SEJARAH RAKYAT 1946 - 1948

7/28/2019 SEJARAH RAKYAT 1946 - 1948

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BY the beginning of 1946, the British unfoldedthe 2nd stage of their post-war strategy _ theMALAYAN UNION PLAN.

DETAILS of the plan were published in Jan. 1946 afterthe British representative Sir Harold MacMichael hadcoerced the Sultans to surrender their sovereigntyto the British.

OPPOSITION to the PIan also came

Malays - mainly the aristocrats,Sultans

Mg poli*ical ond

econor| ic fufureWoLrld be leoVardrsed

Mn Arislocrat131

STRONG opposition to theMalayan Union Plan came

from aLl quarters becausethe crucial question of'INDEPENDENCET was

conspicuously left outin the Plan.The people also objected

to the separation ofSingapore from Malaya.They saw that citizenshipgranted by the Britishwas only a big farce.

FOR the whole of 1946,there were demonstratlons,strikes and protestrallies against theMalayan Union Plan and

to demand the right for

sel f-determlnation.

from the conservativebureaucrats and the

I didnt knowWha* r srlrrd'But now I wan+rng +hron€ bx-k.

MALAYAN UNIONThe 9 Malag Stalzs * Penonqond Malacca Shotrld be broughtunder +hs, direC* rul1. /of a Bnifish Governorfor greoter e€ficiency

To balance ihe rotio o,FMalags and non-Malags in

Io!"!o, Singapore shEutdbe, tef+ out and remain aAn"h mrtirarg base....

thc.n wa Cdn qmntCifizensh;ps-fonon - Mologs

"o

f:wr

W

'dnd hencegreals? a^dmora eF€ic\en|t

ECONOMTC:;JPLotTAnoN!

Z{}i& s"T;t-t-cominuno I

Polifics

democia*ic

our indispensobiWOrk foTce *

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t#@:*J*E-n -Jx3, i

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7/28/2019 SEJARAH RAKYAT 1946 - 1948


TO draw support, the Malay aristocrats whlpped upcommunal feelings rmorg the Malays.

LJMNO, the Sultans and the British were in close

contact with each other' At the end of the March

Congress, UMNO leaders invited the top Britishofficials to dinner and they toasted" '

AN anti-Malayan Union demonstration attended bylO,OOO people was organised in Kelantan'

. THESE aristocrats and

bureaucrats were now

groomed bY the Britishto be future leaders.Civil servants who were

LJMNO members were

allowed to attend UMNO

meetings on unrecordedleaves. Later, some,

like Tunku Abdul Rahman

and Tun Razakr were given

full pensions when theY

reslgned from the civilservice to lead UMNO.

ON lst APril 1946, SirEdward Gent was installedas the fl.rst Governor of

the MalaYan Union. The

Sultans boYcotted theceremony.

)

Yepsp$

Hee .. Hee " "I+chy..l*chy-- '

Cool nnan cool ..

Yo1u are ajottg good

fetlow, molg.

lt-;?;\ ]-,

What a fool lam.

Whet^e rsevegbodg ??

UIINO (THE UNITED MALAY

NATIONAL ORGANISATION)

was formed 1n March | 461n a Congress attendedby 48 mostly conseryativeMaIay organlsations.

2 \|JrrvrFrrJ:I.r!-

) 7 Angwag+hc.2, aiis+6".rals &

5ul|,469 1,r,rg7qno+ qgains+*he aii+ish.

Is if No-Mu-uM-oN or

r32 t33

7/28/2019 SEJARAH RAKYAT 1946 - 1948


BOTH Gent and thesoon realised thatstarted to bargain

Governor-General Malcolm MacDonaldthe Malayan Union was a flop. Theywith UMNO and the Sultans.

A coalition known as AMCJATzPUTERA (ALL MALAYAN

COUNCIL OF JOINT ACTION/ PUSAT TENAGA RAAYAT) was

formed to fight the Federation of Malaya P1an.

/\(THE AMCJA/PUTERA

consisted of the MNP,

MDU, Clerical Union,Straits Chinese BritishAssoc. , Malayan Indi.anCongress, IndianChamber of Conmerce,Ceylon Tamils Assoc.,S'pore Fed. of TradeUnions, Pan MalayanFed. of Trade Unions,MPAJA Ex-Servi.cesComrades Assoc.,API, AWAS, etc.

\'-ta1I I t,

Wiuo\

TIIE British completely ignoredthe other political and non-political organisations .

IN July '46, a committeeconsisting of 4 Briti.shrepresentatives and 6 Malaycivil servants representingUMNO and the Sultans, was setup to work behind closed doorson a new constitutionalarrangement

for Malaya - theFEDERATION OF MAI.JTYA PLAN.

THE conspiracy when discovered,raised a storm of protests.

AMCJA/PUTERA drafted the "PEOPLE'S CONSTITUTIONALPROPOSALS FOR MALAYA" and laid down the principlesfor a democratic, self-governed, united Malayaincluding Singapore

:.!

(?l/: i:

Fr/< ,(o>s/ l.i.-

NlEqa

r34 IJf

7/28/2019 SEJARAH RAKYAT 1946 - 1948


TrlRoucHour 1947, AMcJA/purERA conducted demonstrations anttneetings across the country and gathered trenendoussupport.The canpaign culminated in a nation-wide 'HARTAL'on 2oth Oct. L947, causing a complete stoppage of alleconomic activities.

BUT instead of backingdown, the Britishescalated theirsuppression on AJIIICJA/

PUTERA.

API was bannedJuly 1947. tn

1a

Hart lni 'HAR1AL'gg work,

ON lst Feb.1948, the FEDERATION

OF MALAYA replaced the MalayanUnion. Edward Gent became itsfirst High Connissioner,exercising dlrect rule overthe central government of theFederation. Singapore was

artificially separated fromMalaya.

OPERATtor't

/ SePARAltoN',

( lrrl

Now lat'sTurn ourottantion to

+ha,

TRADE UNIOUS

t36 L37

7/28/2019 SEJARAH RAKYAT 1946 - 1948


EVEN before the formation of the Federation of Maraya,the British, with the support and collaborati-on of theMalay aristocrats and the Sultans, mounted an all outattack on the General Labour unions in which the cpr,{was actively organising.

Tnooyt.t u,)e,Lz uazd to bneah uyt

LbuLhQ,b and wotttze,nst meetinaS.tlwLon (zadens wQhe tLi.L(-ed.

e.g. Thz Eedc:ng E.tta.tzInc,Ldznt and thz DubUnE-tta.te Incidznt (bctth in Kedahl

Union o[[ic,La.Lt nene banne-d(n-om Uving cluatutetut andL^)oh-Ung yilacz od thain manbafiAbq the "TRESPA&S LA0JI .

Govutnne,nt nedu,szd to nzgiltenthe SITU (singaytone Fedenation

ct{1 Tnade Llyion6).

DESPITE the difficulties and set-back, PMFTU grew toa membership of 262,598 (i.e. 50% of the totalemployed), and controlled about aO% of the trade unionsin the country.

3

Frrs* we willcurb

+refreedorn of

individual unie6

WITH the formation ofment's assault on theferocious.

UNDER the Trade Union Bill,individual unions must be regis-

tered and conply with strictregulations designed to cut thef j.nance and central authority oftheir federations.

THE PMGLU was forced by govern-ment pressure to reconstituteitself to form the pAN IIALAYANFEDERATION OF TRADE UNIONS(PMFTU) conprising of occupat-lonal and craft unions.

BRITISH tradewere appointed

'responsible,welfare'unionschallenge Brit

the Fed. oftrade unions

union advisersto help establish

non-political andwhich would not

ish colonial ru1e.

Malaya,beceme

the govern-even more

1 PctXice Lu,Lv e,i,t LancQ, o {J

uni,on acLLvLtiaa -

2W Govennnewt gave Athongbaclz,(-ng to enyil-oqenr 7obnzatz ulr LbuLheA and dAmi,tt.ttnLhetus.

rJt'

PRosEcuTt

In t94-1 -there were29t mqJor sTrikes

resu(tr1j in *he lossof Gs6o56 ma^-daqs

f 9 +ha- mor'agamedr n!

r39

7/28/2019 SEJARAH RAKYAT 1946 - 1948


MEANWHILE, important changes were taking place sincethe middle of 1947 within the CFM.

Lai Te, the party secretary since 1939, was exposedas a double agent in March Lg47 and expelled. Underthe new leadership of Chen ping, CPM reorganiseditself and re-examined its policies of the past 2fvears .

Expeience provad +ha.l

EmergeHnf;y s -frtr w'lt{}tn?

-HEN a nerf/ wave of strikes broke out in April,zMay 1948,the colonial government passed new legislations tocripple the trade union movement.

ALL the State Federations of Trade Unions and PMFTU

were banned. Within themonths

ofApril and May,

8 workers rvere savagely beaten to death by the Police,24 injured and 73 inprisoned.

THE anti-co1onia1 struggle was threatening Britj.shand American interests and the British were losingcontrol of MaIaya.

ON 16th June'48, the Britin Perak and Johore.

declaTed "EMERGENCY"

ON 18th June, the whole r:ountry cnme under "EMERGENCY"Colonial rule cannol beshaken bg peocefuland open potificafstr'uggla.

Tn fac*+heBritish cotonial;sf hadatwags usQd violqrcelo crush popular wtrU sistonce

5, ) ) \)y

t12.

'rt))'l;#i"?,i;2".7tit:!:: ,Thu CPM \3g:: TgmtgPruparaf;sa]

-ro goundefgiound.

141

SEJARAH RAKYAT 1946 - 1948

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