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Isu-isu moral

SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI

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Thirty years after the first test-tube baby, Nature asks various experts for theirviews on what the next thirty years of reproductive medicine will bring. Some ofthe more startling predictions are:

No more infertility, with both children and 100-year-olds able to have children

Embryos created from stem cells, increasing the ease of embryo research andgenetic engineering of children

with the resulting greater availability of embryos making it easier to createcloned humans

Artificial wombs, enabling babies to develop outside the mothers body

which, some worry, could become compulsory as an alternative to abortion, orto avoid premature birth or fetal alcohol syndrome

Genetic cassettes implanted in embryos to counteract the effects of inherited

diseases Increase in litigation following evidence that IVF babies may later suffer adverse

effects from the environment in which they were grown as embryos

http://www.practicalethicsnews.com/practicalethics/cloning/

http://www.nature.com/news/2008/080716/full/454260a.htmlhttp://www.nature.com/news/2008/080716/full/454260a.html

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Cloning and animal exploitation

The Daily Mail reports this morning that 8 clone-offspringcows have been born in the UK. Also today, the first survey ofpublic opinion on clone farming has been released indicating

significant unease and opposition to the idea of meat productsor milk from cloned sources.

There are strict prohibitions on reproductive cloning forhumans in most countries (for example, the recently debatedHFEA bill in the UK, and the Human reproductive CloningAct 2001). However there are few, if any, constraints on thecloning of animals. Is this the start of a new era of animalexploitation?

Continue reading "Cloning and animal exploitation"http://www.practicalethicsnews.com/practicalethics/cloning/

http://www.practicalethicsnews.com/practicalethics/2008/06/cloning-and-ani.htmlhttp://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1024578/Clone-farm-cows-born-Britain-How-long-meat-milk-sale-shops.htmlhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2008/jun/06/foodtech.foodhttp://www.practicalethicsnews.com/practicalethics/2008/05/hfea-and-regula.htmlhttp://www.practicalethicsnews.com/practicalethics/2008/06/cloning-and-ani.htmlhttp://www.practicalethicsnews.com/practicalethics/2008/06/cloning-and-ani.htmlhttp://www.practicalethicsnews.com/practicalethics/2008/06/cloning-and-ani.htmlhttp://www.practicalethicsnews.com/practicalethics/2008/06/cloning-and-ani.htmlhttp://www.practicalethicsnews.com/practicalethics/2008/05/hfea-and-regula.htmlhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2008/jun/06/foodtech.foodhttp://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1024578/Clone-farm-cows-born-Britain-How-long-meat-milk-sale-shops.htmlhttp://www.practicalethicsnews.com/practicalethics/2008/06/cloning-and-ani.html

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Isu etika dalam sains dan

teknologi

Sains adalah mendapat pengetahuan

Teknologi adalah cara sistematik untuk mencapai

tujuan atau matlamat manusia

Kedua-duanya baik

Masalah etika timbul apabila menggunakan teknologi

dan sains

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Isu etika dalam sains dan

teknologi

Penyelidikan sains menggunakan manusia

Kumpulan kawalan

Kumpulan treatmen

Beritahu kepada yang terlibat

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Isu etika

Patutkah memberitahu pihak yang terlibat

Jujur tak dalam menjalankan kajian saintifik?

Kemudaratan dan faedah berkait dengan penggunaan

teknologi?

Kebebasan

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Contoh isu etika

Reproduction and genetic technologies

Reproduction

Control conception, pregnancy and birth

Test-tube babies Cloning human beings

The use of surrogate mother

Genetics

Human Genome Project Detect diseases that are caused by genetics

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Contoh isu etika

Privacy, databases and screening procedures

Privacy of medical records

The value of privacy

Autonomy

Feelings

Relationship

Avoid harming oneself

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Contoh isu etika

Privacy, databases and screening procedures

Screening and drug

Employer to test for drug free employees The interest of one side must outweigh the interest of the other side

Consequentalistsmandatory testing would really produce more

harm than good or more good than harm

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Contoh isu etika

Risk and value of life

To determine whether a certain risk is acceptable some

people have urged us to use a willingness- to-pay

criterion

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Isu-isu etika dalam Human

Cloning

Potential for physical harms

Psychological harm

Possible loss of a sense of uniqueness

Issues of identity and individuality

Is there a moral human right to a unique identity?

Lack of independence

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Ethics of rights and personal autonomy versus

principles of equality, benevolence