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PRACTICES FROM BANDUNG, GARUT AND TASIKMALAYA MUNICIPAL– WEST JAVA PROVINCE—INDONESIA

2013

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TABLE OF CONTENT

No CONTENT Pages

TABLE OF CONTENT 2

TERMS AND DEFINITION LIST 3

I INTRODUCTION 4

II SCOPE AND STAGES OF SOCIAL AUDIT 6

III METHOD AND TECHNIQUES 7

IV FINDINGS 8

V COMMUNITY PRACTICES 9

VI CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 10

VII LESSON LEARNT 11

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TERMS AND DEFINITION LIST APBD : Local government budget: drafted by local governments and adopted by a “perda” fol-

lowing debate and agreement within distirct Parliamen

Auditing A systematic process to obtain and assess the evidence objectively, relating to the state-

ment about action or events ant the existence, for determining correspondence betwenn

the statement with the established criteria and to communicate the result to the interested

stakeholders.

BUPATI : Local Government Head Leader

CSO : Community Society Organization

CRC : Citizen Report Card

DESA : Village

DINAS : Sub-Provincial Government managemen agency or unit

Dinas Cipta Kar-

ya (DCK)

: Local Goverment Agency of Housing, Planning and Urban development. (Non-PDAM)

DAK : Special Budget Allocation

DPRD : Regional representative assembly (or local legislative assembly: a body of people’s repre-

sentatives (elected for 5 years) in provinces, kabupatens and cities.

Kabupaten/kota : District/ Municipal

Kecamatan : Sub-district/Sub- Municipal

PDAM : Local Water Supply Utility ( Local Government Owned Company)

PETS : Public Expenditure Tracking Survey

Social Audit The monitoring, assesment and measurement tools to to assess the organizational soscial

performance achievement accordance to the social matters.

SPAM : Is an integrated water supply system of physical and non-phisycal techniques of infra-

structure and facilities for drinking /clean water which distributed the water through piping

directly into the house or public hydrant as the services unit.

SPAM-BJP : Is an integrated water supply system of physical and non-phisycal techniques of infra-

structure and facilities for drinking /clean water which for individual uses, communal needs

with or without the limited piped, simple and not included in SPAM

Object Of Audit Cover all activities of the organization or institution, started in planning, implementation

and post-implementation untill the final accountability report in the last of the program/

activity was ended by the organization.

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BACKGROUND

Water is a basic human need that is closely associated with health problems. In develop-ing countries, about 80 percent of the health problems caused by inadequate water supply (Jacobson, Mary, et al, 2010). The govern-ment is responsible to supply water as one of the service which is the right of each citizen. However, until now clean water continues to be a major problem in many countries and by 2010 about 20 percent of the world's popula-tion (1.2 billion people) do not have access to clean water (Jacobson, Mary, et al, 2010), particularly the developing countries, including Indonesia.

The Indonesian government has guaranteed the right of every person to get water for the minimum basic needs of their daily life in order to fulfill a healthy, clean and productive life, and also use as much as possible for the prosperity of the people that are affirmed in the Law (UU) 7 of 2004 on Water Resources. Water resource management efforts become the part of government’s role in organizing, directing and supervising the utilization of wa-ter equally and fairly for the citizens.

West Java with a population of 45 million people, as many as 41.66% of households use safe drinking water, of which earlier reached 42.76% and the percentage of households using bottled water is 22.13%. It shows that the percentage of households that access safe drinking water has declined, while the percentage of households as bottled water users up to 23.33% (Susenas, 2012).

In Bandung District, coverage of water supply

only 40% of the community that is underserved

by PDAM. Meanwhile, in the city of Tasikmalaya

where is known as a city with a category of areas

in the level of poor health, water service served

by PDAM covered only 14% of the total of

173.313 households, and 79% of the households

still access the water resources using the pump

and dug wells, and 7% use other sources.

These conditions indicate that the government has not been serious in managing a positive eco-nomic resource to meet the needs of water for its people. Another factor is due to the leakage of the budget that had been provided to optimize the water service which found on the PETS study in 2012. This finding is reinforced by the results of the CRC study conducted in 2013 that show until now the water received by the public still does not meet the good quality such as; turbid water conditions, high temperature and sediment are still perceived by the majority of households in the three district/city

Some of the results obtained from a Public Ex-penditure Tracking Survey and Citizen Report Card survey showed the gaps in the fulfillment of water for the community. A number of budget al-location used by the government of Bandung District and Garut District and Tasikmalaya city has not been evenly distributed effectively to the public.

INTRODUCTION

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In addition, the minimum basic needs of their people’s everyday life are still not fulfilled. Though, the minimum standards and criteria have been defined in the regulations at the central government level that should become a guideline and reference for District/City gov-ernments.

Therefore, as a follow-up of the results of

PETS and CRC research that has been done

in the years 2012-2013, Perkumpulan Inisiatif

was conducted a social audit which done it

directly by the community in Bandung District,

Garut District, and Tasikmalaya City. Moreo-

ver, this approach is also done to encourages

the public awareness of the importance of par-

ticipation in supervising the government’s pro-

grams to ensure public accountability, espe-

cially in the water supply sector.

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SCOPE AND PURPOSES

Indra Bastian (2013) defines social audit as

"audits regarding monitoring, assessment and

measurement of organizational achievement

associated with social problems". Based on

these definitions, social audit has 3 scopes,

there are:

Monitoring programs implemented all this time

Conformity assessment of program imple-mentation that has been done

Measurement of the success of organiza-tion in charge of implementing water sup-ply programs

The general purpose of water sector social

audit conducted in three district/city in West

Java province , to ensure the local govern-

ment accountability and program perfor-

mance :

There are two main targets to achieve that ob-

jective:

1. To check, Is the water supply infra-

structure development programs has

planned comply wiht the plan.

2. To check, is the water supply has met

the minimum standard that was use by

beneficiariesthe object of social audit in

The type of water infrastructure development

system to audited are non-piped network (SPAM

-BJP such as:

Goods procurement i.e piped, etcImprove-ment of piping network

Public hydrants Public taps and water catchments structures Meanwhile, the period of the program and the

activities that will be conducted a social audits in

three target area are programs and activities

that was fit in 2011 for Garut District and 2012 for

Bandung District and Tasikmalaya City.

STAGES OF IMPLEMENTATION

The implementation of social audit wasinvolves

the citizens as the main actors/auditor. The stag-

es of social audit that conducted in three target

area, are:

Establish the audit team, consist of 10 peo-ple. from local community

Selection and mobilization of local citizens, formed an audit team that recruited from local citizen who involved directly in social audit activities. The selection process was carried out through workshops conducted by the au-dit team and Perkumpulan Inisiatif research team.

Capacity Building, which provides knowledge,

understanding and technical skills related to

water supply service system and the audit ap-

proaches

SCOPE AND STAGES

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ORIENTATION

Study Orientation that used as research basis

refers to the results of PETS and CRC, with

the findings / information that are used as the

main reference in determining steps of the so-

cial audit activities, which are:

Policies, regulations, guidelines and docu-ments that used by governments in the im-plementation and management of water resources.

The government officials who are respon-sible in the programs and activities of wa-ter supply as well as the time period of public expenditure distribution in the water supply

The specific period of the held fiscal year, along with the amount of budget allocation, type of activity and location of water supply construction.

While the results of the community assess-

ment (CRC) which are used as references

are:

Conditions of the beneficiaries through the programs and activities designed by the government

The condition of water quality, quantity, and continuity as well as affordability in terms of costs incurred by beneficiaries, which has been used as a minimum stand-ard and criteria that set by the government.

The condition and an overview of reliability

of provider officials in providing the water

supply as well as quality control of the wa-

FACT SUBMISSION AND ANALYSIS

TECHNIQUE

The analytical techniques that used to obtain the

competent and appropriate evidences in water

was derived from:

Document Review Reviewing the planning and budget documents

of the previous year period, which are in 2011

and 2012, the regulations related to the water

sector as well as previous research documents,

such as PETS and CRC.

Interview In-depth interviews were aimed at beneficiaries around the water infrastructure construction site in time or period of construction work.

Field Observation Examining and measuring the water supply infra-

structure development programs and activities

that developed by the local Government. The

results of these assesment was collected in the

form of documentation i.e photos or videos.

Focus Group Discussion (FGD) Comparing the field finding with the obtained

documents and formulated the findings to ensure

that all obtained evidences may support the audi-

tor's statement and opinion. Focus group discus-

sions conducted by the citizens who have a role

as local auditors

METHOD AND TECHNIQUE

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The public expenditure that was spent under

the DPWh in each target area which is Ban-

dung district that has allocated and spent

money arounds 4.5 Billion rupia, Garut 1.5 Bil-

lion rupiah and Tasikmalaya of 2,2 Billion.

Based on the preliminary survey , resulting the

findingsare described as follows

Based on the findings in each target area, con-

cluded a few things, such as:

1) Each of the programs and activities have

been comply with the planning and budget

2) Ineffective output of the water supply pro-grams.

3) Poor Community Participation and Transpar-ency Program Management.

4) Lack of Supervision from the Local Govern-ment

FINDINGS

BANDUNG DISTRICT GARUT DISTRICT TASIKMALAYA DISTRICT

Most of the infrastructure and its exist-ence can be traced and completely built as well as able to function optimally, except in the village of Karya Mekar, which the built infrastructure spending budget of 308 million IDR that able to operating/used only for 2 months.

In the village of Karya Sari (used funds was 99 million IDR) and Sukamenak Village (used funds was 204 million IDR), but the water infrastructure does not provide benefits to the community because the location is not in accord-ance with the proposal.

The average period of water supply development is 3-4 months in 2011 were carried out by a third party or con-tractor.

Most of the villages (9 villages) do not have the clarity of ownership status of water infrastructure or some handover officiasl letter to the community and village government, except in Karya Mekar Village.

Most people do not ever find out the source of the budget execution of infra-structure, including infrastructure con-struction design to be implemented and in the maintenance scheme of water supply systems in their environment

There are 3 villages, the existences of the water supply infrastructure could’nt be traced/untracked, such as in Cipinang Village, sub- District of Ci-maung; Lamajang Village, sub-District of Pangalengan; and Ciluluk Village, sub-District of Cikancung. The survey results showed the presence of water supply ineffectiveness implementation its arounds of 190.527.200 IDR.

Total Budget of 1.543.000.000 IDR was distributed to Kutawaringin village for developing the pipeline reticulation net-work is undetected.

A total of 5 villages have allocated budget for water infrastructure programs reached 1,843,256,884 IDR (1.8 billion) is undected to do with the existences of the water facility was built.

The water supply infrastructures of 16 other villages are really exist and can be optimally used by the community

The water infrastructure was construct-ed in approximately 3-4 months of the year 2012 and the executor generally was a third party or contractor.

Water infrastructures built by a third party in 16 villages, generally have un-clear ownership status. There are three villages that have the handover official letter such as Sukawening (sub-District of Ciwidey), Cipaku (sub-District of Pa-seh), and Cikitu (sub-District of Pacet)

Most of the community as the benefi-ciaries has uninformed well regarding the budget to developing the water infrastructure, including construction design to be implemented in their envi-ronment. Generally the village govern-ment officials only told verbally when the water infrastructure construction works have been completed by the contractor.

The built infrastructures only exist in Sulaksana and Cipawitra Village, while the existence of built infrastructures that spent budget of 250 million IDR in Ta-mansari Village is unknown.

The existence of traceable infrastruc-ture is in Cipedes District, located in Sukamanah Village, which spent budget of 231.618.000 IDR. Meanwhile, the existence of the infrastructures in sub-District of Tawang and Cihideung, which spent a total budget of 900.904.000 IDR, are unknown.

Drinking Water Development System in Tamansari Village, with a budget spent reached 250 million rupiah, according to the survey, were built for three kam-pongs there. Unfortunately, the infra-structure cannot function optimally (malfunction), and unusable by the community.

Prevention Program of water shortage with a budget of 27,000,000 IDR that were distributed to the three districts such as Purbaratu, Tamansari, and Mangkubumi sub-district also cannot be tracked

The period of the development imple-mentation approximately 3-4 months in June and August of 2012, and the exec-utor generally was a third party or con-tractor.

Water infrastructures built by third par-ties in 9 districts; generally have an unclear ownership status, including the specific locations where the infrastruc-tures are built.

Most the beneficiaries was uninformed well regarding the the budget was spent to built the water infrastructure, includ-ing the construction design to be imple-mented in their environment.

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Based on information obtained from the preliminary survey,

the location/village determination in social audit activities is

specified based on the following criteria:

Infrastructure has been built and can optimally operate

The existence of infrastructure management group or community institutions that have been established

The existence of beneficiaries who have a good knowledge and can be organized

The existence of the community's willingness to accept capacity building

The willingness of the community groups to examine the condition of water service in their area.

Once the criteria specified, acquired selected villages, they are four (4) specific location of each District / city which consist of Tegalega Village in Garut District, Drawati and Bandasari Village in Bandung District and Cipawitra Village in Tasikmalaya City. The audit results in each village of each District / city are as follows

COMMUNITY PRACTICES

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CONCLUSION & RECOMENDATION

CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION

The Water Supply programs and activities which are pri-oritized by the District/ city to meet the needs of the com-munity, with funds sourced from the Special Allocation Fund, and the General Allocation Fund as well as from the Local Government Budget Expenditure and Revenue (APBD) are in compliance with legal documents, one of which Budget Implementation Documents (DPA), which is issued by local government agency, in this case is the Department of Public Works.

Output of the water supply and program, in the form of water infrastructure which implemented at the community level, is ineffectively established. As the result, the cover-age and water distribution is not properly distributed in terms of both quantity and quality, as well as usefulness. in several villages in Bandung District and Tasikmalaya City are indicated the presence of untraced water infra-structure and infrastructure conditions are malfunction. Those conditions caused by the bad planning process which is not based on design, services coverages and targets as well as the negligence of the incompetent con-structors.

Output of the water supply and program, in the form of implementation of water infrastructure construction at the community level, did not considering to the minimum standards rules, which resulted in poor water quality, and quantity as well as continuity (limited water flow). it caused some obstacles for the community in consuming a health and safety water. Social audit findings indicate that the quantity of water used is less than 60 liters / per-son or 10 m3 / household, turbid water quality, sediment, and high temperatures are also often found, such as in the Cipawitra Village, Tasikmalaya and Tegalega village, Garut. The condition is caused by the weak oversight, monitoring and by the government officials through the Departments of Public Works, Department of Health and Department of Environment.

Water infrastructure, established for the community, is a positive effort done by the Department of Public Works to be easily accessible by the public directly. However, an-other findings of the social audit is that community still have to spent addtional money to obtain water, which may not affordable for the poor households. The condi-tion occured because of the three District / city do not have a minimum service standard for determining tariff of water use, especially in rural areas.

The lack of transparency and accountability from Depart-ment of Public Works in holding program budget and wa-ter supply, in the form of implementation of water infra-structure construction, resulting in low participation of the community to play role in supervisory or social control.

Demanding the Department of Public Works to providing data and information relating to the water supply program implementation which are the planning and budget docu-ments, the technical planning of buildings, the target ser-vice and coverages, the water infrastructure ownership status and executionmechanism of public spending for

water supply programs.

Demaning the Department of Public Works to conduct an evaluation and actions for the incompetent contractors who adverse the community, and asking the efforts to ensure the community development as well as improve-ment and give the technical recommendations on infra-structure that is not functioning properly or inexistence facility, coverage and targetof water services in some

areas in the Bandung District, Garut and Tasikmalaya.

Demanding the Department of Public Works, Department of Health and Department of Environment to conducting the monitoring, evaluation, and control for water quality, that used by the community from their water infrastruc-ture, as well as protection, usage, utilization and exploita-tion of water resources that are threatened by the private-corporation, and water flow authorization by one of the powerful actors in the village, including the water flow that is used to watering their private pool, in Bandasari Vil-

lage, Cangkuang sub-district

Demanding the Local Government in Bandung District, Garut and Tasikmalaya to set the minimum standard rate or the policy for the usage and utilization of water in rural communities. Demanding the Local Government in Ban-dung District, Garut and Tasikmalaya to actually enacted the society engagement through social audits as a way of social controls to ensuring the effectiveness of water sup-

ply programs.

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Building community awarreness requires long process communications and convince that they

are capable of doing social audit.

Social audit is successful if all stakeholders involved in improving existing programs, so it needs

to be convinced that the activities do not threaten them

Social media became one of the most powerfull factor in supporting the success of social audit-

ing as media publicity and public awareness

The execution of social audit must also consider the political conditions that are going on so all

activities can run well

LESSON LEARN

Cipawitra Village of Tasikmalaya. The Women get participation to disccuss, what is the easily way to check their clean water quality and continuity, they more known about the

needs for his family members.