Tugas Lc Ulkus Gaster

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    GASTRIC ULCER

    1. Maghrifah Akriani Fifti 12310274

    2. Nafla Rintisa 12310317

    3.Ni Luh Esti Listiani 12310319

    4. Ni Nengah Pini Sriani 12310321

    5. Nurhidayati 12310342

    6. Yohana Septa Putri 12310493

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    once or twice a day because of arthritis in his

    knees.

    not smoke cigarettes or drink alcohol

    pale appearing

    he is afebrile,blood pressure is 120/80 mm

    Hg,pulse is 95 beats/min, and respiratory rate is14 breaths/min.

    Head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat (HEENT)

    examination is notable only for pale

    conjunctiva.

    tenderness in the epigastrium.

    dark black stool that is strongly fecal occult

    blood test (FOBT) positive.

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    Definition

    Gastric ulceris an open wound in the

    side of edema with induration ulcer base

    covered with debris.

    Gastric ulcers are sores in the lining ofthe stomach . Gastric ulcers can be treated

    .A small portion of these ulcers may

    become cancerous.

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    Epidemiology

    In the United States , peptic ulcer disease

    ( PUD ) affects about 4.5 million people

    each year with 20 % caused by

    Helicobacter pylori . Prevalence of gastriculcers in men is 11-14 % , and the

    prevalence in women is 8-11%.

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    Etiology

    According to Sam LK ( 1994 ) there areseveral factors etiology of gastric ulcers

    that Helicobacter pylori infection , NSAID

    use , smoking, and habits food .

    1. Helicobacter pylori

    It has long been known to have arelationship with gastric ulcer infection

    germs Helicobacter pylori

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    2. NSAID

    The use of these drugs interfere with infiltration

    of the mucosa, destroying the mucosal and cause

    mucosal damage 30% of adults who use NSAIDs

    have adverse GI .

    3. Genetic

    More than 20 % of patients have a family history

    of gastric ulcers.

    4. Additional etiologic factors

    In addition , one rather than the disease may be

    related to gastric ulcersie liver cirrhosis , chronic

    obstructive pulmonary disease and autoimmune

    diseases.

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    Symptoms

    Symptoms depend on the location and age of

    ulcer patients , especially patientselderly

    often have little or no symptoms . Pain is the

    most common often in the form of epigastricpain and reduced in the presence of food

    oradministration of antacids . The pain may

    be burning, or sometimes as the sensation of

    hunger . The pain is usually chronic andrecurrent . only abouthalf of the patients

    present with symptoms typical .

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    Classification

    By Region/Location :

    1. Stomach

    2. Duodenum

    3. Esophagus

    4. MeckelsDiverticulum

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    Pathogenesis

    Duodenal ulcers are different with gastric ulcers: Duodenal ulcersand gastric acid plays a role in

    the increase of HCl and the stimulation of the

    basal state or after a meal.

    Gastric ulceris more important mucosal

    defense ( defensive factors ) ; include gastric

    motility disorders that cause reflux of bile from

    the duodenum into the stomach , slowing

    gastric emptying

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    Treatment

    1. Antacids

    2. The management of diet, by eating a little bit butwith a high frequency (often), to neutralize

    excess acid in peptic ulcer.

    3. Anticholinergic, inhibiti the parasympatheticpostganglionic nerves that secrete achetilcholine.

    However, this drug is rarely used due to other

    effects that are less favorable hull, which would

    inhibit the motility of the intestine alone will

    result in slowing of gastric emptying alone.

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    4. Inhibiting H2 (Histamine) because effects

    of histamine stimulates acid secretion /HCl and pepsinogen. Preparations used

    were cimetidine, ranitidine, and famotidin

    5. Antimicroba / anti-bacterial, for example,if the presence of Helicobacter pylori

    infection.

    6. Get plenty of rest, both physically andemotionally

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