpwF mGfpwJ.

CC k;A; k;A; vd;Wk; mGfpwJ.

FHe;ij CC k;A; k;A;

vd;Wk; mGfpwJ.

127.tJ ehs; FHe;ij TT vd;W rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. mk;khitg; ghh;j;J

nuz;L iffshYk; ePl;o thy;

vd;W mGfpwJ. mk;kh clBd

FHe;ijia Jhf;fp Kj;jk;

bfhLfpd;whs;.FHe;ij mGtij

epUj;jptpl;lJ.

FHe;ij TT vd;W

rj;jk; BghlfpwJ.

128.tJ ehs; ghl;oiaf; fz;lt[ld; Mde;jkh

ghl;oaplk; FHe;ij jht[fpwJ.

jpobud mg;ghitg;

ghh;j;Jtpl;lJ. clBd

mg;ghtplk; bry;yg; ghh;f;fpwJ.

Ck; Ck; mg;g cFA; cFA;

vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L mg;ghtplk;

bry;fpwJ.

ghl;oaplk; nUe;j

FHe;ij mg;ghitf;

fz;lt[ld; Ck; Ck; cFk;

cFk; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L

mg;ghtplk; brd;Wtpl;lJ.

129.tJ ehs; FHe;ijia fz;l mk;kh jk;gp

vd;W Tg;gpLfpwhs;, me;j

FHe;ij cw;W ftdpf;fpwJ.

FHe;ij efh;e;J efh;e;J

mk;khtplk; BghfpwJ.

130.tJehs;

gpw;Brh;f;if 2

ehl;Fwpg;BgL

FHe;ijapd; Bgr;R tsh;r;rpiaa[k; naf;f tsh;r;rpiaa[k; Behpy; cw;WBehf;fp Ma;thsh;

vGjpa ehl;Fwpg;g[ nA;F mt;thBw jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

31tJ ehs; -(8-8-2006)

if fhy;fis ed;whf cijj;Jf;bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ.mof;fo J]A;fpf; bfhz;Bl

nUf;fpwJ.

32 tJ ehs; (9-8-2006)

FHe;ij mof;fo J]A;fpf;bfhz;Bl nUf;fpwJ. if fhy;fis mof;fo cijj;Jf;

bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ.

33-tJ ehs; (10.8.2006)

FHe;ijia ehk; vg;go gLf;f itf;fpwBkh mBj epiyapy; jhd; J]A;FfpwJ. jpObud

fj;JfpwJ.

34 -tJ ehs; (11.8.2006)

FHe;ij bghGJ g{uht[k; J]A;fpf; bfhz;Bl nUf;fpwJ. rj;jk; Bfl;lhy; jpObud

clk;ig Ml;o gag;gLfpwJ.

35-tJ ehs; (12.8.2006)

FHe;ijia J]f;fp koapy; itj;jhy; mg;goBa ahU vd;W Kfj;ijg; ghu;f;fpwJ. Bgr;R

bfhLj;jhy; FHe;ijf;F vJt[Bk bjupatpy;iy. mk;kh FHe;ijia bfhq;RfpwhA;f,

me;j FHe;ij rj;jk; ny;yhky; KHpf;fpwJ. tpisahl;Lf; fhl;odhy; me;j FHe;ij

mij cw;W ghu;f;fpwJ. (mk;kh brhy;fpwhA;f FHe;ijaplk; vd;dg;gh g[upayah ehd;

brhy;wJ vd;W Bfl;fpwhA;f)

36 tJ ehs;

13.8.2006 fhiyapy; 11.30 kzp – Fe;ijia J]f;fp tpisahl;Lf; fhl;o

bfhq;rpdg;gpwF ghy; bfhLj;J J]A;f itf;fpwhA;f, me;j FHe;ij fj;jhky;

J]A;FfpwJ. fhy; Bky; fhy; nghl;L J]A;FfpwJ. mjhtJ tyJ fhy; Bky; nlJ

fhiyg; Bghl;L gpd;dpf; bfhz;L J]A;FfpwJ. FHe;ijia kWgoa[k; vGg;gp Fspahl;o

ghy; bfhLj;J, gt[lu;; Bghl;L, bghl;L itj;J kWgoa[k; J]A;f itf;fpwhs;. me;j

FHe;ija[k; ed;whf J]A;FfpwJ. bjhl;oypy; Bghl;L Ml;o tpLfpwhs;. Bjhl;oypy;

FHe;ij J]A;Fk; bghGJ tyJ ifia jiyf;F nky; ePl;oa[k;, nlJ ifia beq;rpd;

Bky; itj;Jk; J]A;FfpwJ.gpwF mk;kh FHe;ijapd; gf;fj;jpy; gLj;jpUf;fpwhs;.

bjhl;oiy Ml;of; bfhz;L gLj;jpUf;fpwhs;.

37-tJ ehs; (14.8.2006)

FHe;ij gpwe;j gpwF 2 kzp Beuk; Tl J]A;fpl;Bl nUf;Fkhk;. rpWePu; mof;fo

BghFkhk;. tapW Fiwe;jt[ld; FHe;ij mH Muk;gpf;Fkhk;. FHe;ij J]A;ffpf;

bfhz;L nUf;Fk; bghGBj clk;ig Brhk;Bgwp bra;a[khk;. fPH; cjl;il ed;whf

xl;od khjpup itj;J J]A;Fkhk;.

38-tJ ehs; (15.8.2006)

ne;j FHe;ij bghGJ g{uhtt[k; J]A;fptpl;L nut[ KGtJk; J]A;fhjhk;. mof;fo

fj;jpfpl;Bl jhd; nUf;Fkhk;. jha; FHe;ijapd; gf;fj;jpy; gLj;J FHe;ijia jl;o

bfhLj;Jf;bfhz;Bl nUg;ghu;fshk;. Byrh me;j FHe;ij J]A;fpfp;Bl nUf;Fk;

bghGBj mg;goBa Ml;lhky; rj;jk; Bghlhky; ifia vLj;JtpLthu;fshk;. clBd

fj;j Muk;gpf;fpwjhk;. kWgoa[k; gf;fj;jpy; gLj;J jl;of;bfhLj;J J]A;f

itg;ghu;fshk;.

39 – tJ ehs; (16.8.2006)

FHe;ij mof;fo J]A;fpf; bfhz;L nUf;Fk; bghGBj clk;ig Brhk;Bgwpahf KWf;fp

KWf;fpf; fj;Jkhk;. mg;go FHe;ij KWf;fpf; bfhz;L fj;jpdhy; FHe;ijia fPBH

flj;Jtjw;F tpupj;Jg; BghLfpd;w Jzpiaa[k;, FHe;ijapd; Bky; Bghj;jp tpLfpw

Jzpiaa[k; Jitj;jhy; gpHpa TlhJ. KWf;fpd khjpup bra;a TlhJ. Jzpfis

nuz;L iffshy; Bru;j;J mLf;fpd khjpupjhd; gpHpa ntz;Lkhk;. mg;gjhd;

FHe;ij clk;ig Bghl;L KWf;fp KWf;fp mHhky; J]A;Fkhk;.

40-tJ ehs; (17.8.2006)

FHe;ijf;F jhyhl;Lg; ghl;Lg; gho jhd; FHe;ijia J]A;f itg;ghu;fshk;. mJt[k;

FHe;ijapd; mk;khtpDila mk;kh, ghl;o. FHe;ijia J]f;fp tpiHahl;Lf; fhl;odhy;

ghl;o Kfj;ijBa ghu;f;fpwJ. FHe;ijia jhaplk; bfhLj;J ghy; bfhLf;fr;

brhy;fpwhs;. ghy; Foj;Jf;bfhz;Bl jhapd; Briyia ed;whfg; gpoj;Jf;bfhz;Bl

ghy; Fof;fpwJ.

41 tJ ehs; (18.8.2006)

FHe;ij if fhy;fis mof;fo cijj;Jf; bfhz;L J]A;FfpwJ. bghGJ KGtJk;

J]A;fp bfhz;Bl nUf;fpwJ. grp te;jhy; my;yJ rpWePu; Bghdhy; clBd fj;j

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. mk;kh te;J ghy; bfhLj;J BtW Jzpia khw;wp Bghl;L kWgoa[k;

J]A;f itf;fpwhA;f, gpwF ed;whf J]A;FfpwJ. ahuhtJ rj;jk; Bghl;lhy; jpObud

tpHpj;Jf; bfhz;L fj;j Muk;gpf;fpwJ. FHe;ijia ahuhtJ te;J J]f;fpdhy;

mtA;fis cw;W cw;W ghu;f;fpwJ. FHe;ij fz;Zf;F VBjh miy khjpup xU Kfk;

bjupa[k;. mtA;f BtW vd;whtJ xU ehs; te;jhy; me;j FHe;ij ey;y qhgfk; te;J

mtA;fisg; ghu;j;J rpupf;fpwJ. mtA;f brhy;fpwhA;f, FHe;ijaplk; Bfl;fpwhA;f

vd;id ey;yh bjupa[jhg;gh, vd;W Bfl;Lf;fpl;Bl me;j FHe;ijia J]f;fp tpisahl;L

fhl;Lfpwhu;.

42-tJ ehs; (19.8.2006)

mof;fo J]A;fp bfhz;BlapUf;fpwJ. mof;fo if fhy;fis cijj;Jf; bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ.

43-tJ ehs; (20.8.2006)

FHe;ijaplk; jha; rj;jk; BghLk; bghGJ jha; rj;jj;ij cw;W Behf;Ffpd;wd. rpy

rkaj;jpy; FHe;ijia mjl;o rj;jk; Bghl;lhy; jpObud FHe;ij gag;gLfpd;wJ.

clBd jha; FHe;ijia J]f;fp gae;jpl;lhag;gh, rupg;gh mGthnj vd;W brhy;fpwhA;f.

44-tJ ehs; (21.8.2006)

FHe;ij J]A;Fk;BghJ xU FjpA;fhy; Bky; nd;bdhU Fjpfhiy Bghl;L bfhz;L J]A;f

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. xU ifia ed;whf jiyf;F Beu; Bky; Behf;fp itj;Jk; tpuy;fis

mjhtJ fl;ltpuiy ehd;F tpuy;fSf;Fs; EiHj;jg;go itj;J kllf;fp J]A;FfpwJ.

45-tJ ehs; (22.8.2006)

FHe;ij gpwe;J ehw;gj;jp Ie;jhtJ ehs; nA;f; brhy;y Muk;gpf;fpwJ. gpwF ed;whf

if fhy;fis cijj;Jf;bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ. mof;fo nA;f; bfhy;fpwJ.

FHe;ijapd; mg;gh re;Bjh&g;gLfpwhu;. vd; FHe;ij ng;gBt nA;f; brhy;fpwJ.

FHe;ij tsu tsu ey;y mwpt[s;s gps;isah tUk; vd;W brhy;ypf; bfhz;L

FHe;ijf;F tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lfpwhu;.

46-tJ ehs; (23.8.2006)

FHe;ij ey;y MBuhf;fpaj;Jld; tpisahLfpwJ. mg;gh Fuiy nd;Dk; g[upatpy;iy,

mk;kh Fuy; FHe;ijf;F ed;whfBt bjupatUfpwJ. FHe;ijiaj; bjhl;oypy;

Bghl;Ltpl;L bjhl;oYf;F Beuh tpisahl;L bghk;ikia bjhA;ftpl;L, FHe;ijaplk;

brhy;fpwhu; mk;kh. jk;gp bghk;ikiag; ghu;j;J tpisahol;L nUg;gh ehd; tUfpBwd;

vd;W. ne;jf; FHe;ij mHhky; jhd; jhdhf if fhy;fis ed;whf cijj;Jf;

bfhz;L tpisahol;L nUe;jJ. jpObud mk;kh rj;jj;ij Bfl;L mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

clBd Vdg;gh fj;Jw ehd; tBud;; vd;W brhy;ypfpl;Bl FHe;ijia te;J J]f;fp,

tpisahl;L fhl;o kWgoa[k; bjhl;oypy; Bghl;Ltpl;L bry;fpwhu;.

47-tJ ehs; (24.8.2006)

FHe;ij mof;fo if fhy;fis cijj;Jf; bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ. xU ifia

jiyf;F Beu; BkBy ePl;oa[k;, mJt[k; fl;;ltpuiy ehd;F tpuy;fSf;Fs; EiHj;J

nWf;fkhf K}of;bfhz;Lk;,nd;bdhU ifia taw;wpd; BkByh beq;rpd; BkByh

tpuy;fis vy;yhk; klf;fpd khjpup itj;Jk; J]A;FfpwJ. CA;, CA; vd;W xypia

vGg;gpfpl;Bl tpisahLfpwJ. J]A;Fk;BghJ Fjpfhy; fhy; Bky; nd;bdhU Fjpfhiy

itj;Jf; bfhz;Ljhd; J]A;FfpwJ. ahuhtJ rj;jk; Bghl;lhy; jpobfdg; gag;gLfpwJ.

FHe;ijia koapy; itj;jpUe;J gpwF fPBHg; Bghl;lhy; fj;j Muk;gpf;fpwJ. Vd; vd;W

Bfl;lhy; mk;khtpd; rhuk; ciuj;Jtpl;lJ mjdhy; jhd; vdr; brhy;fpwhs;. gpwF

FHe;ijia J]f;fp koapy; itj;Jf;bfhz;Bl fhy;fis Ml;o Ml;o tpisahl;Lf;

fhl;Lfpwhu;.

48-tJ ehs; (25.8.2006)

FHe;ij ed;whf tpishaLfpwJ. FHe;ij jhdhfBt rpy rkaA;fspy; tpisahofpl;L

nUf;Fk;. jha;fhuu; bghWika[ld; tPl;L Btiyfisr; bra;a Muk;gpf;fpwhu;.

49-tJ ehs; (26.8.2006)

Xt;bthU ehSk; xBu khjpupahd bray;Kiwfs; jhd; elf;fpwJ. (nuz;liu khjk;

Md gpwFjhd; khWgLfpwjhk;). FHe;ij mof;fo J]A;fpf;bfhz;Bljhd; nUf;fpwJ.

mof;fo grp te;jhy; mHt[k; bra;fpwJ. FHe;ij rpWePu; Bghdhy; mGfpd;wJ. clBd

mk;kh te;J FHe;ijia J]f;fp BtW Jzpfis khw;wp Bghl;L FHe;ijia gLf;f

itf;fpwhs;.

50-tJ ehs; (27.8.2006)

FHe;ij ey;y MBuhf;fpaj;JlDk; cw;rhfj;JlDk; if fhy;fis cijj;J ed;whf

tpisahLfpwJ. ahu; Bgr;R bfhLj;jhYk; ey;yh ftdpf;fpwJ. mk;kh mg;gh rj;jk;

Bfl;lhy; mHr; bra;fpwJ. nUtUk; FHe;ijia ftdpf;fpwhu;fs;. Mof;fo nA;f; vd;W

brhy;fpwJ. CA;, CA; vdr; rj;jk; Bghl;Lfpl;Bl if fhy;fis ed;whf cijj;J

irf;fps; kpjpg;gJ Bghy; thia jpwe;J ey;y MBuhf;fpaj;Jld; tpisahLfpwJ.

FHe;ij mof;fo J]A;fp bfhzoUf;fpwJ. FHe;ijiaf; Fspahl;l ghl;o J]f;fp bfhz;L

Bgha; Fspay; bra;jhy;, R{lhd bte;ePiu Cw;wpdhYk;, R{L ny;yhky; Cw;wpdhYk;

mHhky; mg;goBa mtu;fs; vg;go fhypy; gLf;f itf;fpwhu;fBsh mBj epiyapy; jhd;

gLj;jpUf;fpwJ.

gpwF FHe;ijia fhypy; epkpu;j;jpg; Bghl;L mA;Bfa[k; if fhy;fis cijj;Jf;

bfhz;Ljhd; Fspf;fpwJ. kWgo Fg;g[wg; gLf;f Bghl;L Fspahl;odhy; if fhy;fis

cijj;Jf;bfhs;s Koahky; mg;goBa fhypy; gLj;jpUf;fpwJ. Fspay; bra;a[k; BghJk;

J]A;Fk;BghJk; tpisahLk; BghJk; if tpuy;fis ed;whf nWf;fkhf K}of;bfhz;L

nUf;fpwJ. mk;khtpd; koapBya[k; mg;ghtpd; koapBya[k; ghl;o koapBya[k;

ahuplkhapUe;jhYk; me;j khjpupBa tpuy;fis klf;fpdg;goBa jhd; nUf;fpwJ.

51-tJ ehs; (28.8.2006)

FHe;ij xBu khjpup jhd; bra;if bra;fpwJ. xBu mikg;gpy; bray; Kiwfs;

eilbgWtjhy;, FHe;ijia jha;f;fhuu; ftdpf;fpwhu; vd;whYk;, me;j FHe;ij ed;whf

MBuhf;fpaj;Jld; tpisahLfpwJ. FHe;ijia J]f;fpf; bfhz;L mk;kh mg;ghtplk;

bry;fpwhu;. me;j FHe;ijia ed;whfBt bray;Kiwg;gLj;jg;gl;L tpisahLfpwJ.

Mifahy; FHe;ijia Kd;Bdw;wj;Jld; jha;f;fhuu; ftdpj;jhuhdhYk; xBu

bray;Kiwfis bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ.

52-tJ ehs; (29.8.2006)

FHe;ijia Fspahl;o bjhl;oypy; BghLk; BghJ me;j FHe;iji mk;khitBa ghu;j;J

rpupf;fpwJ. rpwpJ Beuk; fHpj;J mH Muk;gpj;jJ. clBd mk;kh te;J bjhl;oiy

Ml;of; bfhz;Bl jhyhl;Lg; gho FHe;ijia J]A;f itf;fpwhu;. bte;ePu; Cw;wp

Fspahl;o J]A;f itg;gjhy; xU kzp neuk; tiuf;Fk; T led;whfBt J]A;Ffpwjhk;.

grp te;jhy; kl;Lk; rj;jk; BghLfpwjhk;. jha; FHe;ijia J]f;fp grpiag; Bghf;fp

kWgoa[k; bjhl;oypy; Bghl;L J]A;f itj;J tpl;L mts; tPl;L Btiyfisf;

ftdpf;fpwhs;.

53-tJ ehs; (30.8.2006)

(FHe;ij mLj;jtu; Kfj;ija[k; jha; Kfj;ija[k; milahsk; fz;Ls;sJ.) mjhtJ

mk;kh Kfj;ija[k; mk;kh Fuiya[k; ed;whfBt g[upe;J itj;Js;sJ. mLj;jtu; Fuy;

Bfl;lhy; rj;jk; Bghl;lhy; bghWikahf Fuiy Bfl;fpwJ. ne;j FHe;ij mk;khtpd;

md;ig tpl mg;ghtpd; rj;jk; Bfl;lhy; BghJk; Btfkhf mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ. clBd

mg;gh te;J FHe;ijia J]f;fp bfhq;Rfpwhu;. FHe;ij mHhky; mg;ghit

ghu;j;Jf;bfhz;Bl rpupf;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ. gpwF mk;kh FHe;ijia thA;fpf;

bfhs;fpwhs;. FHe;ij mGfpwJ. mg;gh ehd; nA;fjhdg;gh nUf;fpBwd;. Ehd;

vA;Bfa[k; Bghfyg;gh vd;W brhy;ypf; bfhz;Bl kWgoa[k; FHe;ijiaj; J]f;fp koapy;

itj;J bfhq;Rfpwhu;. Mk;kh gf;fj;jpByBa cl;fhu;e;J ghu;j;Jf; bfhz;Bl mtUk;

Bru;e;J FHe;ijaplk; tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lfpwhu;fs;. if fhy;fis ed;whf cijj;Jf;

bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ. mk;khit tpl mg;gh Bky; jhd; mjpf ghrkhf

nUf;fpwuhk;. FHe;ijapd; mk;khtpt[k; brhy;fpwhA;f, mg;ght[k; brhy;fpwhu;fs;.

54-tJ ehs; (31.8.2006)

FHe;ij mof;fo J]A;fpf; bfhz;Bljhd; nUf;fpwJ. gfypy; bfhq;r Beuk; jhd;

J]A;FfpwJ. nutpYk; mBj khjpupjhd; nUe;jhYk; gfiy tpl nutpy; bfhq;rk;

TLjyhfBt J]A;FfpwJ. xU rpy FHe;ijfs; nutpy; gpwe;jhy; gfypy; KGtJk;

J]A;Fkhk;. gfypy; gpwe;j FHe;ijfs; nutpy; ed;whf J]A;Fkhk;. Mdhy; ne;j

FHe;ij vg;g Btz;LkhdhYk; J]A;FfpwJ. vg;g Btz;LkhdhYk; tpHpj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ.

mof;fo if fhy;fis cijj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ. ey;y tpisahlt[k; bra;fpwJ. grp

te;jhy; mHt[k; bra;fpwJ. mk;khit rpy rkak; ghu;f;Fk;BghJ re;Bjh&j;Jld;

ghu;j;J rpupj;Jf;bfhz;Bl if fhy;fis cijj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ.

55-tJ ehs; (1.9.2006)

FHe;ij grp te;jJk; mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ. mGk;BghJ A;fauA;fh, A;fauA;fh vd;W

rj;jk; Bghl;L mGfpwJ. clBd mk;kh FHe;ijia J]f;fpf; bfhz;L Vk;gh, Vk;gh

Bj te;Jl;Blk;gh vd;W brhy;ypf; bfhz;Bl FHe;ijia koapy; itj;Jf;bfhs;fpwhs;.

me;j FHe;ij mGtij epWj;jp tpl;L jhapd; Kfj;ijg; ghu;f;fpwJ. jha; FHe;ijia

gf;fj;jpBy gLf;f itj;J mGtij epWj;jp tpLfpwhs; tapW epiwe;j gpwF mGtij

epWj;jp tpl;lJ.

56-tJ ehs; (2.9.2006)

FHe;ijia J]f;fp cl;fhu itj;jhy; jiy Mofpl;Bl nUf;fpwJ. jhaplk; Bfl;ljw;F

mtu; brhy;fpwhu; K}d;W khjk; tiu jiy epiyapy;yhky; Mofpl;Bljhd; nUf;Fk;.

K}d;W khjk; Koe;j gpwF jhd; cl;fhu itj;jhy; jiy Mlhky; epiyahf FHe;ij

cl;fhUfpwJ. FHe;ijia epw;f itj;jhYk; jiy ed;whf Mlhky; epw;fpwjhk;.

FHe;ij if fhy;fis cijj;Jf; bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ. mk;kh mg;gh nUtUk;

FHe;ijiaf; ftdpf;fpwhu;fs;.

57-tJ ehs; (3.9.2006)

FHe;ijia Fspahl;o J]A;f itj;jhy; ed;whf mau;e;J J]A;FfpwJ. mg;bghGJ

rpupj;Jf;bfhz;L J]A;Ffpwjhk;. me;j rpupg;gpw;F bagu; eupbkyl;L vd;W bgauhk;.

(FHe;ijf;F fdt[ tUtjhy; rpupf;fpd;wjhk;) mof;fo FHe;ij J]A;fp bfhz;Bljhd;

nUf;Fkhk;. J]A;fp vGe;jt[ld; mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ. jha; FHe;ijf;F grpiag; Bghf;fp

kWgoa[k; J]A;f itf;fpwhs;. FHe;ij ed;whfBt J]A;FfpwJ. ehk; rj;jk; Bghl;lhy;

clBd tpHpj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ. rpy BeuA;fspy; tpHpj;jt[ld; mGfpd;wJ. rpy Beuk;

tpHpj;jt[ld; ed;whf thiaj; jpwe;J (fpspkhjpup) if fhy;fis cijj;Jf;bfhz;L

tpisahLfpwJ. FHe;ij mg;ghit ghu;j;jt[ld; Btfkhf mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ. mg;gh

FHe;ijiaj;J]f;fp bfhs;fpwhu;. FHe;ijf;F brhl;L kUe;J BghLk; BghJ, brhl;L

kUe;J rhg;gpLk vd;W brhy;ypf; bfhz;L kUe;ij FHe;ijf;F bfhLf;fpwhu;fs;.

FHe;ij at;, at;, at; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L thiaj; jpwe;Jf; bfhz;L rpupf;fpwJ.

kUe;J thapy; gl;lt[ld; rg;g[f;bfhl;or; rhg;gpLfpwJ. Ifia ePl;oa[k; fhy;fis

ePl;oa[k; tpisahLfpwJ. mBj rkak; jhapd;koapy; nUf;Fk;BghBj jiyia cUl;o

tpisahLfpwJ. aA;, aA;, cA;, cA;, vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;fpl;Bl if fhy;fis

cijj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ. thiaj; jpwe;Jf; bfhz;L ifia BkBy J]f;fpf; bfhz;L

tpisahLfpwJ. fhy; Bky; fhy; itj;J, mjhtJ tyJ fhy; Bky; nlJ fhiy

Bghl;L gpd;dpf; bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ.

58-tJ ehs; (4.9.2006)

nuz;L iffisa[k; jiyf;F Bky; J]f;fpf; bfhz;L cA;, cA;, cA;, CA;, CA;, vd;W

rj;jk; Bghl;Lf; bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ. rpwpJ Beuk; fHpj;J auA;, auA;, vd;W

ifia jiyf;F Bky; J]f;fp Xf;Bfh, Xt;, auA;, CA;, auA;, vd;W mjpf Btfkhf

rj;jk; Bghl;L MBuhf;fpakh tpisahLfpwJ. jha; gf;fj;jpy; gLj;jpUe;jhy; jha;

gf;fkhf FHe;ij jpUk;gp ghu;j;J tpisahLfpwJ. ahuhtJ vA;fhtJ nUe;J rj;jk;

Bghl;lhy; me;j gf;fk; FHe;ij jpUk;gpg; ghu;f;fpwJ.

mk;kh rhg;gpl;Lf; bfhz;L nUf;Fk; bghGJ FHe;ij fj;Jfpwhd;. Mk;kh

brhy;fpwhu; ve;BeuKk; fj;jpf; bfhz;Bl nUf;fpwhd; vd;W brhy;ypf; bfhz;Bl,

rhg;gpLwhA;f, rhg;gpl;l gpwF FHe;ijia J]f;fp koapy; itj;J grpiag; Bghf;Ffpwhs;.

mk;kh FHe;ijia koapy; J]f;fp itj;jt[ld; ghy; Fof;Fk; BghBj mk;khtpd;

Briyia ey;yh nUf;fkh gpoj;Jf; bfhz;L ghy; Foff;fpwJ. thiaj; jpwe;jgoBa

fj;jpf; bfhz;Bl nUf;fpwJ. FHe;ij mk;kh Bky; ifia itj;Jf;bfhz;Lk;

fhy;fisg; gpd;dpf;bfhz;Lk; ghy; Fof;fpd;wJ.

59-tJ ehs; (5.9.2006)

FHe;ijia koapy; itj;Jf;bfhz;L cl;fhu;e;jpUf;fpwhs;. FHe;ij fhy;fis ed;whf

ePl;of;bfhz;Lk;, ifia fhy; tiu ed;whf eP;l;of;bfhz;Lk; J]A;FfpwJ. J]A;Fk;BghJ

ifia tha;f;Ff; bfhz;L te;J itj;J J]A;FfpwJ. mk;khtpd; koapy; ed;whf

J]A;FfpwJ. FHe;ij fPBH gLf;fitj;jhy; xU Beuk; ifia fd;dj;jpy; itj;J

J]A;FfpwJ. J]A;Fk;BghJ rpupj;Jf;bfhz;Bl J]A;FfpwJ. njw;F eupbkyl;L vd;W

brhy;fpwhu;fs;. J]A;Fk;BghJ nU iffisa[k; nWf;f K}of;bfhz;Lk; Beuh itj;Jf;

J]A;FfpwJ. rpy rkaA;fspy; ifia BkBy J]f;fpd khjpup bra;J gpwF fPBH Bghl;Lk;

J]A;FfpwJ.

60-tJ ehs; (6.9.2006)

rpy rkaA;fspy; FHe;ij J]A;fpf;fpl;L nUf;Fk; BghBj thiaj; jpwe;J bfhl;lhtp

tpLfpwJ. J]A;Fk; BghJ fz;fis ghjp jpwe;jg; goBa J]A;FfpwJ. FHe;ij J]A;F

bghGJ thapy; nUe;J ckpH; ePu; Kl;il Kl;ilah btsptUfpwJ. Rpy rkaj;jpy; J]A;Fk;

BghBj thiaj; jpwe;jgo J]A;FfpwJ. ifia thapy; itj;Jf;bfhz;Lk; rpupj;Jf;fpl;Bl

J]A;FfpwJ. mk;kh FHe;ijf;f bra;if fhz;gpf;Fk; BghBj FHe;ija[k; jFe;j

khjpupbay;yhk; irif fhz;gpf;fpwJ.

bgUk;ghYk; FHe;ij J]A;Fk; BghJ xU ifia jiyf;F Beuh itj;Jk;. xU ifia

fhy;fSf;F Beuh ePl;oa[k; J]A;FfpwJ. rpy rkaA;;fspy; mau;e;J J]A;Fk; BghJ

mg;goBa mirahky; J]A;FfpwJ.fhy;fisa[k; iffisa[k; klf;fpa[k; ePl;oa[k; mirt[j;

jd;ika[ld; JA;FfpwJ. xU rpy BeuA;fspy; if tpuy;fis J]A;Fk;BghBj tha;f;Fs;

EiHj;jg;go J]A;FfpwJ. ghjp J]f;fj;jpy; tpuiy ePl;oa[k; klf;fpa[k; J]A;FfpwJ.

J]A;fpf;bfhz;L nUf;Fk; BghBj jpObud;W fj;j Muk;gpf;fpwJ. FHe;ijf;Fg; grpiag;

Bghf;fp J]A;f itf;fpwhs; FHe;ijia Fspay; bra;J bgslu; Bghl;L bghl;L itj;J

kfsplk; FHe;ijia bfhLf;fpwhs; FHe;ijia Bjhy; kPJ flj;jp epd;W bfhz;L

FHe;ijia jl;o bfhLj;J J]A;f itf;fpwhs;. FHe;ij jpObud vGe;J mk;khit

ghu;f;fpwJ. mk;kh rpupf;fpwhs;. gpwF bjhl;oypy; Bghl;L J]A;f itf;fpwhs;.

FHe;ij J]A;fpf;fpl;L nUf;Fk;BghBj jpObud xU rj;jk; tUfpwJ. vd;d vd;W

ghu;j;jhy; ifia klf;fpa[k; cliya[k;, fhy;fis Bky; Behf;fp tisj;J KWf;fpd

khjpup Brhk;Bgwpj;jdkhf bra;J kWgoa[k; J]A;FfpwJ.FHe;ij J]A;fp fz; tpHpj;jt[ld;

jha; BgRk; BghJ jpwe;J ed;whf rpupf;fpwJ. if fhy;fis cijj;J tpisahLfpwJ.

grp te;jhy; clBd mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ. jha; FHe;ijia J]f;fp Bgr;R

bfhLj;Jf;bfhz;Bl Fof;fpd;wJ. gpwF jha; Bgr;R Bfl;L MA;, nA; cA;, vd;W

xypia vGg;gp tpisahLfpwJ. mjd; gpwF FHe;ijia gLf;ifapy; flj;Jk; BghJ

jha[k; gf;fj;jpy; gLj;J Bgr;R bfhLf;fpwhs;. FHe;ij jhapd; Kfj;ijg; ghu;j;J

rpupj;Jf;bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ. rpy rkaA;fspy; mGJf; bfhz;Bl rpupf;fpwJ.

61-tJ ehs; (7.9.2006)

FHe;ijia koapy; gLf;f itj;jpUf;Fk;BghJ mk;kh rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;fpl;Bl Vd;lh

rj;jk; BghLw vd;W Bfl;fpwhs; clBd me;j FHe;ij jhapd; Kfj;ijg; ghu;f;fpwJ.

FHe;ijia bjhl;oypy; Bghl;L J]A;f itj;jhy; mk;kh bjhl;oypd; gf;fj;jpBy nUe;J

bfhz;L Ml;o tpl;lhy; FHe;ij ed;whf J]A;FfpwJ. xU kzp Beuk; Tl J]A;Fkhk;.

J]A;Fk; BghJ ifia tapw;wpd; Bky; itj;J tpuy;fis ed;whf klf;fpa[k;

itj;Jf;bfhz;L J]A;Fkhk;. mBj rkaj;jpy; tyJ ifia jiyf;F Bky; Beuh ePl;o

tpuy;fis klf;fpa[k;, nlJ ifia beq;rpd; Bky; itj;J ghjp fz;iz K}oa[k; ghjp

fz;iz jpwe;Jk; J]A;FfpwJ. kzpf;fzf;fpy; J]A;FfpwJ. J]A;Fk; BghBj thapd; Bky;

cjl;il Bky; Behf;fpa[k;, fPH; cjl;il me;j Bky; cjl;ow;F fPBHa[k; ghjp

K}odkhjpupa[k; ghjp jpwe;j khjpupa[k; J]A;FfpwJ. rpy rkaj;jpy; if fhy;fis koapd;

Bky; itj;Jk; J]A;FfpwJ. rpy FHe;ijfs; Fiwthd Beuk; J]A;ff;Toa FHe;ijfSk;

cz;L. Mdhy; ne;j FHe;ij kzp fzf;fpy; J]A;Fkhk;. FHe;ij J]A;fp

tpHpj;jt[ld; fj;j Muk;gpf;fpwJ. clBd jha; kfid J]f;fp grpahy; fj;Jfpwhd; grp

te;jpupr;rp vd;W brhy;ypf; bfhz;Bl FHe;ijia J]f;fp ghy; bfhLf;fpwhs;. FHe;ij

mHhky; nUf;fpwJ.

62-tJ ehs; (8.9.2006)

FHe;ij nuz;L khjk; Koe;jt[ld; xU gf;fkh g[us Muk;gpf;fpwJ. mjhtJ

xUf;fypf;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ. xUf;fypj;Jg; gLj;Jf;bfhz;Bl thapy; tpuiy itj;jg;go

fhiy Bky; Behf;fp J]f;fpf; bfhz;L mg;goBa cw;W ghu;f;fpwJ. gpwF fhy;fis

nuz;ila[k; fPBH Cd;wpapUf;fpwJ. gpwF xU ifia thapy; itj;Jf;bfhz;Bl

nd;bdhU ifia me;j if cs;Bs EiHj;Jf;bfhz;L fhiy ePl;oa[k; fhiy

mirj;jg;goBa tpuiy thapy; itj;Jk; ed;whf tpisahLfpwJ. jpObud;W thapypUe;J

ifia vLj;J beq;rpd; Bky; itj;Jf;bfhs;fpwJ. xU fhiy klf;fpa[k; nd;bdhU

fhiy ePl;oa[k; tpisahLfpwJ. thia ed;whfj; jpwe;J bfhl;lhtp tpLfpwJ. nuz;L

fhy;fisa[k; khw;wp khw;wp cijj;Jf; bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ. xU ifia thapy;

itj;Jf;bfhz;L nd;bdhU ifia jiyapd; Bky; ePl;oa[k; tpisahLfpwJ. jpObud;W

nuz;L iffisa[k; nuz;L fhy;fisa[k; klf;fpf; bfhz;L mg;goBa mHfhf

itj;Jf;bfhz;L RUl;o itj;jg;goBa Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;s Muk;gpf;fpwJ. ne;j bray;

nuz;liu khjj;jpy; eilbgWfpwJ. rupahf nuz;L khjk; nuz;liu khjk;

Koe;jgpwF ne;j tsu;r;rp bray;Kiwfs; eilbgWfpd;wd.

xU fz;iz fPBH mKf;fdg;goBa Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;s ne;j FHe;ij ve;jg; gf;fkhf

eilbgWfpwJ vd;why; Kjypy; tyJg; g[wkhfj; jhd; Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;s Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

63-tJ ehs; (9.9.2006)

FHe;ijaplk; mk;kh Bgr;Rf; bfhLj;jhy; thia ed;whf mHfhf jpwe;jg;go

rpupj;Jf;bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ. jha; FHe;ijapd; fhypy; cs;s efj;ij thapy;

itj;Jf; foj;jgoBa nUf;Fk; BghJ nuz;L if tpuy;fisa[k; thapy; itj;jg;goBa

fhl;of; bfhz;Bl nUf;fpwJ. ahuhtJ FHe;ij fz;fSf;F bjupfpw khjpup BghdhByh

ghu;j;jhByh ed;whf cw;W Behf;fpg; ghu;f;fpwJ. mtu;fs; BghFk; BghJ ed;whf

cw;W ghu;f;fpwJ. FHe;ij jhdhf tpisahLk; BghJ nA;, f;u;, fu; vd;W rj;jj;ij

vGg;gpf; bfhz;L jhd; tpisahLfpwJ. if fhy;fis ed;whf cijj;J fhy;fis

tpupj;jgo tpisahLfpwJ. rkaj;jpy; iffisa[k; fhy;fisa[k; tpupj;jgo mg;goBa

gLj;jpUf;fpwJ. gpd; iffisa[k; fhy;fisa[k; klf;fpa[k; ePl;oa[k; tpisahLfpwJ.

jpObud nU iffisa[k; fhy;fisa[k; fPBH ePl;odg;go fhy;fis cijj;Jf;bfhz;L

thiaj; jpwe;jg;go tpisahLfpwJ. gpwF mk;kh mg;gh Bgr;Rf; bfhLj;jhy; mg;goBa

cw;W ftdpf;fpwJ.

64-tJ ehs; (10.9.2006)

FHe;ijia xBu nlj;jpy; gLf;f itj;jhy; mBj nlj;jpy; gLf;fhky; my;yJ

fplf;fhky; ehd;F gf;fKk; khw;wp khw;wp jpUk;gp jpUk;gp RHd;W RHd;W ve;j thf;fpy;

mjhtJ ve;j mikg;gpy; Btz;Lbkd;whYk; RHd;W bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ. gpwF

mk;kh mg;gh nUtUk; Bgr;Rf;bfhLj;jhy; nUtUf;Fk; Bru;e;j khjpupBa

rpupj;Jf;bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ. mg;gh Bgr;Rf;bfhLj;jhy; xBu gf;fkh jiyia

(fGj;ij) jpUg;gpd khjpupBa mg;gh brhy;tijf; ftdpf;fpwJ.

65-tJ ehs; (11.9.2006)

FHe;ijia J]f;fp Kj;jk; bfhLf;Fk;BghJ FHe;ij jpUk;gp BtW gf;fk; ghu;f;fpwJ.

mg;gh gf;fj;jpy; nUe;jhy; FHe;ij mg;ghit jpUk;gp jpUk;gp ghu;f;fpwJ. nuz;L

khjk; Koe;jt[ld; ne;j bray;Kiwfs; elf;fpwJ. ve;BeuKk; thia ed;whfj; jpwe;Jf;

bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ. mjhtJ FHe;ij xU rpy rkaj;jpy; mirahky; mg;goBa

gLj;jpUf;fpwJ. gpwF mk;kh J]f;fpf; bfhz;lhy; tpisahL Muk;gpf;fpwJ. FHe;ij

mk;kh mg;gh nUtUk; FHe;ijf;F tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lfpwhu;fs;. me;j FHe;ija[k;

re;Bjh&khf tpisahLfpwJ.

66-tJ ehs; (12.9.2006)

FHe;ijaplk; mk;kh brhy;fpwhs; thapy; ifia itf;fhBjg;ghd;D FHe;ij

Bfl;ftpy;iy. fhiy buhk;gt[k; Bky; Behf;fp itj;J tpisahLfpwJ. mk;kh

FHe;ijia koapy; J]f;fp itj;J ghy; bfhLf;Fk; BghJ xU ifia mk;kh beq;

BkYk; nd;bdhU ifia FHe;ij jd;Dila jiyapd; BkYk; klf;fp itj;Jf;

bfhz;L jiyia brhwpe;Jf; bfhz;Bl ghy; Fof;fpd;wJ. fhy;fis nuz;ila[k;

klf;fpd khjpup itj;J cijj;Jf; bfhz;Bl ghy; Fof;fpd;wJ. gpwF ifia ePl;of;

bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ. FHe;ij ghy; Foj;J Koj;j gpwF ifia jiyapy; ePl;o

tpisahLfpwJ. FHe;ij ghy; Foj;J Koj;j gpwF FHe;ijia koapy; epw;f itj;J

Kj;jk; bfhLf;fpwhs;. me;jf; FHe;ij jiyia gpd;Bdhf;fp rha;j;jg;go

itj;Jf;bfhs;fpwJ. gpwF FHe;ijia fPBH gLf;f itj;jpUf;fpwhs;. me;j FHe;ijBa

tpisahl Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

67-tJ ehs; (13.9.2006)

FHe;ij fhy;fis jhBd taw;wpd; Bky; J]f;fp itj;Jf;bfhz;L ifia Bky; Behf;fp

tpisahLfpwJ. ve;j BeuKk; FHe;ijapd; thapy; ckpH;ePu; (vr;rpy;) Eiu Eiuahf te;J

bfhz;Bl nUf;fpwJ. Kjypy; FHe;ij nlJ ifia jhd; thapy; itj;J

tpisahLfpwJ. thiaj; jpwe;J bfhz;Bl jhd; tpisahLfpwJ. fhy;fis cijj;Jf;

bfhz;Lk; ed;whf tpisahLfpwJ.

68-tJ ehs; (14.9.2006)

jha; FHe;ijia koapy; J]f;fp ghy; bfhLf;Fk; BghJ thapy; xU rj;jk; xyp vGg;gpf;

bfhz;Bl ghy; Fof;fpwJ. rpy rkaA;fspy; ghy; Fof;Fk;BghJ mGJ bfhz;Bl

Fof;fpd;wJ. vg;bghGJ ghu;j;jhYk; nuz;L iffisa[k; thapy; itj;jg;go

tpisahLfpwJ.

jha; FHe;ijia koapy; my;yJ ifapy; J]f;fp epw;f itj;J Ml;o bfhz;Bl gLf;f

itj;J Ml;o bfhz;L FHe;ijaplk; thu;j;ij bfhLj;J tpisahl;L fhl;Lfpwhu;.

mg;bghGJ buhk;gt[k; re;Bjh&khf nA;f;, nA;f; vd;W brhy;ypf; bfhz;L FHe;ij

mk;khitg; ghu;j;J tpisahLfpwJ. mk;kht[k; tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lfpwhu;. me;j

FHe;ijia ifia nUf;fkhf K}of;bfhz;L fl;l tpuiy ifapd; cs;gf;fj;jpy;

itj;Jk; kPjp tpuy;fis me;j tpuy;fspd; cs;Bs gog;goahf klf;fp

itj;Jf;bfhs;fpwJ.

64-tJ ehs; (15.9.2006)

FHe;ij mGk;BghJ jha; FHe;ijaplk; Bgr;Rf; bfhLj;J tpisahl;Lf; fhl;odhy; me;j

FHe;ija[k; jhapd; Kfj;ijg; ghu;j;J jhapd; thiag; ghu;j;J FHe;ij thia ed;whfj;

jpwe;Jf;bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ. jhapd; Bgr;ir ed;whf mjhtJ EDf;fkhf

ftdpf;fpwJ. mjw;F jFe;j khjpup FHe;ija[k; tpisahLfpwJ. FHe;ij mof;fo nA;f;

brhy;fpwJ. FHe;ij mGk;BghJk; rpy rkaA;fspy; nA;f; nA;f; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L

brhy;ypf;bfhz;Bl mGfpwJ. FHe;ijf;F ghy; bfhLj;J ghapy; gLf;f itj;J jha[k;

gf;fj;jpy; gLj;Jf;bfhz;Bl Bgr;Rf; bfhLj;jhy; me;j FHe;ija[k; jha; gf;fkhf

jpUk;gp bfhz;L jhapd; Kfj;ijg; ghu;f;fpwJ. ghu;j;J rpupf;fpd;wJ. FHe;ijia fPBH

gLf;f itf;Fk; BghJed;whf fhy;fis ePl;oa[k; klf;fpa[k;, ifia ed;whf ePl;oa[k;

klf;fpa[k; tpuy;fis ePl;oa[k; tpisahLfpwJ. jha; Bgr;R bfhLj;jhy; clBd mij

FHe;ij t;tha; A;fha; vd Fuy; bfhLf;fpwJ. ve;BeuKk; ed;whf tpisahof; bfhz;Bl

nUf;fpwJ.

70-tJ ehs; (16.9.2006)

Jha; jhyhl;L ghodhy; if tpuiy ed;whf nUf;f K}of;bfhz;L rj;jk;

BghLtij epWj;jp tpLfpwJ. kWgoa[k; rj;jk; Bghl;L fj;JfpwJ. Ghy; bfhLj;J

koapy; gLf;f itj;Jg; ghu;f;fpwhu;fs; FHe;ij rj;jk; Bghlhky; mikjpaha;

gLj;jpUf;fpwJ. jha; FHe;ijf;F Kj;jk; bfhLj;J J]A;f itf;fpwhu;fs;. ed;whf

mau;e;J J]A;Fk;BghJ jhd; if fhy;fis Ml;lhj Bghl;lJ Bghy J]A;FfpwJ.

ifia ed;whf nUf;f K}of;bfhs;fpwJ.

71-tJ ehs; (17.9.2006)

if tpuy;fisa[k; fhy; tpuy;fisa[k; ePl;o ePl;o, klf;fp klf;fp ed;whf ifat[k; fhy;

gf;fkhf ePl;oa[k; jiyf;F Bky; J]f;fpa[k; fhiya[k; ePl;oa[k; tpisahLfpwJ. jha;

FHe;ijaplk; brd;W FHe;ijapd; gf;fj;jpy; gLj;Jf;bfhz;L jiyf;F Bky; nU g[wKk;

ifia itj;Jf; bfhz;L ed;whf Bgr;Rf; bfhLj;J Kj;jk; bfhLj;jhy; thia fpsp

khjpup kpft[k; mHfhf jpwe;J bfhz;L rpupf;fpwJ. mjd; gpwF FHe;ij jhdhfnt

rpupf;fpwJ. thia kpft[k; bgupjh mHfh jpwe;J tpisahLfpwJ.

FHe;ijia mk;kh J]f;fp bfhz;L mg;ghtplk; fhl;o mul;il mof;Fk; BghJ

FHe;ijiag; ghu;j;J tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lfpwhu;. me;j FHe;ij mGtij epWj;jptpl;L

mg;ghtpd; Kfj;ijg; ghu;j;J rpupj;Jf;bfhs;fpwJ. mjd; gpwF FHe;ijia jha; J]f;fpf;

Fspay; bra;a Muk;gpf;fpwhs;. FHe;ijapd; rj;jk; mg;gh mk;kh BghLtijg; ghu;j;J

rj;jk; BghLtij epWj;jp tpLfpwJ. gpd;g[ FHe;ijiag; ghu;j;J tpisahLfpwhu;fs;.

FHe;ijia Fspg;ghl;o bfhz;L te;J koapy; gLf;f itj;J jiyia ed;whf Jtl;o

(Jilj;J) mjhtJ jz;zPiaj; Jilg;gJ. mg;go Jilf;Fk; BghJ rj;jk; Bghl;L

Btfkhf mGfpwJ. bgslu; BghLk; BghJk; ik bghl;L itf;Fk; BghJk; mGfpwJ.

rpy rkaA;fspy; mHkhl;lA;FJ. Brhl;L kUj;J bfhLf;Fk; BghJ mjpfkhf

mGfpwJ. if tpuiy ed;whf ePl;o ePl;o mGfpwJ.

72-tJ ehs; (18.9.2006)

FHe;ijf;F fhjpy; tpGtJ Bghy; ahuhtJ rj;jk; Bghl;lhy; ifat[k; fhyt[k; jpObud;W

Jof;fr; bra;J gag;gl Muk;gpf;fpwJ. gpwF J]fA;FfpwJ. JA;fpf;fpl;L nUf;Fk; BghJ

ifia jiyf;F Bky; Behf;fp itj;J bfhz;L J]A;;FfpwJ. fhy;fis nuz;ila[k;

FjpfhYf;F Beu; Fjpfhiy itj;J Kf;Bfhz totpy; bfhz;L JA;fp fpl;Bl nUf;fpwJ.

Rpy BeuA;fspy; ne;j FHe;ij J]A;fhky; rpupj;Jf;bfhz;Bl rj;jk; Bghl Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

FHe;ijia fPBH gLf;f itf;fpwhu;. clBd ne;j FHe;ij ey;y MBuhf;fpaj;Jld;

nuz;L iffisa[k; thapy; itj;Jf;bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ. fhy;fs; nuz;ila[k;

ed;whf Fj;Jf;fhypl;L xU ifia ePl;oa[k; nd;bdhU ifia klf;fpa[k; tpisahLfpwJ.

mBj rkaj;jpy; CA; CA; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L tpisahLfpd;wJ.

FHe;ijia koapy;Bghl;L bfhz;L jha[k; FHe;ija[khf ed;whf re;Bjh&khf

tpisahLfpwhu;fs;. mg;gg;g if fhy;fis cijj;J bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ.

jpObud;W rj;jk; Bghl;L mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ. clBd FHe;ijia Beuhf brA;Fj;jhf

epw;f itj;J tpisahl;L fhl;Lfpwhu;. FHe;ijf;F grp te;jhy; clBd ifia thapy;

itj;Jf; fj;j Muk;gpf;fpwJ. mjd; gpwF jha; ghy; bfhLj;jhy; FHe;ij mGtij

epWj;jp tpLfpwJ. FHe;ijiia koapy; itj;jpUf;Fk; BghJ gf;fj;jpy; mg;gh te;J

cl;fhu;e;jhy; FHe;ij jhdhf thia ed;whf jpwe;J mg;ghitg; ghu;j;J rpupf;fpwJ.

vg;go rpupf;fpwJ. vd;why; nuz;L ifiaa[k; Bru;j;J itj;J rpupf;fpwd;wJ. mg;gh

Bfl;fpwhu; vd;do bry;yk; vd;do jA;fk; vd;W bfhq;rpag;go tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lfpwhu;.

FHe;ija[k; mg;ghitg; ghu;j;J ed;whf rpupj;Jf; bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ.

mjhtJ nuz;L khjj;jpy; jhd; nJt[k; elf;fpwJ. FHe;ij gLj;jpUf;Fk; BghJ

jpObud;W jpUk;gp ghu;f;fpwJ. xU gf;fkhf tyJ gf;fk; fhiy nuz;ila[k; gpd;dpf;

bfhz;L ifia thapy; itj;Jf;bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ. xBu mikg;g[ jhd; nuz;L

K}d;W khjA;fs; tiu eilbgWfpwJ.

73-tJ ehs; (19.9.2006)

FHe;ij xU g[wkhfj;jhd; jpUk;gp xUf;fypj;J Mf; Mt; fu; A;fu;t;, fu;t;, CA; fu;t;

vd;W fz;lg;go rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;fpl;Bl tpisahLfpwJ. mg;BghJk; Tl ifia thapy;

itj;J tpisahLfpwJ. rkaj;jpy; xU ifia kl;Lk; thapy; itj;J tpisahLfpwJ.

mg;gh FHe;ijaplk; te;J cl;fhu;e;J Bgr;R bfhLf;fpwhu; l;lhl;, l;lhl; vd;W Bej;jpf;F

brhd;dpBa, BgRdpBa nd;idf;F Vk;gh brhy;ykhl;BlA;fw BgRg;gh vd;W brhy;ypf;

bfhz;Bl tpisahl;L fhl;Lfpwhu;. if fhy;fisj; jltp tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lfpwhu;.

mg;ghit fhyhy; ed;whf cijj;Jf; bfhz;L khw;wp khw;wp cijj;J ifia ePl;oa[k;

tpisahLfpwJ.

mg;g FHe;ijia ifapy; J]f;fp itj;J fu; fu; fu; vd;W brhy;ypf;bfhLj;J bfhz;Bl

tpisahl;L fhl;Lfpwhu;. me;j FHe;ija[k; mg;ghitBa ghu;j;J (cw;W Behf;fp)

ftdpf;fpwJ.

jhapd; mk;kh mjhtJ FHe;ijf;F ghl;o te;J rj;jk; Bghl;lhy; clBd FHe;ij

ghl;oia ftdpf;fpwJ. clBd FHe;ijapd; mg;gh FHe;ijapd; Kfj;ij kiwj;J me;j

gf;fk; jpUk;ghBjg;gh jpUk;gpg; ghu;f;fhjlh jk;gp, mA;Bf jpUk;gp ghu;f;fhjlh vd;W

BfhgKld; brhy;ypf; bfhz;Bl FHe;ijapd; ftdj;ij mtu; gf;fk; jpUk;gptpl;lhu;.

Mij ghl;oa[k; eP ghu;f;fBtz;lhk; nU vd;W brhy;yptpl;L brd;W tpl;lhs;.

FHe;ijiag; ghapy; gLf;f itj;Jtpl;L gf;fj;jpBy mg;ght[k; mk;kht[k;

Bgrpf;bfhz;oUe;jdu;. FHe;ij jhdhfBt ifat[k; fhyt[k; cijj;J Mof;bfhz;L

itpisahLfpwJ. oFHe;ij xU fhiy nd;bdhU fhy; kPJ Bru;j;J xU ifia

thapy; itj;Jk; nd;bdhU ifia nLg;g[f;F Beuhf itj;J tpisahLfpwJ. jpObud;W

mg;gh Kj;jk; bfhLf;Fk; BghJ mg;ghitBa jpUk;gpg; ghu;f;fpwJ. jpObud mg;ghtplk;

mgh vd;W brhy; Muk;gpj;Jtpl;lJ vd;W FHe;ijapd; mg;gh brhd;dhu;. CA;, CA;

vd;W brhy;yp rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. mtUf;F Mr;rupakh nUe;jjhk;. clBd kidtpia

Tg;gpl;L brhy;fpwhu; (vd;d mg;gh vd Tg;gpLfpwhd; vd;W ( vGjpfpl;L nUe;j

Mr;rupakh nUe;jJ. nuz;liu khjk; MfpwJ. Mtd; mg;gh vd;W brhy;fpwhd;

FHe;ijapd; mg;gh brhy;fpwhu; vd;g[s;s mwpthspah tu BghfpwJ. Mjdhy jhd;

vd;W brhy;fpwhu;.) nt;tst[ bray;KiwfSk; nuz;L khjk; vGgj;jp K}d;whk; ehs;

elf;fpwJ.

74-tJ ehs; (20.9.2006)

FHe;ij jpObud; ghl;oiag; ghu;j;J rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. CA;, CA; A; A;, vd;W rj;jk;

Bghl;Lfpl;L ghl;oia J]f;fr; brhy;fpwJ. ghl;o brhy;fpwJ. FHe;ijia ghu;j;J vd;d

ghu;f;fg;g[lhJ vd;d VA; ghu;f;fpw vd;W Fuy; bfhLf;fpwhA;;f Vd; Vd;lh ng;g

vd;id Tg;g[Lw vd brhy;ypf; bfhs;fpwhu;. mk;kh brhy;fpwhs; Vk;g;gh ghl;oia

ghu;f;fpw ghl;oia ghl;o cd;id J]f;fiyBa vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;Lf; bfhz;Bl

FHe;ijia J]f;fp bfhz;L koapy; itj;J ghy; bfhLf;fpwhu;. FHe;iji if

fhy;fis cijj;J tpisahLfpwJ. FHe;ijaplk; mk;kh rj;jk; BghLwh’;f For;rpl;L

jk;gp J]A;fpg;ghd;D FHe;ijia jpObud J]f;fpf; bfhz;L koapy; itj;J tpisahl;L

fhl;Lfpwhu;. FHe;ij mk;khtpd; jiyapy; cs;s Koia nuz;L ifahYk; gpoj;J

thapy; itj;J fof;fpwJ clBd mk;kh jk;gp Koia tpLg;gh typf;FJ tpLg;gh, tpLlh,

jiyia typf;fpwJ vd;W brhy;ypf;bfhz;L fPBH gLf;f itf;fpwhs;. ghl;o

FHe;ijia J]f;fpf;bfhz;L koapy; epWj;jp itj;Jf;bfhz;Bl Kj;jk; bfhLf;fpwhA;f.

mk;kh brhy;fpwhs; jk;gp Mahit mog;ghd;D. clBd ghl;o vd;dg;gh mk;kh

vd;id mof;fr; brhy;whsh vd;W brhy;ypf;fpl;Bl tpisahl;L fhl;Lfpwhu;. ghl;oapd;

Koia ifapy; nWf;fkhf gpoj;Jf;bfhz;L K}f;if fof;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ. ghl;oapd;

K}f;iff; fof;ft[k; ghl;o clBd FHe;ijia fPBH gLf;ifapy; Bghl;L tpl;lhs;.

Mjd; gpwF FHe;ijaplk; tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lfpwhu;. rpwpJ Beuk; fHpj;J mk;kh

FHe;ijapd; gf;fj;jpyp; te;J gLj;Jf; bfhz;L tpisahl;Lf; fhl;o grpf;fpjhg;gh vd;W

brhy;yp ghy; bfhLf;fpwhs;. ghl;o te;J FHe;ijaplk; BgRwhA; Fr;rpia vLj;jhlh

vLj;jhlh me;j Fr;rpahs mog;Bghk;.

75-tJ ehs; (21.9.2006)

FHe;ijaplk; mk;kh brhy;wh’;f eP mog;ghd;D mk;kh FHe;ijf;F brhy;ypj;ju;uhA;f

ghl;o Bfl;fpwh’;f eP mog;gpah vd;id vA;f mog;ghu;g;Bghk; vd;W brhy;ypf;fpl;Bl

ifahy; XA;fp fhl;Lfpwhs;. FHe;ij ghl;o gf;fkh jpUk;gpf; bfhz;L rj;jk;

NghLfpwJ.

FHe;ij vGj;jp Ie;jhtJ ehs; jhd; xUf;fypj;J gLf;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ. tyJ

g[wkhfj;jhd; Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;s Muk;gpf;fpwJ. mJt[k; tyJ ifia klf;fpa[k; tyJ

fz;iz K}oa[k; mg;goBa xUf;fypf;fpwJ. Kjypy; Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;Sk; Mo Mo

xUf;fypf;Fk; rkaj;jpy; jiyia jiyapBy Bkhjpf; bfhs;Sk;. gpwF mHt[k;

bra;fpwJ. FHe;ij xUf;fypj;Jf; bfhz;L ghl;oiag; ghu;j;J CA; CA; vd;W rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

76-tJ ehs; (22.9.2006)

FHe;ij jha; Fuy; Bfl;L jpObud jha; gf;fkh jpUk;gp gLj;Jf;bfhs;fpwJ. FHe;ij

jha; gf;fkh jpUk;gp gLj;J, jhia ghu;j;J jhaplk; BgRfpwJ. CdA; CdA; vd;W

fj;JfpwJ. Jha; brhy;whA;f ghy; Fof;fpwpah xGA;fh vd;W bry;ykh FHe;ijaplk;

brhy;whA;f jha; jdf;F jhdh brhy;yp bfhs;whA;f vd;dbtd;why; ntU n&;lk;jhd;

vd;W brhy;ypf; bfhz;L jha; FHe;ijf;F ghy; bfhLf;fpwhA;f, FHe;ija[k; Bgrpf;

bfhz;Bl tpisahof;fpl;Bl Fof;fpd;wJ.

jpObud FHe;ij ghy; Fof;fpd;wij ghl;oaplk; jht[fpd;wJ. FHe;ijia ghl;o

jk;gp jk;gp vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;lhy; Tg;gpl;lhy; FHe;ija[k; CA; CA; vd;W brhy;yp

bfhz;Bl FHe;ij tpisahLfpwJ. jha;fhuu; FHe;ijia ghu;j;J rpupf;fpwhu;.

FHe;ijia tpl;Ltpl;L jha; J]ur; brd;W tpl;L kWgoa[k; FHe;ijaplk; te;J cl;fhu;e;J

Bgr;R bfhLj;jhy; me;j FHe;ij rl;ilia ifapy; itj;Jf;bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ.

jha; Bfl;fppwhA;f Vk;gh rl;ilia gpoj;Jf; fof;fpw Vd;lh vd;W brhy;ypf; bfhz;BL

tpisahl;Lf;fhl;Lfpwhu;.

77-tJ ehs; (23.9.2006)

njw;F gpd; FHe;ijia bjhl;oypy; (ahidapy;) Bghl;Lf; bfhz;L Ml;o J]A;f

itj;jhy; me;jf; FHe;ij J]A;fhky; bjhl;oypy; xUf;fypj;J gLj;jpUf;fpwJ. mk;kh

FHe;ijia bjhl;oypy; Bghl;L Ml;otpl;L mtu; Btiyia bra;J bfhz;oUf;fpe;jhu;.

FHe;ij jpObud rj;jk; Bghl;ljhk;. Xo te;J ghu;j;jhy; bjhl;oiy eidj;J tpl;L

rj;jk; BghLfpwjhk;. gpwF FHe;ijia bjhl;oypBy epkpu;j;jp Bghl;Ltpl;L FHe;ijf;F

Kj;jk; bfhLj;Jtpl;L kWgoa[k; bjhl;oiy Ml;otpl;L te;J Btiyfis ftdpf;fpwhu;.

mg;gh te;J jpObud te;J FHe;ijia J]f;fpf; bfhz;L Vd;o vd; g[s;isia mor;r

Vk;gh mk;kh mor;rpg;g[l;lhshd;D Bfl;Lf;fpl;Bl FHe;ijiabtspapy; J]f;fpl;L

Bgha;tpl;lhu;. gpwF FHe;ij rj;jk; Bghl;L mGtij epWj;jptpl;lJ. rpwpJ Beuk;

fHpj;J FHe;ijia kidtpaplk; bfhLj;jhu;. kWgoa[k; me;j FHe;ij mH

Muk;gpj;jJ. clBd mg;g FHe;ijia J]f;fp bfh;q;rp tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lfpwhu;.

kWgoa[k; me;jf; FHe;ij mGtij epWj;jp tpl;lJ. Mg;gh FHe;ijaplk; brhy;fpwhou;

mk;khtplk; Bghwpahg;gh, J]A;fpwpahg;gh J]A;fpwpah bry;yk; vd; jA;fk; ny;y J]A;Fg;gh

bjhl;oypy; Bghl;L Ml;o tpLfpBwk;gh FHe;ijaplk; Bgrp bfhz;L bjhl;oypY; Bghl;L

bfhq;fpl;L FHe;ijaplk; Bfl;fpwhu;. vd;d Bfl;fpwhu; bjupa[kh mk;kh

mor;rpg[l;lhshg;gh Vd; mk;kh mor;rh Vk;gh mor;rhA;fshA; Vd;o vd; g[s;isa

mor;Br mk;kh mor;rpg[l;lhsh Vk;gh vd;W brhy;ypf;bfhz;Bl tpisahl;Lf; fhl;o

bjhl;oypBy FHe;ijia J]A;f itf;fpwhu;. mk;kho Vk;gh vd;W brhy;y tpisahl;Lf;

fhl;o J]A;f itj;jhu;.

78-tJ ehs; (24.9.2006)

FHe;ij nuz;liu khjj;jpw;F gpwF mof;fo xUf;fypj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ. tpuiy thapy;

itj;J rg;gp rg;gp tpisahLfpwJ. mof;fo nA;, CA; A;f; f;u; f;u; CA; VjhtJ thapy;

tUtij cswpfpl;Bl tpisahLfpwJ. FHe;ijf;F Btu;f;fpw bghGJ mg;gh mk;khtplk;

|Bgid vLj;Jf;fpl;L tho g[s;isf;F Btu;f;FJ vd;W vLJ;J tur;brhy;yp |Bgid

FHe;ijf;F Bghl;Ltpl;lhy; FHe;ij thia jpwe;J fpsp khjpup iffisa[k; fhy;fisa[k;

cijj;Jf;bfhz;L buk;gt[k; re;Bjrkhf tpisahLfpwJ.

mg;gh FHe;ijapd; gf;fjpBy cl;fhu;e;Bj my;yJ gLj;Jf;bfhz;Blh

tpisahl;Lf;fhl;o bfhq;Rfpd;whu;. FHe;ijia J]A;ft[k; itj;Jtpl;lhu;. me;j

FHe;ija[k; mg;gh rj;jk; Bghl;L ek;ks J]A;f itf;fpwhu; vd;W bjupe;Jk; rj;jk;

ny;yhky; nUe;J mg;ghita[k; ftdpj;J gpwF J]A;Ffpwjhk;. FHe;ij J]A;fpd mg;g[wk;

thrypy; cl;fhu;e;J kw;wtu;fsplk; Bgrpf; bfhz;Ls;shu;. FHe;ija[k; bjhl;oypy;

mikjpahf J]A;fpfpl;L nUf;fpd;w FHe;ij nUe;jkhjpup nUe;J jpObud Jk;g[fpd;wJ.

ghjp fz;iz jpwe;jgoBa J]A;FfpwJ. ifia ,uz;ila[k; koapd; BkYk;, beq;rpd;

BkYk; thapd; BkYk; itj;Jf;bfhz;L J]A;FfpwJ. rj;jk; ny;yhky; mikjpahf

J]A;FfpwJ. mk;khit tpl mg;ghtplk; jhd; rj;jk; ny;yhky; mHhky; J]A;FfpwJ.

79-tJ ehs; (25.9.2006)

FHe;ij gpwe;jjpypUe;J mk;khtplk;jhd; xU khjk; nUkhjf;fhy’;fs; jhd; mk;khtplk;

nUe;J bfhz;L nUf;Fk;. khjA;fs; Mf Mf mg;ghtpd; md;ig bgw;Wtpl;lhy;

mg;ghtplk; jhd; mjpfkhf nUf;fpd;wJ. rpy rkaA;fspy; mk;kh Tg;gpl;lhYk;

FHe;ij mk;khtplk; Bghfkhl;BlA;FJ. mg;gh FHe;ijia J]A;f itj;Jtpl;lhu;.

me;jf; FHe;ija[k; miu kzp Beuk; mHhky; mikjpahf J]A;FfpwJ. mg;ght[k;

mk;kht[k; me;j FHe;ijia ftdpf;fhky; mtutu; Btiyia ghu;j;Jf;

bfhz;Ls;shu;fs;.

FHe;ij J}A;fp vGe;jt[ld; CtA;, CtA; vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. clBNd mg;gh

me;j FHe;ijia jk;gp J]A;fp vGe;Jtpl;oaho bry;yk;, jA;fk; vd;W FHe;ijia J]f;fp

bfhq;rpfpl;L te;J vd; jA;fk; J]A;fp vGe;jpupf;Fk; BghJ rpupj;j Kfkhj;jhd;

vGe;jpUf;fhd; vd; jA;fk; vd; jA;fk; vd;W brhy;yp bfhz;L ghapy; FHe;ijia Bghl;L

tpisahl;L fhl;Lfpwhu;fs;. FHe;ijia mk;kh J}]f;fp koapy; Bghl;L vz;bza;

ghl;oiy FHe;ijaplk; bfhLf;fpwhs;. me;j FHe;ijapd; bew;wpy; cs;s ik bghl;il

vz;bza;ahy; mHpj;J tpl;L Fspay; bra;a brd;W FHe;ijia Fspahl;Lfpwhu;fs;. jha;

tpisahl;Lf; fhl;odhy; jhapy; Bky; fhyhy; khw;wp khw;wp cijf;fpwJ. mg;gh

brhy;fpwhu; xU jilt brhd;dhy; g[upq;Rf;fDk; jk;gp vd;W FHe;ijaplk; brhy;fpwhu;.

me;j FHe;ij TA; TA; TA; vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. FHe;ijapd; gf;fj;jpy;

cl;fhu;e;J tpl;L mire;jhy; me;j FHe;ij clBd mg;ghit jpUk;gp jpUk;gp

ghu;f;fpwJ. buhk;g Beuk; mjhtJ nuz;L epkplk; mg;ghitBa ghu;f;fpwJ.

FHe;ijapd; mk;kh mg;ghtplk; brhy;fpwhu;. VA;f fpl;lte;J cl;fhUA;f vd;g[s;s

fGj;J typf;f cA;fis ghu;f;fpwJ. th khkh, fpl;lte;J cl;fhU’;f vd;W

brhy;fpwhs;. mojd; gpwF FHe;ijaplk; mg;gh te;J cl;fhu;e;J Vd;lh vd;id

ng;go ghu;f;fpw vd;W brhy;ypf;bfhz;L tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lfpwhu;. mjd; gpwF

fztiug; ghuj;J Bfl;fpwhs; Vd; ma;ah ne;jkhjpupbay;yhk; bra;wPA;f vd;W rj;jk;

BghLfpwhu;.

80-tJ ehs; (26.9.2006)

FHe;ij J]A;fp vGe;jgpwF mk;kh nUf;Fk; nlj;ij BjLfpwJ. Mk;kh nUf;Fk;

nlj;ij fz;Lgpoj;J jpUk;gp ghu;f;fpwJ. clBd mg;gh FHe;ijia J]A;fp bfhz;L

tpisahLfpwhu;. gpwF kidtpaplk; FHe;ijia bfhLj;J tpl;lhu;. clBd fj;j

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. clBd mk;kh grpiag; Bghf;Ffpwhu;. FHe;ij jhapd; Bky; ifia

ePl;o fhyhy; cijj;J tpisahLfpwJ. grp Bghd gpwF mg;ghitg; ghuj;J FHe;ij

rpupf;fpwJ. clBd mg;gh FHe;ijia J]f;fp koapy; itj;J tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lfpwhu;.

gpd;g[ FHe;ijia jhaplk; bfhLj;Jtpl;lhu;. FHe;ij fPBH gLj;jpUf;ifapy; mg;gh

gf;fj;jpy; cl;fhu;e;jhu;. FHe;ijapd; fhiy gpoj;J tpisahLfpwhu;. FHe;ija[k;

mg;ghitBa ghu;j;J fpsp khjpup thia ed;whf jpwe;J Fk;khsk; Bghl;L rpupf;fpwJ.

FHe;ij f;u; f;u; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L rpupj;Jf; bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ. jpObud;W

FHe;ijf;F bghiwBawpdhy; clBd FHe;ijapd; tapw;iw beq;ir jltp bfhLf;fpwhu;.

FHe;ij re;Bjrkhf rj;jk; Bghl;L Btfkhf tpisahLfpwJ. mg;gh rl;iliag;

gpoj;J bfhz;L tpisahLfpwhd;. mg;ght[k; FHe;ijia bfhq;rp bfhq;rp tpisahl;Lf;

fhl;Lfpwhu;. FHe;ij kpft[k; re;Bjhrkhf tpisahLfpwJ. jpObud rj;jk; Bghl;L

fj;JfpwJ. FHe;ijia fPBH gLf;f itj;jhy; clBd xU g[wkhf xUf;fypf;fpwJ.

CA; A;A; CA; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;fpl;Bl gLj;jpUf;fpwJ. clBd mk;kh FHe;ijia

J]f;fp grpiag; Bghf;Ffpwhs;. FHe;ijf;F grp Bghdt[ld; J]A;fptpl;lJ. fz; tpHpj;J

mGfpwJ. rpy rkaA;fspy; J]f;fj;jpBy rpupf;Fk;. njw;F eupbkyl;L vd;W

brhy;thu;fs;. mg;gh Bfl;fpwhu; jk;gp J]A;fiyahg;gh vd;W Bfl;Lf; bfhz;L

bjhl;oypy; FHe;ijiag; Bghl;L J]A;Fa;ah jk;gp J]A;Fg;gh vd;W brhy;ypf; bfhz;Bl

bjhl;oiy Ml;otpLfpwhu;.

81-tJ ehs; (27.9.2006)

FHe;ij mof;fo xUf;fypj;J gLf;fpwJ. mof;fo nA;f; CA; A;f; vd;W brhy;yp

bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ. if fhy;fis ed;whf cijj;J tpisahLfpwJ. thia

Byrh jpwe;J ehf;if btspapy; ePl;Lfpd;wJ. mJt[k; xU brfz;l; Tl nUf;fhJ.

cs;Bs nGj;Jf;bfhs;fpwJ. nA; f;u; CA; vd brhy;yp bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ.

rkaj;jpy; thia ed;whf Ftpepiyapy; itj;Jf; bfhz;zL C vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

Vg;gg; ghu;j;jhYk; f;u; f;u; CA; vd;Wk; brhy;ypf;fpl;Bl tpisahLfpwJ. mg;gh Bgr;R

bfhLj;jhy; C C vdr; brhy;ypfpl;lBl rpupf;fpwJ. mg;gh clBd FHe;ijia J]f;fp

brd;W bfhq;rp Kj;jk; bfhLf;fpwhu;. mof;fo xUf;fypj;J gLf;fpwJ. XupU Kiw

xUf;fypf;Fk; BghBj mg;goBa Fg;g[w gLf;f (Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;s) Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

mg;goBa xUf;fypf;Fk; Bghbjy;yhk; Cu; f;u; f;u; CA; vd rj;jk; Bghl;Lf; bfhz;Nl

xUf;fypj;J Fg;g[wg; gLf;f Kaw;rp bra;fpd;wJ. gpwF FHe;ij jd;idj; jhBd

rpupj;Jf;bfhs;fpwJ. mgh vd;W brhy;ypf;bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ. me;j FHe;ijapd;

mg;gh re;Bjhrg;gLfpwhu;. vd; FHe;ij ng;gBt vd;d mg;gh vd;W Tg;g[LfpwJ.

mof;fo xUf;fypf;fpwJ. mof;fo FHe;ij csWfpwJ. CA; f;u; f;u; CA; vd

tpisahLfpwJ. mk;kh tPl;L Btiyfis ftdpf;fpwhu;.

82-tJ ehs; (28.9.2006)

FHe;ij buhk;gt[k; MBuhf;fpaj;Jld; tpisahLfpwJ. xUf;fypj;J gLj;Jf; bfhz;Bl

Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;s Kaw;rp bra;fpd;wJ. thapy; tpuiy itj;J jhd; Kaw;rp bra;fpwJ.

rpy rkaA;fspy; jhdhfBt cswpfpl;Bl mgh, CA; f;u; f;u; CA; f;f; vd rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. mg;ghit mgh vd;W Tg;g[LtJ FHe;ijapd; mg;gh mk;khtpw;F xBu

Mr;rupakha; nUf;fpwjhk;. mtu;fs; nUtUk; vd;dplk; brhy;ypf;bfhz;L

re;Bjrg;gLfpwhu;fs;. vdf;FBk Mr;rupakh nUe;jJ. FHe;ij epkpu;e;J jhd;

gLj;jpUf;Fk; thapy; tpuiy itj;jg;goBa if fhy;fis cijj;J cijj;J irf;fps;

kpjpg;gJ Bghy; tpisahLfpd;wJ. bfhq;r Beuk;jhd; gpwF ghu;j;jhy; xUf;fypj;J

xUg[wkhf tpisahl Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. mk;kh mg;gh rj;jk; Bghl;l clBd bew;wpia

RUf;fpd khjpup itj;Jf;bfhz;L ghu;f;fpwJ. mk;khitg; ghu;j;jJk; rpupf;fpwJ.

clBd me;jf; FHe;ij rj;jk; ny;yhky; tpisahLfpwJ. me;jf; FHe;ijiaj; J]f;fp

vg;go vd;why; FHe;ijia J]f;fp koapy; itf;fhky; mg;goBa bjh’;f

itj;Jf;bfhz;Bl Kj;jk; bfhLj;J bfhq;Rfpwhs;. mij FHe;ij ifia klf;fp thapy;

itj;Jf;fpl;Bl nuz;L fhy;fisa[k; klf;fp RUl;odg;go bjhA;FfpwJ. f;f;, f;f;, f;f;,

vd;W rj;jk; vGg;gpf;fpl;Bl tpisahLfpwJ. mk;kht[k; Bru;e;J FHe;ijf;F f;f;, f;f;,

f;f;, fu; fu; vd;W brhy;yp bfhLf;fpwhs;. mij FHe;ij mk;kh brhy;tJ BghyBt

brhy;fpwJ.

85-tJ ehs; (29.9.2006)

FHe;ij mk;khtpd; Fuy; Bfl;lhy; clBd mk;khit BjLfpwJ. CA;, f;f;, f;f;, CA;,

f;u; fu; vd rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. mk;kh Bfl;fpwh Vk;gh Bj tBug;gh te;Jl;Blk;gh

te;JBlk;ghd;D brhy;ypf; bfhz;Bl FHe;ij J]f;fp ghy; bfhLf;fpwhs;.

FHe;ij mk;khtpd; Briyia ey;yh nWf;fkh gpoj;Jf;bfhz;bl ghy;Fof;fpwhd;. CA;,

CA;, CA; rj;jk; Bghl;Lfpl;Bl Fof;fpd;whd;. ghy; Foj;jt[ld; FHe;ijia fPBHg;

Bghl;Ltpl;lhs;. me;j FHe;ij ifia thapy; itj;J bfhz;L xUf;fypj;J

tpisahLfpwJ. jha;fhuu; tpisahl;L bghk;ikia vLj;J FHe;ijaplk; Bghl;L nA;f

ghUg;gh bghk;ikia ghU jk;gp bghk;ikia ghUlh vd;W FHe;ijf;F tpisahl;Lf;

fhl;Lfpwhu;. kWgo FHe;ijia epkpu;j;jp Bghl;L ifapy; bghk;ikia bfhLf;fpwhu;.

bghk;ikia nuz;L ifahyk; gpoj;J thapy; itj;J fof;fpwJ. bghk;ikia fPBH

tpl;Ltpl;lJ. mk;kh bghk;ikia kWgoa[k; FHe;ija ifapy; bfhLf;fpwhu;. kWgoa[k;

thia ed;whf jpwe;J thapy; itj;J fof;fpwJ. mg;gh FHe;ijia koapy; J]f;fp

itj;J tpisahof;fpl;Bl bfhq;Rfpwhu;.

84-tJ ehs; (30.9.2006)

FHe;ijia jiy tiuf;Fk; bte;ePupy; Fspahl;o J]A;f itj;jhy; miu kzp Beuk; xU

kzp Beuk; T led;whf J]A;Ffpwjhk;. FHe;ijapd; mk;kh brhy;fpwhs; FHe;ij ed;whf

if fhy;fis cijj;Jf;bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ. mg;gh Fuy; Bfl;lhy; BghJk;

clBd fj;j Muk;gpf;fpwJ. xBu g[wkhf xUf;fypj;Jf; bfhz;Bl xU ifia

beq;rpDs;Bs itj;Jk; nd;bdhU ifahy; jiuia my;yJ tpisahl;Lg; bghUs;fs;

vJthf nUe;jhYk; ifia Bghl;L moj;J tpisahLfpwJ. kzp fzf;fpy;

J]A;Ffpd;wJ. J]A;fp vGe;jt[ld; mGfpd;wJ.

jpObud mg;ghtpd; gf;fkhf jpUk;gp tpisahLfpwJ. mg;go tpisahofpl;Bl

rpupf;fpwJ. mg;gh Bfl;fpwhu; Vk;gh rpupf;fpw mg;ghitg; ghu;j;jhy; cdf;F rpupg;gh

nUf;fh jk;gp vd; FHe;ijaplk; Bfl;fpwhu;. mk;kh brhy;fpwh mg;ghitg; ghu;j;jh

gpof;fy Vk;gh ekf;F ---- vd;W FHe;ijf;F mk;kh brhy;yp jUfpwhs;. Mg;gh

brhy;fpwhu; mk;kht[f;F g[s;isf;Fk; vd;d ghu;j;jh fpz;lyh bjupa[jh nuz;L

Bgiua[k; Bru;j; itj;J mog;Bgd;. xGA;fh mt[A;ft[A;f Btiyiag; ghUA;fs; vd;W

brhy;fpwhu;. gpwF mk;kh g[s;isa[k; rj;jk; ny;yhky; nUf;fpwhu;fs;.

clBd ghl;o te;J vy;Byhiua[k; Bru;j;J jpl;otpl;L rj;jk; Bghlhky;

Bguf;FHe;ijia J]f;fpfpl;L vd; Bguid jpl;odhA;fsh mg;ght[k; mk;kht[k; Brue;J,

Vk;gh cd;id buz;L BgUk; jpl;odhA;fsh ehd; ghu;j;Jf;fpBwd; ndpBky; mHhky;

nUg;gh vd;W FHe;ijf;F MWjy; brhy;yptpl;L kfSf;F bte;ePu; Bghl;L Fspay; bra;a

Tg;gpLfpwhu;.

jha; FGe;ijia ghapy; flj;jp tpl;L tpisahl;L bghUis ifapy;

bfhLj;Jtpl;L kfis Fspahl;l Bghfpwhs;. FHe;ij bghk;ikia ifahy; gpoj;J

thapy; itj;Jf;bfhz;Bl CA;, CA; fpA; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;fpl;Bl tpisahLfpwJ.

jpObud FHe;ij a{upd; tpl;Ltpl;lhd;. rpy;byd nUe;jJk; fj;j Muk;gpj;jJ. rj;jk;

Bghl;L ghl;o te;J FHe;ijf;F BtW Jzpia khw;wp Bghl;L FHe;ijia Ml;otpl;L

kWgoa[k; kfSf;F jiyapy; btz;zPu; Cw;Wfpd;whs;;.

ghl;o gpwF te;J FHe;ijia J]f;fp koapy; Bghl;L Kj;jk; bfhLj;J

tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lfpwhs;. FHe;ij mof;fo fpA, CA; f;u;, f;u; vd;W csWfpd;wJ. f;,

f;,f; vd;W Tl brhy;fpwJ.

85-tJ ehs; (31.9.2006)

FHe;ij mof;fo thiag; Bghl;L cswpfpl;Bl jhd; nUf;fpwJ. CA;, CA; f;u;, f;u;, a;,

a; vdt[k; cswpf;bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ. if fhy;fis ed;whf cijj;Jf;bfhz;L

tpisahLfwpJ. jpObud mk;kh FHe;ijaplk; rj;jk; ,y;yhky; te;jJk; FHe;ij

gae;Jtpl;lJ.

FHe;ijapd; mg;gh Btiyf;Fg; BghFk;BghJ FHe;ij fj;JfpwJ.

Btiyf;F Bgha;tpl;L tPl;Lf;F te;jJk; mg;ghit ghu;j;J re;Bjhrkh mGJf;bfhz;Bl

mBg vd;W fj;jpf;fpl;Bl mg;ghit Tg;gpLfpwJ. clBd mg;gh FHe;ijia J]f;fp

Kj;jk; bfhLj;J mk;khplk; FHe;ijia bfhLf;fpwhs;. Fspf;f brd;W tpLfpwhu;.

FHe;ij kWgoa[k; mg;ghitBa ghu;j;J fj;JfpwJ. mg;gh brhy;fpwhu; tuk;gh

Fspr;rpl;L tuk;g;gh mHhBj mk;khfpl;Bl nU ehs; Fspr;rpl;L tBud; mg;ght[f;F

Btu;f;FJy;y mHhBjg;gh Bjh te;JLBuk;gh vd;W brhy;ypf; bfhz;Bl Fspf;f

Bghfpwhu;.

Mk;kh FHe;ijia fPBH gLf;fitj;J tpl;L Bghfpwhs;. FHe;ij mGfpd;wJ.

irj;jk; BghlhBjg;gh mg;ght[f;F BrhW Bghl;Ltpl;L tBud;. mg;g Fspr;rptpl;L

te;Jtpl;lhu;. FHe;ijaplk; rj;jk; BghLfpwhs;. Vk;gh mk;kh rhg;ghL Bghl;Lfpl;L

tul;Lk;. mHBjg;gh vd;W FHe;ijf;F tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lfpwhu;. mk;kh rhg;ghL

bfhz;Lte;J tPl;Lf;fhuuplk; itf;fpwhu;. mg;gh FHe;ijapd; gf;fj;jpByBa cl;fhu;e;J

rhg;gpLfpwhu;. FHe;ij mg;gh gf;fkhf xUf;fypj;J rhg;ghl;Lj; jl;il ifahy;

nGf;fpwJ. kidtpaplk; brhy;fpwhu; g[s;isia J]f;Fkh ehd; rhg;gpl;Ltpl;L tBud;

vd;W brhy;yptpl;L rhg;gpLfpwhu;. rhg;gpl;l gpwF FHe;ijia kidtpaplk; nUe;J

thA;fp koapy; Bghl;L bfhq;Rfpwhu; FHe;ij rpupf;fpwJ. mg;ght[k; mk;kht[k; khw;wp

khw;wp bfhq;rp tpisahLfpwhu;fs;.

86-tJ ehs; (1.10.2006)

FHe;ij nd;bdhU g[wKk; xUf;fypf;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ. CA;, CA;, f;u;, f;u;, C, C vd

nU cjLfisa[k; Bru;j;J Ftp epiyapy; itj;J C C vd rt[z;l; tpLfpwJ. rkaj;jpy;

rj;jk; Bghl;L Tl rt[z;l; tpLfpwJ.

ehSf;F ehs; FHe;ij jof;ft[k; bra;fpwJ. FHe;ij gpwe;j clBd

xy;ypahfj;jhd; gpwf;fpwJ. ehs; Mf Mf FHe;ij bgUj;Jf;bfhz;Bl tUfpwJ.

FHe;ij mof;fo Btfkhf if fhy;fis irf;fps; kpjpg;gJ Bghy; cijj;Jf;

bfhs;fpwJ. mk;kh brhy;fpwhs; cij cij Btfkhf ,ng;goj;jhd; cijf;fDk;

vd;W brhy;ypf;fpl;Bl FHe;ijia gLf;f itj;J FHe;ijapd; fhYf;F Beuh cl;fhu;e;J

fhiy gpoj;J gpoj;J brhy;fpwhu;. mg;gh Bfl;fpwhu; vd;do vd; FHe;ijia jpl;Lw

mo thA;Ftd;D kidtpaplk; brhy;fpwhu;. rpwpJ Beuk; fHpj;J FHe;ijia

J]A;fptpl;lJ. gpwF mk;kh ghl;of;F cjtpah mtuhy; Koe;j cjtpia bra;L

bfhLg;ghs;. FHe;ij jpObud rj;jk; BghLfwpJ. clBd mk;kh te;J FHe;ijia

ghu;f;fpwhu;. C C vdt[k; rpupj;Jf;bfhz;Lk; (eupbkyl;L) JA;FfpwJ.

87-tJ ehs; (2.10.2006)

FHe;ij jpObud mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ. grp te;jJk; J]A;fp bfhz;L nUf;Fk;BghBj

fj;JfpwJ. mk;kh FHe;ijiia J]f;fp ghy; bfhLj;J kWgoa[k; J]A;f itf;fpwhu;.

FHe;ij J]A;fpdg;gpwF mk;kh rhg;gpLfpwhs;. xU fhy; kzp Beuk; fHpj;Jg; ghu;j;jhy;

FHe;ij Jzpia eidj;J tpl;L kWgoa[k; fj;Jfpwhd;. mk;kh rhg;gpLtij

epWj;jptpl;L FHe;ijf;F BtW Jzpiag; Bghl;L J]A;f itf;fpwhs;.

CA, CA;, f;u; f;u;, vd;W mjpf rj;jk; Bghl;L rt[z;l; tpLfpwJ. rkaj;jpy; jhdhfBt

thia Ftp epiyapy; itj;Jf; C C vd brhy;ypf;bfhz;Bl thapy; tpuiy itj;J

tpisahLfpwJ. xU ifia thapy; itj;Jk; ,nd;bdhU ifia fhypy; cs;s

tpuy;fis gpoj;Jf;bfhz;Lk; tpisahLfpwJ. FHe;ijapd; gf;fj;jpy; mk;kh

BghdhByh my;yJ Btiy VjhtJ bra;jhByh FHe;ij jhdfBt jpUk;gpg; ghu;f;fpwJ.

xBu g[wkhf xUf;fypj;Jg; ghu;f;fpwJ. mk;kh Bfl;fpwhs; FHe;ijaplk; Vk;gh

fGj;Jtypf;f ghu;f;fpw fGj;J typf;fiyahg;gh fGj;J typf;Fd;o bry;yk;, ng;go

gLj;Jf;fo vd brhy;yp FHe;ijia Beuh J]f;fp gLf;f itf;fpwhs;.

88-tJ ehs; (3.10.2006)

FHe;ij mof;fo xUf;fypj;Jg; gLf;fpwJ. mof;fo nA; CA;, CA;, f;u;, f;u;

vd rt[z;l; tpl;Lf;fpl;Bl jhd; tpisahLfpwJ. mg;gh te;jhy; rj;jk; Bfl;lJk;

thriy cw;W ghu;f;fpwJ. C C C vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. mg;gh te;jt[ld;

rpupf;fpwJ. mk;kh brhy;fpwhs; mg;ghit ghu;j;jJk; rpupg;igg; ghu;j;jpah.

mg;ghit fz;zprpByBa epf;FJ. vg;gg;ghU mg;gh mg;gh vd;W cswpfpl;L vd;W

FHe;ijaplk; rj;jk; BghLfpwhs;. FHe;ij mk;kh brhy;tij cw;W ghu;f;fpwJ.

bfhq;r Beuk; fHpj;J CA; vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. mk;kh brhy;fpwhs; vd;d rj;jk;

thia K}L vd;W brhy;yp kpul;Lfpwhs;. kWgoa[k; C, C vdt[k; rj;jk; Bghl;lJ.

mk;kh FHe;ijia jpl;lhky; J]f;fp bfhq;Rfpwhs;. mg;gh Vk;kh g[s;isia jpl;odpBa

Vd;lh nA;f thlh vd brhy;ypf;fpl;Bl FHe;ijia thA;fp Kj;jk; bfhLf;fpwhu;.

btspapy; ghBuk;gh fhf;fhit ghUg;gh jk;gp nA;f Tg;g[LJg;gh. eP Bghwpahg;gh nA;f

th fhf;fh jk;gpia J]f;fpl;L Bgh vd;W brhy;yp jk;gpf;F Btof;if fhl;Lfpwhu;.

FHe;ijia vg;gobay;yhk; Btof;if fhl;Lfpwhu;. FHe;ija[k; tptukhfj;jhd;

nUf;fpwJ. bfhq;r Beuk; fHpj;J mg;gt[k; mk;kht[k; Bru;e;J FHe;ijiaf;

bfhq;Rfpwhu;fs;. mof;fo C CA; vd;Wk; f;u;, f;u; vd;W brhy;yp xUf;fypj;Jf;fpl;Bl

csWfpd;wJ.

89-tJ ehs; (4.10.2006)

FHe;ij xU g[wkhf xUf;fypj;Jf; bfhz;Bl mk;khtpd; koia jl;LfpwJ. ifahy;

jhtpj;jhtp mk;khtpd; g[liitia nGf;fpd;wJ. gLj;jpUe;j nlj;jpypUe;J Rw;wp Rw;wp

tUfpwJ. xUf;fypj;Jf; bfhz;Lk; thapy; tpuiy itj;Jf; bfhz;Lk; tpisahLfpwJ.

FHe;ij K}d;whtJ khjj;ij beA;Fk;BghJ jhd; Fg;g[wg; gLf;f Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ.

mof;fo vg;gg;ghu;j;jhYk; xUf;fypj;Jjhd; gLj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. xUf;fypj;Jf;bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpd;wJ. xUf;fypj;Jf; bfhz;Bl rpupf;fpd;wJ. mk;khtpd; koap[yk; Tl

jhd; xUf;fypj;jg;goBa thapy; ifia itj;Jf;bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ.

xU ehs; FHe;ij mk;khtpd; koapy; gLj;jpUe;jJ. mg;gh te;J FHe;ijia

Tg;gpl;lhou;. me;j FHe;ij mk;khtpd; koapypUe;J xUf;fypj;jg;goBa mg;ghitg;

ghu;j;Jf;bfhz;L fPBH tpGe;Jtpl;lJ(K}d;W khjA;fs;)

90-tJ ehs; (5.10.2006)

FHe;ij mof;fo thahy; cswp bfhz;Bljhd; tpisahLfpwJ. vg;gobay;yhk;

csWfpd;wJ vd;why; nA, nA; CA; CA;, f;u;;, f;u;, Ca;, Ca; vd;W ng;gobay;yhk;

cswp Bgr Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. mof;fo rt[z;l; tpl;Lf;bfhz;Ljhd; nf;fpwJ.

FHe;ij gpwe;J 90 ehs; Koapu tiuf;Fk; VjhtJ thapy; cswpfpl;Bl

nUf;fpd;wJ. 30 ehs; Md gpwF jha; Kfj;ijg; ghu;f;f Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. 2½ khjk;

Md gpwF xUf;fypj;Jg; gLf;f Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. 3 khjk; Md gpwF

Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;s Muk;gpf;Fkhk;. FHe;ij gpwe;J 45-tJ ehs; jhd; nA; vd;W

brhy;y Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. K}d;W khjA;fs; tiu fz;lgo thahy; cswpfpl;Bljhd;

,Uf;fpd;wJ. grp tUk; BghJ vy;yhk; mH Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. grp Bghd gpwF rj;jk;

ny;yhky; mHhky; J]A;Ffpwjhk;. FHe;ijia J]A;f itj;jhy; xU kzp Beuk; Tl

JA;Fkhk;. nutpy; ghjp Beuk; jhd; J]A;Ffpd;wjhk;. kPjp Beubky;yhk; fz;

tpHpj;Jf;bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwjhk;. nBj BghBy gfypYk; ghjp Beuk;jhd;

J]A;Ffpd;wjhk;. ghjp Beuk; J]A;fhJ. fz; tpHpj;jg;goBa tpisahLfpwjhk; ehk;

Bgr;Rf; bfhLj;jhy; rpupf;fpd;wJ. ey;y mwpt[ila g[s;isah tsUkhk;. FHe;ijapd;

mg;gh brhy;fpwhu;.

91-tJ ehs; (6.10.2006)

FHe;ij mHfhf rpupf;fpd;wJ. mHfhf mHt[k; bra;fpd;wJ. FHe;ij gpwe;J

bjhd;D]W ehs; Md gpwFjhd; Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;s Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. FHe;ij nuz;L

g[wKk; xUf;fypj;J Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;fpd;wJ. mof;fo thapy; ifia itj;jg;goBa jhd;

xUf;fypj;J Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;fpd;wJ. FHe;ij Kjypy; tyJ g[wkhfj;jhd; xUf;fypj;J

Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;fpd;wJ. FHe;ij gpwe;J K}d;W khjA;fs; tiuf;Fk; vg;gg;ghu;j;jhYk;

J]A;fpf;bfhz;Bl nUf;fpd;wjhk;. J]A;fp vGe;jhy; mGJfpl;Bl jhd; vGe;jpUf;fpwJ.

mof;fo if fhy;fis Btfkhf cijj;Jf; bfhs;fpd;wJ. mg;gh mk;kh rj;jk;

Bghl;lJk; if fhy;fis cijj;Jf;bfhs;shky; mg;goBa mirahky; itj;J

gLj;Jf;bfhz;L fhjpy; thA;fp bfhs;fpd;wJ. irf;fps; kpjpg;gJ Bghy;

cijj;Jf;bfhs;fpd;wJ. mg;gh mk;kh rj;jk; Bfl;lJk; if fhy;fis cijj;Jf;

bfhs;shky; mg;goBa mirahky; itj;J gLj;Jf;bfhz;L fhjpy; thA;fpf;

bfhs;fpd;wJ.

FHe;ijia mg;gh J]f;fpdhy; mHhky; mHfhf mg;ghitg; ghu;f;fpwJ. FHe;ij

mof;fo the;jp vLj;J tpLfpwJ. CA;, CA;, f;u;, f;u; vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. a{upd;

BghFk; Bghbjy;yhk; xU rj;jk; CA;, CA;, CA; vd;W thapy; ghjp ehf;F btspapy;

bjupa[k;go itj;Jf; bfhs;fpd;wJ. mk;kh FHe;ijia J]f;fp ghy; bfhLj;jhy; me;j

FHe;ij ghy; Fof;Fk; BghJ xU rt[z;l; tpLfpwJ. CA;, CA;, CA; vd;W rj;jk;

Bghl;Lf;fpl;Bljhd; ghy;Fof;fpd;wJ. nuz;L if tpuy;fisa[k; nWf;fkhf

K}of;bfhz;Ljhd; ghy; Fof;fpd;wJ. rkaj;jpy; fhy; tpuypd; fl;ltpuiy

gpoj;Jf;bfhz;Bl ghy; Fof;fpd;wJ. FHe;ij mof;fo Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;fpd;wJ. ghy;

(the;jp) vLj;Jk; tpLfpd;wJ. beq;R typj;jhy; clBd mH Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. clBd

mg;gh te;J FHe;ijia J]f;fp Vk;gh beq;R typf;fpwjh rup rup mHhBj Vk;gh

mHhBj ng;go gLj;Jf;Bfh CA; rup. ne;j bghk;ikia vLj;J tpisahLg;gh vd;W

brhoy;ypf;fpl;Bl FHe;ijf;F tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lfpwhu;. mk;kht[k; te;JtpLfpd;whs;.

92-tJ ehs; (7.10.2006)

FHe;ij J]f;fj;jpw;F fj;jpdhy; mk;kh FHe;ijf;F ghy; bfhLj;Jj; bjhl;oypy; Bghl;L

jhyhl;Lg; gho J]A;f itf;fpwhs;. me;j FHe;ij J]A;fhky; fz;iz tpHpj;J tpHpj;Jg;

ghu;f;fpwJ. mk;kh brhy;fpwhs; Vk;gh J]f;fj;Jf;fhf mH Muk;gpj;Bj mg;g[wk; Vd;

J]A;fkhl;BlA;fpw J]f;fk; tutpy;iyahg;gh Bfl;Lf;bfhz;Bl bjhl;oiy Ml;o

J]A;fitf;fpwhs;. me;j FHe;ij rpwpJ Beuk; fHpj;J J]A;fp tpl;lJ.

mk;kh tPl;L Btiyfis ftdpf;f Muk;gpf;fpwhu;. me;j FHe;ij xU kzp Beuk;

rj;jk; ny;yhky; ed;whf J]A;FfpwJ. jpObud fj;j Muk;gpj;jJ. vd;dbtd;why;

beul;of;bfhz;Bl rpWePu; tpl;Ltpl;L gpwFk; J]A;fp bfhz;Bl nUf;fpd;wJ. bjhl;oypy;

FHe;ij vg;go J]A;Ffpd;wJ. vd;why; xU ifia jiyf;F Beu;Bky; Ms; fhl;o

tpuiy ePl;o, kw;w tpuy;fis klf;fp itj;jg;goa[k; nd;bdhU ifia koapy; tpuy;fis

klf;fpdg;go itj;Jk; J]A;Ffpd;wJ. thapd; Bky; cjl;il fPH; cjl;oDs;

EiHj;jg;go itj;J J]A;Ffpd;wJ. mg;goBa J]A;Ffpf; bfhz;L nUf;Fk; bghGJ

jpObud rpupf;fpd;wJ. ne;j irpupg;gpw;F bgau; eyp bkyl;L vd;W brhy;thu;fshk;.

mjhtJ J]A;Ffpf;bfhz;L nUf;Fk; BghBj rpupf;Fk; rpupg;gpw;F vd;d vd;why;

FHe;ij J]f;fj;jpy; rpupj;jhy; fdt[ fhz;fpd;wJ vd;W mu;j;jk;. J]A;fp tpHpj;jt[ld;

rj;jkpy;yhky; bjhl;oypBy xUf;fypj;jg;goBa tpisahofpl;L nUf;fpd;wd. thapy;

tpuiy itj;J tpisahol;L nUf;fpwJ. rpwpJ Beuk; fHpj;J CA;, CA;, f;u;, f;u;, f;u;

vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L fj;Jfpd;wJ. mk;kh ne;j rj;jj;ij Bfl;L te;J FHe;ijiag;

ghu;f;fpwhs;. FHe;ijia J]f;fp koapy; itj;J ghy; bfhLf;fpd;whs;. mjhtJ

FHe;ijf;F ehs; Mf Mf mf;fk;gf;fj;jpy; cs;stu;fs; te;jhy; mtu;fs; ahu;

vd;gij g[upe;Jf;bfhs;fpwJ. mk;khtpd; mk;kh mjhtJ ghl;o vd;W g[upe;Jf;bfhz;L

ghl;o Tg;gpl;lhy; clBd ghl;oaplk; bry;fpd;wJ. kw;wtu; ahu; te;J Tg;gpl;lhYk;

mtu;fsplk; Bghftpy;iy. FHe;ijia fPBH flj;jpdhy; clBd Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;fpd;wJ.

tpisahl;Lg; bghUs;fis vLj;J tpisahLfpd;wJ. thapy; itj;J foj;J

tpisahofpl;Bl bghk;ikia ifapy; gpoj;J fPBH Bghl;L moj;J ehf;if btspapy; ePl;o

CA;, CA;, CA; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpd;wJ.

93-tJ ehs; (8.10.2006)

if fhy;fis ed;whf cijj;Jf;bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ. mk;kh mg;gh Bgr;R

bfhLj;jhy; ed;whf rpupf;fpd;wJ. Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhz;Bl beq;rhy; efu Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ.

gLj;jpUf;fpd;w nlj;jpypUe;Bj efu;e;J efu;e;J Rw;wp Rw;wp tUfpd;wJ. mk;kh rikaypy;

nUe;Jbfhz;Bl rj;jk; Bghl;L jk;gp vd;dg;gh bra;w nBjh te;jlBwk;gh vd;W rj;jk;

BghLfpwhs;. mk;kh rj;jk; Bfl;L rikapy; miw gf;fkhf bry;fpd;wJ.

Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhz;Bl beq;rhy; efu;e;J bry;fpd;wJ. tyJ g[wkhft[k; nlJ g[wkhft[k;

xUf;fypj;J Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;fpd;wJ. beq;rp typ te;jJk; fj;j Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ.

clBd mk;kh te;J beq;R typf;Fjhg;gh vd;W brhy;ypf;fpl;Bl FHe;ijia

J]f;Ffpd;whs;. FHe;ij ed;whf rpupf;fpd;wJ. mk;kh FHe;ijf;F Kj;jk; bfhLj;J

bfhq;Rfpwhs;. kWgoa[k; fPBH gLf;f itf;fpd;whs;. me;j iffis nuz;ila[k;

thapy; itj;J rpupf;fpd;wJ. fhy;fis nuz;ila[k; Bky; Behf;fp tisj;jg;go itj;J

bfhz;Bl jhd; rpupf;fpd;wJ. FHe;ijapd; gf;fj;jpBy mk;kh gLf;fpd;whs; clBd

FHe;ij jhapd; gf;fkh jpUk;gp gLj;Jf;bfhs;fpd;wJ. mk;khtpd; Bky; ifia itj;J

Briyia nGj;Jf;bfhs;fpd;wJ. gpd;dh; mk;kh ghy; bfhLf;fpd;whs;. CA;, CA; vd;W

brhy;ypf;fpl;Bl ghy; Fof;fpd;wJ. ghy; Foj;J Koj;j gpwF ed;whf epkpu;e;J

gLj;Jf;bfhz;L fpsp khjpup thiaj; jpwe;J rpupj;Jf;fpl;Bl fhy;fis nuz;ila[k;

nuz;L iffshYk; gpoj;J tisj;J tpisahLfpwJ. rpwpJ Beuk; fHpj;J xUf;fypj;J

tpisahLfpd;wJ. gpwF Fg;g[w gLj;Jf;bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpd;wJ. mg;gh te;J

FHe;ijia J]f;fp Kj;jk; bfhLj;J bfhq;rp, bfhq;rp tpisahLfpwhu;. FHe;ija[k; A;f;u;

A;f;u; vd;W brhy;ypf;fpl;Bl nuz;L iffisa[k; Bru;j;J thapy; itj;J

rpupj;Jf;bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpd;wJ. bfhq;r Beuk; fHpj;J FHe;ijia fPBH gLf;f

itj;J tpisahl;Lg; bghUs;fis vLj;J FHe;ijaplk; bfhLj;Jtpl;L Bghfpwhu;. me;j

FHe;ij tpisahl;Lg; bghk;ikia vLj;J tpisahofpl;L nUf;fpd;wJ. grp te;jt[ld;

fj;j Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. mg;gh mk;khtplk; brhy;fpwhu; Vd;o jk;gp fj;Jwhd; grp

te;jpUr;rp jk;gpf;F ghy; bfhLo vd;W fztu;kidtpaplk; brhy;fpwhu;. jha; FHe;ijia

J]f;fp ghy; bfhLf;Fk;. bghGJ jpObud mGfpd;wJ. mGJ bfhz;Bl ghy;

Fof;fpd;wJ. mk;kht[f;F gakhf nUe;jJ. mk;kh FHe;ijaplk; Bfl;fpwhs;. Vd;o

jA;fk; Vd;o mGt[w vd;dg;gh vd;W Bfl;l BghJ nd;Dk; Btfkhf mGfpd;wJ.

mtu; ghl;o jpl;oaij qgfk; itj;Jf;bfhz;L brhy;y bjupahky; mGfpd;wJ.

mk;kh g[upe;J bfhz;L ghl;o jpl;odhA;fsh ghl;o tul;Lk; mg;ghtplk; brhy;yp

moth’;fp itf;fpBwd;. eP mHhBjg;gh vd;W brhy;ypf;bfhz;Bl FHe;ijf;F MWjy;

brhy;yp ghy; Fof;f itf;fpwhs;.

FHe;ijia gLf;f itf;fpwhs;. FHe;ij tpisahLfpd;wJ.

Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;fpwJ. efu Muk;gpf;fpwJ. CA;, CA;, A;f; nA;f; vd;W brhy;yp

bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ. mof;fo g[wz;L bfhz;L xUf;fypj;Jf; bfhz;L Fg;g[j;Jf;

bfhs;fpd;wJ. mof;fo nA;f; CA;, CA;, vd;W brhy;ypf;fpl;Bl tpisahLfpwJ.

fPBHBghl;lhy; BghJk; clBd Fg;g[j;Jf; bfhz;Ljhd; tpisahLfpd;wJ. ehk; Bgr;rp

bfhLj;jhy; rpupf;fpd;wJ. mBj rkak; FHe;ij mHt[k; bra;fpd;wJ.

94-tJ ehs; (9.10.2006)

FHe;ij ehs; Mf Mf ey;y tsu;r;rp epiyf;F tUfpd;wJ. Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhz;B

led;whf tpisahl Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. FHe;ijapd; tsu;r;rpf;F ey;y MBuhf;fpaKk;

Tl vd;W brhy;y KofpwJ. nA;f;, CA;, vd cswp bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpd;wJ.

jhapd; Kfj;ijg; ghu;j;J mjpf re;Bjhrj;Jld; tpisahof;bfhz;Bl

rpupf;fpd;wJ. FHe;ijapd; mg;ght[k; mk;kht[k; FHe;ijiag; ghu;j;J

re;Bjhrg;gLfpwhu;fs;. FHe;ij ey;y MBuhf;fpaj;Jld; tpisahLfpd;wJ. FHe;ij

jpUk;g jpUk;g Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhz;Bl jhd; tpisahLfpwJ. mgh, nf;, CA;, CA;, C

vd;bwy;yhk; rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;bfhz;Ljhd; tpisahLfpd;wJ. xU bghUis ifapy;

bfhLj;jhy; ey;yh nUf;fkhf gpoj;Jf;bfhz;L thapy; itj;J fof;fpd;wJ. CA;, nA;,

CA;, mof;fo nBjBghd;Wjhd; rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;fpl;Bljhd; tpisahLfpd;wJ.

mgh vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ. mHfh thiaj; jpwe;J rpupf;fpd;wJ. mof;fo

Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhz;Ljhd; tpisahLfpd;wJ. ed;whf MBuhf;fpaj;Jld; tpisahLfpd;wJ.

gpwF mk;khitg; ghu;j;J mkh vd;Wk; rj;jk; Bghl;L mGfpd;wJ. FHe;ijia

ftdpj;Jf; bfhz;L Btiyfisr; bra;fpd;whs;. me;j FHe;ija[k; mk;khD g[upe;J

bfhz;L mHhky; tpisahlofpl;Bl nUf;fpd;wJ. ehl;fs; Mf Mf kpft[k; ed;whf

tsu;r;rp bgWfpd;wJ. FHe;ij tsu;r;rp mila mila kpft[k; mHfhft[k; ed;whft[k;

MBuhf;fpaj;JlDk; tsu;fpd;wJ. bghGJ g{uht[k; Tl mgh nA;, nA;, CA;, CA;,

CA;, f;u;, f;u;, ca;, ca; vd;W mof;fo cswpfpl;Bl jhd; tpisahLfpd;wJ.

FHe;ijapd; tsu;r;rp epiy ehSf;F ehs; khjj;jpw;F khjk; tsu;r;rp bgWfpd;wJ.

FHe;ij ey;y MBuhf;fpaj;JlDk; mwpt[ tsu;r;rpa[k; tsu;r;rp bgWfpd;wJ. ehk; vd;d

brhy;fpBwhk; vd;gij g[upe;Jf;bfhz;L mjw;F gjpYk; brhy;y Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ.

95-tJ ehs; (10.10.2006)

FHe;ij mg;gh mk;kh rj;jk; Bfl;lhy; BghJk; clBd jpUk;gp ghu;f;fpwJ. mk;kh

fpl;Bl te;jhy; BghJk; if fhy;fis ed;whf Btfkhf irf;fps; kpjpg;gJ Bghy;

Btfkhf cijj;Jf; bfhz;Lk; rpy rkaA;;fspy; Fg;g[wg;gLj;Jf;bfhz;Lk; rpy

rkaA;fspy; xBu g[wkhf gLj;Jf;bfhz;Lk; mkh vd;W Tg;gpl;Lf;fpl;Bl ifia

mk;khtplk; ePl;Ltjw;F Kaw;rp bra;fpwJ. thahy; fz;lgo csWfpd;wJ. CA;, CA;, C

nA; f;u;; f;u; f;u; vd;W fz;lgo thahy; csWfpwJ. xU rpy rka’;fspy; mg;ghit

ghu;j;jhy; g;gh vd;Wk; mk;khitg;ghu;j;jhy; k;kh vd;Wk; rj;jk; Bghl;L Tg;gpLfpd;wJ.

clBd mg;ghtpw;F Mr;rupakhf nUf;fpd;wJ. epkpu;e;J gLj;jg;goBa ey;yh

csWfpwJ. Ca; ca; f;u; f;u; mkh mgh vd;W ehd;whfBt csWfpwJ. gpwF

tpisahofpl;Bl BgRfpwJ. Ca;, ca;, f;u; f;u; f;u; CA;, CA; Ca; ca; vd;Wk;

tpisahofpl;Bl rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. FHe;ij mGt[k; BghJk; CA;, CA;, f;u; f;u; T, T

vd;Wk; brhy;ypf;bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ.

96-tJ ehs; (11.10.2006)

FHe;ij ehs; Mf Mf ey;y cly; MBuhf;fpaj;Jld; tpisahLfpwJ. CA;, CA; f;u;

f;u; ca; ca; vd;W ed;whfBt rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. FHe;ij grp te;jt[ld; mH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. FHe;ijia J]f;fpm k;kh ghy; bfhLf;fpd;whu;. FHe;if;F grp

Bghdt[ld; rpupf;f Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. gpwF mk;kh FHe;ijia fPBH gLf;ifapy;

Bghl;Ltpl;L gf;fj;jpByBa gLj;jpUf;fpd;whs;. FHe;ij J]A;fptpl;lJ. J]A;fp bfhz;Bl

nUf;Fk;bghGBj mH Muk;gpj;Jtpl;lJ. clBd mk;kh FHe;ijaplk; beUA;fp gLj;J

FHe;ijia jl;of;bfhLj;jhs;. me;j FHe;ij beul;ofpl;Bl J]A;FfpwJ. jha; gae;J

FHe;ijia VBjh mz;otpl;lJ vd;W epidj;J FH;eijia Fwp brhy;gtuplk;

J]f;fpf;fpl;L Bgha; ghu;j;jhu;fs;. Fwp brhy;gtu; brhd;dhuhk; FHe;ijf;F Bga;

gpoj;Jtpl;lJ vd;W. gpwF FHe;ijf;F ke;jpupr;rp tpg[jp Bghl;L J]f;fpf;fpl;L tPl;ow;F

te;jhu;fs;. kWgoa[k; xU ehs; mHhky; nUe;jJ. kWgoa[k; mH Muk;gpj;Jtpl;lJ.

nutpy; J]A;fpf;fpl;L nUf;Fk; BghJjhd; myz;L myz;L eLrhkj;jpy; fj;Jfpd;wjhk;.

clBd kWeh; Fwp brhy;gtuplk; FHe;ijia J]f;fp Bgha; kWgoa[k; tpg{jp Bghl;L

KofapW Bghl;L ke;jpupr;rp J]f;fpf;fpl;L te;jhu;fs;. mjd;gpwFjhd; FHe;ij ed;whf

MBuhf;fpaj;Jld; nUf;fpd;wJ.

97-tJ ehs; (12.10.2006)

FHe;ij tpg{jp Bghl;ljw;Fk; gpwFjhd; ed;whf nUg;gjhf FHe;ijapd; mk;kh

brhy;fpd;whs;. kWgoa[k; giHa epiyf;F khwp CA;, CA; f;u; f;u; ca; ca; vd;W

brhy;y csw Muk;gpj;Jtpl;lJ. bghGJ g{uht[k; CA;, CA; ca; ca; f;u; f;u; nA;,

nA; cA; T T vd;W fz;lgo vg;gg;ghu;j;jhYk; cswpf;bfhz;Bl jhd; nUf;fpd;wJ.

cswpf; bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ. tpisahl;Lg; bghUis FHe;ijapd; ifapy;

bfhLj;jhy; m;j bghUis thapy; itj;Jfnuz;L ifahYk; gpoj;J ft;tpf;bfhz;Bl

CA;, CA; ca; ca; vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. ne;j ehd;fthJ khjj;jpy; jhd;

Fg;g[wg;gLj;Jf; bfhz;bl beq;rhy; efu Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ.

98-tJ ehs; (13.10.2006)

FHe;ij ne;j khjj;jpy; beq;rhy; efu;e;J Bgha; xU bghUis vLf;ff;Toa Kaw;rpia

bra;fpd;wJ. FHe;ij ehSf;F ehs; ey;y tsu;r;rp epiyia milfpwJ. ne;j

khjj;jpy;jhd; jhapd; Kfj;ijg; ghu;j;J rpupf;fpd;wJ. K}d;W khjk; tiu FHe;ijapd;

jiy epiyapy;yhky; Mofpl;Bl nUf;Fk;. ne;j khjj;jpy; jhd; (ehd;fhtJ khjk;)

jiy Mlhky; xGA;fhf epw;fpd;wJ. ehd;F gf;fKk; Fg;g[wg;gLj;Jf;bfhz;Bl Rw;wp

Rw;wp tUfpd;wJ. J]uj;jpy; cl;fhu;e;J ehk; Bgr;Rf;bfhLj;jhy; mk;khitg; ghu;j;J

rpupf;fpd;wJ. mGfpd;wJ. Tg;gpl;lhy; efu;e;J tuhky; jiyiy Ml;o Ml;o mBj

nlj;jpy; gLj;jpUf;fpwJ.

99-tJ ehs; (14.10.2006)

ehd;fhtJ khjj;jpy; jhd; ne;j bray;Kiwfs; elf;fpd;wJ. FHe;ijapd; tsu;r;rpf;F

ehSf;F ehs; mjpfupj;Jf;bfhz;Bl tUfpd;wd. K}d;W khjA;;fs; tiujhd; if

fhy;fis ed;whf cijj;Jf;bfhs;fpwJ.

100-tJ ehs; (15.10.2006)

FHe;ijf;F mg;gh Kfk; brhe;jfhuu; Kfk; ahuhapUe;jhYk; bjupa tUtJ ne;j

khjj;jpy;jhd; mof;fo gHFfpd;wtu; Kfk; ed;whf bjupa Muk;gpf;fpd;wJk; ne;j

khjj;jpy;jhd;. K}d;whtJ khjj;jpy; FHe;ijia J]f;fp koapy; cl;fhu itj;jhy; jiy

Mof;fpl;Bl Jtz;L fPBH BghfpwJ. ehd;fhtJ khjj;jpy;jhd; xGA;fhf Mlhky;

Beuhf epw;fpd;wJ. mg;gh mk;kh rj;jk; Bfl;lhy; BghJk; xBu Mu;tkhf

ghu;f;fpwJ. Misf; fz;lt[ld; Fg;g[wg;gLj;Jf;bfhz;L Rw;wpr; Rw;wpg; ghu;f;fpwJ.

mtu;fs; fpl;l te;J FHe;ijia J]f;f tUtjw;Fs; re;Bjhrg;gLfpwJ. If fhy;fis

Bghl;L Ml;o Ml;o rpupf;fpd;wJ. CA;, CA;, ca;, ca;, f;u; f;u;, f;u; vd;W rj;jk;

Bghl;L re;Bjhrkh ghu;f;fpwJ. mg;gh FH;eijia J]f;fp Kj;jk; bfhLf;fpwhu;.

mk;kh Bgr;Rf; bfhLf;fpwhs;. Vk;gh vA;fpl;l tukhl;oah tuyd;dh Bgh mg;g[wkh

te;jpd;dh ehd; J]f;f khl;Bld; vd;W brhy;yp FHe;ijia ghu;j;Jf; brhy;fpwhs;.

mg;gh brhy;fpwhs; FHe;ijaplk; mk;khfpl;l Bghg;gh vd;W mk;kh brhy;fpwhs;

Btz;lhk; vA;fpl;l mtd; tuBtz;lhk; vd;W mk;kh brhy;fpwhs;.

101-tJ ehs; (15.10.2006)

FHe;ijapd; tsu;r;rp ehSf;F ehs; mjpfkhfpf; bfhz;Bl tUfpwJ. K}d;W

khjk; tiu FHe;ijif fhy;fiy cijj;Jf;bfhz;L tpisahLk;. ne;j ehd;fhtJ

khjj;jpy; bgUk;ghYk; mjpfkhf if fhy;fis cijj;Jf;bfhs;s Koapujpy;iy Vd;

vd;why; FHe;ij K}d;W khjk; tiu jhd; me;j bray;Kiwfs; eilbgWfpwJ.

ehd;fhtJ khjk; te;jhy; xUg[wkhf xUf;fypj;jy; eilbgWfpwJ. Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;s

eilbgWfpwJ. Fg;g[wgLj;Jf;bfhz;Bl ifapy; bghk;ikia vLj;J thapy; itj;J

fw;Wf;bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ. CA;, CA; nA;, nA;, ca; ca; f;u; f;u; f;u; T T T

vd;W ne;jkhjpup rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpd;wJ.

FHe;ij ehd;whfBt tsu;r;rp bgWfpd;wJ. nA;, nA;, CA; CA; vd;W

cswpfpl;Bl tpisahLfpd;wJ. FHe;ijapd; tsu;r;rp epiy ehSf;F ehs; mjp

tsu;r;rpia bgWfpd;wd.

102-tJ ehs; (17.10.2006)

FHe;ijf;F tptuk; bjupe;jJk; mg;ghitf; fz;lhy; rpupf;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ. rkaj;jpy;

mHt[k; bra;fpd;wJ. FHe;ij bghGJ g{uht[k; K}d;W khjk; tiu J]A;fp bfhz;Bl

jhd; nUf;fpd;wJ. mg;gh FHe;ijia J]f;fpdhy; FHe;ij mHhky; nUf;fpwJ.

mk;kh te;J J]f;fpdhy; clBd mk;khtplk; bry;fpwJ. rpy rkaA;fspy; me;j

FHe;ij mk;khtplk; BghfhJ. Mg;gtplBk jhd; nUf;fpd;wJ. mof;fo nA; nA;

CA; CA; fu; f;u; f;u; Fa; Fa; ca; vd;W ed;whfBt rj;jk; BghLfpd;wJ. ahuhtJ

jpObud;W rj;jk; Bghl;lhy; cw;W Behf;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ. Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhz;Bl

beq;rhy; efu Kaw;rp bra;fpwJ.

FHe;ij Fg;g[wgLjp;Jf;bfhz;Bl beq;rhy; efu Muk;gpf;fpwJ. beq;R typ

te;jhy; clBd mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ. T T T vd;W xU g[jpa rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

vGJfpd;w vdf;Bf Mr;rupakh nUe;jJ. mg;g[wk; ghu;j;jhy; mof;fo T T T ca;

ca; vd;W thia Ftp epiyapy; itj;Jf;bfhz;L rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

103- tJ ehs; (18.10.2006)

Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpd;wJ. mof;fo xUf;fypj;Jf; bfhz;Bl

gLj;jpUf;fpwJ. mof;fo nA; nA; brhy;fpwJ. gpwF CA; CA; ca; ca; f;u; f;u;

vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ.

FHe;ij fPBH Fg;g[wgLj;Jf;bfhz;Bl Rw;wp Rw;wp beq;rhy; efu;e;J tUfpwJ. mof;fo

gHFfpd;wtu; Kfk; ed;whf bjupatUfpd;wJ.

104-tJ ehs; (19.10.2006)

FHe;ij mHfhf thia jpwe;J rpupf;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ. FHe;ijia mk;kh J]f;fp

epkpu;j;jp gLf;ifapy; Bghl;lhy; ed;whf if fhy;fis cijj;J if tpuy;fis ePl;oa[k;

klf;fpa[k; fhy;fis ePl;oa[k; klf;fpa[k; tpisahofpl;Bl ehf;if btspapy; ePl;oa[k; gpwF

Cs; nGj;Jk; tpisahLfpd;wJ. jpObud;W xUf;fypj;J Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhz;L rj;jk; Bghl

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. nA; nA; CA; CA; ca; ca; T T vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;fpl;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ. ifahy; jiuia moj;J moj;J tpisahLfpwJ.

105-tJ ehs; (19.10.2006)

FHe;ij mof;fo Mf; Mt; fu; A;fu;t; fu;t; CA; fu;t; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L

tpisahLfpwJ. mg;BghJk; Tl ifia thapy; itj;J tpisahLfpwJ. rkaj;jpy;

xU ifia kl;Lk; thapy; itj;Jk; tpisahLfpwJ. mg;gh FHe;ijaplk; te;J

cl;fhu;e;J Bgr;Rf; bfhLf;Fk; BghJ FHe;ij l;lhl; l;lhl; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L

csWfpwJ.

FHe;ijia mg;gh ifapy; J]f;fp itj;Jf;bfhz;L f;u; f;u; vd;W brhy;ypf;bfhLf;fpwhu;.

me;j FHe;ij mg;ghitBa cw;W ftdpf;fpwJ. jpObud;W FHe;ij mH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. clBd FHe;ijia Beuhf brA;Fj;jhf epw;f itj;J tpisahl;Lf;

fhl;Lfpwhu;. FHe;ijf;F grp te;jhy; clBd ifia thapy; itj;Jf; fj;j

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. mjd; gpwF jha; ghy; bfhLj;J FH;eij mGtij epWj;jp tpLfpwJ.

FHe;ijia gf;fj;jpy; itj;jpUf;Fk; BghJ gf;fj;jp mg;gh te;J cl;fhu;e;jhy; FHe;ij

jhdhf thia ed;whf jpwe;J mg;ghitg; ghu;j;J rpupf;fpwJ. nuz;L ifiaa[k;

Bru;j;J thapy; itj;J foj;Jf;bfhz;Bl rpupf;fpwJ. mg;gh Bfl;fpwhu; vd;do bry;yk;

vd;do jA;fk; vd;W bfhq;rpag;go tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lfpwhu;.

106-tJ ehs; (20.20.2006)

FHe;ij mof;fo (ghy;) mjhtJ the;jp vLj;JtpLfpwJ. Mof;fo tpf;fy; tUfpd;wJ.

tpf;fy; e;jhy; JUk;ig xoj;J FHe;ijapd; jiyapy; Fr;rpahy; vr;rpy;bjhl;L

itf;fpwhu;fs;. mg;go itj;jhy; tpf;fy; tUtJ epd;W tpLfpwJ. rpwpJ Beuk; fHpj;J

FH;eij J]A;fptpl;lJ. miukzp Beuk; fHpj;J J]A;fp vGe;Jtpl;lJ. grpahy;

fj;Jfpd;wJ. jha; grpia Bghf;Ffpwhs;. gpwF FHe;ij CA; CA; nA; nA; Mu;

Mu;t; fu;t vd;W brhy;ypf;bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ. jha;fhuu; FHe;ijia tpl;L

tpl;L J]ur; brd;W Bgr;Rf; bfhLj;jhy; me;j FHe;ij rl;ilia ifapy; itj;Jf;

bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ.

107-tJ ehs; (21.10.2006)

FHe;ij ehSf;F ehs; ey;y tsu;r;rp epiyf;F tUfpd;wJ. nA; nA; CA; CA; f;u; f;u;

f;u; vd;Wk; mof;fo Mu;t; Mt; f;u;t; vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ. T T vd;Wk; Tl

brhy;fpwd;wJ. ehd;fhtJ khjj;jpy; jhd; jiy Beuhf epw;f Mukg;gpf;fpwJ. jiy

Koia ifapy; gpoj;jhy; BghJk; clBd thapy; itj;J fof;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

108-tJ ehs; (22.10.2006)

FHe;ijapd; tsu;r;rp epiy ey;y Kd;ndw;wj;jpy; tUfpd;wJ. FHe;ijapd; tsu;r;rpapd;

fhuzkhf epiwa bray;Kiwfs; fhz KofpwJ. Mg;goapUe;Jk; Tl FHe;ijapd;

tsu;r;rp epiy fhzg;gLfpwJ. ne;j ehd;fhtJ khjj;jpy; buhk;gt[k; mjpf tsu;r;rp

fhzg;gLfpwJ. K}d;W khj’;fs; tiu Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;sf;Toa tsu;r;rpia bgWfpd;wd.

FHe;ij fhy;fis tapw;wpd; Bky; J]f;fp itj;Jk; tpisahLfpd;wJ. ehs; Mf Mf

FHe;ijia fPBH gLf;f itj;jhy; clBd Fg;g[j;Jf; bfhs;sj;jhd; bra;fpwJ.

jha; FHe;ijia koapy; J]f;fp ghy; bfhLf;Fk; BghJ thapy; xU rj;jk;

vGg;gpf; bfhz;Bljhd; Fof;fpwJ. rpy rkaA;fspy; ghy; Fof;Fk; bghGJ mGJ

bfhz;Bl Fof;fpwJ. nuz;L iffisa[k; vg;gg;ghu;j;jhYk; thapy; itj;jg;goBa

tpisahLfpwJ. ehk; FHe;ijaplk; cl;fhu;e;J Bgr;Rf; bfhLj;jhy; mk;khitg; ghu;j;J

rpupf;fpwJ.

109-tJ ehs; (23.10.2006)

FHe;ij mof;fo xUf;fypj;Jf; bfhz;Bl Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;fpwJ.

Fg;g[wg;gLj;Jf;bfhz;Bl beq;rhy; efut[k; bra;fpwJ. if tpuy;fisa[k; fhy;

tpuy;fisa[k; ed;whf ePl;oa[k; klf;fpa[k; jiyf;F Bky; J]f;fpa[k; tpisahLfpwJ.

FHe;ijaplk; jha; brd;W FHe;ijapd; gf;fj;jpy; gLj;jpf; bfhz;L jiyf;F Bky;

nUg[wKk; itj;Jf;bfhz;L ed;whf Bgr;Rf; bfhLj;J Kj;jk; bfhLj;jhy; thia fpsp

khjpup kpft[k; jHfh jpwe;J rpupf;fpwJ. mjd; gpwF FHe;ij jhdhfBt rpupf;fpwJ.

jhdhfBt CA; CA; f;a; f;a; f;a; f;u; f;u; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L xyp vGg;gpf;fpl;Bl

tpisahL Muk;gpf;fwpJ. FHe;ijiaj; J]f;fp mg;ghtplk; fhl;o mul;il

mof;Fk;BghJ FHe;ijiag; ghu;j;J tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lfpwhu;.

110-tJ ehs; (24.10.2006)

FHe;ij jhdhf Bgrt[k; Muk;gpj;Js;sJ. fz;lgo thapy; te;jgo cswpfpl;Bl jhd;

Fg;g[wg;gLj;jf; bfhz;Bl ifahy; jiyia jl;o jl;o CA; CA;

f;u; f;u; f;u; ca;a; vdt[k; rj;jk; Bghl;Lf; bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpd;wJ.

111-tJ ehs; (25.10.2006)

FHe;ijia jha;f;fhuu; rj;jk; Bghl;L Tg;gpLfpwhu;. me;j FHe;ija[k; jha; Fuiy

Bfl;L ed;whf g[upe;Jf; bfhz;L FHe;ija[k; rj;jk; Bghl;Lf; bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ.

Mk;kh FHe;ijiag; ghu;j;J Bfl;fpwhu; Vk;gh grpf;fiyah. Vd;lh jA;fk;

Vd;lh bry;yk; vd;W Bfl;fpwhu;. me;j FHe;ij beq;rhy; efu;e;J efu;e;J mk;khfpl;Bl

te;J f;u; ca; CA; rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;fpl;Bl jhd; jhdhf efu;e;J tUfpwJ. mk;kht[f;F

Mr;rupakhf nUe;jjhk;.

112-tJ ehs; (26.10.2006)

FHe;ij ehl;fs; Mf Mf buhk;g ey;y tsu;r;rp epiyia mila Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

mg;gh te;J FH;eijia J]f;fp bfhq;Rk; BghJ f;a; f;a; nA; nA; CA; ca; vd;bwy;yhk;

csWfpwjhk;. Mg;ghBt brhy;fpwhu; vd; kfd; ey;yh BgRfpwhd; vd;W buhk;g[tk;

re;Bjhrg;gLfpwhu;. mof;fo csw Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

113-tJ ehs; (27.10.2006)

ne;j khjj;jpy; jhd; jhapd; Kfj;ijBah my;yJ mg;ghtpd; Kfj;ijBah ghu;f;fpd;wJ.

ghu;f;ft[k; Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. jiyia[k; Beuhf Mlhky; epw;fpd;wJ. FHe;ij

mGk;BghJ CA; ca;a; fu; f;u; f;a; f;a; vd;Wk; csWfpd;wJ. FHe;ij jhdhfBt

rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;fpl;Bl tpisahLfpwJ. mof;fo rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. CA; CA; ca;a; f;u;

f;u; f;a; f;a; vd;Wk; xU rpy rkaj;jpy; mg;ghit mgh vd;Wk; BgRfpwJ. FHe;ijapd;

jiy K}d;W khjA;fs; tiu Mo Mof;fpl;Bl jhd; nUf;fpd;wJ. ehd;fhtJ khjk;

jhd; jiy Mlhky; Beuhf brA;Fj;jhf epd;fpd;wJ. K}d;W khjA;fs; tiu jhd;

FHe;ij bghGJ g{uht[k; J]A;fpf;bfhz;LBljhd; nUf;fpd;wJ. ehd;fhtJ khjk;

bjhlu;e;j gpwF jhd; FHe;ijf;F J]f;fk; Fiwa Muk;gpf;fpwJ. J]f;fj;jpBy FHe;ij

thia jpwe;jgoBaa[k; J]A;Ffpd;wJ. gpwF fz;tpHpj;jg;gpwF jhdhfBt thia

K}of;bfhz;Lk; J]A;Ffpd;wJ.

114-tJ ehs; (28.10.2006)

FHe;ij ehl;fs; Mf Mf ed;whf tsu;r;rpia milfpd;wJ. xUf;fypj;Jf;bfhz;L

gpwF Fg;g[wg;gLj;Jf; bfhs;fpd;wJ. grp te;jhy; mHt[k; bra;fpd;wJ. grp Bghd

gpwF mikjpaha; nUf;fpd;wJ.

115-tJ ehs; (29.10.2006)

FHe;ij K}d;W khjA;fs; tiu jhd; if fhy;fis ed;whf cijj;Jf;bfhz;L

tpisahLfpd;wJ. mjd;gpwF mjpfkhf if fhy;fis cijj;Jf;bfhs;s Koa

naYtjpy;iy. Vbdd;why; xUf;fypf;f Muk;gpj;J tpLfpwJ. gpwF

Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;s Muk;gpf;fpwJ. mg;goBa ehs; Mf Mf me;j bray;fs;

eilbgwKoahky;Bgha;tpLfpwJ.

116-tJ ehs; (30.10.2006)

FHe;ij ed;whfBt tsu;r;rp bgw;W tUfpd;wd. FHe;ijia mk;kh J]f;fpdhy; mHhky;

mg;goBa nUf;fpd;wd. BtW ahuhtJ Kfk; bjupahjtu; Tg;gpl;lhNyh my;yJ

J]f;fpdhByh clBd mH Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. clBd mk;kh Vk;gh mHhBjg;gh ehd;

tBud; vd;W mk;kh rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;bfhz;Bl mk;kh te;J FHe;ijia J]f;fp

mGifia epWj;jpdhA;fs;. gpwF FHe;ij mtiu ghu;f;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ. ghu;j;j

gpwF kWgoa[k; mH Muk;gpfpf;wJ. mk;kh rupg;gh mGthBjg;gh ny;y ny;y vd;W

brhy;yp mGifia fl;Lg;gLj;jpdhA;f.

117-tJ ehs; (31.10.2006)

FHe;ij mjpfkhf mGifia epWj;jhky; mGJ bfhz;BlapUe;jhy; mk;kh

Bfhgkilfpwhu;. gpwF FHe;ijia J]f;fp ghy; bfhLj;J kWgoa[k; gLf;f itg;ghs;

kWgoa[k; mGJf;bfhz;Bl jhd; nUf;fpd;wJ. mjpfkh Bfhgk; tu moj;jpLBtd;

jk;gp xGA;fh nU, mHhky; nUf;fDk; vd;W brhy;yp jpl;Lfpd;whs;. me;j FHe;ij

mk;khit cw;W ghu;f;fpwJ. rj;jk; Bghlf;TlhJ vd;W mk;kh kWgoa[k;

jpl;Lfpd;whs;.

FHe;ij jhdhfBt ca; vd;W brhy;ypf;fpl;Bl mGfpwJ. f;u; nA; vd;Wk;

brhy;fpd;wJ. mGJf;bfhz;Bl CA; CA; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;fpl;Bl mk;khit

ghu;f;fpwJ.

118-tJ ehs; (1.11.2006)

FHe;ij ehd;F gf;fKk; jpUk;gp jpUk;gp mBj nlj;jpy; gLj;Jf;bfhz;Bl ghu;f;f

Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. FHe;ijapd; mGif epiyapy; mk;kh buhk;gt[k; Bfhgk; bfhs;fpd;whs;

kw;wgo vy;yhk; BtW vJt[Bk epidg;gjpy;iy. xGA;fhf mHhkYk; jiyia Beuhft[k;

itj;Jf;bfhz;L ey;y tsu;r;rpia milfpd;wd.

119-tJ ehs; (2.11.2006)

FHe;ijapd; tsu;r;rp epiy ehSf;F ehs; ey;y MBuhf;fpakhft[k; Tl nUf;fpd;wd.

FHe;ijapd;mg;gh FHe;ijia J]f;fpdhy; re;Bjhrkhd Kfg;bghypt[ld; jhd;

rpupg;g[lDk; Tl mg;ghtplk; BghfpwJ. ehk; Bgr;Rf; bfhLj;jhy; me;j FHe;ij

ftdpf;f Koahky; Tl mg;ghtplk; tpisahLfpd;wJ. rpwpJ Beuk; fHpj;J mg;gh

FHe;ijia fPBH gLf;f itj;Jtpl;L brd;W tpl;lhu;. xU epkpk; jhd; nUf;Fk; clBd

Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhz;L tpisahl Muk;gpf;fpwJ. tpisahl;L bghUs;fis ifapy; vLj;J

thapy; itj;Jf; foj;J tpisahLfpwJ.

120-tJ ehs; (3.11.2006)

FHe;ij mof;fo CA; CA; u; f;u; f;u; f;a; f;a; ca;a vd;W cswpfpl;Bl jhd;

tpisahLfpd;wJ. nA; CA; CA; ca;a; vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpd;wJ. jpObud

mk;khitg; ghu;j;J rpupf;fpd;wJ. Fg;g[wg;gLj;Jf; bfhz;Bl Rw;wp Rw;wp tUfpd;wJ.

mk;kh Bgr;R bfhLj;Jf; bfhz;Bl mtu; Btiyia ghu;f;fpwhu;. 34 khjA;fs; jhd;

ne;j epiyapBy nUf;Fkhk;. tsu;r;rp milaila ey;y cly; MBuhf;fpaKk;

TLkhk;.

FHe;ij jpObud mkh vd;Wk; brhy;y Muk;gpf;fpwJ. FHe;ijapd; mg;ght[k;

brhy;fpwhu;. vd; g[s;s vd;id mggh vd;Wk; vd; kidtpia mkh vd;Wk; Tl

brhy;y Muk;gpj;Jtpl;lJ vd;W brhy;fpwhu;. (vdf;Bf Mr;rupakhfj;jhd; nUf;fpwJ)

121-tJ ehs; (4.11.206)

FHe;ij CA; CA; Ca;a; vd;Wk; nA; f;u; vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ. gpwF f;a; f;a;, C vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ. mk;kh mg;gh FHe;ijia J]f;fp koapy; BkYk; tapw;wpd; BkYk; J]f;fp

itj;jf; bfhz;L tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lfpwhu;. me;j FHe;ij fpsp khjpup thiaj; jpwe;J

bfhz;L ed;whf rpupf;fpwJ. mg;ghit fhyhy; cijf;fpwJ. mg;gh FHe;ijf;F

brhy;ypf; bfhLf;fpwhu;. vd;d brhy;ypf;bfhLf;fpwhu; bjupa[A;fsh. f;a; f;a; f;u; f;u; f;u;

vd;Wk; mk;kh mg;gh vd;Wk; brhy;ypf; bfhLf;fpwhu;. me;j FHe;ij mg;gh brhy;ypf;

bfhLg;gija[k; Bfl;L f;u; f;u; Ca;a; vd;Wk; ed;whfBt brhy;fpwJ. FHe;ij jpObud

mg;ghtpd; K}f;if, Kfj;ij gpoj;Jf; fof;fpd;wJ. nWf;fkh fz;iz Kof;bfhz;L

mg;ghtpd; K}f;if gpoj;Jf; fof;fpd;wJ. clBd mg;gh mGJ fhl;Lfpwhu; Rk;kh.

me;j mg;ghit beq;rpd; Bky; mof;fpd;wJ.

122-tJ ehs; (5.11.2006)

FHe;ij jhdhfBt nA; nA; vd;W brhy;fpd;wJ. rkaj;jpy; CA; CA; Ca;a; ca; vd;Wk;

brhy;fpd;wJ. ca;a; f;u; f;u; vd;Wk; brhy;fpd;wJ. FHe;ij ey;y tsu;r;rp epiyia

milfpd;wJ.

FHe;ijia J]f;fp jiyapy; epw;f itj;jhy; FHe;ijahy; epw;f Koatpy;iy. xU

fhiy fPBH Byrh Cd;Wfpd;wJ. Cd;wp epw;fpwJ. kw;bwhU fhiy Bky; Behf;fpBa

bjhA;f itf;fpd;wJ. gpwF fhy; typ vLj;jhy; mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ. FHe;ijia

koapy; Bghl;L Kj;jk; bfhLj;J bfhq;Rfpwhs;. rpupj;Jf;bfhz;Bl FHe;ijia[k;

tpisahLfpwJ. rpwpJ Beuk; fHpj;j gpwF FHe;ijiaj; bjhl;oypy; Bghl;L jhyhl;L

gho bjhl;oiy Ml;rp tpLfpwhu;. me;j FHe;ij thapy; tpuiy itj;Jf;bfhz;L ca;

CA; fu; f;u; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;bfhz;Bl bjhl;oypy; tpisahLfpd;wJ.

123-tJ ehs; (6.11.2006)

FHe;ij Fspahl;Lk;BghJ FHe;ij jhdhf kz;iz bjhLfpd;wJ. ehf;if btspapy;

ePl;odg;goa[k; rkaj;jpy; J]A;fhky; mg;goBa mau;e;J J]A;Fkhk;. FHe;ijia Fspay;

bra;J bgslu; bghl;L vy;yhk; bra;J J]A;f itf;fpd;whs; me;j FHe;ij mau;e;J

J]A;Ffpd;wjhk;.

124-tJ ehs; (7.11.2006)

rpy rkaA;fspy; ne;j FHe;ij J]A;fhky; rpupj;Jf;bfhz;Bl rj;jk; Bghl

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. FHe;ijia fPBH gLf;f itf;fpwhs;. me;j FHe;ij nuz;L

iffisa[k; thapy; itj;Jf;bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ. clBd Fg;g[wg;gLj;Jf;bfhz;L

tpisahl Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. FHe;ijf;F grp te;jhy; ifia thapy; itj;J mH

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

125-tJ ehs; (8.11.2006)

FHe;ijapd; ghl;o te;J FHe;ijia ftdpf;fpwhu;. FHe;ij ghl;oiag; ghu;j;jhy;

clBd rpupf;f Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. ghl;oa[k; FHe;ijia J]f;fp Kj;jk; bfhLj;J bfhq;r

Muk;gpf;fpd;whu;. me;jf; FHe;ija[k; nA; nA; CA; CA; vd;W brhy;ypf;bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ. FHe;ijapd; ftdj;ij mtu; gf;fk; jpUg;gptpl;lhs;. lhl;lhlh vd;W

FHe;ij cswpaijg; ghu;j;J ghl;o Mr;rupag;gl;lhu;. rpwpJ Beuk; fHpj;Jg; ghu;j;jhy;

ghl;oapd; K}f;if foj;J tpl;ljhk;. clBd ghl;o jpl;odhA;fshk;.

rpwpJ Beuk; fHpj;J mk;kh te;J FHe;ijapd; gf;fj;jpy; gLj;Jf;bfhz;L

tpisahl;Lf; fhl;o grpf;Fjhg;gh vd;W Bfl;fpwhu;. clBd mk;khtpd; BkBy ifiag;

itj;J moj;Jf;bfhz;L tpisahodjhk;.

126-tJ ehs; (9.11.2006)

FHe;ijapd; tsu;r;rp epiy buhk;gt[k; ed;whfBt nUf;fpd;wJ. FHe;ijapd; mg;ght[k;

mk;kht[k; brhy;fpwhs;. FHe;ijf;F brhe;jf;fhuu; Kfk; my;yJ BtW ahu; Kfkhf

nUe;jhYk; bjupa Muk;gpj;Jtpl;lJ. gpd;g[ mtu;fis fz;lhy; mHtpy;iy.

ijupakh ghu;f;f Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ.

127-tJ ehs; (10.11.2006)

FHe;ij Ie;J khjj;ij mila[k; BghJ cl;fhu Muk;gpf;fpwJ. ed;whf tpisahlt[k;

bra;fpd;wJ. mg;gh Kfk; brhe;jf;fhuu; ahuhapUe;jhYk; bjupa Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

mof;fo gHFfpd;wtu; Kfk; ed;whfBt bjupa Muk;gpf;fpwJ. ne;j Ie;jhtJ

khjj;jpy;jhd; Xustpw;F vg;gthtJ xU Kiw kl;Lk; mk;k vd;W brhy;fpwJ. Mdhy;

mg;gh vd;W brhy;y bjupatpy;iy. mg vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ. FHe;ij MW khjA;fs;

tiu jha;g;ghy; kl;Lk; jhd; Fof;Fkhk;. BtW vJt[k; bfhLg;gjhf nUe;jhy; gp!;fl;

kl;Lk;jhd;. bfhLj;jhy; the;jp vLj;JtpLfpwjhk;. Mdhy; FHe;ijf;F vJ

bfhLj;jhYk; ed;whf rg;gp rhg;gpl Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

128-tJ ehs; (11.11.2006)

FHe;ijia fPBH gLf;f itj;jhy; clBd Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhz;L jhd; tpisahLfpwJ.

FHe;ij jhdhfBt cswpfpl;Lf; bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ. CdA;; CdA; vd;Wk; CA;

CA; vd;Wk; fj;jpf; bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ. jha; FHe;ijia tpl;L J]ur;

brd;Wtpl;lhy; kWgoa[k; FHe;ijaplk; te;J cl;fhu;e;J Bgr;Rf;bfhLj;jhy; me;j

FHe;ij rl;ilia ifapy; itj;Jf;bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ. mk;kh Bfl;fpwhu; Vk;gh

rl;iliag; gpoj;Jf fof;fpw Vd;lh vd;W brhy;ypf; bfhz;Bl tpisahl;Lf;

fhl;Lfpwhu;.

129-tJ ehs; (12.11.2006)

FHe;ijia ed;whf ghJfhg;ghf ghu;j;Jf;bfhs;fpwhu;. FHe;ijapd; ghl;o

FHe;ij re;Bjhrkhf tpisahLfpd;wd.

130-tJ ehs; (13.11.2006)

FHe;ijapd; mg;gh FHe;ijf;F g[J Jzpfis Bghl;LtpLfpwhu;. FHe;ijia J]f;fp

Kj;jk; bfhLj;J bfhq;rp tpisahLfpwhu;. FHe;ija[k; mg;ghtpd; Kfj;ijg; gpoj;J

fof;fpd;wJ. FHe;ijia cl;fhu itj;jh g totpy; nuz;L fhy;fisa[k; itj;J

cl;fhu;e;jpUf;fpwJ. nuz;L Fjp fhy;fis[ak; xl;o itj;Jjhd; cl;fhu;fpd;wJ.

cl;fhu Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. gf;fj;jpy; ahUk; cl;fhu;e;jpUe;jhy; mtu;fs; VjhtJ

bghUs;fs; itj;jpUe;jhy; clBd xU ifia fPBH tpGe;J tpl;lhy; BjLtjw;F Kaw;rp

bra;fpd;wJ. me;j bghUis vLj;J thapy; itj;Jf; fof;fpd;wJ.

131-tJ ehs; (14.11.2006)

mg;ghit ghu;j;jhy; me;jf; FHe;ij ifahy; bghUis fPBH jl;o jl;o mgh vd;W

Tg;gpl Kaw;rp bra;fpd;wJ. mg;gh clBd FHe;ijia J]f;fp bfhz;L kw;wtuplk;

Bgrpf;bfhz;Ls;shu;.

132-tJ ehs; (15.11.2006)

FHe;ijia FHe;ijapd; mk;kh mof;fo fPBH cl;fhu itf;fpwhA;f. me;jf; FHe;ij

ed;whf Mlhky; cl;fhu nd;Dk; khjA;fis flf;f Btz;oa[s;sJ. Cd;A; Cd;A;

CA; CA; Ca;a; f;u; f;u; vd;Wk; f;a; f;a; ca; vd;bwy;yhk; rj;jk; Bghl;L jhdhf

cswpf;bfhz;Bl tpisahl Muk;gpf;fpwJ. FHe;ijapd; mk;kh FHe;ijf;F vz;bza;

Bja;fpwhA;f, me;j FHe;ij jiyia Ml;o Ml;o tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lkhk;. mof;fo

nA; nA; CA; CA; f;u; vd;W BgRfpd;wJ.

f;a;f;a; ca;a; vd;W csWfpd;wJ. lhl;lhl; vd;W csw Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

bgUk;ghyk; brhd;d thu;j;ijfisBa jpUk;gj;jpUk;g brhy;ypf; bfhz;Bl tUfpd;wJ.

nA; ca; f;u; fu;t fu;t vd;Wk; csWfpd;wJ. FHe;ijapd; Bky; cjl;ow;F fPBHa[k;

Bky; cjl;il Bky;Behf;fpa[k; fPH; cjl;il me;j Bky; cjl;ow;F fPBHa[k; ghjp

K}odkhjpupa[k; ghjp jpwe;j khjpupa[k; itj;J J]A;FfpwJ.

133-tJ ehs; (16.11.2006)

FHe;ijia J]f;fp koapy; cl;fhu itj;J FHe;ijia gpof;fhky; Bgrpf;bfhz;L

nUe;jdu;. FHe;ijapd; mk;kh jpObud FHe;ij fPBH Fg;g[w tpGe;J tpl;lJ me;jf;

FHe;ij Btfkhf mH Muk;gpj;Jtpl;lJ. clBd FHe;ijapd; mGifif

epWj;Jfpd;whs;.

134-tJ ehs; (17.11.2006)

FHe;ijapd; mk;kh FHe;ijf;F grpiag; Bghf;fp gpwF btspapy; thrypy; bghk;ik

fple;jij FHe;ijiag; ghu;j;J tpl;lJ. clBd me;j bghk;ikiia vLg;gjw;fhf

btspapy; Bghtjw;F Fg;g[wg;gLj;Jf; bfhz;Bl beq;rhy; efu;e;J efu;e;J te;J me;j

bghk;ikia vLg;gjw;F Kaw;rp bra;fpd;wJ. mk;kh bghk;ikia vLj;J te;J

FHe;ijaplk; bfhLf;fpd;whs; clBd bghk;ikia thapy; vLj;J itj;J fof;fpd;wJ.

bghk;ikiaf; fof;Fk; bghGBj f;a; f;f;a f;u; f;u; ca; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;bfhz;Bl

bghk;ikiaf; fof;fpd;wJ.

135-tJ ehs; (18.11.2006)

FHe;ij Cd;A; Cd;A; vd;W csWfpd;wJ. mgh vd;Wk; Tg;gpLfpwJ.

FHe;ijf;F gp!;fl; bfhLj;jhy; ed;whf rg;gp rhg;gpLfpd;wJ. gpwF the;jp

vLj;JtpLfpwJ. FHe;ij cl;fhu itj;jhy; rha;e;J rha;e;J Mo Mo

cl;fhUfpd;wJ.

FHe;ijia mk;kht[k; mg;ght[k; re;Bjhrkhf bfhq;rp tpisahl;lf;

fhl;Lfpwhu;fs;. FHe;ija[k; ed;whf re;Bjhrkhf tpisahLfpd;wJ.

136-tJ ehs; (19.11.2006)

FHe;ijfs; buhk;gt[k; mjpf tsu;r;rpiag; bgWfpd;wd. Mdhy; ne;j FHe;ij

ey;y tsu;r;rpia bgw;Ws;sJ. ehl;fs; Mf Mf MBuhf;fpaj;JlDkl; tsu;fpd;wd.

FHe;ij Cd;A; Cd;A; f;u; f;u; ca;a; vd;W csWfpd;wJ. n;A; f;a; vd;Wk;

csWfpd;wd. mjpf Beuk; FHe;ij J]A;Ftjpy;iy. buhk;g tpisahLtJ jhd;

mjpf kpFjpfshf nUf;fpd;wd.

137-tJ ehs; (20.11.2006)

ne;j khjj;jpy; jhd; mk;kh mg;gh brhy;tij g[upe;J Bfl;f Toa rf;jpiag;

bgw Kaw;rpia bra;fpd;wJ. FHe;ij mof;fo Bgrpf;bfhz;Bl jhd; tpisahLfpwJ.

xU rpy rkaj;jpy; Btfkhf rj;jkhf fj;Jfpwjhk;. Mt;tst[ Mu;tkh rj;jk; Bghl;L

tpisahLfpwJ. FH;eijia koapy; cl;fhu itj;jhy; Mof;fpl;Bl jhd;

cl;fhu;e;jpUf;fpwJ. nA; nA; brhy;ypf;bfhz;Bl tpisahlt[k; bra;fpd;wJ.

138-tJ ehs; (21.11.2006)

FHe;ij jpObud ghy; Fof;fpwij epWj;jptpl;L ghl;oaplk; bry;y

jht[fpwJ. FHe;ijia jk;gp jk;gp vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;Lf; Tg;gpLfpwhsu;

FHe;ij CA; CA; vd;W brhy;ypf; bfhz;Bl jhiag; ghu;j;J rpupf;fpd;wJ.

FHe;ijia mg;gh J]f;fp brd;Wtpl;lhu;. gpwF jha;f;fhuu; BjLfpd;whu;.

bfhq;r Beuk; fHpj;Jg; ghu;j;jhy; Bjhl;lj;jpd; gf;fkh FHe;ijapd; rj;jk;

Bfl;lJ. gpwF FHe;ijf;F mg;gh brhy;ypf;bfhLf;fpwhu;. nA; nA; CA; CA;

clk;ig KWf;fpf; bfhz;Bl fj;j Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

jha;f;fhuu; fdtuplk; rj;jk; BghLfpwhu;. Jk;gp vd;d fj;Jfpwhd;

FH;eijia nA;f J]f;fpf;fpl;L thA;f vd;W fztiu jpl;Lfpwhs;. FHe;ijia

J]f;fp Vk;gh fj;Jd mg;gh jpl;odhuh vd;W Bfl;ljw;F CA; CA; vd;W rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. ca; ca; f;u; f;u; vd;Wk; fj;Jfpd;wJ. mk;kh rup rup mHhBj

vd;W brhy;yp FHe;ijia rkhjhdk; bra;fpwhs;.

FHe;ijia cl;fhu itj;jhy; gf;fj;jpBy mk;kh FHe;ijia

gpoj;Jf;bfhz;Bl jhd; nUg;ghu;. xU rpy BeuA;fspy; FHe;ij fPBH

tpGe;JtpLfpwJ. mjhdy; bgUk;ghYk; FHe;ijia fPBH jdpahf cl;fhu

itf;ftpy;iy. mg;gh brhy;fpwhu; FHe;ijaplk; cl;fhu;e;jhy; fPBH tpGfpw

gf;fj;jpBy Ms; BtZkh CA; vd;W brhy;fpwhu;

FHe;ijapd; ghl;o te;J FHe;ijia J]f;fp tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lfpwhu;.

FHe;ij CA; CA; Ca;a; vd;W brhy;ypf;bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpd;wJ. mof;fo

mgh vd;Wk; Tg;gpl Muk;gpj;Jtpl;lJ. FH;eijia ftdpf;fhky; mtutu;

Btiyiag; ghu;j;Jf;bfhz;oUe;jhy; FHe;ij jhBd cswpfpl;Bl

tpisahof;bfhz;BlapUf;fpd;wJ. grp te;jt[ld; mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

139-tJ ehs; (22.11.2006)

FHe;ij mof;fo mjpfkhd Xiria vGg;gpf; bfhz;oUe;jJ.

140-tJ ehs; (23.11.2006)

FHe;ijf;F Kfk; bjupe;jtu;fs; ahuhtJ te;jhy; CA; CA; vd;W rj;jk;

Bghl;Lf;fpl;Bl mtiug; ghu;j;Jf; bfhz;Bl nUf;fpwjhk;. ca; ca; f;a; f;a; vdt[k;

csWfpwJ.

141-tJ ehs; (24.11.2006)

FHe;ij ehl;fs; mjpfkhf mjpfkhf buhk;gt[k; mjpfkhfBt rj;jk; Bghl

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. bghk;ikia jhdhfBt jhtp vLj;Jjf; bfhz;L tpisahLfpd;wJ.

mkh vdt[k; rj;jk; BghLfpwjhk;. xU rpy BeA;fspy; rj;jk; ny;yhkYk;

gLj;jpUf;Fkhk;. BkBy ghu;j;Jf;bfhz;L mk;kh vd;dlh g[s;s rj;jk; ,y;yhky;

nUf;F vd;W Xo te;J ghu;j;jhy; mikjpaha; if fhy;fis cijj;Jf;bfhz;L

gLj;jpUe;jjhk;.

142-tJ ehs; (25.11.2006)

FHe;ij ey;y tsu;r;rp epiyia milfpd;wd. FHe;ij ne;j Ie;jhtJ

khjj;jpy;jhd; cl;fhu Muk;gpf;fpwJ. nd;Dk; ehs;fs; Mf Mf ed;whfBt cl;fhu

Muk;gpf;Fk;. FHe;ij Cd;A; Cd;A; nA; ca; vd;Wk; rj;jk; Bghl;L csWfpd;wJ.

mgh vd;Wk; mkh vd;Wk; brhy; Muk;gpj;J tpl;lJ. FHe;ij J]A;fpf; bfhz;L

nUf;Fk; BghBj behl;ly; tpLfpwJ. bjhl;oypy; FHe;ijia J]A;fitj;jhy;

xUf;fypj;Jjhd; gLj;jpUe;jpUf;fpwj. FHe;ij mof;fo ghy; (the;jp) vLj;JtpLfpwJ.

(mjhtJ the;jp vLj;J tpLfpwJ) mk;kh FHe;ijia J]f;fp Vd; jA;fk; bry;yk; vd;W

bfhq;rpf;bfhz;Bl tpisahl;Lf; fhl;o grpiag; Bghf;Ffpd;whs; FHe;ij ghy;

Foj;jt[ld; CA; CA; f;ah vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ. gpwF mg;gh

te;J FHe;ijia J]f;fp bfhq;Rfpwhou;. FHe;ijaplk; mg;gh Fuy; bfhLj;jJk;

mg;ghtpd; Fuiy Bfl;lJk; rpupf;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

143-tJ ehs; (26.11.2006)

FHe;ijf;F jha; gp!;fl; bfhLf;fpwhs; FHe;ij ed;whf ehf;if btspapy; ePl;o

mHfhf rhg;gpl Muk;gpf;fpwJ. jz;zPUk; bfhLf;fpwhA;f ed;whf rhg;gpLfpwJ. xU

ehs; FHe;ijf;F gp!;fl; xj;Jf; bfhs;shky; the;jp the;jpa vLj;J clk;g[ Koahky;

Bgha;tpl;lJ. mjpypU;eJ FHe;ijf;F gp!;fl; bfhLg;gij epWj;jptpl;lJ. bghk;ikia

ifapy; bfhLj;jhy; bghk;ikia thapy; vLj;Jitj;Jf; fof;fpd;wJ. bghk;ikia J]u

Bghl;Ltpl;L jhtp vLf;f Kaw;rp bra;fpd;wJ.

xU rpy rkaA;fspy; FHe;ij J]A;fp vGe;jpUf;Fk; BghBj rpupj;j Kfj;BjhL

vGe;jpUf;fpwhd; vd;W mg;gh brhy;ypf;bfhz;Bl FHe;ijia J]f;Ffpwhu;. FHe;ij

ehf;if btspapy; ePl;o bfhl;lhtp tpLfpwJ. kidtpaplk; brhy;yp ghy; bfhLf;fr;

brhy;fpwhu;.

144-tJ ehs; (27.11.2006)

FHe;ij mof;fo nA; vd;W brhy;fpwJ. gpwF CA; CA; Ca;a; vdt[k;

brhy;fpwJ. mjpf Beuk; J]A;fhky; tpisahof;fpl;Bl jhd; nUf;fpwJ. FHe;ijiia

cl;fhu itj;jhy; U totpy; jhd; fhiy itj;J jhd; cl;fhUfpd;wJ. buhk;gt[k;

mjpfkhfBNt CWfpd;wJ. mk;kh FHe;ijia J]f;fpf;bfhz;L gf;fj;J tPl;ow;F

brd;wpUe;jhByh my;yJ BtW vA;fhtJ brd;whByh me;j FHe;ij Btof;if

ghu;f;fpwJ. ey;y MBuhf;fpaj;JlDk; nUf;fpwJ.

TA; TA; vd;W jhBd rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. mof;fo xUf;fypj;Jg; gLf;fpd;wJ.

gpwF Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;st[k; bra;fpd;wJ. FHe;ijapd; gf;fj;jpy; jha; gLj;Jf;bfhz;L

tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lk; BghJ jhapd; Bky; fhyhy; khw;wp khw;wp cijj;Jf;bfhz;L

tpisahLfpwJ. jhapd; jiyKoia ifahy; gpoj;J thapy; itj;Jf; fof;fpwJ.

ifia vl;l vLj;jhy; fj;j Muk;gpf;fpwJ. clBd jha; mHhBjg;gh vd;W brhy;ypf;

bfhz;Bl FHe;ij cl;fhu;e;jpUf;Fk; bghGBj a{upd; Bgha; tpLfpwj. clBd ifahs;

jl;o jl;o clk;gpy; g{rpf;bfhs;fpwJ. mk;kh ghu;j;jt[ld; FHe;ijia J]f;fp Jzpahy;

Jilj;J kWgoa[k; BtW nlj;jpy; gLf;f itf;fpwhs;. me;j FHe;ij xBu nlj;jpy;

gLj;jpUf;fhky; efu;e;J efu;;e;J Rw;wpr; Rw;wp tpisahLfpwJ. ve;jg; bghUs; tPl;oy;

FHe;ijf;F bjupfpw khjpup nUe;jhy; clBd efu;e;J Bgha; me;jg; bghUis

vLj;JtpLk;. ny;iybad;why; jz;zPu; cs;s ghj;jpukh nUe;jhYk; jz;zPiu Cw;wp

tpLfpwJ.

Ie;jhtJ khjj;jpy; Byr Byrhjhd; cl;fhu Muk;gpf;fpwJ. if nuz;ila[k;

fPBH Cd;wp jhd; cl;fhUk;. cl;fhu Muk;gpf;fpwJ. MwhtJ khjj;jpy;jhd;

ed;whf cl;fhu;e;jpUf;Fkhk;.

145-tJ ehs; (28.11.2006)

FHe;ij nA; CA; CA; vd;wbwy;yhk; csWfpd;wJ. mof;fo FHe;ij cl;fhu

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. Mof;bfhz;Bljhd; cl;fhu;e;jpUf;fpwJ.

146-tJ ehs; (28.11.2006)

Cd;A; Cs;A Ca;a; ca; f;u; f;a; ca; TA; TA; vd;bwy;yhk; csWfpwJ.

FHe;ijf;F tsu;r;rp epiyfs; khWgl;Lf; bfhz;Bl jhd; tUfpd;wJ. FHe;ijf;F grp

te;jhy; bghk;ikia ifapy; gpoj;Jf;bfhz;Lk; mGfpd;wJ. thapy; itj;J

foj;Jf;bfhz;Lk; mGfpwJ. mk;kh te;J grpf;Fjhg;gh vd;W Bfl;Lf;bfhz;L te;J

FHe;ijf;F ghy; bfhLf;fpd;whs;. mgh CA; CA; vd;W brhy;ypf;fpl;Bl mGfpwJ.

f;a;, f;ah vd;Wk; fj;JfpwJ. TA; TA; vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ. C C vdt[k; thia

Ftpepiyapy; itj;Jf;bfhz;L brhy;fpwJ. mHt[k; bra;fpwJ.

FHe;ij bjhl;oyhy; mikjpahf J]A;fpf;fpl;L nUf;Fk;. FHe;ij nUe;jkhjpup

nUe;J jpObud Jk;ky; Jk;KfpwJ. Ghjp fz;fisj; jpwe;jgoBa J]A;FfpwJ. ifia

nuz;ila[k; koapd; Bky; fz;zpd; BkYk; thapYk; itj;Jf;bfhz;Ljhd; J]A;FfpwJ.

FHe;ij J]A;fp vGk; BghJ ca;a; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;fpl;Bl clk;igg; Bghl;L

Kwpj;jg;goBa ve;jpupf;Fkhk;.

Rpy BeuA;fspy; CthA; CthA; vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfwpJ. FHe;ijia ahuhtJ

jpObud; Tg;gpl;lhy;mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ. mk;kh vd;dlh jk;gp mGt[w vd;W rj;jk;

Bghl;Lf;fpl;Bl Xo te;J FHe;ijia J]f;Ffpd;whu;.

147-tJ ehs; (29.11.2006)

FHe;ijia bjhl;oypy; Bghl;L mk;kh jhyhl;Lg; ghLfpwhs;. ne;j rPf;fpuBk

J]A;ftpy;iy. 10 epkplk; bjhl;oiy Ml;o Ml;o jhyhl;Lg; ghodhs; mjd; gpwFjhd;

J]A;f Muk;gpj;jjhk;. FHe;ij J]A;fpf;bfhz;L nUf;Fk; bghGBj mGJ bfhz;Bl

J]A;FfpwJ. J]f;fj;jpy; beul;o beul;o rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;bfhz;Bl J]A;FfpwJ. clBd

mk;kh me;j bjhl;oiy kPz;Lk; Ml;otpLfpwhu;. J]A;fp vGe;jpUf;Fk; tiu beul;o

bfhz;Bljhd; J]AFfpd;wjhk;. mk;kh g[upe;J bfhz;lhy; FHe;ijf;F clk;g[ typf;FJ

BghypUf;F mjdhy;jhd; vd;W. FHe;ijf;F gad;gLj;Jfpd;w Jzpfis ed;whf

nWf;fkhf gpHpe;J fha itj;jhy; clk;g[ typ te;J tpl;ldthk;.

FHe;ij kW ehs; mHhky;ed;whf J]A;fpdjhk;. Vd;bdd;why; FHe;ijapd;

Jzpfis gpHpahky; fhaitj;J FHe;ijf;F gad;gLj;jpajhy; FHe;ij Byrh Byrh

Ie;J khjA;fs; tiu rpupf;Fkhk;. Ie;J khjk; Md gpwF jhd; ed;whf rpupf;fpwjhk;.

148-tJ ehs; (30.11.2006)

FHe;ij xU rpy rkaA;fspy; mg;goBa mirahky; gLj;jpUf;Fk; mk;kh te;J

FHe;ijia J]f;fpdhy; clBd rpupf;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ. tpisahlt[k; bra;fpd;wJ.

FHe;ij jha; ghy; bfhLj;jhy; FHe;ij Fof;Fk; BghBj xU rt[z;l; vGg;gpf;bfhz;Bl

jhd; Fof;fpd;wjhk;. FHe;ij nA; CA; Cd;A; Cd;A; vdt[k; csWfpd;wJ. Ta; Ta;

vdt[k; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

xU rpy rkaA;fspy; jha; Bgr;Rf;bfhLj;jhy; clBd me;jf; FHe;ij t; tha;

A;fha; vd Fuy; bfhLf;fpwJ. ve;j BeuKk; ed;whf tpisahLfpwJ. Ca; ca; CA;

vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

Mf; Mt; fu; A;fu;t; vd;Wk; fu;t; CA; fu;t; vd rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;bfhz;L

tpisahLfpwJ. xU ifia kl;Lk; thapy; itj;J tpisahLfpwJ. nuz;L ifiaa[k;

Bru;j;J thapy; itj;J tpisahLfpd;wJ.

149-tJ ehs; (31.11.2006)

FHe;ij xU rpy rkaA;fspy; lhl; lhl; vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. if

fhy;fis ed;whf cijj;Jf;bfhz;L tpisahlt[k; bra;fpd;wJ.

FHe;ijia ifapy; J]f;fp itj;J f;u;f;u; vd;W brhy;ypf; bfhLj;Jf;bfhz;Bl

tpisahl;L fhl;Lfpwhu;. me;jf; FHe;ij mg;ghit cw;Wghu;f;fpwJ. mg;ght[k;

FHe;ijapd; if fhy;fis jltp jltp tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lfpwhu;.

FHe;ij ghl;oiag; ghu;j;J jpObud rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. CA; CA; A; A; vd;W

rj;jk; Bghl;L tpisahLfpwJ. mk;kht[k; FHe;ijaplk; te;J Bgr;Rf; bfhLf;fpwhu;.

ghl;oa[k; FHe;ija[k; Bru;e;J Bjhl;lj;Jg; g[wkhf brd;W tpiahLfpd;wdu;. gpwF rpwpJ

Beuk; fHpj;J mk;kh rj;jk; BghLfpwhs; mA;f btspapy; itj;Jf; bfhz;L epf;fhBjk;kh

nA;f tPl;Lf;F J]f;fpf; bfhz;L thk;kh vd;W tpul;Lfpwhs;.

150-tJ ehs; (31.11.2006)

jhapd; Kfj;ij ed;whf ghu;f;ff;Toa epiyapy; tsu;r;rpg; bgWfpd;wd. mg;gh

Fuy; Bfl;lhy; BghJk; clBd rj;jk; Bghl;L mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ. mk;kh FHe;ijia

J]f;fpdhy; mg;ghitBa qhgfk; itj;Jf;bfhz;L mGfpwjhk;. Mg;gh te;J

FHe;ijia kidtpaplk; nUe;J thA;fpaJk; mGtij epWj;jptpl;lJ. mk;kh

brhy;fpwhu; Vk;g;gh mg;ghitj; jhBd BjLJ me;j fz;Z vde;j fz; BjodJ

brhy;Y me;jf; fz;iz Behd;o vLj;JtpLBthk; vd;W FHe;ijia tpisahl;lhfj;

jpl;odhu;fs; ne;j Ie;jhtJ khjj;jpy;jhd; Byrh Byrh cl;fhu Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

mof;fo Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhz;L jhd; tpisahLfpwJ. FHe;ijf;F mof;fo gHFfpd;wtu;

Kfk; bjupa Muk;gpj;J gpwFjhd; rpupf;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

151-tJ ehs; ( 1.1.2.2006)

5,6 tJ khjj;jpy;jhd;; cl;fhu Muk;gpf;fpwJ. 5-tJ khjk; ByR Byrhj;jhd;

cl;fhUkhk;. 6-tJ khjj;jpy;jhd; ed;whf cl;fhUfpd;wJ. e;dwhf tpisahlt[k;

bra;fpd;wJ. CA; CA; f;u; f;u; cu;cu; ca; vd;bwy;yhk; BgRfpwJ. FHe;ijf;F

gp!;fl; buhl;o bfhLj;jhy; CA; CA; f;a; f;a; vd;W brhy;ypf;fpl;Bl ehf;if btspapy;

ePl;o (cdhj;Jjhy;) rhg;gpLfpwJ. mg;gh Kfk; brhe;jf;fhuu; Kfk; bjupa tUtJ ne;j

khjj;jpy;jhd;.

152-tJ ehs; (2.12.2006)

FHe;ijia xBu nlj;jpy; gLf;f itj;jhy; me;j nlj;jpy; gLj;jpUf;ftpy;iy.

fz;lgo beq;rhy; efu;e;J efu;e;J Rw;wp Rw;wp tUfpd;wJ. ca; ca; f;a; f;a; vd;Wk;

csWfpd;wJ. mgh vd;W brhy;y Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. mk;kh brhy;ypf; bfhLf;fpwhu;.

mk;kh brhy;Y mg;gh brhy;Y vd;W me;jf; FHe;ij fpsp khjpup thia jpwe;J ed;whf

mgh vd;W brhy;fpwjhk;. clBd vd;id brhy;y khl;oahg;gh vd;W Bfl;fpwhu;.

me;jf; FHe;ij CA; CA; vd;W f;a;k; fa;k; vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ. C C vd;Wk; brhy;y

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

FHe;ijia J]f;fp gLf;ifapy; Bghl;L tpisahl;Lg; bghUis ifapy; vLj;jhy;

clBd ifapy; bghk;ikia thA;fp thapy; itf;fpwJ. gpwF ghu;j;jhy; Fg;g[wg;gLj;Jf;

bfhz;Bl ifahy; jiuiaj; jl;o jl;o CA; CA;, T T vd;Wk; cswpf;fpl;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ.

153-tJ ehs; (3.12.2006)

FHe;ij jhdhfBt nA; CA; CA; vd;W csWfpd;wJ. mg;gh Kfk;

brhe;jf;fhuu; Kfk; bjupa Muk;gpg;gJ K}d;whtJ khjj;jpBy bjupa Muk;gpg;gJ

K}d;whtJ khjj;jpBy bjupfpd;wJ.

mg;ghit mgh vd;Wk; mk;khit mkh vd;Wk; Tg;gpLfpd;wjhf FHe;ijapd;

mk;kh mg;gh nUtUk; brhd;dhu;fs;. ehDk; ghu;j;Bjd; mkh vd;W cswpf;bfhz;Bl

f;a; f;a; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;lJ. FHe;ij buhk;gt[k; rj;jk; Bghl Muk;gpj;Jtpl;lJ.

ehk; ahuhtJ FHe;ijia Tg;gpl;lhy; jiyia Ml;o Ml;o rpupj;Jf;bfhz;Bl

tpisahofpl;Bl tukhl;Bld; vd;W brhd;dJ. Lhl; lhl; vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ.

(bra;ifa[ld; -ifahy; jiuia moj;J (or) jl;o) mk;khitg; ghu;j;Jr; rpupf;fpd;wJ.

f;a; f;a; f;a; f;u; f;u; T T vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

157-tJ ehs; (4.12.2006)

FHe;ij mof;fo Fa; Fa; vd;W g[jpa rj;jk; BghLfpd;wJ. vg;gobad;why;

ifapy; ve;jg; bghUs; nUe;jhYk; rup jiuapy; Bghl;L moj;Jf;bfhz;Bl Fa; Fa; vd;w

xypia cr;rupf;fpwJ. if fhy;fis ed;whf cijj;Jf;bfhz;L tpisahLfpd;wJ.

J]uj;jpy; cl;fhu;e;J ehk; Bgr;Rf;bfhLj;jhy; rpupf;fpd;wJ. FHe;ij gpwe;J K}d;W

khj’;fs; tiujhd; if fhy;fis cijj;Jf;bfhz;L mjpfkhf tpisahLfpwJ.

mjw;Fk; gpwF tsu;r;rpailaf;Toa khjA;fspy; mjpfkh if fhy;fis

cijj;Jf;bfhs;s tha;g;g[ ny;iy. Vbdd;why; FHe;ij tsu;rpaila tsu;r;rpaila

cijj;Jf;bfhs;Sjy; Fiwthf cs;sd. vg;gobad;why; xUf;fypf;f Muk;gpg;gJk;

Fg;g[wg;g[wy Muk;gpj;jJk; beq;rhy; efu Muk;gpj;jjhy; ne;j if fhy;fis

cijj;Jf;bfhs;s Kotjpy;iy. CA; CA; f;u; f;u; vd;W csWfpd;wJ. Tg;gpl;lhy;

efue;J tu Koahjjhy; nUf;Fk; nlj;jpy; nUe;Bj jiyia Ml;o Ml;of;fpl;Bl mBj

nlj;jpy; gLj;jpUf;Fk;. mk;kh ifia gpoj;J thapy; itj;Jf;bfhz;L foj;J

tpisahLfpd;wJ. tpisahl;Lg; bghUs;fis ifapy; vLj;jhYk; ed;whf

tpisahLfpwJ.

152-tJ ehs; (5.12.2006)

FHe;ij vg;gg; ghu;j;jhYk; ma; ca;d;D fj;jpf;fpl;Bljhd; nUf;fhd; vd;W

FHe;ijapd; ghl;oaplk; mk;kh brhy;fpwhy;. FHe;ij mof;fo f;a; f;a; CA; nA;

vd;W cswpf;fpl;Bl jhd; nUf;fpwJ.

156-tJ ehs; (6.12.2006)

Ie;J khjk; Koe;jgpwFjhd; f;fh vd;W rpupf;Fkhk;. mk;kh vd;Wk;

brhy;fpd;wjhk;. FHe;ijf;F btz;zPu; Cw;wp Fspahl;o bjhl;oypy; Bghl;lhy; BghJk;

ey;yh mau;e;J J]A;Ffpd;wJ.

157-tJ ehs; (7.12.2006)

FHe;ij ne;j MwhtJ khjj;jpy;jhd; ed;whf cl;fhu;;e;jpUf;Fkhk;. ed;whf

tpisahlt[k; bra;a[khk;. tPl;ow;F ahu; te;jhYk; rj;jk; BghLkhk;. CA; CA; f;ahg;

f;aht; vd;Wk; FHe;ijia J]f;fp epw;f itj;jhy; ne;j MwhtJ khjj;jpy;jhd; ed;whf

epw;fpd;wJ. mg;goBa epd;whYk; Mo Mof;fpl;B;l epd;fpd;wJ. FHe;ij ghy; Foj;jhy;

rg;gp rg;gp jhd; rhg;gpLkhk;.

FHe;ij rupahf fPBH gLf;fhj. Vd;bdd;why; JUJUbtd;W rj;jk;

Bghl;Lf;fpl;Lk; Mof;fpl;Lk; fj;jpf;fpl;Lk; mlk;gd;dpf;fpl;Lj;jhd; U totpy; jhd;

cl;fhu;e;jpUf;fpwJ. nuz;L Fjpfhy;fis xl;o itj;Jjhd; cl;fhu Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

FHe;ijapd; gf;fj;jpy; ahuhtJ te;J cl;fhu;e;jhByh my;yJ VjhtJ bghUl;fs;

itj;jpUe;jhNyh me;jg; bghUis ifahy; vLj;J lf; lf; vd;W fPBH jiyapy; Bghl;L

mof;fpd;wJ. thapy; itj;Jk; fof;fpd;wJ. gpwF fPBH fz; bjupahj nlj;jpy;p

tpGe;J tpl;lhy; Bjl Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

158-tJ ehs; (8.12.2006)

FHe;ijaplk; mjpfk; gHFfpd;wtu; Kfk; mjpfkhfBt bjupa tUfpd;wJ.

mtu;fis fz;lhy; BghJk; f;a; f;a; f;u; f;u; Ca; vd;bwy;yhk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

FHe;ij ehd;F gf;fKk; Rw;wp Rw;wp tUfpwJ. ahJ rjjk; Bghl;L Tg;gpl;lhYk;

mtu;fis Beuh ghu;f;fhky; rj;jk; Bfl;lt[ld; rpupf;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ. mk;khtpd;

Bjhy; Bky; FHe;ijiag; gLf;f itj;jpUe;jhy; mk;khtpd; Bjhy;gl;ilia fof;f

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. vg;gobad;why; Na; Na; vd;W nWf;fkh gy;iyf; fof;fpwkhjpup

nWf;fkh thia K}of;bfhz;L fof;fpd;wJ. mk;kh clBd ml mlh Vd;gh ng;go

fof;fpw typf;FJlh vd;W brhy;ypf;fpl;Bl FHe;ijia vl;l J]uj;jpy; BkBy J]f;fpf;

bfhz;L rpupg;g[ fhz;gpf;fpwhs;. me;jf; FHe;ija[k; nuz;L ifiaa[k; thapy; itj;Jf;

foj;Jf; bfhz;Bl rpupf;fpwJ. FHe;ijia rw;W fPBH Bghl;L tpisahl;Lf;

fhl;Lfpwhu;.

159-tJ ehs; (9.12.2006)

ne;j MwhtJ khjj;jpy; FHe;ij fPBH fplg;gBj ny;iy Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhz;L

fz;lg;go g[wyt[k; tpisahlt[k; bra;fpd;wJ. xU rpy rkaj;jpy; ehk; Bgr;Rf;

bfhLj;jhy; fz;Lf;bfhs;sBt khl;BlA;FJ. jhdh csWfpwJ. F;a; f;aht; ca; CA;

vd;W csWfpd;wJ. MwhtJ khjj;jpy;jhd; ehk; vd;d brhy;fpBwhk; vd;gij g[upa

bra;fpwJ. jiyia ng;go Ml;L vd;why; ehk; Ml;of; fhl;odhy; clBd Ml;o

tpisahLfpd;wJ.

160-tJ ehs; (10.12.2006)

FHe;ijaplk; brhy;fpwhs; f;a[ f;a[ f;a[d;D brhy;Yg;gh vd;W me;jf; FHe;ija[k;

f;a; f;a; f;ap; vd;W brhy;y Muk;gpf;fpwJ. mk;kh ifia thapy; itj;Jf;bfhz;L

tpisahLfpd;wJ. mg;ghtpd; Fuy; Bfl;lhy; BghJk; clBd f;a; f;aht; f;aA; CA;

vd;W cswpf;fpl;Bl mg;ghtplk; ifia ePl;o J]f;fr; brhy;fpwJ. FHe;ij MW khjk;

tiu jha;g;ghy; kl;Lk; jhd; Fof;fpd;wJ. mg;go gp!;fl; bfhLj;jhYk; clBd the;jp

vLj;JtpLfpd;wJ. FHe;ij ghy;Fof;Fk; bghGJ rg;gp rg;gp cf; cf;bfd;W jhd;

rt[z;l; tpl;Lf;fpl;Bl Fof;fpd;wJ. mjpf grp te;jhy; ghy; Fof;Fk; bghGJ

bghiwBawp bfhs;fpwJ. clBd mk;kh FHe;ijia ghy; Foj;Jf;bfhz;L

nUf;Fk;bghGJ FHe;ijapd; jiyia thapy; Cjp Cjp tpLfpd;whs;. gpwF FHe;ij

ehd;whf ghy; Fof;fpd;wJ.

161-tJ ehs; (11.12.2006)

FHe;ij gpwe;J Ie;J khjA;fs; tiu cl;fhu Kotjpy;iiy. MwhtJ

khjj;jpy;jhd; cl;fhUfpd;wJ. MW khjk; tiu jha;ghy; kl;Lk;jhd; Fof;fpd;wJ.

FHe;ij MwhtJ khjj;jpy; rupahf fPBH gLf;fhJ 5 khj’;fs; tiu jhd; vA;f

gLf;fitf;fpBwBkh mBj nlj;jpy; gLj;jpUf;Fk;. koapy; cl;fhu itj;jhYk; bfhq;r

Beuk;jhd; cl;fhu;e;jpUf;Fk;. FHe;ijapd; mg;gh rj;jk; Bghl;L Tg;gpl;lhy; clBd

mg;ghit jpUk;gpg; ghu;f;fpwJ.

bghk;ikia FHe;ijapd; ifapy; bfhLj;J fPBH cl;fhu itj;jhy; bghk;ikia

nuz;L ifahYk; gpoj;J thapy; itj;Jf; fof;fpd;wJ. CA; CA; vd;Wk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. ne;j MwhtJ khjj;jpy;jhd; mjpf tsu;r;rp epiyiag; bgWfpd;wJ.

162-tJ ehs; 12.12.2006)

FHe;ij ey;y tsu;r;rp epiyia mila Muk;gpf;fpwJ. FHe;ijapd; gf;fj;jpy;

ahuhtJ cl;fhu;e;jhByh my;yJ mtu;fs; VjhtJ bghUs;fs; itj;jpUe;jhByh

BghJk; clBd me;jg; bghUis vLf;f Kaw;rp bra;fpd;wJ. FHe;ij mof;fo nA;

brhy;fpwJ. gpwF CA; ca; ca; f;u; f;a; Ta; vd;bwy;yhk; brhy; Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

f;u;t;, f;u;t; Ta; Ta; f;a; vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ. vg;gg;ghu;j;jhYk; CA; Ca; ca; vd;Wk;

brhy;fpwJ.

163-tJ ehs; (13.12.2006)

FHe;ij mg;ghitg; ghu;j;J mgh vd;W brhy;y Muk;gpf;fpwJ. ca; ca; f;u;

f;ka; Ta; vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ. lhl;, lhl; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L tpisahLfpwJ.

bghk;ikia ifahy; vLj;J thapy; itj;J tpisahLk; BghJ CA; CA; T T vd;Wk;

rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;fpl;Bl tpisahLfpwJ.

164-tJ ehs; (14.12.2006)

FHe;ij MwhtJ khjj;jpy;jhd; ed;whfBt cl;fhut[k; Muk;gpf;fpwJ. fPBH

gLj;Jf;bfhz;Bl beq;rhy; efu;e;J efu;e;J tpisahl Muk;gpf;fpwJ. FHe;ij

ghy;Fof;Fk;BghJ xU rt[z;l; tpl;Lf;fpl;Bl Fof;fpd;wJ. cu; cf; bfhd;W rj;jk;

Bghl;Lf;bfhz;Lk; f;a; f;a; CA; CA; vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

165-tJ ehs; (15.12.2006)

FHe;ij vg;gg; ghu;j;jhYk; CA; CA; T T vd;Wk; f;a; f;a; f;u; f;a{ f;a{ vd;Wk;

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. lhl; lhl; lhl; vd;W jiuia ifahy; moj;J tpisahLfpl;Bl

k;CA; k;CA; vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. mk;kh rj;jk; BghLfpwhs; vd;dg;gh rj;jk;

vd;W. mjw;F FHe;ij brhy;fpwJ. k;CA; k;CA; k;CA; vd;W brhy;y Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

166-tJ ehs; (16.12.2006)

FHe;ij gpwe;J MwhtJ khjj;jpy;jhd; ed;whf cl;fhut[k; Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

mLj;jtu; rj;jk; Bghl;lhByh my;yJ mg;gh mk;kh rj;jk; Bghl;lhByh clBd

jpUk;gpg; ghu;f;fpwJ.

FHe;ijia J]f;fp fPBH epw;f itj;jhy; Mo Mof;fpl;Bl epw;fpwJ. FHe;ijia

J]f;fp epw;f itj;jhy; fPBH Fdpe;J ehf;if btspapy; ePl;oa[k; CA; f;CA; k;CA; vd;W

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. f;u; f;u; ca; ca; vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. f;aht; f;aht; vd;Wk;

cu; cu; vd;Wk; mjpfkhf rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.\

FHe;ijia mg;gh J]f;fpdhy; BghJk; clBd k;CA; k;CA; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L

rpupf;fpwJ. FHe;ijapd; thapy; K}d;W ehd;F khjA;fs; tiu Eiu Eiuahf thapy;

ckpH;ePu;btsptUfpwJ. gpwF 5, 6 khjA;fis flf;Fk; Bghbjy;yhk; ckpH;ePu; btsp

tUtjpy;iy.

FHe;ijia mk;kh J]f;Fk; Bghbjy;yhk; fpsp khjpup thiaj;jpwe;J rpupf;fpwJ.

mk;kh FHe;ijf;F Kj;jk; bfhLj;J bfhq;RRpd;whs;. rpwpJ Beuk; fHpj;J mg;gh te;J

tpLfpwhu;. FHe;ijaplk; te;J ifia ePl;o mg;gh jk;gp tukhl;oah thlh jA;fk; thlh

bry;yk; vd;W brhy;ypf;fpl;Bl J]f;Ffpwhu;. me;jf;FHe;ija[k; rpupj;Jf;fpl;Bl mg;ghtplk;

bry;fpwJ. CA; CA; mg;gh Bfl;gjw;bfy;yhk; f;u; f;u; Fa; Fa; vd;bwy;yhk; brhy;fpwJ.

mof;fo cswpf;fpl;Bljhd; nUf;fpd;wJ. lhl; lhl; vd;Wk; f;ah f;a; vd;Wk; ca; ca;

vd;Wk; rj;jk; Bghl;Lf; bfhz;bl tpisahLfpd;wJ.

166-tJ ehs; (17.12.2006)

FHe;ij ed;whft[k; mHfhft[k; rj;jk; Bghl;L Bgrt[k; fw;Wf;bfhz;Ls;sJ.

grpapdhy; grp Bghd gpwFk; mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ. xU rpy rkaA;fspy; mkh vd;Wk;

rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. if fhy;fis nuz;ila[k; fPBH Cd;wp jhd; cl;fhut[k;

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. ehk; Bgr;Rf;bfhLj;jhy; rpupf;ft[k; Muk;gpf;fpwJ. nuz;L

fhy;fisa[k; U totpy; itj;J cl;fhUfpd;wJ. ca; ca; f;u; f;u; vd;W BgRfpwJ.

ne;j MwhtJ khjj;jpy;jhd; mjpf tsu;r;rp epiyia bgWfpd;wJ. FHe;ijapd; mywy;

rj;jk; buhk;gt[k; ed;whf nUf;fpwJ vd;W gf;fj;JtPl;Lf;fhu;f;s brhy;fpwhu; FHe;ijapd;

tsu;r;rpfs; mjpfkhf nUf;fpd;wJ. FHe;ij Fg;g[wg;gLj;Jf;bfhz;Bl efu;e;J tut[k;

Kaw;rp bra;fpd;wd. FHe;ij efu;e;J tuhky; xU rpy rkaA;fspy; mA;BfBa

nUf;fpd;wd.

167-tJ ehs; (18.12.2006)

Fhe;ij xU g[wkhfj;jhd; xUf;fypj;Jf; Fg;g[wg;gLf;fpwJ. FHe;ij mof;fo

Mf;MA; Mf;MA; fi’ vd’W csWfpd;wJ. mg;gh FHe;ijapd; gf;fj;jpy;

cl;fhu;e;J Bgr;Rf; bfhLf;fpwhu;. FHe;ij lhl; lhl; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L fj;JfpwJ.

mg;ghit fhyhy; ed;whf cijj;Jf; bfhz;L khw;wp khw;wp cijj;J ifia ePl;oa[k;

tpisahLfpwJ.

jhapd; mk;kh mjhtJ FHe;ijf;F ghl;o te;J rj;jk; Bghl;lhy; clBd me;j

FHe;ij ghl;oiaf; ftdpf;fpwJ. clBd FHe;ijapd; Kfj;ij kiwj;J me;j gf;fk;

jpUk;ghBjg;gh.jpUk;gpg;ghu;f;fhjlh jk;gp mA;Bf vd;W brhy;ypf; bfhz;Bl FHe;ijapd;

ftdj;ij mtu; gf;fk; jpUk;gp tpl;lhu;. me;j ghl;oa[k; ghu;f;f Btzhk; nU vd;W

brhy;yp tpl;L brd;Wtpl;lhu;.

FHe;ijiag; ghu;j;J nd;bdhU FHe;ij ifia ePl;o CA; CA; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.ne;j FHe;ijiaa[k; me;j FHe;ijia Mr;rupakhfg; ghu;f;fpwJ. Vk;gh

vd;dg;gh vd;W brhy;ypf;fpl;Bl FHe;ijia J]f;Ffpd;whu;. FHe;ij CA; CA; vd;Wk;

Mf; MA; vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ.

FHe;ij mof;fo cswpfpl;Bljhd; nUf;fpd;wJ. ca; ca; f;a; f;a; vd;bwy;yhk;

csWfpd;wJ. FHe;ijia ghl;o koapy; J]f;fp itj;Jf;bfhz;L tpisahLfpwhs;.

168-tJ ehs; (19.12.2006)

lhl;lhl; lhl; lhl; vd;Wk; ifahy; fPBH jiuiag; Bghl;L

moj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;;wJ. ghl;o FHe;ijf;F brhy;ypj;juhA;f f;u; f;u; vd;W brhy;fpwJ.

CA; CA; Ca; Ca; vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ. nA; vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ. N N vd;Wk; brhy;y

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. clBd mg;gh FHe;ijia J]f;fp Kj;jk; bfhLf;fpwhu;. FHe;ij

jpObud mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ. kWgoa[k; mg;gh FHe;ijiaj; J]f;fp Kj;jk; bfhLj;J

tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lfpwhu;. A; A; vd;bwy;yhk; Tl brhy;fpwJ. mg;ghtpd; K}f;if

FHe;ij fof;fpd;wJ.

mk;kh FHe;ijaplk; brhy;fpwhu; jk;gp ghl;oiw mog;ghd;D clBd ghl;o

vd;dg;gh mk;kh mof;fr;brhy;fpwhsh vd;W brhy;ypf;fpl;Bl tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lfpwhu;

me;jf; FHe;ij Cd;A; Cd;A; vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. ca; ca; vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ.

rpwpJ Beuk; fHpj;J FHe;ijapd; gf;fj;jpy;te;J gLj;Jf;bfhz;L jk;gp grpf;Fjhg;gh

vd;W Bfl;Lf;fpl;Bl ghy; bfhLf;fpwhs;.

ghl;o te;J FHe;ijaplk; BgRwhA;f Fr;rpia vLj;jhlh nA;f vLj;jhlh me;jf;

Fr;rpahy jk;gpia mog;Bghk; vd;W brhy;ypf; bfhz;Bl tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Lfpwhu;.

clBd mk;kh FHe;ijf;F brhy;ypj;ju;whA;f jk;gp eP mog;ghd;D me;jf; FHe;ij CA;

CA; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;Lk; tpisahLfpwJ. mk;kh Bfl;fpwhA;f Vk;gh ghl;o

jpl;LfpwhA;fsh. ehk; mg;gh te;jJk; mg;ghtplk; brhy;yp ghl;oia mothA;fp

itg;Bghkh eP mHhBjg;gh vd;W mk;kh MWjy; brhy;tij ftdpf;fpd;wJ.

169-tJ ehs; (20.12.2006)

FHe;ij jhdhfBt Cd;A; Cd;A; vd;W csWfpd;wd. mg;ght[f;lF buhk;gt[k;

re;Bjhrk;. Ca; ca; f;u; f;u; vd;bwy;yhk; csWfpd;wJ. ghl;o FHe;ijaplk; Bgr;Rf;

bfhLj;jhy; mjw;F jFe;jhw;Bghy; jiyia Ml;o rpupf;fpwJ. MWkhjk; Md gpwFk;

cswpd rj;jj;ij kWgoa[k; csWfpd;wJ. jha; FHe;ijaplk; Bgr;Rf; bfhLj;jhy;

me;j FHe;ij rl;ilia ifapy; itj;Jf;bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ. vg;gg;ghu;j;jhYk;

ca; ca; f;u; f;a; vd;bwy;yhk; rj;jk; Bghl;L csWfpwJ.

FHe;ij T T vd;W tpisahLk; BghJ rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. Mf; MA; Mf;

Mt; vd;bwy;yhk; csWfpd;wJ.

170-tJ ehs; (21.12.2006)

FHe;ijaplk; jha; Bgr;R bfhLj;jhy; FHe;ij t;tha; A;fha; vd Fuy;

bfhLf;fpwJ. vd;BdhLk; ed;whf tpisahLfpd;wJ. FHe;ijf;F brhl;LkUe;J njw;F

Ke;ija khjj;jpy; BghLk; BghJk; mGjJ. ne;j khjk; BghLk; BghJk; ne;jf;

FHe;ij mHtpy;iy fhuzk; me;j FHe;ijapd; tsur;rp epiy.

171-tJ ehs; (22.12.2006)

FHe;ij ca; ca; vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. FHe;ij K}d;W khjk; tiu if

fhy;fis ed;whf cijj;Jf;bfhz;L tpisahLfpwJ. khjA;fs; Mf Mf ehl;fs;

Mf Mf ed;whfBt tsu;r;rp bjupfpd;wJ. nA; ca; ca; vd;Wk; brhy;y

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. vg;gg; ghu;j;jhYk; cswpf;bfhz;Bl FHe;ij tpisahLfpwJ.

172-tJ ehs; (23.12.2006)

FHe;ij mof;fo Fg;g[wg;gLj;Jf;bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ. mg;gh

Bgr;Rf;bfhLj;jhy; me;j FHe;ija[k; lhll; l;lhl; vd;W ifia jl;o jl;o brhy;fpwJ.

kPz;Lk; l;lhl; vdt[k; brhy;fpwJ. CA; CA; vd;Wk; f;a; f;a; vd;Wk; csWfpd;wJ. rpy

rkaA;fspy; f;u;t; f;u;t; vdt[k; csWfpd;wJ. mg;gh FHe;ijiia ifapy; J]f;fp

itj;J f;u;f;a; f;u;f;a; vd;W brhy;ypf; bfhLf;fpwhu;. me;j FHe;ija[k; f;u;f;a; f;u;f;a;

vd;W mHfhf brhy;fpwJ. me;j “FHe;ij mg;ghitBa cw;W ftdpf;fpwJ.

FHe;ij ghl;oia ghu;j;J jpObud rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. CA; CA; A;A; vd;W

mg;ghitg; ghu;j;J FHe;ij mgh vd;W Tg;gpLfpwJ. mg;ght[f;F re;Bjhrk;

rpupf;fpwhu;. FHe;ij MwhtJ khjj;jpy;jhy; ey;y tsur;rp epiyia mila

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

173-tJ ehs; (24.12.2006)

FHe;ij tpisahofpl;L nUf;Fk;BNghJ xU rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. g;u; g;u; g;u;

vd;W g[jpjhf xU rj;jj;ij cz;lhf;FfpwJ. J]A;fpf;bfhz;L nUf;Fk;BghJ

rpupj;Jf;fpl;Bl J]A;FfpwJ. FHe;ijia J]f;fp epw;fitj;J tpisahl;lf; fhl;Lfpwhu;

me;j FHe;ij Beuh epw;f Koahky; jiyia fPBH Fdpe;jgo itj;Jf;bfhz;L ehf;if

btspapy; ePl;o xU fhiy Beuhf epw;f itj;Jk; nd;bdhU fhyhy; ml;ofpl;L

epw;fpd;wJ. Mdhy; ne;j MwhtJ khjj;jpy; gLf;f itj;jhy; gLj;jpUf;fhJ. fPBH

Bghl;lt[ld; Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;fpwJ. VjhtJ bfhUs; ifapy; fpilj;jhy; vLj;J jiyapy;

moj;J moj;J tpisahLfpwJ. FHe;ijf;F ehs;fs; mjpfkhf mjpfkhf tsu;r;rp

epiyfSk; mjpfkhf tsu;r;rpg; bgWfpd;wJ.

174-tJ ehs; (25.12.2006)

Fg;g[wg;gLj;Jf;bfhz;Bl tpisahlt[k; bra;fpd;wJ. mBjhl CA; CA; f;a;

f;u;t; vd;Wk; csWfpd;wJ.

xU rpy rkaA;fspy; FHe;ij TA; TA; vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. mk;kh

Bgr;Rf;bfhLf;Fk; BghJ k;A; k;A; vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. mg;gh te;J FHe;ijapd;

gf;fj;jpy;cl;fhu;e;Jtpl;L Bghdhy; clBd mg;ghit jpUk;gpg; ghu;f;fpwJ. buhk;g

Beukhf ghu;f;fpwJ. fGj;J typf;f mjhtJ 2 epkplk; tiu Tl

ghu;j;Jf;bfhz;BlapUf;fpwJ.

clBd fztiu ghu;j;J kidtp brhy;fpwhs; VA;f te;J cl;fhUA;f vd;g[s;s

fGj;J typf;fg; ghu;f;fpwJ. vd;W brhy;fpwhs;. me;jf; FHe;ij g;u;g;u; vd;W rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. clBd mg;gh te;J fpl;l cl;fhu;e;J Vk;gh ng;go ghu;f;fpBw vd;W

Bfl;Fk; BghJ CA; CA; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L mg;ghtplk; tUfpwJ. FHe;ij

vg;gg;ghu;j;jhYk; MA; Mt; vd;W rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. FHe;ijia J]f;fp fPBH

cl;fhu itf;fpwhu; rupahf Koatpy;iy fPBH tpGtJ jLkhWfpd;wJ.

175-tJ ehs; (26.12.2006)

FHe;ij jhBd cswp bfhz;L jLkhw;wk; bra;fpd;wJ my;yJ jLkhw;wk;

milfpd;wJ. vg;gg;ghu;j;jhYk; Mu;t; MA; nA; vd;W csWfpd;wd. FHe;ijapd;

rj;jk; mg;gh mk;kh BghLtijg; ghu;j;J rj;jk; BghLtij epWj;jptpLfpwJ. Gpd;g[

FHe;ijiaig; ghu;j;J tpisahLfpwhu; nA; CA; CA; vd;Wk; Ca;a; vd;Wk; rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ. FHe;ij vg;gg;ghu;j;jhYk; mg;gh mgh vd;Wk; Tg;gpLfpwJ. mk;kh

mg;ght[f;F buhk;gt[k; re;Bjhrkhf cs;sJ.

176-tJ ehs; (27.12.2006)

FHe;ij efu;e;J efu;e;J te;J tpisahLfpd;wJ. ahuhtJ Bgr;Rf;bfhLj;jhy;

clBd jpUk;gpg;ghu;f;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ. rpy rkaA;fspy; ,e;j FHe;ij J]A;fhky;

rpupj;Jf;bfhz;Bl rj;jk; Bghl Muk;gpf;fpwJ. rpupf;Fk; bghGJ; CA; CA; vd;W rj;jk;

BghLfpwJ.

177-tJ ehs; (28.12.2006)

lhlhl; lhlhl; vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. thia ed;whfj; jpwe;J Ma;A; Ma;A;

vd;W rpupf;fpwJ. f;u;f;u; vd;bwy;yhk; rj;jk; Bghl;L fj;j Muk;gpf;fpwJ. FHe;ijia

mg;gh J][f;fp Bgha; Kj;jk; bfhLj;J bfhq;Rfpwhu;. jpObud FHe;ijf;F

bghiwBawpdhy; clBd mg;gh FHe;ijapd; beq;ir jltp jltp bfhLf;fpwhu;. ne;j

MwhtJ khjj;jpy; jhd; FHe;ij ey;y tsu;r;rpia milfpd;wJ. FHe;ijia mg;gh

J]f;fp epw;fitj;jhy; Mo Mof;fpl;Bl epw;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ. MwhtJ khjj;jpy; vg;g

Btz;Lbkd;whYk; fj;j Muk;gpf;fpwJ. ghy;Fof;Fk; BghJ cf; cf; bfd;W rt[z;l;

tpl;Lf;fpl;Bl ghy; Fof;fpd;wJ.

FHe;ijapd; ghl;o FHe;ijia J]f;fp Bgha; Fspahl;o te;J bghl;L itj;J

bgslu; Bghl;l J]A;f itf;fpwhs;. FHe;ij J]A;Fk;BghBj CA; CA; vd;W rj;jk;

Bghl;Lf;fpl;L J]A;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

178-tJ ehs; (29.12.2006)

nA; nA; f;u; f;u; f;a{f;a{ vd;Wk; lhl;lhl; vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. Cd;A;

Cd;A; vd;Wk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. mg;gh mk;kh brhy;tjw;bfy;yhk; jFe;j khjpup

jiyia Ml;Lfpd;wd. rpupf;fpd;wd. FHe;ijia fPBH cl;fhu itj;jhy; ifia

fPBH Cd;wpdgo jiyia Ml;o Ml;o fPBH tpGfpd;wd.

179-tJ ehs; (30.12.2006)

FHe;ij ed;whf tsu;r;rp epiyapy; cw;rhfkhf nUf;fpd;wJ. ghl;o te;J

jpl;odhy; CA; CA; vd;W brhy;ypf;bfhz;Bl rpupf;fpwJ. ifia fPBH jl;o jl;o

rpupj;Jf;bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ. nA;A; k;CA; vd;Wk; brhy;fpwJ. buhk;gt[k; mjpfk;

csWfpd;wd. f;a;f;a; f;u;f;u; vd;Wk; ca; ca; T T vdt[k; thia Ftp epiyapy;

itj;Jf;bfhz;L csWfpd;wd. ehl;fs; Mf Mf ey;y tsu;r;rpepiyia mile;J

tUfpd;wd.

180-tJ ehs; (31.12.2006)

ne;j MwhtJ khjj;jpy; ey;y tsu;r;rp epiyia flf;f Muk;gpf;fpd;wd.

mg;gh mk;kh nUtUk; vd;d brhy;fpwhu; vd;gij g[upa[k; mstpw;F

tsu;r;rpailfpd;wd. ve;jBeuk; ghu;j;jhYk; cswpfpl;Bl jhd; nUf;fpd;wd. ca;a;

Ta;, Cd;A; vd;Wk; cswpfpl;Bl nUf;fpw epiyapy; mg;gh mk;kh Kfk; my;yJ

BtWahuhtJ te;J Bgr;Rf;bfhLj;jhy; clBd mtu;fs; Bfs;tpf;F gjpy; brhy;fpwstpw;F

tptuk; bgw;Wtpl;ld. MdhYk; ne;j MwhtJ khjj;jpy;jhd; fPBH gLf;f itj;jhy;

gLj;jpUf;fkhl;BlA;FJ rpy rkaA;fspy; ehk; vJ brhd;dhyk; jiyia Ml;LfpwJ.

mk;kh FHe;ijia J]f;fpf;bfhz;L Kj;jk; bfhLj;J rpupf;fpwhu;. me;j

FHe;ija[k; rpupf;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

181-tJ ehs; (1.1.2007)

ne;j khjj;jpy; jhd; ey;y cw;rhfj;JlDk; ehk; brhy;tij

g[upe;Jf;bfhs;sf;Toa mstpw;Fk; tptuk; g[upe;J bfhs;fpd;wJ.

182-tJ ehs; (2.1.2007)

FHe;ijfs; mg;gh mk;kh J]uj;jpy; tUk; BghBj milahsk;

fz;Lf;bfhs;;fpd;wJ. fpl;l tu tu nuz;L iffisa[k; jl;o jl;o rpupj;Jf;bfhs;fpwJ.

183-tJ ehs; (3.1.2007)

FHe;ij grp tUk; BghJ fj;j Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

184-tJ ehs; (4.1.2007)

FHe;ij ed;whfBt rhg;gplt[k; bra;fpwJ. jl;oy; rhg;ghl;il Bghl;Litj;jhy;

ifahy; jl;o jl;o tpisahLfpwJ. buhk;gt[k; ftdkhf rhjj;ij cw;W Behf;FfpwJ.

185-tJ ehs; (5.1.2007)

Btfkhf rj;jk; Bghl;L mHt[k; bra;fpwJ.

186-tJ ehs; (6.1.2007)

mg;ghitg; ghu;j;jt[ld; Btfkhf rpupf;f Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. clBd mk;kht[k;

FHe;ijiag; ghu;j;J rpupf;fpd;whs;.

187-tJ ehs; (7.1.2007)

FHe;ij MW khjj;ij milifapy; kpft[k; ey;y tsu;r;rp epiyfis

milfpd;wJ. mLj;jtu; ek;Kd; cs;stu; vd;gJ milahsk; fz;Lbfhs;st[k;

bra;fpd;wJ.

188-tJ ehs; (8.1.2007)

mg;gh mk;kh nUtupy; mg;ghit jhd; buhk;gt[k; me;jf; FHe;ijf;F

gpof;fpwJ. buhk;gt[k; ghrkhf nUf;fpwJ. mjpf Beuk; mg;ghtplk; nUf;fpwJ.

189-tJ ehs; (9.1.2007)

FHe;ij xt;bthU khjA;fis milifapy; buhk;g tsu;r;rp epiyfis mil a

KaYfpd;wJ. ed;whf tpisahLfpwJ.

190-tJ ehs; (10.1.2007)

FHe;ijia fPBH cl;fhu itj;Jtpl;L mk;kh ghj;jpuA;;fis tpsf;Fk;Bghj

ne;j FHe;ij efu;e;J Bgha; ml;ilia gpoj;J thapy; itj;J foj;J ifapy; itj;J

eRf;fp gpr;rp gpr;rp tpisahLfpwJ. clBd mg;gh te;J FHe;ija[ld; ifia fGtp

thapy; cs;s ml;ilia fGtp Jilj;J tpl;L BtW nlj;jpy; cl;fhu itf;fpwhu;fs;.

191-tJ ehs; (11.1.2007)

FHe;ij CA; CA;; vd;Wk; jhdhfBt rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;fpl;Bl tpisahLfpwJ.

mg;gh vd;Wk; mkh vd;Wk; jhdhfBt cswpf;fpl;Bl tpisahLfpwJ.

192-tJ ehs; (12.1.2007)

193-tJ ehs; (13.1.2007)

Mg;gh FHe;ijia jk;gp nA;f thg;gh ne;jho bghk;ik vd;W brhy;yp

Tg;gpl;lJk; clBd efu;e;J efu;e;J mg;gh fpl;l te;J tpLfpwJ.

194-tJ ehs; (14.1.2007)

Mk;kh brhy;fpwhs; FHe;ijaplk; jk;gp nA;f ghUg;gh fha; fhuu; thuhu;

mtiuf; Tg;gpLg;gh vd;W ifia ePl;o C C f;u; f;u; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L fj;j

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

195-tJ ehs; (15.1.2007)

FHe;ijapd; ghl;o te;J jk;gp vd;dg;gh gz;w vd;W ghl;o rj;jk; Bghl;lt[ld;

me;jf; FHe;ij clBd bghk;ikia ifapy; vLj;J thapy;itj;J clBd bghk;ikia

ifapy; vLj;J thapy; itj;J foj;Jf;bfz;Bl rpupf;fpwJ.

nf; nf; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L rpupf;fpwJ. jpObud bghk;ikia fPBH

Bghl;Ltpl;L mg;gh te;jt[ld; mg; mg; f;a; f;a; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;Lf;bfhz;Bl

mg;ghtplk; bry;fpwJ.

196-tJ ehs; (16.1.2007)

FHe;ijia fPBH gLf;f itj;jhy; mk;khitg; ghu;j;J mkh vd;W rpupf;fpwJ.

mk;kh FHe;ijia J]f;fp koapy; itj;J brhy;yp bfhLf;fpwhs; jhj;jh vd;W

brhy;yg;gh vd;W me;j FHe;ij j;jh vd;W brhy;fpwJ. Mahit Mah vd;W

brhy;Ylh vd;why; Ma;a; vd;W mGj;jkh brhy;fpwJ. jhdhfBt csWfpwJ.

ghg;gh vd;Wk; BtW FHe;ijfisg; ghu;j;jhy; j;jh cFk; cFk; vd;Wk; ifia

nuz;ila[k Bru;j;J jl;of;bfhz;Bl Tg;gpLfpwJ. mg;gh te;J FHe;ijia J]f;fp

ghg;gh BtZkhg;gh CA; vd;W brhy;yp Bfl;Lf;fpl;Bl FHe;ijia tpisahl;Lf;

fhl;Lfpwhs;.

197-tJ ehs; (17.1.2007)

nd;W MwhtJ khjj;jpy; FHe;ij jhdhfBt xU g[wkhf

xUf;fypj;Jg;gLfpd;wJ. gpwF Fg;g[j;Jf;bfhs;fpwJ. gLj;Jf;bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ. ehl;fs; Mf Mf ey;y tsu;r;rpia milfpwJ. jhdhfBt mg;gh

mk;kh vd;W brhy;fpwJ.

198-tJ ehs; (18.1.2007)

FHe;ij jhdhfBt mk;kh koapy; Vwp cl;fhu;e;J mk;khtplk; tpisahLfpwJ.

mk;kh te;jt[ld; mg;ghitg; ghu;j;jJk; mk;khit jl;o jl;o mg;ghit ghu;f;fr;

brhy;YJ.

199-tJ ehs; (19.1.2007)

nA;F ahuhtJ Kfk; bjupe;jtu; te;jhy; fz;fis nuz;ila[k; RUf;fp

itj;Jf;bfhz;L rpupf;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

200 tJ ehs; (20.1.2007)

Kfk; bjupahjtu;f;s te;jhy; mk;kh koapy; cl;fhu;e;jpUf;Fk;BghBj bkhur;rp

ghu;f;fpwJ. mtu;fs; FHe;ijapd; fpl;l te;J ifia ePl;o thg;gh vd;W Tg;gpl;lhy;

gae;Jfpl;L tuhJ. Mk;khit nUf;fkh gpoj;Jf;fpl;L tu kWf;fpwJ.

201-tJ ehs; (21.1.2007)

ghl;o te;J ifia ePl;o Tg;gpl;lhy; kl;Lk; clBd jhtpr;bry;fpwJ.

FHe;ijia nLg;gpy; cl;fhu itj;Jf;fpl;L tpisahl;L fhl;of;fpl;Bl elf;fwhu;.

fhf;fhitg; ghUg;gh fhfh vd;W brhy;yp bfhLf;fpwhu; f;fh vd;W ifia jl;o

brhy;fpwJ. rpupf;fpwJ. grp te;jJk; ghl;oia jl;LfpwJ. mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

ghl;o mk;khtplk; FHe;ijf;F bfhLk;kh vd;W brhy;yp FHe;ijia bfhLlf;fpwhu;.

202-tJ ehs; (22.1.2007)

FHe;ij fPBH gLj;Jf;bfhz;L nuz;L fhy;fisa[k; nuz;L ifahy; gpoj;J

tpisahLfpwJ. T T a;a; a;a; vd;Wk; rj;jk; Bghl;L bfhz;Bl tpisahLfpwJ. rpwpJ

Beuk; fHpj;J nuz;L ifat[k; Bru;j;Jf;bfhz;L jl;o jl;o f;a; f;a; vd;W

tpisahlfpwJ. gpwF ghu;j;jhy; jpObud g[wz;L gLj;Jf;fpl;L tpisahLfpwJ.

beq;rhy; efu Muk;gpf;fpwJ. efu;e;J efu;e;J bghk;ikia vLf;fpwJ. bghk;ikia

vLj;J thapy; itj;Jf; fof;fpwJ.

203-tJ ehs; (23.1.2007)

FHe;ijia Fspahl;Lk; BghJ ne;j FHe;ij jhdhfBt jz;zpapy; ifia

ePl;LfpwJ FHe;ijia fhypy; epkpu;j;jp Bghl;L Brhg;g[ BghLk;BghJ ifia vLj;J

FHe;ijapd; beq;rpd; Bky; itj;J Bja;j;jhy; clBd ifia fPBH Bghl;LtpLk;.

204-tJ ehs; (24.1.2007)

FHe;ijf;F buhl;oia jz;zpapy; eidj;J gpire;J bfhq;r bfhq;rkh thapy; itj;jhy;

FHe;ij ed;whf ehf;if btspapy; ePl;o rg;g[bfhl;or; rhg;gpLfpwJ.

205-tJ ehs; (25.1.2007)

FHe;ij ehs; Mf Mf ey;y tsu;r;rp epiyia milfpwJ. mk;kh koapy;

J]A;Fk;BghJ Tl mk;khtpd; Briyia ifahy; nUf;fkh gpoj;Jf;bfhz;L JA;FfpwJ.

206-tJ ehs; (26.1.2007)

ne;j MwhtJ khjj;jpy; buhk;gt[k; mjpf tsu;r;rp epiyia milfpd;wJ.

FHe;ij mg;gh mk;kh vd;W ey;y mHfhf brhy;fpwJ.

207-tJ ehs; (27.1.2007)

FHe;ijapd; tsu;r;rp epiyfspd; mog;gilapy; epiw bra;jpfs; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

fpilf;fpd;wJ

208-tJ ehs; (28.1.2007)

FHe;ij Fg;g[wg;gLj;Jf;bfhz;Bl rpupf;fpwJ. jpObud rpupj;Jf;bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ. gpwF mHt[k; bra;fpd;wJ. mk;khitg; ghu;j;jJk; mk vd;Wk;

Tg;gpLfpwJ. if fhy;fis Ml;of;fpl;Bl Mde;jkh kfpH;r;rpa[ld; mk;khitg;

ghu;f;fpwJ.

209-tJ ehs; (29.1.2007)

FHe;ij ed;whf J]A;ft[k; bra;fpd;wJ. g[wz;L gLj;J tpisahLk;BghJ

mg;goBa efut[k; bra;fpd;wJ. mof;fo nA;f; vdt[k; CA; f;u; vd;Wk; jhdhfBt

csWfpd;wJ. ng;goapUf;f mg;ghitf; fz;lhy; clBd C C vd;W thia Ftp

epiyapy; itj;Jk; Tg;gpLfpwJ.

210-tJ ehs; (30.1.2007)

FHe;ij vijg;ghu;j;jhYk; ahiug; ghu;j;jhYk; rpupf;f Muk;gpf;fpwd;wJ. CA;

CA; f;u; f;u; vd;bwy;yhk; rj;jk; BghLfpwJ. gf;fj;jpy; bghk;ik fplg;gijg;

ghu;j;jJk; clBd jhtp efu;e;J te;J vLj;J thapy;itj;J fof;fpd;wJ. gpwF mHt[k;

bra;fpd;wJ. fPBH VjhtJ fple;jhy; mjid gpoj;J thapy; itj;J jpd;Wtpl;L

mGfpd;wJ.

211-tJ ehs; (31.1.2007)

FHe;ijapd; mg;gh te;J FHe;ijia J]f;fpf; bfhq;Rfpwhu;. Me;j FHe;ij

rpupf;fpwJ. mtUk; rpupf;fpwhu;.

212-tJ ehs; (1.2.2007)

ne;j VHhtJ khjj;jpy; jhd; FHe;ij efu Muk;gpf;fpwJ. vg;go vd;why; nuz;L

iffisa[k; fPBH ed;whf Cd;wpa[k; nuz;L fhy;fisa[k; kz;o Bghl;Lf;bfhz;Lk; jhd;

efu;e;J efu;e;J bry;fpd;wJ.

213-tJ ehs; (2.2.2007)

FHe;ij efUk; BghJ xU ifahy; mjhtJ nlJ ifahy; jiuia moj;J moj;J

bry;fpwJ. rkaj;jpy; nlJ ifahs; fPBH flf;fpd;w bghUs;fisbay;yhk; vJthf

nUe;jhYk; vLj;J thapy; itj;J jpA;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

214-tJ ehs; (3.2.2007)

mk;khit fz;lt[ld; CA; CA; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;Lf; bfhz;Bl efu

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. grp te;jhy; kl;Lk; mk;khitg; ghu;j;J xU ifia mjhtJ tyJ

ifia Cd;wp nlJ ifia thapy; itj;Jf;bfhz;Bl mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

215-tJ ehs; (4.2.2007)

FHe;ij mGk;BghJ A;ah, A;ah vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L mGfpwJ. mg;ghit

ghu;j;J CA; CA; vd;Wk; mgh vd;Wk; fj;JfpwJ.

216-tJ ehs; (5.2.2007)

FHe;ij ne;j VHhtJ khjj;jpy; buhk;g buhk;g mjpf tsu;r;rp epiyfis

milfpd;wJ.

217-tJ ehs; (6.2.2007)

FHe;ijia Fspahl;o gLf;ifapy; Bghl;L tpisahl;Lf; fhl;odhoy; clBd

rpupj;Jf; bfhz;Bl g[wz;L gLj;J efu bra;fpd;wJ.

218-tJ ehs; (7.2.2007)

ne;j khjj;jpy;jhd; FHe;ijia koapByh my;yJ fPHBth cl;fhu itj;jhy;

Fg;g[w ftpH Muk;gpf;fpwJ. gpwF FHe;ijia jha; koapBy cl;fhu itj;J ifahs;

gpoj;Jf;bfhz;Bl xUtuplk; Bgrpf; bfhz;Ls;shu;. Jhapd; g[litia gpoj;J thapy;

itj;J gt; gt; gt; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L tpisahLfpwJ.

219-tJ ehs; (8.2.2007)

jpObud FHe;ij mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

220-tJ ehs; (9.2.2007)

FHe;ij jhdhfBt g[yk;gpf;bfhs;fpwJ. gpwF mJBt rpupf;fpd;wJ. ehSf;F

ehs; buhk;g tsu;r;rp epiyfis milfpd;wJ.

221-tJ ehs; (10.2.2007)

mg;ghitg; ghu;j;J mgh vd;W rpupj;Jf;bfhz;Bl jhdhf nuz;L iffshYk;

jl;oj;jl;o rpupf;fpwJ.

222-tJ ehs; (11.2.2007)

mg;gh FHe;ijaplk; brd;W tpisahLfpwhu; clBd ghl;o FHe;ijia

Fspahl;Ltjw;fhf FHe;ijia J]f;fpBghf te;jhs;. FHe;ijf;F bjupe;Jtpl;lJ.

ghl;oiag; ghu;j;J rpupj;jJ. clBd ghl;oaplk; FHe;ij ifia ePl;oaJ.

FHe;ijiag; ghl;o Fspahl;odhy; gpwF bgslu; Bghl;L bghl;L itj;J jhaplk;

FHe;ijia bfhLj;J ghy; bfhLf;fr; brhy;fpwhs; mk;kht[k; FHe;ijf;F ghy;

bfhLf;fpd;whs;.

223-tJ ehs; (12.2.2007)

kWehs; FHe;ij jht[ Brfupf;fg; Bghd vd;idg; ghu;j;Jr; rpupf;f

Muk;gpj;jJ. vdf;Bf Mr;rupakhf nUf;fpwJ. ehDk; FHe;ijia Tg;gpl;Bld;

ifia ePl;oBdd; FHe;ij tu Koahky; rpupj;jJ.

224-tJ ehs; (13.2.2007)

FHe;ij Mt; MA;t; Mt; vd;Wk; jhdhfBt cswpf; bfhs;fpd;wJ. tPl;ow;F

ahu; te;jhYk; cw;W ghu;f;f Muk;gpj;jJ. Kfk; bjupe;jtu;fs; te;jhy; rpupf;f

Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ.

225-tJ ehs; (14.2.2007)

FHe;ijia ghl;o J]f;fp koapy; itj;J epw;f brhy;yp tpisahl;Lf;fhl;Lfpd;whs;.

mg;BghJ ne;j FHe;ij ghl;oapd; K}f;if fof;fpd;wJ. nU iffshYk; Kfj;ijg;

gpoj;J jltp FHe;ij thapy; foj;Jf; foj;J tpisahLfpd;wJ.

CA; CA; MA;u; vd;W rj;jk; Bghl;L tpisahof;fpl;Bl fof;fpd;wJ.

226-tJ ehs; (15.2.2007)

FHe;ij Fg;g[wg;gLj;Jf;bfhz;Bl beq;rhy; efu;e;J tpisahLfpd;wJ. mof;fo

csWfpd;wJ.

227-tJ ehs; (16.2.2007)

FHe;ij jpObud mH Muk;gpf;fpwJ. FHe;ij cl;fhu Muk;gpf;fpwJ. te;J

ne;j VHhtJ khjj;jpy;jhd; ed;whft[k; tsu;r;rp epiyfs; mjpkhfj;jhd; nUf;fpwJ.

228-tJ ehs; (17.2.2007)

Ma;a; Cd; Cd; vd;Wk; csw Muk;gpj;Js;sJ. mof;fo mgh mgh vd;W

mg;ghitg; ghu;j;J rj;jk; BghLfpd;wJ. VJhtJ xU bghUisf;fz;lhy; jhdhf

cswpfpl;Bl me;j bghUis bjhLtjw;F jht[fpd;wJ.

229-tJ ehs; (18.2.2007)

FHe;ij cl;fhu;e;Jf;bfhz;Bl ifia jl;of;fpl;Bl rpupj;Jf;bfhz;Bl

tpisahLfpwJ.

230-tJ ehs; (19.2.2007)

jpObud FHe;ij Fg;g[w tpGe;Jtpl;lJ. K}f;F mog;gl;Ltpl;lJ Btfkhf

mGfpd;wJ.

231-tJ ehs; (20.2.2007)

FHe;ij mk;khitf; fz;lt[ld; mkh vd;W Tg;gpLfpwJ.

FHe;ij vl;lhtJ khjj;jpy;jhd; Byhrhf mo vLj;Jelf;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

mjpfkhf cswt[k; Muk;gpf;fpwJ mof;fo FHe;ij xUf;fypf;ft[k; bra;fpd;wJ.

Fg;g[wg;gLj;Jf;bfhz;Lk; beq;rhy; efut[k; bra;fpd;wJ.

FHe;ijia cl;fhu itj;jhy; cl;fhut[k; KofpwJ. FHe;ijia jha; nuz;L

tpuy;fisg; gpof;fr;brhy;yp elf;f gHf;fp gpwF jhd; jhdhf elf;f tpLfpwhu;fs;.

elf;f Muk;gpf;Fk; BghJ jpObud tpGe;J tpLfpwJ. jha; FH;eijiaj; J]f;fp

kWgoa[k; elf;f itf;fpwhu;. kWgoa[k; jLkhwp jLkhwp fPBH tpGe;J tpLfpd;wJ.

1-tJ ehs; (1.3.2007)

FHe;ij ne;j khjj;jpy;jhd; buhk;g mjpf tsu;r;rp epiyia mila

Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

2-tJ ehs; (2.3.2007)

FHe;ij Bgrt[k; jhdhf tUfpwJ. Mu;t; Mu;t; vd;Wk; csWfpwJ. ahuhtJ

Bgr;R bfhLj;jhy; thiaj;jpwe;J ed;whf rpupf;fpwJ.

Fspahl;Ljy;

Kjypy; FHe;ijia ghl;oapd; fhypy; Bghl;L gpwFjhd; Fspahl;Lthu;fs;. FHe;ijia

Fspahl;Lk; bghGJ FHe;ijapd; nuz;L iffisa[k; gpoj;Jf;bfhz;Ljhd;

Fspahl;Lthu;fs;. FHe;ijapd; KJFg; g[wj;jpy; Kjypy; Brhg;g[ Bghl;L gpwF epkpu;j;jp

Bghl;L Fspahl;Lthu;fs;.

mg;bghGJ me;j FHe;ij thiaj; jpwe;J ed;whf jz;zpia rg;gpl;L

fhy;fisa[k; iffisa[k ;cijj;Jf;bfhz;L tpisahLfpdwJ. gpwF FHe;ijia

Fspahl;odg; gpwF FHe;ijapd; bew;wpia tHpj;jy;, K}f;if tHpj;jy; Bghd;wit Vd;

vd;why; ey;y tsu;r;rp miltjw;fhf fhJ kliya[k; vLj;J tpLthu;fs;.

3-tJ ehs; (3.3.2007) FHe;ij ehSf;F ehs; ey;y tsu;r;rp epiyia milfpwJ.

FHe;ij J]A;Fk; Beuk;

18 kzp Beuk; J]A;FfpwJ. mJt[k;xU taij mila[k; tiu J]A;fpf;

bfhz;Bljhd; nUf;fpwJ.(nUf;Fkhk;) fhiyapy; FHe;ijia Rkhu; 11 kzpastpy;

J]A;fg;Bghl;lhy; kjpa[k; 2 kzp tiu ed;whf J]A;Fkhk;.

4-tJ ehs; (4.3.2007)

FHe;ij bjhl;oypy; a{upd; Bghdt[ld; tpHpj;Jf;bfhs;fpwJ. gpw?F FHe;ijapd;

jiy bjhl;oypd; btspapy; bjhA;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ. clBd Kz;l Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

ne;j FHe;ij gfypy; ed;whf J]A;fptpl;L nutpy; mGJf;bfhz;Bl nUf;fpwJ.

MW khjk; tiu mGJ bfhz;Bl jhd; nUf;fpwJ.

rhg;ghL

FHe;ijf;F MW khjA;fSf;F gpwF cUisf;fpHA;F Btf itj;J Kl;ilapd;

bts;isf;fU kl;Lk; bfhLf;fyhk;. xU rpy Bgu; fq;rpiaf; Tl Cl;Lthu;fs; xU

rpy Bgu; ru;yhf; vd;w khit bte;ePupy; fye;Jf; bfhLg;ghu;fs;. gpwF gUg;g[ BrhW

bea;BrhW fye;Jk; Cl;Lthu;fs;.

kyk; fHpj;jy;

fhiy 5 kzpastpy; jpdKk; FHe;ij gpwe;j 30-tJ ehspypUe;Bj FHe;ijia

fhypy; cl;fhu itj;J kyk; fHpf;f itg;ghu;fs;.

Fspahl;Lk;bghGJ FHe;ij tPuh tPuh vd;W fj;JfpwJ. Xorp vd;w ijyj;ij

bte;ePupy; fye;J jhd; Fspg;ghl;lDkhk;. FHe;ijf;F gj;J khjk; tiuf;Fk; fhiyapy;

5 kzpf;F vz;bza; jiyapy; jltp Fspg;ghl;odg; gpwF jiyf;F rhk;gpuhzp BghLtJ

tHf;fk;. rspg;gpof;fhky; nUg;gjw;F rpy Bgu; gt[liu Tl FHe;ijapd; jiyf;F

cr;rpapy; bfhl;otpLthu;fs;. ne;j xorp vd;w ijyj;ij FHe;ijapd; jiycr;rp FHp

beq;rpf;FHp cs;sA;if cs;sA;fhy; Bghd;w nlA;fspy; ne;j ijyj;ij jltp

tplDkhk;. Vd; vd;why; FHe;ijf;F mg;gj;jhd; rspg;gpof;fhky; nUg;gjw;F.

FHe;ijf;F jpU&;o fHpj;jy;

FHe;ijapd; bew;wpapy; ikg;bghl;L itj;J fz;zk; jhtha;f;fl;il fhypd; Bky;

ifapd; Bky;ntw;iwbay;yhk; ikg;bghl;il itj;jg;gpwF mjd; Bky; gt[liug;

g{rptpLfpwhu;fs;.

fhJ Fj;Jjy;

FHe;ij gpwe;J xU taij mile;jt[ld; gpwe;j ehs; tpHh bfhz;lho fhJ

Fj;JjYk; bra;tJ tHf;fkhk;.

FHe;ij vl;lhtJ khjj;jpy; cl;fhu Muk;gpf;fpwJ. jhdhfBt cswpf;fpl;Bl

nUf;fpwJ. efu;e;Jf; bfhz;Bl jhd; nUf;Fkhk;. cl;fhu;e;J jiyia Mo Mo

fPBH tpGkhk;.

nBj vl;lhtJ khjj;jpy; Byrhf mo vLj;J itj;J elf;ft[k; Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

xU rpy Beu’;fspy; ehk; gpoj;Jf;bfhz;L elf;f itj;jhy; elf ;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

jhdhft[k; jLkhwp jLkhwp elf;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ. gpwF fPBH cl;fhu;e;J nuz;L

fhy;fisa[k; kz;oapl;L efu Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

FHe;ijapd; fz;Zf;F bjupfpw khjpup VjhtJ Cupf;fpl;L te;jhy; clBd

nlJ ifahy; gpoj;Bjh vLj;Bjh thapy; itj;J foj;J jpd;d Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

FHe;ijapd; ifg;gHf;fk;

nlJ ifahy; jhd; vija[k; vLf;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

FHe;ij xd;gjhtJ khjj;ijf; flf;ifapy; ed;whfBt elf;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

ed;whft[k; mg;ghitf; fz;lhy; Tg;gplt[k; bra;fpwJ. mgh vd;Wk; Tg;gpLfpwJ.

tPl;Lf;F ahu; te;jhYk; rpupj;Jf;fpl;Bl Tg;gplfpwJ. fPBH cl;fhu;e;Jf;fpl;Bl ifahy;

ml;iliag; gpoj;Jf;bfhz;l (nlJ if) ml;iliaj;J]f;fp fhl;o eRf;fpfpl;L

Tg;gpLfpwJ. rkaj;jpy thapy; itj;Jk; foj;J jpd;DfpwJ.

mk;khitg; ghu;j;J mkh vd;Wk; Tg;gpLfpwJ. jhj;jhitg; ghu;j;jhy;

j;jhj;jh vd;Wk; Tg;gpLfpwJ. ed;whf nuz;L ifat[k; Bru;j;jg;go itj;J jl;ofpl;Bl

rpupf;fpd;wJ. mg;ghitf; fz;lhYk; CA; CA; vd;W brhy;ypf;bfhz;Bl efu;e;J

BghfpwJ.

gj;jhtJ khjj;jpy; FHe;ij ed;whfBt cl;fhut[k; bra;fpd;wJ. xU jl;oy;

rhjj;ijg; Bghl;L FHe;ijapd; Kd;dho itj;jhy; BghJk; Kjypy; nlJ ifiaj;jhd;

gad;gLj;JfpwJ. nlJ ifahy; Brhw;iw jl;oBy moj;J moj;J thapy; vLj;J

itj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ. thia jA; nA; vd;W Brhj;ij bkd;W jpd;d Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

jhdh Bgrpf; bfhs;fpwJ. ahiuf;fz;lhYk; ifj;jl;o rpupj;Jf;bfhz;Bl CA; j;jh

j;jh vd;W Tg;gpLfpwJ.

gpwF FHe;ijia fPBH jdpahf cl;fhu itj;Jtpl;L tpisahl;lg; bghUl;fis

FHe;ij Kd; Bghl;L tpisahlr; brhd;dhy; me;jf; FHe;ij me;j bghUis vLj;J

mJt[k; nlJ ifahy; vLj;J thapy; itj;J foj;J fPBH ifapy; gpoj;jg;go

jl;oj;jl;o tpisahLfpwJ. xU nuz;L epkpl’;fs; cl;fhu;e;jpUf;fpwJ. gpwF

ghu;j;jhy; jpObud FHe;ij fPBH mg;goBa ftpHg;ghu;f;fpwJ. rpwpJ Beuk; ghu;j;jhy;

fpBH ftpH;e;JtpLfwpJ. FHe;ijiaj; J]f;fp koapy; itj;Jk; rup FHe;ijapd; nuz;L

iffisa[k; ehk; gpoj;Jf;bfhz;L elf;fg;gHfpdhy; mHfh fpsp khjpup thiaj; jpwe;J

rpupj;Jf;bfhz;Bl mo vLj;Jitf;fpwJ. elf;ft[k; Muk;gpf;fpwJ.

bfhq;r Beuk; fHpj;J FH;eijapd; ifapDs; ek; tpuiy bfhLj;J jhdhf elf;f

gHfpdhYk; ed;whf elf;fpwJ.

FHe;ij gjpbdhd;whk; khjj;ijf; flf;fifapy; jhdhf nuz;L iffisa[k;

fPBH Cd;wp efu Muk;gpf;fpwJ. VjhtJ xU bghUisf; fz;lhy; nlJ ifahy;

vLj;Bjh gpoj;Bjh thapy; itj;Jf;foj;J jpA;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ. ahuhtJ tUtijg;

ghu;j;jhy; ifapy; gpoj;Jf;bfhz;L CA; CA; vd;W brhy;ypf;fpl;Bl thapy; itf;fpwJ.

mg;gh tUtijf; fz;l FHe;ij Btf Btfkhf efu;e;J mg;ghtplk; BghfpwJ.

mg;gh clBd FHe;ijiaj; J]f;fp Kj;jk; bfhLj;J bfhq;rpf;fpl;Bl tUfpwhu;. mg;gh

BrhW rhg;gpLfpwhu; me;j FHe;ij mg;ghit ghu;j;Jtpl;L clBd efu;e;J Bgha;

mg;gh rhg;gpLfpwj jl;il nGf;fpwJ. Brhj;ij nlJ ifahy; vLj;J thapy; itj;J

rhg;gpLfpwJ. mg;gh FHe;ijiag; ghu;j;Jf;bfhz;Bl rpupf;fpwhu;. mk;kht[k;

gf;fj;jpBy cl;fhu;e;J rpupf;fpd;whu;. gpwF FHe;ij efu;e;J Bgha; tpisah

Muk;gpf;fpwJ. mof;fo ne;j FHe;ij efu;e;J bry;y Muk;gpf;fpwJ. mk;kh

FHe;ijiag; ghu;j;J buhk;gt[k; re;Bjhrj;Jld; J]f;fp Kj;jk; bfhLf;fpwhu;.

FHe;ijia cl;fhu itj;J tpishahl;Lg; bghUl;fis bfhLj;J tpisahlr;

brhd;dhy; tpisahl;Lg; bghk;ikia thapy; itj;J foj;J J]uj;jpy; vwpe;J tpLfpwJ.

me;j bghk;ikia vLg;gjw;fhf efu;e;J efu;e;J bry;fpwJ.

Behf;fPl;L E]y;fs;

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