SISTEM ENDOKRIN PADA AVES

SISTEM ENDOKRIN PADA AVES

SISTEM ENDOKRIN (SECARA UMUM) SISTEM ENDOKRIN PADA AVESKELENJAR ENDOKRIN PADA AVES (LEBIH SPESIFIK)TOPIC PRESENTASI

Faded picture background with full-color video overlay(Intermediate)

To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.On the Insert tab, in the Media group, click Video, and then click Video from File. In the left pane of the Insert Video dialog box, click the drive or library that contains the video. In the right pane of the dialog box, click the video that you want and then click Insert.Under Video Tools, on the Format tab, in the Sizing group, click the arrow to the right of Size to launch the Format Video dialog box.In the Format Video dialog box, select Size from the left pane, under Scale in the right pane clear the Lock Aspect Ratio box.In the Format Video dialog box, select Size from the left pane, under Size and Rotate in the right pane, set the Height to 7.5 and set the Width to 10. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following: Click Align Center.Click Align Middle. Select the video. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click Copy.Also on the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow below Paste, and select Paste Special. In the Paste Special dialog box, select Paste, and then under As, select Picture (JPEG).Select the (JPEG) image. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:Click Align Top. Click Align Left.Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the Adjust group, click the arrow under Color, and then under Recolor select Tan, Background color 2 Light (third row, first option from the left). On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow below Arrange, and select Send to Back.Select the video. Under Video Tools on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the arrow at the bottom right corner to launch the Format Video dialog box, and then select Crop in the left pane. In the Crop pane, under Crop Position do the following:In the Width box, enter 3.17. In the Height box, enter 7.5.Also in the Format Video dialog box, select Glow and Soft Edges in the left pane. Under Soft Edges in the right pane, click the arrow next to Presets and select 25 Point.On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, select Play.Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, click the arrow to the right of Start and select With Previous.Select the video. Under Video Tools, on the Playback tab, in the Video Options group, select Loop until Stopped.

To reproduce the text effects on this slide, do the following:On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide drag to draw your text box.With the text box selected type in desired title text (Title).Select the text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click the arrow at the bottom corner to launch the Font dialog box, then on the Font tab do the following:In the Text Font box, select Calibri from the Font list.In the Font Style box, select Bold.In the Size box, enter 36 pt, and then click OK.Also on the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, select the Center Text icon. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click the arrow at the bottom right corner to launch the Format Text Effects box, and then select Reflection in the left pane and in the Reflection pane click the arrow to the right of Presets and under Reflection Variations select Half Reflection 4 pt Offset (second row, second option from left).Also on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the arrow at the bottom right corner to launch the Format Shape dialog box, select Position in the left pane, and in the Position pane do the following:In the Horizontal box, enter 3.16 from Top Left Corner.In the Vertical box, enter 0.5 from Top Left Corner.On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide drag to draw your text box.With the text box selected, type in desired body copy text.Select the text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, select Calibri from the Font list, and then select 28 pt from the Font Size list.Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the arrow at the bottom right corner to launch the Format Shape dialog box, select Position in the left pane, and in the Position pane do the following:In the Horizontal box, enter 3.6 from Top Left Corner.In the Vertical box, enter 2.25 from Top Left Corner.Close the Format Shape dialog.2

SISTEM ENDOKRIN

SISTEM ENDOKRIN

SISTEM ENDOKRIN

SISTEM ENDOKRINSistem endokrin adalah sekelumpulan kelenjar dan organ yang memproduksi dan mengatur hormon-hormon dalam aliran darah untuk mengontrol banyak fungsi tubuhKelenjar endokrin merupakan organ spesifik yang menghasilkan suatu produk kimia yang disebut hormonHormon adalah suatu senyawa kimia organik yang disintesis oleh kelenjar dan disekresikan dalam jumlah sedikit langsung ke sasarannya berupa jaringan atau organ tanpa melalui saluran khusus.Sistem endokrin pada unggas merupakan sistem regulasi yang kerjanya dirangsang oleh sistem syaraf untuk mengontrol kegiatan pada tubuh unggas.

11/21/2015 6:41 PM 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

4

KELENJAR ENDOKRINSecara umum, kelenjar endokrin terdiri dari :kelenjar hipofise atau pituitari (hypophysisor pituitary glanrl) yang terletak di dalam rongga kepala dekat dasar otak; kelenjar tiroid (thyroid glanrl) atau kelenjar gondok yang terletak di leher bagian depan; kelenjar paratiroid (parathyroidglanrl) dekat kelenjar tiroid; kelenjar suprarenal (suprarenalglanrl) yang terletak di kutub atas ginjal kiri-kanan; pulau Langerhans (islets of langerhans) di dalam jaringan kelenjar pankreas;Kelenjar timus , terletak pada dada kelenjar kelamin (gonarl) laki di testis dan indung telur pada wanita. Placenta dapat juga dikategorikan sebagai kelenjar endokrin karena menghasilkan hormone

5

SISTEM ENDOKRIN PADA AVES

PEMBAGIAN KELENJAR ENDOKRIN PADA AVES

Animated picture list with color text tabs(Intermediate)

To reproduce the SmartArt effects on this page, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank. On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click SmartArt.In the Choose a SmartArt Graphic dialog box, in the left pane, click List. In the List pane, double-click Horizontal Picture List (fifth row, second option from the left) to insert the graphic into the slide. Press and hold CTRL, and select the picture placeholder and text shape (top and bottom shape) in one of the objects. Under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click Add Shape, and then click Add Shape After. Repeat this process one more time for a total of five picture placeholders and text shapes. Select the graphic. Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, click Size, and then do the following:In the Height box, enter 4.44.In the Width box, enter 9.25.Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, click Arrange, click Align, and then do the following:Click Align to Slide.Click Align Middle. Click Align Center. Select the graphic, and then click one of the arrows on the left border. In the Type your text here dialog box, enter text.Press and hold CTRL, and then select all five text boxes in the graphic. On the Home tab, in the Font group, select Corbel from the Font list, and then enter 22 in the Font Size box.Select the graphic. Under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the SmartArt Styles group, do the following: Click Change Colors, and then under Colorful click Colorful Range Accent Colors 2 to 3 (second option from the left).Click More, and then under Best Match for Document click Moderate Effect (fourth option from the left).Select the rounded rectangle at the top of the graphic. Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the arrow next to Shape Fill, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 35% (fifth row, first option from the left).Click each of the five picture placeholders in the SmartArt graphic, select a picture, and then click Insert.

To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animations group, click Animation Pane.On the slide, select the graphic. On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow at the Effects Gallery and under Entrance, click Float In.In the Animation group, click Effect Options, and under Sequence, click One by One. In the Timing group, in the Duration list, click 01.00.In the Animation Pane, click the double-arrow below the animation effect to expand the list of effects, then do the following to modify the list of effects:Select the first animation effect, and then do the following:On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow at the Effects Gallery and then click More Entrance Effects. In the Change Entrance Effects dialog box, under Moderate, click Basic Zoom.Click Effect Options, and under Zoom, click Out Slightly. In the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous.Also in the Timing group, in the Duration list, click 01.00.Press and hold CTRL, select the third, fifth, seventh, ninth, and 11th animation effects (effects for the text shapes), and then do the following:On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow at the Effects Gallery and then click More Entrance Effects. In the Change Entrance Effects dialog box, under Basic, click Peek In, and then click OK. In the Animation group, click Effect Options, and under Direction, click From Top. In the Timing group, in the Duration list, click 01.00.Press and hold CTRL, select the second, fourth, sixth, eighth, and 10th animation effects (effects for the pictures). In the Timing group, in the Start list, select After Previous.

To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Linear.Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stop or Remove gradient stop until two stops appear on the slider, then customize the gradient stops as follows:Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following:In the Position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 130, Green: 126, and Blue: 102.Select the last stop on the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 71%.Click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left).

LETAK KELENJAR ENDOKRIN PADA AVESPineal = bentuk kecil, bulat dan terletak di belakang hemisphaerium cerebri.Hypophysis = bentuk seperti ginjal, letaknya pada basis otakThyroid = bentuk bulat kecil, berwarna coklat muda, jumlah ada dua buah dan terletak dekat vena jugularis pada batas leherParatyroid = bentuk kecil, terletak dekat kelenjar thyroidAdrenal = bentuk bangunan bulat dan kecil, berwarna kekuning-kuningan terletak di di depan ginjalTimus = jumlahnya sepasang ,letaknya di sepanjang leher.K. gonad = terletak di ovaryPancreas/pulau langerhans = Dalam jaringan kelenjar pancreas

SISTEM KERJA HORMON PADA AVESPusat rangsangan syaraf yang mempengaruhi kerja hormon pada unggas terdapat pada hipothalamus. Rangsangan syaraf dari luar akan ditransformasikan menuju hipothalamus sehingga hipothalamus akan mensekresikan hormon- releasing factor (HRS). HRS yang dihasilkan hipothalamus akan mengatur regulasi hormon yang dihasilkan oleh pituitari pars anterior/PPA (anterior pars pituitary). PPA memproduksi hormon yang sifatnya dapat mengatur kerja dari beberapa kelenjar endokrin. Beberapa hormon yang disekresikan PPA antara lain Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), dan dua dua jenis Gonadotrophic hormone (GTH) yang masing-masing berefek pada aktivitas kelenjar tiroid, kelenjar adrenal dan kelenjar kelamin dan juga menghasilkan Growth hormone (GH) yang mengatur pertumbuhan tubuh unggas. Beberapa kelenjar tersebut akan terangsang untuk menghasilkan hormon tertentu yang mempunyai fungsi tertentu (Nesheim et al., 1979).

KELENJAR ENDOKRIN PADA AVES

1. KELENJAR PINEALMerupakan kelenjar yang kecil, bulat dan terletak di belakang hemisphaerium cerebri. Hormon yang dihasilkan belum jelas fungsinya.

2. KELENJAR PITUITARYberbentuk seperti ginjal, letaknya pada basis otak.Terdiri dari dua bagian yaitu PPA (anterior pars pituitary), dan PPP (posterior pars pitutary)HORMON YANG DIHASILKAN DAN FUNGSINYA :PPA ( Anterior Pasr Pituitary)- FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) : Stimulasi perkembangan folikel (calon telur) dalam ovariumLH (Luteinizing Hormone) : Proses ovulasiLTH (Luteotropic Hormone)/Prolaktin : Proses mengeramTH (Thyrotropic Hormone) : stimulasi glandula tiroidATH (Adrenotropic Hormone) : stimulasi glandula adrenalGPH (Growth Promoting Hormone) : stimulasi proses pertumbuhan bulu2. PPP ( Posterior Pars Pituitary)Oksitosin/Pitosin: Pengaturan proses peneluranVasopresin/Pitesin: Kontraksi saluran darah

3. KELENJAR TIROID Kelenjar thyroid berbentuk bulat kecil, berwarna coklat muda, jumlahnya ada dua buah dan terletak dekat vena jugularis pada batas leherHormon yang dihasilkan yaitu thyroxinTiroksin berfungsi untuk pertumbuhan dan pigmentasi bulu dan kecepatan metabolisme tubuhAda dua senyawa sintetis yang mirip dengan thyroxin, yaitu thyroprotein atau protamon indicated casein. Senyawa ini dapat mempercepat proses metabolisme yang dapat dipengaruhi thyroxin.

4. KELENJAR PARATIROID Kelenjar ini kecil, terletak dekat kelenjar thyroidHormon yang dihasilkan yaitu parathormonFungsi parathormon yaitu mengatur metabolise Ca dan P, untuk mengatur deposisi kalsium pada tulang dan kerabang telur

Kelenjar adrenal atau suprarenalis merupakan bangunan bulat dan kecil, berwarna kekuning-kuningan terletak di bagian dorsal rongga tubuh tepatnya di depan ginjal. Hormon yang dihasilkan adalah hormon adrenalin dan cortinFungsi dari hormon :Adrenalin : berfungsi mengatur tekanan darah. Kelenjar ini juga mempengaruhi aktifitas dari kelenjar sex Cortin : Fasilator konversi protein menjadi KH5. KELENJAR ADRENAL

6. PULAU LANGERHANS Terletak di dalam jaringan kelenjar pancreasPancreas berfungsi sebagai kelenjar endokrin dan sebagai organ asesoris pada sistem digestivusHormon yang dihasilkan adalah hormon insulinFungsi hormon insulin pada aves yaitu untuk metabolisme KH (pengeluaran energi dan cadangan energi), mengatur metabolisme karbohidrat

7. KELENJAR GONAD1. KELENJAR TESTIS

Testis menghasilkan hormon yang bertanggung jawab atas perbedaan sifat antara jantan dan betinaKelenjar testis menghasilkan hormon endrogen dan testosteronHormon testoteon berfungsi menstimulir pertumbuhan comb, pial, bulu (bulu leher, ekor dan punggung) dan meningkatkan sel-sel darah merah pada ayam jantan, sehingga lebih banyak dari pada ayam betina serta memperlancar proses metabolisme menjadi lebih cepat.Hormon endrogen berfungsi untuk perkembangan karakter sekunder, produksi sperma (spermatogenesis) dan tingkah laku reproduksi.

2. KELENJAR OVARIUMOvarium menghasilkan hormon yang membedakan kedua kelamin.Hormon yang dihasilkan ovarium adalah hormon estrogen, progesteron dan androgenFungsi hormon estrogen: Perkembangan karakter sekunder, pigmentasi bulu, perkembangan oviduk dan mengatur keseimbangan PPAFungsi hormon progesteron : Pengaturan oviduk bersama estrogen pada gerak peristaltik dan sekresiFungsi hormon androgen : pertumbuhan comb