Tasledt n tsiwelt deg wungal Inig Aneggaru n Brahim TAZATART-Boubhira Hayet et Bouchouka Malika.pdf

TIGDUDA TAZZAYRIT TAMAGDAYT TAERFANT ALIF N ULMUD

UNNIG D UNADI USSNAN

TASEDDAWIT AKLI MEND ULA N TUBIRET

AGEZDU N TUTLAYT D YIDLES AMAZI

Master 2 L.M.D

Asentel:

S ur: S lmendad:

BOUBHIRA Hayet Mass : LAOUFI Amar BOUCHOUKA Malika

2012/2013

Di tazwara ad nesnemmer Rebbi

i d-a-d-yefkan afud d tebest

akken ad nessali amahil-agi-nnte.

Seg ul yefan ara nesnemmer

Mass Laufi mer

i d-yellan di lmendad n umahil-agi-nnte

Seg wasmi yebda almi yekfa.

Tanemmirt i yiselmaden-nne yal yiwen s yisem-is

I yinelmaden n useggas amenzu (2012-2013).

Tanemmirt i yimawlan-nnte i yellan er tama-nnte

Nessaram-asen tezi n lemer.

Ad budde amahil-agi i yimawlan-iw

zizen fell-i, i emmle aas :

Baba azamul n tisas d laman

Yemma asgen n lenana d sser.

I watmatn-iw : Rafik, Akli, Nassim, Aissa.

I weltma : Nassima

I lamr-iw, i win ara cerke tudert-iw

I wergaz-iw Walid

I twacult-iw d twacult n wergaz-iw

merra anda ma tella.

I temdakkult-iw Malika i yellan yid-i

Seg tazwara almi d taggara

I yiselmaden yal wa s yisem-is

I yinelmaden n useggas amezwaru

n ugezdu n tutlayt d yidles Amazi

n tesdawit n Tubiret.

Hayat

Abuddu

Ad budde amahil-agi i yimawlan-iw

zizen fell-i, i emmle aas aas, Baba

azamul n tisas d laman akk d yemma asgen

n lenana akked d sser.

Iwatmaten-iw d yesetma akken ma llan

Iwid akk i a-a-d-yefkan afus n lemawna

A lada iselmaden n ugezdu d tutlayt tamazit

Ad budde tazrawt-agi i werfiq n wul ( A )

Mebla ma ttu ad budde tanemirt tameqrant

I temdakelt-iw Hayet i d-yellan er tama-w

Deg umahil i nexdem d lwaid seg tazwara

Almi d tagara-s

Abeddu ameqran i wid yefkan tiwiin

I wakken ad yidir lael n tmazit

Akk d wid mazal ass-a ttnaen

ef tmazit seg wul

Malika

Abuddu

Aawas

Tazwart tamatut ................................................................................................... 9

Tamukrist ............................................................................................................... 14

Tasnarrayt .............................................................................................................. 15

Ixef amenzu: Tsekla d wungal .......................

Tazwart ..

17

18

1. Amezruy n wungal di tsekla . 18

1.1. Ungal di tsekla tagralant ........................ 18

1.2. Ungal di tsekla taqbaylit 20

1.2.1. Ungal aqbayli s tenfalit tefransist .................. 20

1.2.2. Ungal aqbayli s tenfalit taqbaylit ................................................... 22

2. Tameddurt n umaru Brahim TAZAART ............................................. 25

3. Awal ef ungal Inig Aneggaru ............................................................. 26

4. Agzul n wungal .........................................................................................

Tagrayt ...........................................................................................................

27

30

Ixef wis sin: Timiranin n teri ...............................................................

Tazwart ..........................................................................................................

31

31

1. Tasensiwelt ............................................................................................... 33

1.1. Tabadut-ines ........................................................................................... 33

1.2. Tarda n tsensiwelt ................................................................................. 34

1.3. Iferdisen n tsensiwelt ........................................................................... 36

2. Ullis ............................................................................................................ 39

2.1. Timiranin tigejdanin n wullis ............................................................ 40

2.2. Taessa n wullis 41

2.3. Tuddsa n wullis ...................................................................................... 42

2.3.1. Takayt ............................................................................................... 43

2.3.2. Tasiwelt. ..............................................................................................

Tagrayt ...........................................................................................................

46

46

Ixef wis tlata: Tiri n tsiwelt deg wungal .................................................

Tazwart ..........................................................................................................

48

48

1. Tasiwelt ..................................................................................................... 48

1.1. Tabadut-ines ........................................................................................... 48

1.2. Tala n tsiwelt ...................................... 50

1.2.1. Tasiwelt s umatar n layeb 51

1.2.2. Tasiwelt s umatar win yettmeslayen ................ 51

1.2.3. Tasiwelt s umatar win i wumi nettmeslay 51

1.3. Amsawal d lenaf-ines ......................................................................... 52

1.3.1. Lenaf n umsawal . 52

1.3.2. Tiwuriwin n umsawal ....................................................................... 54

1.4. Tallunt 54

1.5. Akud .................................... 57

1.5.1. Akud agensay ... 57

1.5.2. Akud aniri 58

1.5.3. Amsefer n wakud 59

1.6. Tifukkes n tsiwelt 59

1.6.1. Iswiren n tsiwelt . 60

1.6.2. Akud n tsiwelt .. 60

1.7. Iwudam 64

1.7.1. Tawuri n yiwudam 66

1.7.2. Azenzi amesgan

Tagrayt ..

66

70

Ixef wis reba: Taslet n wungal Inig Aneggaru ..................................

Tazwart ..........................................................................................................

72

72

1. Aric n tekayt ........................................................................................ 72

1.1. Tugzimt ................................................................................................... 73

1.2. Takerrist ................................................................................................. 76

1.3. Azenzi imsemmes ................................................................................ 77

2. Aric n tsiwelt .......................................................................................... 79

2.1. Seg tama n tala ..................................................................................... 79

2.2. Amsawal .................................................................................................. 81

2.3. Taslet n tallunt d wakud ................................................................... 84

2.4. Tiffukas ................................................................................................... 90

2.4.1. Iswiren n tsiwelt ............................................................................... 91

2.4.2. Akud n tsiwelt .................................................................................... 93

2.5. Taslet n yiwudam ...............................................................................

Tagrayt ...........................................................................................................

105

112

Tagrayt tamatut .................................................................................................... 114

Amawal ................................................................................................................... 122

Tibula .................................................................................................................... 126

Tazwart tamatut

9

Tazwart tamatut:

Yal timetti, yal akud, gar tgemi d wansay, ibennu umezruy assaen gar

yigduden yebnan ef yisuaf i tettak tsuta i taye, s wakka tasekla d lsas n lebni

n yinumak ittezririgen ef yissafen n tussna, tettawi lawhi deg tudert n wumdan.

Tasekla d agerruj, d asafu n tafat; wa yettak-it i waye. Tasekla tettawi-d ef

tmetti, ef lewayed-is, tettawi-d dien ef yimdanen d wassaen yettilin gar-

asen, akked wassaen yellan gar tmettiyin, s umata tasekla tettbeggin-d udem n

tmetti. S tsekla i nezmer ad d-nefk udem n tmetti, ama s lewayed-is ama s

yiulfan-is ne s tektiwin-is. Tettbeggin-d dien lila n tsertit d tdamsa (1).

Lemmer ad nsuk ti ef tsekla tamazit, ad naf ur temgired ara ef

tsekliwin tiberraniyin acku amur ameqqran deg-sent rrant lmil er tsekla

timawit. Tasekla n tmazit tansayt tella d timawit, tetteddu seg yimi er

tmezzut. Ayen i d-yeqqimen deg-s d aberruy amecu seg wayen i d-an

yimezwura, imi aric ameqqran iru am wakken yettwattu am tmucuha,

tamedyazt, inzan, lemun, timseraq. Ahat aberruy-agi i d-yegran tura, yegra-d

acku erzen-t-id s tira, maca drus mai ma nqquren-it er wayen tekseb yakan

tasekla-agi n tmazit.

Tasekla tamazit ebsen leqrun akked yineruyen n umzruy deg tallit

timawit, tesmedez akken ad tual d lemri i ugdud acku tuget n tsekla-agi

tsenned kan ef tira tawezlant am tmedyazt, inzan, timucuha (ulama annect-a ula

d netta s wazal-is). Leqrun hemjen deg wayen i d-snulfan yimezwura-nne,

ebban-t deg wugni n tatut. Cwi-nni i a-id-yewwen ur yezmir ara ad yefk

udem aeqqi ef wamek ddren lejdud-nne ne ef wamek tella tidmi-nsen ne

sani i yewehha useked-nsen.

1) OUGOUAG-KEZZAI, (CH.), La rflexion sur la littrature orale , In: El Insane No01, Ed CRAPE, 1983, P 19. Daprs cette littrature, une image du groupe ou de la socit qui la produite, de la socit dans sa totalit, avec sa reprsentation du mode, ses normes, ses sentiments, ses aspirations et ses idaux, ainsi que son mode de fonctionnement avec tout le contexte social, conomique, politique, et le sens de son mouvement .

Tazwart tamatut

10

Aulfu s tmettant yeggunin aar, yessak-id nnif n kra n yimnuda akken ad

d-ssuksen ayen i d-yegran di tsekla tamazit seg tuccar n tatut akked ebbu. Seg

Boulifa er Mouloud Mammeri, eddi ef Mouloud Feraoun, Belaid Nat Ali,

Jean El Mouhoub Amrouche, Malek Ouary, Taous Amroucheatg. Aas n

wayen nnan yimezwura-nne i ietqen di tmettant s demma n unadi-nsen akked

tira-nsen. I tikkelt tamezwarut, tasekla taqbaylit (tamazit imi leqdic-agi irea

leqrar ula di temnain nnien n tamaza) tekcem adlis, tufa leqrar di tira. Akken

ad yihriw usalu ad yual d abrid, tenulfa-d tjerrumt ara igen ilugan i tira.

Timetti taqbaylit d tin i yettwasnen aas s yidles-is d umezruy-is, tettwassen

dien s tsekla-s. Ma yella tasekla tamensayt taqbaylit d tin i yellan d timawit

kan, yerna tiwsatin-is d tid i yerzan anagar tamedyezt, timucuha, inzan d

temseraq. Maca, di taggara n lqern wis ttaac (19) d tazwara n lqern wis ecrin

(20), tegga asurif er zdat, imi aas n wid yuran tasekla tansayt, llan wid i d-

ijemen ayen yellan di timawit, awden-as tira am: S. Boulifa, ad d-naf dien

Hanoteau i yuran Posie populaire de la kabylie du Djurdjura , s tutlayt n

tefransist, deg-s ijem-d 621 isefra. Llan wiya, jemen-d ayen yellan di

timawit, rnan senfalin-d s ur-sen, seg tallit-nni er wass-a yella-d umaynut,

yella-d wayen yellan d atrar, am Belaid At Ali i yeran asalu s tira-s d usuffe n

kra n tmucuha d tullisin, i wakken ad yerez tutlayt d yidles amazi. I wakken

tutlayt-agi ur tkeem ara di temda n tatut. S waya, i tebda tsekla n tmazit

tkeem di tira, banent-d deg-s tewsatin timaynutin am: amezgun, tullist, ungal.

Tasekla tatrart tella, akken dien tettnarni, ayagi issebgan-d d akken tettara-d s

waas ef wayen tewa tmetti (1).

Ungal* d tawsit n tesrit, tcudd er tira.(2) Ungal di yal tasekla d tanfalit ef

tmetti, ef umezruy, ef wayen akk tesedda n yieblan n tegrawliwin,.atg.

1) CHAKER, (S.), La naissance dune littrature crite, le cas berbre (kabylie) , In: Bulletin des tudes africains, No 17-18, Ed Inalco, Paris, 1992, P 17. 2) REUTER, (Y.), Introduction lanalyse du roman, 2 Ed, Armand Colin, Paris, 2006, P 06. Il sagit duvres crites, en prose .

Tazwart tamatut

11

Aneggal yettara-d deg ungal-is ef lewayed, akked d wansayen n tmetti-is. D

tawsit yettawi-d deg-s uneggal ef yineruyen n tekayt anida yessaxdam kra n

yiferisen n tilawt, lamana yessexdam dien asugen, yettawi-d deg-s

tiawsiwin ur nelli ara d tidet di tilawt. Ahat tiawsiwin-agi ttwaeban-t, yeba

uneggal ad tent-id-yessekfel ne ad tent-id-yessebggen, ne tiawsiwin-agi

xuent di tmetti-is, yeba ad tent-ibeddel, ne ad tent-id-irnu er tmetti-is.

Aneggal* i wakken ad d-yessefhem agbur n wungal-is, yesselay tidyanin

n tekayt s uglam n tudert n wumdan ungali, d wanda yettidir, d tallit melmi i

ran ineruyen-agi.

I wakken ad d-yerr uneggal ef tmetti-is, yettak azal meqqer i yiwudam-is

ungaliyen. Seg-sen i nezmer ad nefhem tamuli-nsen ef wayen akk isen-d-

yezzin, ef tmetti-nsen, ef yiulfan-nsen. Aneggal yettaf iman-is deg ungal-is,

imi s yimru-is i ittekkes lijab ef waas n tawsiwin i yezdin timetti-is. Yella

anda aneggal yettawi-d kra n tawsiwin eant, llant di tilawt, yettak-d uneggal

azemzi iean n yineruyen. Tikwal yettak-d ismawen n yimdanen i yellan di

tilawt, n wid ikecmen deg umezruy. ef wannect-a i yettili umeri takayt n

wungal tera-d d e.

Ungal di tsekla n tmazit, d tawsit tatrart, akken kkan iteddu ad trei

tirkkizin-ines, tnulfa-d deg yiseggasen n tmanyin (80), anida bdan yimyura n

tmazit ttaran lwelha-nsen er tira, lada ad suffen tamazit seg timawit i

wakken ad as-rren azal.

Di tallit-agi n tmanyin (80) aas n tedyanin i d-yeran, tugdi, lebus,

taessirt,atg. Tamurt tenneqlab, ssber yewwe er ledd-is, d lawan i wakken

ad fsin leqyud, s waya i d-tban tefsut n yimazien, di 20 yebrir 1980, i yesan

azal d ameqqran deg umezruy n leqbayel, yis-s i d-yuki ugdud.

Tazwart tamatut

12

Ayen yezdin akk ungalen i d-yeffen s teqbaylit s umata d isental, ad naf

tuget deg-sen wwin-d ef taluft n tmazit, tumast akked wayen tettidir tmurt n

leqbayelatg.

Di lawan-nni, yal wa d acu n ubrid i yefer i wakken ad d-yessebggen le-

is, llan wid yeffen er yiberdan, wiya xtarren abrid n tira, lemmer aha-t ad

awen er cwi seg wayen suturren. Di tewsit-agi d tiya i d-ttawin ef wayen

yeran di tallit-nni, ttawin-d s umata ef umennu n tmanyin (80), ef tutlayt d

yidles amazi. Ttawin-d dien ungalen n tmazit ef yisental nnien am:

usenqed n tmetti, rrebreb, tayri.

Ma nerra tamuli-nne er tezrawin ef ungal amazi, ad naf ur ugtent ara.

Kra wwint-d ef tutlayt i sseqdacen deg ungal; ad naf kra n yimagraden am win

Sinikka Loikkanen(1), kra ef usental; am yimagraden n Dahbia Abrous(2) i d-

yewwin ef ungal n Rachid Alliche Asfel d Fafa , akked I d wass d

Tagrest n uru n Amer Mezdad). Kra n tezrawin d yinadiyen deg uric-agi n

tsekla yuran, d tin gan isdawiyen ama d tin n nnig n turagt, ne d tin n turagt,

nezmer ad nebder tid yettwaxedmen ef wungal s umata am I d wass ,

Tagrest n uru , Ass-nni n Amer Mezdad, Asfel , Fafa , n Rachid

Allicheatg.

Ma negga-d tamuli er tezrawin yettwaxedmen ef ungalen n Brahim

TAZAART ad ten-id-naf ef Salas d Nuja , d wungal Ljerrat atg. Ma

yella ef ungal-agi aneggaru i d-yessuffe deg useggas n 2012 i wumi isemma

Inig Aneggaru, imi d ungal amaynut mazal ur ttwaxedment ara fell-as

tezrawin, aha-t nekkenti gar tmezwura ara as-ixedmen tazrawt.

1) LOIKKANEN, (S.), Vocabulaire de roman kabyle (1981-1995), une tude quantitative in EDB, No15-16, Ed Edisud, Marseille, 1998, PP 85-196. 2) ABROUS, (D.), Rachid Alliche, in Hommes et femmes de kabylie, Ed ina-yas/Edisud, Aix-en-Provence, 2001, PP 33-34.

Tazwart tamatut

13

Tizrawin-a yettwaxedmen ef wungal aqbayli ad naf tuget deg-sen rzant

taslet n yiwudam, akked d wadeg, kra wwint-d ef tutlayt i sseqdacen

wungalen, kra ef yisental n tmagit deg ungal, kra nnien ef ukenni gar sin

ungalen, dien llant tid ef usemres n tiriwin yemxallafen am teri tasimyutikit

(tiri n unamek), d teri asnazmul (smiologie), d teri tasmirest

(Intertextualit), ma deg wayen yenan tiri tasensiwelt, imi d tiri wessien deg

yiferdisen i d-yettakken tuddsa n uris ur d llint ara s waas. Ihi seg tama-nnte

nere ad nawi tazrawt-nne ef yiwen n uferdis seg yiferdisen-is d aferdis n

tsiwelt d teslet-ines deg wungal n Brahim TAZAART.

Deg yiberdan n tezrawin d umgired-nsent di teri, ad nere seg tama-nne

ad nkemmel deg wubrid n teslet s wudem nnien, d taslet ara ad yilin ef

useqdec n yiferdisen n tsensiwelt deg ungal n Brahim TAZAART Inig

Aneggaru lada ayen yenan aferdis n tsiwelt, imi yal aneggal yemgarad d

waye deg wayen yesseqdec n yiferdisen i wakken ad yalles, wa ad yessawe

tiktiwin-ines.

Uqbel ad nessiwe ad nefk tamukrist-nne, nera kra n yidlisen n tsenarayt

ara a-d-inejren abrid er yiswi-nne, wa ad teddu tazrawt-agi-nne akken ilaq

njem-d kra n yidlisen i d-yezzerwen ef wungal, ama s tefransist ama s tarabt

am:

- RAIMAND, (M.), Le roman, 2 Ed, Armand Colin, Paris, 2005.

- REUTER. (Y.), Introduction lanalyse dun roman, 2 Ed, Armand Colin,

Paris, 2006.

- REUTER, (Y), Lanalyse de rcit, 2 Ed, Armand Colin, France, 2005.

- SCHAEFFER, (J.M.), La narratologie in nouveau dictionnaire

encyclopdique des sciences de la langue, Ed Seuil, 1999, Paris.

Tazwart tamatut

14

- " " ) ( 1998.

-Tamukrist

" " 2

2000. -

- " " ) ( 1 2003.

Seg turi-nne i yidlisen-agi, asteqsi i ef tessa tazrawt-agi-nne d wa :

- Amek i d-yella usqerdec n tsiwelt deg ungal Inig Aneggaru n

Brahim TAZAART ?

I wakken ad nerr ef usteqsi-agi neba tazrawt-a ef reba yixfawen.

Ixef amenzu ad d-nawwi deg-s awal ef wayen yenan ungal di tsekla

tagralant d teqbaylit s umata.

Deg yixef wis sin ad d-nemmesli ef tmiranin tigejdanin n teriwin n

tsekla (Tasensiwelt, Ullis, d wayen iten-yerzan). Ma yella deg yixef wis tlata ad

d-nawwi awal s telqayt ef teri n tsiwelt deg wungal s umata.

Ma yella d ixef aneggaru d win ara ad d-yilin ef teslet n sin yiricen:

takayt d tsiwelt deg wungal n Brahim TAZAART Inig Aneggaru .

Di taggara n tezrawt- ef agi-nne ad tili tagrayt tamatut, d tagrayt wayen i

d-nebder yakkan d wayen i er neawe, rnu er-s amawal aseklan d tibula.

Tazwart tamatut

15

-Tasnarrayt

Ssebbat i d-a-yean ad nefren asentel-agi ur d-yelli ara kan akka, ne d

aab i d-a-yeeb, maca afran yesa assa d yiswan i cceben anadi, yettaba

dien aettam usnan, leqdic usnan yealab seg umnadi ad yerr deg tama

tunmasit-ines, ne ayen i d-as-yeqqar wul-is, ilaq ad ya abrid n usikked, akked

teslet i wakken ad d-yekkes ayen yeffren d wayen i icubken. Ihi deg ubrid-

agi, ula d tasekla n tmazit tewa annect-agi.

Afran n usentel-agi ibedd ef waas n tmental ad nebder gar-asent:

Timentalt tagejdant d tin yerzan tamuli er tsekla tamazit yuran (Seg

wasmi i d-terna tira er tutlayt tamazit akked tlalit n tmetti, akked d tsekliwin n

ddunit i d-islalayen tewsatin timaynutin am: umezgun, ungal, tullist). S ubrid

n yiwet n tussna i wumi neqqar tasensiwet, i yellan d aqerreb ne d taslet

tagensayt ne taessant n uris. Aya ad yili d addad iehden i tezrawin i

yessexdamen inekkmar nnien. S wakka, ma nesdukkel inekkmar-agi ad yili yal

wa yettkemmil i waye.

Timentalt tis snat terza tifrat i tezmer ad d-tefk teri n tsensiwelt labeda

assaen i yettilin gar wakud, tasiwelt akked d umsawal i kra n tewsatin n wullis,

taslet tagensayt i tewsatin-agi tettara tilisa gar tewsatin ne tettak-d kra n

tulmisin n wungal am wakken ara ad nwali di teslet n tsensiwelt deg wungal

Inig Aneggaru n Brahim TAZAART.

Timentalt tis tlata d tasekla tamirant yuran, tefka-a-d tagnit i wakken ad

nwali tagnut akked yiferna n wullis n yal uneggal.

Ma nual er yiswi-nne i neba ad nawwe seg tazrawt-agi i nexddem d

wigi:

Tazwart tamatut

16

- D assebgen n tira tamaynut d lebni asiwlan n wungal aqbayli deg tallit-agi

tamirant; Neba ad ner ma yella amsawal Brahim TZAART yessawe ad yerr

iferdisen n tsiwelt deg wungal-ines; Neba ad nebgen amek id yella uselu n

yineruyen d tedyanin n wungal-a Inig Aneggaru ama deg wayen yenan

aric n tekayt ne aric n tsiwelt .

as akken nemlal-d ugar n wuguren, lada ayen yerzan adlismu akked

umgired n tesnimert i yesseqdec yal ameray deg teri n tsensiwelt. Deg turi-

nne i yidlisen-agi n tefransist ne n tarabt, nxeddem yal abrid tasuqilt er

teqbaylit. Di tsuqilt-agi nufa-d aas n wuguren, imi tuget n wawalen si tenfaliyin

n tefransist ne n tarabt ur sin ara inumak s teqbaylit, ur ten-id-nettaf ara ula

deg yimawalen n tmazit. Nemmuger-d dien uguren di tezrawt-agi-nne,

tea-d akken tewer, acku ur uqten ara yidlisen i d-yewwin ef tezrawt-agi n

tsensiwelt.

Ixef amenzu

Ixef amenzu Tasekla d wungal

18

Ixef amenzu: Tsekla d wungal

Tazwart

Uqbel ad d-nemmeslay ef wungal, yessefk di tazwara ad neg amgired gar

tsekla taqburt d tsekla tamirant. Zik, tasekla tedder di timawit, tamusni taseklant

wa yeqqar-itt i wa, s yimi er tmezzut. Di lqern wis 19, timawit ur teqqim ara d

taerfit imi tettwasseqdec ula d tira, di tmusni taseklant (amedya n Boulifa). Di

lqern wis ecrin (20), seg tama tlul-d tsekla s tira (littrature crite), si tama

nnien, tasekla timawit yellan d taerfit tual tetteddu s wallalen itraren, teqqel

d ayen iwumi nessawal ass-a Oralit mdiatise. Ihi, amgired gar tsekla taqdimt

d tsekla tamirant d wa: tasekla taqburt tedder di timawit taerfit, ma yella d

tasekla tamirant ur-s sin wudmawen: d timawit (tamawant/orale) ne tettwaru

(1).

Tis snat, gar tewsatin tiseklanin (les genres littraires) tesseqdac tsekla

tamirant d ungal, imi ungal yufrar-d ef tewsatin nnien. Ihi deg uric-a amenzu

nare ad d-nawi awal ef umezruy d tlalit n wungal di tsekla, ama di tsekla

tagralant, ama di tin n taqbaylit, tabadut-ines, asissen n wungal n tezrewt-nne,

awal ef tmeddurt n umaru Brahim TAZAART d wegzul i wungal-a Inig

Aneggaru .

1. Amezruy n wungal di tsekla

1.1. Ungal di tsekla tagralant

Ungal iedda-d seg timawit er tira, asnulfu-is icudd er tira, ur yual ara d

agralan almi d tazwara n lqern wis 13, ungal si tallit er taye yemgared deg

usuffe-is, akked d yisental-is. Ibend i tikelt tamenzut di tama tagralant di

(1) AMEZIANE, (A.), Asseqdec n tsekla taqburt deg ungal I d wass n Amer MEZDAD, sur http://www. tamazgha.fr, consult le 18/03/2013 10h30.


19

lEspagne akked d lItalie; yufrar-d s waas n lenaf gar-asen: Ungal aulfan, i

d-ibanen deg useggas n 1607, enf-agi yena afrayen n tayri, am wungal

Fleuve n Honore dUrfe. Iefr-it-id wungal n tesa i d-yefen seg useggas n

1651 alama d aseggas n 1657, enf-agi yerra-d udem n tilawt s tesa d

ustehzi.(1)

Yennerna di lqern wis 18, tallit-agi d tin iwumi semman Tallit n tafat,

deg-s yerra-d wungal tafrara deg tira d usnulfu n lenaf nnien, am wungal

Epistolaire, i deg i d-iban wungal n Hoderlos de laclos, isemma-s Les Liaisons

Dangereuses, i d-yefen deg ussegas n 1782.

Talalit tamenzut n wungal di tsekla, am wakken i d-yenna Reuter (Y.) deg

udlis-ines : Ungal d adlis yettwarun di tesrit s tefransist, tulmisin-ines ur d-

banent ara armi d tasekla tatrart .(2)

Tamhazt n tsekla s umata, di tallit talemmast s wayen i d-iwwin

yinagmayen d yimyura deg tutlayt n yidlisen, i wakken ad as-fken azal er

yimeri, d wayen i d-rnan d amaynut seg lqern wis 19. Wigi kra n yimyura i

yuran ef waas n temsal yenan timetti d umezruy, s tutlayt n tefransist: Balzak

(1836), Victor Hugo (1878), Emil Zola (3).

Annect-a dien yegla-d s tewsatin nnien timaynutin deg tsekla am:

wungal, tullisin, amezgun d tmedyazt yettwarun. Seg tsekla tafransist, aas i

yessawen ad d-fken tibuda-nsen i tewsit-agi n wungal, gar-asen amaru

Raimond (M.) deg udlis i wumi isemma Le roman yenna-d belli: Ungal d

taqsit yettwarun, bab-is yettwellih amdan mi iselle iricen n tekayt, d uglam

di tmeddurt n yimdanen d tnefsit-nsen akked kra n tawsiwin i cudden er-sen.

(1) Http:// www.Etudes-littraires/ histoire-roman. Consult le 14/03/2013 18h30. (2) REUTER. (Y.), Introduction lanalyse dun roman, Armand Colin, 2 Ed, Paris, 2006. Il sagit duvre crite, en prose et en franaisPourtant ces caractristiques nont merg que progressivement P 06. (3) Http:// www.Etudes-littraires/ histoire-roman, Consult le 14/03/2013 14h.


20

Yerna yenna-d amezruy n wungal iedda-d seg timawit er tira, deg lqern wis

17, anda beddlent twuriwin-ines akked wayen i d-as-rnan am tesnilest, leqdic n

yierbazen d tsertit (1).

Deg yidlisen yettwarun s tutlayt n tarabt ad naf anagmay Mustafa Aawi

di tketabt-ines ef tsekla n umaal deg ixef wis sin (taqsit, ungal, takayt), di

enf-agi n wungal yenna-d: Ungal yesa tlata n tegnatin, tazwara d ugur, tis

snat d taluf ne takerrist, taggara d tifrat n wugur (2).

1.2. Ungal di tsekla taqbaylit Amezruy n wungal di tsekla taqbaylit d win i d-yewwin ef waas n temsal,

inaggalen myefaren di tira-nsen, uran ef tutlayt, tamagit, d tudert n wemdan

aqbayli di tmetti-s. Tira-agi tuz aas n lenaf n tsekla am: tullisin, timezgunin, d

ungalen, enf-agi n wungal iban-d s snat tenfaliyin:

1.2.1. Ungal aqbayli s tenfalit tefransist

D ungal i d-ibanen di tallit n umnekcam arumi, d tin it-ettem tlalit-is

akken ad sutren yis-s yimyura n tallit-a timsal yurzen er tudert d tlelli n tmurt.

Gar wid i efren abrid-agi ad naf:

FERAOUN Mouloud

D amaru aqbayli, azzayri, d amaru s wazal-is yura s tefransist, yera er

yiselmaden irumiyen di tallit n temhersa, tira-ines tamezwarut tban-d deg

useggas n 1934, yessuffe-d ungal iwumi isemma Le fils du pauvre deg

useggas n 1950. D ungal ameddurman, yettmeslay-d ef tudert n umaru, d

wayen yedder di tmetti taqbaylit. Ikemmel issuffe-d ungal wis sin isemma-s

La terre et le sang deg useggas n 1953, ungal nnien Les chemains qui

(1) RAIMOND, (M.), Le roman, 2 Ed, Armand Colin, 2005, Paris, PP 13-38.

(2 . 3 ) - ( 2000 " : "10.


21

montent. Ungalen-a s umata xas akka ttwarun s tutlayt n tefransist maca

tektiwin iten-yezdin ttmeslayen-d ef tmetti taqbaylit d liala n tmurt ilmend n

lggera(1).

MAMMERI Mouloud

Daen d amaru aqbayli, azzayri, yettaru s tefransist, yera er yiselmaden

iumiyen di tallit n temhersa, yura ungalen i d-yettmeslayen ef tmazit akked

tmetti taqbaylit. Ungal amenzu isemma-s La colone oublier deg useggas n

1952, kra iseggasen deffir-s 1955, issuffe-d ungal le sommiel du juste, rnu

er-s ungalen nnien (2).

KATEB Yacine

er tama n Feraoun d Mammeri, yella umaru Kateb Yacine i yerfden asalu

n tira s tefransist ef tutlayt d yidles amazi, as iac d waraben maca tektiwin-

ines nant timetti taqbaylit d tzzayrit, deg useggas n 1950 yebda tira n wungal-is

Nema yessuffe-it-id deg useggas n 1956. Amaru-agi yella gar wid yekkaten

ef tmazit iwakken ad tidir, yessuffe-d dien ungal nnien isemma-s Le

polugone toil di 1966 (3).

AMROUCHE Taous

D tamarut taqbaylit, tura s tutlayt n tefransist, maca ayen i ef tettmeslay

deg ungalen-ines icudd er tmazit, tessuffe-d ungal amenzu tsemma-s

Jacinthe noiredeg 1749, terna-d waye di 1969 tsemma-s Rue des

Tambourainsatg (4).

(1) HADDADOU, (M.A.), Introduction la littrature berbre, suivi dune introduction la littrature kabyle, Ed les Oliviers, 2009, PP 26-27. (2 ) HADDADOU, (M.A.), Op cit, P 28. (3) Idem, P 32. (4) Ibidem, PP 30-31.


22

Seg tama n wungalen yettwarun s tefransist ef tmazit, yella-d usuqqel n

wungalen-agi seg tefransist er tmazit, ad nebder gar-asen:

- Le fils du pauvre isuqqel-it-id Moussa Ait Taleb, deg useggas n 2004.

- la colone oublier isuqqel-it-id Abd Elrrehman Bouguermouh.

1.2.2. Ungal aqbayli s tenfalit taqbaylit

Amezruy n wungal yuran s teqbaylit yu aar deg yiseggasen n 1940, mi

akken yura Belid At li aris-ines "Lwali n wedrar", i d-jemen yimraben

iumiyen deg useggas n 1964 (amaru yewwe lefu n Rebbi uqbel mi ara d-

yeffe uris-a), deg udlis i wumi fkan isem Les cahier de Belaid ou de kabylie

dantan. er Muand Akli Sali d mer Ameyan d Said Cemmax, d wa i d

ungal amenzu yuran s teqbaylit imi aris-agi yewwi-d ef limarat n wungal (1).

Aas n yimyura ama d igralaniyen ne d izzayriyen wwin-d di tira-nsen

ef tewsatin n tsekla taqbaylit, anda aren ad ggen tamawt i tewsit-a taneggalt

lada tallit n temharsa am Genevois Henri, Martinet, Dallet Jean Marie, Adolf

Hanoteau... atg. Seg tama ad naf Camilla Lacoste Dujardin temmeslay-d ef

tsekla taqbaylit belli d tagejdant n timawit, imi tamensayt-a timawit tesseqdec

assenfar n tira deg wayen i d-glant n tamawt, di lewhi-s timawit d tanfalit ur

nettwaru ara maca tatrart tettwaru tettwaffe-d s tala-agi n wungal (2).

Lada di tewsit-a tamaynut i d-ibanen, amaru Boyer (A.M.) yenna-d deg

wawal-is: Ungal gar tewsatin tineggura i d-ilulen di tsekla taqbaylit. as ma

(1) SAADI, (N.), Lexpression de lidentit dans le roman Tafrara de Salem Zenia , mmoire de Magister, 2009, universit Tizi-Ouzou, P 153. (2) LACOSTE, (D.), Discours sociale et contexte de production, passage de loralit lcrit, Ed LAOB, 1979, P


23

yella yedda-d yakkan deg wansay aseklan aqbayli, maca s wudem nnien

yettili-d deg-s wallus, ama s tala n tmucuha d tumgisin(1).

Daen s ur inagmayen d yimyura imazien i yeswesen annar n unadi ef

tewsit-agi n wungal, gar-asen Mouloud Mammeri i d-yemmeslan s telqayt ef

uric n tmedyazt taqbaylit ambed aseggas n 1871 yenna-d: Asnulfu udyiz di

tmetti tamensayt yessaxdem aas n yimeskaren d tewsatin timensayin i d-yeddan

s tenfalit-a tamaynut, s tenfalit n tsiwelt (2).

eddan acal d isuggasen seg wasmi i d-yeffe Lwali n udrar, annar n

wungal yuran s teqbaylit yeqqim d asuki armi d aseggas n 1981 i deg id d-

yessuffe Racid ellic ungal-ines amezwaru, Asfel, aris-agi, efren-t-id sin

wungalen nnien id d-yeffen deg yiseggasen n 1983, amezwaru d ungal n Said

Sadi isemma-s Askuti yeffe-d deg tazwara d iricen seg tesunt Tafsut. Ma

d wis sin, d Faffa d Racid ellic it-yuran daen. Deg yiseggasen n 1990, d

azrar n wungalen i d-yeffen, mai d yiwet ne d snat n temsal i ef i d-wwin,

ef tmagit, tayri, tallit n temharsa, timetti taqbaylit, ansayen d lewayed,

lerba...atg(3).

Imi ungalen-agi s umata cerken-d yiwet n tallit akked tedyanin yuen

tamurt n leqbayel, Dehbiya ebrus tere di tezrewt-ines ad d-teqqen gar-asen.

as ulama ayen akken yeran di tmurt n leqbayel yesa afus deg tallit n wungal,

nettat tettwali d akken tilawt tugar aya-agi. Ungal yuran s teqbaylit ur i d-ilul ara

seg ulac, mi akken id d-ffen wungalen imezwura, tasekla taqbaylit tella tettidir

imiren yiwet n tallit ideg i d-tezger i tqenert yettawin gar timawit d tira. Deg

uzrug-agi, seg tsekla timawit er tsekla yuran, yu lal ddeqs n yirisen i d-

ibanen, amezwaru d adlis n Boulifa La mthode de langue kabyle, i d- (1) BOYER, (A.M.), Elment de littrature compare, Forme et genres, Hachette Livre. 1996, Un genre tardif, le dernier des genres natre. P 57. (2) MAMMERI, (M.), Pome kabyles anciens , Ed Maspero, Paris, 1980, P 12. La production potique a t en gros lapplication des facteurs et des genres anciens aux expriences nouvelles, sapplique galement la production narrative (3) AMEZIANE, (A.), Les formes littraires traditionnelles dans le roman kabyle : du genre au procd, in Actes du colloque La littrature amazighe, oralit & criture, spcificits & perspectives, IRCAM, Rabat, 2005.


24

yeffen deg useggas n 1913, wis sin yena irisen i yura Belid At li ama d

timucuha, ama d tulisin, ama d ungal (mi akken i d-ffen yirisen, ur d-banen

ara lenaf-agi akken iwata). Deg yiseggasen n 1970, tebda tettifrir-d tmedyazt

yuran, lulent-d tecqufin n umezgun sya usya, gar-asent iban-d wungal yuran s

teqbaylit (1).

Rnu er-s irisen n wungal wwin-d tektiwin timaynutin, fkan-d udem

nnien ef tsekla taqbaylit, ffen si enf n tmacahut, yerna wwin-d tiawsiwin

tijdidin: am temsalt n tasnimant n yiwudam*. Acu kan, imeskaren ur seren

ara lxi d tsekla taqburt. Yella wanda i d-ttualent timsal n tensayit deg

wungalen amedya n wungal I d wass n Amer Mezdad (2).

Ungal s umata d aris ezzifen, yettawi-d ef wayen yellan di tmetti, akken

i d-nenna di tazwara d tawsit tagejdant n tesrit, aya-agi d ayen i d-nufa di

tbadutin Muend Akli Sali deg wawal-is: Ungal d tawsit n tsekla temxalaf ef

tullist, yettili-d deg-s aas n weglam, iwenniten d yiwudam (3).

Ma nessegza-d ayen id d-nnena ef tenfalit n wungal di tsekla taqbayilt ad

yili s wakka la sab n tfelwit-a yellan ddaw: (4)

Tawsit n ungal

Ungal aqbayli s tenfalit n

Tefransist

Ungal aqbayli s tenfalit n

teqbaylit

Amaru D aqbayli D aqbayli

Adeg Tamurt n leqbayel Tamurt n leqbayel

Tutlayt yettwasxedmen Tafransist Taqbaylit

(1) SAADI, (N.), Op.cit, PP 154-155. (2) AMEZIANE, (A.), Asseqdec n tsekla taqburt deg ungal I d wass n Amer MEZDAD, sur http://www. tamazgha.fr, consult le 18/03/2013 10h30. (3) SALHI, (M.A.), Petit dictionnaire de littrature, Ed lOdysse, Alger, 2012, P 71. (4) AMEZIANE, (A.), Les formes littraires traditionnelles dans le roman kabyle : du genre au procd, in Actes du colloque La littrature amazighe, oralit & criture, spcificits & perspectives, IRCAM, Rabat, 2005, P 66.


25

2. Tudert n umaru Brahim TAZAART

Brahim TAZAART d amaru s tutlayt n tmazit, ilul ass n 15 yebrir 1966

di temnat n Bgayet, aswir-ines amenzu d ulemmas n unelmad yera-t di

tezmalt, ma yella d tesnawit deg Uqbu (Debbi Crif), anda i yeual d aselmad

urmid deg umusu amazi. Deg useggas n 1987 ixdem deg wammas n usile

adeblan am waken i yettiki deg usuffe n tesunt i yettwarun d kra n tutlayin

Rivages i d-itt-wazergen s ur tadukla n uxxam n yidles n tezmalt, syin akin

ikcem er yiwet n terbat n umezgun qqaren-as Tarwa n Ssumam.

Ma yella deg useggas n 1989 yella d aselway n umsekrired n temsizelt n

tmedyazt n (MCB), netta akked Said xellil, Sadeq Aqur, Nadir Jarmum, Naer

erban. Di 20 yebrir heggan-d yiwet n tmara, maca ur teffi ara akken ban,

maca s yisem n tdukla Tazarrat, ma yella deg useggas n1991 ixdem d

adamsan deg tesmawit n tmezrit, aseggas n 1994 yual d aselway ef unagraw n

tesmilin tielnawin n MCB anda i d-qeden ay-nsen d akken ad yili ( Le

Boycotte).

Brahim TAZAART deg useggas n 1995 yekka deg usarag aelnaw n

MCB/CN i yeran deg uxxam n Mulud Memmri, Tizi-Ouzou, asarag-a ur

yessawe ara ad yefk rrabul n umussu, Brahim TAZAART yea tiskiwin n

usarag n MCB yual er tira, deg useggas n 1997, yeffe-d seg tesnawit n

tmerit, ,a yella deg useggas n 1998 issuffe-d tumutt deg umis n Le matin

azwel-is (MCB, lpreuve de llection prsidentielle), anda id d-yenna

Tamazit d tutlayt taelnawt, tunsibt n lezzayer.(1)

Ayen yenan aric n tira, adlis amenzu yura Brahim TAZAART d amud n

tullizin tid i wumi isemma Lerrat 2003, yesa dien amud isefra isemma-

asen Akkin i tira 2006, dien yella yettaru i yimisen ef tmuliwin-ines i kra

(1) Http:// www.transcript-review.org/fr, consult le 14/03/2013 14h.


26

n temsal, am waken nera tullisin-ines llant deg yidlisen n tmazit n yinelmaden

ierbazen n tmurt-nne. Ma yella deg yiseggasen-agi ineggura yessuffe-d di 20

yebrir 2004 ungal-ines amenzu i wumi isemma Salas d Nuja, maca yeeb

imusnawen n waric-agi n tira, da ef waya yettunefk-as warraz deg tfaska

taelnawt n udlis i d-ierrun myal aseggas di tmanat n tmurt-nne (1).

Di 2005 yeer yiwet n la foire n yidlisen n tmazit i d-itt-wasudsen s ur

HCA deg useggas-nni, netta, Muend At Iil, Kamel Bumara, Jamel Ixlufi,

xedmen-d amazday n yimyura imazien (CALA), di Magu 2006 yettekki i tikelt

tis kra deg la foire n yidlisen n tmazit deg Wahran, di Yunyu 2006 dien

yettekki deg tfaska n tmedyazt deg lezzayer tajmilt i Jamal amrani, ma yella

deg useggas-agi n 2012 rnant-d tezrigin n tira ungal nnien i d-yessuffe

isemma-as Inig Aneggaru.

3. Awal ef ungal Inig Aneggaru

Ungal Inig Aneggaru gar wungalen ineggura i d-yeffen s teqbaylit,

yesa mitin utmanya usebin n yisebtar (278), yeba-t Brahim TAZAART ef

xemsa (05) yiricen:

- Aric amenzu: Anafag ebban Raman (07sb-24sb)

- Aric wis sin: Timlilit (25 sb -84 sb)

- Aric wis tlata: Tiersi (85 sb -172 sb)

- Aric wis reba: Gar yiberdan (173 sb -210 sb)

- Aric wis xemsa: Gar rwa d tualin (211 sb -277 sb)

(1) BALOULI, (F.), amagrad ef Salas d Nuja, Tamazit tura No 05, Ed HCA, Alger, 2010, P 37.


27

4. Agzul n wungal

Tiziri d tameut n Mehdi teffe-asen-d l Visa, ruen er unafag ebban

Reman iwakken ad unagen er tmurt n Fransa. Tinigt d tirga, d asirem n Tziri,

aas i tera iwakken ahat ad d-yas wass ideg ara tbeddel fell-as teswit, ad

tawwe er lmerub-ines, wa ad tidir tudert n zzehu d lez.

Zzwa n Tziri d Mahdi ur d-yelli ara s lebi n wul, imi Tiziri yezga

ttaxmim-ines ef wayen nnien d ayen ur yezmir Mehdi ad tt-yefhem deg-s.

Mehdi d Tziri uqbel timlilit-nsen llan d iseddawiyen. Mehdi yella yessen Nayla

d tamdakkel-is di tseddawit n Setif d tarabt, tezga ikccem-itt wugur d akken

imawlan n Mehdi ur qeblen ara ad illi zzwa-a gar-asen (tamsalt n nnesba gar

leqbayel d waraben). Lamena yal tikelt yeqqar-as edd ur yezmir ad ibedd

zdat lebi-s.

Maysa d tasdawant, d tamdakelt n Tziri, tetteki di tdukla n tlawin, mlalent i

tikelt tamenzut di teflist n Ticci, akken kan is-eddant ussan n umaris, Tiziri tufa

iman-is akked Maysa, tekka-as-d ef wayen itt-icuben,ef asmi tella di

tsennawit, asmi yebda wul-is yettissin lbanat d yiulfan n tudert. Di tesnawit

tessen Yuba tezdi-ten tayri, kecmen tasddawit, almi d aseggas aneggaru iqqes-

d Yuba ababat n Tziri Si Sliman abugau i nessba.

Tiziri tkemmel tekkud i Maysa ef wasmi yugi baba-s nnesba n Yuba,

as akken yella d mmi-s umdakkul-is Meyan ziz fell-as, maca yugi nnesba-agi

acku tawacult n Si Sliman d imraben. Yuba d agujil n ubabat, yettidir d

yemma-as ela er xwal-is.

Si Sliman d abugau n taddart, yedder tallit n tegrawla, aas n latab i

yesedda, asmi yella d ilemi ihemmel ela yell-is n Dda Qiqi, akken i d-kkren

deg yiwet n taddart, asmi tggu twacult n ela, msefraqen.


28

Tiziri ur tumin ad yeru waya, baba-s ad yagi nesba n Yuba, yezen wul-is,

teqqar-as i Maysa abrid-a i d-efre mai d nekk i tamenzut, aas n tlawin

iacen aya uqbel-iw, rray yettual er uqqeru n uxxam, wama tameut ur tesi

azref ad textar ne ad tawe er wayen teba, d tagi i d timetti taqbaylit.

Taluft-a n zzwa gar Tziri d Yuba tuqqel d ugur ameqqran, ur as-d-ufin

tifrat, Si Sliman yeef deg wawal-is ala nnesba-agi ur nettili ara, as akken

zizet fell-as yelli-s lemmer yettaf ad as-yefk ula d u-is. Salas gma-s n Tziri

win yellan di Fransa, imi i yesla swayen yeran, yemmesla d baba-s, yere

amek ad tiqne belli zzman ibeddel, zik d lenaya n yimraben i teddun, ma

yella tura timetti tezdi-tt dduwla, leqwani, d tezmert n tedemt. Si Sliman deg

ul-is yesa belli ammer d tamsalt n lewayed d wansayen n lejdud tili ad ten-

yeez, lamena tamsalt d ayen nnien.

Deg useggas ideg ifak Yuba leqraya-ines teffe-as-d Lvisa dtudes er

tmurt n Fransa, uqbel ad iu yemlal-d tziri, meren, mahaden tayri iten-yezdin

ad tkemmel er zdat wa ur itettu wa. Tiziri yezen wul-is mi tesla s rrwa n

Yuba, yea-tt-id deg wafrasen. Ula d yemma-s n Yuba ela tezen ef lefraq

n mm-is awid ur tesi waye deffir-s.

Yuba ihi di Fransa. Asmi zrin kra n yiseggasen, Yuba yeqqel d aqemqum,

axeddim, aurdi, lehna d zehhu di temdint n l Paris, xas akka ussan-is imenza

isedda-ten berriket, maca yual yeffe er litte. Mi i d-yewwe er tmurt

yerna icegge xal-is Belqasem er Si Sliman, lamer ahat ad iger udem i xal-is

imi yella gar yemdukal n Si Sliman. Dda Belqasem yere ad yessemlil gar-asen

lamena aya-agi d ayen ur d-nelli ara.

Yuba yual er Fransa, yeqse Dda Yidir at Muqran i yellan d amdakkul n

Belqasem akked Si Sliman yettidir di Yam di tmurt n Fransa, immesla-as ef

wassa-is d Tziri, yekker yenna-as: ru ad tnai taye, Tiziri ur ak-id-tettsa,


29

acimi, amek, D acu d ssebba? Ur ttnadi ad tfehme.(1) Yuba yewhem acimi i

d-as-yenna imeslayen-agi. Acku dda Yidir yera taqsit yeran gar Sliman d

ela, imi yiwet n tikkelt iru Sliman ad yesseqsi ef umdakkul-is Meyan deg

uxxam-is, tmugrit-id ela tenna-as: Meyan ullac-it, ....Kcem-d ad teswe

lqehwa, ni d aberrani i telli(2). Yera-d ayen yeran gar-asen, seg tama d

tallalit n yiulfan i tikkelt nnien, seg tama d Meyan ur nseu ara dderya

yezga yessarem ad yesu win ara ixelfen aar-is.

Asirem n Yuba mazal-it, azekka-nni yessawel-d i yemma-s, immesla-s ef

zzwa-is, tefra, teslilew ur tumin mmi-s awid yewwe d argaz, tura ad

iemmer wexxam-is. Testeqsa-t d anta-tt, yenna-as d yellis n Sliman At Senus,

tserra i tilifun tali, tuen teqqim sin wussan deg ussu ur tekkir, wis tlata

temmu-t, uqbel ad temmet temmesla d Muend gma-s, tweat ef Yuba, terna

tesirem ad d-yelli zzwa-a gar-asen, acku d atmaten a yellan.

Yuba ambed lmut n yemma-s, ibeddel tikli yual yessen Inas, yezzwe

yid-s san sin warrac, acen deg Fransa, ma yella d Tiziri tessen Mehdi i yellan

d amejjay, tezzwa yid-s mebla lebi, imi Yuba yezga ul-is yual-as inig er

Fransa d asirem, d targit-ines.

Mehdi yezga yettmeslay d yiman-is amer teba ad tecrek ddunit yid-is tili

ad tili anda yella fiel ma tunag, yerna netta yeba ad yidir di tmurt-is, asmi

yesla s lamala-ines i Yuba yellan di Fransa, yewwi-as-d l visa, mi i d-yewwe

lawan n lmerwa yenna-as: D lawan ad true, kker, adder it-tettu(3).

Terkeb Tziri tamsrifegt tru er tmurt n Fransa maca di temsrifegt yera-d

uxssar, rekben ula d irebraben i d-yeglan s lmuta n yimnigeyen, asmi i d-wwen

qrib er Marseille yeneq yiwen n urebrab yenna-as ad nual er tmurt n

(1) TAZAART, (B.), Inig Aneggaru, Ed tira, Alger, 2012, P156. (2) TAZAART, (B.), Op cit, PP 169-170. (3) Idem, P 246.


30

lezzayer, Tiziri ur tebi ara aya imi tere ad ters seg temsrifegt yena-tt

urebrab. Ma yella d Mahdi di lawan ideg terkeb Tziri, yemlal-d Nayla deg

unafag, da akken ikemlen tudert-nsen d lwaid.

Tagrayt

S umata d wigi i d iferdisen i d-yeddan deg ixef-a amenzu, ama d ayen

yenan amezruy n wungal di tsekla tagralant d teqbaylit, ama d asissen n

wungal d unaggal, nfak-it-id s wegzul.

Ixef wis sin

Ixef wis sin Timiranin n tiri d tesnarrayt

32

Ixef wis sin: Timiranin n tiri

Tazwart

Anadi usnan n yinagmayen izzayriyen deg unnar n tiri ur ugtent ara,

bexlaf kra n tezrawin n yimnuda n tkatut n lmagister ne n Doctorat, yerna drus

mai id d-yessazergen tizrawin-nsen d yidlisen. ef waya ad d-nefren yiwen n

wedlis kan i d-yettewessuzergen, i d-yewwin awal usrid ef yinumak d tbadutin

n kra n tmiranin icudden er tsekla, d adlis id d-yessuffe Muend Akli Sali

di tezrawt-ines ef tsekla. Seg tama nnien, iwakken ad nessebggen s lberz

timuliwin d tikta yettwarun ef timiranin-agi n tiri nefren-d dien s waas

idlisen n yinagmayen igralaniyen i d-yewwin ef enf-agi n tsekla am:

Vladimir Propp, Gerard Genette, Algirdas Julien Greimas, Tzvitan Todorov,

Reuter Yves, Adam Jean Michel, Raimond Michel atg. Akken ma llan eren

ad ssazergen di tira-nsen kra n tiriwin ef tussna n tsensiwelt d yiferdisen-ines.

Uqbel ad d-nawi awal ef tmiranin-a tiseklanin, issefk di tazwara ad

nesbadu d acu i d tiri n tsekla? Di lewhi n Sali Muend Akli d ayen akk i d-

yessefhamen d acu i d tasekla, d yal asmeren ef wayen yettwasaben d

tasekla, asmeren-a yettili ama ef twuri n tsekla (i wacu-ten yerisen-a?), ama

ef tessa n yirisen (Amek ttwabnan? ), tettili tiri d tawurant mi ara tessegzi

azal n umaru di tmetti, dien mi ara tesle assaen yellan gar tmetti akk d tsekla,

dien mi ara tezrew amiq n tikta (tifelsafiyin, tisnektiyin) di tsekla, tettili teri

d taessant mi ara tele iferisen i d-yeslalayen irisen n tsekla(1), ayen yezdin

innawen n tussna, am tussna-agi n tsensiwelt.

S umata yal tiri amek tettwali ullis, gar teriwin-a ad naf tiri tasimyutikit,

tasimyulugit , tasnilsant, tasentlant, tiri tasensiwelt, taneggarut-a tettnadi deg

uris aseklan ef waas n yiferdisen n tsiwelt (iwudam, adeg, akud), seg tama- (1) SALHI, (M.A), Petit dictionnaire de littrature, Ed Lodysse, 2012, Tizi-Ouzou, P 70.


33

nne ad nare ad nezrew deg ixef-a ullis s tiri tasensiwelt, wa ad nefk

tibadutin yemgarden di tira n yinagmayen d yiricen icudden er-sent.

1. Tasensiwelt 1.1. Tabadut-ines

D tussna n tsiwelt, d tazrewt ef yiferisen i d-yettaken aris n tsiwelt s

timmad-is, am umsawal d tewsatin-ines, am tkerrist d wakudatg. Tban-d

tamirant-agi n tsiwelt di tlemmast n lqern wis ecrin (20), ma yella d awal i d-

yemmalen tazrewt-a yesnulfa-t-id Tzvitan Todorov deg yiseggasen n 60 (1). D

tamirant iwumi yefka Todorov anamek-a: Tasensiwelt d tussna n wullis (2).

Tasensiwelt* s unamek nnien i d-yeddan di kra n tbadutin, d tazrewt i

weris asiwlan s tmuli tagejdant (vise principale) ef wallus n tekayt, ef

tessa d leqwani i ef yettwabna wullis, aya yettili-d ama s tmuli tasentlant

yenan (agbur ne tala n tsiwelt), s lmena nnien, d taslet ef wamek i yellaq

ad nesken leqwaleb n takayt. Tasetta* tamenzut n tsensiwelt tella-d s waas ef

tkerrist tasiwlant akked unamek n wamag*, ma yella di taggara-agi tisetta akk i

d-ibanen ttawin-t-id ef tenfalit n wullis alada ayen yenan ugur n tagnit n

tmenna (3).

Deg udlis n Reuter.Y iwumi isemma Lanalyse du rcit, yemmesla-d s

telqayt ef unekmar asensiwlan*, imi di lewhi-s d tussna yenan imenzayen

(principes) igejdanen n wesle agensay deg wullis (4).

(1) SALHI (M.A.), Op cit, P 60. (2) SCHAEFFER, (J.M.), La narratologie in nouveau dictionnaire encyclopdique des sciences de la langue, Ed Seuil, 1999, Paris, P 228. La science du rcit. (3) Http: //www.Fabula.org, quelque deffenitions, consult le 14/03/2013 9h30. Narratologie tude de textes narratifs (cest--dire : dont la vise principale est de raconter une histoire, et dont la structure obit aux lois du rcit) que cela soit dans une optique thmatique (question des contenus narratifs) ou formelle, cest--dire une analyse du mode de reprsentation de lhistoire qui implique alors une prise en compte de la spcificit du mdium. La premire branche de la narratologie repose en grande partie sur la conception dune squence narrative minimale (elle-mme discuter) et sur la notion dactant, alors que la seconde, axe sur lexpression, porte son intrt sur le problme de linstance nonciative . (4) REUTER, (Y), Lanalyse de rcit, 2 Edition, Armand Colin, 2005, France, P 09. Les principes essentiels de lanalyse interne des rcits .


34

Ma yella di tezrewt n Louis Hbert ef tarrayt n telet taseklant yesbadu-

d: Tasensiwelt tefka azal i tessa n tekayt yettwalsen deg uris, s tessa-nni n

wullis, s unamek nnien, s tsiwelt-nni i d-yettakken takayt mi ara myekcament

snat n tassiwin-agi war gar-asent, takayt tettban-d am uzrar yeuren d

yineruyen d taggayin, imi gar-asen i d-yettili usiwe n wullis, tasensiwelt tefka

azal alada er umsawal, tugna* i deg i d-ttwales takayt i wumsiwal* (1).

Maca tasensiwelt ur tezzerew ara iferdisen i yiman-nsen, tzerrew assa-nni

i d-yettbegginen seg yirisen-nni yakan, assa-a yeggar aris deg tsekla n

wullis(2).

Di lewhi n umaru Gerard Genette, tasensiwelt d adewweni ef wullis,

lmena-s d ayen i er teawe tezrewt ara yettwaxedmen ef tsiwelt, d wayen i

d-yeddan deg-s n taliwin (3).

S umata tasensiwalt d tussna i yezerwen tifukkas d teskiwin icudden er

weric n tsiwelt deg yirisen n tsekla ne deg taliwin nnien yurzen er wullis.

1.2. Tarda* n tsensiwelt

Yekkat umdan ad d-isefhem d acu i d tasekla seg wasmi i yebda yesnulfuy-

itt-id, imi tiriwin deg unnar aseklan, tamenzut deg-sent akk i ef i d-yecfa

umezruy di ddunit, yefka-tt-id ufaylasuf Aristote (uqbel talalit n Sidna issa), di

tazwara, yella bab n tiri yettnadi kan ad yefk iberdan ara yefer umesnulfuy

deg usnulfuy-ines, ef waya-agi timuliwin tirayanin timenza ef tiri d (1) HEBERT, (L.), http://www.signosemio.com/documents/mthodologie analyse-litteraire, pdf, Universit du Qubec Rimouski (Canada), 09/02/2013, P 43. La narratologie sintresse la structure de lhistoire narre dans les textes, la structure du rcit, cest--dire de la narration qui est faite de lhistoire, et aux interactions dynamiques entre ces deux structures. Lhistoire est entendue comme lenchanement logique et chronologique des tats et processus (actions). Puisque cest entre eux que se fait la transmission du rcit, la narratologie sintresse en particulier au narrateur, linstance qui raconte lhistoire, au narrataire, linstance qui lhistoire est raconte . (2) SCHAEFFER, (J.M.), La narratologie in nouveau dictionnaire encyclopdique des sciences de la langue, Ed Seuil, 1999, Paris, P 232. (3) Http//: www.narratologie.com, consult le 14/03/2013 9h. La narratologie cest un discours du rcit , cest--dire le rsultat raisonn dun travail dabstraction au cours duquel on aura dgag.


35

tiriwin timesluganin. Yeqqim enf-agi armi d lqern wis 18, syin akkin bdant

ad ttnulfuyent aas n teriwin tigelmanin (1). Am tiri-agi n tsensiwelt i yualen d

tussna wessien deg unnar n teriwin n tsekla.

Deg tazwara, Platon d Aristote i d-yewwin ef wullis alada deg mi i d-gan

tanmegla gar sin n yiricen deg tewsatin n tsekla i yellan deg tallit n teglest

(mimesis- digsis), as akken llan wid i yeggan tizrawin ef wullis, lamana

almi d tazwara n lqern wis XX i d-as-rran azal, banent-d aas n tmuliwin

tirayanin n tsensiwelt (2).

Timuhal* timenza yettwaxedmen ef tussna n tsensiwelt d tizrawin

tiseklanin i d-ibanen ef yifassen n yimseliyen Irrusiyen* di lqern wis ecrin

(20) d nutni itt-id-yesnulfan s unamek-ines atrar, di terbat-agi n yimseliyen

llant tezrawin yexdem unagmay Victor Chklovski deg udlis yura isemma-s

Tiri n tsekla (3) d Boris Eichenbaum, abeda deg wayen yenan tasentlant* n

tmucuha n Russe, s yin er da tual tmirant-agi tesa azal d ameqqran deg

usmeren ef tsekla, ef-itt-id si Fransa armi d Lalman, Legliz d Marikan.

Tazrewt n Vladimir Propp i d-yessuffe d adlis isemma-s Morphologie du

conte deg useggas n 1928 yu amkan s tahri di enf-agi, yettwassen i yis-s

alada di tmurt n Fransa, eddan 30 n yiseggasen mi i d-yeffe wedlis-a yual d

lsas i tezrawin i d-ibanen ambad, rnu er-s teri taessant n Claud lvi-Strauss,

akked d Algirdas Julien Greimas di teslet-ines ef tmucuha yessuffe-d ayen

iwumi isemma Azenzi n yimesgan* (4).

Di taggara n lqern wis XIX di tmurt n Lalman i deg nernan-t tezrawin ef

tsiwelt alada seg tezrawin yexdem Franz Karl Stanzel d Kte Hamburger. Ma

(1) SALHI, (M.A) , Tiriwin n tsekla, timsirin tiseddawanin, 2012-2013, Bouira, P 01. (2) SCHAEFFER, (J.M.), La narratologie in nouveau dictionnaire encyclopdique des sciences de la langue, Ed Seuil, 1999, Paris, P 228. (3) SALHI, (M.A.), Op Cit, P 02. (4) Http://www.narratologie.com, consult le 02/02/2013 9h30.


36

yella di tmurt n Fransa tussna-agi tennerna s tuget di taggara n yiseggassen n

1960 s tmentelt n yisskawanen (structuralisme), syin akkin deg 1969 yekker

Tzvetan Todorov, yessekcem tamirant-agi di tjerrumt n dcamron. Deg 1972

er 1983 yufrar-d Grard Genette di tezrawin-ines ef tussna n tsensiwelt,

yewwet amek ara issemgired gar tlata n temiranin (Histoire -Rcit- Narration),

iswi-s ad d-issebggen assa yellan gar-asent. Grard Genette yesbadu-d

timiranin tigejdanin n tsensiwelt yerna yessens (appliquer) akk tizrawi-ines ef

tewsatin n tsekla ama d timucuha ne d ullisen s uxeddim-agi n tussna n

tsensiwelt (1).

1.3. Iferdisen n tsensiwelt

Aas n yinekmar (approche) d tarrayin yettnadin deg uric n tsensiwelt, i

wakken ad d-segzin wa ad d-sbeggnen ayen yefren deg wullis am wakken id d-

yenna Reuter.Y: tasensiwelt d taslet n yiferdisen igensayen i yellan deg

ullisen(2). Llan inekmar inirriyen am: asnimetti, asnalsan, asniman..., ma yella d

anekmar agenay tella teri n tsensiwelt i yettwaban s timad-is ef sin n

yiricen: tasensiwelt tasentalt d taskarant.

1.3.1. Tasensiwelt tasentlant*

Tzerrew ayen icudden kan er tekayt, tettwaba dien ef kra n leqwaleb:

a) Lqaleb asimyutiki asiwlan (smiotique narrative)

Tasimyutikit s umata d tiri tamatut ef lemani n yirisen, gar wid iefren

tussna-agi ad naf Saussure, Peirce, Barthes, Greimas, Eco, Rastier..., er (C.S.)

Peirce yenna-d: D tussna, tzerrew talilt n yinumak (signification) ef taulin n

(1) GENETTE, (G.), Frontire du rcit Communication No 8, Ed Seuil, 1981, PP 158-169. (2) REUTER. (Y.), Op Cit, P 09. Les principes essentials de lanalyse interne des rcits.


37

wussnan akked tsekla(1), am tault n timettisent* ne tiklisent*, tafelsuft,

tasnilest*....atg.

Ma yella tasimyutikit tasiwlant* tzerrew anamek n tekayt, yerna takayt d

amsefer n tigawin i xeddmen yiwudam, di tazwara, isemyutikiyen i efren

abrid-a di tezrawin-nsen ttwalin d akken amag (awadem) d aglam i wayen

ixeddem n tigawin d yineruyen, maca taggara-agi tettwabeddel tikli, tban-d

tmuli tamaynut i wamag(2), aya-agi d ayen i d-yettwabegnen s telqayt deg yiwet

n tmuli tamaynut i d-yesnulfa Greimas (A.J.) deg wayen yenan imesgan*,

amag di lewhi n Greimas imal-d tawuri ne tamlilt* n uwadem di takayt, mai

lewayef-ines, amek yegga ne d acu ixeddem, rnu er-s awadem yezmer ad d-

yili d amdan, d aersiw, yezmer ad yili d tillawt ne d asugen, ne d ayen i d-

yesnulfa walla n wemdan am wazen, tteryel, amar azemni, talafsa..., ne d

iulfan am: tayri, tismin, lqer, lfer... Di tmuli n Greimas ayen akk i izemren

ad yefk tawuri, yezmer ad yesu lmana d unamek-ines di takayt (3).

Ihi, ma yella Greimas yeba azenzi-ines ef setta (06) n yimesgan

(amsifa/ anermas, amgay/ taawsa, amalal/amnamar), ilmend n wassa yellan

gar-asen, yettban-d ef lasab n unamek-nsen d akken amalal d umnamar mai

d imesgan d aaen (les acteurs), isemma-asen imawnen*, yezmer ad iawen

amalal, ne ad iare amnamar amgay, ihi seg waya ad naf tiri n yimesgan n

takayt er Greimas trea ef tlata, amgay, amsifa d tawsa i unermas. S

umata d tawuri n uwadem i d-yettaken lmana-s. Ayen iwumi semman

isemyutikiyen Anamek asimyutiki( 4).

(1) Le petit Larousse, Edition Entirement Nouvelle, Paris.1998, P 93. Etudes des pratiques signifiantes dans les divers domains, scientifiques et littraires. (2) COURTES, (J.), Smiotique narrative et discursive, Hachette Suprieur, 1993, P 18 (3) SALHI, (M.A.), Op Cit, P 31. (4) Http:// www.narratologie.com, consult le 03/03/2013 14h.


38

Seg tama nnien ad naf amaru Jean-Claude Coquet, deg udlis iwumi

isemma La qute du sens, iawed-d ayen i d-yenna Greimas lamana s wudem

nnien, imesgan (actants), yeba-ten ef tlata, amag amezwaru, amag alemmas

d wamag wis tlata (prime actant, second actant et tire actant), d nutni i yettaran

imesgan nnien di rrif, deg ubeddel n twuri d wassa d wugbur askaran

(pouvoir, savoir, vouloir) i d-tettban tmerna tulmist n la smiotique (1).

b) Lqaleb n usnazmul (modele smiologique)

Tasnazmulit d awal i d-yesnulfa Ferdinand Saussure i wakken ad

yessefhem tussna n tesnilest di tallunt tamettit* ef lasab n tussna n yinumak,

rnu er-s Roland Barthes gar yimnuda di enf-agi n tesnazmulit(2), s umata d

teri n lemani dien, tzerrew tikli n uwadem imi yettunasab dima d

amesnulfuy n lemani, deg uric n tsiwelt tzerrew yiwen gar iferisen n takayt,

am iwudam, akud, adeg..., s tawil n uzamul asnilsan i d-yettualen d azmul n

wullis.(3)

c) Lqaleb smio-pragmatique

Izerrew awadem effet de lecture d wayen i d-yessegray deg walla n wid

i t-yeqqaren(4).

Di lewhi n Vincent Jouve iwudam zemren ad banen ef tlata n lenaf

yemgarden di turi n umsiwal i wullis: Awadem yezmer ad yili d tallalt n

umyeres*, ne d amsezlu (aqeddic/service) n usenfar ara yexdem umyaru deg

ungal-ines, yezmer ad yili dien d inelan* n wemdan, am wakken i yezmer ad

yili di tfakult n uflali n usayes, i d-issereg wemssirew, s umata nezmer ad

(1) COQUET, (J.C.), La qute du sens, le langage en question, chapitre Instances denonciation et modalits, Edition PUF, France, 1997, PP 154-155. (2) Http:// www.Fabula.org, consult le 03/03/2013 14h. (3) Http:// www.narratologie.com, 03/03/2013 14h. (4) Wikipedia, http:// Narratologie, consult le 07/03/ 2013 18h.


39

nessegzen aya s tlata n turiwin-agi : asemdu anewrik (leffet-personnel),

asemdu n umdan (leffet-personne), d usemdu n tfakult (leffet-prtexte) (1).

1.3.2. Tasensiwelt taskarant (Modal)

Tzerrew s telqayt assaen yellan gar tekayt d tsiwelt, yerna ta temgarad

ef leqwaleb i d-nebder yakkan, nutni ttaran tamuli s waas er tala n uris,

ma yella d taneggaru-agi tettnadi deg ugbur-ines.

S umata leqwaleb-agi akken ma llan, s wazal-nsen, yal yiwen deg-sen

izerrew yiwet n tama seg tsensiwelt, ttaran tussna n tsensiwelt d tamerkanit,

ssihriwen akk iferdisen i d-iteddun deg-s d wayen akk zemren-t tezrawin n

yimnuda d yinagmayen ad tt-id-suksen seg tussna-agi. Maca tazrewt-nne tcudd

s waas er lqaleb wis sin (modal), i yettabaten am wakken i d-nenna deg

ugbur-ines.

2. Ullis*

Deg uric n tsekla, gtent tezrawin i d-yemmeslan ef uris aseklan, aas n

yinagmayen i yessawen ad d-fken tibadutin d tmuliwin-nsen ef wullis.

Tzvetan Todorov ibeggen-d annect-a imi i d-yenna: Inaw ef tsekla, ilul-d

yakan asmi i d-tlul tmuli tamenzut ef tsekla.(2)

Tizrawin-a slalen-t-d aas n yinekmar: wid n tesnilest, tasnalest, tussna n

tmetti, tasnimant...atg. Aris aseklan yettili deg waas n tewsatin am: tmucuha,

ungal*, amezgun, umyi, tanqist...atg. Tuget deg-sent ttasen-t-d s tala n wullis

am wakken i d-yenna Roland Barthes: S taliwin-ines ur nettfakka, ullis yettili

(1) Http:// www.narratologie.com, consult le 03/03/2013 14h. Selon Vincent Jouve les personnages peuvent induire trois types diffrents de lecture: "Un personnage peut se prsenter comme un instrument textuel (au service du projet que sest fix lauteur dans un roman particulier), une illusion de personne (suscitant, chez le lecteur, des ractions affectives), ou un prtexte lapparition de telle ou telle scne. On nomme respectivement ces trois lectures : leffet-personnel, leffet-personne et leffet-prtexte. (2) TODOROV, (T.), La potique, in Encyclopdia Universalis, Dictionnaire des genres et notion littraire, 2001, P 106. Le discours sur la littrature nat en mme temps que la littrature mme .


40

di yal tallit, di yal amdiq, di yal timetti, ullis yedda-d yakan akked d umezruy n

talsa* (1). Ullis* ihi yettili yid-nne deg tudert n yal-ass. D tala yellan ama deg

tsekla timawit ne di tin n tirawit. Rnu er tama, ad naf M.A Haddadou ullis

er-s d aris aseklan yellan si zik, yettawi-d ef umezruy n talsa i d-yeddan s

ubrid n timawit er tira (2).

Deg tbadutin i d-yefka Jean-Michel Adam yenna-d: Ullis d agenses n

yiwen ne n waas ineruyen(3). Anamek d usebgen-ines yettili-d ama s tawil n

tugna ne s usaru, ma yella d alles-ines yettili-d s yimi ne s tira.

Ullis d tarrayt tagejdant i swacu nezmer ad d-nessebggen tigawin d

tugniwin n tekayt, yerna yiwet n teakayt tezmer ad ttwales s wacal n

yiberdan, am umsefer n wakud* deg ullis, di yal tikelt ilaq ad ner ma yella

ifer-it umsawal ne xai (4).

2.1. Timiranin tigejdanin n wullis

Ssawen yimarayen n wullis ad d-ksen tulmisin i yellan deg-s, tid id d-

yettilin di yal aris i d-yettasen s tala n wullis, tulmisin-agi ttbanent-d deg

reba (04) n yiberdan :

a) Takayt tesa taessa: D ayen icudden er tedyanin amek i d-rant d wamek msefarent d ubeddel-nsent seg waddad n tazwara almi d addad n taggara, rnu

dien tugzimin akk d usdukkel-nsent.

b) Takayt zdin-tt yismilen: D ayen yenan iwudam d umsawal. c) Takayt tesa akud: Yena akud n tedyanin akked wakud n wullis. d) Takayt tesa adeg: I deg rant tedyanin (5).

(1) BARTHES, (R.), Introduction lanalyse structural des rcits, Ed Seuil, Paris, 1977, P 08. Sous ces formes presque infinies, le rcit est prsent dans tous les temps, dans tous les lieux, dans toutes les societs; le rcit commence avec lhistoire mme de lhumanit. (2) HADDADOU, (M.A.), Introduction la littrature brbre, Ed les Oliviers, Tizi-Ouzou, 2007, P 147. (3) ADAM, (J.M.),Le rcit, Paris, 1984, p10. le rcit est la reprsentation d (au moins) un vnement. (4) Http:// www.Fabula.Dfinition.com, consult le 07/03/ 2013 18h. (5) ACHOUR, (C.) & BEKKAT, (A.), Clefs pour la lecture des rcts, Edition du Tell, Blida, 2002, PP 37-60.


41

2.2. Taessa n wullis*

Di tezrawt-nne ef wullis yessefk ad nerr lwelha er tessa-s, imi taessa

d lsas i ef yettwabna, yis-s i nezmer ad nessemgired tawsit n wullis ef tewsain

nnien, di tazwara ullis yettwabna ef tessa-agi iwumi isemma Sali (M,A)

Imebdi , ayen iwumi qqaren s tefransist Incipit , d awalen imezwura i

yettilin deg uris, zemren ad ilin d awalen idduklen d tifyar akken zemren ad

ilin d taseddart ef umenzu n wedlis am wayen yecban ullis, yesa imebdi azal d

ameqqran, deg-s i d-ttbanen yiwudam igejdanen n weris, ne ef wacu ara ad

d-yawi umsawal aris-ines(1).

ef tessant-agi dien ad naf aas n yimnuda i d-yemmeslan fell-as s

telqayt, gar-asen ad nebder G.Genette deg udlis-is alada ef tjeumt d tessa n

wullis, ssawen netta akked Greimas ad d-inin d akken ullis mai d tawsit gar

tewsatin n tsekla ne d idles, maca d yiwet n tewsit ur nettbeddil ara yettwabna

ef yiwet n tessa i yesselayen takayt(2). Rnu er-s asuffe n tessa n wuris

yessishil tigzi n lebni-ines, d yiwen n leqdic agejdan i wakken ad d-nissin akken

iwata aris i neba ad t-nesle, acku asuffe n tessa d allal mai d iswi (3).

er tama nnien ad naf kra n yimnadiyen am Adam (J.M.), Greimas a

ladaa Larivaille ssawen ad d-suffen yiwen n uzenzi aessay i wumi

semman Azenzi imsemmes* n wullis i yellan d taessa tameqqrant deg kra

n yiferisen igejdanen, ihi iferdisen i ef yettwabna d wigi (4):

Addad n tazwara: D addad n talwit anda tidyanin mazal ur bdint ara, yal

taawsa deg umkan-ines.

(1) MUHEND, (A.S.), P46. (2) ADAM, (J.M.), in Encyclopdie Universalis, Dictionnaire des genres et des notions littraires, Ed Seuil, Paris, P 632. (3) ACHOUR, (C.) & REZZOUG, (S.), Introduction la lecture du littraire, Ed OPO, 2005, Alger, P 186. (4) REUTER, (Y.), Analyse du rcit, Ed Armand Clin, 2005, P 21.


42

Aferis n urway: D timentalt ne d aferdis i yettbeddilen tikli n wullis, s

ussexreb n waddad n tazwara.

Taneflit n tedyanin: Deg-s yettili-d umaz n tkerrist yettbeddilen tikli n

wullis.

Aferis n ureqe: D timentalt ne d aferdis yettaraen ad d-yaf tifrat i

yieblan d wuguren yellan deg wullis.

Tualin er waddad n tazwara (tifrat): Di tegnit-a tidyanin ttawent er

taggara-nsent, d tualin er waddad n talwit.

S umata, nezmer ad nessegzi iferdisen-agi s uzenzi-a, la sab n wamek it-

yexdem Reuter:

Seg tama ad naf ayen iwumi qqaren Amsefer n wullis*, imi amsawal

yessefk fella-as ad yefren amsefer iwatan, i swacu ara ad ibeggen ineruyen n

wullis-ines, ay adra yedbe amsefer-a ne ala (1).

2.3. Tuddsa n wullis*

Ullis di tuddsa-ines, yettwaba ef yiwen n uferis agejdan d yiswiren-

ines, yenna Tzvitan Todorov deg wawal-is ef akken it-id-yebder Christian

Achour: Aris aseklan d takayt, yettbeggin-d kra seg wayen yellan di tilawt, d

(1) Http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schma_actantiel, consult le 13/04/2013 11h.

Addad

Addad n

tazwara

Addad n

tazwara

Addad n

tazwara

Addad n

tazwara

Addad n

tazwara


43

yineruyen i d-yettilin s ur iwudam Maca, aris dien d inaw, yella umsawal

i d-yettalsen takayt, seg tama-s yella imeri i as-isellen ne yettwali-t, deg

liala-agi mai d yineruyen ne d tignatin i yesan azal er yimeri, lamena

d tarrayt n umsawal amek i d-yettales, d netta i yettaan imeri ad d-tyessin wa

ad d-yessin ayen i d-yeqqar (1). Ihi tuddsa n wullis tebna ef tudsa n tekayt d

yiswiren-ines, akk d tsiwelt.

2.3.1. Takayt*

Takayt, deg uris aseklan akked tmuli tasensiwlant, d tadeyyant i d-

yeggaren taddeyant nnien s tmesla d usnimer* n tigawin, masub tigawin-agi

teddunt, leunt s ya er da d axel n takayt (2). D aric seg wullis, teskan-d

amaal yesseqdec umaru deg uris am wakud, adeg, iwudam s umata yettban-d

deg usatal n uris aseklan ne deg wakud i deg neqqar(3) .

Takayt tettwab ef sin yiswiren:

Tugzimt*

D aric deg tekayt, d ayen icudden er umsefer n tedyanin d yineruyen

deg wullis s tmela*. D ayen akk i nezmer ad nekkes seg umsefer n tigawin ta

sdat ta, yerna yal taggara n tugzimt tleddi-d tazwara n tin i d-iteddun.

Am wakken i d-yenna Reuter: Deg wayen yerzan tasnarrayt, talet tseu

uguren, tezmer ad tili s lmendad n sin yiswiren, deg tama iferdisen ugten

ttwabnan-d ef tilawt am tigawin, seg tama nnien d iferdisen imadwanen (1) TODOROV, (T.), cit par ACHOUR, (C.) & REZZOUG (S.), Op cit, PP 185-186. Luvre littraire est histoire, dans ce sens quelle voque une certaine ralit, des vnements qui se seraient passes des personnages () Mais luvre est en mmes temps discours, il existe un narrateur qui relate lhistoire; et il y a en face de lui un lecteur qui la peroit. A ce niveau, ce ne sont pas les vnements rapports qui comptent mais la faon dont le narrateur nous les a fait connatre (2) HEBERT, (L.), http://www signosemio.com/documents/ mthodologie analyse- litteraire.pdf, Universit du Qubec Rimouski (Canada), 09/02/2013, P 25, consult le 13/04/2013 11h. L'histoire, dans un texte littraire et dans la perspective de la narratologie, est l'enchanement logique et chronologique des actions et tats thmatiss (cest--dire vhiculs par le contenu du texte). (3) Http://signosemio.com/Genette/narratologie.asp, consult le 13/04/2013 11h.


44

imesduklanen ne d iricen n uzenzi imsemmes. ef waya tugzimt d tifrat i

wuguren-agi(1).

Ihi tugzimt tettili s sin yiswiren, ur telli meiyyet ur telli ezzifet,

yessegza-d Reuter deg wawal-is d akken ugtent tarrayin i swacu nezmer ad

nekkes tugzimin si yal ullis, yal aris yesa tarrayt i d-as-ilaqen. Ma nezzi-d er

tarrayt ara ad nessaxdem i leqdic-nne ad tt-id-naf d tin i d-yessegza Reuter, imi

i d-yeqqar: Tugzimt tettili-d yal mi ara ad d-nekkes tayunt n wakud, adeg,

tigawin ne iwudam, ilaq seg tama-nne ad d-nefren ayen ilaqen ilmend n

weris i nezrrew(2).

Ma nezzi-d awal er tuddsa n tugzimt*, ad naf Bremond (C) yere amek

ara ad yaf tarrayt s wayes uddsent tugzimin deg tekayt, isenned si liha-s ef

tikli n wullis s umata, aya yella-d s usddukel n tektiwin-is er wayen yexdem

V.Propp d waas n yissensiwal nnien, d tayunt taddayt n wullis d tawuri

yettwassemersen i tiggawin d yineruyen, dduklent d tugzimin d ayemmi i d-

ttakent ullis. Yerna asdukkel n waas n tugzimin meiyen ttakent-d tugzimin

tuddzayanin*(3). S umata llant aas n tarrayin i wusddukel n tugzimin, maca yal

aris yesa tarrayt-is, rnu er-s aris-nni ara ad nefren i telet d netta ara a-d-

yemlen d acu n tarrayt iwatan.

Takerrist*

D amsefer d usuddes n yineruyen akken i d-ttwakan deg tekayt (ama d

ungal, ama d tullist, ama d amezgun). Takerrist, teqqen mli er tsiwelt d

usuddes n wakud deg tekayt: zemren yineruyen ad d-twakun akken

(1) REUTER, (Y.), Op Cit, P 26. Dun point de vue mtodologique, lanalyse demeure cependant tiraille entre dune part des units multiples et en grande partie calques sur le rel, les actions et, dautre part, des units trs abstraites et globalisantes, les tapes du schma quinaire. Dans ce cadre, la notion de squence peut constituer une rpense intressante en tant quunit danalyse intermdiaire . (2) Idem, P 27. Il y a squence ds que lon peut isoler une unit de temps, de lieu, daction ou de personnage. Il sagit alors de slectionner le critre le plus opratoire en fonction du texte considr . (3) ACHOUR, (C.) & BEKKAT, (A.), Op cit, P 43.


45

msefaren; zemren ad d-ttwakun akken nnien(1). Takerrist d iers n tmela i

yesdukulen imela n waddaden d tiggawin n tekayt.(2)

Rnu er-s yal ullis yesa takerrist acku seg iferdisen igejdan i er icudd

wullis, am wakken dien d tagnit anda i d-yettili ubeddel deg tedyanin n wullis s

umata. Aas iqedcen ef tault n tsiwelt gar-asen Veldmir Propp deg udlis

Morphologie du conte deg useggas n 1928, d amezwaru i ierden ad d-yessile

takerrist n wullis deg leqdic-is ef tmucuha n Russ, imi yessawe ad yessuffe

31 n twuriwin yemgarden anda s ya er da tettban-d deg-sent tkerrist(3).

Seg tama, ad naf ayen i ur ssaween kra n yimnuda am: Adam, Greimas,

alada Larivaille er yiwen uzenzi s wazal-is, deg-s iferdisen ne tignatin i d-

ikemen deg usuddes n tkerrist akked wullis(4).

Ungal dien yebna ef tiggawin i d-yettaken asuddes n tkerrist, taneggarut-

a tesnulfa-d tugzimt, lmena-s azrug-nni i d-yeslalayen iferdisen n wadeg, akud

d tigawin n yiwudam, ullisen s umata tezmer tkerrist ad tban deg-sen s tala n

uzenzi asiwlan* yettwabnan ef ineruyen-a: tagnit n tazwara i d-yettmalen

akatar n tkerrist*, arway n yineruyen (vnement perturbateur), addud n

yiwudam (situation des personnages), ineruyen imneknan (vnement

quilibrant) akked tegnit n taggara(5).

Rnu er tama, takerrist tettwaba ef tlata lenaf:

Takerrist tasuft (lintrigue unique)

Temmal-d taqidt n yiwudam, seg wasmi yebda wugur n tkerrist almi d tifrat,

enf-agi yuget s waas di tullisin. (1) SALHI, (M.A.), Petit dictionnaire de littrature, Ed lOdysse, Alger, 2012, P 54. (2) HEBERT, (L.), Op Cit, P 25. Lintrigue est le fil logique qui unit les diffrents tats et actions de lhistoire . (3) REUTER, (Y.), P 21. (4) Idem, P 23. (5) Http://www.espace francais.com/analyser-un-roman/.13/04/2013 12h00.


46

Takkerist tasemlalt (lintrigue complexe)

Temmal-d aas n tkerras mcuddent war gar-asen, anda imeri wades yezmer

ad d-yedbe akk tiqiin n yiwudam ef wakken lleunt, enf-agi d win yugten

deg wungal.

Taddyant i d-yeggaren taddyant nnien*

D annerni n tkerras war gar-asent, tessekcam takerrist di taye, tettara

takerrist tassenant d axel n tkerrist tagejdant, alada mi ara i d-iekku uwadem

taqit-ines.

2.3.2. Tasiwelt

Tasiwelt* gar yiricen igejdanen n wullis d lsas-ines, akken yebu yili

yinan n wullis, d imawi ne d irawi ad t-naf d win i d-iekkun tidyanin, ef

waya aas n yimyura i d-yemmeslayen ef yiricen d yiferdisen n tsiwelt alada

Grard Genette, Reuter Yves,...atg aya-agi s umata d ayen ief ara ad nessuget

awal s tuzi, ad nemmeslay fell-as s leqayt deg yixef i d-iteddun imi fell-as ara

nebnu tazrewt-nne.

Tagrayat

S umata, d wagi ihi i d awal s tewzal ef tmiranin tigejdanin i yerzan

tussna n tsensiwelt, ixef i deg nessawe ad nbeggen inumak, d tbadutin, d

turdiwin n tmiranin-agi. Rnu er-s tiriwin d tarrayin n yimarayen i d-

yemmeslan ef waya, deg unadi, d tezrawin, i d-yeddan deg yidlisen.

Ixef wis tlata

Ixef wis tlata Tiri n tsiwelt deg ungal

48

Ixef wis tlata: Tiri n tsiwelt deg wungal

Tazwart

Ungal gar tewsatin tigejdanin i ef yerra umesnulfuy ne umaru lwelha-s,

d enf yuen tunti-s d temkant-is deg unnar n usnulfu aseklan, imi aas n

tulmisin d twuriwin i t-yezdin, yufrar-d ef lenaf nnien alada deg wayen

yenan tasiwelt*, d tumant (Phnomne) tamaynut yesan azal d ameqqran deg

uris aseklan, acku tasiwelt d tarrayt n umsawal, deg-s i yettaf iman-is iwakken

ad yessenfali, ad yessefruri tiktiwin-ines ef ineruyen d tiggawin n tekayt,

annect-a akk nettaf-it-id yal tikelt deg wungal.

Aric-a d aferdis agejdan seg yiferdisen n tsensiwelt, tasugna d tmiranin-

ines s umata. Ur yeshil ara iwakken ad neg tilas ger tsiwelt d tekayt ne gar

tsiwelt d weglam n yineruyen. Tasiwelt d yiferdisen-ines myekcamen war gar-

asen, ef waya ad nere seg tama-nne deg yixef-agi wis tlata ad d-nemeslay

ef tiri n tsiwelt d wayen itt-yezdin, wa ad nare ad d-nefk tibadutin id d-

yewwin fell-as, as akken mxalafent gar yinagmayen, yal wa d acu n tbadut i d-

as-yefka, s yin akkin ad naddi er wayen yenan iferdisen-is.

1. Tasiwelt 1.1. Tabadut-ines

Tasiwelt* temmal-d tigawt n umsnulfuy n wullis, anda i yezmer ad

yezrew tamuli timant n usiwal i d-yewwi seg kra n yimarayen i d-yesbadun

tagnit n usiwel (1).

(1) Http:// www.Fabula.org.definition, consult le 14/03/2013 9h30. La narration dsigne lacte producteur

du rcit (et peut donc tre tudie du point de vue de lnonciation) la source duquel certains thoriciens

identifient une instance nonciative.


49

D abrid i yefer umsawal akken ad d-yeku ineruyen n tekayt. Yezmer

umsawal (netta di tilawt d tamsalt yeqqnen er lebi n umaru imi ayagi d tamsalt

n ufran n uanib) ad d-yeku (ad d-isawel) ineruyen akken msefaren di

tekayt, yezmer ad isizwer ineruyen ef wiya. Yezmer ad isifses tasiwelt ne

ad tt-yerr d taayant, ad tifsus tsiwelt mi ara ttemsefaren yineruyen wa deffir

waye, ur yili d acu i ten-id-ebsen. Ma ulac aas n uglam, ulac aas n

yiwenniten d waas n yineruyen gar yiwudam, ad tili tsiwelt fessusset. Ad

teay tsiwelt ma yella umsawal ittwessif-d aas (ama d iwudam, ama d adeg,

ama d ayen nnien), yerna isenaq-d aas iwudam n tekayt, yerna dien ittak-d

iwenniten (ama ines ama n wiye). Mesub, taggara n wawal: d aglam d

yiwenniten d yidiwenniyen ur nettaa ara ineruyen ad msefaren wa deffir

waye, d nutni i ten-iferqen akken ad tizif tekayt yerna ad taay tsiwelt-

ines(1).

Reuter dien yesbadu-d tasiwelt yenna-d: Tasiwelt teskan-d tifran

tigejdanin n tfukkas i yesseddayen tuddsa n tekayt d axel n wullis(2).

Ma yella Achour d Bekkat di lewhi-nsen, tasiwelt d annar yenan tarrayt n

ekku d wallus(3). Gerard Genette tasiwelt er-s d inaw asiwlan*, d lsas n teslet

n uris deg ullis(4).

Raimond (M.) seg tama-s immesla-d ef tsiwelt belli, d ayen akk

yettwabnan, yettwalqem-d seg wamud n tedyanin s yimeslayen i d-yettilin s

uanib usrid (5).

Rnu er-s Jean-Michel Adam yenna deg wawal-is: Tasiwelt, akken ma

tella tleu s sin leqwani, amenzu yurrez er enf n uris am wullis, wis sin (1) SALHI, (M.A,), Op cit, PP 62-63. (2) REUTER, (Y.), Analyse du rcit, Armand Clin, 2005, P 40. dsigne les grands choix techniques qui rgissent lorganisation de la fiction dans le rcit qui lexpose . (3) ACHOUR, (C.) & BEKKAT, (A.), Clefs pour la lecture des rcts, Ed du Tell, Blida, 2002, PP 60-61. (4) GENETTE, (G.), Figure III, Ed le Seuil, Paris, 1972, PP 71-72. (5) RAIMOND, (M.), le roman, Ed Armand Colin, Paris, 2005, P 150.


50

yurrez er unagraw i yesseqaden ullis-agi, ef wacu ibedd d wamek i d-

yettwagenses (reprsentation) (1).

Deg wayen yenan idlisen yettwarun s tarabt ef tsiwelt, ad naf tabadut i

d-yefka umaru Bakr Amin yenna-d: Tasiwelt s unamek-ines wessien tena

allus n uneruy ne n waas ineruyen i yezmer ad ten-id-yesnulfu umsawal ama

d ineruyen n tilawt ne n usugen, am wakken tena dien ayen ara ad d-yales

umsawal s yisem n yemsiwal, s umata tasiwelt d abrid-nni i s wacu i d-ttwales

takayt tettili-d deg ungal. Aya akk nezmer ad t-id-nesseggzen s uzenzi-a:(2)

Deg udlis nnien n Sala Brahim yewwi-d ef tsiwelt, d akken: "D talalt n

usnulfu n yineruyen isewlanen(3), yis-s i yettnerni uxeddim n unaggal, yis-s i

yezmer dien ad yual di rrif, annect-a yettual er tezmert n umsawal d tmusni-

ines deg ussexdem n yiferdisen n tsiwelt akk d wassa-ines d yiwudam, aya-a d

ayen ara ad yeen imeri ad yeqbel axeddem-agi wa ad as-yejeb.

1.2. Tala n tsiwelt*

Tasiwelt s timad-is tettas-d s tlata n taliwin yemxalafen, am wakken nera

imataren di tutlayin akken ma llant ttwabant ef tlata: Amenzu d amatar

Nekk win yettmeslayen, wis sin d amatar Ke win i wumi nettmeslay,

aneggaru d amatar n layeb netta win i ef nettmeslay, deg waya ihi amsawal

yettual di tsiwelt-ines er-sen, imi taliwin-agi ttwasnent si zzman aqdim armi

d tallit n tura am teqsit n Kalila d Dimna yettwasnen si zik, ma nual-d er

tumgzin tierfaniyin tirabin ad tent-id-naf d tid i d-yettasen di tuget s tala tis

tlata n layeb. S yin akkin tasensiwelt tennerna di tallit-agi tamirant, tbeddel tikli

(1) Http:// www. la narrathologie.pdf, consult le 31/03/2013 10h00.

( " " ) ( 1998 33- 34 2) 3) ( " " ) ( 1 2003

. 124

Amsawal Amsiwal takayt


51

ualen yimsiwal ssaxdamen tala n win yettmeslayen d win i wumi nettmeslay,

aya-agi s umata yennerna s tawilat i d-yettnulfun deg tfukkas d tewsatin n

tsiwelt yewaen amaynut, taliwin ihi d tigi:

1.2.1. Tasiwelt s umatar n layeb: Netta

D tala yettwasnen di tallit n zik, tettwasexdem s waas deg usiwel imawi,

Fourman Ferdeman yesbadu-d tarrayt-agi yenna-d: D takayt i d-yettales yiwen

n uwadem(1), d tala ifazen imi tettrekkiz ef leqdic asiwlan i d-yezzin i

wungal, ma yella d Sayed Ibrahim, tasiwelt yettwabnan ef umatar n layeb

tekka-d seg uswir d tmusni talayant yekseb umsawal d tiktiwin-ines tilayanin i

usiwe n tikta-s i yimdanen.

1.2.2. Tasiwelt s umatar n win yettmeslayen: Nekk

Seg tama n wazal yettas-d d wis sin deffir umatar n layeb,

yettwassexdem di tsiwelt n tekayin n at zik am tekayt n Cahra Zad akked

"Alef lila wa lila, amsawel deg usexdem-ines i umatar yettara amek ara ad

yefsi amgired-nni yellan gar wakud n tsiwelt, gar-as d yiwudam, am wakken

dien yettban-d umsawal d awadem agejdan deg ungal, acku yettmeslay-d s

yiles n uwadem agejdan, asa*, d yiwudam isenaniyen, d netta i yesselayen

ineruyen d tigawin n yiwudan ef akken yeba.

1.2.3. Tasiwelt s umatar n win i wumi nettmeslay:Ke

Yettas-d d wis tlata, d tala tamaynut deg tala n tsiwelt, d ayen

yettwasnen s waas, yettili-d d alemmas gar umatar n layeb d win yettmeslayen,

(1) " " ) ( 2002 "

"195


52

yettara umsawal seg-s ad yeglem liala n yiwudam, seg tama nnien ad

yesnerni tutlayt swacu i d-yessawal deg ungal-ines(1).

S umata ajme gar tlata taliwin-agi, d tamsalt n ucebba n wawal d

yinawen mai d tanamekt*, d taliwin kan mai d lsas n tsiwelt, amsawal d

ilelli yezmer ad d-yessexdem tala i d-as-yehwan, aya-agi mai d netta ara ad

yesnernin i tira ma yella txus maca yessaxdam-iten umsawal iwakken ad yeflali

uxeddim-ines.

1.3. Amsawal d lenaf-ines

Amsawal d awadem amezwaru i d-yettbanenn deg ullis (2). Amsawal* d win i

d-yessawalen (i d-iekkun) takayt (deg uris n tsiwelt). Amsawal, yemxallaf

ef umaru. Amaru, d amdan yettidiren deg tilawt, ma d amsawal yettili kan deg

uris. D taect-nni i d-iekkun deg uris (ama d ungal, ama d tullist, ama d

tamacahut ne d enf nnien n uris n tsiwelt). Amaru, yesnulfuy-d takayt, ma

d amsawal iekku-tt-id. Llan tlata n lenaf n yimsawalen: amsawal anir,

amsawal agensay d umsawal awadem(3).

1.3.1. Lenaf n umsawal

a) amsawal agensay*

D amsawal i d-iekkun takayt ideg netta s timmad-is yettekki: d awadem

gar yiwudam nnien. Yessen ayen i ssnen akk yiwudam nnien, mai am

umsawal aniri(4). Yerna ma yella umsawal ittekki deg tigawt yezmer ad yesu

aas n wudmawen: Amsawal d asa n tekayt s wudem ame

Tasledt n tsiwelt deg wungal Inig Aneggaru n Brahim TAZATART-Boubhira Hayet et Bouchouka Malika.pdf

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Transcript of Tasledt n tsiwelt deg wungal Inig Aneggaru n Brahim TAZATART-Boubhira Hayet et Bouchouka Malika.pdf