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PENGEMBANGAN

WACANADISUSUN OLEH

DOLIKA PUTRA

IKRAR PRAMUDYA

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PENGERTIAN

bahasa Inggris discourse, ang ar!ina

an!ara "ain #K$%a%&'an 'n!'( %a)'%$n'r'! 'r'!an*'r'!an ang !$ra!'r +ans$%$s!ina#

K-%'ni(asi b'ah &i(iran, bai( "isan

%a'&'n !'"isan, ang r$s%i +an !$ra!'r# s$b'ah !'"isan ang !$ra!'r %$n'r'!

'r'!*'r'!an ang s$%$s!ina a!a' "-gis

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.ENIS*.ENIS WACANA

Narasi a+a"ah /$ri!a ang +i+asar(an

&a+a 'r'!*'r'!an s'a!' ($)a+ian a!a'&$ris!i0a

Narasi +a&a! b$risi 1a(!a, %isa"nabi-gra2 3ri0aa! s$s$-rang4,-!-bi-gra25ri0aa! hi+'& s$s$-rang ang+i!'"isna s$n+iri, a!a' (isah &$nga"a%anNarasi s$&$r!i ini +is$b'! +$ngan narasiekspositoris.

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Narasi bisa )'ga b$risi /$ri!a

(haa"52(si a!a' r$(aan s$&$r!i angbiasana !$r+a&a! &a+a /$ri!a n-6$"a!a' /$r&$n Narasi ini +is$b'!+$ngan narasi imajinatif.

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Taha&an

374 %$n$n!'(an !$%a /$ri!a

384 %$n$n!'(an !')'an

394 %$n+a1!ar(an !-&i( a!a' gagasan &-(-(

3:4 %$n's'n gagasan &-(-( %$n)a+i($rang(a (arangan s$/ara (r-n-"-gis a!a'

'r'!an 0a(!'

3;4 %$ng$%bang(an ($rang(a %$n)a+i(arangan

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Ka!a deskripsi b$rasa" +ari bahasa

"a!in discribereang b$rar!i gambaran,perincian, atau pembeberan D$s(ri&sia+a"ah (arangan ang %$ngga%bar(ans'a!' -b)$( b$r+asar(an hasi"&$nga%a!an, &$rasaan +an &$nga"a%an

&$n'"isna

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T')'anna a+a"ah &$%ba/a %$%&$r-"$h

($san a!a' /i!raan s$s'ai +$ngan&$nga%a!an, &$rasaan, +an &$nga"a%an&$n'"is s$hingga s$-"ah*-"ah &$%ba/aang %$"iha!, %$rasa(an, +an %$nga"a%is$n+iri -b$( !$rs$b'!

Un!'( %$n/a&ai ($san ang s$%&'rna,&$n'"is +$s(ri&si %$rin/i -b)$( +$ngan($san, 1a(!a, +an /i!raan

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Di"iha! +ari si1a! -b)$(na, +$s(ri&si +ib$+a(ana!as 8 %a/a%, ai!' s$bagai b$ri('!

a D$s(ri&si I%a)ina!i15I%&r$si-nis ia"ah+$s(ri&si ang %$ngga%bar(an -b)$( b$n+as$s'ai ($san5i%a)inasi si &$n'"is

b D$s(ri&si 1a(!'a"5$(s&-si!-ris ia"ah +$s(ri&si

ang %$ngga%bar(an -b)$( b$r+asar(an'r'!an "-gi(a a!a' 1a(!a*1a(!a ang +i"iha!

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Taha&an

374 %$n$n!'(an -b)$( &$nga%a!an

384 %$n$n!'(an !')'an

394 %$nga+a(an &$nga%a!an +an%$ng'%&'"(an bahan

3:4 %$n's'n ($rang(a (arangan3;4 %$ng$%bang(an ($rang(a %$n)a+i

(arangan

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Ka!a eksposisi b$rasa" +ari bahasaLa!in exponereang b$rar!i< memamerkan,menjelaskan, a!a' menguraikan

Karangan $(s&-sisi a+a"ah (arangan ang%$%a&ar(an a!a' %$n)$"as(an s$/ara!$r&$rin/i 3%$%a&ar(an4 s$s'a!' +$ngan

!')'an %$%b$ri(an in1-r%asi +an%$%&$r"'as &$ng$!ah'an ($&a+a&$%ba/ana

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Karangan $(s&-sisi biasana +ig'na(an

&a+a (ara*(ara i"%iah s$&$r!i ar!i($"i"%iah, %a(a"ah%a(a"ah 'n!'( s$%inar,si%&-si'%, a!a' &$na!aran

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Un!'( %$n+'('ng a('rasi &$%a&aranna,s$ring &$ngarang $(s&-sisi %$n$r!a(anb$n!'(*b$n!'( n-n6$rba" s$&$r!i gra2(,+iagra%, !ab$", a!a' bagan +a"a%(aranganna

P$%a&aran +a"a% $(s&-sisi +a&a! b$rb$n!'(

'raian &r-s$s, !aha&an, /ara ($r)a, +ans$bagaina +$ngan &-"a &$ng$%bangani"'s!rasi, +$2nisi, +an ("asi2(asi

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Taha&an

374 %$n$n!'(an -b)$( &$nga%a!an,

384 %$n$n!'(an !')'an +an &-"a &$na)ian$(s&-sisi,

394 %$ng'%&'"(an +a!a a!a' bahan,

3:4 %$n's'n ($rang(a (arangan, +an

3;4 %$ng$%bang(an ($rang(a %$n)a+i(arangan

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Karangan argumentasi ia"ah (arangan

ang b$risi &$n+a&a!, si(a&, a!a'&$ni"aian !$rha+a& s'a!' ha" ang+is$r!ai +$ngan a"asan, b'(!i*b'(!i, +an&$rna!aan*&$rna!aan ang "-gis

T')'an (arangan arg'%$n!asi a+a"ahb$r'saha %$a(in(an &$%ba/a a(an($b$naran &$n+a&a! &$ngarang

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Karangan arg'%$n!asi +a&a! )'ga b$risi

!angga&an a!a' sanggahan !$rha+a&s'a!' &$n+a&a! +$ngan %$%a&ar(ana"asan*a"asan ang rasi-na"+an "-gis

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Taha&an

374 %$n$n!'(an !$%a a!a' !-&i( &$r%asa"ahan,

384 %$r'%'s(an !')'an &$n'"isan,394 %$ng'%&'"(an +a!a a!a' bahan b$r'&a>;< 4

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M$n'!'& T'"isan

K$!i(a h$n+a( %$nga(hiri !'"isan, (i!a !i+a(har's %$n'"is(an s'b)'+'" b$r'&a

P$n'!'& a!a' Si%&'"an P$n'!'&anar!i($" bisa (i!a "a('(an +$ngan%$ngg'na(an gaa b$r&a%i!an 3S-$s$n-7@8< :4 Gaa &a%i! i!' bisa +i!an+ai+$ngan &$%ar(ah s$&$r!i +$%i(ian, )a+i,%a(a, a(hirna, +an bisa &'"a b$r'&a&$r!anaan ang %$ngg'gah &$%ba/a

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P-"a &$n'"isan

S-$s$n- 37@8< 7*74 %$%a&ar(ans$!i+a(na "i%a &-"a ang bisa (i!ag'na(an 'n!'( %$na)i(an ar!i($"

1. Pola peme!ahan topikP-"a ini %$%$/ah !-&i( ang %asih b$ra+a +a"a%"ing('& &$%bi/araan ang +i!$%a(an %$n)a+is'b!-&i( a!a' bagian*bagian ang "$bih ($/i" +ans$%&i! ($%'+ian %$ngana"isa %asing*%asing

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2. Pola masalah dan peme!ahannyaP-"a ini "$bih +ah'"' %$ng$%'(a(an %asa"ah

3bisa "$bih +ari sa!'4 ang %asih b$ra+a+a"a% "ing('& &-(-( bahasan ang +i!$%a(an+$ngan )$"as K$%'+ian %$ngana"isa&$%$/ahan %asa"ah ang +i($%'(a(an -"$h&ara ah"i +i bi+ang ($i"%'an angb$rsang('!an

". Pola kronologiP-"a ini %$nggara& !-&i( %$n'r'! 'r'!*'r'!an&$ris!i0a ang !$r)a+i

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4. Pola pendapat dan alasan pemikiranP-"a ini bar' +i&a(ai bi"a &$n'"is ang

b$rsang('!an h$n+a( %$ng$%'(a(an&$n+a&a!na s$n+iri !$n!ang !-&i( ang+igara&na, "a"' %$n'n)'((an a"asan &$%i(iranang %$n+-r-ng ($ arah &$rna!aan &$n+a&a!i!'

&. Pola pembandingan

P-"a ini %$%ban+ing(an +'a as&$( a!a' "$bih+ari s'a!' !-&i( +an %$n'n)'((an &$rsa%aan+an &$rb$+aanna Ini"ah &-"a +asar ang &a"ings$ring +i&a(ai 'n!'( %$n's'n !'"isan

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K'!i&an a!a'

si!iran

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K'!i&an Pin)a%an &$n+a&a! +ari s$-rang &$ngarang a!a's$s$-rang, bai( b$r'&a !'"isan +a"a% b'(',%a)a"ah, s'ra! (abar, a!a' b$n!'( !'"isan "ainna,%a'&'n +a"a% b$n!'( "isan

T')'an< &$ng-(-han arg'%$n!asi +a"a% s$b'ah(arangan

45

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'ngsi>< :4

53

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84 %$nghi"ang(an bagian ('!i&an ang "$bih+ari sa!' a"in$a Bagian ang +ihi"ang(an

+igan!i +$ngan !i!i( b$rs&asi s$&an)anggaris 3+ari %agin (iri sa%&ai ($ %argin(anan4

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54

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.$nis K'!i&an

a K'!i&an "angs'ng a+a"ah &in)a%an &$n+a&a!+$ngan %$nga%bi" s$/ara "$ng(a& (a!a +$%i

(a!a, (a"i%a! +$%i (a"i%a! +ari s'%b$r !$(sas"i

b K'!i&an !i+a( "angs'ng a+a"ah &in)a%an&$n+a&a! +$ngan %$nga%bi" in!i sarina sa)a

/ K'!i&an &a+a /a!a!an (a(i

+ K'!i&an a!as '/a&an "isan$ K'!i&an +a"a% ('!i&an1 K'!i&an "angs'ng &a+a %a!$ri

55

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Cara M$ng'!i&

a K'!i&an Langs'ng,

74 Yang !i+a( "$bih +ari $%&a! baris>< :4

57

C M !i 384

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Cara M$ng'!i& 384

84 Yang "$bih +ari $%&a! baris