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BONE, JOINT AND

MUSCLES INJURIES

EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTT

SARAWAK GENERAL HOSPITAL

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Functions of the skeletal system

It gives a shape or form to the body

It supports the body, allowing it to standerect.

It provides the basis for locomotion, ormovement, by giving muscles a place toattached, and it contain joints that allowmovement (where bones are joined together

by ligaments)

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Functions of the skeletal system

It formsprotection for

major body

organs, such as

the brain (skull),

the heart and

lungs (rib cage),

pelvic organs,

and the spinal

cord (vertebrae).

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The Skeletal system

The upper extremity- Shoulder girdle.

- The upper extremities are

attached to the shoulder

girdle which is formed

largely by shoulder blade

(scapula) & the collar bone

(clavicle)

- Arm.

-The arm (shoulder toelbow) has one bone

known as humerus.

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The Skeletal system

Forearm (elbow to wrist) has two bone: the

radius on the thumb side and the ulna on the

little finger side.

Hand.

The hand has many bones including those of the

wrist & finger- Carpus, metacarpals & phalanges.

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The Skeletal system

Pelvis and the lower

extremity

Pelvis.

The pelvis bone is a bonyring formed by the scarum

and two pelvic bones.

- Hip joint.

- The lower extremity is

attached to the pelvis at thehip joint.

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The Skeletal system

Upper leg (thigh). The upper leg contains one bone known

as femur. It is the longest, heaviest andstrongest bone of the body.

Kneecap. The leg also has a bone at the kneecap known

as patella.

Lower leg.

The lower leg has two bones; the tibia in frontand fibula in back.

Foot. The foot has many bones- Tarsus, metatarsals

& phalanges

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MUSCLE

Muscle is a special type of tissue thatcontracts or shortens, when stimulated.

The three major types of muscles are:

Involuntary (smooth) muscles, which are not

under conscious control. They handle the workof the internal organs with the exceptional of

the heart.

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MUSCLE

Voluntary (skeletal) muscles, which areunder conscious control. Skeletal musclesare attached to the bones either directly orby tendons. When the voluntary muscle

contracts through stimulation, it shortens& pulls on a part of the skeletal system,causing movement

Cardiac or heart muscle also known as

myocardium.

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Tendons

Form a shiny, white band that attaches

to the muscle and , through a network

of tiny fibers, connects with a bone. If

sharp, sudden force is applied, the

tendon nay pull loose from the bone

and may even pull a small piece of

bone away from it.

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Ligaments

Connect bone to bone. When a ligament is

injured, the individual parts give away at

different places along the entire ligament

length.Most joints of the body haveligaments at the side located farthest from

the center plane of movement.

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Ligaments