RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE MESIN PLOTTER X-Y BERBASIS ...

18
i RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE MESIN PLOTTER X-Y BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLLER TUGAS AKHIR OLEH ZUROIZU FAUZUL ARIFIN 201610120311158 JURUSAN TEKNIK MESIN FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG 2020

Transcript of RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE MESIN PLOTTER X-Y BERBASIS ...

Page 1: RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE MESIN PLOTTER X-Y BERBASIS ...

i

RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE MESIN

PLOTTER X-Y

BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLLER

TUGAS AKHIR

OLEH

ZUROIZU FAUZUL ARIFIN

201610120311158

JURUSAN TEKNIK MESIN

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2020

Page 2: RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE MESIN PLOTTER X-Y BERBASIS ...

ii

Page 3: RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE MESIN PLOTTER X-Y BERBASIS ...

iii

Page 4: RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE MESIN PLOTTER X-Y BERBASIS ...

iv

Page 5: RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE MESIN PLOTTER X-Y BERBASIS ...

v

Page 6: RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE MESIN PLOTTER X-Y BERBASIS ...

vi

Page 7: RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE MESIN PLOTTER X-Y BERBASIS ...

vii

Page 8: RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE MESIN PLOTTER X-Y BERBASIS ...

viii

ABSTRAK

Kemajuan teknologi Di Indonesia saat ini berkembang pesat dan telah

memberikan dampak positif diberbagai bidang. Pada zaman ini kita sering

mendengar berbagai mesin yang diciptakan untuk mempermudah suatu pekerjaan.

Salah satunya mesin plotter x-y dengan teknologi Numeric Control (NC)

didalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatasi masalah kesenjangan

teknologi yang ada di UMKM yang dikarenakan keterbatasan biaya untuk

pengadaan alat bantu pekerjaan. Oleh karena itu, saya akan merancang bangun

mesin plotter x-y berbasis mikrokontroller dengan biaya seminim mungkin.

Metode perancangan yang digunakan adalah metode perancangan konsep

produk menurut Pahl dan Bietz. Mesin yang akan dirancang dan dibangun

berbentuk prototype serta akan diujikan keakurasiannya dengan membandingkan

gambar program dengan hasil plott mesin. Gambar yang diujikan berupa garis

horisontal, lingkaran, gambar berbentuk mawar dengan objek kesil serta gambar

berbentuk grafity.

Hasil pengujian prototype mesin plotter x-y menunjukan bahwa mesin ini

sudah layak jika digunakan sebagai design grafis dengan tingkat akurasi yang tinggi

serta hasil gambar plott yang presisi dan mampu membaca objek yang sangat kecil

(detail dalam membaca gambar program) serta mudah dalam pengoprasianya. Dari

rancang bangun prototype mesin plotter x-y ini mesin bisa dikembangkan ke tahap

selanjutnya sesuai dengan road maps penelitian ini.

Kata Kunci: Numeric Control, prototype mesin plotter x-y, design grafis, akurasi

Page 9: RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE MESIN PLOTTER X-Y BERBASIS ...

ix

ABSTRACT

Technological advances in Indonesia are currently growing rapidly and have

had a positive impact in various fields. In this day and age we often hear of various

machines created to make a job easier. One of them is the x-y plotter machine with

Numeric Control (NC) technology in it. This study aims to address the technology

gap problem that exists in MSMEs due to limited costs for the procurement of work

aids. Therefore, I will design a microcontroller-based x-y plotter machine with the

least possible cost.

The design method used is the product concept design method according to

Pahl and Bietz. The machine to be designed and built is in the form of a prototype

and its accuracy will be tested by comparing the program image with the engine

plot results. Images tested are in the form of horizontal lines, circles, rose-shaped

images with small objects and graphical images.

The test results of the x-y plotter machine prototype show that this machine

is feasible if it is used as a graphic design with a high degree of accuracy and the

results of the plotted are precise and can read very small objects (details in reading

program images) and are easy to operate. From the design of the x-y plotter machine

prototype, the machine can be developed to the next stage according to the road

maps of this study.

Keywords: Numeric Control, x-y plotter machine prototype, graphic design,

accuracy

Page 10: RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE MESIN PLOTTER X-Y BERBASIS ...

x

Page 11: RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE MESIN PLOTTER X-Y BERBASIS ...

xi

DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR JUDUL............................................................................................... i

POSTER ............................................................................................................ ii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ............................................................................... iii

LEMBAR KONSULTASI / ASISTENSI ......................................................... iv

LEMBAR KONSULTASI / ASISTENSI .......................................................... v

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN .............................................................................. vi

LEMBAR HASIL DETEKSI PLAGIASI SKRIPSI MAHASISWA ............. vii

ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................... viii

ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... ix

KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................ x

DAFTAR ISI ..................................................................................................... xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................... xiii

DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................... xiv

DAFTAR PERSAMAAN ................................................................................. xv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang....................................................................................... 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah .................................................................................. 3

1.3 Tujuan Perancangan ............................................................................... 3

1.4 Manfaat Perancangan ............................................................................. 3

1.5 Batasan Masalah .................................................................................... 4

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ........................................................................ 5

2.1 Sejarah Perkembangan Mesin Numeric Control (NC) ............................ 5

2.2 Prinsip Dasar Mesin Plotter ................................................................... 5

2.3 Sistem Kontrol ....................................................................................... 7

2.3.1 Loop Terbuka ................................................................................. 9

2.3.2 Loop Tertutup ............................................................................... 10

2.4 Sistem Kendali Mesin Plotter .............................................................. 13

2.4.1 Board Kontrol Arduino ................................................................. 13

2.4.2 Breakout Board (BOB) Pengendali ............................................... 14

Page 12: RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE MESIN PLOTTER X-Y BERBASIS ...

xii

2.5 Sistem Penggerak ................................................................................ 15

2.5.1 Motor Stepper Unipolar ................................................................ 16

2.5.2 Motor Stepper Bipolar .................................................................. 17

BAB III METODE PERANCANGAN ............................................................ 19

3.1 Metode Pahl and Beitz ......................................................................... 19

3.2 Perancangan Konsep Produk ................................................................ 20

3.3 Daftar Persyaratan ............................................................................... 20

3.4 Mengidentifikasi Masalah Masalah Penting ......................................... 22

3.5 Menentukan Struktur Fungsi ................................................................ 23

3.6 Prinsip Kerja mesin Plotter X-Y ........................................................... 24

3.7 Varian bentuk konsep produk............................................................... 27

3.8 Evaluasi Terhadap Kriteria Teknis dan Ekonomis (Matrik Morfologi) . 29

3.9 Konsep produk (solusi) ........................................................................ 37

BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN........................................................... 39

4.1 Hasil Perhitungan ................................................................................ 39

4.1.1 Step atau langkah .......................................................................... 39

4.1.2 Perhitungan Kontruksii ................................................................. 40

4.2 Pengujian dan Analisa.......................................................................... 43

4.4 Pengujian Titik Awal Terhadap Jarak yang Dituju Pada Sumbu X ....... 45

4.5 Pengujian Prototype Mesin Plotter X,Y dengan Vektor Lingkaran ........ 47

4.6 Pengujian prototype mesin plotter dengan vektor object gambar bunga

mawar .................................................................................................. 50

4.7 Pengujian prototype mesin plotter dengan vektor object gambar logo

band rock White Snake ........................................................................ 51

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................ 53

5.1 Kesimpulan.......................................................................................... 53

5.2 Saran ................................................................................................... 53

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................... 54

LAMPIRAN

Page 13: RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE MESIN PLOTTER X-Y BERBASIS ...

xiii

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1.1 Road map penelitian mesin plotter x-y .............................................. 2

Gambar 2.1 Prototype Mesin Plotter x-y .............................................................. 6

Gambar 2.2 Sitem kontrol .................................................................................... 8

Gambar 2.3 Sistem kontrol loop terbuka .............................................................. 9

Gambar 2.4 Sistem kontrol loop tertutup ............................................................ 10

Gambar 2.5 Board Arduino ................................................................................ 14

Gambar 2.6 Breakout Board ............................................................................... 15

Gambar 2.7 Motor Stepper unipolar ................................................................... 17

Gambar 2.8 Motor Stepper Bipolar .................................................................... 18

Gambar 3.1 Diagram alir konseptual perancangan menurut Pahl and Beitz ........ 20

Gambar 3.2 Diagram Blok Fungsi Keseluruhan ................................................. 23

Gambar 3.3 Diagram blok fungsi prinsip kerja mesin plotter x-y ........................ 24

Gambar 3.4 Diagram blok sub-fungsi prinsip kerja mesin plotter x-y ................. 26

Gambar 3.5 Konsep produk (A) ......................................................................... 27

Gambar 3.6 Konsep produk (B) ......................................................................... 28

Gambar 3.7 Konsep produk (A) ......................................................................... 37

Gambar 4.5.1 Perancangan batang ..................................................................... 40

Gambar 4.1 Pengujian titik awal terhadap jarak yang dituju pada sumbu X ........ 45

Gambar 4.2 Proses pengujian dengan vektor lingkaran ....................................... 48

Gambar 4.3 Gambar vektor bunga mawar .......................................................... 51

Gambar 4.4 Pengujian mesin dengan vektor bunga mawar ................................. 51

Gambar 4.5 Logo band Whaite Snack ................................................................ 52

Gambar 4.7 Hasil gambar 2D logo band White Snack ........................................ 52

Page 14: RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE MESIN PLOTTER X-Y BERBASIS ...

xiv

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 3.1 Daftar tuntutan perancangan prototype mesin plotter x-y ................... 21

Tabel 3.2 Analisa morfologi prototype mesin plotter x-y .................................... 30

Tabel 4.1 Hasil pengujian titik awal terhadap jarak yang dituju pada sumbu X ... 46

Tabel 4.2 perhitungan akurasi garis linier pada sumbu x..................................... 47

Tabel 4.3 Hasil pengujian prototype mesin plotter x-y dengan vektor lingkaran . 49

Page 15: RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE MESIN PLOTTER X-Y BERBASIS ...

xv

DAFTAR PERSAMAAN

Persamaan banyaknya langkah 1 putaran penuh ................................................. 16

Persamaan jarak yang ditempuh untuk 1 langkah ............................................... 16

Persamaan waktu untuk menggerakkan motor 1 putaran .................................... 16

Persamaan tegangan lentur ijin sebesar .............................................................. 41

Persamaan berat batang penumpu sebesar .......................................................... 41

Persamaan tinjauan lendutan .............................................................................. 41

Persamaan tegangan lentur ijin sebesar .............................................................. 42

Persamaan berat batang penumpu sebesar .......................................................... 42

Persamaan tinjauan lendutani ............................................................................. 42

Persamaan akurasi.............................................................................................. 47

Persamaan roundness ......................................................................................... 48

Page 16: RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE MESIN PLOTTER X-Y BERBASIS ...

55

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

[1] Ramadhan Ali, “RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM KENDALI MOTOR

STEPPER PADA PROTOTYPE MESIN PLOTTER SEDERHANA

UNTUK MEMBUAT POLA 2 DIMENSI,” 2020.

[2] W. M. Ng and R. Hamzah, “Design and Development of XY Plotter

Mechanical System Design PART 2,” no. January, 2016, doi:

10.13140/RG.2.1.3255.8167.

[3] A. I. Nsayef and A. L. Mahmood, “Microcontroller – Based Plotter

Machine,” Al-Nahrain J. Eng. Sci., vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 350–355, 2018, doi:

10.29194/njes.21030350.

[4] H. S. Rahman, I. F. Rahmad, and A. Saleh, “Perancangan Mesin Cnc (

Computer Numericaly Control ) Mini Plotter Berbasis Arduino of the

Machine Cnc ( Computer Numericaly Control ) Mini Plotter Based,” IT J.,

vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 152–161, 2017.

[5] M. T. Kyu, W. W. Htun, and B. O. B. C. A. D. Cnc, “Design and

Implementation of XY-Plotter,” vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 507–511, 2018.

[6] A. Aziz, “Penalaan PID Menggunakan Internal Model Controller dengan

Pendekatan Model Tustin,” J. Chem. Inf. Model., vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 1689–

1699, 2019.

[7] W. Bolton, Controllers, Progammable Logic, 4th ed. 2006.

[8] Budiono, Sistem Instrumentasi dan Sistem Kontrol. Malang: 2006.

[9] D. Kuncoro, “PERANCANGAN SISTEM MEKANIK PENGGERAK

SUMBU PADA MODIFIKASI MESIN BUBUT KONVENSIONAL

MENJADI MESIN BUBUT CNC,” 2015.

[10] cnccookbook.com, “CNC Breakout Boards,”

www.cnccookbook.com. https://www. ccoocnkbook.com/cnc-breakout-

boards/ (accessed Mar. 05, 2020).

Page 17: RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE MESIN PLOTTER X-Y BERBASIS ...

56

[11] Suprianto, “JENIS-JENIS MOTOR STEPPER,” wordprass.com.

http://blog.unnes.ac.id/antosupri/jenis-jenis-motor-stepper/ (accessed Mar.

05, 2020).

[12] K.-H. GerhardPahl, WolfgangBeitz, JörgFeldhusen, Engineering Desaign :

A Systematic Approach Third Edition, 3rd ed. germany, 1997.

Page 18: RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE MESIN PLOTTER X-Y BERBASIS ...