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DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL......................................................................................................i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN.......................................................................................ii

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN..........................................................................................iii

KATA PENGANTAR...................................................................................................iv

DAFTAR ISI.................................................................................................................vi

DAFTAR TABEL.........................................................................................................ix

DAFTAR GAMBAR.....................................................................................................x

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.................................................................................................xi

ABSTRAK..................................................................................................................xii

ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................xiii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

A. Latar Belakang.........................................................................................................1B. Rumusan Masalah....................................................................................................7C. Tujuan Penelitian.....................................................................................................7D. Manfaat Penelitian...................................................................................................8E. Keaslian Penelitian..................................................................................................8

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

A. Timbal....................................................................................................................101. Deskripsi timbal...............................................................................................102. Sumber, penyebaran dan sifat timbal...............................................................103. Kemampuan timbal untuk membentuk persenyawaan dan kegunaannya.......124. Port d’entry timbal ke dalam tubuh.................................................................135. Dampak timbal pada tubuh manusia................................................................146. Monitoring dan tingkat timbal normal dalam tubuh manusia.........................167. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar timbal dalam tubuh manusia..........17

B. Hipertensi...............................................................................................................191. Pengertian hipertensi.......................................................................................192. Klasifikasi hipertensi.......................................................................................193. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi hipertensi..................................................204. Hubungan timbal dengan hipertensi................................................................24

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C. Kerangka Teori......................................................................................................27D. Kerangka Konsep...................................................................................................28E. Hipotesis................................................................................................................29

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN

A. Jenis dan Desain Penelitian...................................................................................30

B. Lokasi Penelitian...................................................................................................30

C. Subjek Penelitian...................................................................................................30

D. Variabel Penelitian.................................................................................................32

E. Definisi Operasional..............................................................................................32

F. Instrumen Penelitian dan Metode Pemeriksaan Pb Darah.....................................34

G. Pengolahan dan Analisis Data...............................................................................35

H. Pelaksanaan Penelitian...........................................................................................36

I. Keterbatasan Penelitian.........................................................................................36

BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

A. HASIL PENELITIAN...........................................................................................381. Deskripsi Lokasi Penelitian.............................................................................382. Uji Normalitas data..........................................................................................403. Analisis Univariat............................................................................................404. Analisis Bivariat...............................................................................................45

B. PEMBAHASAN....................................................................................................471. Karakteristik variabel numerik........................................................................472. Karakteristik variabel kategorik.......................................................................493. Karakteristik responden berdasarkan Pb darah rendah dan tinggi...................514. Karakteristik responden hipertensi dan tidak hipertensi..................................525. Tekanan darah responden berdasarkan kebiasaan merokok, minum alkohol

dan kopi............................................................................................................536. Hubungan masa kerja dengan kadar Pb darah.................................................547. Hubungan kebiasaan merokok dengan kadar Pb darah...................................568. Hubungan kadar Pb darah dengan kejadian hipertensi....................................569. Hubungan variabel pengganggu dengan hipertensi.........................................58

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BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

A. KESIMPULAN....................................................................................................62B. SARAN.................................................................................................................62

DAFTAR PUSTAKA...................................................................................................64

LAMPIRAN.................................................................................................................71