Pertemuan Routing

7/31/2019 Pertemuan Routing

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Fungsi utama dari layer network adalahpengalamatan dan routing

Pengalamatan telah kita bicarakan sebelumnya. Routing merupakan fungsi yang bertanggung jawab

membawa data melewati sekumpulan jaringandengan cara memilih jalur terbaik untuk dilewatidata

Tugas Routing akan dilakukan device jaringan yangdisebut sebagai Router


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Router merupakan komputer jaringan yang bertugasatau difungsikan menghubungkan dua jaringan atau

lebihType router :Komputer yang kita fungsikan RouterPeralatan khusus yang dirancang sebagai Router

Tugas router memforward data (Fungsi IP Forwardharus diaktifkan) menggunakan routing protokol(Algoritma Routing)Data diatur oleh Routed Protocol


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Router adalah komputer general purpose (untuk tujuan yanglebih luas) dengan dua atau lebih interface jaringan (NIC Card )di dalamnya yang berfungsi menghubungkan 2 jaringan ataulebih, sehingga dia bisa meneruskan paket dari satu jaringanke jaringan yang lain

Untuk jaringan kecil, interface -nya adalah NIC Card , sehinggarouter mempunyai 2 NIC atau lebih yang bisamenghubungkan dengan jaringan lain.

Untuk LANkecil yang terhubung internet, salah satu interfaceadalah NIC card , dan interface yang lain adalah sembaranghardware jaringan misal modem untuk leased line atau ISDNatau koneksi internet ADSLyang digunakan


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Supaya Router bisa meneruskan data, komputeryang ada pada jaringan tersebut harusmenugaskan router untuk meneruskan dataPenugasan dilakukan dengan cara settingkomputer default gateway ke router

Jika kita tidak setting default gateway maka bisadipastikan LAN tersebut tidak bisa terkoneksidengan jaringan lainnya


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Dua cara membangun tabel Routing : Static Routing

Dibangun berdasarkan definisi dari administrator Administrator harus cermat, satu saja tabel routing salah jaringan

tidak terkoneksi Dynamic Routing

Secara otomatis router jalur routingnya, dengan cara bertukarinformasi antar router menggunakan protokol tftp

Kategori algoritma dinamik : Distance Vector Link State Hybrid


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IP Aliasingadalah adalahmapping single MAC Addressuntuk multiple IP address ,satu NIC bisa diberi nomor

IP lebih dari satuDengan 1 NIC bisamenghubungkan 2 subnetyang berbedaDengan 2 NIC bisamenghubungkan 3 subnetyang berbeda


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Pada jaringan A, B dan C ifconfig eth0 down ifconfig eth0 up ifconfig eth0 no_ip netmask no_netmask

broadcast no_brodcast up route add -net default gw no_default_gw Jalankan perintah ping di jaringan masing

masing A, B dan C Jalankan perintah ping antar jaringan A, B dan

C Catat hasilnya Pada Router 1

route del ifconfig eth0 10.252.10.2 netmask 255.255.255.0

broadcast 10.252.10.255 up ifconfig eth0 10.252.20.2 netmask 255.255.255.0

broadcast 10.252.20.255 up echo 1> /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward route add -net 10.252.30.0.24 gw 10.252.20.3

Pada Router 2 route del

ifconfig eth0 10.252.20.3 netmask255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.252.20.255 up ifconfig eth0 10.252.30.2 netmask

255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.252.30.255 up echo 1> /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward route add -net 10.252.30.0.24 gw

10.252.20.3sss


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Routing Protocols and Concepts Chapter 3


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Describe the role of dynamic routing protocolsand place these protocols in the context of modern network design.Identify several ways to classify routing protocols.Describe how metrics are used by routingprotocols and identify the metric types used bydynamic routing protocols.Determine the administrative distance of a routeand describe its importance in the routingprocess.Identify the different elements of the routingtable.


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Function(s) of Dynamic Routing Protocols: Dynamically share information between routers. Automatically update routing table when topology

changes. Determine best path to a destination.


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The purpose of a dynamic routing protocol isto: Discover remote networks

Maintaining up-to-date routing information Choosing the best path to destination networks Ability to find a new best path if the current path is

no longer available


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Components of a routing protocol Algorithm

In the case of a routing protocol algorithms are usedfor facilitating routing information and best pathdetermination

Routing protocol messages These are messages for discovering neighbors and

exchange of routing information


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Advantages of static routing It can backup multiple interfaces/networks on a

router Easy to configure No extra resources are needed More secure

Disadvantages of static routing Network changes require manual reconfiguration Does not scale well in large topologies


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Dynamic routing protocols are grouped according tocharacteristics . Examples include:

RIP IGRP

EIGRP OSPF IS-IS

BGP

Autonomous System is a group of routers under the control of asingle authority.


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Types of routing protocols : Interior Gateway Protocols (IGP) Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGP)


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Interior Gateway Routing Protocols (IGP) Used for routing inside an autonomous system &

used to route within the individual networksthemselves

Examples: RIP, EIGRP, OSPF

Exterior Routing Protocols (EGP) Used for routing between autonomous systems Example: BGPv4


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IGP: Comparison of Distance Vector & Link State

Routing ProtocolsDistance vector Routes are advertised as vectors

of distance & direction Incomplete view of network

topology Generally, periodic

updatesLink state

Complete view of networktopology is created

Updates are notperiodic


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Classful routingprotocols Do NOT send subnet

mask in routingupdates

Classless routingprotocols Do send subnet mask in

routing updates


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Convergence is defined as when all routersrouting tables are at a state of consistency


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Metric A value used by a routing protocol to determine which routes

are better than others


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Metrics used in IP routing protocols Bandwidth Cost

Delay Hop count Load Reliability


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The Metric Field inthe Routing TableMetric used for eachrouting protocol

RIP- hop count IGRP & EIGRP-

Bandwidth (used bydefault), Delay (usedby default), Load,Reliability

IS-IS & OSPF- Cost ,Bandwidth (Ciscosimplementation)


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Load balancing This is the ability of a router to distribute packets among

multiple same cost paths


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Purpose of a metric Its a calculated value used to determine the best

path to a destination

Purpose of Administrative Distance Its a numeric value that specifies the preference of a particular route


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Identifying the Administrative Distance (AD)in a routing table It is the first number in the brackets in the routing

table


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Dynamic Routing Protocols


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Directly connected routes Have a default AD of 0

Static Routes

Administrative distance of a static route has adefault value of 1


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Directly connected routes Immediately appear in the routing table as soon as

the interface is configured


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Dynamic routing protocols fulfill the followingfunctions Dynamically share information between routers Automatically update routing table when topology changes

Determine best path to a destinationRouting protocols are grouped as either Interior gateway protocols (IGP)Or Exterior gateway protocols(EGP)

Types of IGPs include Classless routing protocols - these protocols include subnetmask in routing updates

Classful routing protocols - these protocols do not includesubnet mask in routing update


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Metrics are used by dynamic routing protocols tocalculate the best path to a destinationAdministrative distance is an integer value thatis used to indicate a routers trustworthiness

Components of a routing table include: Route source Administrative distance Metric

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