Supply Chain Management
description
Transcript of Supply Chain Management
Supply Chain Management
Andary A Munita Hanafiah
Rule Of Conduct
• Min 80% Present in Class• Don’t Use Sandal, Kaos Oblong and Hand
Phone During the Lecture• Having Good Attitude• Complete all assignment On time
Tantangan Yang Dihadapi
• Perubahan kondisi Pasar : Seller’s Market Buyer’s Market.
• Kebutuhan Konsumen :• Keragaman dari produk• Ketersediaan produk• Harga yang bersaing• Layanan yang ditawarkan• Prilaku beli Konsumen
• Kompetisi Global
Kebutuhan Manufaktur
Variety Product
Shorter Lead Time
Good Quality
Technology Investment
Lower Cost Competitive Price
Foreign
LocalCustomer Satisfaction
Rantai Pasokan
Definitions and Terminology
• Supply Chain• Supply Chain Management• Distribution Channel• Demand management• Logistics management
Supply Chain
Sekelompok pendekatan yang berdaya guna untuk memadukan para pemasok, manufaktur, channel distribusi, sehingga produk dapat diproduksi dan didistribusi dalam jumlah, lokasi, dan pada waktu yang tepat untuk meminimasi biaya systemwide sementara memenuhi system level requirement. [David Simchi Levi ]
Aliran dalam Rantai Pasokan
Supplier Manufacture Distributor Customer
Financial (Invoice, TOP), Material/Products, Information (Capacity, Delivery)
Payment, Retur, Information (Order, Forcast)
Konsep Rantai Pasokan
Dalam konsep SC ini juga termasuk didalamnya Perencanaan & Pengaturan :
- New product development- Marketing- Operations- Distribution- Finance- Customer service
Manfaat SCM :
• Mengurangi inventory barang• Menjamin kelancaran penyediaan barang• Menjamin mutu• Mengembangkan supplier partnership
Performance of a Supply Chain
• Cost of the products delivered to markets• Level of service provided to customers
Managing the supply chain effectively can improve customer service levels dramatically, reduce excess
inventory in the system, and cut excess costs from the logistic network
Fase Pengambilan Keputusan Dalam SC
Merancang Strategi• Menentukan Struktur & Proses pada tiap tahapan dalam SC• Mentukan Keputusan Strategic dalam SC :
Lokasi & Kapasitas Fasilitas Produk Moda Transportasi Sistem Informasi
Perencanaan– Lokasi Target Pemasaran– Level Inventory– Promosi & Pemasaran
Operational• Horizon Perencanaan lebih pendek (Alokasi pesanan, due date,
Jadwal penghantaran)• Tingkat ketidakpastian yang lebih rendah
Kerangka Pengambilan Keputusan
Corporate Strategy
Competitive Strategy
Supply Chain Strategy
Inventory Transport W’housing Information
Supply Chain Structure
Area Cakupan SCM
BAGIAN CAKUPAN KEGIATAN
Pengembangan Produk Riset Pasar, merancang produk baru, melibatkan supplier dalma perancangan produk baru
Pengadaan Memilih supplier, mengevaluasi kinerja supplier, melakukan pembelian bahan baku dan komponen, membina hubungan dengansupplier
Perencanaan dan pengendalian
Demand planning, peramalan permintaan, perencanaan kapasitas, perencanaan produksi dan persediaan
Operasi/produksi Eksekusi produksi, pengendalian persediaan dan mutu
Pengiriman/distribusi Perencanaan jaringan distribusi, penjadualan pengiriman, memelihara hubungan dengan perusahaan jasa pengiriman, memonitor service level ditiap pusat distribusi
The Supply Chain
Consumer
Retailer
Manufacturing
Material Flow
VISA ®
Credit Flow
Supplier
Supplier Wholesaler
Retailer
CashFlow
OrderFlowSchedules
Inventory
Sumber daya menganggur (Idle) yang menunggu proses lebih lanjut Jenis Inventori :
• Bahan Mentah (RAW MATERIAL)• Barang Setengah Jadi (WIP)• Barang Jadi (Finished Goods)
Fungsi :• Menjamin kelancaran proses pemenuhan
permintaan sesuai dengan kebutuhan pemakai• Meredam fluktuasi permintaan agar tidak terjadi
kekurangan• Motif spekulasi
Siklus Pengadaan Barang
(1) PROSES TENDER DAN KONTRAK(2) TRANSAKSI PENERIMAAN(3) TRANSAKSI PENGELUARAN
PEMAKAIAN
RENCANA KEBUTUHAN
( RK )
PROGRAM PENGADAAN
PENYIMPANAN
PEMASOK
1
2
3
Purchasing MaterialControl Production Sales Distribution
Stage 1: baseline
Materials Management
ManufacturingManagement Distribution
Stage 2: functional integration
Materials Management
ManufacturingManagement Distribution
Stage 3: internal integration (logistics)
Suppliers Internal supply chain Customers
Stage 4: external integration(supply chain)
Integrasi Rantai Supply Vs Inventory
Why Supply Chain Management?
1950-1980s Manufacturing• 1950, U.S. is the only country that can manufacture cars.● You buy a car from GM, all the money will go to the GM.1980-2000s Supply Chain Management• Today, foreign parts and labors are much cheaper than that in US.● You buy a car from GM, only a portion of money will go to the GM.
Parts $5,000
Labor 4000
Overhead 2000
Management
Marketing 3000
Total Cost $14,000
Transportasi• Fungsi :
– Perpindahan Barang – Penyimpanan Barang
• Prinsip :– Skala Ekomonis : Biaya per satuan unit vs Jumlah pengiriman– Jarak Ekonomis : Biaya per satuan unit vs Jarak pengiriman
• Pengaturan dalam Transportasi :- Transport Planning- Vehicle Routing and Scheduling- Delivery Execution and Shipment Tracking
Distribution Channel For Consumer Good
Manufacture
Manufacture
Manufacture
Wholesaler Retailer Consumer
Wholesaler
Retailer
Retailer Consumer
Consumer
Consumer
Jobber
Manufacture
Transportation & Logistic
•Physical movement of goods and services
•Companies need to adopt a strategic transportation sourcing (STS) approach
•Strategic sourcing considers costs within the total manufacturing and distribution supply and demand environment
•Companies sometimes outsource the transportation activities
Distribution
• Pengaturan dalam saluran distribusi :• Specialization• Assortment
Andary A Munita Hanafiah
• Software Systems– Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)– Material Requirements Planning (MRP)– Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II)– Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)– Supply Chain Management Systems (SCM)– Customer Relationship Management (CRM)– Internet-based Software
• Network Infrastructure– Wide Area Network– Internet (for E-commerce: B2B, B2C)
Information Technology for Supply Chain Management
Supply chains in a global environment must be:– Flexible enough to react to sudden changes in parts
availability, distribution, or shipping channels, import duties, and currency rates
– Able to use the latest computer and transmission technologies to manage the shipment of parts in and finished products out
– Staffed with local specialists to handle duties, trade, freight, customs and political issues
Global Supply Chain Issue