Dr. Ir. Hendri DS Budiono M. Eng.

Tim Riset Baterai DTMM

Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia

PERAN PERGURUAN TINGGI DALAM MENDUKUNG RISET

BATERAI UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN MOBIL LISTRIK

(ELECTRIC VEHICLE) DI INDONESIA

Konsumsi Energi

Total 363 juta barrel

(Neraca pembayaran Indoesia Triwulan

Keempat2011 (Bank Indonesia-Feb2012)

Hasil pembakaran BBM di sektor

transportasi menghasilkan sekitar

75 juta ton CO2 (KLH, 2008)

Kecenderungan meningkat, diprediksi

mencapai 502 juta ton di tahun 2030(Sumber (Peluang dan Kebijakan

Pengurangan Emisi --Laporan Teknis Sektor

Transportasi--Dewan Nasional Perubahan

Iklim, Maret 2010)

Emisi Gas Buang

LATAR BELAKANG

PERTUMBUHAN KENDARAAN DI INDONESIA

Permasalahan berkaitan dengan mengingkatnya jumlah kendaraan :

• Subsidi BBM untuk transportasi 2014 mencapai 246.49 T [2]

• Polusi emisi kendaraan semakin parah

• Tingkat kemacetan di kota-kota besar semakin parah

Prediksi penjualan 2015 mencapai 7,3 % [1]

Every innovation in automotive industry

Big impact to human life and environment

KONSUMSI ENERGI: DAMPAK POLUSI & KETERSEDIAAN

Kebutuhan untuk transportasi harian yang

bersih dan efisien

Ketersediaan sumber energi Indonesia

saat ini:

Minyak: 18 tahun

Gas Alam: 47 tahun

Batu bara: 61 tahun

Mengurangi Polusi

Solution: Renewable energy (Green energy ) Mobil Listrik (Electric Car)

PENGEMBANGAN

MATERIAL BATERAI

MOBIL LISTRIK (ELECTRIC VEHICLE)

Mobil listrik merupakan salah satu

alternatif solusi sarana transportasi

di Indonesia yang ramah

lingkungan dan berkelanjutan,

mendukung cita-cita kemandirian

industri otomotif nasional, dan

ketahanan nasional.

6

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

03CY

04CY

05CY

06CY

07CY

08CY

09CY

10CY

11CY

12CY

13CY

14CY

15CY

16CY

17CY

18CY

US$ Million/CY BEV

PHEV

HEV

Others

BT

Game

MP3

CAM

DSC

PT

NBPC

Reference: Institute of Information Technology, Japan

HEV, EV and FCV in Japan

HEV in market PHEV

EV

FCHV

HYBRID (HEV) AND ELECTRIC (EV)VEHICLES

ALREADY ON THE ROAD

Courtesy of Dr. Ahiara, Samsung Research, Yokohama, Japan

1. Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV)

Coverage area 300 km/pengisian

Main Power Bensin / Gas

Battery density 100-150 Wh/kg

2. Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PHEV)

Main Power Dual Power

Battery sama seperti HEV, lebih besar

kalo diinginkan coverage area yang lebih

jauh

3. Pure Electric Vehicles (PEV)

Main power Battery Jika

menginginkan coverage area 300 km,

Dengan kapasitas 1 km per 1 Wh/kg maka

dibutuhkan battery dengan energy density

300 Wh/kg

KEBUTUHAN DENSITAS YANG SANGAT

BESARSumber : http://phev.ucdavis.edu/about/faq-phev/

MOBIL LISTRIK (ELECTRIC VEHICLE) : JENIS DAN SPESIFIKASI

Endah Yuniarti

H1C006046Seminar Hasil Penelitian

Komponen

Utama

BATERAI

Material ANODA:

o Karbon/Grafit

o Paduan Logam

o Oksida Logam

o Lithium Titanat (Li4Ti5O12)

Lifecycle 500-1000

Komponen utama baterai :

• KATODA,

• ELEKTROLIT

• ANODA

4 Juli 2014

Mobil listrik solusi mengurangi konsumsi energi fosil dan

meminimalkan polusi udara, dan BATERAI adalah kunci penting

penggerak mobil listrik

Material KATODA:

o Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2)

o Lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4)

o Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4)

MOBIL LISTRIK (ELECTRIC VEHICLE)

Sumber : Scrosati (2013) [4]

PERBANDINGAN BIAYA

KOMPONEN BATERAI [3]

Sumber : Tarascon (2001) [6]

LiFePO4 as Cathode LIB [5]:

• Middle Voltage (3,4 V), Stable

• Cheap

• Safe (Borong Wu , 2011)

(Celine Cluzel, 2012)

MENGAPA BATERAI LITHIUM ?

KELEBIHAN-KELEBIHAN BATERAI ION LITIUM:

• Kapasitas penyimpanan baik

• Konduktivitas listrik baik

• Optimasi pemakaian hingga 80% dari kemampuannya

• Ringan

• Tidak ada memory effect

• Tahan lama

KEUNGGULAN BATERAI LI-ION

STRUKTUR BATERAI LITHIUM-ION

BENTUK-BENTUK BATERAI LITHIUM-ION

https://www.samsungsdi.com/column/technology/detail/55272.html?listType=gallery

BAHAN AKTIF BATERAI ION LITHIUM

LiCoO2

Li4Ti5O12

LiMn2O4

LiFePO4

Si, Cu, C

BAHAN AKTIF

ELEKTRODA &

ELEKTROLIT

BAHAN AKTIF

CARBON

Titanum (IV)Butoxide,

Fe(C2O4).2H2O

(NH4)2HPO4

LiNO3, Li2CO3

SEPARATOR

KOMPONEN SEL

ELEKTROLIT LiPF6

Al FOIL

Cu – FOIL

PVdF

DMAC

POUCH CELL

BATERE

MODUL

BMS

Al PACKING

STEEL PACKING

ELEKTRONIK

MEKANIK

SOLID STATE, SOL-GEL,

HIDROTHERMAL

DOCTOR BLADE

COATINGSTACKING & SERI

DAN PARALEL

Sumber Lithium terkonsentrasi di aliran magma, sumber panas bumi, dan underground brine. Sumber lainnya adalah lempung montmorillonit dari geothermal drains, mineral spodumene, dan di sekitar gunung api aktif.

RAW MATERIAL DI INDONESIA

SAFETY ISSUE

Cost of lithium batteries in comparison with other rechargeable systems

$0,75

$1,00

$2,45

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5

NiCd* average

price

NiMH average

price

Li-ion average

price

$ per cell

Battery type Cost (US$/W)

Lead- acid 0.15

Ni-Cd 0.95

Li-ion (C-LiCoO2) 1.35

Li-ion (C-LiMn2O4) 1.10

Ni-MH 2.00

AVERAGE PRICE PER CELL IN 2005

Source : The rechargeable battery market, 2005-2015, June 2006

Source :TIAX, based on MEDI data

COST ISSUE

Courtesy of Dr. Stefano Passerini, Munster University, Germany

ENERGY ISSUE

Pb-acid 3000 kg

Ni-MH 1200 kg

>500 Wh/kg

Super- Battery < 200kg

Li-ion Batteries

Year Present 2012 2017

140 Wh/kg*

170 Wh/kg*

200 Wh/kg*Estimated

limit of

Lithium-Ion

Technology

Revolutionary

Technology-

Change

SAMPLE DATA SNAPSHOT

Courtesy : TechSci-Research

8Source: International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA); IEA

(1) Based on 2019 global vehicle production; includes passenger vehicles, heavy trucks, buses and coaches (OICA). Battery

opportunity assumes $100 / KWh and 50KWh+ battery pack.

(2) % of Global Car Stock in 2019 (IEA).

2% PHEV + BEV Penetration²

SafetySolid, non-oxidizable

separator

Energy / Capacity>300 mile range

Fast ChargingCharge in <15 min

Cost< $30K, 300 mile EVs

Battery Lifetime>12 years, >150k miles

Need battery breakthrough to enableelectrification of remaining 98% of market

Customer Requirements for

Mass Market Adoption

RISET BATERAITiga komponen utama pada baterai:

• anoda,

• elektrolit dan

• katoda

ANODA

Li4Ti5O12 Sn-C nanocomposite dan nano Si

(gain in reliability and in cycle life)

ELEKTROLIT

Conventional : liquid organic our work : LiPF6, gel-polymer

membrane (gain in safety and cell fabrication)

KATODA

Conventional : LiFePO4 our work : C- LiFePO4 composite

Conventional : LiFePO4 doped V coated with C

ROAD MAP RISET BATERAI DI DTMM-FTUI

2016

LTO / mikro Si

Sol gel,

hidrothermal

200mA/g

2017

LMO doped

V, solid state and

Calcination

3.2 V

2015

LTOdan LFP nano

Cu 100mA/g, 2V

2016

LFP doped V,

solid state and

calcined

2..5 V

High Performace

Battery for EV

End of 2023

Cell battery

assembly

2019-2021

2017

LTO / nano Si

Sol gel,

hidrothermal

LTO/Si oil

400mA/g

ANODE

CATHODE

Fuel Cell

Hydrogen

Storage

Baterai Li-ion

Teknologi Energi

Alternatif

1

2

3

4

Rapat Energi 150 –

275 mAh/gr[2]

Specific Capacity

Working voltage

Batt Li-ion

LCO

LMO

LFP

NMC

NCA

Keluarga Batt Li-

ion[3]

LiFePO4

LiMnPO4

LiNiPO4

Specific Capacity

170 mAh/gr [1]

Phospho Olivine

batt Li-ion

LiMnPO4 vs. LiFepo4

•Working voltage 4,2 V vs 3,5 V

•Insulator vs semikonduktor

• Difusi Li+ (10-14 cm2/s) vs. (10-5 cm2/s)

•High Power density vs. High Energy

density[1]

Tantangan :

Peningkatan performa

elektrokimia LTO dan LFP

RISET BATERAI

Si (wafer, micro, nano)

Sn (micro, nano)

Activated carbon, graphite

Zn, Fe, Fe2O3, Ni

ZnO (nanoparticle, nanorod)

graphene

SiOC, SnO2

New

Anoda

Katoda

RISET BATERAI di DTMM-FTUI

PENCAPAIAN (ACHIEVEMENT)

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Hig

h-C

apac

ity

Li-

ion

Bat

tery

Battery Technology Development for Hybrid and electric vehicles

Synthesize of

Lithium Titanate

by Sol-Gel and

Hydrothermal –

Cell Assembly

Synthesize of

Lithium Titanate

and Silicon with

microsized

composite –

Cell Assembly

Synthesize of

Lithium Titanate

and Silicon &

Silicon oil,

Stannum and

Surface

Templating –

Cell Assembly

Cap

acit

y Ta

rget

100 mAh/g 150 mAh/g 400 mAh/g

Synthesize of

Lithium Titanate

and Silicon

nanocomposite,

Hydrothermal

Treatment –

Cell Assembly

KINERJA BATERAI ION LITHIUM YANG DIPEROLEH LAB. BATERAI DTMM-FTUI

146 147198 197

230207

270 257

516

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Spe

cifi

c C

ap, m

Ah

/g

YearLTO-1 LTO-HT2 LTO1-nSi10 LTO-HT1-nSi5 LTO-HT2-nSi10

LTO-HT2-nSi15 LTO1-Sn7,5-CT5 LTO1-Sn7,5-CT15 Si-nano 100

PENCAPAIAN (ACHIEVEMENT)

Battery product

Paten GrantedPENCAPAIAN (ACHIEVEMENT)

CURRENT RESEARCH ON ACTIVE CATHODE MATERIALS

Sample Variable

LiFePO4 /V Vanadium doped- 3%- 5%- 7 %

LiFePO4 /V + Carbon Vanadium doped- 3%- 5%- 7 %2 types carbon (CNONS + CCAL)

LiFePO4 /V + Carbon Vanadium doped- 3%- 5%- 7 %

LiFe1-0.5Mn0.5PO4/V/C Variation in Fe – Mn

LAB BATERAI DTMM

@Lt 6 GDG MRC-FTUI

Research Facilities

PENGEMBANGAN LABORATORIUM BATERAI @Lt 6 GDG MRC-FTUI

Vigor Glove Box

inert environment for battery assembly

KEBUTUHAN ALAT RISET BATERAI

WonatechPotensiostatGalvanostat

8 channel cyclic

voltammetry

KEBUTUHAN ALAT RISET BATERAI

Capacitive Spot Welding

for welding battery electrodes

KEBUTUHAN ALAT RISET BATERAI

High Speed Ball Milling

for active materials mixing

KEBUTUHAN ALAT RISET BATERAI

Automatic Coating Machine

for battery electrodes deposition

KEBUTUHAN ALAT RISET BATERAI

Vacuum Furnace and Drying Oven

for active materials drying and sintering

KEBUTUHAN ALAT RISET BATERAI

X-ray Diffractometer

for active materials structural analysis

KEBUTUHAN ALAT RISET BATERAI