COST QUALITY

Time-to-

market

Customer satisfact

ion

Competitive

advantage

Trend berkembang mengenai desain produk dan jasa

Kepuasan Pelanggan

Singkat saat dijelaskan

Produksi Instan

Meningkatkan kemampuan organisasi

Ramah Lingkungan

user friendly

raw-material

Ekonomik

Kondisi Sosial dan demografi

Politik, hutang/pertanggung jawaban, atau legalitas

Siklus (life cycle)

Persaingan

Biaya dan ketersediaan

Perkembangan teknologi

Why we need to design?

Legalitas• pertanggung Jawaban Produk• Keseragaman kode komersil

Etika• Mengeluarkan produk yang bebas kerusakan

Masalah lingkungan• Environmental Protection Agency (USA)

Legalitas, Etika, dan masalah lingkungan

Kewajiban Produk,

suatu perusahaan/pabrik wajib bertanggung jawab atas segala kerusakan yang disebakan oleh kesalahan produknya

Uniform Commercia

l Code,

Suatu product yang akan dipasarkan wajib diuji oleh badan pemerintah dan mendapatkan izin untuk dapat di perjual-belikan

Aturan-aturan & dan Pertimbangan Legal

• Life Cycles of Products or Services

Time

Incubation

Growth

Maturity

Saturation

Decline

Dem

an

d

Degree of newness

Modifikasi

Ekspansi

Klon

baru

NDP(New Product Development) Process

Pemaparan Ide

Analisa Kelayakan

Product Spesifikasi

Process Spesification

Prototype development

Design Review

Market test

Product introduction and Follow up

Sumber Ide-ide untuk design product & jasa

Internal

Karyawan

Marketing department

R&D department

External

Konsumen

Competitors

Suppliers

StandarisasiHal yang dibutuhkan dalam perancangan

produk dan jasa

Keunggulan standarisasi

Hanya berurusan dengan beberapa bagian dalam inventory & Manufaktur

Mengurangi biaya & waktu untuk pelatihan

Lebih rutin dalam hal purchasing, penanganan,

dan prosedur inspeksi

Order dapat diisi(diambil) dari inventori

Peluang untuk produksi jangka panjang dan

automatisasi

Hanya memerlukan beberapa bagian untuk

menyeimbangkan peningkatan pembelanjaan

dalam penyempurnaan desain dan peningkatan prosedur dalam quality

control

Kelemahan standarisasi

Designs may be frozen with too

many imperfections

remaining.

High cost of design changes

increases resistance to

improvements.

Decreased variety results

in less consumer appeal.

Mass Customization

Delayed differentiation

Modular design (penggunan modul2 dalam prosedur desain)

Suatu strategi sandarisasi dalam memproduksi barang dan jasa, tetapi dengan menggabungkan beberapa tingkatan kustomisasi

Desain produk

Design for manufacturing

(DFM)

Design for assembly

(DFA)

Design for recycling

(DFR)

Remanufacturing

Design for disassembly

(DFD)Robust design

DFM - (Designing for Manufacturing)Setiap desainer harus mempertimbangkan kemampuan pabrik dalam memproduksi produk yang mereka rancang

“The more general term design for operations encompasses services as well as manufacturing”

Reverse Engineeringdismantling and inspecting of a competitor’s product to discover product improvements.

Concurrent Engineering

is the bringing together of engineering design and manufacturing personnel early in the design phase.

ManufacturabilityManufacturability is the ease of fabrication and/or assembly which is important for:• Cost• Productivity• Quality

CAD (computer-aided design)

• increases productivity of designers, 3 to 10 times

• creates a database for manufacturing information on product specifications

• provides possibility of engineering and cost analysis on proposed designs

RecyclingRecycling: recovering materials for future useRecycling reasons

Cost savingsEnvironment concernsEnvironment regulations

Robust designDesign that results in products or services that can function over a broad range of conditions

Characteristic of Good Design

• Fit for purpose• Reliable• Pleasing

Appearance• Easy to use• Convenient for user• Efficient in use• Easy to maintain

• Safe to use• Safe to manufacture• Financially Viable• Legal• Environment

Friendly• Consistent with the

needs of the market

Product Service

Tangible Intangible

Created and delivered at different time

created and delivered at the same time

Inventoriable Cannot be inventoried

Cannot be Judge easily Highly Visible to Customer

High Barrier to Entry Low Barrier to entry

Not depend on location Location is important

• Source– Stevenson, W., Operations Management,

11thed.– Google