TUGAS AKHIR

PERANCANGAN BELT CONVEYOR

PADA KAPASITAS 60 TON/JAM

UNTUK ALAT ANGKUT BENIH JAGUNG

(STUDI KASUS: PT. AGRI MAKMUR PERTIWI, DESA SAMBIREJO,

KECAMATAN PARE, KABUPATEN KEDIRI)

Diajukan Kepada Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Untuk Memenuhi Syarat Memperoleh Gelar

Sarjana (S-1) Teknik Mesin

Disusun Oleh:

Khairul Anaam

201210120311094

JURUSAN TEKNIK MESIN

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2019

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Perancangan Belt Conveyor Dengan Kapasitas 60 Ton/Jam Benih Jagung di

PT. Agri Makmur Pertiwi

Khairul Anaam1*, Herry Suprianto 2, Dini Kurniawati 3

*Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Jl. Tlogomas, No. 246, Malang 65144

Phone. (0341) 464318-128 Fax. (0341) 460782

e-mail : anamputranegara@yahoo.co.id

ABSTRAK

Alat pemindahan bahan yang berbasis teknologi tinggi di

sebagian industri yang sedang berkembang adalah belt conveyor.

Kapasitas angkut belt conveyor bisa berbeda-beda antara satu dengan

yang lain, tergantung pada jenis material yang diangkut, lebar belt,

daya motor yang digunakan yang akan mempengaruhi kecepatan

angkut belt dan jarak pemindahan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah

untuk mengetahui kapasitas angkut dan kecepatan belt conveyor di

PT. Agri Makmur Pertiwi, daya motor penggerak yang dibutuhkan

dan membandingkan dengan spesifikasi belt conveyor tersebut. Studi

literatur dan survei pendahuluan dilakukan sebagai dasar dalam

merancang belt coveyor ini. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan yang telah

dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa untuk kapasitas 60 ton/jam, belt

conveyor memiliki kecepatan 0,242 m/s ; berat material biji jagung

46,337 lbs/ft ; berat belt 15,455 lbs/ft ; panjang conveyor 100 m ;

ketinggian vertical 8 m ; dan daya motor 3,897 kw.

Kata kunci : Belt Conveyor, perancangan kapasitas angkut,

kecepatan belt

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Design of Conveyor Belt with a Capacity of 60 Tons / Hour of Corn Seeds at

PT. Agri Makmur Pertiwi

Khairul Anaam1*, Herry Suprianto 2, Dini Kurniawati 3

*Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Jl. Tlogomas, No. 246, Malang 65144

Phone. (0341) 464318-128 Fax. (0341) 460782

e-mail : anamputranegara@yahoo.co.id

ABSTRACT

A high technology based material transfer tool in some

developing industries is a belt conveyor. The carrying capacity of the

belt conveyor can vary from one another, depending on the type of

material being transported, the width of the belt, the motor power

used which will affect the speed of conveyance of the belt and the

distance of displacement. The purpose of this study was to determine

the carrying capacity and speed of the belt conveyor at PT. Agri

Makmur Pertiwi, the driving motor power needed and comparing

with the specifications of the belt conveyor. Literature studies and

preliminary surveys are carried out as a basis for designing this belt

coveyor. Based on the results of calculations that have been done, it

can be concluded that for a capacity of 60 tons / hour, the belt

conveyor has a speed of 0.242 m / s; maize seed material weight

46,337 lbs / ft; belt weight 15.455 lbs / ft; conveyor length of 100 m;

vertical height of 8 m; and motor power 3,897 kw.

Keywords : Belt Conveyor, design of transport capacity, belt speed

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KATA PENGANTAR

Alhamdulillah, puji syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Allah SWT yang telah

melimpahkan rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan

skripsi yang berjudul “Perancangan Belt Conveyor Pada Kapasitas 60 Ton/Jam

Untuk Alat Angkut Benih Jagung (Studi Kasus: PT. Agri Makmur Pertiwi,

Desa Sambirejo, Kecamatan Pare, Kabupaten Kediri)”. Penyusunan skripsi ini

penulis banyak mendapatkan bantuan, petunjuk, bimbingan, saran dari berbagai

pihak, oleh sebab itu penulis ingin mengungkapkan rasa terima kasih kepada:

1. Allah SWT yang telah melimpahkan rahmat dan kesehatan kepada penulis.

2. Bapak Ir. Herry Suprianto, MT selaku Dosen Pembimbing dan Dosen

Penguji yang senantiasa memberikan bimbingan, motivasi serta memberi

masukan yang bermanfaat.

3. Ibu Dini Kurniawati, ST., MT selaku Dosen Pembimbing dan Dosen

Penguji yang senantiasa memberikan bimbingan, motivasi serta memberi

masukan yang bermanfaat.

4. PT. Agri Makmur Pertiwi tempat penulis dalam penelitian.

5. Kedua Orang tua dan seluruh keluarga, yang telah memberikan doa,

motivasi, dan dukungan baik secara moral maupun materi sehingga penulis

mampu menyelesaikan skripsi ini.

6. Teman satu dosen bimbingan yang selalu menemani saat menunggu

bimbingan.

7. Teman – teman Teknik Mesin yang tidak bisa disebutkan satu persatu

8. Seluruh pihak yang telah menjadikan penulis menjadi sosok penulis yang

sekarang.

Penulis menyadari keterbatasan kemampuan dalam penyusunan laporan

skripsi ini. Sehingga, penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang bersifat

membangun untuk penulisan laporan yang lebih baik.

Malang, Juli 2019

Khairul Anaam

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DAFTAR ISI

POSTER .............................................................................................................................. i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ............................................................................................. iii

LEMBAR ASISTENSI TUGAS AKHIR ....................................................................... iv

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN .............................................................................................. v

ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................................ vi

ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... vii

KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................................... viii

DAFTAR ISI..................................................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................................... xii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................................... xiii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................................. 1

1.1 LATAR BELAKANG ........................................................................................ 1

1.2 RUMUSAN MASALAH .................................................................................... 3

1.3 TUJUAN PERANCANGAN .............................................................................. 4

1.4 MANFAAT PERANCANGAN .......................................................................... 4

1.5 BATASAN MASALAH ..................................................................................... 5

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ....................................................................................... 6

2.1 BELT CONVEYOR .............................................................................................. 6

2.2 PRINSIP KERJA BELT CONVEYOR ................................................................ 7

2.3 PROFIL BELT--CONVEYOR ............................................................................ 8

2.4 METODE DISCHARGE PADA BELT CONVEYOR ......................................... 9

2.5 KOMPONEN BELT CONVEYOR .................................................................... 10

2.5.1 Tail Puley .................................................................................................. 10

2.5.2 Return Roll ................................................................................................ 11

2.5.3 Carrying Roll ............................................................................................ 11

2.5.4 Bend Pulley ............................................................................................... 12

2.5.5 Head Pulley ............................................................................................... 13

2.5.6 Take Up Pulley .......................................................................................... 13

2.5.7 Take Up Unit ............................................................................................. 14

2.5.8 Impact Roll ................................................................................................ 15

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2.5.9 Belt ............................................................................................................ 15

2.6 PEMILIHAN BELT .......................................................................................... 16

2.7 PEMILIHAN IDLER ........................................................................................ 18

2.7.1 Frame Idler ............................................................................................... 20

2.7.2 Roller ......................................................................................................... 24

BAB III METODOLOGI ............................................................................................... 25

3.1 PENGUMPULAN DATA ................................................................................ 25

3.1.1 Studi Literatur ........................................................................................... 25

3.1.2 Survei Pendahuluan................................................................................... 25

3.1.3 Identifikasi Masalah .................................................................................. 25

3.2 PENGOLAHAN DATA ................................................................................... 26

3.2.1 KARAKTERISTIK MATERIAL ANGKUT ........................................... 26

3.2.2 KAPASITAS_BELT_CONVEYOR ........................................................... 32

3.2.3 LUAS PENAMPANG .............................................................................. 33

3.2.4 KECEPATAN_BELT ............................................................................... 36

3.2.5 PERHITUNGAN_TEGANGAN DAN DAYA BELT .............................. 38

3.2.6 PEMILIHAN_PULLEY ............................................................................ 48

3.2.7 PEMILIHAN_IDLER ............................................................................... 49

3.2.8 JARAK IDLER DENGAN PULLEY ........................................................ 54

3.3 PEMBUATAN DESAIN GAMBAR ................................................................ 56

BAB IV PERHITUNGAN PERANCANGAN .............................................................. 57

4.1 DATA INFORMASI AWAL RANCANGAN ................................................. 57

4.2 KECEPATAN BELT ........................................................................................ 58

4.3 BERAT MATERIAL DAN BELT .................................................................... 59

4.3.1 Berat Material (Wm) .................................................................................. 59

4.3.2 Berat Belt (Wb) .......................................................................................... 59

4.4 PEMILIHAN IDLER ........................................................................................ 60

4.4.1 Carrying Idler ........................................................................................... 60

4.4.2 Return Idler ............................................................................................... 61

4.5 PERHITUNGAN TEGANGAN DAN DAYA BELT ....................................... 63

4.5.1 Data yang Diketahui .................................................................................. 63

4.5.2 Faktor Kt (faktor koreksi temperatur lingkungan) ..................................... 64

4.5.3 Faktor Kx (faktor gesekan idler) ................................................................ 64

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4.5.4 Faktor Ky (faktor perhitungan gaya belt dan beban flexure idler) ............. 64

4.5.5 Tegangan Efektif (Te) ................................................................................ 66

4.5.6 Perhitungan Daya Motor ........................................................................... 68

4.6 PEMILIHAN PULLEY CONVEYOR .............................................................. 68

BAB V KESIMPULAN .................................................................................................. 72

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................................... 74

LAMPIRAN..................................................................................................................... 75

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Lapisan Belt Berdasarkan Lebar Belt ................................................... 17

Tabel 3.1 Pengelompokan Material Berdasarkan Ukuran Partikel ...................... 27

Tabel 3.2 Pengelompokan Material Berdasarkan Massa Jenis ............................ 27

Tabel 3.3 Hubungan Antara Angle Of Repose Dan Angle Of Surcharge ............. 28

Tabel 3.4 Material Class and Code ...................................................................... 29

Tabel 3.5 Material Characteristic and Weight..................................................... 30

Tabel 3.6 Inclination Reduction Factor (K) ....................................................... 33

Tabel 3.7 Tabel Area of Load Cross Section ........................................................ 34

Tabel 3.8 Kecapatan Maksimum Belt Conveyor .................................................. 36

Tabel 3.9 Belt Width Berdasarkan Kapasitas Pada Kecepatan 100 FPM ............. 37

Tabel 3.10 Kecapatan Belt Berdasarkan Lump Size ............................................. 37

Tabel 3.11 Faktor Ky, Values ................................................................................ 41

Tabel 3.12 Belt Tension to Rotate Pulleys ............................................................ 42

Tabel 3.13 Discharge Plow Allowance ................................................................ 42

Tabel 3.14 Skirtboard Friction Factor, Cs ........................................................... 43

Tabel 3.15 Wrap Factor, Cw................................................................................. 45

Tabel 3.16 Arrangement Of Idler Spacing ........................................................... 51

Tabel 3.17 Roller Diameter & Bearing Number .................................................. 51

Tabel 3.18 Wb dan WR ......................................................................................... 52

Tabel 3.19 Basic Load Rating for Rolling Contact Bearing Cdyn (kgf) ................ 52

Tabel 3.20 Through Carrying Idler & Return Idler ............................................. 52

Tabel 3.21 Belt Training Carrying Idler .............................................................. 53

Tabel 3.22 Belt Training Return Idler .................................................................. 53

Tabel 3.23 Impact Carrying Idler & Impact Return Idler .................................... 54

Tabel 3.24 Minimum Transitional Spacing .......................................................... 55

Tabel 3.25 Transitional Spacing .......................................................................... 55

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Profil Belt Conveyor ........................................................................ 8

Gambar 2.2 Head Pulley Discharge .................................................................... 9

Gambar 2.3 Both end Discharge ......................................................................... 9

Gambar 2.4 Skema Kontruksi Utama Belt Conveyor .......................................... 10

Gambar 2.5 Tail Pulley ........................................................................................ 10

Gambar 2.6 Return Roll ....................................................................................... 11

Gambar 2.7 Carrying Roll ................................................................................... 12

Gambar 2.8 Bend Pulley ...................................................................................... 12

Gambar 2.9 Head Pulley ..................................................................................... 13

Gambar 2.10 Take Up Pulley .............................................................................. 14

Gambar 2.11 Belt ................................................................................................. 15

Gambar 2.12 Potongan Belt Menurut Skematik .................................................. 16

Gambar 2.13 Multiply Belt Cross-Section ........................................................... 17

Gambar 2.14 Belt Cross Section dari Steel Cord Belts ....................................... 18

Gambar 2.15 Trough Carrying Idler ................................................................... 20

Gambar 2.16 V-Trough Carrying Idler ............................................................... 21

Gambar 2.17 Trough Impact Idler ....................................................................... 22

Gambar 2.18 Flat Returns Idler .......................................................................... 22

Gambar 2.19 Self-Aligning Carrying Idler .......................................................... 23

Gambar 2.20 Self-Aligning Return Idler .............................................................. 24

Gambar 2.21 Detail Of Roller Internal Construction (Typical) .......................... 24

Gambar 3.1 Luas Penampang Total Belt Conveyor............................................. 33

Gambar 3.2 Luas Penampang Bagian Atas Belt Conveyor ................................. 34

Gambar 3.3 Variation of Temperature factor, Kt with temperature .................... 39

Gambar 3.4 Incline or horizontal Conveyor,pulley driving belt ......................... 44

Gambar 3.5 Decline conveyor lowering load with regeneration,belt driving pulley

............................................................................................................................... 44

Gambar 3.6 Horizontal Belt Conveyor with Vertical Curve, and Head Pulley Drive

............................................................................................................................... 46

Gambar 3.7 Take-Up Gravity .............................................................................. 47

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Gambar 3.8 Drive Pulley Dimension ................................................................... 48

Gambar 3.9 Non-Drive Pulley Dimension ........................................................... 49

Gambar 4.1 Non-Drive Pulley Dimension ........................................................... 60

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DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Erinofiardi. 2012. Analisa Kerja Belt Conveyor 5857-V Kapasitas 600 Ton/ Jam.

Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin. 3(3): 450-458

Hamsi, A. 2011. Analisa Pengaruh Ukuran Butir Dan Tingkat Kelembaban

Pasir Terhadap Performansi Belt Conveyor Pada Pabrik Pembuatan

Tiang Beton. Jurnal Dinamis. 2(8): 14-20

Kulweic, R.A. 1985. Material Handling Handbook. John Wiley&Sons. Canada

Raharjo, R. 2012. Rancang Bangun Belt Conveyor Trainner Sebagai Alat Bantu

Pembelajaran. Jurnal Teknik Mesin. 1(2): 15-26

Sularso dan Suga, K. 1987. Dasar Perencanaan dan Pemilihan Elemen Mesin.

PT Pradnya Paramita. Jakarta

Waluyo, J., Aosoby, R., dan Rusianto, T. 2016. Perancangan Belt Conveyor

sebagai Pengangkut Batubara dengan Kapasitas 2700 Ton/Jam. Jurnal

Teknik Mesin. 3(1): 45-51