SEJARAHARSITEKTURMODERN’ · Gagasan’Desain’ Modern’ Late+Modern’ Postmodern’...
Transcript of SEJARAHARSITEKTURMODERN’ · Gagasan’Desain’ Modern’ Late+Modern’ Postmodern’...
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SEJARAH ARSITEKTUR MODERN
Week 10
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Postmodernism
• Pemutusan hubungan total dari ke-‐modern-‐an? • Koreksi dari aspek-‐aspek tertentu dari ke-‐modern-‐an?
• Bentuk radikal dari ke-‐modern-‐an? • Ke-‐modern-‐an yang sadar diri? • Satu tahap yang belum selesai dari modernism? (Sugiharto, 1996)
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Modernism in Architecture
Modernism : q Ekspresi & teknologi q Kesetaraan sosial Kostof , 1995: • Memenuhi kebutuhan akan rekonstruksi kota, hunian, dan fasilitas lainnya secara cepat
• Konsep kota ideal
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Modernism in Architecture Millais, 2009: • Designing was based on funcUon • DecoraUon was wrong • Previous designs has no value • Roofs should be flat • Walls should be glazed • Inside and outside should be linked or even united • Plan should be flexible • Materials should be ‘honest’ • Structure should be expressed • Modern technology should be implemented
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Modernism in Architecture
• Unite d’HabitaUon, Marseille (1947-‐1952)
www.cronologiadourbanismo.u_a.br
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Modernism in Architecture
• Unite d’HabitaUon, Marseille (1947-‐1952)
www.studyblue.com
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Modernism in Architecture
• City Library, Viipury, Finland by Aalto (1933-‐1935)
www.europeana.eu
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Modernism in Architecture
www.studyblue.com
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Modernism in Architecture
www.themodernist.co.uk
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Univalent Form
Farnsworth House, van der Rohe heps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe
The University of Chicago Social School AdmnistraUon, van der Rohe heps://
ssa.uchicago.edu/architecture
IIT School of Architecture, van der Rohe, www.campusexplorer.com
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Univalent Content
AEG Factory, Behrens www.studyblue.com
Pompidou Centre, Piano & Rogers www.galinsky.com
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Inadvertent Symbolist
Hirshhorn Museum, Washington DC, 1973, Bunshai and SOM
architecture.about.com
Old Age Home, Amsterdam, 1975 by Herman Hertzberger
(Jencks, 1977)
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Isu terkait modernisme
• Mixed-‐use • Walkability • Building ages • Density
Jane Jacobs, 1916-‐2006
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Isu terkait modernisme
• Death of modern architecture July 15, 1972 at 3.32 p.m
en.wikipedia.org
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Modern, Late-‐modern & Post-‐modern
• Modern
• Post-‐modern
• Late-‐modern
(Jencks, 1977 & 1980)
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Modern, Late-‐modern & Post-‐modern
The modes of architectural communicaUon: • Metaphor à asosiasi • Words à elemen • Syntax à komposisi/ susunan • SemanUcs à makna
(Jencks, 1977 & 1980)
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What Modern & Late Modern Architecture have in common?
• Visionary • Newness • Technology
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Modern, Late-‐modern & Post-‐modern
Jencks, 1980: • Ideologis • Langgam • Gagasan Desain
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Ideologis Modern Late-‐Modern Post-‐modern
Utopian, idealist PragmaUc Popular, pluralist
DeterminisUc form, funcUonal
Loose fit SemioUc form
Zeitgeist Late-‐capitalist TradiUons and choice
EliUst/ ‘for everyone’ EliUst-‐professional EliUst and parUcipaUve
WholisUc WholisUc Piecemeal
Architect as saviour/ doctor
Architect provides service Architect as representaUve and acUvist
Sumber: Jencks, Late-‐Modern Architecture, 1980
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Langgam Modern Late-‐Modern Post-‐modern
Straighmorward High-‐tech/ slick-‐tech/ supersensualism Hybrid
Simplicity Ambiguity Complexity
Isotropic space Extreme isotropic space Variable space
Abstract form Sculptural, hyperbolic, enigmaUc form ConvenUonal & abstract form
Purist Extreme repeUUon & purist EclecUc
InarUculate ‘dumb box’ Extreme arUculaUon SemioUc arUculaUon
Machine aestheUc, straighmorward logic, circulaUon, mechanical, technology & structure
2nd machine aestheUc, extreme logic, circulaUon, mechanical, technology & structure
Variable mixed aestheUc depending on context, expression of content and semioUc appropriateness
AnU ornament Structure & ConstrucUon as ornament Proorganic & applied ornament
AnU representaUon Represent logic, circulaUon, mechanical, technology & structure
Pro representaUon
AnU metaphor, anU-‐historical, anU humour, anU-‐symbolic
AnU metaphor, anU-‐historical, unintended humour, unintended symbolic
Pro metaphor, pro-‐historical, pro-‐humour, pro-‐symbolic
Sumber: Jencks, Late-‐Modern Architecture, 1980
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Gagasan Desain Modern Late-‐Modern Post-‐modern
City in park ‘Monuments’ in park Contextual urbanism and rehabilitaUon
FuncUonal separaUon FuncUons within a ’shed’ FuncUonal mixing
‘Skin and bones’ Slick skin, wet look distorUon ‘Mannerist’, ‘Baroque’
Gesamkunstwerk ReducUve, ellipUcal gridism, irraUonal grid
All rhetorical means
‘Volume not mass’ Enclosed skin volumes, mass-‐denied Skew space and extenUons
Slab, point block Extruded building, linearity Street building
Asymmetry and regularity
Tends to symmetry, formal rotaUon, mirroring, series
Tends to assymetrical symetry
Harmonious integraUon
Packaged harmony, forced harmonizaUon
Collage/ collision
Sumber: Jencks, Late-‐Modern Architecture, 1980
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Late-‐Modern Architecture
Sumalyo, 2005: • High-‐tech / Techno-‐aestheUc à sculptural and/or industrial
• Neo-‐vernacular à pola pikir, tata letak, budaya, religi/ kepercayaan, alam
• Modern-‐ historicism à arsitektur klasik, exposed materials
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Thank you