Y Ju r usan Pe ndidikan T eknik Otomotif N T EO RI...

ludoM edoK

EVP . PTK 02 3- 10

YNU kinkeT satlukaF fitomotO kinkeT nakididneP nasuruJ

NARAJALEBMEP ISAULAVE IROET ( FITINGOC )

: nusuyneP

.T.M ,.dP.M ,ibutraM

)4 PS( naraggnagneP nad margorP nanusuyneP naanacnereP metsiS fitomotO kinkeT nakididneP nasuruJ

rebotkO 002 4

2

RATNAGNEP ATAK

luduj nagned ludoM iroeT narajalebmeP isaulavE ) fitingoC ( ini

kutnebmem kutnu hailuk nataigek malad naudnap iagabes nakanugid

utas halas bus - :utiay ,isnetepmok “ nakparenem tapad nad imahameM

pesnok ( iroet narajalebmep isaulave fitingoc takgnit nakutnenem kutnu )

awsis rajaleb nalisahrebek “. ni ludoM nakanugid tapad i igab aumes

hailuk atresep narajalebmeP isaulavE retsemes id 5 adap nasuruJ

nakididneP fitomotO kinkeT ) 1S ( iregeN satisrevinU kinkeT satlukaF

.atrakaygoY

nakijasid ini ludom adaP rasad pesnok metsiS naialineP iroeT

( fitingoC ). sata iridret ini ludoM agit .rajaleb nataigek 1 rajaleb nataigeK

sahabmem : takekaH .narajalebmeP isaulavE 2 rajaleb nataigeK

sahabmem : hadiaK silutreT seT narokesneP nad nasiluneP nataigeK .

rajaleb 3 :sahabmem .silutreT seT laoS rituB sisilanA kutnU epmem tapad -

iaynupmem halet nakparahid awsisaham hadum nagned ini ludom irajal

pesnok gnatnet namahamep nad nauhategnep - gnay rasad pesnok

gnatnet pesnok amaturet ini lah malad ,ayngnajnunem umlI ratnagneP

nakididneP nad nakididneP igolokisP .

oY ,atrakayg rebotkO 002 4

nusuyneP

.T.M ,.dP.M ,ibutraM

3

LUDOM ISI RATFAD

namalaH

LUPMAS NAMALAH ........................................................................... . 1 RATNAGNEP ATAK ........................... .................................................. . 2

ISI RATFAD .......................................................................................... 3 . YRASSOLG / NAHALITSIREP .... . ......................................................... . 5

. I NAULUHADNEP ................................................................................. 7

ispirkseD .A ......... ........................................................................ . ....... 7

taraysarP .B ................................. ........................................................ 7

ludoM naanuggneP kujnuteP .C .......................................................... 8

awsisaham igab kujnuteP .1 .......................................................... . 8

.2 igab kujnuteP nesod ............ ...................................................... . 8

rihkA naujuT .D ............................................................................ . ..... . 9

.E isnetepmoK . ... ....................... ...................................................... . .. . 9

............................................................................ naupmameK keC .F . 01

NARAJALEBMEP .II ...................................................................... . .... . .. . 11

awsisahaM rajaleB anacneR .A ......................................................... . 11

rajaleB nataigeK .B ............................................................................. . 11

1 rajaleB nataigeK .1 .......... ... ........................................................ 11

nataigek naujuT .a rajaleb 1 ...................... . ........................ .... .. . 11

iretam naiarU .b ... ..................................................... . ................ . 21

kgnaR .c 1 namu ..................................................... ................... .. 16

1 saguT .d .................................................................................. .. 18

1 fitamrof seT .e .................................................... .. ................... .. 18

bawaj icnuK .f set 1 fitamrof .. . ................................................... .. 18

4

namalaH

2 rajaleB nataigeK .2 ........................................................... .......... . 12

jaleb nataigek naujuT .a 2 ra . .......... ............................................ 12

2 iretam naiarU .b ....................................................................... 22

2 namukgnaR .c ......................................................................... . 33

T .d 2 sagu .................................................................................. . 43

fitamrof seT .e 2 ... ...................................................................... . 43

bawaj icnuK .f set fitamrof 2 ............... .................... .................. .. 43

3 rajaleB nataigeK . 3 ........................................................... ......... 39

rajaleb nataigek naujuT .a 3 ....................................................... 39

iretam naiarU .b 3 .................. ..................................................... 39

namukgnaR .c 3 ......................................................................... 54

saguT .d 3 .................................................................................. 48

seT .e ......................................................................... 3 fitamrof 48

...................................... ............... 3 fitamrof set bawaj icnuK .f 49

ISAULAVE .III ............................................................. ................. ...... .. 15

naaynatreP .A ................................................................................ .. 15

nabawaJ icnuK .B ............................................................................ . 25

K .C nasululeK airetir ............................................................. . ........ .. 57

EP .VI N PUTU ....................................................................................... .. 58

AKATSUP RATFAD ................................ ............................................ . 59

5

/ NAHALITSIREP YRASSOLG

fitceffA : halada kepsa naidabirpek nad pakis .moolB imonoskat malad

siripmE sisilanA halada : silutret set laos ritub padahret sisilana

agned aboc iju lisah nakrasadreb naruku rasad n - .aynkitsitats naruku

sisilanA lanoisaR silutret set laos ritub padahret sisilana halada :

nakrasadreb apat ,ajas oisar nagnabmitrep aboc iju .

tsiL kcehC : surah gnay naataynrep/naaynatrep ratfad haubes halada

at irebmem arac nagned isiid .) V ( kec adn

fitingoC : halada nauhategnep kepsa oskat malad iroet nasadrecek / -

imon .moolB

rotkartsiD : halada adap nabawaj nahilip utiay ,hocegnep irad nial halitsi

.aynbawaj icnuk nakapurem nakub gnay adnag nahilip laos

fitakudE alas halada : iaynupmem itrareb gnay isaulave pisnirp irad utas h

) kididnem( nagnorod irebmem upmam uata nakididnep erusnu

.rajaleb taig hibel kutnu awsis

isaulavE aisenodnI halitsi halada : rad i noitaulave nakhamejretid gnay

.naialinep nagned

isiK - yaL( laoS isik ) tuO asilunep naanacnerep ratfad haubes halad : n

,lautkeletni kepsa ,iretam napukac : nial aratna taumem gnay laos

.ayniagabes nad kutneb paites esatnesorp / halmuj ,laos kutneb

fitkeybO : maggnem itrareb gnay isaulave pisnirp irad utas hals halada -

krab aynada apa iauses awsis naupmamek/naadaek na .

narukugneP utas nagned utauses nakgnidnabmem sesorp halada :

.) fitatitnauk tafisreb ( utnetret naruku

6

naialineP lisah padahret nasutupek nalibmagnep sesorp halada :

utnetret irogetak utaus nagned narukugnep .) fitatilauk tafisreb (

ecnamrofreP .awsis gnaroes ajrek kujnu uata naupmamek halada :

kirotomokisP : kepsa .moolB imonoskat malad nalipmaretek

elacS gnitaR 0 : lasim ,)roks nairebmep( narukugnep alaks halada : – 001

elbaileR rad utas halas halada : tapad itrareb gnay isaulave pisnirp i

.geja uata ayacrepid

kaltuM radnatS awsis rajaleb nalisahrebek airetirk nautnetek halada :

.uluhad hibel nakutnetid halet gnay kaltum akgna nagned

radnatS fitaleR wsis rajaleb nalisahrebek airetirk nautnetek halada : a

kadit gnay aynkopmolek/salek atoggna nalisahrebnek nakrasadreb

.uluhad hibel nakutnetid

radnatS iridneS awsiS naupmameK rebek airetirk nautnetek halada : -

gnasreb gnay awsis isatserp nakrasadreb awsis rajaleb nalisah -

.aynmulebes natuk

iassE seT alada : nakhutubmem gnay naaynatrep nagned set sinej h

tapadnep naiaru / nasahabmep apureb nabawaj .

fitamroF seT amales surenem suret araces nakukalid gnay set halada :

saulavegnem kutnu nakanugid ,gnusgnalreb narajalebmep sesorp i

tret isnetepmok bus naiapacnep .utne

fitamuS seT sesorp kolb utaus rihka adap nakukalid gnay set halada :

sata iridret gnay isnetepmok tekap utaus malad narajalebmep

bus aparebeb - .isnetepmok

dilaV : maggnem itrareb gnay isaulave pisnirp irad utas halas halada -

uses awsis naadaek nakrab .isaulaveid aynranebes gnay apa ia

7

I BAB NAULUHADNEP

ispirkseD .A

ludoM luduj nagned narajalebmeP isaulavE ( iroeT fitingoC ) i in

rasad pesnok gnatnet sahabmem rajaleb sesorp malad isaulavE

rep nad iroet narajalepatam kutnu amaturet rajagnem aynnahalasam

gnay kiab ,kinket gnadib id aynnaparenep malad iapmujid kaynab

.sitkarp nupuam sitiroet araces :pukacnem irajalepid gnay iretaM

narokesneP nad nasiluneP hadiaK ,narajalebmeP isaulavE takekaH

lutreT seT laoS rituB sisilanA nad ,silutreT seT .si

sata iridret ini ludoM agit .rajaleb nataigek 1 rajaleb nataigeK

sahabmem : .narajalebmeP isaulavE takekaH 2 rajaleb nataigeK

sahabmem : silutreT seT narokesneP nad nasiluneP hadiaK nataigeK .

rajaleb 3 :sahabmem reT seT laoS rituB sisilanA .silut paites adaP

hotnoc nagned ipakgnelid ulales rajaleb nataigek – fitakilpa hotnoc

nahital atreseb - malad awsisaham utnabmem kutnu aynulrepes nahital

.nakparahid gnay isnetepmok iapacnem

ulesek araces ini ludom irajalepmem iaseles haleteS nahur

nakparahid awsisaham isnetepmok bus iaynupmem “ nad imahameM

nakparenem tapad pesnok ( iroet narajalebmep isaulave fitingoc kutnu )

awsis rajaleb nalisahrebek takgnit nakutnenem .“

taraysarP .B

iretam isireb ini ludoM - iretam lremem gnay nagnukud naku iretam

gnay nial iretam nupadA .aynmulebes irajalepid halet aynitsemes -

let aynsurahes gnay rasad iretam hailuk atresep helo imahafid ha id

pesnok halada amaturet fitomotO kinkeT nakididneP nasuruJ rasad

: gnatnet nakididneP umlI ratnagneP ad n .nakididneP igolokisP

8

ludoM naanuggneP kujnuteP .C

awsisahaM igab kujnuteP .1

malad akam ,lamiskam gnay rajaleb lisah helorepid ragA

ulrep gnay rudesorp aparebeb ada ini ludom nakanuggnem

: nial aratna nakanaskalid nad ,nakitahrepid

pesnok naiaru amaskes nagned imahaf nad halacaB .a - pesnok

alup imahaf naidumek ,ini ludom adap nakijasid gnay sitiroet

pesnok naparenep - hotnoc malad tubesret pesnok - laos hotnoc

iretam ada hisam askapret aliB .aynnaiaseleynep arac atreseb

lej gnaruk gnay d imahafid asib muleb nad sa ne arap kiab nag

upmagnem gnay nesod adapek nakaynanem tapad awsisaham

.nahailukrep nataigek

,iridnam araces )nahital laos( fitamrof sagut paites nakajrek aboC .b

raseb aparebes iuhategnem kutnu nakduskamid ini lah

nay namahamep padahret awsisaham paites ikilimid halet g

iretam - .rajaleb nataigek paites adap sahabid gnay iretam

iretam iasaugnem muleb awsisaham aynnaataynek malad alibapA .c

nad acabmem igal ignalu aboc ,nakparahid gnay level adap

nahital igal nakajregnem - aynnahital halaynatreb ulrep ualak nad

gnay nahailukrep nataigek upmagnem gnay nesod adapek

nakulremem natukgnasreb gnay iretam ualaK .natukgnasreb

taraysarp awhab naknikay akam )taraysarp( lawa namahamep

raneb duskamid gnay - .ihunepid hadus raneb

aB kujnuteP .2 nesoD ig

nad sagut iaynupmem nesod ,nahailukrep nataigek paites malaD

: kutnu narep

a. .rajaleb sesorp nakanacnerem malad awsisaham utnabmeM

b. sagut iulalem awsisaham gnibmibmeM - nahital uata sagut - nahital

.rajaleb bahat malad naksalejid gnay

9

c. am utnabmeM nad urab pesnok imahamem malad awsisah

.nakulrepid alibapa awsisaham naaynatrep bawajnem

d. gnay nial rajaleb rebmus seskagnem kutnu awsisaham utnabmeM

.nakulrepid

e. .nakulrepid akij kopmolek rajaleb nataigek risinagrogneM

f. madnep nesod/ilha gnaroes nakanacnereM .nakulrepid akij gnip

g. aham isnetepmok naiapacnep padahret isaulave nakadagneM -

.nakutnetid halet gnay awsis aynnaanaskalep tubesret isaulavE

.rajaleb nataigek rihka paites adap

rihkA naujuT .D

ajaleb nataigek iretam hurules irajalepmem haleteS ludom malad r

nakparahid awsisaham ini tapad : “ nakparenem tapad nad imahameM

pesnok ( iroet narajalebmep isaulave fitingoc nakutnenem kutnu )

awsis rajaleb nalisahrebek takgnit .“

isnetepmoK .E

ludoM KTP.PVE 02 3- luduj nagned 10 isaulavE narajalebmeP ( iroeT fitingoC ) kutnebmem akgnar malad nususid ini bus -

isnetepmok isnetepmok “ nakparenem tapad nad imahameM pesnok

( iroet narajalebmep isaulave fitingoc takgnit nakutnenem kutnu )

awsis rajaleb nalisahrebek .“ acnem kutnU bus iap - surah uluhad hibelret ,tubesret isnetepmok

bus iapacid tapad - aynajrek kujnu airetirk atreseb isnetepmok bus

iagabes narajalebmep kokop iretam nagned rajaleb pukgnil iulalem

tukireb :

01

F . naupmameK keC

irajalepmem mulebeS ludoM KTP.PVE 02 3- nagned halisi ,ini 10

( kec adnat halet gnay isnetepmok nakkujnunem gnay naaynatrep )

nakbawajgnuggnatrepid tapad nad rujuj nagned awsisaham ikilimid :

buS

isnetepmoK naaynatreP

nabawaJ “aY“ nabawaJ aliB nakajreK aY kadiT

imahameM

tapad nad nakparenem

ave pesnok -ebmep isaul - iroet narajal

( fitingoc )nenem kutnu - takgnit nakut nalisahrebek

awsis rajaleb

takekaH :naksalejnem upmam ayaS .1

lavE .narajalebmeP isau

1 fitamroF seT

hadiak naksalejnem tapad ayaS .2

set laos narokesnep nad nasilunep .silutret

2 fitamroF seT

ritub sisilana nakukalem tapad ayaS .3 .silutret set laos

3 fitamroF seT

isaham alibapA bawajnem aws kadiT ini ludom irajalep akam

bawajid gnay iretam iauses kadiT .tubesret

buSisnetepmoK

airetirK ajreK kujnU

pukgniLrajaleB

oP iretaM narajalebmeP kok

pakiS nauhategneP nalipmarteK

imahameM tapad nad

nakparenemave pesnok -ebmep isaul - iroet narajal

( fitingoc )nenem kutnu - takgnit nakut nalisahrebek

awsis rajaleb

naksalejneM .1

avE takekaH -ebmeP isaul -

narajal . naksalejneM .2

ak unep hadi -nep nad nasil -

narokes laos set et . silutr

.3 alem tapaD - sisilana nakuk

set laos ritub . .silutret

.1 takekaH avE -

ebmeP isaul - narajal .

.2 K unep hadia -

nep nad nasil -narokes laos

set silutret . .3 ritub sisilanA

tret set laos silu

nad itileT

tamrec maladeleynem -

nakias paites

halasam

.1 avE takekaH -

ebmeP isaul - narajal .

.2 K unep hadia -

nad nasil nep -narokes laos

set silutret .

.3 ritub sisilanA laos set silutret

gnugneM -

nakpak nabawaj

nagnedrp rudeso

lisah nad gnay raneb

11

II BAB NARAJALEBMEP

awsisahaM rajaleB anacneR .A

hawab id lebat isignem nagned rajaleb nataigek anacner haltauB

ajaleb itkub halatnim nad ini .iaseles haletes nesod adapek r

nataigeK sineJ laggnaT utkaW tapmeTrajaleB

nasalAnahabureP

faraPnesoD

ebmeP isaulavE takekaH .1 - narajal

esnep nad nasilunep hadiaK .2 - silutret set laos narok

.3 silutret set laos ritub sisilanA

.rajaleB nataigeK .B

: 1 rajaleB nataigeK .1 takekaH isaulavE narajalebmeP

: 1 rajaleB nataigeK naujuT .a 1 .) tapad awsisahaM em ebmep isaulave naitregnep naksalejn -

.narajal

1 .) d awsisahaM tapa ebmep isaulave irad isgnuf naktubeynem -

.narajal

1 .) tapad awsisahaM pukgnil gnaur / narasas naktubeynem

.narajalebmep isaulave

1 .) pisnirp naktubeynem tapad awsisahaM - isaulave pisnirp

.narajalebmep

macam naktubeynem tapad awsisahaM .)5 -m radnats maca

.narajalebmep isaulave malad nakanugid gnay

macam naktubeynem tapad awsisahaM .)6 - gnay tala macam

narajalebmep isaulave malad iakapid tapad

21

: 1 iretaM naiarU .b

naitregneP .)1 narajalebmeP isaulavE

laD irahes napudihek ma - nakididnep ainud id kusamret ,irah

o udarupmacnem gnires gnar k aratna nak irad naitregnep

halitsi - halitsi : m rukugne , ialinem nad isaulavegnem .

halitsI M rukugne : m itrareb nagned utauses nakgnidnabme

( utnetret naruku utas fisreb fitatitnauk ta ) , ialineM : itrareb

m irogetak nagned utauses padahret nasutupek libmagne

( utnetret fitatilauk tafisreb ) nakgnades , isaulavegneM itupileM :

rukugnem nakadnit nad ialinem . ialineM iridnes nakapurem

rukugnem nataigek irad tujnal kadnit .

: ayngnisa halitsi malaD narukugneP = tnemerusaeM ,nupada naialineP = noitaulavE , malad habuid naidumek gnay

idajnem aisenodnI asahaB E .isaulav isaulavE p :halada eynem isamrofni naktapadnem sesor -

hurul nad eb t nagnubmanisekr ne t na g utaus sesorp nad lisah

duskamid gnay akam ini naitregnep iraD .nataigek haubes

narajalebmeP isaulavE p halada rofni naktapadnem sesor -

huruleynem isam nad t nagnubmanisekreb ne t na g utaus sesorp

nad s awsis rajaleb lisah eh gni ga id tapad idaj nak rasad

nautnenep p naukalre l tujna .

2 .) isgnuF narajalebmeP isaulavE tagnas gnay isgnuf iaynupmem narajalebmep isaulavE

igab nupuam urug igab ,awsis nagnitnepek igab kiab ,sigetarts

.nakididnep agabmel

.)a lavE isgnuF isau b narajalebmeP :awsiS iga

1). aynrajaleb naujamek iuhategnem kutnU

2). rajaleb nagnorod nakirebmem kutnU

3). rajaleb namalagnep nakirebmem kutnU

31

.)b uruG igab isaulavE isgnuF :

1). kutnU awsis iskeleynem nad aynnalisahrebek lamarem .

2). kutnU babes iuhategnem - awsis rajaleb natilusek babes .

nad nagnibmib irebmem .

3). kutnU rajaleb malad namodep irebmem .

4). kutnU rajagnem edotem natapetek iuhategnem .

5). kutnU nakkududnem awsis dala salek m takgnit iauses

adnapek .aynnai

.)c agabmeL igab isaulavE isgnuF / isasinagrO nakididneP :

1). kutnU nakididnep utum radnats naknahatrepmem .

2). kutnU mulukiruk natapetek ialinem .

3). kutnU halokes naujamek ialinem .

)3 . S narasa / R gnau L isaulavE pukgni narajalebmeP narajalebmeP isaulavE tapad gnay narasas iaynupmem

m nenopmok aumes itupile utiay ,narajalebmep sesorp nupuam

d awsis rajaleb lisah ala m relukirukartni , ok - relukiruk nad

relukirukartske .

)4 . P pisnir – Pr pisni E narajalebmeP isaulav anamiagabes isgnufreb tapad narajalebmep isaulave ragA

pisnirp iaynupmem surah akam ,aynitsem - iagabes pisnirp

: tukireb

)a . huruleyneM ( fisneherpmok tapad surah isaulave aynitra : )

naklisahgnem eynem araces awsis irid gnatnet narabmag -

kepsa kiab ,hurul fitingoc , kirotomokisp nupuam , fitkeffa .

)b . nagnubmanisekreB lebmep isaulave awhab aynduskam : -

lawa kajes ,surenem suret araces nakukalid surah naraja

.narajalebmep sesorp rihka iapmas

)c . fitkeybO tapad surah narajalebmep isaulave awhab aynitra :

.aynada apa iauses awsis naadaek nakrabmaggnem

41

)d . dilaV surah narajalebmep isaulave lisah awhab aynitra :

gnay apa nagned iauses awsis naadaek nakrabmaggnem

.isaulaveid aynranebes

)e . elbaileR surah narajalebmep isaulave lisah awhab aynitra :

awsis naadaek nakrabmaggnem nad ayacrepid tapad

gnay kahif helo nakukalid nupiksem )uynitnok( geja araces

.amas kadit gnay utkaw malad nad adebreb

)f . fitakudE ave lisah awhab aynitra : narajalebmep isaul

surah nagnorod irebmem upmam )kididnem( awsis adapek

kutnu .rajaleb malad tagnamesreb hibel

S .)5 radnat E narajalebmeP isaulav tapad narajalebmep isaulave lisah nakutnenem malaD

agned iauses radnats macam agit nakanugid ,aynnaulrepek n

: utiay

.)a kaltuM radnatS nakotaP naucA naialineP uata ( PAP ) uata noiretirC R ecnerefe d noitaulavE RC( E).

nakutnenem uluhad hibelret urug ini radnats nagneD

.kaltum akgna nagned awsis rajaleb nalisahrebek airetirk

alaD upmam alibapa lisahreb nakatakid awsis ini lah m

adap 06 aynlasim ,aynraseb utnetret roks naktapadnem

seT adap nakanugid aynasaib ini radnatS .001 alaks

fitamroF hisam narajalebmep akitek nakadaid gnay set (

.) gnusgnalreb

ad kaltum radnatS isaulave adap nakanugid aguj tap

: nagnabmitrep nagned fitamus

reb tubesret halokes id narajalebmep margorp alibapA .)1( -

uata ”isnetepmok sisabeb mulukiruk“ pesnok nakrasad

“ desab seicnetepmoc mulucirruc .”

adid narajalebmep margorp naanaskalep alibapA .)2( ras -

“ uata ”satnut rajaleb“ hadiak nak gninrael yretsam .”

51

gnaur lortnokid tapad narajalebmep margorp alibapA .)3(

margorp aynlasim ,aynnaturu atat nad pukgnil

.satabret uata licek fitaler gnay narajalebmep

irahes narajalebmep margorp alibapA .)4( - irah tapad

,susuhk arces lanoiskurtsni naujut malad ek nakgnautid

.awsis ukalirep tafisreb nad rukuid tapad

apureb awsis kutnu nakaidesid gnay margorp alibapA .)5(

.itrareb gnay muminim margorp

.)b radnatS fitaleR roN naucA naialineP uata am ( AP N ) uata mroN R ecnerefe d noitaulavE (NRE).

rebek airetirk ini radnats nagned naialinep malaD -

ipatet ,aynmulebes nakutnetid kadit awsis nalisah

salek id atresep mumu nalisahrebek adapek gnutnagreb

nay )kopmolek( aynradnats aynasaiB .isaulaveid gnades g

aynukab gnapmis nad naidem ,atarer lisah naruku halada

nakismusaid ini lah malaD .natukgnasreb gnay salek adap

.lamron isubirtsidreb uti salek adap awsis naupmamek

.)c radnatS ridneS awsiS naupmameK i uata R lipuP ecnerefe d noitaulavE (NRE) / noitaulavE ecnamrofreP fleS .

airetirk ini radnats nagned isaulave malaD

lisah/naupmamek nagned nakrasadid awsis nalisahrebek

lasiM .iridnes uti awsis iapacid gnay aynmulebes adap ayn

,03 roks tapadnem aynah awsis gnaroes aynmulebes set

awsis itrareb ,05 roks iapacnem aid gnarakes naidumek

.lisahreb nakatakid nad natakgninep imalagnem tubesret

isatserp ihuragnepid kadit awsis nalisahrebek nautneneP

malad nial awsis iapacid gnay .aynsalek / kopmolek

:nakitahrepmem aynkadneh ini radnats naanuggneP

sesorp itukignem amales nad mulebes awsis sutats

.gnatadnem utkaw adap aynisnetop atres narajalebmep

61

A .)6 tal E narajalebmeP isaulav

isinifedid tapad narajalebmeP isaulavE talA mumu araceS -

anaras igababes nakanugid tapad gnay utauses : iagabes nak

utiay aysagut naigabes nakanaskalem kutnu urug gnaroeses

nakutnenem sesorp inalajnem malad awsis nalisahrebek takgnit

tubesid aguj gnires narajalebmep isaulave talA .narajalebmep

.isaulavE kinkeT uata narajalebmep isaulave nemurtsni iagabes

adebid narajalebmep isaulave kinket raseb sirag araceS -

utiay ,sinej aud idajnem nak noN kinkeT : - .seT kinkeT nad seT

noN kinkeT - ( takgnitreB alakS : apureb tapad seT elacS gnitaR ,)

( naaskiremeP ratfaD ,renoiseuK tsiL kcehC akgnA alakS ,)

( emehcS gnikraM nad ,)isavresbO( natamagneP ,aracnawaW ,)

atataC asib seT kinkeT nupadA .pudiH tayawiR/todkenA n

aneraK .nataubreP seT nad ,silutreT seT ,nasiL seT apureb

naka itnan akam ,ini set kinket ayngnitnep tagnas tagnignem

adap aguj nad 2 rajaleB nataigeK adap iridnesret sahabid

.ayntukireb ludoM

.c namukgnaR : 1 .)1 narajalebmeP isaulavE p halada isamrofni naktapadnem sesor

huruleynem nad t nagnubmanisekreb ne t na g utaus sesorp nad

s awsis rajaleb lisah eh gni ga id tapad idaj nak nautnenep rasad

p naukalre l tujna .

)2 ,sigetarts tagnas gnay isgnuf iaynupmem narajalebmep isaulavE .

agabmel igab nupuam urug igab ,awsis nagnitnepek igab kiab

.nakididnep

.)a isaulavE isgnuF b narajalebmeP :awsiS iga

(1). aynrajaleb naujamek iuhategnem kutnU

(2). rod nakirebmem kutnU rajaleb nagno

(3). rajaleb namalagnep nakirebmem kutnU

71


(1). kutnU awsis iskeleynem nad aynnalisahrebek lamarem .

(2). kutnU babes iuhategnem - awsis rajaleb natilusek babes .


(3). nU kut rajaleb malad namodep irebmem .

(4). kutnU rajagnem edotem natapetek iuhategnem .

(5). kutnU nakkududnem awsis dalam salek iauses

takgnit .aynnaiadnapek


(1). kutnU epmem nakididnep utum radnats naknahatr .

(2). kutnU mulukiruk natapetek ialinem .

(3). kutnU halokes naujamek ialinem .

.)3 isaulavE narajalebmeP tapad gnay narasas iaynupmem

m nenopmok aumes itupile utiay ,narajalebmep sesorp

nupuam d awsis rajaleb lisah ala m relukirukartni , ok - relukiruk

nad relukirukartske .

.)4 anamiagabes isgnufreb tapad narajalebmep isaulave ragA

pisnirp iaynupmem surah akam ,aynitsem - pisnirp :

huruleyneM , nagnubmanisekreB , fitkeybO , fitkeybO ,

ileR ba el , nad fitakudE .

.)5 anugid tapad narajalebmep isaulave lisah nakutnenem malaD -

: utiay ,aynnaulrepek nagned iauses radnats macam agit nak

.)a kaltuM radnatS nakotaP naucA naialineP uata ( PAP ) uata noiretirC R ecnerefe d noitaulavE RC( E).

.)b radnatS fitaleR amroN naucA naialineP uata ( AP N )

uata mroN R ecnerefe d noitaulavE (NRE).

.)c radnatS iridneS awsiS naupmameK uata R lipuP nerefe -ec d noitaulavE (NRE) / noitaulavE ecnamrofreP fleS .

nakadebid narajalebmep isaulave kinket raseb sirag araceS .)6

noN kinkeT : utiay ,sinej aud idajnem - .seT kinkeT nad seT

81

noN kinkeT - ( takgnitreB alakS : apureb tapad seT elacS gnitaR ,)

( naaskiremeP ratfaD ,renoiseuK tsiL kcehC akgnA alakS ,)

( emehcS gnikraM nad ,)isavresbO( natamagneP ,aracnawaW ,)

asib seT kinkeT nupadA .pudiH tayawiR/todkenA natataC

nataubreP seT nad ,silutreT seT ,nasiL seT apureb

.d uT 1 sag :

nakadaid ulrep narajalebmep naanaskalep malad id apagneM

isaulave takekah nad ankam sakgnir araces naksalej ,isaulave

! tubesret narajalebmep

.e fitamrof seT : 1 1 .) ve nagned duskamid gnay apa naksaleJ ! narajalebmep isaula

,awsis igab kiab ,narajalebmep isaulave irad isgnuf naktubeS .)2

.nakididnep agabmel igab nupuam ,urug

lebmep isaulave pukgnil gnaur / narasas hakajas apa itupileM .)3 -

! naktubes ,naraja

pisnirp hakajas apA .)4 - ebmep isaulave pisnirp naktubes ,narajal

! aynulrepes nasalejnep ireb nad

macam halnaktubeS .)5 - malad nakanugid gnay radnats macam

gnisam ,narajalebmep isaulave - araces naksalej gnisam

! takgnis

iakapid tapad gnay kinket/tala macam apareb adA .)6 malad

nasalejnep ireb nad naktubes ,narajalebmep isaulave

! aynulrepes

.f fitamroF seT bawaJ icnuK : 1 .)1 narajalebmeP isaulavE p halada isamrofni naktapadnem sesor




91

,sigetarts tagnas gnay isgnuf iaynupmem narajalebmep isaulavE .)2

agabmel igab nupuam urug igab ,awsis nagnitnepek igab kiab

.nakididnep

.)a isaulavE isgnuF narajalebmeP b :awsiS iga

(1). aynrajaleb naujamek iuhategnem kutnU

(2). rajaleb nagnorod nakirebmem kutnU

(3). rajaleb namalagnep nakirebmem kutnU


(1). kutnU awsis iskeleynem nad aynnalisahrebek lamarem .

(2). utnU k babes iuhategnem - awsis rajaleb natilusek babes .


(3). kutnU rajaleb malad namodep irebmem .

(4). kutnU rajagnem edotem natapetek iuhategnem .

(5). kutnU nakkududnem awsis dalam salek iauses

takgnit iadnapek .aynna


(1). kutnU nakididnep utum radnats naknahatrepmem .

(2). kutnU mulukiruk natapetek ialinem .

(3). kutnU halokes naujamek ialinem .

.)3 isaulavE narajalebmeP pmem tapad gnay narasas iaynu

m nenopmok aumes itupile utiay ,narajalebmep sesorp

nupuam d awsis rajaleb lisah ala m relukirukartni , ok - relukiruk

nad relukirukartske .

.)4 E isaulav narajalebmep iaynupmem surah pisnirp - pisnirp :

huruleyneM , eB nagnubmanisekr , fitkeybO , fitkeybO ,

baileR el , nad fitakudE .

)a . huruleyneM ( fisneherpmok tapad surah isaulave aynitra :)

eynem araces awsis irid gnatnet narabmag naklisahgnem -

kepsa kiab ,hurul fitingoc , kirotomokisp nupuam , fitkeffa .

02

b). nagnubmanisekreB mep isaulave awhab aynduskam : -

kajes ,surenem suret araces nakukalid surah narajaleb

.narajalebmep sesorp rihka iapmas lawa

)c . fitkeybO surah narajalebmep isaulave awhab aynitra :

pa iauses awsis naadaek nakrabmaggnem tapad .aynada a

)d . dilaV surah narajalebmep isaulave lisah awhab aynitra :

gnay apa nagned iauses awsis naadaek nakrabmaggnem

.isaulaveid aynranebes

)e . elbaileR narajalebmep isaulave lisah awhab aynitra :

nakrabmaggnem nad ayacrepid tapad surah naadaek

helo nakukalid nupiksem )uynitnok( geja araces awsis

.amas kadit gnay utkaw malad nad adebreb gnay kahif

)f . fitakudE narajalebmep isaulave lisah awhab aynitra :

surah nagnorod irebmem upmam )kididnem( adapek

kutnu awsis amesreb hibel .rajaleb malad tagn

.)5 anugid tapad narajalebmep isaulave lisah nakutnenem malaD -

: utiay ,aynnaulrepek nagned iauses radnats macam agit nak

.)a kaltuM radnatS nakotaP naucA naialineP uata ( PAP ) uata noiretirC R fe ecnere d noitaulavE RC( E).

nakutnenem uluhad hibelret urug ini radnats nagneD

.kaltum akgna nagned awsis rajaleb nalisahrebek airetirk

upmam alibapa lisahreb nakatakid awsis ini lah malaD

.06 aynlasim ,aynraseb utnetret roks naktapadnem

.)b radnatS fitaleR amroN naucA naialineP uata ( AP N ) uata mroN R ecnerefe d noitaulavE (NRE).

rebek airetirk ini radnats nagned naialinep malaD -

,aynmulebes nakutnetid kadit awsis nalisah reb ipatet -

salek id atresep mumu nalisahrebek adapek gnutnag

.isaulaveid gnades gnay )kopmolek(

12

.)c radnatS iridneS awsiS naupmameK uata R lipuP nerefe -ec d noitaulavE (NRE) / noitaulavE ecnamrofreP fleS .

rebek airetirk ini radnats nagned isaulave malaD -

lisah/naupmamek nagned nakrasadid awsis nalisah

.iridnes uti awsis iapacid gnay aynmulebes

nakadebid narajalebmep isaulave kinket raseb sirag araceS .)6

utiay ,sinej aud idajnem noN kinkeT : - .seT kinkeT nad seT

noN kinkeT - ( takgnitreB alakS : apureb tapad seT gnitaR

elacS ( naaskiremeP ratfaD ,renoiseuK ,) tsiL kcehC alakS ,)

( akgnA emehcS gnikraM natamagneP ,aracnawaW ,)

H tayawiR/todkenA natataC nad ,)isavresbO( nupadA .pudi

seT nad ,silutreT seT ,nasiL seT apureb asib seT kinkeT

nataubreP .

2 . rajaleB nataigeK 2 : seT narokesneP nad nasiluneP hadiaK

silutreT

rajaleB nataigeK naujuT .a 2 : .)1 tapad awsisahaM em macam naktubeyn - .silutret set macam

.)2 kutneb naktubeynem tapad awsisahaM - nad iasse set kutneb

gnisam naanugek - .gnisam

hadiak nad nasilunep hadiak naktubeynem tapad awsisahaM .)3

snep .iasse set naroke

naktubeynem tapad awsisahaM .)4 kutneb - set kutneb fitkeybo nad

gnisam naanugek - .gnisam

naktubeynem tapad awsisahaM .)5 hadiak nad nasilunep hadiak

iasse set narokesnep .

isik irad isgnuf nad naitregnep naksalejnem tapad awsisahaM .)6 -

.laos isik

7 hakgnal irad naturu naktubeynem tapad awsisahaM .) - hakgnal

.silutret set laos nusuynem malad nakukalid ulrep gnay

22

: 2 iretaM naiarU .b seT narokesneP nad nasiluneP hadiaK ilutreT s

macaM .)1 - silutreT seT macaM mulebeS ,aynnarokesnep nad nasilunep hadiak sahabmem

macam naklanekid uluhad hibelret ulrep - silutret set macam

iroet narajalebmep isaulave malad nakanugid asaib gnay

( fitingoc upadA .) : utiay ,kutneb aud iaynupmem silutret set n

)a T . se / fitkeybuS E ,iass sata iridret : sabeB iassE iassE nad

T rutkurtsre

)b T . se O ,fitkeyb : sata iridret seT .)1( raneB – halaS

seT .)2( nakhodojneM

seT .)3( takgniS bawaJ

seT .)4( ipakgneleM / naisI

seT .)5( adnaG nahiliP : aynmacam gnay ,

(a .) nahiliP ipakgneleM

(b .) laH ratnA nagnubuH

(c .) adnaG nahiliP isaisosA

(d .) susaK nauajniT

(e .) rabmaG acabmeM

2 .) iassE seT narokesneP nad nasiluneP hadiaK

seT / fitkeybuS iassE : halada y set haubes ulremem gna -

atak naiaru uata nasahabmep apureb nabawaj nak - .atak

iric nupadA - ,nakiarU : atak nagned iuluhadid aynnaaynatrep iric

.ayniagabes nad naklupmis ,anamiagab ,apagnem ,naksalej

gnay rajaleb lisah iuhatekid tapad naka iassE seT nagneD

erak ,skelpmok rognem tapad kutnu awsis tutnunem ini set an -

naitregnep nakgnubuhgnem nad isaterpretnignem ,risinag -

ini kutneb set laos halmuJ .ikilimid halet gnay naitregnep

atar ,kaynab kadit aynasaib - .haub 01 .ds 5 : atar

32

sE seT nakiabeK s ia :

.)a ad hadum hibeL .aynnakpaisrepmem tapec hibel n

kutnu awsis adapek natapmesek kaynab irebmem kadiT .)b

gnutnu pakisreb - .isalukepsreb uata nagnutnu

tapadnep nakakumegnem inareb kutnu awsis gnorodneM .)c

.sugab gnay tamilak malad edi nusuynem atres

.)d nakaratugnem kutnu awsis adapek natapmesek irebmeM

.aynasahab ayag iauses sabeb nagned aynitah duskam

utaus imaladnem awsis anam huajes iuhatekid tapaD .)e

.nakijuid gnay halasam

nupadA K nagnaruke iassE seT halada :

ailer nad satidilav radaK .)a rakus anerak ,hadner aynsatilib

iges iuhatekid - gnay awsis nauhategnep irad anam iges

raneb - .iasaukid halet raneb

erper gnaruk akam ,tikides aynah gnay halmuj aneraK .)b -

.narajalebmep iretam hurules padahret fitatnes

ihuragnepid gnires askiremem araC .)c rusnu helo - rusnu

.) kimedaka non rotkaf ( fitkeybus

mitrep nakhutubmem babes tilus hibel aynnaaskiremeP .)d -

.kaynab hibel gnay laudividni nagnab

tapad kadit nad amal hibel ayniskerok kutnu utkaW .)e

naklikawid .nial gnaro adapek

: utiay , kutneb ) aud ( 2 iaynupmem iassE seT

sabeB iassE .)a nagned bawajid tapad aynnaaynatrep akij :

nupuam tapadnep nakakumegnem malad kiab ,sabeb

.aynnatakednep

rutkurtsreB iassE .)b surah aynnaaynatrep akiJ : bawajid

satab malad - naaynatrep malad tarusret halet gnay satab -

.iridnes uti ayn

42

sabeB iassE seT : tapet nem kutnu g : naupmamek isaulave

,naklisahgneM .)a ,nusuynem aynem nad t edi naka .

iduts gnadib iagabreb rajaleb lisah nakudameM .)b .

kutneb asayakereM .)c - linisiro kutneb .

edi utaus ialin isualavegneM .)d .

rutkurtsreB iassE seT : lavegnem kutnu tapet hibel u lisah isa

naupmamek apureb gnay rajaleb - : naupmamek

a .) babes nagnubuh naksalejneM - tabika .

b .) snirp isakilpa naksikuleM pi - pisnirp .

c .) naveler gnay isatnemugra nakujagneM .

d .) sisetopih naksumureM .

e .) nalupmisek naksumureM .

f .) ismusa naksumureM - ismusa .

g .) nasatabretek naksikuleM - atad nasatabretek .

h .) rudesorp & edotem naksalejneM .

i .) d .bs y gna tutnunem naupmamek ipakgnelem kutnu awsis

bawaj aynna .

iassE seT nasiluneP hadiaK : )a isataB . : aynnaiakamep aynaH akij kadit naksaumem akij

.fitkejbO set nagned isaulaveid )b naksumuR . aynnaaynatrep naikimedes apur aggnihes

upmam T iauses rajaleb lisah rukugnem nauju I kurtsn -

lanois narajalebmeP / K ) KPT / KIT ( susuh .

halnusuS .)c tamilak paites ritub laos set kiab nagned iasse

nakukalid aynsurahes gnay apa salej aggnihes raneb nad

rubak nagnaJ ( .itset gnay ) risfat halas naklubminem tapad .

d .) ikrep nakkujnuT nakulrepid gnay utkaw naar .

e .) akradniH ,nahilip laos naanuggnep n 01 irad 5 halhiliP :lasiM

! ini tukireb laos )nalidakaditek naktabikagnem tapad( .

52

f .) gnay halasam nasumur nakapurem aynkadneh ritub paiteS

itsap nad kifiseps .

g .) reb sugilakes taubid aynnabawaj icnuK laos amas .

h .) : aynnarakusek takgnit nagnidnabreP

haduM : S gnade : S raku = %03 : %05 : %02

i .) hadum gnay irad turu nususiD ujunem ek gnay rakus .

iassE seT naroksneP hadiaK : a .) aynnabawaj raseb sirag nakpais uluhad hibelreT .

b .) et gnay edotem hiliP tap .ayneroks nairebmep

c .) rotkaf inagnanem arac nakpateT - naveler kadit gnay rotkaf

d .) mulebes amas gnay laos adap nabawaj aumes halisaulavE

aynnial gnay laos ek hadnip .

e .) itset satitnedi tahilem nagnaJ .

f .) nakajreK :susuhk nagnitnepek kutnU / halroks helo aud

gnaro uata hibel

fitkeybO seT narokesneP nad nasiluneP hadiaK .)3 fitkeybO seT tapad aynnaaskiremep malad gnay set halada

utkaw adap nad nupapais helo fitkeybo araces nakukalid

set aynlah itrepeS .aynnaanaskalep nupnapak set ,iasse

.nahamelek nad nakiabek iaynupmem aguj ini fitkeybo

seT nakiabeK fitkeybO :

.)a iges kaynab hibel gnudnagneM - : aynlasim ,fitisop iges

lebmep nahab saul nad isi ilikawem fitatneserper hibel -

rupmac iradnihid tapad ,fitkeybo hibel ,naraja rusnu nagnat -

.fitkeybus rusnu

tapad anerak ,aynnaaskiremep tapec nad hadum hibeL .)b

.ujam igolonket nagned nakhab set icnuk nakanuggnem

.nial gnaro naklikawid tapad aynnaaskiremeP .)c

bus rusnu huragnep ada kadit naaskiremep malaD .)d . fitkey

62

eK nahamel seT fitkeybO :

.)a .iasse set gnidnabid tilus hibel huaj aynnapaisreP

.)b .iggnit hibel gnajnej rajaleb lisah ialinem kutnu akij hasuS

.)c gnutnu niamreb awsis natapmesek kaynaB - nagnutnu .

.)d s ratna amas ajreK .akubret hibel set utkawes awsi

raneB : utiay ,kutneb aparebeb iaynupmem fitkeybo seT - ,halaS

.adnaG nahiliP nad ,ipakgneleM ,takgniS bawaJ ,nakhodojneM

.)a raneB kutneB – halaS ( eurT – eslaF ) nakanugid tapet :

amek rukugnem kutnu nedignem malad awsis naupm -

t d ,pisnirp ,atkaf naranebek nakisakifi na seb ayniaga .

raneB seT nasiluneP hadiaK – halaS :

.)1( naataynrep iradniH - mumu ulalret gnay naataynrep .

.)2( ”hemer“ ulalret gnay naataynrep nakradniH .

.)3( ynrep nakradniH .adnag fitagen naata

.)4( .skelpmok/rabel gnajnap gnay tamilak halnakradniH

.)5( igalapa( hibel uata edi aud nagnubaggnep nakradniH

rukugnem kutnu akij ilauceK .)adebreb aynnaranebek

.tabika babes nagnubuh namahamep

eP hadiaK naroksn raneB seT – halaS :

s ( akgna nakutnenem malaD rok e ) B kutneb set – S

: utiay ,arac aud nakanugid tapad

: ) adneD ( namukuH apnaT akiJ .)1(

= S R

eroks = S

( raneb gnay nabawaj halmuj = R thgiR )

( namukuH nagneD akiJ .)2( : ) adneD

= S R – W

eroks = S

( raneb gnay nabawaj halmuj = R thgiR )

( hals gnay nabawaj halmuj = W gnorW )

72

: nakhodojneM kutneB seT .)b iridret gnay set haubes halada

tas sata .nabawaj ires utas nad naataynrep/naaynatrep ires u

nagnasap naksilunem nad iracnem halada awsis saguT

.kococ gnilap gnay aynnabawaj nagned laos ritub paites

i seT awsis naupmamek isaulavegnem kutnu akij tapet in

sakifitnedignem malad i h aratna nagnubu aud lah uata .hibel

lasiM : O gnar nad K aynayra T laggna nad P aynawitsire halitsI nad D aynisinife

.bsd ,aynisgnuF nad nenopmoK amaN

nakhodojneM seT nasilunep hadiaK :

.kopmolek paites adap negomoh gnay iretam nakanuG .)1(

( nabawaj nanikgnumek halmuJ .)2( noitpo hibel surah )

nnalaosrep adap irad kaynab ( ay mets .)

kednep tamilak nagned nususid aynnabawaj nad laoS .)3( .

dajba turu aynkiabes nabawaj nanikgnumek nanusuS .)4( .

arac irasadnem gnay kujnutep nakireB .)5( - hodojnem arac -

.aynnabawaj nad laos aratna nak

: ipakgneleM nad bawaJ takgniS kutneB seT .)c halada set

nagned laos kutneb araces nabawaj hutub gnay naaynatrep

naataynrep uata ,takgnis ini kutneb seT .pakgnel muleb gnay

c lisah rukugnem kutnu koco fitaler gnay rajaleb anahredes .

nasiluneP hadiaK takgniS bawaJ seT :

)1( nakatayN . ritub - ritub laos naikimedes apur aggnihes

awajid pukuc b kifiseps nad takgnis araces .

)2( nagnaJ . itugnem p gnusgnal nakanug ipatet ,ukub irad

. urug asahab

)3( reP . ta yn aa n gnusgnal aynmumu hibel gnidnabid kiab

pakgnel hibel naataynrep .

)4( kutnU . bawajnem n apureb u nailakes nakkujnut : kirem

ti ikadnehekid gnay nabawaj ep .

82

naisI / takgniS bawaJ seT narokesneP hadiaK

(1 .) T aj icnuk silu aynnabaw

(2 .) halada ritub paites roks nanikgnumeK 0 nad 1

(3 .) rotkaf nakitahrepmem ulrep kadiT id nabawaj isi raul .

(4 .) itset satitnedi tahilem ulrep kadiT

(5 .) aneB nabawaJ halmuJ = rihkA rokS ( r = S R )

)d adnaG nahiliP fitkeybO seT laoS .

adA 5 )amil( kutneb ,adnag nahilip set : utiay

(1 .) nahilip ipakgneleM

(2 .) lah ratna nagnubuH

(3 .) susak nauajniT

(4 .) adnag nahilip isaisosA

(5 .) M kifarg acabme / rabmag .

asalejnep tukireB kutneb paites n :

.)1( nahiliP ipakgneleM :

.)a( pakgnelep nakapurem aynnahiliP .

.)b( ahiliP .nailaucekrep lah nakapurem aynn

.)c( aynnahiliP naaynatrep irad nabawaj nakapurem .

laH ratnA nagnubuH kutneB .)2( babeS( - tabikA : )

gnay ”nasala” nad ”naataynrep“ sata iridret ini kutneB

ak nagned nakgnubuhid S“ at babe ”

s naajregnep kujnutep aynasaiB eb iaga b ire tuk :

A. J ,raneb naataynrep aki tet raneb nasala a aynaudek ip

bes nagnubuh nakapurem kadit ab- .tabika

B. trep akiJ a ,raneb naayn aynaudek ipatet raneb nasala

babes nagnubuh nakapurem kadit - .tabika

C. ,raneb naataynrep akiJ .halas nasala

D. ,halas naaynatrep akiJ nasala .raneb

E. ,halas naaynatrep akiJ .halas nasala

92

.)3( susaK nauajniT kutneB adnaG nahiliP gnay laos utiay :

imahafid surah gnay )naacab( sket nagned ipakgnelid

.laos bawajnem mulebes awsis helo

.)4( hiliP seT a adnaG n : rabmaG acabmeM kutneB laos utiay

gnay rabmag adap nakrasadid aynnabawaj gnay nahilip

.utnetret edok/idnas nagned nakirebid

)5( : adnaG nahiliP isaisosA . adaP kutneb ini gnay nahilip

.raneb gnay utas irad hibel nikgnum nakaidesid

aynnaajregnep kujnutep aynasaiB : halada

laos kutnU - : halhilip ini hawab id laos

A. J raneb ) 3 ( nad ) 2 ( ,) 1 ( aki

B. J raneb ) 3 ( nad ) 1 ( aki

C. J raneb ) 4 ( nad ) 2 ( aki

D. J raneb gnay ) 4 ( aynah aki

E. J raneb aynaumes aki

: adnaG nahiliP seT nasiluneP hadiaK

(1 .) aynkadneh laos paiteS apureb halasam utaus nasumur .

(2 .) nalaosrep gnudnagnem asaret aynkadneh laos kokoP

kaynabes gnay - iretam isireb aynah ipatet ,aynkaynab

naveler gnay .

(3 .) itaH - fitagen tamilak nakanuggnem itah .

.)4( asahab atat araces aynkadneh nabawaj fitanretla paiteS

: laos kokop nagned netsisnok

)5( . luteb gnay bawaj fitanretla utas ada aynaH

)adnaG nahiliP isaisosA aynkutneb akij ilaucek( .

)6( . aumeS fitanretla aynkadneh oh ,negom icnuk aynitra

aynabawaj .lojnonem nagnaj )7( . iradniH tafis - tafis fitaisosa aratna kokop laos nagned

a nabawaj fitanretl .

)8( . itaH - itah ( iradnih ) naaideynep nahilip nagned atak

,’’nuputas kadit’‘ a uat ’’raneb aumes’’ .

03

K hadia P naroksne T se P nahili G adna :

nakabet rotkaf nakgnutihrepmem kadit akiJ :

= S R

nakabet rotkaf nakgnutihrepmem akiJ :

W = S R – -

n – 1 S = eroks

R = raneb nabawaj halmuj

W = halas nabawaj halmuj

n = fitanretla halmuj nahilip / laos ritub pait

K .)4 isi -K isi S .lao d aynpakgneles laos mulebeS ,siluti ulrep uluhad hibelret

isik nususid - isik ( tuO yaL ,laos ) gnay ratfad haubes utiay

:itupilem gnay nasahab kokop )poks( napukac naka ,isaulaveid

kepsa - ,rukuid gnay lautkeletni kepsa /kutneb ,laos sinej takgnit

,narakusek gnisam esatnesorp - gnisam tneb /ku ,laos sinej

ir n ,nasahab kokop pait laos halmuj naic d ayniagabes na .

isiK tamroF / kutneB nupadA – rutaid tapad laoS isik

isiK gnitnep gnay ,halokes / urug helo iridnes - taumem uti isik

lah - : ini tukireb gnitnep lah

apateneP .)a nasahab kokop/iretam gnatnet )napukac( epoks n

.isaulaveid naka gnay

kepsa nautneneP .)b - malad rukuid naka gnay lautkeletni kepsa

kiab ,laos paites fitingoc nupuam ,kirotomokisp , fitkeffa .

uata fitkeybo uata iasse hakapa ,laos sinej nautneneP .)c

mok halmuj esatnesorp sugilakes aynaudek aratna isanib

.aynkutneb paites

taubid laos aynasaib ,laos narakusek takgnit naicnireP .)d

nabrep nagned rakus nad ,gnades ,hadum : tamrof nagned -

.% 02 : % 05 : % 03 = rakus : gnades : hadum :nagnid

13

nir nupadA hanar nagnidnabrep naic fitingoc - : aynasaib ,ayn

) % 03 ( haduM % 03 = nauhategneP : 1C

% 52 = namahameP : 2C

% 52 = napareneP : 3C

% 01 = sisilanA : 4C

) % 02 ( rakuS % 5 = sisetsiS : 5C

avE : 6C % 5 = isaul

naicnir nupuam nahurulesek utkaw ,naiju utkaw nautneneP .)e

gnisam kutnu utkaw - .nasahab kokop gnisam

.nasahab kokop paites kutnu laos halmuj nautneneP .)f

hakgnal ayntujnaleS - nusuynem malad ulrep gnay hakgnal

lunem uata : halada ,laos si

: laos halmuj nakanacnereM .)a

.)naiju( akum patat utkaw isakola nakutneneM .)1(

nagned iauses laos halmuj esatnesorp nakutneneM .)2(

.)naiju( akum patat utkaw isakola

3( kutneb turunem laos halmuj esatnesrep nakutneneM .) set .

4( . aidesret gnay utkaw nagned laos halmuj naiauseyneP .)

5( . nahurulesek araces laos halmuj nakutneneM .)

6( kutnu laos halmuj nakutneneM .) set kutneb paites .

7( .) laos halmuj nakutneneM iauses narakusek takgnit .ayn

8( nakutneneM .) laos halmuj krasadreb na kepsa esatnesrep

tni e ( lautkel nemele - niamod malad nemele ).

b) isik tamrof isigneM . - yal( isik - .naiju laos )tuo

ritub adap laos halmuj naanacnerep lisaH .)a nakkusamid

okgnalb malad )tamrof( isik - naiju laos isik .

.)c b nasiluneP laos ritu

isik anacner nakrasadreB - ,taubid halet gnay naiju laos isik

ritub silunem halialum - .isaulave kutnu laos ritub

) % 05 ( gnadeS

23

isik tamrof hotnoc utas halas halada tukireB - : naiju laos isik

K isi -K isi S lao U naij

M ata narajaleP ……………………… : : seT sineJ )tinem … ( iassE ; tinem …. : utkaw latoT .) tinem ... ( : fitkeybO

oN

rukuid gnay napukaC kepsA lautkeletnI nakA gnay

rukuiD

takgniT narakuseK

laoS

seT sineJ

kokoP nasahaB

kipoT ( )

esatnesorP halmuJ

laoS

fitkeybuS fitkeybO

iassE)%53(

GP)%04(

GPA)%52( halmuJ

.1 .............. 03 %

natagnI .1 DM . 3 . .

namahameP .2 DS . . . .

napareneP .3 DS . 2 . .

sisilanA .4 KS . . . .

sisetniS .5 KS . . . .

isaulavE .6 KS . . . .

.2 .......... …… %

natagnI .1 DM . . . .

namahameP .2 DS . 2 . .

napareneP .3 DS . . 1 .

sisilanA .4 KS 1 . . .



.3 ............ .…… %



napareneP .3 DS . . . .




.4 ............ .…… %



napareneP .3 DS . . . .




LATOT ......... ............ .....

nagnareteK rakuS = KS ;gnadeS = DS ;haduM = DM:

PA ;adnaG nahiliP = GP G adnaG nahiliP isaisosA =

33

.c namukgnaR 2 : okesneP nad nasiluneP hadiaK silutreT seT nar

: utiay ,kutneb aud iaynupmem silutret seT .)1

,iassE / fitkeybuS seT .)a sata iridret : sabeB iassE iassE nad

T rutkurtsre

,fitkeybO seT .)b : sata iridret seT .)1( raneB – halaS

seT .)2( khodojneM na

seT .)3( takgniS bawaJ

seT .)4( ipakgneleM / naisI

seT .)5( adnaG nahiliP : aynmacam gnay ,

(a .) nahiliP ipakgneleM

(b .) laH ratnA nagnubuH

(c .) adnaG nahiliP isaisosA

(d .) susaK nauajniT

(e .) rabmaG acabmeM

gnisaM .)2 - ukek nad naluggnuek iaynupmem set kutneb gnisam -

.aynnial gnay nagned utas aratna nagnar

.)3 iridnes naanugek natapetek iaynupmem set kutneb paiteS -

.iridnes

.)4 set kutneb paites igab narokesnep nad nasilunep hadiak adA

.kiab gnay laos naknigniid akij ,tubesret

es adap rokS nautnenep malaD .)5 nakukalid asib laos kutneb pait

nakgnutihrepmem nagned aguj asib ,)adned( namukuh apnat

.halas gnay nabawaj padahret )adned( namukuh

surah uluhad hibelret ,aynpakgneles laos silunem mulebeS .)6

isik taubid - ( laos isik tuo yal autnetek taumem gnay ) ,utkaw :n

lautkeletni kepsa ,nasahab kokop ,laos halmuj nad kutneb

.aynnarakusek takgnit esatnesorp nad rukuid gnay

43

.d : 2 saguT

kutnu silutret set laos kutneb paites adap laos hotnoc haltauB

agned ,nisneB rotoM narajalep atam : nautnetek n

.)1 laos 1 : sabeB iassE seT

laos 1 : rutkurtsreT iasse seT .)2

raneB seT .)3 – laos 5 : halaS

laoS 3 : ipakgneleM seT .)4

laos 5 : nakhodojneM seT .)5

laos 3 : takgniS bawaJ seT .)6

laos 3 : )naisI( ipakgneleM seT .)7

adnaG nahiliP seT .)8 , paites macam .laos 1 :

e . fitamroF seT 2 : nakadebid tapad silutret set raseb sirag araceS .)1 aud idajnem

naicnir nagned tubesret kutneb audek naktubes ,kutneb

gnisam - ! gnisam

iasse set kutneb nagnarukek nad naluggnuek halnaktubeS .)2

.fitkeybo set nupuam

. iasse set naroksnep nad nasilunep hadiak halsiluT .)3

ep hadiak halsiluT .)4 kutneb fitkeybo set naroksnep nad nasilun

.adnag nahilip

isik duskamid gnay hakapA .)5 - ! naksalej ,uti laos isik

! naktubes ,silutret set laos nasilunep naturu hakanamiagaB .)6

.f fitamroF seT bawaJ icnuK 2 : : utiay ,kutneb aud iaynupmem silutret seT .)1

,iassE / fitkeybuS seT .)a sata iridret : sabeB iassE nad

T iassE rutkurtsre ,fitkeybO seT .)b : sata iridret

seT .)1( raneB – halaS . seT .)4( / naisI ipakgneleM seT .)2( nakhodojneM . seT .)5( adnaG nahiliP . seT .)3( takgniS bawaJ .

53

.)2 eK luggnu sE seT na s ia :

.)a .aynnakpaisrepmem tapec hibel nad hadum hibeL


gnutnu pakisreb - nagnutnu .isalukepsreb uata

tapadnep nakakumegnem inareb kutnu awsis gnorodneM .)c

.sugab gnay tamilak malad edi nusuynem atres

nakaratugnem kutnu awsis adapek natapmesek irebmeM .)d


d tapaD .)e utaus imaladnem awsis anam huajes iuhateki



rakus anerak ,hadner aynsatilibailer nad satidilav radaK .)a

iges iuhatekid - gnay awsis nauhategnep irad anam iges

raneb - .iasaukid halet raneb

.)b erper gnaruk akam ,tikides aynah gnay halmuj aneraK -

.narajalebmep iretam hurules padahret fitatnes

rusnu helo ihuragnepid gnires askiremem araC .)c - rusnu

.) kimedaka non rotkaf ( fitkeybus

mitrep nakhutubmem babes tilus hibel aynnaaskiremeP .)d -

.kaynab hibel gnay laudividni nagnab

tapad kadit nad amal hibel ayniskerok kutnu utkaW .)e

.nial gnaro adapek naklikawid

seT nakiabeK fitkeybO :

.)a iges kaynab hibel gnudnagneM - : aynlasim ,fitisop iges

ibel lebmep nahab saul nad isi ilikawem fitatneserper h -

rusnu nagnat rupmac iradnihid tapad ,fitkeybo hibel ,naraja -

.fitkeybus rusnu

tapad anerak ,aynnaaskiremep tapec nad hadum hibeL .)b

.ujam igolonket nagned nakhab set icnuk nakanuggnem

aynnaaskiremeP .)c .nial gnaro naklikawid tapad

. fitkeybus rusnu huragnep ada kadit naaskiremep malaD .)d

63



.)b .iggnit hibel gnajnej rajaleb lisah ialinem kutnu akij hasuS


.)d .akubret hibel set utkawes awsis ratna amas ajreK

.)3 iassE seT nasiluneP hadiaK : )a isataB . : aynnaiakamep aynaH akij kadit naksaumem akij

ejbO set nagned isaulaveid .fitk )b naksumuR . aynnaaynatrep naikimedes apur aggnihes

upmam T iauses rajaleb lisah rukugnem nauju I kurtsn -

narajalebmeP / lanois K ) KPT / KIT ( susuh .

halnusuS .)c tamilak paites ritub laos set kiab nagned iasse

nad nakukalid aynsurahes gnay apa salej aggnihes raneb

rubak nagnaJ ( .itset gnay ) risfat halas naklubminem tapad .

.)d nakulrepid gnay utkaw naarikrep nakkujnuT .

.)e akradniH ,nahilip laos naanuggnep n 01 irad 5 halhiliP :lasiM

kireb laos ! ini tu )nalidakaditek naktabikagnem tapad( .

.)f gnay halasam nasumur nakapurem aynkadneh ritub paiteS


.)g laos amasreb sugilakes taubid aynnabawaj icnuK .

.)h : aynnarakusek takgnit nagnidnabreP

duM ha : S gnade : S raku = %03 : %05 : %02

.)i hadum gnay irad turu nususiD ujunem ek gnay rakus .

iassE seT naroksneP hadiaK : a .) aynnabawaj raseb sirag nakpais uluhad hibelreT .

b .) tapet gnay edotem hiliP .ayneroks nairebmep

c .) c nakpateT rotkaf inagnanem ara - naveler kadit gnay rotkaf

d .) mulebes amas gnay laos adap nabawaj aumes halisaulavE


73

e .) itset satitnedi tahilem nagnaJ .

f .) nakajreK :susuhk nagnitnepek kutnU / halroks helo aud

uata gnaro hibel

4 .) : adnaG nahiliP seT nasiluneP hadiaK

a .) aynkadneh laos paiteS apureb halasam utaus nasumur .

b .) nalaosrep gnudnagnem asaret aynkadneh laos kokoP

kaynabes gnay - iretam isireb aynah ipatet ,aynkaynab

naveler gnay .

c .) itaH - .fitagen tamilak nakanuggnem itah

.)d eS asahab atat araces aynkadneh nabawaj fitanretla pait

: laos kokop nagned netsisnok

)e . luteb gnay bawaj fitanretla utas ada aynaH

)adnaG nahiliP isaisosA aynkutneb akij ilaucek( .

.)f aumeS fitanretla aynkadneh ,negomoh aynitra icnuk

aynabawaj .lojnonem nagnaj )g . iradniH tafis - tafis fitaisosa aratna kokop laos nagned


)h . itaH - itah ( iradnih ) naaideynep nahilip nagned atak

,’’nuputas kadit’‘ uata s’’ ’’raneb aume .


nakabet rotkaf nakgnutihrepmem kadit akiJ :

= S R


R – W = S -

n – 1 S = eroks

R = raneb nabawaj halmuj



83

.)5 K isi - isik ,laos utiay haubes ratfad gnay itupilem : napukac

ahab kokop gnay nas naka ,isaulaveid kepsa - lautkeletni kepsa

,rukuid gnay /kutneb ,laos sinej ,narakusek takgnit esatnesorp

gnisam - gnisam / kutneb ,laos sinej ir n pait laos halmuj naic

,nasahab kokop d nakapurem aynhurules gnay ayniagabes na

acnerep mumu araces narabmag .naiju/set haubes naan

isik tamrof gnatnet nupadA - adapek nakharesid laos isik

gnisam urug kopmolek uata urug - agabmel/halokes gnisam

.nakididnep

mem naka urug gnaroes akitek nakukalid ulrep gnay naturU .)6 -

laos taub : naiju / set

: itupilem ,laos halmuj nakanacnereM .)a

.)naiju( akum patat utkaw isakola nakutneneM .)1(

nagned iauses laos halmuj esatnesorp nakutneneM .)2(

.)naiju( akum patat utkaw isakola

3( kutneb turunem laos halmuj esatnesrep nakutneneM .) t se .

4( . aidesret gnay utkaw nagned laos halmuj naiauseyneP .)

5( . nahurulesek araces laos halmuj nakutneneM .)

6( kutnu laos halmuj nakutneneM .) set kutneb paites .

7( .) laos halmuj nakutneneM iauses narakusek takgnit .ayn

8( nakutneneM .) laos halmuj sadreb nakra kepsa esatnesrep

tni e ( lautkel nemele - niamod malad nemele ).

b) isik tamrof isigneM . - ( isik yal - tuo .naiju laos )

ritub adap laos halmuj naanacnerep lisaH .)a nakkusamid

okgnalb malad )tamrof( isik - naiju laos isik isik tamrof ( - isik

ad laos .) urug helo iridnes nakgnabmekid tap

.)c laos ritub nasiluneP

isik anacner nakrasadreB - ,taubid halet gnay naiju laos isik

ritub silunem halialum - .isaulave kutnu laos ritub

93

3 . rajaleB nataigeK 3 : silutreT seT laoS rituB sisilanA

rajaleB nataigeK naujuT .a 3 : kutnu arac macam )tapme( 4 naktubeynem tapad awsisahaM .)1

.set haubes satilauk iuhategnem

laos ritub sisilana naitregnep naksalejnem tapad awsisahaM .)2

silana aynnakukalid taafnam naktubeynem tapad awsisahaM .)3 si

.laos ritub

macam naktubeynem tapad awsisahaM .)4 - ritub sisilana macam

gnisam naitregnep naksalejnem nad laos - .gnisam

,silutret set laos ritub sisilana nakukalem tapad awsisahaM .)5

.fitkeybo kutneb set amaturet

iretaM naiarU .b 3 : nA silutreT seT laoS rituB sisila .

utas halas nakapurem laos ritub sisilanA arac ) tapme ( 4 irad

araces tubesret arac tapmeeK .set haubes satilauk ialinem kutnu

: tukireb iagabes naksalejid tapad takgnis

.)1 amatrep araC em nalaj nagned , laos rujuj araces itilen - laos

aynkadit ada nagnaretek itupilem gnay silutid hadus gnay

nial nad ,narakusek farat ,hatnirep nasalejkaditek - gnatnet nial

aynasaib ini amatrep arac adaP .aymumu adap laos naadaek

naaynatrep nagned uajnitid tapad - : naaynatrep

hadus kipot paites kutnu laos aynkaynab hakapA .)a

KIT padahret )lanoisroporp( gnabmies - ? ayn

halet gnay nahab nakaynanem aynah laos aumes hakapA .)b

? nakrajaid

atrep nakapurem kadit nususid gnay laos aumes hakapA .)c -

em gnay naayn ? nakrisfathalasid tapad / nakgnugnibm

? itregnemid hadum nususid gnay laos hakapA .)d

raseb naigabes helo nakajrekid tapad uti laos hakapA .)e

? awsis

04

.)2 audek araC nakadagnem halada , laoS rituB sisilanA ( meti

sisylana rudesorp utiay ,) iuhategnem kutnu sitametsis gnay

.taubid gnay set gnatnet ) mumu narabmag ( isamrofni

.)3 agitek araC nakadagnem halada , gnikcehc amaturet ,satidilav

( relukiruk satidilav utiay ytidilav tnetnoc .)

.)4 tapmeek araC nakadagnem halada , gnikcehc satilibailer

.tubesret laos adebmep ayad tahilem nagned utiay amaturet

ini ludom adap sahabid naka gnay sata id arac tapmeek iraD

hibel nupini nad ,laoS rituB sisilanA utiay ,audek arac halaynah

anerak ,fitkeybO seT laoS rituB sisilanA adap naktarebkititid

: aynaratna id ,libmaid tapad gnay taafnam kaynab

ritub isakifitnedignem kutnu atik utnabmem tapaD .)1 - laos ritub

.kiab gnaruk uata kelej gnay

kutnu nakanugid tapad naka gnay isamrofni helorepmeM .)2

laos nakanrupmeynem - agnitnepek kutnu laos .tujnal hibel n

/ naadaek gnatnet salikes araces narabmag helorepmeM .)3

.taubid halet gnay laos satilauk

2 adA ) aud ( : utiay ,laos ritub sisilana macam

.)1 sisilanA lanoisaR a utiay : sisilan ritub padahret - aos ritub l

oisar nagnabmitrep adap nakrasadnem aynah gnay nad

aboc iju apnat . adaP lanoisaR sisilanA ini iakapid gnay

halada laos utaus aynkadit kiab nakutnenem kutnu nauca

susuhK lanoskurtsnI naujuT nagned laos naiausesek takgnit

( KIT siraG nad ) - orP raseB sirag narajagneP marg ( PPBG ) .

sarales laos isi akij utiay lanoisar araces kiab gnay laoS

) iauses ( nad KIT nagned naveler .PPBG nagned

.)2 siripmE sisilanA a utiay : sisilan nagned laos ritub padahret

naruku nakrasadreb - boc iju lisah kitsitats naruku a padahret

.natukgnasreb gnay laos

14

ini sisilana adaP , .nakabocijuid ulrep uluhad hibelret laos

: ruku kolot nagned rukuid laos nakiabeK

.)a laos ritub ) KT ( narakuseK takgniT

.)b laos ritub ) PD ( adebmeP ayaD

.)c nakitahrepmem ulrep aguj : adnag nahilip set laos susuhK

rotkartsiD satifitkefE .

adap ruku kolot paites takgnis nasalejnep halada ini tukireB

.tubesret siripme sisilana

.)a narakuseK takgniT :

alada kiab gnay laoS hadum ulalret kadit gnay laos h

kadit hadum ulalret gnay laoS .rakus ulalret kadit aguj nad

ahasu iggnitrepmem kutnu awsis isavitom irebmem

naka rakus ulalret gnay laos aynkilabes ,aynrajaleb

isavitomret kadit nad asa sutup hadum awsis nakbabeynem

rajaleb .aynnaupmamek nauakgnaj raul id anerak ,

haubes aynrakus hadum nakkujnunem gnay akgnA

.narakuseK takgniT aman nagned lanekid laos

airetirK rakuS : akij ,0 irad gnaruK = KT 03

gnadeS akij ,0 = KT 03 – ,0 07

haduM akij 7,0 irad hibeL = KT 0

.)1( iassE seT narakuseK takgniT :

esatnesorp / isroporp nakrasadreb gnutihiD set atresep

.raneb bawajnem gnay )itset(

N / B = KT : sumuR

almuj = B raneb bawajnem gnay set atresep h

set atresep hurules halmuj = S

.)2( fitkeybO seT narakuseK takgniT :

: sumur nagned gnutihiD

aB + uB = KT

aN + uN

24

uB = raneb gnay luggnu kopmolek halmuj

aB = kopmolek adap itset halmuj rosa raneb gnay

uN = aN = muj l rosa / luggnu kopmolek adap itset ha

N x % 72 = aN = uN : libmaid aynasaiB

N ( = ) itset hurules halmuj

hotnoC bawajnem gnay ataynret itset gnaro 03 iraD :

ritub adap raneb romon laos X irad : halada

luggnu kopmolek = gnaro 6 nad kopmolek irad

rosa = gnaro 1

romon laos ritub narakuseK takgniT itrareB X tubesret

: halada

1 + 6 uB = ; 6 aB = 1 = KT uN = aN = 8 = 03 x % 72

8 + 8

= 44,0

romon laos ritub idaJ X takgnit iaynupmem tubesret

narakusek = gnades

romon laoS ( X ) iakapid tapad :

.)b adebmeP ayaD :

gnay itset nakadebmem kutnu laos naupmamek utiaY

gnamem akij ( hodob nad gnades ,iadnap naupmamek

.) adebreb aynranebes

.)1( adebmeP ayaD laoS ) PD ( : iassE seT

iju nagned gnutihiD - isnakifingis ijugnem utiay ,t

naadebrep roks atar - lek atar kopmo ( luggnu ) uX

atar roks nagned - ( rosa kopmolek atar aX .)

uX – aX sumuR t = -

uS ( 2 uN / aS + 2 ) aN/

34

uS = olek roks ukab gnapmis luggnu kopm

aS = rosa kopmolek ukab gnapmis

( X)2 S = X 2 – - n ( – ) 1 n

-

maL ( = rotaluclaC adap S gnab n –1 )

t ayntujnaleS gnutih t nagned nakgnidnabid tubesret lebat ,

nagned uN( = kd – aN( + )1 – )1 akij lebat t > gnutih t

naadebrep itrareb uX nagned aX .nakifingis

: uatA adebmeP ayaD tubesret laos kiab aggnihes laos

.iakapid tapad natukgnasreb gnay

iasse set PD nagnutihreP hotnoC :

1 remon laos ritub kutnu roks helorepid itset 03 iraD

.bbs rosa nad luggnu kopmolek adap

luggnU itseT rokS rosA itseT rokS

ubA 4 opsuP 3 irsaB 4 bajaR 3

otpiC 4 raT ot 2 inoD 4 miraK 2 hadnE 3 kiliL 2

irtiF 2 inraW 2 iniG 2 kuyaY 1 nesuH 1 ilfikluZ 1 halmuJ 42 61

atad iraD t tubesre d helorepi :

uX = 8/42 = 00,3 ; = aX = 8/61 ,2 00 = uS 591,1 = aS 57,0 6 N = u 8 N = a 8

00,3 – 00,2

seh gni ga = t = 2,0 0 591,1( 2 )8 / + ( 57,0 62 ) 8 / )

44

D ,t lebat ira kutnu 41 = kd nad 50,0 = helorepid

67,1 = t akam t gnutih t lebat atar naadebrep itrareB - atar

tubesret roks s nakifingi t adap isakifingis takgni 0, 59 ( PD

set ritub tubesret kiab )

laoS tubesret d .tujnal hibel iakapid tapa

)2( fitkeybO seT adebmeP ayaD .

uB – aB

= PD : sumuR -

½ )aN + uN(

kiaB : airetirK ilakeS PD akij : = ,0 7 0 – 1, 00

kiaB PD akij : = ,0 4 0 – ,0 69

pukuC ,0 = PD akij : 2 0 – ,0 93

keleJ PD akij : = ,0 0 0 – ,0 91

PD gnay laoS - kiaB ayn kiaB / ilakeS iakapid tapad :

pukuC ikiabrepid ulrep :

keleJ itnag id surah :

hotnoC haubes nakajregnem gnay awsis gnaro 03 iraD :

tapad gnay ataynret adnag nahilip kutneb fitkeybo set

aynabes ada 1 romon laos raneb nagned bawajnem 5 k

kopmolek irad gnaro 2 nad luggnu kopmolek irad gnaro

laos adebmeP ayaD airetirk nakutnet nad gnutiH .rosa

besret 1 romon tu !

bawaJ iuhatekid tapad sata id laos nagnaretek iraD :

2 = aB ; 5 = uB : awhab

% 72 = aN = uN . = 03 8

: akaM

uB – 5 aB – 2 = PD - = = 83,0

) 8 + 8 ( ½ ) aN + uN ( ½

54

ayaD iaynupmem tubesret 1 romon laos ritub idaJ

: adebmeP “ pukuc , “ .ikiabrepid ulrep laos nad

c) : rotkartsiD sativitkefE .

rotkartsid nakaideynem gnay adnag nahilip sinej laos adaP

hocegnep( ) id ulrep aguj l .sisilana nakuka

:halada kiab gnay hocegnep airetirK

(1). atarem rabesreT .

(2). icnuk nagned piriM .

(3). D itset %5 laminim helo hilipi .

(4). halmuJ kopmolek rosa gnay aynhilimem hibel kaynab

abid .luggnu kopmolek halmuj gnidn

ritub sisilana margorp tekap aidesret hadus ini taaS laos

set fitkeybo nagned NAMETI uata SSPS / SPS retupmoC .

: 3 namukgnaR .c

adA .)1 : utiay ,set haubes satilauk ialinem kutnu arac ) tapme ( 4

.)a amatrep araC laos rujuj araces itilenem nalaj nagned , - laos


nial nad ,narakusek farat ,hatnirep nasalejkaditek - nial

os naadaek gnatnet aymumu adap la

.)b audek araC nakadagnem halada , laoS rituB sisilanA

( sisylana meti kutnu sitametsis gnay rudesorp utiay ,)

.taubid gnay set gnatnet mumu narabmag iuhategnem

.)c agitek araC nakadagnem halada , gnikcehc ,satidilav

v utiay amaturet ( relukiruk satidila ytidilav tnetnoc .)

.)d tapmeek araC nakadagnem halada , gnikcehc satilibailer


: utiay ,laos ritub sisilana macam ) aud ( 2 adA .)2

64

a utiay : lanoisaR sisilanA .)a ritub padahret sisilan - ritub

oisar nagnabmitrep adap nakrasadnem aynah gnay laos

iju apnat nad .aboc

b) siripmE sisilanA . a utiay : sisilan nagned laos ritub padahret

naruku nakrasadreb - aboc iju lisah kitsitats naruku

b gnay laos padahret .natukgnasre

k ,siripme sisilana adaP .)3 :ruku kolot nagned rukuid laos nakiabe

.)a laos ritub ) KT ( narakuseK takgniT

.)b laos ritub ) PD ( adebmeP ayaD


satifitkefE rotkartsiD .

.)4 iassE seT narakuseK takgniT : isroporp nakrasadreb gnutihiD

aynairetirk nupadA .raneb bawajnem gnay itset esatnesorp /

mas ini lah nupiksem ,naktubesid halet gnay nagned a

.fitaler ayntafis

.)5 fitkeybO seT narakuseK takgniT : : sumur nagned gnutihiD

uB = raneb gnay luggnu kopmolek halmuj

aB = kopmolek adap itset halmuj rosa raneb gnay

uN = aN = muj l rosa / luggnu kopmolek adap itset ha

N x % 72 = aN = uN : libmaid aynasaiB

N ( = halmuj ) itset hurules

6 .) adebmeP ayaD : nakadebmem kutnu laos naupmamek utiaY

gnamem akij ( hodob nad gnades ,iadnap gnay itset

naupmamek .) adebreb aynranebes

.)a iassE seT laoS ) PD ( adebmeP ayaD :

aB + uB = KT

aN + uN

74

iju nagned gnutihiD - em utiay ,t isnakifingis ijugn

naadebrep roks atar - kopmolek atar ( luggnu ) uX

atar roks nagned - ( rosa kopmolek atar aX .)

: halada t nakutnenem kutnu sumur nuapadA

uX – aX t = - uS ( 2 uN / aS + 2 ) aN/

uS = luggnu kopmolek roks ukab gnapmis

aS = rosa kopmolek ukab gnapmis

: sumur nakanugid S nakutnenem kutnU

( X)2 S = X 2 – - n ( – ) 1 n

-

= rotaluclaC adap S gnabmaL ( n –1 )

b .) bmeP ayaD fitkeybO seT ade

uB – aB : sumuR = PD -

)aN + uN( ½

airetirK akij : ilakeS kiaB : PD = 07,0 – 00,1

akij : kiaB PD = 04,0 – 96,0

akij : pukuC 02,0 = PD – 93,0

akij : keleJ PD = 00,0 – 91,0

PD gnay laoS - iakapid tapad : kiaB / ilakeS kiaB ayn

ikiabrepid ulrep : pukuC

itnag id surah : keleJ

7 .) adaP laos ulrep aguj )hocegnep( rotkartsid adnag nahilip

lid .sisilana nakuka :halada kiab gnay hocegnep airetirK

)a . atarem rabesreT .

84

)b . icnuk nagned piriM .

)c . D hilipi helo laminim %5 itset .

)d . halmuJ kopmolek rosa gnay aynhilimem hibel kaynab

.luggnu kopmolek halmuj gnidnabid : 3 saguT .d

5 nagned ) romon 01 ( adnaG nahiliP set laos hotnoc haltauB

helo itukiid gnay ,nisneB rotoM narajalepatam irad nahilip haub

naidumeK .aynnabawaj isubirtsid nagned pakgnel ,awsis gnaro 02

padahret sisilana halnakukal ritub - iapmas tubesret laos ritub

satifitkefE nad adebmeP ayaD ,narakuseK takgniT : helorepid

.aynrotkartsid

.e fitamrof seT 3 : adA .)1 kutnu arac macam )tapme( 4 haubes satilauk iuhategnem

ret arac tapmeek naksalej nad tubes ,set ! tubes

J .)2 naksale nagned duskamid gnay apa hal laos ritub sisilana ! uti

3 nagned libmaid tapad gnay taafnam hakajas apA .) nakukalid n ay

! naktubes ,laos ritub sisilana

nad naktubes aboc ,laos ritub sisilana macam )aud( 2 adA .)4

aksalej gnisam naitregnep n - ! gnisam

.)5 iraD 04 fitkeybo set haubes nakajregnem gnay awsis gnaro

adnag nahilip kutneb nabawaj nahilip 5 nagned gnay ataynret

romon laos raneb nagned bawajnem tapad 7 kaynabes ada 6

nad luggnu kopmolek irad gnaro 4 ro .rosa kopmolek irad gna

! tubesret 7 romon laos narakusek takgnit halgnutiH .)a

T .)b romon laos adebmeP ayaD airetirk nakutne 7 tubesret ,

aynisakilpmi anamiagab nad ?

mon laos bawaj icnuk akiJ .)c nad A halada tubesret 7 ro

2 kaynabes luggnu kopmolek irad B hilimem gnay ataynret

,gnaro 4 kaynabes rosa kopmolek irad nad gnaro

? uti B nahilip rotkartsid satifitkefe hakanamiagab

94

.f fitamroF seT bawaJ icnuK 3 :

.)1 adA : utiay ,set haubes satilauk ialinem kutnu arac ) tapme ( 4

.)a amatrep araC laos rujuj araces itilenem nalaj nagned , - laos


nial nad ,narakusek farat ,hatnirep nasalejkaditek - nial

net .aymumu adap laos naadaek gnat

.)b audek araC nakadagnem halada , sisilanA rituB laoS

( sisylana meti kutnu sitametsis gnay rudesorp utiay ,)

.taubid gnay set gnatnet mumu narabmag iuhategnem

.)c agitek araC nakadagnem halada , gnikcehc ,satidilav

( relukiruk satidilav utiay amaturet ytidilav tnetnoc .)

.)d tapmeek araC nakadagnem halada , gnikcehc satilibailer


.)2 laoS rituB sisilanA ( sisylana meti ametsis rudesorp utiay ,) -

kiab gnatnet mumu naadaek/narabmag iuhategnem kutnu sit

.set laos haubes aynkurub

.)3 : aynaratna id ,taafnam kaynab iaynupmem laoS rituB sisilanA

ritub isakifitnedignem utnabmem tapaD .)a - gnay laos ritub

.kiab gnaruk uata kelej

kutnu nakanugid naka gnay isamrofni helorepmeM .)b

laos nakanrupmeynem - .tujnal hibel nagnitnepek kutnu laos

naadaek gnatnet salikes araces narabmag helorepmeM .)c

.taubid halet gnay laos satilauk /

.)4 ( 2 adA ,laos ritub sisilana macam )aud : utiay

.)a lanoisaR sisilanA : a utiay sisilan ritub padahret - laos ritub

oisar nagnabmitrep adap nakrasadnem aynah gnay nad

aboc iju apnat .

b) . siripmE sisilanA a utiay : sisilan ed laos ritub padahret nagn

naruku nakrasadreb - aboc iju lisah kitsitats naruku ret -

.natukgnasreb gnay laos padah

k ,siripme sisilana adaP :ruku kolot nagned rukuid laos nakiabe

05

.)a laos ritub ) KT ( narakuseK takgniT .

.)b laos ritub ) PD ( adebmeP ayaD .



4 = aB ; 6 = uB ; 04 = N : iuhatekiD .)5

11 = 04 . % 72 = aN = uN

aB + uB 4 + 6 01 .)a = KT = = = 54,0 ) gnades (

aN + uN 22 11 + 11

uB – aB 6 – 2 4 .)b = PD - = = = 81,0

)aN + uN( ½ ( ½ 11 + 11 ) 11

“ = tubesret 7 romon laos adebmeP ayaD idaJ kelej ”

tubesret laos itrareB itnagid surah .

uJ .)c gnaro 6 = 4 + 2 = B rotkartsid hilimep halm

% 51 = 04/6 =

rosa kopmolek hilimeP > luggnu kopmolek hilimeP

mem tubesret B rotkartsid awhab nakatakid tapad akaM -

e iaynup .iakapid tapad patet akam ,kiab gnay satifitkef

15

III BAB ISAULAVE

naaynatreP .A

,narajalebmep isaulave irad takekah takgnis araces naksaleJ .)1

pisnirp ,narasas/pukgnil gnaur ,isgnuf ,naitregnep : itupilem - pisnirp

dnats nad ! aynnakanugid asaib gnay ra

nem nakadebid tapad silutret set raseb sirag araceS .)2 aj ,kutneb aud id

gnisam naicnir nagned tubesret kutneb audek naktubes - gnisam

audek nagnarukek nad naluggnuek halnaktubes naidumek

! tubesret kutneb

adiak halsiluT .)3 ! iasse set naroksnep nad nasilunep h

kutneb fitkeybo set naroksnep nad nasilunep hadiak halsiluT .)4

! adnag nahilip

nagned ialinid tapad set haubes satilauK .)5 arac macam )tapme( 4 ,

! tubesret arac tapmeek naksalej nad tubes

6 aud( 2 adA .) sisilana macam ) nad naktubes aboc ,laos ritub

gnisam naitregnep naksalej - ! gnisam

halitsi nagned duskamid gnay apa naksaleJ .)7 - ,ini tukireb halitsi

gnisam - ! aynairetirk namodep nagned ipakgnel gnisam

.narakuseK takgniT .)a

.adebmeP ayaD .)b

rotkartsiD satifitkefE .)c

S .)8 adnag nahilip kutneb fitkeybo set haube ,nahilip haub 5 nagned

helo nakajrekid 08 awsis gnaro . T bawajnem tapad gnay ataynre

romon laos raneb nagned 02 kaynabes ada 51 irad gnaro

lek nad luggnu kopmo 01 .rosa kopmolek irad gnaro

! tubesret 02 romon laos narakusek takgnit halgnutiH .)a

T .)b romon laos adebmeP ayaD airetirk nakutne 02 tubesret nad ,

aynisakilpmi anamiagab ?

25

nabawaJ icnuK .B

.)1 isaulavE narajalebmeP p halada isamrofni naktapadnem sesor




epek igab kiab ,isgnuf kaynab narajalebmep isaulavE nagnitn

: nakididnep agabmel igab nupuam urug igab ,awsis

.)a isaulavE isgnuF b narajalebmeP :awsiS iga

(1). aynrajaleb naujamek iuhategnem kutnU (2). rajaleb nagnorod nakirebmem kutnU (3). rajaleb namalagnep nakirebmem kutnU

.)b saulavE isgnuF uruG igab i :

(1). kutnU awsis iskeleynem .lisahrebek lamarem nad (2). kutnU babes iuhategnem - awsis rajaleb natilusek babes

nad nagnibmib irebmem . (3). kutnU rajaleb malad namodep irebmem . (4). kutnU nem edotem natapetek iuhategnem rajag .

(5). kutnU nakkududnem awsis dalam salek takgnit iauses .aynnaiadnapek


(1). kutnU nakididnep utum radnats naknahatrepmem . (2). kutnU ruk natapetek ialinem muluki . (3). kutnU halokes naujamek ialinem .

isaulavE narajalebmeP tapad gnay narasas iaynupmem

m nenopmok aumes itupile utiay ,narajalebmep sesorp nupuam

d awsis rajaleb lisah ala m relukirukartni , ok - relukiruk nad

ukirukartske rel .

E isaulav narajalebmep iaynupmem pisnirp - pisnirp : huruleyneM ,

nagnubmanisekreB , fitkeybO , fitkeybO , baileR el , nad fitakudE .

gnay ,aynnaulrepek nagned iauses radnats macam agit adA

saulave malad nakanugid asaib : utiay ,narajalebmep i

.)a kaltuM radnatS nakotaP naucA naialineP uata ( PAP ).

.)b radnatS fitaleR amroN naucA naialineP uata ( AP N ) . .)c radnatS .iridneS awsiS naupmameK

35

: utiay ,kutneb aud iaynupmem silutret seT .)2

,iassE / fitkeybuS seT .)a sata iridret : sabeB iassE iassE nadT rutkurtsre

,fitkeybO seT .)b : sata iridret seT .)1( raneB – halaS . seT .)4( ipakgneleM / naisI seT .)2( nakhodojneM . seT .)5( adnaG nahiliP . seT .)3( takgniS bawaJ .

eK luggnu sE seT na s ia :

.)a .aynnakpaisrepmem tapec hibel nad hadum hibeL


gnutnu pakisreb - psreb uata nagnutnu .isaluke

atres tapadnep nakakumegnem inareb kutnu awsis gnorodneM .)c

.sugab gnay tamilak malad edi nusuynem

nakaratugnem kutnu awsis adapek natapmesek irebmeM .)d


uajes iuhatekid tapaD .)e utaus imaladnem awsis anam h



.hadner aynsatilibailer nad satidilav radaK .)a

.narajalebmep iretam hurules padahret fitatneserper gnaruK .)b

raC .)c rusnu helo ihuragnepid gnires askiremem a - .fitkeybus rusnu

nagnabmitrep nakhutubmem babes tilus hibel aynnaaskiremeP .)d

.kaynab hibel gnay laudividni

naklikawid tapad kadit nad amal hibel ayniskerok kutnu utkaW .)e

ial gnaro adapek .n

K naluggnu seT fitkeybO :

.)a rupmac iradnihid tapad ,fitkeybo hibel ,fitatneserper hibeL

rusnu nagnat - .fitkeybus rusnu

gnem tapad anerak ,aynnaaskiremep tapec nad hadum hibeL .)b -

m igolonket nagned nakhab set icnuk nakanug .uja

.nial gnaro naklikawid tapad aynnaaskiremeP .)c

. fitkeybus rusnu huragnep ada kadit naaskiremep malaD .)d

45



.)b u akij hasuS .iggnit hibel gnajnej rajaleb lisah ialinem kutn


.)d .akubret hibel set utkawes awsis ratna amas ajreK

.)3 iassE seT nasiluneP hadiaK :

)a isataB . : aynnaiakamep aynaH akij kadit naksaumem akij

.fitkejbO set nagned isaulaveid )b naksumuR . aynnaaynatrep upmam aggnihes apur naikimedes

rukugnem rajaleb lisah iauses T nauju I . lanoiskurtsn

.)c halnusuS tamilak paites ritub laos set kiab nagned iasse

raneb nad .itset nakukalid aynsurahes gnay apa salej aggnihes

.)d nakulrepid gnay utkaw naarikrep nakkujnuT .

.)e akradniH ,nahilip laos naanuggnep n 01 irad 5 halhiliP :lasiM

! ini tukireb laos )nalidakaditek naktabikagnem tapad( .

.)f itub paiteS aynkadneh r gnay halasam nasumur nakapurem


.)g laos amasreb sugilakes taubid aynnabawaj icnuK .

.)h : aynnarakusek takgnit nagnidnabreP

haduM : S gnade : S raku = %03 : %05 : %02

.)i ususiD hadum gnay irad turu n ujunem ek gnay rakus .

iassE seT naroksneP hadiaK :

.aynnabawaj raseb sirag nakpais uluhad hibelreT .)a

.ayneroks nairebmep tapet gnay edotem hiliP .)b

rotkaf inagnanem arac nakpateT .)c - naveler kadit gnay rotkaf

)d nabawaj aumes halisaulavE . mulebes amas gnay laos adap


.)e itset satitnedi tahilem nagnaJ .

.)f nakajreK :susuhk nagnitnepek kutnU / halroks helo aud gnaro

uata hibel .

55

.)4 : adnaG nahiliP seT nasiluneP hadiaK

a .) teS aynkadneh laos pai apureb halasam utaus nasumur .

b .) gnay nalaosrep gnudnagnem asaret aynkadneh laos kokoP

kaynabes - naveler gnay iretam isireb aynah ipatet ,aynkaynab .

c .) itaH - .fitagen tamilak nakanuggnem itah

.)d paiteS fitanretla nabawaj aynkadneh races a atat asahab

laos kokop nagned netsisnok .

)e . aynaH ada utas fitanretla bawaj gnay luteb ( ilaucek adap

)adnaG nahiliP isaisosA kutneb .

.)f aumeS fitanretla ,negomoh aynkadneh icnuk aynitra bawaj -

n ay lojnonem nagnaj . )g . iradniH tafis - tafis fitaisosa aratna kokop laos nagned


)h . itaH - itah ( iradnih ) naaideynep nahilip nagned atak

,’’nuputas kadit’‘ uata ’’raneb aumes’’ .


akiJ nakabet rotkaf nakgnutihrepmem kadit :

S = R


R – W S = -

n – 1 S = eroks

R = waj halmuj raneb naba



adA .)5 : utiay ,set haubes satilauk ialinem kutnu arac ) tapme ( 4

.)a amatrep araC laos rujuj araces itilenem nalaj nagned , - gnay laos

dus kaditek aynkadit ada nagnaretek itupilem gnay silutid ha -

nial nad ,narakusek farat ,hatnirep nasalej - naadaek gnatnet nial

.aymumu adap laos

65

.)b audek araC nakadagnem halada , laoS rituB sisilanA ( meti

sisylana tnu sitametsis gnay rudesorp utiay ,) iuhategnem ku

.taubid gnay set gnatnet mumu narabmag

.)c agitek araC nakadagnem halada , gnikcehc amaturet ,satidilav

( relukiruk satidilav utiay ytidilav tnetnoc .)

.)d tapmeek araC nakadagnem halada , gnikcehc ret satilibailer -

m nagned utiay amatu .tubesret laos adebmep ayad tahile

.)6 ,laos ritub sisilana macam )aud( 2 adA : utiay

.)a lanoisaR sisilanA : a utiay sisilan ritub padahret - laos ritub gnay

oisar nagnabmitrep adap nakrasadnem nad aboc iju apnat .

b) . siripmE sisilanA a utiay : isilan s nagned laos ritub padahret

naruku nakrasadreb - aboc iju lisah kitsitats naruku padahret

.natukgnasreb gnay laos

k ,siripme sisilana adaP :ruku kolot nagned rukuid laos nakiabe

.)1( laos ritub ) KT ( narakuseK takgniT .

.)2( ( adebmeP ayaD laos ritub ) PD .

.)3( nakitahrepmem ulrep aguj : adnag nahilip set laos susuhK


nakkujnunem gnay akgna halada : ) KT ( narakuseK takgniT .)a .)7

nautnetek nupadA .set laos ritub haubes aynrakus hadum

aynairetirk : halada

03,0 irad gnaruk = KT akij rakuS .)1(

03,0 = KT akij gnadeS .)2( – 07,0

07,0 irad hibel = KT akij haduM .)3(

tapad kutnu laos naupmamek halada : adebmeP ayaD .)b ebmem -

,hodob gnay awsis nagned iadnap gnay awsis aratna nakad

.adebreb gnamem aynranebes naadaek alibapa

aynnautneteK 07,0 = PD akij ilakeS kiaB : – 00,1

04,0 = PD akij kiaB – ,0 96

02,0 = PD akij pukuC – 93,0

00,0 = PD akij keleJ – 91,0

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rotkartsid haubes naupmamek halada : rotkartsiD satifitkefE .)c

u )hocegnep( nahilip hilimem malad awsis hocegnem kutn

,kiab gnay hocegneP .adnag nahilip kutneb laos adap nabawaj

)3( ,bawaj icnuk nagned piriM )2( ,atarem rabesreT )1( : akij

halmuJ )4( nad ,)itset( set atresep % 5 laminim helo hilipiD

ibel rosa kopmolek irad hilimep irad hilimep gnidnabid kaynab h

.luggnu kopmolek

: awhab iuhatekid tapad laos adap ) atad ( nagnaretek iraD .)8

01 = aB ; 51 = uB ; 08 = N

22 = 08 . % 72 = aN = uN

: 02 romon laos narakusek takgniT .)a

aB + uB 52 01 + 51 = KT = = = ,0 75 ) gnades (

aN + uN 44 22 + 22

.)b romon laos adebmeP ayaD 02 :

uB – aB 51 – 5 01 = PD - = = = ,0 32

)aN + uN( ½ ( ½ 22 + 22 ) 22

“ = tubesret 7 romon laos adebmeP ayaD idaJ pukuc ”

tubesret laos itrareB ep ulr id ikiabrep .

nasululeK airetirK .C

airetirK rokS 1( – )01 toboB ialiN nagnareteK

( fitingoK 8 .ds 1 romon laos ) 01 5 05

sulul tarayS laminim ialin

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isaton silunem naitileteK 01 1 01

rudesorp natapeteK 01 2 02

natapeteK nabawaj alumrof 01 1 01

utkaw natapeteK 01 1 001

RIHKA IALIN

85

VI BAB PUTUNEP

ludum halnaikimeD 302 KTP .PVE – luduj nagned 10 isaulavE ( iroeT narajalebmeP fitingoC ) sid iaseles halet ini nusu nagned

t/nahital aparebeb ipakgnelid rihka isaulave nupuam fitamrof set ,sagu

arap nakparahid ini ludom nautnab nagneD .aynnabawaj icnuk atreseb

,aynisnetepmok nagnabmekrep iridnes uatnamem tapad awsisaham

raneb halet akerem hakapa - anamiagabes isnetepmok ikilimem raneb

naujut adap nimrecret uata rajaleb nataigek paites adap nakparahid gnay

.muleb

laminim nasululek tarays iapacnem halet gnay awsisaham arap igaB

adap aynrajaleb nataigek nakitnehgnem tapad akerem akam ludom ini

.ayntukireb ludom ek naktujnalem nad tapad muleb akij aynkilabeS

ilabmek gnalugnem surah akerem akam ,laminim nasululek ihunemem

iretam naigab adap amaturet aynrajaleb - ayniasaukid muleb gnay iretam

( sulul muleb huggnus hibel surah akerem aynkiabes nad ) - huggnus

aafnamem nagned rajaleb malad nautnab kusamret ada gnay satilisaf nakt

.ini hailukatam rotatilisaf iagabes nesod irad

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AKATSUP RATFAD

,nawaimeS yenoC 91 97 . naialineP & narukugneP kinkeT nad pisnirP

.nakididneP :atrakaJ araituM .

yaG , .9791 noitaulavE lanoitacudE tnemerusaeM dna dna lleB : oihO .lewoH

,.E namroN ,dnulnorG 91 67 . M .gnihcaeT ni noitaulavE dna tnemerusae kroY weN : .gnihsilbuP nalliM.caM

otiwuS idaH 91 , 29 . naurujeK nakididneP naialineP metsiS . gnudnaB :TG 3P tibreneP .

,rameO kilamaH 91 18 . nkeT .nakididneP isaulavE nad narukugneP ki gnudnaB : .anaitraM akatsuP

.4891 ,otnawruP milagN pisnirP - pisnirp nad kinkeT isaulavE narajagneP .ayraK ajameR : gnudnaB

.1002 ,otemalS nakididneP isaulavE .araskA imuB : atrakaJ .III nakateC .

srahuS otnukirA imi , .5002 rasaD - .)isiveR isidE( nakididneP isaulavE rasad atrakaJ : araskA imuB .

ijdaruW 91 , 87 . rasaD - .rajaleB lisaH naialineP nad narukugneP rasad

atrakaygoY : aniD tibreneP .

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