PERAN UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES …

PERAN UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR

REFUGEES (UNHCR) DALAM MENANGANI PERMASALAHAN

STATELESS DI MALAYSIA TAHUN 2014-2017

Disusun dan Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh

Gelar Sarjana Sosial (S.Sos) Strata–1

SKRIPSI

OLEH :

PRISTINA WIDYA

201710360311252

PROGRAM STUDI HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2021

viii

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji dan syukur peneliti panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, atas berkat dan

karunia-Nya, sehingga peneliti dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Shalawat serta

salam senantiasa tercurahkan kepada Rasullah SAW. Skripsi ini merupakan hasil

dari proses pembelajaran selama perkuliahan Strata Satu (S1) di program studi

Hubungan Internasional. Ilmu-ilmu yang diperoleh selama perkuliahan di program

studi Hubungan Internasional sangat bermanfaat hingga terciptanya skripsi yang

disusun oleh peneliti ini. Skripsi ini memiliki judul yaitu Peran United Nations High

Commissioner For Refugees (UNHCR) Dalam Menangani Permasalahan Stateless

Di Malaysia Tahun 2014-2017. Selama proses penyusunan skripsi ini, tidak terlepas

dari bantuan, dorongan, bimbingan, serta dukungan dari berbagai pihak. Untuk itu

penulis ingin menyampaikan rasa terima kasih atas bantuan dan dukungan dari

pihak-pihak berikut ini:

1. Allah SWT dengan segala rahmat dan hidayah-Nya, peneliti bisa

menyelesaikan tugas akhir dengan baik.

2. Seluruh keluarga penulis, Ibu, Ayah, Akung, Uti, Om dan Tante

yang sudah memberikan dukungan, materi dan doa tiada henti.

3. Bapak Najamuddin Khairur Rijal, M.Hub.Int. selaku dosen

pembimbing utama, yang telah meluangkan waktu dan tenaga

dalam memberikan bimbingan dari awal hingga selesainya skripsi

ini. Serta motivasi, petunjuk dan saran yang diberikan selama

proses pembuatan skripsi ini sangatlah berkesan bagi saya.

ix

4. Bapak dan ibu dosen Prodi Hubungan Internasional Universitas

Muhammadiyah Malang, terima kasih atas ilmu dan motivasi yang

diberikan selama belajar disini.

5. Teman-teman penulis, terutama Geska, Nova, Audita, Lina, Chita,

Debri, dan teman-teman seperjuangan saya di Malang yang tidak

dapat saya tulis satu persatu, terima kasih kalian telah menjadi

tempat untuk curhat, diskusi dan menampung semua keluh kesah

serta memberikan kebahagiaan selama saya kuliah di Universitas

Muhammadiyah Malang.

6. Seluruh pihak yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu persatu dan terus

memberikan motivasi bagi penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi.

Penulis menyadari bahwa skripsi ini masih memiliki kekurangan. Oleh karena itu,

penulis mengharapkan saran atau kritik yang membangun dari semua pihak. Penulis

juga mengharapkan agar skripsi ini dapat bermanfat bagi orang lain.

x

MOTTO

“Selalu Libatkan Tuhan Dalam Setiap Proses dan Hasilmu”

- Pristina Widya –

xi

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL.................................................................................................i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .................................................................................... ii

LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN................................................................................... iii

BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN SKRIPSI .......................................................... iv

PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ......................................................................... v

ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................. vi

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ vii

KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................... viii

DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... xi

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................. xv

DAFTAR BAGAN .............................................................................................. xvi

DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... xvii

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ................................................................................... xviii

BAB I ...................................................................................................................... 1

PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................................. 1

1.1 LATAR BELAKANG ................................................................................. 1

1.2 RUMUSAN MASALAH ............................................................................. 5

1.3 TUJUAN DAN MANFAAT PENELITIAN ............................................... 5

xii

1.3.1 Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................................ 5

1.3.2 Manfaat Penelitian ...................................................................................... 5

1.4 PENELITIAN TERDAHULU ..................................................................... 6

1.5 KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL .................................................................. 24

1.5.1 Konsep Organisasi Internasional ........................................................ 24

1.5.2 Konsep Stateless ................................................................................. 29

1.6 METODE PENELITIAN ........................................................................... 32

1.6.1 Jenis Penelitian ................................................................................... 33

1.6.2 Teknik Pengumpulan Data.................................................................. 33

1.6.3 Teknik Analisa Data ........................................................................... 34

1.7 RUANG LINGKUP PENELITIAN ........................................................... 34

1.8 ARGUMEN DASAR ................................................................................. 35

1.9 SISTEMATIKA PENULISAN .................................................................. 36

BAB II ................................................................................................................... 39

GAMBARAN UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES

(UNHCR) DAN PERMASALAHAN STATELESS DI MALAYSIA ................ 39

2.1 Gambaran Umum UNHCR ............................................................................. 39

2.2 Eksistensi UNHCR Di Malaysia ..................................................................... 52

2.3 Permasalahan Stateless Di Malaysia ............................................................... 61

2.4 Kebijakan Pemerintah Malaysia Terhadap Stateless ...................................... 74

xiii

BAB III ................................................................................................................. 81

PERAN UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES

(UNHCR) SEBAGAI PEMBERI INFORMASI .................................................. 81

3.1 Menyediakan Data Tentang Partner UNHCR di Malaysia ............................. 81

3.2 Melaksanakan Kampanye #Ibelong ................................................................ 87

BAB IV ............................................................................................................... 108

PERAN UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES

(UNHCR) SEBAGAI PENEGAK ATURAN DAN PELAKSANA KEBIJAKAN

............................................................................................................................. 108

4.1 UNHCR Sebagai Penegak Aturan ................................................................ 108

4.1.1 Mendorong Pemerintah Malaysia Untuk Meratifikasi Konvensi Konvensi

Statelessness .................................................................................................... 109

4.1.2 Memberikan Bantuan Hukum ................................................................ 117

4.2 UNHCR Sebagai Pelaksana Kebijakan ......................................................... 122

4.2.1 Melaksanakan Proyek Pemetaan ............................................................ 123

4.2.2 Memberikan Pendanaan Untuk Stateless di Malaysia ........................... 132

BAB V ................................................................................................................. 142

PENUTUP ........................................................................................................... 142

5.1 KESIMPULAN ............................................................................................. 142

5.2 SARAN ......................................................................................................... 143

xiv

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... 145

xv

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1.1 Posisi Penelitian .................................................................................... 17

Tabel 3.1 Timeline Kerjasama UNHCR dan USCI .............................................. 96

Tabel 4.1 Jumlah stateless dan pendanaan untuk UNHCR di Malaysia ............. 133

xvi

DAFTAR BAGAN

Bagan 1.1 Posisi UNHCR dalam PBB .................................................................. 42

Bagan 3.1 UNHCR sebagai pemberi informasi .................................................. 107

Bagan 4.1 UNHCR sebagai penegak aturan dan sebagai pelaksana kebijakan .. 144

xvii

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 3.1 Bring the light ................................................................................... 82

Gambar 3.2 Proses belajar di Ideas Academy ....................................................... 84

Gambar 3.3 anak-anak stateless yang membutuhkan perwalian sementara ......... 86

Gambar 3.4 Konsultasi UNHCR dengan anak-anak stateless di Malaysia ........... 92

Gambar 3.5 Meeting UNHCR dengan USCI & DHRRA ..................................... 93

Gambar 3.6 Akun Facebook Journey To Belong .................................................. 94

Gambar 3.7 Pameran foto tentang stateless .......................................................... 95

Gambar 3.8 Toolkit pembelajaran untuk anak-anak stateless ............................... 96

Gambar 3.9 Malaysian Youth Congress on Statelessness .................................... 98

Gambar 3.10 Dialog inklusif dengan stateless ...................................................... 99

Gambar 4.1 Macam-Macam Kartu Identitas Malaysia ....................................... 120

xviii

DAFTAR SINGKATAN

ACTED : Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development

BCAS : Borneo Child Aid Society Sabah

DHRRA : Development of Human Resources for Rural Areas

HAM : Hak Asasi Manusia

ICRC : International Committee of the Red Cross

IOM : International Organization of Migration

IRO : International Refugee Organization

LBB : Liga Bangsa Bangsa

LSM : Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat

NGO : Non Governmental Organization

NRD : National Registration Department

PBB : Perserikatan Bangsa Bangsa

RTC : Rural Transformation Centres

WFP : World Food Programme

WHO : World Health Organization

UNDP : United Nations Development Programme

xix

UNHCR : United Nations High Commissioner For Refugees

UNICEF : United Nations Children’s Fund

UN OPCAT : Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture

UNRRA : United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration

UKM : Universitas Nasional Malaysia

USCI : University College Sedaya International

USIM : Universitas Sains Islam Malaysia

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