TUGAS AKHIR

DASAR PROGRAM PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN

ARSITEKTUR (DP3A)

RAWA PENING FLOATING COTTAGE

Diajukan sebagai pelengkap dan syarat

guna mencapai gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur

Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Disusun oleh:

YUNAN ARIF SUSILA

D 300 130 068

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA

2018

ii

LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN

iii

LEMBAR PENILAIAN

iv

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

v

PERNYATAAN

vi

KATA PENGANTAR

Segala puja dan puji syukur senantiasa diucapkan bagi Rabb semesta alam

beserta segala isinya, Allah SWT yang telah memberikan segala nikmat-Nya

kepada seluruh makhluk-Nya di alam semesta-Nya. Tak lupa shalawat serta salam

tetap tercurahkan kepada idola dan panutan setiap umat manusia, Rasulullah

Muhammad SAW yang telah mengajak seluruh manusia untuk menyembah Allah

SWT yang merupakan Rabb semesta alam.

Dengan mengucapkan syukur alhamdulillah segala puji bagi Allah, pada

akhirnya penulis telah menyelesaikan Dasar Program Perencanaan dan

perancangan Arsitektur (DP3A) yang berjudul “Rawa Pening Floating Cottage”.

Terimakasih kepada Allah SWT yang telah memberi rahmat, hidayah dan

kesehatan kepada penulis hingga terselesaikannya laporan ini.

Dalam laporan Tugas Akhir ini mulai dari kelengkapan data hingga

penyusunan laporan penulis mendapat banyak masukan, bimbingan dan saran dari

berbagai pihak. Untuk itu penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada :

1. Ibu Dr. Ir W Nurjayanti, M.T. selaku Ketua Program Studi Arsitektur

Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

2. Ibu Ronom Azizah, ST., MT selaku koordinator Tugas Akhir.

3. Ibu Ronim Azizah, ST., MT selaku PLT Tugas Akhir

4. Bapak Ir. Nurhasan, M.T. selaku pembimbing penulis yang telah banyak

memberikan bimbingan, masukan dan pengarahan kepada penulis.

5. Bapak dan Ibu yang selalu mendoakan penulis disetiap sholatnya, yang selalu

memberikan dukungan moril, material dan spiritual, terimakasih atas segala

perhatian, nasehat dan kasih sayang yang tiada hentinya.

6. Sahabat dan teman-teman Arsitektur 2013 yang menjadi teman senasib dan

sepenanggungan terutama yang SKPA satu periode dengan penulis.

7. Dan semua pihak yang tidak bisa disebutkan satu-persatu, terimakasih kepada

semua yang selalu bersama saya sampai saat ini.

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DAFTAR ISI

TUGAS AKHIR ..................................................................................................... I

LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ................................................................................ II

LEMBAR PENILAIAN ...................................................................................... III

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................ IV

PERNYATAAN ..................................................................................................... V

KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................... VI

DAFTAR ISI ..................................................................................................... VIII

DAFTAR TABEL.............................................................................................. XII

DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................ XIV

ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................... XVII

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... XVIII

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ..................................................................................... 1

1.1 Pengertian Judul ....................................................................................... 1

1.2 Latar Belakang.......................................................................................... 2

1.2.1 Potensi Pariwisata Kabupaten Semarang .......................................... 2

1.2.2 Potensi Rawa Pening ......................................................................... 3

1.3 Usulan (Pemerintah, Masyarakat, Ahli) ................................................... 4

1.4 Permasalahan ............................................................................................ 5

1.5 Persoalan................................................................................................... 5

1.6 Tujuan dan Sasaran................................................................................... 6

1.6.1 Tujuan ............................................................................................... 6

1.6.2 Sasaran .............................................................................................. 6

1.7 Batasan dan Lingkup Pembahasan ........................................................... 6

1.7.1 Lingkup Pembahasan ........................................................................ 6

1.8 Keluaran ................................................................................................... 7

1.9 Metode Pembahasan ................................................................................. 7

1.9.1 Kompilasi Data.................................................................................. 7

1.9.2 Analisis data ...................................................................................... 7

1.9.3 Hasil .................................................................................................. 8

1.10 Sistematika Penulisan ............................................................................... 8

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BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ........................................................................ 10

2.1 Tinjauan Tentang Pariwisata .................................................................. 10

2.1.1 Pengertian Pariwisata ...................................................................... 10

2.1.2 Pengertian Wisatawan ..................................................................... 12

2.1.3 Syarat Suatu Obyek Wisata dapat Dikembangkan.......................... 13

2.1.4 Pengembangan Pariwisata ............................................................... 13

2.1.5 Unsur Pokok Sarana Wisata ............................................................ 14

2.2 Tinjauan Kawasan dan Kawasan Wisata ................................................ 15

2.2.1 Kawasan .......................................................................................... 15

2.2.2 Kawasan Wisata .............................................................................. 16

2.3 Tinjauan Ekowisata ................................................................................ 16

2.4 Wisata Danau.......................................................................................... 18

2.4.1 Fungsi Danau .................................................................................. 19

2.5 Tinjauan Tentang Cottage ...................................................................... 19

2.5.1 Pengertian Cottage .......................................................................... 19

2.5.2 Klasifikasi Cottage (acuan hotel berbintang) ................................. 20

2.5.3 Karakteristik Cottage ...................................................................... 22

2.5.4 Bentuk Cottage................................................................................ 24

2.5.5 Pengembangan Cottage Berdasarkan Karakter Kawasan ............... 25

2.5.6 Faktor-faktor Pertimbangan Perencanaan Cottage.......................... 26

2.5.7 Konsep Cottage Sebagai Tujuan Wisata ......................................... 26

2.5.8 Kategori Pengunjung ....................................................................... 28

2.5.9 Dasar-Dasar Perencanaan Cottage .................................................. 28

2.6 Style Sebagai Penekanan ........................................................................ 29

2.6.1 Arsitektur Kontekstual .................................................................... 29

2.6.2 Konsep Kontekstual ........................................................................ 29

2.6.3 Ciri-Ciri Kontekstual ....................................................................... 30

2.6.4 Unsur-Unsur Kontekstual................................................................ 30

2.7 Tinjauan Floating Structure ................................................................... 31

2.7.1 Komponen Penyusun Bangunan Apung ......................................... 31

2.7.2 Sirkulasi dan Penataan Massa Bangunan ........................................ 33

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2.7.3 Macam-Macam Material Struktur Bangunan Apung ...................... 34

2.8 Rumah Tradisional Jawa Tengah ........................................................... 38

2.8.1 Konsep Ruang ................................................................................. 39

2.8.2 Orientasi Ruang ............................................................................... 39

2.8.3 Konfigurasi Ruang .......................................................................... 40

2.8.4 Bentuk Rumah Jawa ........................................................................ 40

2.9 Studi Banding Floating Cottage ............................................................. 44

2.10 Gagasan Rawa Pening Floating Cottage ............................................... 50

BAB III TINJAUAN LOKASI .......................................................................... 52

3.1 Tinjauan Umum Kabupaten Semarang .................................................. 52

3.1.1 Sejarah Kab. Semarang ................................................................... 52

3.1.2 Geografis ......................................................................................... 53

3.1.3 Administratif ................................................................................... 53

3.1.4 Topografi ......................................................................................... 54

3.1.5 Iklim ................................................................................................ 55

3.1.6 Sarana dan Prasarana....................................................................... 55

3.1.7 Perekonomian .................................................................................. 56

3.2 Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kab. Semarang....................................... 56

3.3 Eksisting Rawa Pening dan Kec. Banyubiru .......................................... 57

3.3.1 Tinjauan Umum .............................................................................. 57

3.3.2 Kondisi Fisik dan Geografis Kawasan Rawa Pening ...................... 58

3.3.3 Potensi Rawa Pening dan Kec. Banyubiru ...................................... 59

3.4 Alternatif Site ......................................................................................... 60

3.4.1 Penentuan Site ................................................................................. 62

BAB IV ANALISIS PENDEKATAN SERTA KONSEP PERENCANAAN

DAN PERANCANGAN ...................................................................................... 64

4.1 Gagasan Perencanaan ............................................................................. 64

4.2 Arahan Perencanaan Secara Fisik .......................................................... 64

4.3 Analisis dan Konsep Site ........................................................................ 65

4.3.1 Kriteria Lokasi Terpilih................................................................... 65

4.3.2 Analisa Site Terpilih ....................................................................... 65

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4.4 Analisis dan Konsep Ruang.................................................................... 82

4.4.1 Analisa dan Konsep Pola Kegiatan ................................................. 82

4.4.2 Analisa dan Konsep Aktifitas Tata Ruang ...................................... 83

4.4.3 Analisa dan Konsep Besaran Ruang ............................................... 86

4.4.4 Hubungan Ruang ............................................................................. 93

4.5 Analisis dan Konsep Penampilan Arsitektur .......................................... 94

4.5.1 Massa Bangunan ............................................................................. 94

4.5.2 Tampilan Bangunan ........................................................................ 96

4.6 Analisis Sturktur dan Utilitas Cottage .................................................. 100

4.6.1 Konsep Struktur ............................................................................ 100

4.6.2 Analisis Utilitas ............................................................................. 102

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 106

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Kuat tarik dan tekan berbagai jenis bambu di Indonesia ...................... 35

Tabel 2.2 Tipe dan Fasilitas Floating Cottage ...................................................... 45

Tabel 2.3 Fasilitas dan Layanan Cottage .............................................................. 46

Tabel 2.4 Floating Cottage Pulau Ayer ................................................................. 46

Tabel 2.5 Fasilitas Kamar Beejay Bakau Resort ................................................... 48

Tabel 2.6 Beejay Bakau Resort ............................................................................. 49

Tabel 2.7 Gagasan Cottage ................................................................................... 50

Tabel 3.1 Jumlah Desa dan Kelurahan Menurut Kecamatan di Kabupaten

Semarang Tahun 2016 .......................................................................................... 54

Tabel 3.2 Rata-rata Curah Hujan Kabupaten Semarang 2016 .............................. 55

Tabel 3.3 Potensi Kawasan Rawa Pening dan Banyubiru .................................... 59

Tabel 3.4 Penilaian Site......................................................................................... 62

Tabel 4.1 Zonifikasi Site ...................................................................................... 76

Tabel 4.2 Analisa Softscape .................................................................................. 79

Tabel 4.3 Kegiatan Zona Parkir ............................................................................ 83

Tabel 4.4 Kegiatan Zona Penerimaan ................................................................... 83

Tabel 4.5 Kegiatan Zona Penginapan ................................................................... 84

Tabel 4.6 Kegiatan Zona Peribadatan ................................................................... 84

Tabel 4.7 Kegiatan Zona Cinderamata.................................................................. 84

Tabel 4.8 Kegiatan Zona Restoran ........................................................................ 84

Tabel 4.9 Kegiatan Zona Hiburan dan Fasilitas Cottage ...................................... 85

Tabel 4.10 Kegiatan Zona Pengelola .................................................................... 85

Tabel 4.11 Besaran Ruang Parkir Cottage ............................................................ 86

Tabel 4.12 Besaran Ruang Penerimaan Cottage ................................................... 87

Tabel 4.13 Besaran Ruang Pengelola.................................................................... 87

Tabel 4.14 Besaran Ruang Tipe Cottage............................................................... 88

Tabel 4.15 Besaran Ruang Fasilitas Penunjang .................................................... 89

Tabel 4.16 Besaran Ruang Area Servis................................................................. 90

Tabel 4. 17 Total Besaran Ruang .......................................................................... 92

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Tabel 4.18 Karakter Bentuk .................................................................................. 95

Tabel 4.19 Alternatif Material............................................................................... 98

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1.1 Peta Lokasi Rawa Pening Ambara Kabupaten Semarang ................... 4

Gambar 2.1 Diagram Pasar Wisata ...................................................................... 18

Gambar 2.2 Cottage dengan pemandangan alam terbuka ..................................... 22

Gambar 2.3 Wisatawan sedang berlibur ............................................................... 23

Gambar 2.4 Cottage dengan arsitektur tradisional Gorontalo ............................... 23

Gambar 2.5 Kolam renang sebagai fasilitas tambahan ......................................... 24

Gambar 2.6 Pola Ruang ........................................................................................ 34

Gambar 2.7 Rumah Lanting di Palembang ........................................................... 35

Gambar 2.8 Tong Besi sebagai material apung .................................................... 36

Gambar 2.9 Pulau Spiral ....................................................................................... 37

Gambar 2.10 Bangunan apung Tambak Lorok Semarang .................................... 37

Gambar 2.11 Rumah Lanting di Banjarmasin....................................................... 38

Gambar 2.12 Urutan Tingkat Kesakralan dan Cahaya Dalam Ruang .................. 39

Gambar 2.13 Posisi Pagelaran Wayang ................................................................ 40

Gambar 2.14 Panggang Pe Pokok ......................................................................... 41

Gambar 2.15 Rumah Adat Kampung .................................................................... 42

Gambar 2.16 Rumah Adat Limasan ...................................................................... 42

Gambar 2.17 Rumah Joglo .................................................................................... 43

Gambar 2.18 Rumah Adat Tajug .......................................................................... 44

Gambar 2.19 Master Plan Island & Cottage Kepulauan Seribu............................ 45

Gambar 2.20 Standard floating cottage (Serui).................................................... 46

Gambar 2.21 Bedroom (Serui) .............................................................................. 46

Gambar 2.22 Family Floating Cottage (Fakfak) ................................................... 46

Gambar 2.23 Bedroom (FakFak) .......................................................................... 46

Gambar 2.24 Living room (FakFak) ..................................................................... 47

Gambar 2.25 VIP floating cottage (Ransiki)......................................................... 47

Gambar 2.26 Bedroom (Ransiki) .......................................................................... 47

Gambar 2.27 Dining & Living room ( Ransiki) .................................................... 47

Gambar 2.28 Restaurant ........................................................................................ 47

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Gambar 2.29 Kolam renang .................................................................................. 47

Gambar 2.30 Speedboat ........................................................................................ 47

Gambar 2.31 Minimarket ...................................................................................... 47

Gambar 2.32 Beejay Bakau Resort ....................................................................... 49

Gambar 2.33 Bungalow Executive Room ............................................................. 49

Gambar 2.34 Bungalow Junior Suite room ........................................................... 49

Gambar 2.35 Bungalow Graha Family ................................................................. 49

Gambar 2.36 Rest-O-Tent ..................................................................................... 49

Gambar 2.37 Restaurant ........................................................................................ 50

Gambar 2.38 Water Park ....................................................................................... 50

Gambar 3.1 Peta Kabupaten Semarang ................................................................ 53

Gambar 3.2 Peta Kecamatan Banyubiru ............................................................... 58

Gambar 3.3 Bukit Cinta Rawa Pening .................................................................. 59

Gambar 3.4 Pemandian Alam Muncul .................................................................. 59

Gambar 3.5 Kerajinan Enceng Gondok ................................................................ 59

Gambar 3.6 Candi Dukuh Brawijaya V ................................................................ 59

Gambar 3.7 Kegiatan Memancing ........................................................................ 60

Gambar 3.8 Pengambilan Enceng Gondok ........................................................... 60

Gambar 3.9 Alternatif Site 1 ................................................................................. 60

Gambar 3.10 Alternatif Site 2 ............................................................................... 61

Gambar 4.1 Alternatif Site 1................................................................................. 66

Gambar 4.2 Ukuran dan Batasan Site ................................................................... 67

Gambar 4.3 Konsep Pencapaian ........................................................................... 68

Gambar 4.4 Kondisi Kontur Eksisting .................................................................. 71

Gambar 4.5 Analisa Orientasi dan View............................................................... 72

Gambar 4.6 Analisa Matahari ............................................................................... 73

Gambar 4.7 Analisa Kebisingan ........................................................................... 74

Gambar 4.8 Analisa Angin .................................................................................... 75

Gambar 4.9 Konsep Zonifikasi Site ...................................................................... 77

Gambar 4.10 Pola Kegiatan Pengunjung Cottage ................................................. 82

Gambar 4.11 Pola Kegiatan Pengunjung Restoran dan Fasilitas .......................... 82

Gambar 4.12 Pola Kegiatan Pengelola.................................................................. 83

Gambar 4.13 Pola Hubungan Cottage ................................................................... 93

Gambar 4.14 Pola Hubungan Fasilitas Cottage .................................................... 93

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Gambar 4.15 Pola Hubungan Pengelola Cottage .................................................. 93

Gambar 4.16 Pola Hubungan Servis Cottage (non publik) ................................... 94

Gambar 4.17 Pola Hubungan Servis Cottage (publik) .......................................... 94

Gambar 4.18 Sketsa Block Plan ............................................................................ 96

Gambar 4.19 Alternatif Eksterior Cottage ............................................................ 97

Gambar 4.20 Alternatif Eksterior Penerimaan dan Restoran ................................ 97

Gambar 4.21 Alternatif Interior Restoran dan Lobby ........................................... 97

Gambar 4.22 Alternatif Interior Cottage ............................................................... 98

Gambar 4.23 Kerangka Atap Joglo Kayu ........................................................... 100

Gambar 4.24 Konstruksi Atap Bambu ................................................................ 101

Gambar 4.25 Pondasi apung bangunan ............................................................... 101

Gambar 4.26 Pondasi apung selasar.................................................................... 102

Gambar 4.27 Pondasi Batu Kali Menerus ........................................................... 102

Gambar 4.28 Skema Sistem Air Bersih .............................................................. 103

Gambar 4.29 Skeme Sistem Air Kotor ............................................................... 103

Gambar 4.30 Skema Pengolahan Sampah .......................................................... 104

Gambar 4.31 Skema Jaringan Listrik .................................................................. 104

Gambar 4.32 Hidrant Halaman ........................................................................... 105