Proggrammable Logic Controller -...
Transcript of Proggrammable Logic Controller -...
Aplikasi PLC - 02 1
AplikasiProggrammable Logic Controller
Sensor dan Aktuator
Ir. Jos Pramudijanto, M.Eng.Jurusan Teknik Elektro FTI ITS
Telp. 5947302 Fax.5931237Email: [email protected]
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Objektif:Pengertian Sensor dan AktuatorSensors:
Position sensorsVelocity sensorsAcceleration sensorsTemperature sensorsForce sensorsPressure sensorsLight sensors
ActuatorsMotorRelayAktuator Hidrolik
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Pengertian Sensors dan Aktuator
Sensor - an electronic transducer that converts some physical quantity into an electrical quantity
Aktuator - an electronic transducer that converts electrical energy into a physical quantity.
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Position SensorsPotentiometer (rotary and linear)
Proximity switch (mechanical)
Piezo-ceramic, piezo-resistiveLVDT
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Increment EncoderGenerally Have two picks up that are 90 degrees out of Phase (A and B) This allows you to determine the direction of rotation and thus count up or downBy using the rising and falling edges of both A and B we can get 4 times the number of slots.May have one or more index marks for homing.
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Absolute EncoderGray Code Vs BinaryGray Code only changes by one bit per transition.At least one sensor per track.
0111
01 00
0111
00 10
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Velocity SensorsAccelerometer (piezo-electric)
Optical Encoder –absolute or incremental position, direction
Tachometer – shaft velocity, typically a PM DC motor
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Tachogenerator
Sensor ini konstruksinya mirip motor DC magnet permanen.Tegangan keluaran yang dihasilkan berupa tegangan DC.
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Acceleration sensors
Accelerometers measure acceleration, vibration and shock measurementsTypical device:outputs from 100m to 2.5V/g.
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Types of Strain Gages
Rosette GagesSingle Element
*Apply set of equations to determine coordinate stress components.
Rata-rata stress pada luasan gage. Ukuran gage sangat penting!
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What are thermocouples?Thermocouples operate under the principle that a circuit made by connecting two dissimilar metals produces a measurable voltage (emf-electromotive force) when the two ends of the thermocouple circuit are at different temperatures.
They are inexpensive, small in size, rugged and remarkably accurate when used with an understanding of their peculiarities.
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Bahan Material Thermocouple
Chromel - Constantan (E Curve)Iron - Constantan (J Curve)Chromel - Alumel (K Curve)Platinum+Rhodium 13% - Platinum (R Curve)Platinum+Rhodium 10% - Platinum (S Curve)Copper - Constantan (T Curve)Tungsten - Rhenium (C Curve)
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Thermocouple Material Vs EMFTypes T, J, and K are most commonly used thermocouples.
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RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector)Bekerja berdasarkan perubahan resistansi logam karena perubahan temperaturBerbagai logam yang sering digunakan untuk RTD
platina (linier, sangat mahal, umum dipakai)Nikel (range temperatur lebih rendah, lebih murah, nonlinier) Nickle alloys (range temperatur lebih rendah, lebih murah)Tembaga (range temperatur lebih rendah)
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Thermistor
−
= oT1
T1β
oeRR
constant material = βre temperatumeasured = T
Tat measured resistance reference = Rwhere
oo
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Non-Contact SensorsUltrasonic
OpticalMagnetic (Inductive, Reed, Hall Effect)Laser vibrometer, interferometerCapacitiveEddy current
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AktuatorDriver Amplifier
Silinder Hidrolik
Selenoid Hidrolik
Selenoides
q-inq-out q-out
x
ko
q-inq-out q-out
k1
mL
BL Vo
Z
A2P2
A1P1
Y
Distribut ion Valve