Sss - k24 (Histologi Telinga 1)

8/17/2019 Sss - k24 (Histologi Telinga 1)

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Histology of Ear

Histology Department

Medical Faculty

University of Sumatera Utara

2008


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References:

Gartner LP Hiatt !L" #olor te$t%oo& of

'istology" 2nd ed" P'iladelp'ia" () Saunders

company" 200*

+iers,en%aum -L" Histology and cell %iology

an introduction to pat'ology" 2nd ed"

P'iladelp'ia" Mos%y .lsevier" 200/


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Ear

*" .$ternal .ar

2" Middle .ar

" 1nner .ar

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:HumanEar.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:HumanEar.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:HumanEar.jpg


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External Ear

Pinna -uricle3 1rregularly s'aped plate o4t elastic cartilage covered %y

t'in s&in

Meatus acusticus e$terna 5'e canal t'at e$tends f4t pinna into t'e temporal %one

to t'e e$ternal surface o4t tympanic mem%rane Superficial portion is composed of elastic cartilage

6'ic' is continuous 6it' t'e cartilage o4t pinna"

5emporal %one replaces t'e cartilage as support in t'einner 24 o4t canal

1s covered 6it' s&in containing 'air follicles se%aceousglands ceruminous glands modified s6eat glands3


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Pinna

Meatus Acusticus

Externus


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Ceruminous glands

Modification of apocrine

s6eat gland

5u%ular glands7

Produce cerumen

ear6a$3

Myoepit'elial cells

surrounded t'e

secretory portion of

ceruminous glands


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Middle Ear

5ympanic mem%rane

5ympanic cavity

-uditory ossicles malleus (hammer)

incus (anvil)

stapes (stirrup)

-uditory .ustac'ian3 tu%e

Muscle 5ensor tympani muscle

Stapedius muscle


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ympanic mem!rane

.$ternal surface is covered %y epidermis7

#ollagen and elastic fi%ers fi%ro%lasts

interposed %t6 2 epit'elial layers 1nternal surface is covered %y simple

suamous to cu%oidal epit'elium


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ympanic cavity

1s an air filled space located i4t petrous portion o4t temporal %one Posterior9 mastoid air cell -nterior9 auditory eustac'ian3 tu%e Medial 6all9 oval 6indo6 and round 6indo6

Lateral 6all9 tympanic mem%rane )ony ossicles spans t'e distance %t6 tympanic mem%rane and t'e

mem%rane o4t oval 6indo6"

1s lined mostly %y simple suamous epit'elium and pseudostratifiedciliated columnar ep near auditory tu%e3

Lamina propria )ony 6all9 -d'eres to %ony 6all and 'as no glands :verlaying cartilage portions9 'as many mucous glands 6'ose ducts open

into tympanic cavity

Muscles

M tensor tympani9 movement o4t tympanic mem%rane M sta edius9 movement o4t %on ossicles


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Auditory "ssicles

Malleus 1s attac'ed to tympanic mem%rane

1ncus 1nterposed %t6 malleus and stapes

Stapes 1s attac'ed to t'e oval 6indo6

-re articulated in series %y synovial ;ointslined 6it' simple suamous ep"


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#nner Ear

)ony la%irynt' Semicircular canals


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$ony %a!yrinth Mem!ranous %a!yrinth

Semicircular canals Semicircular ducts


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$ony la!yrinth

1s lined 64 endosteum and is separated f4t mem%ranousla%yrint' %y perilymp'atic space t'at is filled 64 perilymp'"

Semicircular canals are oriented at =0o to one anot'er

:ne end of eac' canal is an enlarged end called ampulla Semicircular duct mem%ranous la%yrint'3

ound 6indo6 fenestra coc'lea3 Utricle and saccule mem%ranous la%yrint'3

#oc'le arises as a 'ollo6 %ony spiral t'at turns upon itself Modiolus9 central %ony column

:sseous spiral lamina


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Mem!ranous la!yrinth

1s composed of an epit'elium from em%ryonicectoderm derived f4t em%ryonic ectoderm 6'ic'invades t'e developing temporal %one and gives

rise to saccule and utricle semicircular duct andcoc'lea

#irculating t'roug't t'e entire mem%ranousla%yrint' is endolymp'

5'in strands of connective tissue from endosteumpass t'roug' t'e perilymp' to %e inserted intomem%ranous la%yrint'" 5'e connective tissue

strands carry %lood vessels"


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&accule and utricle

Ducts o4t saccule and utricle Ductus utriculosaccularis connects saccule and utricule

.ndolymp'atic duct ? endolymp'atic sac

Ductus reuniens ;oins t'e saccule 6it' coc'lear duct 5'e 6alls are composed of

- t'in outer vascular layer of connective tissue

Simple suamous to lo6 cu%oidal epit'elium

@on receptor epit'elium Lig't cells

Dar& cells

>eceptor epit'elium neuroepit'elium3 ? maculae


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Maculae -re located so t'at t'ey are perpendicular to eac' ot'er

Macula o4t saccule is located in t'e 6all ? detecting linearvertical acceleration

Macula o4t utricle is located in t'e floor ? detecting linear

'ori,ontal acceleration -re t'ic&ened areas of epit'elium 2 A mm in diameter" -re composed of

2 types of neuroepit'elial cells 5ype 1 and 5ype 11 'air cells3

supporting cells -re covered %y and em%edded in a t'ic& gelatinous

glycoprotein mass t'e otolit'ic mem%rane" 5'e surface oft'is mem%rane contains otolit' otoconia3 small calcium

car%onate"


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ype # hair cells

Has a single &inocilium and stereocilias arranged in ro6s

according to lengt' .ac' stereocilium is anc'ored in terminal 6e%

)ending can occur only in t'e nec& region of stereocilia -re plump cells 64 a rounded %ase t'at narro6s to6ard

t'e nec&

#ytoplasm9 :ccasional >.>

- supranuclear golgi comple$

@umerous small vesicles


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&upporting cells

-re interposed %t6 'air cells Structure

Have a fe6 micovilli !unctional comple$es %ind t'ese cells to eac' ot'er

and 'air cells .$'i%it 6ellBdeveloped golgi comple$ and secretory

granules

Functions9 Maintain t'e 'air cells #ontri%ute to t'e production of endolymp'


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#nnervation

from vesti%ular portion o4t vesti%ulococ'learnerve

)ase of type 1 'air cells are entirely surrounded

afferent nerve fi%er 5ype 11 'air cells e$'i%it many afferent fi%ers

synapsing on t'e %asal area of t'e cell"

Synaptic ri%%ons 5ype 11 synapses 64 efferent nerves for increasing

efficiency of synaptic release


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&emicircular ducts

#ontinuation o4t mem%ranous la%yrint' from utricle .ac' of ducts is dilated at its lateral end near t'e

utricle3 ? ampullae

#ristae ampularis9 speciali,ed receptor areas 1s composed of a ridge 6'ose free surface is covered sensory

epit'elium 5ype 1 and 11 'air cells Supporting cells

#upula9 similar to otolit'ic mem%rane %ut itCs coneBs'aped anddoes not contain otolit's


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Cochlear duct and organ of

corti

#oc'lear duct is a diverticulum of t'e saccule" (edgeBs'aped receptor organ 'oused in t'e %ony coc'lea Surrounded on 2 sides %y perilymp' %ut separated from it %y 2

mem%ranes 5'e roof is vesti%ular >eissnerCs mem%rane3 6'ereas t'e floor

is t'e %asilar mem%rane

5'e perilymp'Bfilled compartment lying a%ove t'evesti%ular mem%rane is scala vesti%uli 6'ereas t'e

perilymp'Bfilled compartment lying %elo6 t'e %asilarmem%rane is scala tympani" 5'ese 2 compartmentscommunicate at t'e 'elicotrema near t'e ape$ o4tcoc'lea"


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'esti!ular and $asilar

mem!rane


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&tria 'ascularis

1s a pseudostratified epit'elium located in t'e lateral 6all o4t coc'learduct e$tends %t6 vesti%ular mem%rane and spiral prominence

contains an intraepit'elial ple$us of capillaries 6'ic' are surrounded%y %asal processes of marginal cells ascending processof %asal and intermediate cells

1s composed of cell types9 Marginal cells

Dar& staining E dense cytoplasm contain mitoc'ondria and small vesicles

a%udant microvilli on t'eir free surfaces )asal cells

Less dense cytoplasm 1ts cytoplasmic process interdigitate 64 ot'er cells

1ntermediate cells Less dense cytoplasm


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Capillary


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M# marginal cells

1# 1ntermediate cells

)# %asal cells

: ,onula occludens

- ,onula ad'erens

D desmosome

#-P capillary


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&piral Prominence

Located on t'e inferior 6all of coc'lear duct

1s a small protu%erance t'at ;ust out from

periosteum of coc'lea

5'e %asal cells and vascular layer covers t'e

prominence"

1nferiorly t'ese cells are reflected into spiral

sulcus 6'ere t'ey %ecome cu%oidal and continue

onto %asilar lamina as cells of #laudius 6'ic' lies

overlie t'e smaller cells of )ttc'er


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%im!us

Located at narro6est portion o4t coc'lear duct

6'ere t'e vesti%ular and %asilar mem%ranes meet

1s composed of periosteum

Part of lim%us pro;ects over t'e internal spiral

sulcus tunnel3


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>eissners mem%rane >M3 spiral ligament SL3 stria vascularisS


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"rgan of Corti

Speciali,ed receptor organ for 'earing Lies on %asilar mem%rane 1s composed of

neuroepit'elial 'air cells supporting cells

Pillar cells P'alangeal cells )order cells #ells of Hensen

5ectorial mem%rane 1nner tunnel


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&upporting Cells 1nner and outer pillar cells

5all cells 6it' 6ide %ases and apical ends t'at are attace'ed to%asilar mem%rane

5'e central portions are deflected to form t'e 6alls of innertunnel7 apical portion contact eac' ot'er"

P'alangeal cells :uter p'alangeal cells

5all columnar cells t'at are attac'ed to %asilar mem%rane -pical portions are cupBs'aped to support t'e %asilar portions of

outer 'air cells along 6it' efferent and afferent nerve fi%ers

Do not reac' t'e free surface of organ of corti Space of @uel9 a fluidBfilled gap around unsupported regions o4t

outer 'air cells #ommunicates 64 inner tunnel

1nner p'alangeal cells Located deep to t'e innel pillar cells #ompletely surround t'e inner 'air cells


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&upporting Cells

)order cells Delineate t'e inner %order o4t organ of corti

Slender cells t'at support inner aspects o4t organ

of corti

#ells of Hensen Define t'e outer %order

Located %t6 outer p'alangeal cells and cells of#laudius


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ith li l (H i ) ll t


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euroepithelial (Hair) cells ot

"rgan of Corti

1nner 'air cells Single ro6 of cells supported %y inner p'alangeal cells -re s'ort and e$'i%it a centrally nucleus numerous

mitoc'ondria located %elo6 terminal 6e% >.> S.>and small vesicles"

-pical surface contains I0 A J0 stereocilia arranged inK


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euroepithelial (Hair) cells ot

"rgan of Corti

:uter 'air cells -re supported %y outer p'alangeal cells

-re arranged in ro6s of or 3

-re elongated cylindrical cells 6'ose -pical portion9

*00 stereocilia in K( s'ape

Lateral portion #ortical lattice9 filaments t'at support cell

)asal portion9 @uclei and mitoc'ondria

afferent and efferent fi%ers synapses


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ectorial Mem!rane

#ontains αB and βBtectorin proteins

.$tends out6ard over t'e sensory epit'elium from

t'e spiral lamina

1s in close contact 64 taller stereocilia of 'air cell

('en t'e %asilar me%rane and organ of corti are

displaced stereocilia 'it t'e tectorial mem%rane

and depolari,ation of 'air cells occurs


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5'an& Nou

Sss - k24 (Histologi Telinga 1)

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