The 16 Tenses

Expert English Course Speaking / Grammar Program

QUESTION WORDSCara membuat kalimat menggunakan question word:1. Question word yang menayakan subject, caranya:

- Ganti subyeknya dengan kata tanya, dengan catatan:a. simple present, V-1 nya ditambahkan s/es (tanpa do/does)b. simple past, langsung V-2 (tanpa did)c. jika ada kata bantu, pilihlah untuk yang tunggal: is, was, has, will.

- rumus umumnya: QW + auxiliary (tunggal) + verb .....?- contoh: who goes to school everyday?

Who went to school yesterday?Who is studying English right now?

2. Question word yang menanyakan selain subject, caranya:- selalu menggunakan kata bantu (auxiliary), dengan catatan:

a. Auxiliary harus sesuai dengan subyeknya (am I, are you, is he, …..)b. Letakkan subject setelah auxiliary (do you, will they……)c. Setelah auxiliary pertama jika ada beberapa auxiliary.

- Rumus umumnya : QW + auxiliary + subject + …..+verb…?- Contoh: What do you speak every day?

What does she write once a month?Where have they been discussing their problem?

Q. WORD MEANING QUESTION ANSWER

Who (siapa) Menanyakan subject/

Object (orang)

Who is writing a letter?

She is writing a letter.

Whom (siapa) Menanyakan object (orang)

Whom did you visit last night?

I visited my parent last night.

With whom

(dengan siapa)

Menanyakan object (orang)

With whom do you come here?

I come here with my friend.

For whom

(untuk siapa)

Menanyakan object (orang)

For whom do you buy this drinking water?

It is for you.

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What (apa)

What (apa)

Menanyakan subject (Benda/hewan)

What has eaten a mouse?

A cat has eaten a mouse

Menanyakan verb What are you doing?

I am listening to the music.

Menanyakan object What are you writing?

I am writing a letter.

What…. Menanyakan informasi (noun)

What book did you buy?

I bought an English book.

What for Untuk apa What do you come here for?

I just want to make you happy.

What like Seperti apa What is your book like?

My book is small, blue, and there is my name on it.

What + noun(s)

Kamus-kamus apa……

What dictionaries do you need?

I need an English dictionary.

What time

(jam berapa)

Menanyakan waktu What time will she go to school?

She will go to school at 06:30 am.

What age Umur berapa What age are you? I am 17.

What color? Warna apa…. What color is your pen?

My pen is black color.

What if Bagaimana jika What if we go to Okay. I think so.

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Malang now?

How (bagaimana)

Menanyakan cara How did you go to Bandung?

I went to Bandung by train.

How to Bagaimana untuk How to make this cake?

I don’t know how to make it.

How many

(berapa banyak)

untuk benda yang dapat di hitung

How many students are from B class?

There are 36 students.

How deep Berapa dalam…. How deep is this well?

For about 27 meters.

How wide Berapa lebar…. How wide is this street?

Maybe 10 meters.

How high Berapa tinggi…..

(untuk benda)

How high is this tree?

For about 14 meters

How tall Berapa tinggi…..

(untuk orang)

How tall is your father?

171 centimeters

How many times

Berapa kali…. How many times have you visited Borobudur temple?

Only 2 times

How often Berapa sering…. How often do you go abroad?

Every two months I go to abroad

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How many + nouns

(Benda yang bisa di hitung satuannya)

Berapa banyak… How many girls visit me?

How many boys has she kissed?

There are 4 girls.

She has kissed 10 boys.

How old Berapa umur…. How old is she? 14th

How far Menanyakan jarak How far is Bandung from Bogor?

Less more 230 kilometers.

How long Berapa lama….. How long have you been here?

Less more ten moths.

How much (Benda yang tidak bisa di hitung satuannya)

Berapa harga…… How much is your book?

Only thirty six thousands.

How much Berapa (dalam hitungan)

How much is five + five?

It is ten

How fast Berapa kecepatan… How fast were you driving?

For about 40 km/hour.

Which (yang mana)

Menanyakan pilihan bisa diikuti bendanya (boleh jamak/tunggal)

Which bag do you want?

I want a Small and black bag.

Where Menanyakan tempat Where do you I live in Surabaya

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(dimana) live?

When (kapan) Menanyakan waktu When did you go to pare?

I went to pare in 2009

Whose (milik siapa)

Menanyakan kepemilikan dapat dapat diikuti bendanya (boleh jamak/tunggal)

Whose book will you borrow?

Whose is this book?

Whose books does he need?

I will borrow Putri’s book

This book is mine.

He needs my books.

Why Kenapa

Menenyakan alasan

Why don’t you go there?

I am busy.

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SENTENCEDef: Suatu gabungan dari beberapa kata yang memiliki pengertian yang

sempurna setidaknya terdiri dari Subject & predicate.Sentence dibagi 2:

1. Verbal sentenceSuatu kalimat yang menerangkan kata kerja.I go to school.

2. Nominal sentenceSuatu kalimat yang terdiri dari kata sifat, kata benda, kata keterangan.I am handsome : Adjective / kt.sifat. How are you?I am a student : Noun / kt.benda. What are you?I am here : Adverb / kt.keterangan. Where are you?

TENSESAdalah perubahan kata kerja yang menunjukan waktu dan sifat kejadian.

Menurut waktunya tenses dibagi menjadi:1. Present (masa sekarang)2. Past (masa lampau)3. Future (masa depan)4. Past future (Rencana masa lampau)

Menurut sifatnya tenses dibagi menjadi:1. Simple (sederhana)2. Continuous (sedang berlangsung)3. Perfect (telah)4. Perfect continuous (telah berlangsung selama)

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THE 16 TENSES TABLE

Sifatwaktu

Simple Continuous PerfectPerfect continuous

Present

(+)S+V1(s/es)+O.

(-)S+(do/does) +Not+ V1+O

I speak English

S+Aux(are/ am/ is)+Ving+OI am speaking English

S+have/has+V3+OI have spoken English

S+have/has+been+Ving +OI have been speaking English

Past

(+) S+V2+O(-)S+did+not +V1+OI spoke English

S+Aux(was/ were)+Ving+OI was speaking English

S+had+V3+OI had spoken English

S+had+been+Ving+OI had been speaking English

Future

S+will/shall+V1+OI will speak English

S+will/shall+be+Ving+OI will be speaking English

S+will/shall+been+ V3+OI will have spoken English

S+will/shall+have+ been+Ving+OI will have been speaking English

Past future

S+would/should+V1+OI would speak English

S+would/should+be +Ving+OI would be speaking English

S+would/should+have +V3+OI would have spoken English

S+would/shold+have+been+Ving+OI would have been speaking English

1. Simple Present Tense Formula verbal:

(+) S + v1 (s/es) + o + (adverb).(-) S + do/does + not + v1 + o + (adverb).

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(?) Do/does + s + v1 + o + (adverb)?Eg:(+) She always brings a book.(-) She doesn’t always bring a book.(?) Does she always bring a book?DO I, you, they, we DOES he, she, it

Formula nominal:(+) S + is/am/are + ANA (Adjective, Noun, Adverb)(-) S + is/am/are + not + ANA (Adjective, Noun, Adverb)(?) Is/Am/Are/ + S + ANA (Adjective, Noun, Adverb)?(+) She is crazy. ( Adjective)(-) They are not teachers. (noun)(?) Am I at my home? (adverb)

Keterangan waktu:Every day : setiap hari. Twice a week : dua kali seminggu.Seldom : jarang. Every week : setiap minggu.Never : tidak pernah. On Sunday : hari minggu.Often : sering. Ever : pernah.Usually : biasanya. Always : selalu.

Question word:Her mother buys a new motor cycle .

a b c d e fa. Whose mother buys a new motor cycle?b. Who buys a new motor cycle?c. What does her mother do?d. How many new motor cycles does her mother buy?e. Which motor cycle does her mother buy?f. What does her mother buy?

Function:1. Menyatakan kebenaran umum.

- The sun rises in the east. (Matahari terbit disebelah timur)2. Menyatakan aktivitas sehari-hari atau kebiasaan (habitual action).

- We eat rice everyday (kita makan nasi setiap hari)

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3. Menyatakan situasi yang ada saat sekarang dengan tidak menggunakan kata kerja non progressive.- He needs a pen right now.- I have only a thousand right now.

4. Sebagai Judul Surat KabarThe Terrortist attact Jakarta

SBY visits Dutch5. Perintah atau LaranganLaily . . . open your book, please!

Don’t be lazy!6. Future Time (Terjadwal - Kelembagaan)EEC office opens at 0700 o’clock tomorrowThe train leaves at 0900 o’clock tomorrow7. Ability (Kemampuan)Laily sings keong racun song melodiouslyLaily can sing keong racun song melodiously7. Series of action (Kejadian yang berurutan)I want to make cake. The first, I pour the water into the bowl, I add 3

eggs, sugar and I stir it well. . . .8. Untuk memberikan komentar dalam sebuah pertandinganRonaldo takes the ball from Carlos. He brings the ball to the middle and

then he gives it to Raul, he controls the ball and shoolts. . . goal!9. Digunakan untuk menggantikan Present Continuous pada beberapa

kata kerja yang tidak lazim dalam bentuk Continuous.You like her. Not –You are liking her.10. Digunakan dalam anak kalimat (if clause) conditional sentence 1.If she comes, he will give her a bunch of flowers.11. Digunakan dalam Clausa waktu apabila merupakan suatu hal yang

rutin terjadi atau induk kalimatnya dalam simple future tense.She watches television after she comes home from schoolWe will go home if it stops raining12. Untuk kalimat seru yang di mulai dengan “here” dan “there”Here he comes!There he goes!

Cara-cara penambahan s/es pada V1

a. Berakhiran (ss,sh,ch,x,o) ditambahkan “es”kisskisses catch catches go goes

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wash washes fix fixes do does

b. Berakhiran “y” yang didahului konsonan di ubah jadi “ies”study studies fry fries try triesdry dries cry cries fly flies

c. Berakhiran “y” tapi di dahului vocal maka cukup ditambah “s”play plays say says buy buys

d. secara umum di tambahkan “s” calls, brings, writes. . .2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE.

Function:1. Menyatakan aktivitas yang sedang terjadi saat ini.- We are studying English now. (kita sedang belajar bahasa Inggris)2. Menyatakan aktivitas dimasa yang akan datang dengan menyabutkan

keterangan waktunya (dalam waktu dekat dan sudah pasti)- He is going to Bandung tomorrow.

Formula Verbal:(+) S + IS/AM/ARE + Ving + O + (adverb).(-) S + IS/AM/ARE + NOT + Ving + O + (adverb).(?) IS/AME/ARE + S + Ving + O + (adverb)?(+) He is visiting me right now.(-) He isn’t visiting me right now.(?) Is he visiting me right now?AMI IS he, she, it AREyou , they, we.

Formula nominal:(+) S + is/am/are + being + ANA (Adjective, Noun, Adverb)(-) S + is/am/are + not + being + ANA (Adjective, Noun, Adverb)(?) is/am/are/ + S + being + ANA (Adjective, Noun, Adverb)?

(+) She is being crazy. ( Adjective)(-) They are not being teachers. (noun)(?) Am I being at my home? (adverb)

Keterangan waktu:Now : sekarang At this time : saat ini

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Tonight : nanti malam At the moment : pada saat sekarangToday : hari ini Nowadays : sekarangAt present : kini Right now : sekarang jugaThis evening : malam iniThis afternoon : sore/siang iniTomorrow : besok

Question word:We are studying English now.a b c d

a. Who is studying English now?b. What are we doing now?c. What are we studying now?d. When are we studying English?

3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE Function:

- Menyatakan suatu aktivitas yang telah dilakukan pada saat yang tidak tentu diwaktu sekarang dan efek dari kejadian tersebut masih terasa sampai sekarang.

I have just taken a bath (the Effect= now I feel fresh) Formula verbal:

(+) S + HAS/HAVE + Verb 3 + O + (adverb).(-) S + HAS/HAVE + NOT + Verb 3 + O + (adverb).(?) HAS/HAVE + S + Verb 3 + O + (adverb)?(+) I have just taken a bath recently.(-) I have not just taken a bath.(?) Have I just taken a bath?

HAS SHE, HE , IT HAVEI, YOU , THEY , WE.

Formula Nominal:(+) S + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + ANA.(-) S + HAS/HAVE + NOT + BEEN +ANA.(?) HAS/HAVE + S + BEEN+ ANA ?

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(+) She has been here for long time. (Adverb)(-) They have not been a teacher. (Noun)(?) Have we been smart? (Adjective)

Keterangan waktuFor : selama Yet : belumSince : sejak Already: sudahNever : tidak pernah Ever : pernahJust : baru sajaRecently : Akhir-akhir ini/baru baru ini

Question word3 boys Have stole n my fruits in the garden.a b c d e fa. How many boys have stolen my fruits?b. Who Has stolen my fruits in the garden?c. What have 3 boys Done in the garden?d. Whose fruits have 3 boys stolen?e. What have 3 boys stolen in the garden?f. Where have 3 boys stolen my fruits?

4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS Function:

- Menyatakan aktivitas yang sudah dilakukan dan masih sedang di lakukan sampai sekarang selama beberapa waktu.

I have been studying in the class for 4 hours.

Formula Verbal:(+) S + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + Ving + O + (adverb).(-) S + HAS/HAVE + NOT + BEEN + Ving + O + (adverb).(?) HAS/HAVE + S + BEEN + Ving + O+ (adverb)?(+) I have been eating rice since still baby.(-) I have not been eating rice since still baby.(?) have I been eating rice since still baby?

Formula Nominal:(+) S + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + BEING + ANA.(-) S + HAS/HAVE + NOT + BEEN + BEING +ANA.

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(?) HAS/HAVE + S + BEEN + BEING + ANA ?

(+) She has been being here for long time. (Adverb)(-) They have not been being teacher. (Noun)(?) Have we been being smart? (Adjective)

Keterangan waktu:Since : sejak For : selama

for …. until now : selama…..sampai sekarang

Question word:FOR=>QW=how long

SINCE=>QW=whenThey have been watching TV for 2 hours .a b c da. Who has been watching TV for 2 hours?b. What have they been doing for 2 hours?c. What have they been watching for 2 hours?d. How long have they been watching TV?

5. SIMPLE PAST TENSE Function:

- Menyatakan suatu aktivitas yang terjadi pada saat tertentu disaat lampau.

- Di gunakan untuk menjelaskan suatu kebiasaan yang di lakukan pada waktu lampau.

Formula verbal:(+) S + V2 + O + ADVERB.(-) S + DID + NOT + V1 + O + ADVERB.(?) DID + S + V1 + O + ADVERB?

(+) They bought a new car yesterday.(-) They did not buy a new car yesterday.(?) Did they buy a new car yesterday?

Formula nominal:

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(+) S + was/were + ANA.(-) S + was/were + NOT + ANA(?) Was/were + S + ANA?

(+) I was smart. (Adjective)(-) We were not doctors. (Noun)(?) Was he at home yesterday? (Adverb)

Keterangan waktuYesterday : kemarinLast …………… : …………… terakhir/laluLast Week : minggu laluLast year : tahun lalu…………….. ago : …………..yang laluTwo days ago : 2 hari yang laluA week ago : seminggu yang lalu

QuestionwordS= QW + Verb 2 + O?

S= QW + did + S + V1 + O?

We bought a New car in the showroom yesterday.a b c d e f g

a. Who bought a new car in the showroom yesterday?b. What did we buy in the showroom yesterday?c. How many cars did we buy in the showroom yesterday?d. Which car did we buy in the showroom yesterday?e. What did we buy in the showroom yesterday?f. Where did we buy a new car yesterday?g. When did we buy a new car in the showroom?

6. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE. Function

- Di gunakan untuk menyatakan suatu aktivitas yang sedang terjadi di waktu yang lampau ketika perbuatan lain terjadi di waktu lampau.

I was watching TV when my girlfriend visited me. Formula verbal:

(+) S + WAS/WERE + Ving + O.(-) S + WAS/WERE + NOT + Ving + O.

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(?) WAS/WERE + S + Ving + O?(+) I was swimming all morning yesterday.(-) I wasn’t swimming all morning yesterday.(?) Was I swimming all morning yesterday?WAS I, HE, SHE ,IT. WERE YOU, THEY, WE.

Formula Nominal sentence:(+) S + WAS/WERE + being + ANA.(-) S + WAS/WERE + NOT + Being + ANA.(?) WAS/WERE + S + being + ANA ?(+) She was being beautiful. (Adjective)(-) We were being there. (Adverb)(?) Were they being carpenters? (Noun)

Keterangan waktu yang dapat di gunakan.All morning yesterday : sepanjang pagi kemarin.At . . . . O’clock yesterday : pada pukul . . . . kemarin.While : sementara.When : ketika.At this time yesterday : pada waktu ini kemarin

2 konsep kejadian.- Past continuous + when + simple past (6 when 5 / when 5, 6)

I was sleeping when my friend came.- Past continuous + while + Past continuous (6 while 6 / while 6, 6)

We were learning English while they were learning chemistry.- Simple past while past continuous (5 while 6 / while 6, 5)

She was at home while her boyfriend was calling her. Question word

They were playing foot ball in the ball field when she came to their home.a b c d e

a. Who was playing foot ball in the field when she came to their home?b. What were they doing when she came to their home?c. What were they playing in the field when she came to their home?d. Where were they playing foot ball when she came to their home?e. When were they playing foot ball in the field?

7. PAST PERFECT TENSE

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Function :- Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang telah selesai sebelum

kegiatan lain terjadi pada waktu lampau.She had phoned me before I phoned her.

Formula Verbal :(+) S + HAD + V3 + O + (ADVERB).(-) S + HAD + NOT + V3 + O + (ADVERB).(?) HAD + S + V3 + O + (ADVERB)?

Formula Nominal :(+) S + had + been + ANA.(-) S + had + NOT + been+ ANA.(?) had + S + been + ANA ?

(+) I had been in pare on November 2009. (adverb)(-) He had not been lecture. (noun)(?) Had you been sick? (adjective)

Keterangan waktu:After :setelahBefore : sebelumWhen :ketika7 before 5 before 5, 77 when 5 when 5, 75 after 7 after 7, 5

Question wordA smart girl had invited me

A b c d ea. How many smart girls had invited me?b. Which girl had invited me?c. Who had invited me?d. What had a smart girl done?e. Whom had a smart girl invited?

8. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE. Function- Untuk menyatakan aktivitas sedang berlangsung segera sebelum,

sampai, sampai lain waktu atau peristiwa.- Digunakan untuk menyatakan durasi kejadian pertama.

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I had been studying English for two hours before my friend came.

Formula Verbal:(+) S + had + been + Ving + O + adverb.(-) S + had + NOT + been + Ving + O + adverb.(?) had + S + been + Verb-ing + O + adverb?

(+) I had been reading a book for seven days before I did examination.(-) I hadn’t been reading a book for seven days before I did examination.(?) Had I been reading a book for seven days before I did examination?

Formula Nominal:(+) S + had + been + being + ANA.(-) S + had + NOT + been + being + ANA.(?) had + S + been + being + ANA ?

(+) I had been being in Tulungagung in 2010 (adverb)(-) He had not been being lecture. (noun)(?) Had we been being clever? (adjective)

Keteranganwaktu:For . . . . .Before/after . . . . : selama. . . . . sebelum/sesudah . . . . .

Question wordWe had been studying English for 2 hour s before we did examination . a b c d ea. Who had been teaching English for an hour?b. What had we been doing?c. What had we been teaching?d. How long had we been teaching English?

9. PRESENT FUTURE TENSE. function

untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang akan terjadi atau di lakukan di waktu yang akan datang.

Formula Verbal(+) S + will/shall + V1 + O.(-) S + will/shall + NOT + V1 + O.

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(?) will/shall + S + V1 + + O?

(+) We shall climb Bromo Mountain.(-) we shall not climb Bromo Mountain.(?) Shall we climb Bromo Mountain?

Nominal sentence(+) S + will/shall + be + ANA(-) S + will/shall + not + be + ANA(?) will/shall + S + be + ANA ?

(+) I will be milyader in 2015. (Adverb)(-) He will be a lecture. (Noun)(?) will he be clever? (Adjective)

Keterangan waktuTonight : Malam iniNext week : Minggu depanNext time : NantiSoon : segeraThis week : minggu iniThe day after tomorrow : hari setelah besok

Will = I and We Shall = All subject.

Question wordWe will bring a new motor cycle here tomorrow.a b c d e f ga. Who will bring a new motor here tomorrow?b. What will we do here tomorrow?c. How many motor cycles will we bring here tomorrow?d. Which motor cycle will we bring here tomorrow?e. what will we bring here tomorrow ?f. Where will we bring a new motor cycle tomorrow?g. when will we bring a new motor cycle?

10. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE.

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FunctionMenyatakan kegiatan yang sedang terjadi pada waktu yang akan datang.

Verbal sentence(+) S + will/shall + be + Verb-ing + O.(-) S + will/shall + NOT + be + Verb-ing + O.(?) will/shall + S + be + Verb-ing + + O?

(+) They will be visiting her.(-) They will not be visiting her.(?) Will they be visiting her?

Nominal sentence(+) S + will/shall + be + being + ANA.(-) S + will/shall + not + be + being + ANA.(?) will/shall + S + be + being + ANA?

(+) he will be being foolish.(-) he will not be being foolish.(?) will he be being foolish?

Keterangan waktuAt the same time tomorrow. : pada waktu yang sama besok.At the same ……… ……………….: pada …………….. yang sama …………..At this time tomorrow : pada waktu ini besokAt 8 o’clock tonight : pada pukul 8 malam ini.

Question wordHe will be sleeping at this time tomorrowa b c

a. Who will be sleeping at this time tomorrow?b. What will he be doing at this time tomorrow?c. When will he be sleeping?

11. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE Function

Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang akan selesai di waktu yang akan datang.

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Verbal sentence(+) S + will/shall + Have + V3 + O(-) S + will/shall + not + have + V3 + O(?) will/shall + S + have + V3 + O?

(+) she will have sung a song.(-) she will not have sung a song.(?) will she have sung a song?

Nominal sentence(+) I will have been a student of university.(-) I will not have been a student of university.(?) will I have been a student of university?

Keterangan waktuBy next month : menjelang bulan depan.By the end of year : menjelang akhir tahun.

Question wordHe will have followed me by the end of year.a b c da. Who will have followed me by the end of year?b. What will he have done by the end of year?c. Whom will he have followed by the end of year?d. When will he have followed me?

12. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS Function

13. SIMPLE PAST FUTURE TENSE Function

Digunakanuntukmenyatakansuatuaktifitasatauperbuatan yang akansudahterjadi di lakukan di waktu yang akan dating.Suatukejadian yang akansempurna di masa yang akan dating, danaktifitasinisudah di mulai.Untukmenyatakansuatuaktifitas yang sudahterjadi di masalampaudanaknansempurnaatauselesai di masa yang akan dating.

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Keteranganwaktu yang biasanya di lakukan:In two years timeBy this time next yearBy the end of…….By next augustBy……..

Formula Verbal :(+) S + will/shall + Have + Verb 3 + O.(-) S + will/shall + NOT + Have + Verb 3 + O.(?) will/shall + S + Have + Verb 3 + O?Contoh :(+) I will have studied in university by the end of next month.(-) I will not have studied I university by the end of next month.(?) will I have studied in university by the end of the month?Yes, I will.No, I will not.

(+) we shall have eaten at 8 o’clock tonight.(-) we shall not have eaten at 8 o’clock tonight.(?) shall we have eaten at 8 o’clock tonight?Yes, I will.No, I will not.Formula Nominal sentence :(+) S + will/shall + have + been + C.(-) S + will/shall + not + have + been + C.(?) will/shall + S + have + been + C ?

Contoh :(+) I will have been in pare by the end of this week. (adverb)(-) He will have been lecture. (noun)(?) will he have been clever? (adjective)Yes, we will.No, we will not.

Formula Question worda. Untuk menanyakan subjectQ.W. + will + have + Verb 3 + O?

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b. Untuk menanyakan Verb atau kata kerja.Q.W. + will/shall + S + have + been + done + O?c. Untuk menanyakan selain subject dan Verb.Q.W. + will/shall + S + have + Verb 3 + O?

Contoh :The president will have stayed in USE by the end of this day.a b c dWho will have stayed in USE by the end of this day?What will the president have done?Where will the president have stayed by the end of this day in?When will the president have stayed in USE?

12.Future perfect continuous tense.Di gunakanuntukmenyataksuatuaktifitas yang akansudah di lakukanpadawaktu yang akandatangtetepiperbuatantersebutmasihberlangsungpadawaktuitu.Menyatakanaktifitas yang akantelahtelahsedangberlangsungselamabeberapawaktu di masa yang akndatang .Untukmenyatakankegiatan yang akantelahsedangberlangsungbeberapa lama di masa yang akandatang, kegiatanini di mulainantikselamanantik (belum di mulai).Keteranganwaktu yang biasanya di gunakan :By the end of……………For five years by the next yearBy this time next…………….For…………..by………………

Formula Verbal :(+) S + will/shall + Have + been + Verb-ing + O.(-) S + will/shall + NOT + Have + been + Verb-ing + O.(?) will/shall + S + Have + been + being + O?

Contoh :(+) I will have been finishing my duty for five days by next week.(-) I will not have been finishing my duty for five days by next week.(?) will I have been finishing my duty for five days by next week?Yes, I will.No, I will not.Formula Nominal sentence :

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(+) S + will/shall + have + been + (being) + C.(-) S + will/shall + not + have + been + (being) + C.(?) will/shall + S + have + been + (being) + C ?Contoh :(+) I will have been in pare for 3 weeks by next year. (adverb)(-) He will have been lecture. (noun)(?) will he have been clever? (adjective)Yes, we will.No, we will not.

Formula Question worda. Untuk menanyakan subjectQ.W. + will + have + been + Verb-ing + O?b. Untuk menanyakan Verb atau kata kerja.Q.W. + will/shall + S + have + been + doing + O?c. Untuk menanyakan selain subject dan Verb.Q.W. + will/shall + S + have + been + Verb-ing + O?

Contoh :They will have been studyingat Universityfor 4 years by next year.a b c dWho will have been being studying at University for 4 years by next year?What will they have been doing?Where will they have been studying for 4 years by next year?When will they have been studying at University?

Exercise:1. (+) They will have been going abroad for 3 years by next month

(-)(?)

2. Saya sedang bekerja selama 10 tahun menjelang bulan depan3. Mereka tidak sedang mengajar selama 5 tahun menjelang tahun

depan4. Siapa yang sedang berjualan selama 3 tahun menjelang bulan depan?

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13. Simple Past Future TenseDigunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang akan dilakukan pada waktu

lampau tetapi batal (mengandaikan melakukan di waktu lampau)Kebiasaan di masa lampau.Examples:He would visit her last night but immediately his car was brokenI would visit my grandfather every weekend when I was child

Formula Verbal(+) S + should / would + V1 + O(-) S + should / would + not + V1 + O(?) Would / would + S + V1 + O?Examples:(+) He would visit her(-) He wouldn’t visit her(?) Would he visit her?Yes, I wouldNo, I wouldn’t

Formula Nominal Sentence:(+) S + should / should + be + C(-) S + should / should + be + C(?) Would / should + S + be + C?Examples:(+) She would be a teacher(-) I wouldn’t be a bad student(?) Would you be here?

Time Signal:Last night yesterday ……… if S. Past …………..

Formula Question wordUntuk menanyakan subjectQw + would / should + V1 + O?Untuk menanyakan Verb atau kata kerja.What + would / should + S + do?Untuk menanyakan selain subject dan Verb.Qw. + would / should + S + V1 + ……. ?

Example:She would take her new cameraa b c d e

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a. Who would take her new camera?b. What would she do?c. Whose new camera would she take?d. Which camera would she take?e. What would she take?

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14. Past future continuousDigunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang seharusnya sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau

Formula verbal(+) S + would / should + be + Ving + O(-) S + would / should + be + Ving + O(?) Would / should + S + be + Ving + O?Example:(+) She would be singing a dangdut song at 7 o’clock last night(-) She wouldn’t be singing a dangdut song at 7 o’clock last night(?) Would she be singing a dangdut song at 7 o’clock last night?

Time signal:At 7 o’clock yesterday at …… last night at the same time last

week

Formula Nominal(+) S + would / should + be + being + C(-) S + would / should + be + being + C(?) Would / should + S + be + being + C?

Example:(+) She would be being a smart student(-) She wouldn’t be being stupid(?) Would she be being smart?

Formula Question wordUntuk menanyakan subjectQw + would / should + be + Ving + O?Untuk menanyakan Verb atau kata kerja.What + would / should + S + be + doing?Untuk menanyakan selain subject dan Verb.Qw. + would / should + S + be + Ving + ……… ?

Example:A clever cat would be eating a big mousea b c

a. How many clever cats would be eating a big mouse?

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b. Which cat would be eating a big mouse?c. What would a clever cat be eating?

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15. Past future perfectDigunakan untuk menyatakan sebuah aktivitas yang seharusnya telah selesai di

waktu lampau. Formula verbal

(+) S + Would / should + be + V3 + O(-) S + Would / should + not + be + V3 + O(?) Would / should + S + be + V3 + O?Example:(+) we would have finished that work by the end of this month last year(-) we would have finished that work by the end of this month last year

(?) Would we have finished that work by the end of this month last year? Time signal

By ……… last ………… by the end of last year Formula nominal

(+) S + Would / should + have + been + C(-) S + Would / should + not + have + been + C(?) Would / should + S + have + been + C?Example:(+) We would have been there(-) We wouldn’t have been a farmer(?) Would she have been here?

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Formula Question wordUntuk menanyakan subjectQw + would / should + have + V3 + O?Untuk menanyakan Verb atau kata kerja.What + would / should + S + have + done?Untuk menanyakan selain subject dan Verb.Qw + would / should + S + have + V3 + …… ?

Example:Two clever cats would have eaten a big mousea b c

a. How many clever cats would have eaten a big mouse?b. Which cat would have eaten a big mouse?c. What would two clever cats have eaten?

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16. Past future perfect continuousDigunakan untuk menyatakan subuah aktivitas yang seharusnya berlangsung

selama di waktu lampau Formula verbal

(+) S + would / should + have + been + Ving + O(-) S + would / should + have + been + Ving + O(?) Would / should + S + have + been + Ving + O?Example:(+) She would have been singing for an hour by 8 o’clock last night(-) She wouldn’t have been singing for an hour by 8 o’clock last night(?) Would she have been singing for an hour by 8 o’clock last night?

Time signalFor ……. By …….. last ……….For two weeks by the end of last monthFor 6 months by last year

Formula nominal(+) S + would / should + have + been + being + C(-) S + would / should + not + have + been + being + C(?) Would / should + S + have + been + being + C?Example(+) she would have been being here(-) she would have been being here(?) Would she have been being here?

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Formula Question wordUntuk menanyakan subjectQw + would / should + have + been + Ving + O?Untuk menanyakan Verb atau kata kerja.What + would / should + S + have + been + doing?Untuk menanyakan selain subject dan Verb.Qw. + would / should + S + have + been + Ving + O?

Example:Two clever mice would have been eating a big chickena b c

a. How many clever mice would have been eating a big chicken?b. Which mouse would have been eating a big chicken?c. What would two clever mice have been eating?

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The 16 Tenses

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Transcript of The 16 Tenses