8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

1/54

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

2/54

Pen ertian asam amino

Macammacam asam amino

Pengertian polipeptida

, , ,protein

ikatan dan interaksi untuk eli atan dan stabilitasprotein

Klasifikasi protein

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

3/54

Proteinmerupakan polimer as.aminoaminoacid

asam aminoyangberbeda.

containanaminogroup(NH2)andanacidic

Sruktur AA:

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

4/54

theRgroup

classesberdasarkan Rgroupnya :

1. AA Non olar contoh leucine u us R berisi:CH2orCH3.

2.Polar unchar edamino acids such asthreonine,haveRgroupsthatcontainoxygen(orOH).

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

5/54

Char edaminoacids suchas lutamic acid haveR

groupsthatcontainacidsorbasesthatcanionize. Aromaticaminoacids,suchasphenylalanine,haveR

groups a con a nanorgan c car on r ngw alternatingsingleanddoublebonds.

Properties.Someexamplesaremethionine,whichisoftenthefirstaminoacidinachainofaminoacids;

, ; ,whichlinkschainstogether

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

6/54

amino(NH3+)dan ggs negatif karboksil (COO).

dehidrasi ggs karboksil dan ggs amino

membentukikatan e tida.

Ikatan peptida berulang membentuk polipeptida,

Polipeptida mempunyai ggs aminoamino bebas

terminus)

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

7/54

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

8/54

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

9/54

4levelstruktur protein:primary,secon ary,tertiary,an quaternary

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

10/54

5faktor kritikal untuk folding

andstabilityprotein

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

11/54

y rogen on s Ikatan hidro en ada :withina ol e tideand

betweenpolypeptides .

dan stabilitas protein

: , , .

helix

Hbond on

p eate

sheet

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

12/54

Ionicbondsandotherpolarinteractions

yangbermuatan positif dan negatif

samping polar tdbermuatan dgasam amino

Ik ionik dan interaksi polar

TUdijumpai pdstruk.Ter.&kwart.

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

13/54

disisi luar proteindan berinteraksi dgair,

acidchain)berkelompok di interiorprotein.

hidrofobik

penting pdstruk ter.

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

14/54

Tarik menarik vander Waalsadalah tarikan lemah

antara atomkarena perbedaan polarisasi awanelektron yangberlawanan

Tarik Tarik menarik vander Waalsuntuk menstabilkanstruk Ter.

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

15/54

Disul idebrid es Jembatan disulfida (SS)terbentuk dari

AAsistein lainnya

Ikatan disulfida adalah ikatan kovalen yg

terjadi dalam satu polipeptida atau antarapo ipeti a yang e r e a

.

ikatan disulfida untuk

struk tersier protein

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

16/54

Struktur karakteristik tambahan :motifdan

omain

Dari enemuan struktur 3dimensi rotein,

teramati adanya simililaritas dan dissimilaritas Similiritas struktur dinamakan motif atau

.

Motifyangumum ditemui :

.

b. barrel(isa sheetfoldedaroundtoformatube)

c.helixturnhelix(consistsoftwo helicesseparatedbyabend)

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

17/54

Lanjtn motifdan domain Domainsofproteinsarefunctionalunits

w t na argerstructure

Domaincanbethoughtofassubstructure

withinthetertiarystructureofaprotein

Analo i dalam bahasa rotein:

Asam amino huruf

domain paragraf

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

18/54

lanjt

barrel

motif

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

19/54

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

20/54

Contoh proteinserat,globular,dan

interaksi dalam proteinInteraksi hidrofobik

dan interaksi vander

Waals

pung

gung

kolagen hemoglobin

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

21/54

yangmembantu pelipatan molekul protein

dari pengaruh buruk sitoplasma

Chaperonin (contproteinchaperon)

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

22/54

Secara alamiah protein melipat normaldalam sel

Kondisi fisik dan kimia

lingkungan dapat

,

misal suhu,kadar garam,pH

dsb

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

23/54

*fungsi

omposisi

*kelarutan

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

24/54

Klasifikasi proteinberdasarkanfungsi

Function Classof Examples ExamplesofEnzyme Enzymes Glycosidases Cleave

Proteases Breakdown

Polymerases Synthesize

Kinases Phosphorylate

su ars and

proteins

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

25/54

Lanjt.fungsiFunction Classof

Protein Example

ExamplesofUses

Support fibers Collagen Formscartilage

Keratin Formshair,nails,horn

Fibrin Formsbloodclots

silk ininsectcocoonand

s idersweb

elastin resumeskinshapeafter

stretchingor

Contracting

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

26/54

Lanjt.fungsi

Protein

Use

Motion con Muscle Actin Contractionof

tractile musclefibers

M osin Contractionofmusclefibers

Regulation Osmotic Serum Maintains

proteins albumin osmoticconcentration

o oo

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

27/54

Lanjt.fungsi

Function Classof Examples ExamplesofUseLanjutan Regulation

regulators Repressor

transcription

glucoselevels

Vaso ressin Increases water

retentionbykidneys

Oxytocin Regulatesuterine

contractionsand

milkproduction

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

28/54

Lajtn klasifikasi fungsi

Function ClassofProtein

Examples ExamplesofUse

Transport Circulating

transporters

Hemoglobin CarriesO2andCO2inblood

CO2inmuscle

Cytochromes Electrontransport

Membrane

transporters

Sodium

potassium

Excitable

membranes

pumpProtonpump Chemiosmosis

ucose

transporter

Transportsg ucose

intocells

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

29/54

Lajtn klasifikasi fungsi

Function ClassofProtein

Examples ExamplesofUse

Storage Ionbinding Ferritin Storesiron,especiallyin

spleen

Casein Storesionsinmilk

Calmodulin Bindscalcium

ions

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

30/54

Protein

Use

Defense Immuno lo Antibodies Markforei n

bulins proteinsfor

eliminationToxins Snakevenom Blocksnerve

function

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

31/54

Lan utan klasifikasi berdasarkan fun siFunction Classof Examples ExamplesofUseStorage Ionbinding Ferritin Storesiron,

spleen

Calmodulin Bindscalciumions

Protein

compositeGluten,gliadin giveselasticityto

dough,helpingitto

shape

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

32/54

Klasifikasi bedasarkankomposisi

Classification example

lipoprotein Proteincontaininglipidsuchasthelipoproteinofbloodserum

Glycoprotein&

proteoglycan

Proteinwithcovalentlyattached

oligosaccharidechain

Mostproteinareg ycoproteins,exception

areinsulinandserumalbumin.Many

connectivetissueproteinhave covalenly

attachedpolysaccaride chains.Glycoproteinattachedtoprotein(glycogenin)

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

33/54

Lanjt kkomposisi

Classification example

Nucleoprotein Proteinnoncovalentlybound toDNA.

oun nc romosome v ruspart c e

Haemprotein Proteincontaininganorganicmolecule

haemoglobin,myoglobin,and

cytochrom

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

34/54

Klasifikasi berdasarkansolubility

Classification example

so u i ity

Globularprotein WatersolublebecausetheRgroups

o am noac ont e rsur aceare

polar

y , u g y

enzyme,areglobularprotein.Serum

protein.

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

35/54

lanjt

Classification example

Membraneprotein Membraneproteinhavedomainthat

are exposeontheinnerorouterside(orboth)ofmembranebutalsohave

hydrophobicregionthatspanthe

phospholipid bilayer. Membrane

waterbutmaybeextractedby

deter enttoformmicelles

Fibrousprotein Thesehighmolecular weightprotein

keratin silk colla enandelastin are

insolubleinwater

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

36/54

Contoh bentuk yangtersupport

proteinserabut

a i rin:scanninge ectronmicrographofabloodclot(b)keratin:apeacockfeather(c)silk:aspidersweb(d)keratin:humanhair. a

b dc

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

37/54

memprogram

Gene

DNA

As.nukleatGula fosfatbasanitrogen

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

38/54

Aliran informasi genetik :DNA>RNA>

protein

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

39/54

Struktur nukleotida

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

40/54

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

41/54

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

42/54

DNA:T RNA:U

RNAtersusun atas

satu benang

CGADNAtersusun atas

dua benang

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

43/54

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

44/54

Bentuk satu benang DNA

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

45/54

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

46/54

Adenosinetriphosphate(ATP) mata uang energi

S l i d

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

47/54

Senyawa lainyg mengandung

nukleotida

+

Flavin adeninedinucleotide (FAD)

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

48/54

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

49/54

Flavin adeninedinucleotide

(FAD)

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

50/54

C t h AA l

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

51/54

Contoh AAnonpolar

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

52/54

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

53/54

8/14/2019 Protein dan asam nukleat-1.pdf

54/54

Nonpolarpolar