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TUGAS AKHIR

DASAR PROGRAM PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN

ARSITEKTUR (DP3A)

SURAKARTA ILLUSTRATION ART SPACE DENGAN PENDEKATAN

GREEN ARCHITECTURE

Diajukan Untuk Melengkapi Persyaratan Guna Mencapai Derajat S-1

Program Studi Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik

Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Disusun Oleh :

HANIF IHSANUDIN

D300140034

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA

2018

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KATA PENGANTAR

Assalamualaikum wr.wb.

Puji syukur saya panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, karena dengan rahmat,

karunia, dan anugerah-Nya, saya telah dapat menyelesaikan Laporan Dasar-dasar

Program Perencanaan dan Perancangan Arsitektur (DP3A) Tugas Akhir yang

berjudul ‘Surakarta Illustration Art Space Dengan Pendekatan Green

Architecture’.

Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam penyusunan ini tidak lepas dari pihak-

pihak yang telah banyak membantu dengan semua saran, kritik, sumbangan

pikiran, tenaga dan waktu, serta bimbingan yang diberikan kepada penyusun.

Dengan penuh rasa hormat, penulis ingin mengucapkan terimakasih sebesar-

besarnya kepada :

1. Ibu Dr. Ir. Widyastuti Nurjayanti,M.T., selaku Ketua Program Studi

Arsitektur Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta sekaligus pembimbing

Dasar-dasar Program Perencanaan dan Perancangan Arsitektur (DP3A).

2. Ibu Ronim Azizah, ST,MT selaku koordinator Dasar-dasar Program

Perencanaan dan Perancangan Arsitektur (DP3A) Program Studi Arsitektur

Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

3. Orang tuaku tercinta atas segala perhatian, kasih sayang, serta doa yang tiada

henti-hentinya.

4. Sahabatku Iwa Dwi Jayanto yang telah membantu mencari data untuk

penyusunan laporan ini.

5. Kepada semua pihak yang terlibat dalam penyusunan laporan ini, saya

mengucapkan banyak terimakasih atas segala bantuan yang diberikan.

Penyusun menyadari bahwa laporan ini jauh dari kata sempura, untuk itu

penyusun mengharap kritik dan saran untuk kesempurnaan penyusunan laporan

mendatang. Dengan penuh harapan semoga laporan ini dapat bermanfaat bagi kita

semua.

Wassalamualaikum wr,wb.

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DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... iv

DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... vi

DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................. x

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................. xii

BAB 1 ..................................................................................................................... 1

PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Deskripsi Judul .............................................................................................. 1

1.2 Latar Belakang .............................................................................................. 2

1.2.1 Latar belakang umum ............................................................................. 2

1.2.2 Kondisi Art Space di Surakarta ............................................................... 4

1.2.3 Titik Berkumpulnya Komunitas (Sebagai Aktifitas) .............................. 6

1.2.4 Macam Komunitas .................................................................................. 6

1.3 Rumusan Permasalahan ................................................................................. 7

1.4 Tujuan dan Sasaran ....................................................................................... 7

1.4.1 Tujuan ..................................................................................................... 7

1.4.2 Sasaran .................................................................................................... 7

1.5 Lingkup Pembahasan .................................................................................... 8

1.6 Metode Pembahasan ...................................................................................... 8

1.6.1 Pengumpulan Data .................................................................................. 8

1.6.2 Pengolahan Data ..................................................................................... 8

1.6.3 Perumusan Konsep ................................................................................. 9

1.7 Sistematika Pembahasan ............................................................................... 9

BAB II ................................................................................................................... 11

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ....................................................................................... 11

2.1 Tinjauan Umum Illustration ........................................................................ 11

2.1.1 Definisi Illustration............................................................................... 11

2.1.2 Fungsi dan Tujuan Illustration ........................................................ 11

2.1.3 Jenis-jenis Illustration ..................................................................... 12

2.2.4 Teknik Gambar Illustration .................................................................. 13

2.2 Tinjauan Illustration Art Space ................................................................... 13

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2.2.1 Pengertian Illustration Art Space .......................................................... 13

2.2.2 Fungsi Galeri Seni ................................................................................ 14

2.2.3 Klasifikasi Galeri Seni .......................................................................... 14

2.2.4 Program Kegiatan Galeri Seni .............................................................. 15

2.2.5 Pengelola dan Pengguna Galeri Seni .................................................... 16

2.3 Tinjauan Green Architecture ....................................................................... 17

2.3.1 Pengertian Sustainable Architecture ..................................................... 17

2.3.2 Prinsip-Prinsip Green Architecture ..................................................... 17

2.4 Prinsip-Prinsip Perancangan Illustration Art Space .................................... 19

2.4.1 Pola Tata Massa Bangunan ................................................................... 19

2.4.2 Konfigurasi Perletakan Massa .............................................................. 20

2.4.3 Bentuk Bangunan .................................................................................. 20

2.4.4 Sirkulasi ................................................................................................ 21

2.4.5 Standar Penataan Objek ........................................................................ 25

2.4.6 Pencahayaan.......................................................................................... 26

2.5 Studi Komparasi Art Space dan Museum .................................................... 33

2.5.1 Sangkring Art Space Yogyakarta .......................................................... 33

2.5.2 Museum Affandi Yogyakarta ............................................................... 36

2.5.3 Selasar Sunaryo Art Space .............................................................. 38

2.5.4 Gagasan Kesimpulan Studi Banding .................................................... 40

BAB III ................................................................................................................. 41

GAMBARAN UMUM LOKASI PERENCANAAN ........................................... 41

3.1 Data Fisik ............................................................................................... 41

3.1.1 Geografis ......................................................................................... 41

3.1.2 Klimatologi ..................................................................................... 42

3.1.3 Tata Guna Lahan Kota Surakarta .................................................... 44

3.2 Data Non Fisik ............................................................................................. 46

3.2.1 Kependudukan ...................................................................................... 46

3.2.2 Pendidikan ............................................................................................ 46

3.2.3 Pariwisata ........................................................................................ 47

3.2.4 Persebaran Galeri dan Komunitas Seni di Surakarta ............................ 48

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3.2.5 Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kota Surakarta ..................................... 48

3.3 Gagasan Perencanaan .................................................................................. 51

3.3.1 Definisi.................................................................................................. 51

3.3.2 Tujuan dan Fungsi Illustration Art Space ....................................... 51

3.3.3 Program Kegiatan............................................................................ 51

3.3.4 Lingkup pelayanan .......................................................................... 52

3.3.5 Pelaku Kegiatan .............................................................................. 52

3.3.6 Pemilihan Lokasi Perencanaan ............................................................. 53

BAB IV ................................................................................................................. 56

ANALISIS PENDEKATAN DAN KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN

PERANCANGAN ................................................................................................ 56

4.1 Analisa Pemilihan Site ................................................................................ 56

4.2 Analisa dan Konsep Site .............................................................................. 63

4.2.1 Analisa pencapaian ............................................................................... 63

4.2.2 Analisa sirkulasi .................................................................................... 65

4.2.3 Analisa klimatologi ............................................................................... 67

4.2.4 Analisa view ......................................................................................... 69

4.2.5 Analisa vegetasi .................................................................................... 71

4.2.6 Analisa zonifikasi ................................................................................. 72

4.3 Analisa dan Konsep Ruang ......................................................................... 74

4.3.1 Analisa pelaku kegiatan ........................................................................ 74

4.3.2 Analisa jenis kegiatan dan kebutuhan ruang......................................... 75

4.3.3 Analisa pengelompokan ruang.............................................................. 78

4.4 Analisa dan Konsep Massa .......................................................................... 84

4.4.1 Bentuk dasar bangunan ......................................................................... 84

4.4.2 Pola tata massa bangunan ..................................................................... 84

4.5 Analisa dan Konsep Tampilan Arsitektur ................................................... 85

4.5.1 Eksterior bangunan ............................................................................... 85

4.5.2 Interior bangunan .................................................................................. 86

4.6 Analisa dan Konsep Struktur dan Utilitas ................................................... 89

4.6.1 Analisa struktur ............................................................................... 89

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4.6.2 Analisa utilitas ...................................................................................... 92

4.7 Analisa dan Konsep Penekanan Arsitektur Hijau ....................................... 96

4.7.1 Sustainable ............................................................................................ 98

4.7.2 Earthfriendly (Ramah lingkungan) ....................................................... 99

4.7.3 High Performance Building .................................................................. 99

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... 100

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1. 1 Peta wilayah kota Surakarta ............................................................... 3

Gambar 1. 2 Interior Ruang Pamer ......................................................................... 5

Gambar 1. 3 Eksterior Ruang Pamer....................................................................... 6

Gambar 2. 1 Pola sirkulasi ruang pamer ............................................................... 22

Gambar 2. 2 Jenis sirkulasi dalam ruang .............................................................. 23

Gambar 2. 3 Standar sudut pandang ..................................................................... 26

Gambar 2. 4 Ilustrasi sistem pencahayaan merata ................................................ 29

Gambar 2. 5 Ilustrasi sistem pencahayaan terarah ................................................ 29

Gambar 2. 6 Ilustrasi highlighting ........................................................................ 30

Gambar 2. 7 Ilustrasi highlighting ........................................................................ 31

Gambar 2. 8 Ilustrasi wallwashing ........................................................................ 31

Gambar 2. 9 Ilustrasi wallwashing ........................................................................ 32

Gambar 2. 10 Ilustrasi back lighting ..................................................................... 32

Gambar 2. 11 Ilustrasi beam play ......................................................................... 33

Gambar 2. 12 Sangkring Art Space ....................................................................... 34

Gambar 2. 13 Ruang Pamer Sangkring Art Space ................................................ 35

Gambar 2. 14 Ruang Pamer Museum Affandi ...................................................... 37

Gambar 2. 15 Top Light System pada Museum Affandi ....................................... 38

Gambar 2. 16 Top Light System pada Museum Affandi ....................................... 38

Gambar 3. 1 Wilayah administratif Surakarta....................................................... 42

Gambar 3. 2 Grafik Suhu Kota Surakarta tahun 2016 .......................................... 43

Gambar 3. 3 Wilayah Sub Pusat Kota V di Surakarta .......................................... 55

Gambar 4. 1 Lokasi alternatif site 1 ...................................................................... 57

Gambar 4. 2 Batas dan kondisi eksisting site 1 ..................................................... 58

Gambar 4. 3 Lokasi alternatif site 2 ...................................................................... 58

Gambar 4. 4 Batas dan kondisi eksisting site 2 ..................................................... 59

Gambar 4. 5 Lokasi alternatif site 3 ...................................................................... 60

Gambar 4. 6 Batas dan kondisi eksisting site 3 ..................................................... 61

Gambar 4. 7 Eksisting site terpilih ........................................................................ 63

Gambar 4. 8 Analisa pencapaian ........................................................................... 64

Gambar 4. 9 Konsep pencapaian ........................................................................... 65

Gambar 4. 10 Analisa sirkulasi ............................................................................. 66

Gambar 4. 11 Konsep sirkulasi ............................................................................. 67

Gambar 4. 12 Analisa klimatologi ........................................................................ 68

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Gambar 4. 13 Konsep klimatologi ........................................................................ 69

Gambar 4. 14 Analisa view ................................................................................... 70

Gambar 4. 15 Konsep view ................................................................................... 71

Gambar 4. 16 Analisa vegetasi.............................................................................. 71

Gambar 4. 17 Konsep vegetasi.............................................................................. 72

Gambar 4. 18 Analisa zonifikasi ........................................................................... 73

Gambar 4. 19 Konsep zonifikasi ........................................................................... 74

Gambar 4. 20 Pemilihan bentuk dasar bangunan .................................................. 84

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2. 1 Jenis pola massa dan bentuk perletakan massa .................................... 20

Tabel 2. 2 Bentuk dasar bangunan dan ruang ....................................................... 21

Tabel 2. 3 Hubungan jalur dan ruang .................................................................... 24

Tabel 2. 4 Penataan Objek 2 Dimensi ................................................................... 26

Tabel 3. 1 Luas wilayah menurut Kecamatan di Surakarta 2016 ......................... 42

Tabel 3. 2Rata-rata suhu dan kelembaban udara menurut bulan di Surakarta 2017

............................................................................................................................... 43

Tabel 3. 3 Curah hujan kota Surakarta tahun 2016 ............................................... 44

Tabel 3. 4 Luas penggunaan tanah tiap Kecamatan di Surakarta tahun 2016 ....... 45

Tabel 3. 5 Jumlah Penduduk dan Laju Pertumbuhan Penduduk di Kota Surakarta

2010, 2015, dan 2016 ............................................................................................ 46

Tabel 3. 6 Penduduk Usia 5 tahun ke atas Menurut Pendidikan Tertinggi yang

ditamatkan di Kota Surakarta tahun 2016 ............................................................. 47

Tabel 3. 7 Jumlah Wisatawan Mancanegara dan Domestik di Kota Surakarta

tahun 2012-2016 ................................................................................................... 48

Tabel 3. 8 Jumlah Data Komunitas Seni dan Budaya Kabupaten/Kota Surakarta 48

Tabel 4. 1 Bobot penentuan site ............................................................................ 61

Tabel 4. 2 Peraturan Daerah Nomor 8 Tahun 2016 tentang KDB, KLB, KDH ... 62

Tabel 4. 3 Jenis Kegiatan dan Kebutuhan Ruang ................................................. 75

Tabel 4. 4 Pengelompokan Ruang ........................................................................ 78

Tabel 4. 5 Program Ruang .................................................................................... 80

Tabel 4. 6 RINGKASAN KRITERIA GREENSHIP ........................................... 96