PERAN KYAI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PADA SANTRI DI PONDOK PESANTREN AL-ARIFIN...

7/31/2019 PERAN KYAI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PADA SANTRI DI PONDOK PESANTREN AL-ARIFIN D

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SFYHB E^HN MH@HD DFBNBLEH]EHB

EVH@N]H_ SFBMNMNEHB N_@HD SHMH _HB]YN

MN SKBMKE SF_HB]YFB H@$HYNJNB

MFBHB^HY$AKDIHBL

_EYNS_N

K`fg 1

DKG" @V]JN EGKNYVMNB' 338833=3 .

AVYV_HB SFBMNMNEHB N_@HD

JHEV@]H_ ]HYIN^HG

VBNZFY_N]H_ N_@HD BFLFYN 'VNB. DH@HBLDhyf}, 9337


2/132

n

MFSHY]FDFB HLHDH

VBNZFY_N]H_ N_@HD BFLFYN 'VNB. DH@HBL

JHEV@]H_ ]HYIN^HG

A`" Lhah~hbh 63 Dh`hbl ]f`s" '3?=8. 66?>>8 Jhw" '3?=8. 6


3/132

nn

Mkfb Jhev`}h ]hyin~hg

Vbnzfyn}h N`hd Bflfyn 'VNB. Dh`hbl

BK]H MNBH_ SFDINDINBL

Gh` 1 _eynsn Dkg" @v}jn Egknyvmnb Dh`hbl, 38 Hsyn` 9337

@hds" 1 = 'Fdsh}. Fefds`hy

Efshmh

^}g1 Mfehb Jhev`}h ]hyin~hg VNB Dh`hbl

Mn Dh`hbl

Hh`hdvh`hnevd \y" \i"

_fvmhg df`hevehb ifyihlhn indinblhb ififyhsh eh`n, ihne mhyn fln nn, ihghh,

dhvsvb }febne sfbv`nhb, mhb f}f`hg dfdihoh eynsn dhghn|h }fyfiv}

mnih|hg nbn 1

Bhdh 1 Dkg" @v}jn Egknyvmnb

BND 1 338833=3

Avyvhb 1 Sfbmnmnehb Hlhdh N`hd

Avmv` _eynsn 1 Sfyhb E~hn Mh`hd Dfbnbleh}ehb Evh`n}h Sfbmnmnehb

N`hd Shmh _hb}yn mn Skbmke Sfhb}yfb H`$Hynjnb Mfbhb~hy$

Akdihbl

Dheh f`hev sfdindinbl, ehdn ifysfbmhsh} ihg|h eynsn }fyfiv} vmhg `h~he

mnhavehb vb}ve mnvanehb"

Mfdnenhb, dkgkb dhe`vd hmhb~h"

\hh`hdvh`hnevd \y" \i"

Sfdindinbl,

My" Dkg" Shmn`, D" Sm"NBNS" 863 9:< 9?6


4/132

nnn

@FDIHY SFBLF_HGHB

SFYHB E^HN MH@HD DFBNBLEH]EHB

EVH@N]H_ SFBMNMNEHB N_@HD SHMH _HB]YN

MN SKBMKE SF_HB]YFB H@$HYNJNB MFBHB^HY$AKDIHBL

_EYNS_N

Mnsfynhsehb mhb Mnvvb K`fg

Dkg" @v}jn Egknyvmnb ' 338833=3 .

]f`hg Mnsfy}hghbehb mn Mfshb Mf|hb Sfblvan

Shmh ]hbllh` 8: Hsyn` 9337

Mhb ]f`hg Mnb~h}hehb Mn}fyndh _fihlhn _h`hg _h}v Sfy~hyh}hb Vb}ve

Dfdsfyk`fg Lf`hy _hyahbh Sfbmnmnehb N`hd ' _" Sm"N .

Shmh ]hbllh` 97 Hsyn` 9337

_V_VBHB MF\HB SFBLVAN

]hbmh ]hblhb

8" My" Dkg" Shmn`, D" Sm"N [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

' Ef}vh Sfblvan + Sfdindinbl . BNS" 863 9:< 9?6

9" Dkghddhm Hdnb Bvy, DH [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

' _feyf}hyn Sfblvan . BNS" 863 ?9< 9:?

?" My" G" Jhynm Gh~nd, DH [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

' Sfblvan V}hdh . BNS" 863 98= >


5/132

nz

DK]]K

Hy}nb~h 1 Mhb H` hg Hehb Dfbnbllnehb Kyhbl$kyhbl ~hbl Ifyndhb

Mnhb}hyhdv mhb Kyhbl$kyhbl ~hbl MnifynN`dv Sfblf}hgvhb Ififyhsh Mfyhah}

u X_" H`$Dv ahmh`h g 1 8 8 t

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

_h`hg _h}v Sf`hahyhb ~hbl G hyv Mnef}hgvn K`fg _f}nhs

Sk`n}nev hmh`hg5 Ihg|h Dfblnblh}$Nblh} Bhdh HehbDfdivh} Mnh _fkyhbl Hg`n Bflhyh, mhb Eh`hv _vehDf`vshehb Bhdh, Dheh Mnh Hehb Mn`vshehb Sv`h

u Dy" D" @v}jn Egknyvmnb, _" Sm"N, Sfblhdh} Sk`n}ne * Gvivblhb Nb}fybhsnkbh`t


6/132

z

SFY_FDIHGHB

Ehy~h Nbn _h~h Sfyfdihgehb Efshmh

8" H~hghbmh 'G" Dkg" Mhnd Nghb. mhb Nivbmh 'Ga" Dhevnbvykg. ~hbl }f`hgdfblhvg mhb dfdindinbl fahe efon` gnbllh fehyhbl }nhmh gfb}n mfblhb

sfbvg ehng h~hbl mhb efhihyhb vb}ve dfdifhyehb, dfbmnmne, fy}h

dfdifynehb mkykblhb dkyn`, snyn}vn`, dhvsvb dh}fynn` ~hbl }nmhe inh h~h

vblehsehb mfblhb eh}h$eh}h"

9" Ehehe$eheheev, Vdykg Dhgjvmgkg, Yknmhg \hg~vbn, Dvj`ngh}v` Jvhmhg,mhb efskbhehbev, Jnymhvn Bvqv`h Bvymnhbh 'Jnymh., Ohdn``h _h`hin`h

Yhgdhmnhb '_hh. mhb Qfbfmnbf Qv`jh Hgdhm Jhgyfqn 'Mfbn., ~hbl }f`hg

dfdifynehb sfygh}nhb avlh ehng h~hbl efshmhev mh`hd dfb~f`fhnehb

}vmn mn VNB Dh`hbl nbn"

?" Yfe}ky VNB Dh`hbl ]fyonb}h 'Sykj" My" G" Ndhd _vsyh~klk., ~hbl }f`hgdfdifynehb fdhblh} fohyh }nmhe `hblvbl efshmh sfbv`n df`h`vn `hblehg

* dhbvzfy ~hbl if`nhv `hevehb"

=" _hghih}$hghih} SDNN Yh~kb Ogkbmykmndvek mhb SDNN Ekdnhynh} _vbhbHdsf` VNB Dh`hbl ~hbl dfbahmn nbsnyhn mhb |hghbh knh`nhn ihln

sfbv`n"

6" _hghih}$hghih} Shy}hn Onb}h Ehdsv 'SOE. VNB Dh`hbl, egvvb~h ~hn}v1Mhyn E" Dhgdvm '_feafb Sfy}hdh., Ykdn H`jn~hb}k, _" Sm"N '_feafb

Efmvh., mhb Dkg" Nmyn, _" _n '_feafb Ef}nlh."

:" _hghih}$hghih} }fyonb}h, Dkg" _~hdv` Hynjnb, _" Gvd, Him" Hqnq, _" Sm"N,D" Jhnqvmmnb Ghy`nhb~hg 'Dh Jhnq., Hlv \nm~hb}k, _" GN, ]n}n

Syn~hlvbl, _], Yvmn N|hb}kyk, Ghbnj H~ghy, _" GN, Dhyvy Ofofs

Mnd~h}n, _" GN, Hiv Ihehy, _" Sm"N, Hgdhm _vmhykbk, _" Sm"N, Niyhgnd Nh,

_" Sm"N, Gkqhnbn, Ghdmhbn, Ihnghen, Dhedvb Dvhaah`nb, Xkdhyvqqhdhb,

]fblev D" Hgyn N`~h, _F, D" Ehynd Lniyhb, _" Sm"N, V}kdk, _" Sn,

Hgdhm ]hinnb, Ynmgk Qv`jnehy, mhb `hnbb~h ~hbl }nmhe inh h~h fiv}ehb

h}v$sfyh}v"


7/132

zn

_VYH] SFYB^H]HHB

^hbl Ify}hbmh ]hblhb mn Ih|hg nbn 1

Bhdh 1 Dkg" @v}jn Egknyvmnb

BND 1 338833=3

H`hdh} 1 A`" Yh~h S`fdhghb Bk" ?


8/132

znn

HI_]YHE

Egknyvmnb, @v}jn, Dkg" 9337" Sfyhb E~hn Mh`hd Dfbnbleh}ehb Evh`n}h

Sfbmnmnehb N`hd Shmh _hb}yn mn Skbmke Sfhb}yfb H`$Hynjnb Mfbhb~hy$Akdihbl"_eynsn, Avyvhb Sfbmnmnehb Hlhdh N`hd, Jhev`}h ]hyin~hg, Vbnzfyn}h N`hd

Bflfyn 'VNB. Dh`hbl" Mkfb Sfdindinbl1 My" Dkg" Shmn`, D" Sm"N"

Eh}h evbon1 E~hn, _hb}yn, Skbmke Sfhb}yfb, mhb Evh`n}h Sfbmnmnehb N`hd"

_fahyhg sfbmnmnehb N`hd mn Nbmkbfnh }nmhe }fy`fsh mhyn sfyhb skbmke

sfhb}yfb, ~hn}v fkyhbl ~hbl mnfiv} fihlhn e~hn, dfbmnmne mhb dfdindinbl

shyh hb}yn hlhy dfbahmn dhbvnh ifyndhb, ifyn`dv, mhb ifyheg`hev` ehyndhg"

E~hn hmh`hg sfdndsnb skbmke sfhb}yfb mhb sfdflhbl k}kyn}h }fy}nblln mh`hd

`fdihlh n}v" _fmhblehb hb}yn hmh`hg dfbvbave ef`kdske sfbvb}v} n`dv ~hbl

inh mnifmhehb mfblhb eh`hblhb dfyfeh ~hbl mnfiv} dvynm dhmyhhg h}hv n|h

fek`hg, |h`hv dfyfeh hdh$hdh ifyhmh mh`hd `nblevs sfbmnmnehb N`hd"

Mnhdsnbl n}v skbmke sfhb}yfb hmh`hg `fdihlh sfbmnmnehb N`hd }fy}vh mn

Nbmkbfnh" Sfhb}yfb h}hv skbmke sfhb}yfb fbmnyn hmh`hg `fdihlh sfbmnmnehb

N`hd ~hbl fevyhbl$evyhblb~h dfdn`nen ? vbvy, ~hn}v e~hn ~hbl dfbmnmne mhb

dfblhahy, hb}yn ~hbl if`hahy, mhb dhanm + dvgk``h fihlhn }fdsh} dfblhan"

Sfhb}yfb h}hv Skbmke Sfhb}yfb hmh`hg vh}v `fdihlh sfbmnmnehb efhlhdhhb

~hbl dfblhahyehb, dfblfdihblehb, mhb dfb~fihyehb n`dv hlhdh N`hd"_fihlhn `fdihlh sfbmnmnehb N`hd, mnghyhsehb sfhb}yfb mhsh} dfbons}hehb

sfbmnmnehb N`hd ~hbl ifyevh`n}h" Evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb N`hd hmh`hgsfbmnmnehb N`hd ~hbl mhsh} dfdifynehb bn`hn }hdihg ihne ifyvsh n`dv, heg`he,

dhvsvb hdh` h}hv hs`nehnb~h mh`hd efgnmvshb fghyn$ghyn, h`nh ifydhbjhh} ihlnsfbvb}v}b~h" Sfyhb e~hn f`hev sfdndsnb skbmke sfhb}yfb hblh} dfbfb}vehb

sfbnbleh}hb evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb N`hd mn `fdihlh }fyfiv}" Ehyfbh n}v, sfbv`nnblnb dfbv`n }fb}hbl nbn df`h`vn eynsn ~hbl ifyavmv` Sfyhb E~hn Mh`hd

Dfbnbleh}ehb Evh`n}h Sfbmnmnehb N`hd Shmh _hb}yn mn Skbmke Sfhb}yfb H`$

Hynjnb Mfbhb~hy$Akdihbl"

Sfbf`n}nhb nbn mn`hevehb mn Skbmke Sfhb}yfb H`$Hynjnb Mfbhb~hy$Akdihbl"Mh`hd sfdihghhb sfbf`n}nhb nbn, sfbf`n}n dfdsvb~hn }vavhb vb}ve dfblf}hgvn

mhb dfbf`hhg sf`hehbhhb sfbmnmnehb N`hd mn Skbmke Sfhb}yfb H`$Hynjnb

Mfbhb~hy$Akdihbl mhb sfyhb e~hn mh`hd dfbnbleh}ehb evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb N`hd

shmh hb}yn mn Skbmke Sfhb}yfb H`$Hynjnb Mfbhb~hy$Akdihbl fvhn mfblhb avmv`

eynsn nbn"

Dheh mhyn n}v, mh`hd sfbv`nhb eynsn nbn, afbn sfbf`n}nhb ~hbl mnlvbhehb

k`fg sfbv`n hmh`hg sfbf`n}nhb mfeyns}nj evh`n}h}nj, mfblhb dfbfehbehb shmh

efevh}hb hbh`nn mh}h shmh vdify$vdify mh}h ~hbl hmh, fgnbllh ghn`

sfbf`n}nhb }nmhe ifyvsh hbleh$hbleh df`hnbehb ifyvsh nb}fysyf}hn mhb eh}h$eh}h"

]febne sfblvdsv`hb mh}h mn`hevehb df`h`vn, '8. kifyzhn5 '9. nb}fyznf| h}hv|h|hbohyh5 '?. mkevdfb}hn5 mhb '=. oh}h}hb `hshblhb"

Mhyn ghn` hbh`nn mh}h mnsfyk`fg }fdvhb$}fdvhb fihlhn ifynev}5 '8. fahyhg

nbleh} Skbmke Sfhb}yfb H`$Hynjnb Mfbhb~hy$Akdihbl mhb sfyefdihblhbb~h5'9. sf`hehbhhb sfblhahyhb h}hv sfbmnmnehb mnbn~hg mn sfhb}yfb nbn mn`hevehb

f`hdh mvh eh`n mh`hd fghyn efovh`n ghyn Avdh}, ~hn}v f}f`hg gk`h} dhlgyni mhbf}f`hg gk`h} gvivg ~hbl mn`hevehb mfblhb sfbvg efmnns`nbhb mhb effynvhb5

'?. sfyhb e~hn mh`hd dfbnbleh}ehb evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb N`hd mn sfhb}yfb

}fyb~h}h hblh} sfb}nbl mhb nlbnjnehb ehyfbh mnh hmh`hg sfdndsnb }fy}nblln mh`hd

`fdihlh n}v" Sfyhb n}v mn|vavmehb mh`hd eflnh}hb dfblkb}yk` `hblvbl ah`hbb~h


9/132

znnn

sfbmnmnehb mnbn~hg mhb he}nzn}h effghynhb sfhb}yfb avlh mh`hd gh` nmf h}hv

lhlhhb lvbh df|vavmehb }vavhb mnh}h" Dfbvyv} shyh sfblhahy 'hh}nmq. mhb shyhhb}yn, ihg|h sfblhvg sfhb}yfb h}hv mnfiv} e~hn dfdsvb~hn ekdn}dfb ~hbl

}nblln vb}ve dfdhavehb sfbmnmnehb N`hd mn sfhb}yfb nbn" Yh}h$yh}h dfyfehdfbn`hn hblh} ihne mhb ihne }fyghmhs sfyhb e~hn mnh}h"

Evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb N`hd mnvevy mfblhb ififyhsh }hbmhy mhyn }hbmhybhnkbh` sfbmnmnehb ~hbl }fydhe}vi mh`hd Sfyh}vyhb Sfdfynb}hg 'SS". Bk" 8>

]hgvb 9336, }fb}hbl }hbmhy bhnkbh` sfbmnmnehb, ~hn}v fihlnhb mnhb}hyhb~h

hmh`hg }hbmhy sykf, }hbmhy sfbmnmne mhb }fbhlh efsfbmnmnehb, mhb }hbmhyhyhbh mhb syhhyhbh" _fihlnhb }hbmhy mnh}h }hmn k`fg Sfblhvg Skbmke

Sfhb}yfb H`$Hynjnb Mfbhb~hy$Akdihbl mnahmnehb hovhb vb}ve dfbnbleh}ehb

dv}v + evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb N`hd mn `fdihlh nbn" Gh` nbn dfbahmn vylfb vb}ve

mn`hevehb ehyfbh mnghyhsehb sfhb}yfb nbn hehb dhdsv dfbof}he dhbvnh

ifyheg`hev` ehyndhg, ifymnns`nb }nblln, ify}hbllvbl ah|hi, ifymnehyn + dhbmnyn,

mhb ifyn`dv sfblf}hgvhb fvhn mfblhb }vavhb mnmnynehbb~h sfhb}yfb n}v"

Mnghyhsehb fkyhbl e~hn fihlhn sfblhvg mhb sfdndsnb skbmke sfhb}yfb mhsh}

df`hevehb fsfy}n gh` ~hbl }fyfiv} mnh}h"

Sfbf`n}n ifyghyhs fdklh ghn` sfbf`n}nhb nbn mhsh} dfbahmn sfblf}hgvhb

~hbl ekb}yve}nj mh`hd ehn}hbb~h mfblhb sfbnbleh}hb evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb N`hd

mn skbmke sfhb}yfb ihne fohyh }fkyn dhvsvb syhe}fe, v}hdhb~h ihln fkyhbl

e~hn ~hbl dfyvshehb sfblhvg skbmke sfhb}yfb" _f`hnb n}v ihg|h ghn`sfbf`n}nhb nbn if`vd f`fhn h}hv jnbh`, ehyfbh n}v mnghyhsehb hmh sfbf`n}nhb `fing`hbav} ~hbl dfblehan v`hbl }fb}hbl sfbf`n}nhb nbn" Ehyfbh sfbf`n}nhb nbn ghb~h

fihlnhb efon` mhyn sfdihghhb }fb}hbl sfyhb e~hn mn h`hg h}v skbmke sfhb}yfbmn Nbmkbfnh" Sfbf`n}nhb nbn avlh fihlhn vsh~h vb}ve dfbllh`n `fing mh`hd `hln

}fb}hbl e~hn mhb skbmke sfhb}yfb ~hbl }fyfihy `vh mn f`vyvg sfbavyv }hbhg hnyNbmkbfnh"


10/132

nw

EH]H SFBLHB]HY

Svah mhb svan ~vevy }f}hs mngh}vyehb efshmh H``hg _\], ~hbl }f`hg

dfdifynehb ehyvbnh mhb }f`hg df`ndshgehb bnedh} mhb gnmh~hgb~h, fgnbllhehdn df`hblehg dfbvav dhh mfshb fy}h dhdsv df~f`fhnehb eynsn fihlhn

~hyh} lvbh dfdsfyk`fg lf`hy _hyahbh Sfbmnmnehb N`hd '_" Sm"N. mfblhb

fdsvybh }hbsh hmh gh`hblhb mhb efbmh`h hshsvb"

_gk`h|h} mhb h`hd fdklh fbhb}nhh }fy`nshgehb efshmh Hdnyv`

Dvednbnb fshbahbl dhh, sfdndsnb vdh} }hbsh dfdn`nen ohoh} fmnen}svb, ~hn}v

Ihlnbmh Bhin Dvghddhm _H\ ~hbl }f`hg dfdih|h mhb dfb~fdsvybhehb

hlhdh N`hd fihlhn sfb~f`hdh} ihln f`vyvg vdh} dhbvnh mn dveh ivdn nbn"

Mh`hd dfb~f`fhnehb eynsn nbn, }fb}vb~h }nmhe }fy`fsh mhyn ififyhsh snghe

}fyehn}, ihne fohyh `hblvbl dhvsvb }nmhe `hblvbl ~hbl }f`hg dfdifynehb

dk}nzhn, hyhb fy}h eyn}nehb ~hbl ekb}yve}nj mh`hd dfb~f`fhnehb sfbv`nhb

eynsn nbn" Dheh vmhg ihyhbl }fb}v vh}v ef|hanihb ihln ehdn vb}ve

dfblvohsehb }fyndh ehng ~hbl f}nblln$}nbllnb~h efshmh 1

8" H~hghbmh 'G" Dkg" Mhnd Nghb. mhb Nivbmh 'Ga" Dhevnbvykg. ~hbl }f`hgdfblhvg mhb dfdindinbl fahe efon` gnbllh fehyhbl }nhmh gfb}n mfblhb

sfbvg ehng h~hbl mhb efhihyhb vb}ve dfdifhyehb, dfbmnmne, fy}h

dfdifynehb mkykblhb dkyn`, snyn}vn`, dhvsvb dh}fynn` ~hbl }nmhe inh h~h

vblehsehb mfblhb eh}h$eh}h" ]fydhve mh`hd dfb~f`fhnehb sfbv`nhb

eynsn nbn, fgnbllh hbhbmh inh dfbahmn hyahbh"

9" Ihshe Sykj" My" G" Ndhd _vsyh~klk, f`hev Yfe}ky Vbnzfyn}h N`hdBflfyn Dh`hbl"

?" Ihshe Sykj" My" G" D" Mavbhnmn Lgkb~, f`hev Mfehb Jhev`}h ]hyin~hgVbnzfyn}h N`hd Bflfyn Dh`hbl"

=" Ihshe My" Dkg" Shmn`, D" Sm"N, f`hev Ef}vh Avyvhb Sfbmnmnehb HlhdhN`hd + Jhev`}h ]hyin~hg Vbnzfyn}h N`hd Bflfyn Dh`hbl feh`nlv

sfdindinbl eynsn, ~hbl }f`hg dfdsfydvmhg ah`hb sfbv`n dfbvav on}h$

on}h mhb ghyhshb dhh mfshb"

6" Ihshe EG" D" Hmhd Hynj Eghb, f`hev Sfblhvg Skbmke Sfhb}yfb H`$Hynjnb Mfbhb~hy$Akdihbl, ~hbl }f`hg dfdifynehb nqnb mhb ifyihlhn

efdvmhghb ihln sfbv`n vb}ve df`hevehb sfbf`n}nhb mn `fdihlh }fyfiv}"


11/132

w

:" Ehehe$eheheev, Vdykg Dhgjvmgkg, Yknmhg \hg~vbn, Dvj`ngh}v` Jvhmhg,mhb efskbhehbev, Jnymhvn Bvqv`h Bvymnhbh 'Jnymh., Ohdn``h _h`hin`h

Yhgdhmnhb '_hh. mhb Qfbfmnbf Qv`jh Hgdhm Jhgyfqn 'Mfbn., ~hbl }f`hg

dfdifynehb sfygh}nhb avlh ehng h~hbl efshmhev mh`hd dfb~f`fhnehb

}vmn mn VNB Dh`hbl nbn"


12/132

wn

MHJ]HY N_N

Gh`hdhb

GH@HDHB AVMV@ """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" n

@FDIHY SFBLHAVHB """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" nn

GH@HDHB BK]H MNBH_ SFDINDINBL """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" nnn

@FDIHY SFBLF_HGHB """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" nz

GH@HDHB DK]]K """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" z

GH@HDHB SFY_FDIHGHB """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" zn

@FDIHY SFYB^H]HHB """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""" znn

HI_]YHE """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" znnn

EH]H SFBLHB]HY """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" w

MHJ]HY N_N """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" wnn

IHI N SFBMHGV@VHB

H" @h}hy If`hehbl Dhh`hg """ 8I" Yvdvhb Dhh`hg " 7O" ]vavhb Sfbf`n}nhb "" >M" Dhbjhh} Sfbf`n}nhb " >F" Yvhbl @nblevs Sfbf`n}nhb 88J" _n}fdh}neh Sfbf`n}nhb mhb Sfbv`nhb "" 88

IHI NN EHANHB ]FKYN

H" ]nbahvhb ]fb}hbl E~hn mhb _hb}yn " 8=8" Sfblfy}nhb E~hn ' F`n} Hlhdh . mhb _hb}yn """"""""""""" 8=9" E~hn, Sfhb}yfb, mhb _hb}yn 9??" Sfyhb E~hn Mh`hd Dfbnbleh}ehb Evh`n}h Sfbmnmnehb


13/132

wnn

N`hd Shmh _hb}yn 97

I" ]nbahvhb ]fb}hbl Evh`n}h Sfbmnmnehb N`hd ?=8" Sfblf}hgvhb ]fb}hbl Evh`n}h Sfbmnmnehb N`hd "" ?=9" _}hbmhy h}hv Shyhdf}fy Sfbmnmnehb N`hd ^hbl

Ifyevh`n}h """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" =8

?" Ekdskbfb Sfbmnmnehb N`hd ^hbl Ifyevh`n}h " =9" ]vavhb Sfbmnmnehb N`hd 68?" Sfbmnmnehb N`hd Mh`hd Sfdnenyhb Shyh Hg`n """"""" 66=" Sfblfy}nhb mhb _fahyhg Skbmke Sfhb}yfb

mn Nbmkbfnh """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" ::

6" Skbmke Sfhb}yfb _fihlhn @fdihlh Sfbmnmnehb N`hdmhb Ekb}ynivnb~h Mh`hd Sfbmnmnehb Bhnkbh` "


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wnnn

H" Sfb~hanhb Mh}h mhb ]fdvhb Ghn` Sfbf`n}nhb >3I" Hbh`nn Mh}h mhb Sfdihghhb Ghn` Sfbf`n}nhb 837

IHI Z SFBV]VS

H" Efndsv`hb "" "" 88?I" _hyhb$_hyhb 886

MHJ]HY SV_]HEH

@HDSNYHB$@HDSNYHB


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8

IHI N

SFBMHGV@VHB

H" @h}hy If`hehbl Dhh`hg

_fahyhg sfbmnmnehb N`hd mn Nbmkbfnh }nmhe }fy`fsh mhyn sfyhb sfhb}yfb,

mndhbh mnn}v, fkyhbl ~hbl mnfiv} fihlhn e~hn + enhn + en~hn, dfbmnmne mhb

dfdindinbl shyh hb}yn hlhy dfbahmn dhbvnh ifyndhb, ifyn`dv, mhb ifyheg`hev`

ehyndhg" Mnhdsnbl n}v sfhb}yfb hmh`hg `fdihlh sfbmnmnehb N`hd }fy}vh mn

Nbmkbfnh" Sfhb}yfb h}hv skbmke sfhb}yfb fbmnyn hmh`hg `fdihlh sfbmnmnehb

N`hd ~hbl fevyhbl$evyhblb~h dfdn`nen ? vbvy, ~hn}v e~hn ~hbl dfbmnmne mhb

dfblhahy, hb}yn ~hbl if`hahy, mhb dhanm + dvgk``h fihlhn }fdsh} dfblhan"8

H}hv f}nmheb~h skbmke sfhb}yfb dfdsvb~hn `ndh f`fdfb, ~hn}v1 skbmke,

dhanm, hb}yn, sfblhahyhb en}hi$en}hi e`hne, mhb e~hn"9

Sfhb}yfb dfdsvb~hn sfyhb }yh}fln mh`hd sfbmnmnehb mn Nbmkbfnh fahe

fyh \h`nkblk egvvb~h gnbllh hh} nbn" \h`hvsvb fihlhn `fdihlh sfbmnmnehb

bkb jkydh`, bhdvb sfhb}yfb }f`hg dfdifynehb ekb}ynivn ~hbl `vhy inhh mh`hd

dfbofymhehb efgnmvshb ihblh mhb dfblvny sfbahahg mhyn bflfyn }fyonb}h nbn"

Efdhdsvhb shyh `v`vhb sfhb}yfb yh}h$yh}h avlh inh df`fingn `v`vhb

sfbmnmnehb jkydh` ehyfbh dfyfeh mninbh mhb mnlfdi`fbl `hblvbl k`fg fkyhbl

e~hn, ~hn}v fkyhbl hg`n hlhdh mhb hg`n mh`hd inmhbl `hnbb~h" Yfh`n}h ~hbl hmh,

sfhb}yfb ihb~he df`hgnyehb }kekg$}kekg sfavhbl + shg`h|hb mhb }kekg$}kekg

8Mfshy}fdfb Hlhdh YN, Sfmkdhb Sfdinbhhb Skbmke Sfhb}yfb, Mn}afb Inbihlh N`hd, Ahehy}h,

8>77, gh`" 7"9

Qhdheg~hyn Mgkjnfy, ]yhmnn Sfhb}yfb _}vmn ]fb}hbl Shbmhblhb Gnmvs E~hn, @S?F_, Ahehy}h,

8>>3, gh`" =="


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9

ihblh ~hbl }nmhe mnyhlvehb `hln efdhdsvhb dfyfeh mh`hd ifyihlhn inmhbl

f`hnb n`dv hlhdh"

]nmhe fmnen} sv`h dfyfeh ~hbl ghb~h dfblf~hd sfbmnmnehb sfhb}yfb

}hbsh dfblfb~hd sfbmnmnehb jkydh` }nmhe inh dhve + mn}fyndh mh`hd `fdihlh$

`fdihlh jkydh` ehyfbh }fyefbmh`h ~hyh} jkydh` ifyvsh nahqhg mhb `hnbb~h,

|h`hvsvb fifbhyb~h dfyfeh dfdn`nen efdhdsvhb efn`dvhb df`fingn h`vdbn

sfbmnmnehb jkydh`, egvvb~h mh`hd gh` n`dv hlhdh"

Sfyhb sfhb}yfb mh`hd sfbmnmnehb mn Nbmkbfnh mhb dfdinbh vdh} }nmhe

inh mn`fshehb mhyn kke ~hbl mnfiv} fihlhn e~hn" Sfhb}yfb mhb e~hn hmh`hg

mvh gh` ~hbl }nmhe inh mn`fshehb ifln}v hah, nihyh} mvh nn dh}h vhbl ~hbl

ifyehn}hb fyh} h}v hdh `hnb" E~hn hmh`hg sfdndsnb sfhb}yfb h}hv skbmke

sfhb}yfb" Skbmke fbmnyn hmh`hg }fdsh} }nbllh` shyh hb}yn, mhb sfhb}yfb hmh`hg

hb}yn n}v fbmnyn" _kke e~hn hblh} mngkydh}n mhb dfbmhsh} }fdsh} n}ndf|h

mh`hd dh~hyheh} ehyfbh dfyfeh mnhbllhs fihlhn dhbvnh ~hbl ifyn`dv

feh`nlv ifyndhb"

E~hn mnfiv} avlh fihlhn v`hdh mh`hd ekb}fe ~hbl `fing `vh" E~hn hmh`hg

fiv}hb ~hbl mnsfyvb}veehb ihln v`hdh }yhmnnkbh` mn sv`hv Ah|h, |h`hvsvb

fehyhbl nbn n}n`hg e~hn mnlvbhehb fohyh lfbfyne 'vdvd. ihln fdvh v`hdh,

ihne }yhmnnkbh` dhvsvb dkmfybn, mn sv`hv Ah|h dhvsvb `vhy Ah|h"? Sfy`v

mn}fehbehb mnnbn ihg|h kke e~hn mh`hd dfdindinbl, dfdinbh, mhb

dfblfdihblehb sfbmnmnehb N`hd shmh shyh hb}ynb~h ifysfblhyvg ifhy ihln

sfbnbleh}hb evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb N`hd shmh dh~hyheh} Nbmkbfnh"

?EG" Himvyyhgdhb \hgnm, Dfdf`nghyh Vdh}, Enhn Sfhb}yfb$Enhn @hbllhy mn Ah|h

'Mnymakhbak}k, 8>>>, wnnn."


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?

Sfbmnmnehb N`hd fbmnyn hmh`hg vhgh dfblvihg }nblehg `hev nbmnznmv

mh`hd efgnmvshb synihmnb~h h}hv efgnmvshb efdh~hyheh}hbb~h mhb efgnmvshb

mh`hd h`hd fen}hyb~h df`h`vn sykf efsfbmnmnehb"=

H}hv fihlhn indinblhb

}fyghmhs sfy}vdivghb ykghbn mhb ahdhbn dfbvyv} hahyhb N`hd mfblhb gnedhg

dfblhyhgehb, dfblhahyehb, df`h}ng, dfblhvg, mhb dfblh|hn ify`hevb~h

fdvh hahyhb N`hd"6

Sfbmnmnehb N`hd hblh} mnsfy`vehb ihln dh~hyheh}

Nbmkbfnh ~hbl dh~kyn}h ifyhlhdh N`hd" Sfbmnmnehb N`hd mh`hd shbmhblhb

sfbv`n hmh`hg fdvh sfbmnmnehb ~hbl hmh, fy}h mn`hbmhn mhb h}hv ifybhjhehb

vdify hahyhb N`hd 'H`$Xvyhb mhb H$_vbbhg." Hy}nb~h fdvh mnns`nb n`dv

ihne n}v n`dv hlhdh fbmnyn, dh}fdh}neh, hnb, dhb}nx, df}hjnneh, mhb avlh

}febk`kln, fdvhb~h gheneh}b~h dfyvshehb sfbmnmnehb N`hd" _fmhblehb

Sfbmnmnehb Hlhdh N`hd 'SHN. dfbohevs henmhg + }hvgnm, heg`he, vivmn~hg,

dvhdh`hg, mhb avlh gvevd$gvevd N`hd h}hv jnxg"

Evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb N`hd fbmnyn hmh`hg sfbmnmnehb N`hd ~hbl mhsh}

dfdifynehb bn`hn }hdihg ihne ifyvsh n`dv, heg`he, dhvsvb hdh` h}hv hs`nehnb~h

mh`hd efgnmvshb fghyn$ghyn, h`nh ifydhbjhh} ihln sfbvb}v}b~h" Mfblhb

sfbmnmnehb N`hd ~hbl ifbhy mhb ifyevh`n}h, nbmnznmv$nbmnznmv ~hbl ifyhmhi

hehb }fyifb}ve ~hbl hegnyb~h dfdvbov`ehb efgnmvshb knh` ~hbl ifydkyh`"

Evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb h}hv sfbmnmnehb N`hd mhsh} mn}fb}vehb k`fg ififyhsh jhe}ky

mnhb}hyhb~h hmh`hg jhn`n}h ~hbl dfdhmhn h}hv yfsyffb}h}nj, evh`n}h sfblhahy

~hbl dvdsvbn, fy}h mnmvevbl k`fg ivmh~h mnns`nb mhb snyn}vh` mh`hd

`nblevblhb sfbmnmnehb }fyfiv}"

= Sykj" My" Kdhy Dvghddhm H`$]kvb~ h`$_~hfihbn mh`hd Jn`hjh} Sfbmnmnehb N`hd, Sykj" G"

Dvqh~~nb Hynjnb, D"Fm, Ivdn Hehyh, Ahehy}h, 933?, gh`" 86"6

Efsv}vhb _fdnbhy Sfbmnmnehb N`hd f$Nbmkbfnh mn Onsh~vbl$Iklky, < 88 Dfn 8>:3"


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=

Efihb~hehb nb}n}vn$nb}n}vn sfbmnmnehb, egvvb~h nb}n}vn sfbmnmnehb

N`hd, |h`hvsvb dfdn`nen evh`n}h mhb jhn`n}h bhdvb if`vd dfdsykmven

nbmnznmv$nbmnznmv ~hbl ifyhmhi, ehyfbh znn dnn sfbmnmnehb ~hbl dfblhyhg

efshmh }fyifb}veb~h dhbvnh ifyhmhi }fyhihnehb mh`hd }vavhb nb}n}vn

sfbmnmnehb" Sfbfehbhb efshmh sfb}nblb~h hbhe mnmne vsh~h gnmvs mfblhb bn`hn$

bn`hn efihnehb, snyn}vh`, mhb dkyh`n}h fsfy}n }fyhihnehb" Ihgehb ekbmnn

fih`neb~h ~hbl }fyahmn"

_hh} nbn ihb~he nb}n}vn$nb}n}vn sfbmnmnehb }f`hg dfbahmn nbmv}yn inbn

~hbl dfdn`nen znn dnn ~hbl ofbmfyvbl ifynjh} syhldh}n" Sfbmnmnehb ihb~he

mnhyhgehb vb}ve df`hgnyehb nbmnznmv$nbmnznmv syhldh}n ~hbl ifefyah vb}ve

dfyhng efvefhb dh}fyn mhb sykjfn knh` ~hbl hehb dfdhedvyehb mnyn,

sfyvhghhb, avlh bflhyh" Sfbmnmnehb mnshbmhbl fohyh fekbkdn mhb mnhbllhs

fihlhn fivhg nbzf}hn" Efmvmvehb mhb lf`hy mnhbllhs fihlhn }vavhb v}hdh

mhb nblnb fofsh}b~h vsh~h dkmh` h}hv mhbh ~hbl mnef`vhyehb f`hdh nbn vb}ve

sfbmnmnehb dfbvhn efvb}vblhb" Eh`hv n}fd sfbmnmnehb }f}hs fsfy}n nbn,

feh`nsvb hehb dfdsykmven hbhe mnmne ~hbl dfdn`nen }h}v sfbmnmnehb ~hbl

}nblln, bhdvb }h}vb~h n}v }nmhe dfbahdnb dfyfeh fihlhn nbmnznmv$nbmnznmv

~hbl ifyhmhi" Sfbmnmnehb ~hbl ify}vavhb syhldh}n mhb fekbkdn fifbhyb~h

dfyvshehb sfblhyvg mhyn shyhmnldh sfbmnmnehb ihyh} ~hbl fev`hy":

Sfbmnmnehb N`hd ~hbl ifyevh`n}h mnghyhsehb dhdsv df`hgnyehb nbmnznmv$

nbmnznmv ~hbl ihne, ifydkyh`, ifyevh`n}h, fgnbllh ifydhbjhh} efshmh mnynb~h,

ef`vhylhb~h, dh~hyheh}b~h, bflhyhb~h, mhb vdh} dhbvnh fohyh eff`vyvghb"

:Ninm"


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6

]vavhb v}hdh sfbmnmnehb N`hd hmh`hg dfbohyn ynm`k H``hg _\], ivehb

sfbmnmnehb syhldh}n fsfy}n sfbaf`hhb mnh}h" _fifbhyb~h sfbmnmnehb N`hd

dfdn`nen }vavhb ~hbl `fing ekdsyfgfbnj mhb nb}flyh}nj mnihbmnbl mfblhb n}fd

sfbmnmnehb fev`hy ~hbl fdh}h$dh}h ghb~h dfblghn`ehb hbhe mnmne ~hbl

ifyshyhmnldh syhldh}n"

Sfyhb e~hn mnnbn hblh} dfbfb}vehb mh`hd dfblfdihblehb mhb

dfbnbleh}ehb evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb N`hd efshmh shyh hb}yn egvvb~h mn skbmke

sfhb}yfb ~hbl mnhvgb~h" Skbmke sfhb}yfb fbmnyn }f`hg ihb~he df`hgnyehb

_vdify Mh~h Dhbvnh '_MD. ~hbl ghbmh` mhb dhdsv ifysfyhb mhb

ifyekdsf}nn mh`hd mvbnh l`kih`" Dnh`b~h sfhb}yfb ~hbl }fyefbh` mn Nbmkbfnh,

~hn}v Skbmke Sfhb}yfb Dkmfyb Mhyvh`hd, Lkb}ky$Skbkyklk, ~hbl df`hgnyehb

ififyhsh h`vdbn ~hbl }fyefbh`, ~hn}v1 EG" Gh~nd Dvqhmn 'Ef}vh Vdvd

SIBV., Sykj" My" G" Mnb _~hdvmmnb 'Ef}vh Vdvd SS" Dvghddhmn~hg *

\hen` Ef}vh Vdvd DVN., My" G" Gnmh~h} Bvy \hgnm 'Ef}vh DSY$YN., mhbH`d"

Sykj" My" Bvyogk`ng Dhmanm 'Ofbmfenh|hb Dv`nd."


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:

hyfbh sk`n}ne h}hv dfbahmn fkyhbl sk`n}nn avlh f`n} shy}hn, fy}h shmh `fdihlh

fefev}nj, `fdihlh `fln`h}nj 'MSY+DSY h}hv MSYM., mfblhb }nmhe `hln

dfdnenyehb vdh} mhb ~hbl `fing sfb}nbl `hln, dfdnenyehb hb}yn ~hbl dfbvb}v}

n`dv mn skbmke + sfhb}yfbb~h"

]fb}v hah, }nmhe fdvh e~hn dfbahmn sk`n}nn h}hv f`n} sk`n}ne fsfy}n

sfbaf`hhb mnh}h" Gh` n}v hg$hg mhb ik`fg$ik`fg$ik`fg hah, hh`ehb }nmhe

df`vshehb ef|hanihbb~h ~hebn fihlhn sfdinbh dkyh` vdh} mhb dfdindinbl

h}hv dfbmnmne shyh hb}ynb~h mn sfhb}yfbb~h dhnbl$dhnbl" In`h }nmhe

mfdnenhb, dheh evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb mhb sfbmnmnehb N`hd shyh hb}yn }fb}v hehb

dfblh`hdn efdfykk}hb mhb ghn`b~h ifyifmh hb}hyh mnhvg fbmnyn k`fg hbl e~hn

mfblhb mnfyhgehb efshmh kyhbl `hnb h}hv mnfiv} fihlhn v}hmq, ehyfbh

vdvdb~h evh`n}h dfyfeh ifyifmh"

_f`h~heb~h in`h shyh e~hn mhsh} dfdjkevehb mnyn mh`hd mvbnh hlhdh mhb

sfbmnmnehb, dnbndh` mn sfhb}yfbb~h fbmnyn mhb vdvdb~h shmh dh~hyheh} ~hbl

`fing `vh" Ehyfbh mfblhb n}v sfyhb e~hn mhb sfhb}yfbb~h hehb nev} hbmn`

dfdhavehb sfbmnmnehb mn Nbmkbfnh mh`hd yhbleh dfbons}hehb _MD$_MD ~hbl

ghbmh` mhb ekdsf}fb mh`hd ifyihlhn inmhbl" Hsh`hln mfblhb ehyndh 'sfblhyvg.

~hbl mndn`nen, fkyhbl e~hn ~hbl ekbn}fb mfblhb sfyavhblhbb~h hehb f`h`v

mnmfblhy mhb mn}vyv}n bhfgh}$bhfgh}b~h k`fg dh~hyheh} lvbh dfdsfyihnen

ekbmnn vdh} ~hbl }fysvyve mhb dfblh`hdn mfehmfbn dkyh` fsfy}n fehyhbl nbn"

Ehyndh ~hbl mndn`nen k`fg fkyhbl e~hn dfyvshehb h`hg efevh}hb ~hbl mhsh}

dfbons}hehb sfblhyvg mh`hd dh~hyheh}"7

7Himvy Ykqhen '933=, 7


21/132

ivhg

mfblhb avd`hg hb}yn 7 av}h kyhbl"83 ]fb}v hh} nbn '9337?, 7"


22/132

7

Sfyhb fkyhbl e~hn, egvvb~h mh`hd gh` dfbnbleh}ehb evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb

N`hd efshmh shyh hb}ynb~h, dheh fohyh `hblvbl dhvsvb }nmhe hehb mhsh}

dfbnbleh}ehb sv`h evh`n}h + dv}v sfbmnmnehb N`hd mn Nbmkbfnh mh`hd yhbleh

dfbof}he dhbvnh ifyndhb, ifyn`dv, mhb ifyheg`hev` ehyndhg, fy}h mhsh}

dfbahmn }hv`hmhb mhb sfdndsnb dhh mfshb ihln ihblh, Bflhyh, mhb hlhdh"

Dheh mhyn n}v`hg sfbv`n hehb dfblhbleh} }fdh Sfyhb E~hn Mh`hd

Dfbnbleh}ehb Evh`n}h Sfbmnmnehb N`hd Shmh _hb}yn mn Skbmke Sfhb}yfb

H`$Hynjnb Mfbhb~hy$Akdihbl, vb}ve dfbllh`n mhb dfblf}hgvn `fing

dfbmh`hd mhb mf}hn` ihlhndhbh sf`hehbhhb sfbmnmnehb N`hd mn `fdihlh

}fyfiv} fy}h ihlhndhbh sfyhb fkyhbl e~hn mh`hd dfblhvg sfhb}yfb +

hb}ynb~h lvbh dfbnbleh}ehb evh`n}h vdify mh~h dhbvnh" Gh` nbn ify}vavhb

vb}ve dfdsfyk`fg k`vn feh`nlv nbkzhn + }fykikhb$}fykikhb ~hbl inh

mn`hevehb mh`hd vsh~h sfbnbleh}hb evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb N`hd mn Nbmkbfnh"

I" Yvdvhb Dhh`hg

Ifymhhyehb `h}hy if`hehbl ~hbl sfbv`n shshyehb mnh}h, dheh

sfydhh`hghb ~hbl mhsh} mnyvdvehb hmh`hg fihlhn ifynev} 1

8" Ihlhndhbh sf`hehbhhb sfbmnmnehb N`hd mn Skbmke Sfhb}yfb H`$HynjnbMfbhb~hy$Akdihbl ;

9"

Ihlhndhbh sfyhb e~hn mh`hd dfbnbleh}ehb evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb N`hd shmh

hb}yn mn Skbmke Sfhb}yfb H`$Hynjnb Mfbhb~hy$Akdihbl ;


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O" ]vavhb Sfbf`n}nhb

Hmhsvb }vavhb sfbf`n}nhb ~hbl nblnb mnohshn k`fg sfbv`n hmh`hg fihlhn

ifynev} 1

8" Vb}ve dfblf}hgvn sf`hehbhhb sfbmnmnehb N`hd mn Skbmke Sfhb}yfb H`$Hynjnb Mfbhb~hy$Akdihbl"

9" Vb}ve dfblf}hgvn sfyhb e~hn mh`hd dfbnbleh}ehb evh`n}h sfbmnmnehbN`hd shmh hb}yn mn Skbmke Sfhb}yfb H`$Hynjnb Mfbhb~hy$Akdihbl"

M" Dhbjhh} Sfbf`n}nhb

Hmhsvb dhbjhh} mhyn sfbf`n}nhb nbn hmh`hg fihlhn ifynev} 1

8" Ihln Sfbf`n}n 1 Vb}ve dfbhdihg |h|hhb }fb}hbl e~hn, hb}yn, mhb mvbnh sfhb}yfb" _fihlhn ihghb sfblf}hgvhb ihlhndhbh sfyhb fkyhbl e~hn mh`hd

dfbnbleh}ehb evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb N`hd shmh hb}ynb~h"

_fihlhn ekb}ynivn }fyehn} sfblfdihblhb sfbmnmnehb N`hd mn sfhb}yfbshmh dhh ~hbl hehb mh}hbl"

9" Ihln Skbmke Sfhb}yfb 1 _fihlhn ihghb fzh`vhn mh`hd dfbnbleh}ehb evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb N`hd shmh

hb}yn mhyn fkyhbl e~hn"

_fihlhn ihghb hovhb vb}ve dfblfdihblehb sfbmnmnehb N`hd shmh

egvvb~h mhb sfbmnmnehb shmh vdvdb~h mn `fdihlh nbn"


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83

?" Ihln Shyh _hb}yn 1 Vb}ve dfbhdihg |h|hhb fy}h sfblf}hgvhb }fb}hbl sfyhb e~hnb~h mh`hd

dfbnbleh}ehb evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb N`hd shmhb~h"

_fihlhn ihghb fzh`vhn }fb}hbl ef`finghb mhb efevyhblhb e~hnb~h mh`hdsfblfdihblhb mhb sfbnbleh}hb sfbmnmnehb N`hd mn sfhb}yfb }fyfiv}"

Vb}ve dfbhdihg dk}nzhn if`hahy hb}yn mh`hd dfbnbleh}ehb evh`n}hsfbmnmnehb N`hd mn sfhb}yfb }fyfiv}"

=" Ihln Dh~hyheh} 1 Dfbahmn ihghb sfblf}hgvhb dfblfbhn sfyhb, efmvmvehb mhb jnlvy fkyhbl

e~hn mh`hd dfdinbh sfbmnmnehb N`hd efshmh shyh hb}ynb~h"

Dfbahmn ihghb sfy}ndihblhb ihln shyh kyhbl }vh mh`hd dfdn`ng sfhb}yfbihln hbheb~h"

6" Ihln Sfdfynb}hg 1 _fihlhn ihghb efinahehb }fb}hbl sfblfdihblhb sfbmnmnehb N`hd mh`hd

mvbnh sfhb}yfb mn }hbhg hny"

_fihlhn ihghb sfy}ndihblhb }fb}hbl vylfbnb~h sfbmnmnehb N`hd mnsfhb}yfb ~hbl avd`hgb~h ihb~he }fyfihy mn sfbavyv bflfyn nbn"

Vb}ve dfbfb}vehb `hblehg$`hblehg mh`hd vsh~h sfbnbleh}hb evh`n}hsfbmnmnehb N`hd lvbh dfdsfyihnen dkyh` vdh} ~hbl dfykk} hegny$hegny

nbn, fvhn mfblhb }vavhb sfbmnmnehb bhnkbh`"


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88

F" Yvhbl @nblevs Sfbf`n}nhbYvhbl `nblevs dfyvshehb ih}hhb ihln sfbf`n}n vb}ve dfyhbohbl +

dfbmfhnb sfbf`n}nhb fvhn mfblhb yvdvhb dhh`hg ~hbl }f`hg mn}f}hsehb mhb

dfbahmnehb sfbf`n}nhb }fyfiv} shmh }n}ne jkev hdshn f`fhnb~h sf`hehbhhb

sfbf`n}nhb" Mndhbh sfbf`n}n dfb~f`nmnen mhb dfdihgh fohyh mf}hn` flh`h

fvh}v ~hbl ifygvivblhb mfblhb sfbf`n}nhb nbn" Mfblhb hmhb~h yvhbl `nblevs

sfbf`n}nhb }fyfiv}, dheh hehb dfdsfydvmhg sykf sfbf`n}nhb, dfbfb}vehb

df}kmf hdshn shmh }hghi yfsky}'sf`hskyhb."88

Hmhsvb mh`hd sfbf`n}nhb nbn, yvhbl `nblevsb~h hmh`hg shmh sfykh`hb

Sfyhb E~hn Mh`hd Dfbnbleh}ehb Evh`n}hs Sfbmnmnehb Ns`hd Shmh _hb}yn mn

Skbmke Sfshb}yfb H`$Hynjnb Mfbhb~hy$Akdihbl"

J" _n}fdh}neh Sfbf`n}nhb mhb Sfbv`nhbMh`hd sfb~vvbhb eynsn nbn, sfbv`n dfbllvbhehb sfbf`n}nhb `hshblhb

mfblhb sfbmfeh}hb evh`n}h}nj fy}h dfbfehbehb shmh efevh}hb hbh`nn mh}h$mh}h

mhyn vdify ~hbl hmh, gh` nbn hehb mnaf`hehb `fing `hbav} shmh ihi }fb}hbl df}kmf

sfbf`n}nhb" _fmhblehb mh`hd gh` sfbv`nhb, sfbv`n dfdihln h}h ififyhsh ihi"

Shmh }nhs$}nhs ihi mnihln h}h ififyhsh vi$ihi ~hbl nnb~h h}v mfblhb ~hbl `hnb

h`nbl dfdn`nen ekyf`hn h}hv ef}fyehn}hb, vsh~h dvmhg vb}ve mnshghdn" Hmhsvb

n}fdh}neh sfbv`nhb eynsn nbn hmh`hg fihlhn ifynev} 1

88]h}hbl D" Hdnynb, 8>7:"


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89

z IHI N Sfbmhgv`vhb, ~hbl ifynn `h}hy if`hehbl dhh`hg, yvdvhbdhh`hg, }vavhb sfbf`n}nhb, dhbjhh} sfbf`n}nhb, yvhbl `nblevs

sfbf`n}nhb, fy}h n}fdh}neh sfbf`n}nhb mhb sfbv`nhb"

z IHI NN Ehanhb ]fkyn, ~hbl dfbaf`hehb ? skeke dhh`hg, ~hn}v1Sfy}hdh, ]nbahvhb }fb}hbl e~hn mhb hb}yn, df`nsv}n sfblfy}nhb

e~hn 'F`n} Hlhdh. mhb hb}yn, e~hn, sfhb}yfb, mhb hb}yn, mhb sfyhb

e~hn mh`hd dfbnbleh}ehb evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb N`hd shmh hb}yn"

Efmvh, ]nbahvhb }fb}hbl evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb N`hd, df`nsv}n

sfblf}hgvhb }fb}hbl evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb N`hd, }hbmhy h}hv

shyhdf}fy sfbmnmnehb N`hd ~hbl ifyevh`n}h, mhb ekdskbfb

sfbmnmnehb N`hd ~hbl ifyevh`n}h" Ef}nlh, ]nbahvhb }fb}hbl

sfbmnmnehb N`hd mn skbmke sfhb}yfb, df`nsv}n sfblfy}nhb

sfbmnmnehb N`hd, }vavhb sfbmnmnehb N`hd, sfbmnmnehb N`hd

mh`hd sfdnenyhb shyh hg`n, sfblfy}nhb mhb fahyhg skbmke

sfhb}yfb mn Nbmkbfnh, skbmke sfhb}yfb fihlhn `fdihlh

sfbmnmnehb N`hd mhb ekb}ynivnb~h mh`hd sfbmnmnehb bhnkbh`,

mhb sf`hehbhhb sfbmnmnehb N`hd mn skbmke sfhb}yfb"

z IHI NNN Df}kmf Sfbf`n}nhb, ~hbl dfdvh} }fb}hbl sfbmfeh}hb mhb afbnsfbf`n}nhb, sfyhb sfbf`n}n, `kehn sfbf`n}nhb, vdify mh}h, }febne

sfblvdsv`hb mh}h, mhb hbh`nn mh}h"


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8?

z IHI NZ @hskyhb Ghn` Sfbf`n}nhb, ~hbl dfdvh} }fb}hbl sfb~hanhb mh}hmhb }fdvhb ghn` sfbf`n}nhb fy}h hbh`nn mh}h mhb sfdihghhb

ghn` sfbf`n}nhb"

z IHI Z Sfbv}vs, df`nsv}n efndsv`hb mhb hyhb$hyhb"


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8=

IHI NN

EHANHB ]FKYN

H" ]nbahvhb ]fb}hbl E~hn mhb _hb}yn

8" Sfblfy}nhb E~hn 'F`n} Hlhdh. mhb _hb}yn

Dfbvyv} EG" Himvyyhgdhb \hgnm 'Lv Mvy. mh`hd ivev Dfdf`nghyh

Vdh}, Enhn Sfhb}yfb$Enhn @hbllhy mn Ah|h, ihg|h mvbnh e~hn + enhn + en~hn

hmh`hg mvbnh ~hbl sfbvg mfblhb efyvdn}hb, hshin`h mn`ngh} mhyn vmv} shbmhbl

~hbl ifyifmh$ifmh"8

Ehyfbhb~h hblh} v`n} vb}ve df`hevehb lfbfyh`nhn h}h

ef`kdske v`hdh }yhmnnkbh` ~hbl hmh mn dh~hyheh} ihblh en}h nbn" Dfbvyv} hh`$

vv`b~h, sfyeh}hhb e~hn mh`hd ihghh Ah|h mnshehn vb}ve }nlh afbn lf`hy ~hbl

h`nbl ifyifmh, ~hn}v 19

h" _fihlhn lf`hy efgkydh}hb ihln ihyhbl$ihyhbl ~hbl mnhbllhs efyhdh},dnh`b~h Enhn Lhyvmh Efbohbh, mnshehn vb}ve efyf}h fdh ~hbl hmh mn

Efyh}kb kl~hehy}h"

i" Lf`hy efgkydh}hb vb}ve kyhbl$kyhbl }vh shmh vdvdb~h"o" Lf`hy ~hbl mnifynehb k`fg dh~hyheh} efshmh fkyhbl hg`n hlhdh N`hd

~hbl dfdn`nen h}hv dfbahmn sndsnbhb skbmke sfhb}yfb mhb dfblhahy en}hi$

en}hi N`hd efshmh shyh hb}ynb~h" _f`hnb n}v lf`hy e~hn avlh fynbl mnfiv}

kyhbl h`nd 'kyhbl ~hbl mh`hd sfblf}hgvhb hlhdh N`hdb~h."

E~hn avlh mnfiv} f`n} hlhdh" N}n`hg f`n} ifyhh` mhyn ihghh Nbllyn

f`n}f ~hbl avlh ifyhh` mhyn ihghh @h}nb f`nlfyf, ~hbl ifyhy}n dfdn`ng"

8 Mnyamakhbak}k, 8>>>1 wnnn"9

Qv`jn Dvihyhx, Ekbsnyhn Sk`n}ne F`n} ]yhmnnkbh` mn Fyh Yfjkydhn, Hmn}~h Dfmnh, ^kl~hehy}h,

933:, gh`" ?6$?:"


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86

N}n`hg f`n} mnlvbhehb shmh hihm ef$8


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8:

dhvsvb bhhi 'ef}vyvbhb." Gh` nbn vb}ve dfbvbaveehb ihg|h hbl v`hdh

}fyfiv} dfdsvb~hn efevh}hb snyn}vh` ~hbl }nblln"6

_f`hnb n}v, }fymhsh} fiv}hb E~hn, ~hbl dfyvshehb lf`hy efgkydh}hb ihln

shyh v`hdh shmh vdvdb~h" K`fg ehyfbh n}v, fynbl mnavdshn mn sfmfhhb mn sv`hv

Ah|h shblln`hb En Hlfbl h}hv 'En Lfmf., avlh E~hn Ghan" Lf`hy e~hn

fifbhyb~h ovevs }fygkydh}" Bhdvb fehyhbl nbn ihb~he shyh e~hn ~hbl hblh}

mnyhlvehb lf`hyb~h, ehyfbh }nmhe fvhn mfblhb lf`hy efgkydh}hb n}v ihgehb

iyv}h` mhb ify}fb}hblhb mfblhb bn`hn$bn`hn N`hd, fsfy}n dfdsfyekh h}hv

dfbohiv`n hb}ynb~h, dfban`h} efshmh sfblvhh, h}hvsvb fihlhn sykzkeh}ky

}fyghmhs vdh}" Henih}b~h dh`hg dfyvhe on}yh N`hd n}v fbmnyn, fgnbllh sfy`v

enyhb~h mnsfy}hb~hehb efdih`n, hsh fifbhyb~h e~hn n}v, mhb hsh sv`h eyn}fynhb~h":

Vb}ve dfbah|hi sfy}hb~hhb mnh}h, sfy`v sv`h en}h ndhe sv`h ah|hihb ~hbl

dvbov` mhyn eh`hblhb v`hdh n}v fbmnyn }fb}hbl av`vehb e~hn n}v" Mnhb}hyhb~h hsh

~hbl mnefdvehehb k`fg Sykj" My" G" Ghdeh 'Ghan Himv` Ehynd Hdhyv``hg. mh`hd

dfbah|hi sfy}hb~hhb kyhbl }fb}hbl E~hn mhb Mvevb" Mh`hd gh` nbn, Ghdeh

dfbv`n1 ehdn dfb~fyvehb efshmh sfbhb~h mhb hvmhyh$hvmhyh ~hbl ifydnbh}

hlhy enyhb~h ohyn`hg e~hn$e~hn ~hbl ifbhy$ifbhy dfblfy}n kh` hlhdh N`hd

mfblhb hbfeh yhblehnhb hahyhbb~h, mn hb}hyhb~h }fb}hbl h~h}$h~h} ~hbl ik`fg

mnahmnehb mkh$mkh vb}ve dfbk`he sfb~hen}, `h`v sf`hahyn fgnbllh inh ahmn }hini

vb}ve mnyn fbmnyn" Ehyfbh eh`ndh} e~hn n}v ivehb`hg hy}nb~h fdh}h$dh}h vb}ve

kyhbl ~hbl ifbhy$ifbhy }f`hg dfblfy}n hlhdh N`hd mfblhb flh`h ohihblb~h"

6Ninm"

:Ninm"


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88: }f`hg mnmhsh}n fkyhbl

Onbh }vh mn ehdsvbl Onbh Shmhbl Shbahbl mnfiv} kyhbl E~hn Dheg ]gkbl"

m" Eh}h$eh}h nbn }fymhsh} avlh mn ]ghn`hbm + Dvhbl}ghn '_nhd., v`hdh ifhy

mngkydh}n mnhbh, mhb eh`hblhb kyhbl N`hd mnhbh dfb~fiv}b~h Lvyv

Eyn~hn"

_f}f`hg en}h dfblf}hgvn sfbaf`hhb Ghdeh n}v, sfy`v mnfiv}ehb sv`h mn nbn

ihg|h dhng hmh sv`h fiv}hb e~hn vb}ve gh`$gh` `hnb, mnhb}hyhb~h hmh`hg efyn

h}hv }kdihe mn Efyh}kb _k`k, ihgehb eh}h e~hn n}v vb}ve dfbav`ven efyihv" Mn

Efyh}kb _k`k, hmh efyihv ~hbl mnfiv} E~hn _`hdf}, ~hn}v efyihv ~hbl mnhbllhs

efyhdh} k`fg kyhbl$kyhbl '~hbl }fb}v hah ih}n` dfbvyv} N`hd." Efik 'efyihv.

~hbl mnav`ven E~hn _`hdf} n}v mn`fshehb fohyh ifih ef dhbh$dhbh f}nhs

dh`hd 8 Dvghyyhd h}hv 8 _vyk, dvblenb ehyfbh mn mh`hd iv`hb Dvghyyhd n}v

hmh ghyn ~hbl sfb}nbl shmh ghyn effsv`vg, bhdhb~h H~vyh, ghyn effsv`vg

Dvghyyhd, ~hbl mh`hd N`hd }fydhve ghyn mnvbbhgehbb~h svhh" Gnbllh

efyihv ~hbl mnbhdhn E~hn _`hdf} n}v efdhbh hah }nmhe mnvne, ihgehb hdshn

dfdhehb mhlhblhb h~vyhb mhb fihlhnb~h svb }nmhe mnhsh$hshehb, ehyfbh

dfbvyv} efsfyoh~hhb }hegh~v` '~hbl dfb~ndshbl mhyn N`hd., efyihv n}v ef}neh


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8>

dhehb mhlhblhb }fyfiv} mnhbllhs av}yv hehb blyfafefbn 'dfdifyn yfqfen h}hv

dfdifyehgn." Ahmn E~hn ~hbl ifyvsh efyihv n}v }f`hg mnhbllhs fihlhn dheg`ve

efyhdh}, ~hbl }fb}v hah gh` n}v dfyvshehb h}v afbn sfb~ndshblhb ~hbl ifyihv

efdv~ynehb"

_nhshehg ~hbl ifyghe dfdifyn mhb mnfiv} fihlhn e~hn; Ghdeh }nmhe

dfbfb}vehb, nhsh ~hbl ifyghe dfbav`ven mhb mnav`ven fihlhn e~hn" Ghdeh

dfbah|hi sfy}hb~hhb n}v fihlhn ifynev}1 bhdsheb~h }nmhe hmh vh}v ef}fb}vhb

}fb}hbl nhsh ~hbl ify|fbhbl dfdifynehb lf`hy e~hn" Hshin`h }f`hg inhh mnfiv}

e~hn, `feh} hah`hg lf`hy n}v" Sf`hb}nehbb~h }fb}v }nmhe hmh" K`fg fihi dfdifyn

lf`hy e~hn n}v }nmhe hmh sfyh}vyhbb~h ~hbl }fy}fb}v mhb ghb~h dfbvyv} efvevhb

kyhbl hah mhb mn}fyndh dh~hyheh}"

_fmhblehb hb}yn, hmh`hg fkyhbl hbhe h}hv ffkyhbl ~hbl if`hahy h}hv

dfbvb}v} n`dv shmh fivhg skbmke sfhb}yfb" H}hv fiv}hb ihln shyh n|h ~hbl

if`hahy dfbmh`hdn hlhdh mn sfhb}yfb"7 N}n`hg hb}yn fifbhyb~h dfdsvb~hn mvh

ekbk}hn h}hv sfblfy}nhb" Sfy}hdh, hmh`hg dfyfeh ~hbl }hh} dfbah`hbehb sfynb}hg

hlhdh N`hd" Mh`hd sfblfy}nhb nbn, hb}yn mnifmhehb fohyh ekb}yh mfblhb

dfyfeh ~hbl mnfiv} ef`kdske hihblhb, ~hebn dfyfeh ~hbl `fing mnsfblhyvgn

k`fg bn`hn$bn`hn ivmh~h syh N`hd, egvvb~h ~hbl ifyhh` mhyn dn}nndf Gnbmv

mhb Ivmgh"> Efmvh, hb}yn hmh`hg dfyfeh ~hbl }fblhg dfbvb}v} sfbmnmnehb mn

sfhb}yfb" Efmvhb~h ifyifmh, }f}hsn af`h dfdsvb~hn sfyhdhhb, ~hn}v hdh$

hdh }hh} mh`hd dfbah`hbehb ~hynh} hlhdh N`hd"

7 Skfy|kmhydnb}k, 8>76, gh`" ?


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93

_f`hbav}b~h n}n`hg hb}yn avlh dfbvbave ef`kdske sfbvb}v} n`dv ~hbl inh

mnifmhehb mfblhb eh`hblhb dfyfeh ~hbl mnfiv} dvynm dhmyhhg h}hv n|h

fek`hg, |h`hv dfyfeh hdh$hdh ifyhmh mh`hd `nblevs sfbmnmnehb N`hd"

Sfyifmhhb }fyfiv} hb}hyh `hnb }hdshe hshin`h mnnmfb}neehb mhyn fln yh}h$yh}h vnh

dfyfeh, sykf f`fen dhve ef `fdihlh sfbmnmnehb dhnbl$dhnbl, dh}fyn mhb

n}fd sf`hahyhb ~hbl dfyfeh nev}n, efinhhhb mhb sk`h efgnmvshb fghyn$ghyn, mhb

`nblevblhb if`hahy shmh vdvdb~h"83

@hnb gh`b~h mfblhb dvynm dhmyhhg mhb n|h fek`hg, sfyifmhhb vnh mn

eh`hblhb hb}yn sfhb}yfb }nmhe`hg mnsfykh`ehb" ]nbleh} sfblvhhhb n`dv

}fy}fb}v, avlh }nmhe dfbahmn ~hyh} ihln mn}fyndh h}hv mn}k`heb~h fkyhbl hb}yn

ef}neh sfy}hdh eh`n dfbmhj}hyehb sfy}hdh eh`n ef sfhb}yfb, ehyfbh shmh

vdvdb~h sfhb}yfb }nmhe df`hevehb fdhohd }f h}hv vanhb f`fen dhve ihln

shyh oh`kb hb}ynb~h" Efovh`n fihlnhb sfhb}yfb ~hbl mneh}flkynehb fihlhn

sfhb}yfb dkmfyb, dfdhbl hegny$hegny nbn df`hevehb f`fen }fyfiv}" Vb}ve

afbn sfhb}yfb }yhmnnkbh`, shyh hb}yn ghb~h dfbfyndh inmhbl }vmn efhlhdhhb

fdh}h, dh`hg mfblhb n}fd mhb df}kmf sfblhahyhb ~hbl egh h}hv avlh e`hne,

ifyifmh mfblhb hsh ~hbl mn}fyndh mhb mnh`hdn }fdhb dfyfeh mn dhmyhhg h}hv mn

fek`hg vdvd"

Mnihbmnbl mfblhb dvynm dhmyhhg mhb n|h fek`hg vdvd, efinhhhb mhb

sk`h gnmvs fghyn$ghyn fkyhbl hb}yn, mn}fdvn ihb~he sfyifmhhb" Shmh vdvdb~h,

eh`hblhb hb}yn }fyinhh gnmvs dhbmnyn mfblhb dfbovon mhb dfdhhe dhehbhb

fbmnyn, fmfyghbh mh`hd gh` shehnhb, dfdsfygh}nehb hdh`nhg vbbhg fsfy}n

83Ndhd Ih|hbn, ]yhmnnkbh`ndf Mh`hd Sfbmnmnehb N`hd, H`$Neg`h$_vyhih~h, 8>>3, gh`" >?"


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98

svhh mhb gk`h} dh`hd, hblh} ifygh}n$gh}n, gkydh} mhb }h|hm`v efshmh lvyv +

v}hmq h}hv `fing$`fing efshmh e~hn"88

_fdvh nbn mndvblenbehb, ehyfbh shyh hb}yn

egvvb~h dfyfeh ~hbl }nbllh` mn ekds`fe sfhb}yfb ifyhmh mh`hd vhhbh egh

efhlhdhhb, effmfyghbhhb, efmnns`nbhb, mhb `hblvbl mnih|hg indinblhb shyh

v}hmq dhvsvb e~hn, ~hbl efhmhhb fdhohd nbn ahyhbl mnh`hdn k`fg dvynm

dhmyhhg, hsh`hln n|h fek`hg vdvd"89

_hb}yn mhsh} mnlk`kblehb dfbahmn fdsh} ef`kdske, ~hn}v 18?

8" _hb}yn dvend, ~hn}v hb}yn ~hbl ifymh}hblhb mhyn }fdsh}$}fdsh} ~hbl ahvgmhb }nmhe dfdvblenbehb vb}ve sv`hbl ef yvdhgb~h, dheh nh dkbmke

'}nbllh`. mn hyhdh skbmke sfhb}yfb" _fihlhn hb}yn dvend dfyfeh

dfdn`nen ef|hanihb$ef|hanihb }fy}fb}v"

9" _hb}yn eh`kbl, ~hn}v hb}yn ~hbl ifyhh` mhyn mhfyhg fen}hy skbmkesfhb}yfb mhb dfdvblenbehb dfyfeh sv`hbl ef }fdsh} }nbllh` dhnbl$

dhnbl" _hb}yn eh`kbl nbn dfblnev}n sf`hahyhb mfblhb ohyh sv`hbl sfyln

hb}hyh yvdhgb~h mfblhb skbmke sfhb}yfb"

H}hv zfyn `hnb hmh fdsh} ef`kdske, ~hn}v mn}hdihg 18=

?" _hb}yn h`vdbv, ~hn}v shyh hb}yn ~hbl vmhg }nmhe mhsh} he}nj mh`hdeflnh}hb yv}nb sfhb}yfb }f}hsn dfyfeh dhng fynbl mh}hbl shmh hohyh$hohyh

88 @ngh}, Ehyf` H" _}ffbiynbe, Ks" on}", gh`" 8:"89 @ngh} H|hi Dhghnb, mee, Sfyah`hbhb Hbhe Ihblh, Hvghb mhb _knh`nhn Mh`hd

Sfblvblehshb Mnyn, Ahehy}h" Sfbfyin} @S?F_, of}" N, 8>79, gh`" 9:?$9


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99

nbnmfb}h` mhb }fy}fb}v ~hbl mnhmhehb sfhb}yfb" Dfyfeh dhng dfdn`nen

ekdn}dfb gvivblhb mfblhb sfhb}yfb, }fyv}hdh }fyghmhs e~hn sfhb}yfb"

=" _hb}yn `vhy, ~hn}v hb}yn ~hbl }nmhe }fymhj}hy fohyh yfdn mn sfhb}yfb}fyfiv} mhb }nmhe dfblnev}n eflnh}hb yv}nb sfhb}yfb, fihlhndhbh hb}yn

dvend mhb hb}yn eh`kbl, }f}hsn dfyfeh dfdn`nen gvivblhb ih}nb ~hbl evh}

mhb mfeh} mfblhb e~hn" _f|he}v$|he}v dfyfeh dfblnev}n sfblhanhb$

sfblhanhb hlhdh ~hbl mnifynehb k`fg e~hn mhb dfdifynehb vdihblhb

shy}nnshnj ~hbl }nblln hshin`h sfhb}yfb dfdiv}vgehb fvh}v 'Hynjnb,

8>>?1 771 83>."

Mn mvbnh skbmke sfhb}yfb, inhh avlh }fyahmn fkyhbl hb}yn snbmhg mhyn h}v

skbmke sfhb}yfb ef skbmke sfhb}yfb ~hbl `hnb, f}f`hg fkyhbl hb}yn dfyhh

ovevs `hdh mn vh}v skbmke sfhb}yfb n}v" Inhhb~h efsnbmhghbb~h n}v vb}ve

dfbhdihg mhb dfbmh`hdn vh}v n`dv ~hbl dfbahmn efhg`nhb h}hv sfnh`nhn

fkyhbl e~hn mn skbmke sfhb}yfb }fyfiv}"86

Shmh skbmke sfhb}yfb ~hbl dhng }fylk`kbl }yhmnnkbh`, `hdhb~h hb}yn

ifydvend mn }fdsh} n}v ivehb mn}fb}vehb k`fg vevyhb }hgvb h}hv ef`h, }f}hsn

mnvevy mhyn en}hi ~hbl mnihoh" En}hi$en}hi }fyfiv} hmh ~hbl ifynjh} mhhy,

dfbfblhg, mhb en}hi$en}hi }nblln" _fdhenb }nblln }nbleh}hb en}hi$en}hi n}v, dheh

fdhenb v`n} sv`h vb}ve dfdhghdn nnb~h" Av}yv n}v, mn}vb}v} sfblvhhhb en}hi$

en}hi mhhy mhb dfbfblhg `fing mhgv`v fif`vd dv`hn dfdsf`hahyn en}hi$en}hi

}nblln"

86My" _hnjv` Heg~hy @vin, DH, Ekbf`nbl N`hdn, E~hn * Sfhb}yfb, ^kl~hehy}h, Sfbfyin}

f@_HX Syf, of}" N, Hlv}v 933


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9?

9" E~hn, Sfhb}yfb, mhb _hb}yn

Efifyhmhhb fkyhbl e~hn mh`hd fivhg sfhb}yfb hmh`hg `hehbh ahb}vbl

ihln efgnmvshb dhbvnh" Ifln}v vylfb mhb ffbnh`b~h efmvmvehb e~hn, ehyfbh

mnh`hg sfynb}n, sfbmnyn, sfblf`k`h, sfblhvg, sfdndsnb, mhb }fyehmhbl avlh

sfdn`ne }vbllh` fivhg sfhb}yfb" N}v`hg fihib~h, ihb~he sfhb}yfb hegnyb~h

ivihy, `hb}hyhb mn}nbllh` |hjh} e~hnb~h, fdfb}hyh mnh }nmhe dfdn`nen ef}vyvbhb

~hbl mhsh} dfbfyvehb vhghb~h"8:

Lf`hy h}hv fiv}hb e~hn inhhb~h mnsfyk`fg ffkyhbl ifyeh} efmh`hdhb n`dv

efhlhdhhbb~h, efvbllvghb sfyavhblhbb~h vb}ve efsfb}nblhb hlhdh N`hd,

efneg`hhb mhb ef}f`hmhbhbb~h mn }fblhg vdh}, efegv~vhbb~h mh`hd ifynihmhg,

mhb ef|nih|hhbb~h fihlhn sfdndsnb"83"

8Ninm, gh`" 8>="

93Himvyyhgdhb \hgnm, Sfhb}yfb _fihlhn _viev`}vy mh`hd Mh|hd 'fm., gh`" =: =


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9:

fmfdnenhb evh} mhb fyh}"98

Mnhdsnbl h}h mhhy efdhbvnhhb inhh mhb neh}hb

vegv|hg fhdh dv`nd, gvivblhb }fyfiv} fynbleh`n hegnyb~h dfbnbleh} mh`hd

ifb}ve ah`nbhb lfbfh`kln nb}f`fe}vh` ihgehb efefyhih}hb,99

~hbl fdvhb~h nbn

hblh} ifhy hy}nb~h lvbh dfdsfy}hghbehb }yhmnnkbh`n}h vh}v sfhb}yfb"

Inhhb~h fkyhbl }hdh}hb sfhb}yfb }fy}fb}v mhb nh ifyghn` dfbahmn }kekg

mn mhfyhg hh`b~h, hehb ifysfyhb fihlhn sfyhb}hyh he}nj hb}hyh dh~hyheh} ~hbl

mnsndsnbb~h mfblhb sfhb}yfb }fdsh} mhgv`v nh if`hahy" Dnh`b~h hdin`

ifyn`h}vyyhgdn efshmh e~hn ~hbl }f`hg dfbmf|hhehb n`dvb~h, fynbleh`n ifeh

hb}yn }fyfiv} dfdih|h fy}h oh`kb hb}yn ihyv, ihgehb mhbh h}hv vdihblhb

dh}fynh` ~hbl `hnb" Mfblhb gvivblhb ~hbl ffyh} nbn, `hln$`hln hehb dfbahmn

sfbmvevbl ~hbl }hbllvg ihln ef`hbav}hb gnmvs sfhb}yfb }fyfiv}"

Onyn egh `hnb, inh mn`ngh} mhyn efmvmvehb e~hn fihlhn sfdndsnb }vbllh`

mhb sfdflhbl k}kyn}h }fy}nblln mn `nblevblhb sfhb}yfb }yhmnnkbh` shmh

vdvdb~h" Efofbmfyvblhb fdhohd nbn, kyhbl dfblgvivblehbb~h mfblhb }yhmnn

yhah$yhah shmh dhh `h`v, ~hbl mn}hblhbb~h`hg svbohe efevhhhb, feh`nlv

sfdn`ne eh}h hegny ihln f}nhs efinahehb" Mn `nblevblhb sfhb}yfb dkmfyb, ~hbl

}f`hg dfblfdihblehb n}fd efsfdndsnbhb ek`fe}nj mfblhb sfyhbleh} kylhbnhn

mhb dhbhafdfb dv}hegny, af`h }nmhe `hln mn}fdvehb lhdihyhb fdhohd n}v"

Dhng mh`hd ehn}hbb~h mfblhb sfhb}yfb }yhmnnkbh`, hlheb~h dfbhyne

vb}ve mnev}nsehb mvh sfyb~h}hhb fihlhn ifynev}" Sfy}hdh, ihg|h N`hd

}yhmnnkbh` mn|hen`n k`fg e~hn mhb shyh hb}yn mn mhfyhg sfmfhhb ~hbl }fyfihy

98Evb}k|nak~k, Ks" on}", gh`" =8"

99Qhdheg~hyn Mgkjnfy, Ks" on}", gh`" :8$>:"


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9

flh`h ghdih}hb fihlhn henih} sfyifmhhb }yh}h mn }fblhg$}fblhg dh~hyheh}"

Ihln hbllk}h dh~hyheh} `vhy, sk`h efgnmvshb e~hn mhb skbmke sfhb}yfbb~h

dfyvshehb lhdihyhb nmfh` mhb }nmhe dvblenb mhsh} mnyfh`nhn mh`hd

efgnmvshbb~h fbmnyn"96

]fyb~h}h sykjfn e~hn fihlhn sfblhahy mhb sfblhbavy N`hd dfdivhgehb

sfblhyvg ~hbl df`hdshvn ih}h$ih}h mfh mndhbh skbmke sfhb}yfb dfyfeh

ifyhmh" Ihgehb shyh e~hn sfdndsnb skbmke sfhb}yfb ifhy }f`hg ifyghn`

dfdsfy`vh sfblhyvg dfyfeh mn f`vyvg |n`h~hg bvhb}hyh, mhb fihlhn ghn`b~h

dfyfeh mn}fyndh fihlhn ihlnhb mhyn f`n} bhnkbh`" ]fyive}n fahe Nbmkbfnh

dfymfeh ihb~he mnhb}hyh dfyfeh ~hbl mnhbleh} dfbahmn dfb}fyn, hbllk}h

shy`fdfb, mv}h ifhy, mhb sfahih}$sfahih} }nblln sfdfynb}hghb"9:

Ehn}hbb~h mfblhb sfbmnmnehb sfhb}yfb, fkyhbl e~hn mfblhb shyh

sfdihb}vb~h dfyvshehb gnyhyen efevhhhb h}v$h}vb~h ~hbl fohyh fes`nn}

mnhevn mh`hd `nblevblhb sfhb}yfb" Mn}flheehb mn h}h ef|nih|hhb dkyh` hbl

e~hn fihlhn sfb~f`hdh} ihln shyh hb}ynb~h mhyn efdvblenbhb df`hblehg ef hyhg

effh}hb, mndhbh efevhhhb nbn dfdn`nen sfy|h}hehb ~hbl hik`v}" Gnyhyen nb}fyb

nbn ~hbl hdh feh`n }nmhe dhv ifyihln }fdsh} mfblhb efevhhhb mhyn `vhy mh`hd

hsfe$hsfe ~hbl sh`nbl fmfyghbh feh`nsvb" Gh` nbn ~hbl dfdifmhehb

efgnmvshb sfhb}yfb mfblhb efgnmvshb vdvd mn fen}hyb~h"

96 My" _hnjv` Heg~hy @vin, DH, Ekbf`nbl N`hdn, E~hn * Sfhb}yfb, ^kl~hehy}h, Sfbfyin}

f@_HX Syf, of}" N, Hlv}v 933


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?3

Ehyfbh mfdnenhb ifhy efevhhhb mhb sfblhyvg fkyhbl e~hn h}h shyh

hb}ynb~h, dheh hb}yn hehb dfyhh fbhb}nhh hmh ef}fyehn}hb ~hbl dfbmh`hd

}fyghmhs e~hn mh`hd lfyhe `hblehgb~h, ~hbl fohyh ifyhblvy hehb dfbahmn

vdify nbsnyhn mh`hd efgnmvshb synihmnb~h" _fohyh vdvd e~hn dfdn`nen

|f|fbhbl sfbvg mn mh`hd dfdih|h sfyah`hbhb sfhb}yfb vb}ve mnhyhgehb

efshmh vh}v }vavhb ~hbl }f`hg mnlhynehb" K`fg fihi n}v sf`hehbhhb sykf

sfbmnmnehb ~hbl }fyahmn mn mh`hd sfhb}yfb svb hblh} }fylhb}vbl efshmh e~hn

vb}ve dfblh}vyb~h" \h`hvsvb inhhb~h ksfyhnkbh`b~h mn`hevehb k`fg shyh lvyv

h}hv shyh sfdihb}vb~h, bhdvb nmf$nmf ~hbl df|hybhnb~h }f}hs }nmhe `fsh mhyn

ohdsvy }hblhb e~hn"

Hmh gh` ~hbl sfy`v mnnblh} mnnbn, ihg|h sfhb}yfb dfyvshehb `fdihlh

}yhbjkydhn bn`hn ~hbl ify}vlh vb}ve dfdifb}ve dfb}h` snyn}vh` hb}yn mh`hd

flh`h inmhbl efgnmvshb" Mfblhb eh}h `hnb ihg|h }yhbjfy sfblf}hgvhb mhyn shyh

sfblhvg efshmh shyh hb}yn n}v ghb~h dfyvshehb h`hg h}v ihlnhb hah mhyn

n}fd syklyhd ~hbl mndn`nen mhb mn}fyhsehb k`fg sfhb}yfb"9


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?8

efvbllv`hb, dheh mnh dfyhh mnynb~h efon` mhb evyhbl ifydhebh mn ghmhshbb~h,

fgnbllh sfyhhhb mfdnenhb df`hgnyehb ef}hh}hb, ~hbl }fyehmhbl mnbn`hn

ify`finghb mhyn mnynb~h"

Bhdvb mfdnenhb dfdhbl ghyv mnhevn ihg|h e~hn if}hsh svb dfbmvmven

sknn fb}yh` mh`hd mvbnh sfhb}yfb" Ehyfbh mn hdsnbl efifyhmhhbb~h fihlhn

h}v$h}vb~h jnlvy ~hbl hblh} mnflhbn mhb mngkydh}n, e~hn avlh mn~henbn mhsh}

dfdifynehb ihykehg efshmh shyh hb}ynb~h `hb}hyhb e~hn mnhbllhs fihlhn kyhbl

von ~hbl mfeh} mfblhb H``hg _\]" \h`hvsvb if`hehblhb nbn }ndiv` fdhohd

lvlh}hb mhyn eh`hblhb n`dv|hb dkmfyb }fyghmhs dkmf` ef}vbmvehb hb}yn efshmh

e~hn ~hbl }fyehn}hb dv}`he mhb }hbsh ~hyh}" _fihlnhb eh`hblhb n`dv|hb dkmfyb

dfdsfy}hb~hehb hshehg dkmf` ef}vbmvehb mhb efsh}vghb fdhohd n}v dhng

yf`fzhb vb}ve fyh l`kih` fsfy}n fehyhbl, mn }fblhg$}fblhg lfbohyb~h dhbvnh

dkmfyb dfb~vhyhehb flh`n}hynhbndf fy}h efifihhb ifysfbmhsh}, ifyinohyh mhb

ifyivh} ;

Sfyhb mhb sfblhyvg e~hn mh`hd sykf sfbmnmnehb h`h sfhb}yfb dfdhbl

ovevs mkdnbhb, bhdvb hshehg }vmvghb fdfb}hyh dhbvnh dkmfyb }fb}hbl

sfhb}yfb ~hbl }fyefhb vdihbl fdvhb~h ifbhy ; Vb}ve dfdsfyk`fg ah|hihb

~hbl hevyh} }fb}v sfy v sfbf`n}nhb `fing ofydh}" Ehyfbh en}h }fb}v hehb df`ngh}

ihg|h ehvd hb}yn ~hbl okbofyb mfblhb }yhmnn sfhb}yfb }fb}v hehb dfbk`he

shbmhblhb bflh}nj mhyn fdfb}hyh kyhbl ~hbl dfblh}hbhdhehb dhbvnh dkmfyb,

~hbl mnh`hdh}ehb efshmh sfhb}yfb }fyfiv}" _fihi mn~henbn ihg|h shbmhblhb

bflh}nj hehb dfblghdih} }yhbjkydhn bn`hn$bn`hn N`hd ~hbl fmhbl lfbohy


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?9

mn`hevehb k`fg sfhb}yfb, ~hbl }fb}vb~h }fydhve sfblgkydh}hb hb}yn }fyghmhs

e~hn"97

Vhgh }yhbjkydhn bn`hn$bn`hn N`hd hehb dfbahmn }fylhbllv ef}neh }yhmnn

sfhb}yfb }fydhve efsh}vghb }fyghmhs e~hn mnlvlh} fihlhn jfbkdfbh ~hbl

dfdih|h mhdshe bflh}nj, ~hbl shmh ln`nyhbb~h hehb dfbllffy sfdhghdhb mhb

sfblgh~h}hb }fyghmhs vh}v nmfk`kln fdhohd sfhb}yfb fohyh ifbhy hehb

dfbahmn syh~hyh} ihln }fy|vavmb~h fivhg }yhbjkydhn" _fihlhndhbh gh` n}v

sv`h ~hbl dv`h$dv`h mnnb}ykmvny k`fg \h`n _kblk efshmh dh~hyheh} Gnbmv

Ivmgh ef}neh dfyfeh ifydhevm dfdifb}ve ekdvbn}h dv`nd mfblhb

dfb}yhbjfy bn`hn$bn`hn N`hd mn mh`hdb~h"

Sfdhghdhb mhb sfblgh~h}hb ehvd hb}yn }fyghmhs }yhmnn sfhb}yfb dfbahmn

`vb}vy dheh hehb hblh} v`n} ihln e~hn vb}ve df`hevehb sfyvihghb mhb

sfyihnehb fvhn n}fd ~hbl hmh mhb ify`hev mn mh`hd sfhb}yfb" ^hbl vavbl$

vavblb~h inh hah sfhb}yfb ~hbl f`hdh nbn mnshbmhbl k`fg sfdfynb}hg fihlhn

sfblfdihb dnn dfblf`vhyehb dhbvnh mhyn eflf`hshb dfbvav }fyhbl

ifbmfyhbl 'X_, 8=18., hehb dfbahmn dhbmv`" Gh` n}v mnfihiehb ehyfbh fohyh

gn}kyn, dfbvyv} n}fd sfbmnmnehb sfhb}yfb, vh}v sfyvihghb ihyv mhsh}

mn`hehbhehb hshin`h f}nmheb~h mvh sfy~hyh}hb }f`hg }fysfbvgn" Sfy}hdh, hmhb~h

bn`hn$bn`hn nmf, ~hn}v ef}flvghb dfdflhbl synbns efsfhb}yfbhb mh`hd yhbleh

dfbohshn on}h$on}h N`hd" Efmvh, hmhb~h sf`hev ~hbl dfb~fvhnehb mnyn mfblhb

bn`hn$bn`hn }fyfiv}" ^hn}v efsh}vghb dfblnev}n }h}h ohyh mhb h}vyhb ihev ~hbl

97|||"sfbv`n`fsh"okd
http://www.penulislepas.com/http://www.penulislepas.com/


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??

}f`hg mnhbv} k`fg dh~hyheh} sfhb}yfb" ]hbsh sfy~hyh}hb fsfy}n }fyfiv} mn h}h

fhbmhnb~h }fyahmn vh}v sfyvihghb, dheh nh ghb~h mnahmnehb sf`vhbl vb}ve

dfbahvgn bkydh$bkydh ~hbl hmh h}hv ihgehb dfdivhbl hdh feh`n }yhmnn

sfhb}yfb"9>

Efifyhmhhb e~hn h}hv v`hdh fihlhn }kekg k}kyn}h}nj, sffy}h mnmne, hyhdh

mhb hyhbh sfbmnmnehb, sfbmnmnehb hlhdh N`hd mhb dhanm fihlhn svh} eflnh}hb

efsfbmnmnehb hmh`hg vbvy$vbvy sfb}nbl sfbmnmnehb sfhb}yfb ~hbl fah}nb~h

hmh`hg avlh vbvy sfbmnmnehb N`hd" Effdsh} vbvy ~hbl df`nblevsn hb}yn nbn

mhsh} mnhbllhs fihlhn oh}vy$svh} sfbmnmnehb" Nbn `fing `fblehs mnihbmnbl }yn$

svh} sfbmnmnehb 'fek`hg, dh~hyheh}, ef`vhylh., ~hbl }fymhsh} shmh n}fd

fek`hg shmh sfbmnmnehb vdvd"

Hegnyb~h, e~hn mn sfhb}yfb }nmhe `hln ifyghe dfbfb}vehb sf`hahyhb hsh

~hbl hehb mnhahyehb mhb ifyhsh |he}v ~hbl mnsfylvbhehb vb}ve dfbmh`hdnb~h"

E~hn }nmhe `hln dfdn`nen ef|fbhblhb dfbfb}vehb ehshb |he}v `nivy mhb

dfbfb}vehb ifyhsh inh~h sfbmnmnehb ~hbl mnsfy`vehb, fy}h gh` `hnb ~hbl }fyehn}

mfblhb }yhmnn sfbmnmnehb sfhb}yfb" E~hn efdvmnhb ifysfyhb }nmhe `fing ghb~h

fihlhn ndik`n mhb }fyih}h shmh dhh`hg yn}vh` efhlhdhhb"?3

Ghbovyb~h k}kyn}h e~hn nbn mhsh} dfblhenih}ehb sfhb}yfb dfblh`hdn

mflyhmhn bn`hn, ~hebn ghb~h ifysfyhb fihlhn sfdkbmkehb h}hv `fing fynbl

mnefbh` mfblhb fiv}hb hyhdh" Efgnmvshb fkyhbl hb}yn }nmhe `hln mnh|hn

9>Avybh` Kb @nbf '|||"vnb$veh"nbjk., Onyn$Onyn Sfbmnmnehb N`hd ]yhmnnkbn`"

?3Ninm"
http://www.uin-suka.info%29/http://www.uin-suka.info%29/


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?=

f`hdh 9= ahd k`fg shyh sfblvyv sfhb}yfb" Shmhgh`, f`hnb dhh`hg hlhdh, sk`h

sfdinbhhb nbmnznmv nbn`hg ~hbl fifbhyb~h dfbahmn onyn egh sfhb}yfb" Sk`h

sfdinbhhb nbmnznmv fdhohd nbn `hdh$ef`hdhhb hehb dfblgn`hbl fnynbl mfblhb

sk`h sfdif`hahyhb jkydh` ~hbl ify`hblvbl mn ef`h mfblhb dfmnh sfdif`hahyhb

~hbl fyih dkmfyb" Sfhb}yfb f`h`v ifyvihg dfblnev}n sk`h dkmfyb mhb n}fd

dhbhafdfb dkmfyb ~hbl fsfbvgb~h }nmhe `hln dhdsv mninh~hn k`fg dh~hyheh}

fbmnyn '|hmh~h."

Sfbnbleh}hb evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb N`hd mn sfhb}yfb dv}`he mnsfy`vehb

hlhy sykf if`hahy dfblhahy dfbahmn fjfe}nj mhb ifydv}v mh`hd sfyah`hbhbb~h"

Sfyhb e~hn fihlhndhbh sfbaf`hhb mnh}h dv}`he mnsfy`vehb ehyfbh jnlvyb~h ~hbl

fb}yh` mh`hd sfhb}yfb n}v" ]hbsh ohdsvy }hblhb h}hv nb}fyzfbn fkyhbl e~hn

dheh sykf sfbmnmnehb dhvsvb }yhbjkydhn bn`hn mh`hd sfhb}yfb n}v dfbahmn

evyhbl fjfe}nj" E~hn ghyv }vyvb `hblvbl fy}h }nmhe ifln}v dfb~niveehb mnynb~h

shmh mvbnh `vhy ~hbl }nmhe hmh ehn}hbb~h mfblhb sfyhb mhb jvbln fkyhbl e~hn

mnh}h"

I" ]nbahvhb ]fb}hbl Evh`n}h Sfbmnmnehb N`hd

8" Sfblf}hgvhb ]fb}hbl Evh`n}h Sfbmnmnehb N`hd_fif`vd dfdihgh `fing ahvg dfblfbhn evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb N`hd, dheh

}fy`fing mhgv`v en}h sfy`v ef}hgvn sfblfy}nhb h}hv mfjnbnn mhyn eh}h evh`n}h" Eh}h

evh`n}h dfdn`nen ihb~he mfjnbnn ~hbl ifyifmh mhb ifyzhynhn dv`hn mhyn ~hbl

ekbzfbnkbh` gnbllh ~hbl `fing }yh}fln" Mfjnbnn ekbzfbnkbh` mhyn evh`n}h


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?6

inhhb~h dfbllhdihyehb ehyhe}fyn}ne fvh}v gh`, fsfy}n enbfyah 'sfyjkydhbof.,

efdhdsvhb + efhbmh`hb 'yf`nhin`n}~., dvmhg mh`hd sfbllvbhhb 'fh~ kj vf.,

f}f}neh 'f}gf}no., mhb fihlhnb~h" _fmhblehb mh`hd mfjnbnn }yh}fln

mnb~h}hehb ihg|h evh`n}h hmh`hg flh`h fvh}v ~hbl dhdsv dfdfbvgn

efnblnbhb mhb efiv}vghb dh~hyheh}"?8

Inh mnhy}nehb mnnbn ihg|h dh~hyheh} n}v

hmh`hg nbhb sfbmnmnehb 'dvynm. ~hbl dfyhh svh }fyghmhs evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb

mn `fdihlhb~h, egvvb~h `fdihlh sfbmnmnehb N`hd" H}hv inh mnhy}nehb evh`n}h

h}hv dv}v hmh`hg effvhnhb mfblhb ghyhshb sf`hbllhb h}hv ekbvdfb mh`hd hy}n

dh~hyheh} mnh}h"?9

Evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb fihlhn h`hg h}v sn`hy sfblfdihblhb vdify mh~h

dhbvnh '_MD., ifydhebh }yh}fln ihln sfdihblvbhb bhnkbh`" Hy}nb~h, dhh

mfshb vh}v ihblh hblh} ifylhb}vbl efshmh evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb ~hbl hmh" Gh`

nbn inh }fyahmn in`h sfbmnmnehb mn `fzf` fek`hg h}hv h}vhb sfbmnmnehb avlh

ifyevh`n}h" Mfdnenhb avlh mfblhb sfbmnmnehb N`hd ~hbl ifyevh`n}h hehb

dhdsv dfbof}he dhbvnh Nbmkbfnh ~hbl dfblvhhn n`dv sfblf}hgvhb mhb

}febk`kln feh`nlv njh} }hx|h mhb sh}vg shmh sfynb}hg H``hg _\]" @fing$`fing

Nbmkbfnh hmh`hg Bflhyh mfblhb sfbmvmve dh~kyn}h Dv`nd }fyifhy mn mvbnh"

Efb~h}hhb ~hbl hmh mh`hd mvh mhh|hyh }fyhegny nbn evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb

en}h, }he }fyefovh`n sfbmnmnehb N`hd dhng if`vd dfbvbaveehb }hbmh$}hbmh ~hbl

dfbllfdinyhehb" Mh`hd ekb}fe sfbmnmnehb, sfblfy}nhb evh`n}h dfblhov

efshmh sykf sfbmnmnehb mhb ghn` sfbmnmnehb" Evh`n}h mh`hd sfblfy}nhb sykf,

}fyehn} mfblhb dhng if`vd dfyh}hb~h jhn`n}h ~hbl mndn`nen fek`hg fsfy}n

?8Lhsfyq, 8>


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ihghb hahy 'dh}fyn., hyhbh + syhhyhbh fek`hg, mvevblhb hmdnbn}yhn mhb vdify

mh~h `hnbb~h" Evh`n}h mh`hd sfblfy}nhb ghn` sfbmnmnehb 'hdshn afbahbl fek`hg

dfbfblhg., }fyofydnb mh`hd sfyk`fghb yh}h$yh}h ghn` vanhb ~hbl if`vd fvhn

mfblhb ghyhshb fy}h fihlnhb ifhy `v`vhb h}hv h`vdbn evyhbl dfdn`nen

efnhshb vb}ve df`hbav}ehb ef afbahbl sfbmnmnehb }nblln h}hv dfdhven mvbnh

efyah" Gh` nbn ifyehn}hb mfblhb efdhdsvhb mhb nehs dfb}h` ~hbl evyhbl

dfdhmhn"

]f`hg ihb~he vsh~h ~hbl mn`hevehb k`fg sfdfynb}hg ihne k`fg Mfshy}fdfb

Sfbmnmnehb Bhnkbh` 'Mfsmnebh. dhvsvb Mfshy}fdfb Hlhdh 'Mfshl. vb}ve

dfbnbleh}ehb evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb, bhdvb ghn`b~h if`vd dfdvhehb" _h`hg h}v

fihib~h hmh`hg sfbmfeh}hb ~hbl fb}yh`n}ne, }fyive}n }nmhe dfdifyn ahdnbhb

shmh hef`fyhn evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb n}v fbmnyn" Ehyfbh n}v, mnbhdk sfbnbleh}hb

evh`n}h ghyv mn`f}heehb efdih`n ef }fdsh} ~hbl fdf}nb~h, ~hebn mn fek`hg"

]fy`fing hh} nbn }f`hg mn}fyhsehb evynev`vd ~hbl ifyihn shmh h}vhb sfbmnmnehb

'fek`hg. ~hbl mnfiv} E]_S 'Evynev`vd ]nbleh} _h}vhb Sfbmnmnehb." _fek`hg

fihlhn fivhg n}fd dfdn`nen }nlh hsfe skeke, ~hbl fyh} ehn}hbb~h mfblhb

evh`n}h fek`hg, ~hn}v1 '8. sykf if`hahy dfblhahy, '9. efsfdndsnbhb mhb

dhbhafdfb fek`hg, fy}h '?. ev`}vy fek`hg"??

Syklyhd hen vb}ve sfbnbleh}hb evh`n}h fek`hg fohyh ekbzfbnkbh`

fbhb}nhh ify}vdsv shmh sfbnbleh}hb evh`n}h sykf if`hahy dfblhahy 'SID.,

fmnen} dfb~fb}vg hsfe efsfdndsnbhb mhb dhbhafdfb mhb evyhbl dfb~fb}vg

??Dhbhafdfb Dv}v ]fyshmv Mh`hd Sfbmnmnehb, Mfsmneivm, 8>>>1 83"


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dfblnbahe ivdn ehyfbh ghn` }vmnb~h hehb mhsh} mnbnedh}n mh`hd efgnmvshb

mvbnh avlh hegnyh}"

_fihlhn ofydnb, sfdfynb}hghb mhb ~h~hhb$~h~hhb N`hd qhdhb effdhhb

N`hd sfybhg dfdn`nen vbnzfyn}h$vbnzfyn}h ifhy mhb hblh} dkmfyb vb}ve

dhhb~h, fsfy}n Bnqghdnhg, ihgehb, Vbnzfyn}h H`$Hqghy, Ehnyk$Dfny dhng

fen gnbllh hh} nbn" Mn Hbmh`vnh '_shb~k`., ihb~he mnihblvb sfylvyvhb }nblln

}fyefbh` fsfy}n Vbnzfyn}h Okymkzh, _fzn``h, Dh`hlh, Lyhbhmh, ]k`fmk mhb

`hnbb~h" Mn nbn`hg kyhbl$kyhbl Fyksh sfy}hdh eh`n if`hahy hnb mhb n`dv

sfblf}hgvhb fgnbllh `hgny`hg shyh sfdneny mhb jn`kkj }fyefbh` mn Fyksh"

Sfylvyvhb }nblln Kwjkym mhb Ohdiynmlf mn Nbllyn avlh dfyvshehb }n}nhb

sfylvyvhb$sfylvyvhb }nblln N`hd"

Vdh} N`hd dfbhyvg dnbh} `vhy inhh }fyghmhs sfysv}hehhb, dh`hg gh` n}v

mnhbllhs hyhbh vdvd ihln yhe~h}" Mn Hbmh`vnh }fymhsh} 93 sfysv}hehhb, mn

hb}hyhb~h sfysv}hehhb Okymkzh, ~hbl hihm ef$83 D }f`hg dfdsvb~hn ek`fen

=33"333 avmv` ivev" Ihbmnblehb mfblhb sfysv}hehhb Lfyfah Ohb}fyivy~,

sfysv}hehhb }fy`fblehs mn Fyksh hh} n}v, ghb~h dfdn`nen 8"733 avmv` ivev"

Avd`hg n}v if`vd fifyhsh mnihbmnbl sfysv}hehhb Mhyv` Gnedhg, Ehnyk '9 av}h

avmv` ivev. mhb sfysv}hehhb ]ynsk`n, _~hd ~hbl mnihehy k`fg Shvehb _h`ni

Fyksh '? av}h avmv` ivev, }fydhve 63"333 fefds`hy h`$Xvyhb mhb }hjnyb~h."?6

Dfbons}hehb sfbmnmnehb N`hd ~hbl ifyevh`n}h fifbhyb~h }nmhe`hg v`n}

fshbahbl fdvh vbvy }fyehn} dhv ifyanghm" Bnh} neg`h, dfbohevs `vyv

?6Ninm"


54/132

=3

ifynihmhg shmh H``hg mhb sykjfnkbh`, fy}h efyah ~hbl ifbhy$ifbhy fynv

dfyvshehb lfyihbl ef hbh" Ekbfs mhb gn}kyn N`hd dfdn`nen ihb~he eghqhbhg

~hbl inh mnyvave" ]fb}vb~h fdvh n}v }nmhe hehb mhsh} mnlh`n efovh`n mfblhb

anghm"

Vsh~h sfbnbleh}hb evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb mhyn }hgvb ef }hgvb f`h`v dfbahmn

syklyhd mhb sfygh}nhb sfdfynb}hg" _h`hg h}vb~h mfblhb mn}f}hsehbb~h VV" Bk"

93 ]hgvb 933? }fb}hbl _n}fd Sfbmnmnehb Bhnkbh` '_nmnebh. mhb mnaf`hehb

`fing `hbav} mh`hd Sfyh}vyhb Sfdfynb}hg 'SS". Bk" 8> ]hgvb 9336 }fb}hbl _}hbmhy

Bhnkbh` Sfbmnmnehb" Evh n}h sfbmnmnehb mn}fb}vehb k`fg sfb~fdsvybhhb

nb}flyh` mhyn f`vyvg ekdskbfb sfbmnmnehb fsfy}n evh`n}h lvyv, sfb~fihyhb lvyv

~hbl dfyh}h, evynev`vd, hyhbh mhb syhhyhbh ~hbl dfdhmhn, vhhbh SID

'syklyhd if`hahy dfblhahy. ~hbl ekbmvnj, mhb evh`n}h lvyv ~hbl dfbnbleh} mhb

mnmvevbl k`fg efinahehb sfdfynb}hg" Lvyv dfyvshehb }n}ne fb}yh` sfbnbleh}hb

evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb ~hbl ify}vdsv shmh evh`n}h sykf if`hahy dfblhahy" K`fg

fihi n}v sfbnbleh}hb sykjfnkbh`ndf lvyv dfyvshehb vh}v efghyvhb"

Lvyv sykjfnkbh` }nmhe ghb~h dfblvhhn inmhbl n`dv, ihghb hahy, mhb

df}kmf ~hbl }fsh}, hehb }f}hsn dhdsv dfdk}nzhn sffy}h mnmne, dfdn`nen

ef}fyhdsn`hb ~hbl }nblln mhb |h|hhb ~hbl `vh }fyghmhs mvbnh sfbmnmnehb"

Sykjfnkbh`ndf lvyv fohyh ekbn}fb dfbahmn h`hg h}v jhe}ky }fysfb}nbl mhyn

evh`n}h h}hv dv}v sfbmnmnehb" Lvyv ~hbl sykjfnkbh` dhdsv dfdif`hahyehb

dvynm fohyh fjfe}nj fvhn mfblhb efbmh`h vdify mh~h mhb `nblevblhb" Bhdvb,

vb}ve dfblghn`ehb lvyv ~hbl sykjfnkbh` avlh ivehb`hg }vlh ~hbl dvmhg"


55/132

=8

Sfyefdihblhb evh`n}h `fdihlh sfbmnmnehb ~hbl ify}vlh dfblfdihblehb n`dv

sfblf}hgvhb ifyehn}hb fyh} mfblhb sfyefdihblhb sykjfnkbh`ndf lvyv"

]hb}hblhb ~hbl mnghmhsn mh`hd inmhbl dhbhafdfb, f`hdh nbn }hdshe ihg|h

fihlnhb ifhy `fdihlh sfbmnmnehb, egvvb~h `fdihlh sfbmnmnehb N`hd if`vd

mnef`k`h fohyh dfdhmhn, mh`hd yhbleh sfbnbleh}hb sykjfnkbh`ndf lvyv,

sfblhahy h}hv sfbmnmne"?:

Ekbmnn `fdihlh sfbmnmnehb ~hbl dhng dfdsyngh}nbehb nbn dv`hn ifyvihg

shmh h|h` }hgvb >3$hb mfblhb dvbov` fek`hg$fek`hg ifyihn N`hd ~hbl

dfblfenehb mnynb~h vb}ve dfbahmn `fdihlh sfbmnmnehb ~hbl nhs dfblghmhsn

sfyefdihblhb qhdhb" _h`hg h}v sfyefdihblhb ~hbl dfbok`ke mh`hd

sfyefdihblhb `fdihlh sfbmnmnehb N`hd mn Nbmkbfnh hmh`hg dvbov`b~h fek`hg$

fek`hg f`n} Dv`nd ~hbl `fing mnefbh` fihlhn _fek`hg N`hd Vbllv`hb"

Efvbllv`hb fek`hg n}v mnvevy mhyn syf}hn hehmfdne dhvsvb bkb hehmfdne

ifln}v avlh mhyn fln sykjfnkbh`ndf lvyv"

9" _}hbmhy + Shyhdf}fy Sfbmnmnehb N`hd ^hbl Ifyevh`n}hDfbvyv} sfbv`n, }hbmhy + shyhdf}fy hmh`hg vevyhb h}hv ihykdf}fy ~hbl

mnlvbhehb vb}ve dfbn`hn h}hv dfblvevy fvh}v gh`, ~hbl mh`hd gh` nbn hmh`hg

evh`n}h sfbmnmnehb N`hd" Nbn dfbahmn sfb}nbl vb}ve en}h ef}hgvn, hsh`hln mh`hd

yhbleh df|vavmehb vh}v sfbmnmnehb N`hd ~hbl ifyevh`n}h" Eh`hv en}h dfblhov

shmh Sfyh}vyhb Sfdfynb}hg 'SS". Bk" 8> ]hgvb 9336 }fb}hbl _}hbmhy Bhnkbh`

Sfbmnmnehb dheh sfbmnmnehb N`hd fihlhn ihlnhb mhyn sfbmnmnehb bhnkbh` avlh

?:VV" _nmnebh Bk" 93 ]hgvb 933?, Shh` =3, H~h} 9h"


56/132

=9

}nmhe }fy`fsh mhyn sfyh}vyhb sfdfynb}hg nbn"

_}hbmhy bhnkbh` sfbmnmnehb mnh}h, hmh mf`hshb '7. gh` ~hbl ghyv

mnsfygh}nehb vb}ve df|vavmehb sfbmnmnehb ~hbl ifyevh`n}h, ~hn}v 1?>>"


63/132

=>

~hebn mfblhb sk`h sfbmnmnehb ~hbl v}vg mhb }fynb}flyhn mfblhb ekbmnn

efiv}vghb sfdinbhhb sffy}h mnmne mh`hd ekb}fe `nblevblhbb~h mhb sykf

sfbmnmnehb hlhdh N`hd mnvsh~hehb }nmhe ghb~h fihlhn dh}h sf`hahyhb ~hbl

mnhahyehb mn ef`h hah }hsn dfb~h}v mfblhb ekbmnn mhb vhhbh yf`flnv mh`hd

mnyn n|h" _h`hg h}v ohyh h}hv }yh}fln h`}fybh}nj vb}ve dfbnbleh}ehb evh`n}h

sfdif`hahyhb sfbmnmnehb N`hd ~hebn mfblhb hmhb~h sfdinbhhb, sfdinhhhb, mhb

sfblfdihblhb mnyn fohyh nb}fb" _fmhblehb nbmneh}ky efifyghn`hb mh`hd sykf

sfdif`hahyhb hmh`hg in`h mhsh} dfdif}ve hbhe mnmne mh`hd sfbnbleh}hb f}k

if`hahyb~h"=6

O" ]nbahvhb ]fb}hbl Sfbmnmnehb N`hd mn Skbmke Sfhb}yfb

8" Sfblfy}nhb Sfbmnmnehb N`hd_fohyh }fkyn}n sfbmnmnehb N`hd hmh`hg yfh`nhn fihlnhb hahyhb N`hd,

egvvb~h ~hbl ifyehn}hb mfblhb sfdinbhhb evh`n}h vdh}" Ehyfbh N`hd n}v h}v,

fdfb}hyh vdh} N`hd avlh h}v, dheh sfbmnmnehb N`hd fohyh }fkyn}n ghb~h`hg

h}v" ]f}hsn fohyh fdsnyn, efb~h}hhbb~h mn}fdvehb sf`hehbhhb h}hv syhe}fe

sfbmnmnehb N`hd ~hbl ifyifmh$ifmh, h}v mnhb}hyhb~h }fyofydnb mhyn efhmhhb mn

Nbmkbfnh"

Sfbmnmnehb N`hd mnhy}nehb fihlhn vhgh dfblvihg }nblehg `hev nbmnznmv

mh`hd efgnmvshb synihmnb~h h}hv efgnmvshb efdh~hyheh}hbb~h mhb efgnmvshb

=6\h|hbohyh mfblhb Sykj" MY" G" Dvghndnb, DH, shmh }hbllh` 37 Ahbvhyn 9337"


64/132

63

mh`hd h`hd fen}hyb~h df`h`vn sykf efsfbmnmnehb"=:

Sfyvihghb n}v mn`hbmhn

mfblhb bn`hn$bn`hn N`hdn"

Sfbmnmnehb N`hd avlh mnhy}nehb fihlhn indinblhb }fyghmhs sfy}vdivghb

ykghbn mhb ahdhbn dfbvyv} hahyhb N`hd mfblhb gnedhg dfblhyhgehb,

dfblhahyehb, df`h}ng, dfblhvg mhb dfblh|hn ify`hevb~h fdvh hahyhb

N`hd"=:3"=7

_fokbm \ky`m Okbjfyfbof kb Dk`fd Fmvoh}nkb, Nb}fybh}nkbh` _fdnbhy kb N`hdno Fmvoh}nkb

Okbofs} hbm Ovyynov`h, Yfokddfbmh}nkb, 86}g

83}g

Dhyog, 8>73, N`hdhihm$Shen}hb"


65/132

68

Sfbmnmnehb N`hd hmh`hg sykf ~hbl dfblhyhgehb dhbvnh efshmh

efgnmvshb ~hbl ihne mhb ~hbl dfblhbleh} mfyhah} efdhbvnhhbb~h, fvhn

mfblhb efdhdsvhb mhhy 'jn}yhg. mhb efdhdsvhb hahyhbb~h 'sfblhyvg mhyn

`vhy."=>

Sfbmhsh} nbn mnmhhyehb h}h jnydhb H``hg _\] fihlhn ifynev} 1

Mhb H``hg dfblf`vhyehb ehdv mhyn sfyv} nivdv mh`hd efhmhhb }nmhe

dfblf}hgvn fvh}vsvb, mhb mnh dfdifyn ehdv sfbmfblhyhb, sfbl`ngh}hb mhb

gh}n, hlhy ehdv ify~vevy 'X_" Hb$Bhg`1


66/132

69

yf`nlnkh, dfbvyv} O"L" Avbl. hmh`hg efdhdsvhb mhhy ~hbl dfbahmn jn}yhg

dhbvnh" Sk}fbn nbn }f`hg mn}flhehb k`fg H``hg _\] mh`hd H`$Xvyhb fihlhn

ifynev} 1

Dheh ghmhsehb`hg |hahgdv mfblhb `vyv efshmh hlhdh H``hg5 '}f}hs`hg h}h.

jn}yhg H``hg ~hbl ]f`hg dfbons}hehb dhbvnh dfbvyv} jn}yhg n}v" }nmhe hmh

sfvihghb shmh jn}yhg H``hg" 'N}v`hg. hlhdh ~hbl `vyv5 }f}hsn efihb~hehb

dhbvnh }nmhe dfblf}hgvn 'X_" Hy$Yvvd1 ?3."

Hmhsvb mndfbn efgnmvshb ~hbl dfblhbmvbl bn`hn nmfh` N`hdn mhsh} en}h

eh}flkynehb ef mh`hd ? dhohd fihlhn ifynev} 168

8 Mndfbn ~hbl dfblhbmvbl bn`hn ~hbl dfbnbleh}ehb effahg}fyhhb gnmvsdhbvnh mn mvbnh"

9 Mndfbn ~hbl dfblhbmvbl bn`hn ~hbl dfbmkykbl dhbvnh ifyvhgh efyhvb}ve dfyhng efgnmvshb mn hegnyh} ~hbl dfdihghlnhehb"

? Mndfbn ~hbl dfblhbmvbl bn`hn ~hbl mhsh} dfdhmvehb 'dfblnb}flyhnehb.hb}hyh efgnmvshb mvbnh|n mhb vegyh|n"

Dhbvnh mnifyn efdvblenbhb vb}ve dfbmnmne mnyn mhb kyhbl `hnb dfbahmn

kke synihmn ~hbl ifyvb}vbl fvhn efgfbmhe H``hg df`h`vn ifyihlhn df}kmf mhb

neg}nhyb~h ~hbl ifbhy$ifbhy mhb vbllvg$vbllvg" Mnh }f`hg dfbahbanehb vb}ve

dfbvbaven ah`hb ~hbl ifbhy fvhn mfblhb jnydhb$B~h 1

68Sykj" G" D" Hynjnb, D"Fm", Jn`hjh} Sfbmnmnehb N`hd, Ivdn Hehyh, Ahehy}h, of}" NNN, 8>>?, gh`"

893"


67/132

6?

Mhb kyhbl$kyhbl ~hbl ifyanghm vb}ve 'dfbohyn efynmghhb. ehdn, ifbhy$ ifbhy

hehb ehdn }vbaveehb efshmh dfyfeh ah`hb$ah`hb ehdn" mhb _fvbllvgb~h H``hg

ifbhy$ifbhy iffy}h kyhbl$kyhbl ~hbl ifyivh} ihne 'X_" H`$Hbehiv}1 :>."

Sfbmnmnehb N`hd ify}vlh dfdsfy}hghbehb, dfbhbhdehb mhb

dfblfdihblehb ef`hblvblhb ifyjvblnb~h bn`hn$bn`hn N`hdn ~hbl ifyvdify

mhyn en}hi von H`$Xvyhb mhb H`$Ghmn}" Mfblhb mfdnenhb, sfbmnmnehb N`hd

ify}vlh mnhdsnbl dfblnb}fybh`nhnehb 'dfbhbhdehb mh`hd synihmn. bn`hn$bn`hn

N`hdn, avlh dfblfdihblehb hbhe mnmne hlhy dhdsv df`hevehb sfblhdh`hb

bn`hn$bn`hn n}v fohyh mnbhdn mhb j`fenif` mh`hd ih}h$ih}h ekbjnlvyhn nmfh`n}h

|hg~v ]vghb"69

Sfbmnmnehb N`hd ghyv dhdsv dfbons}hehb dhbvnh dv`nd ~hbl ifyn`dv

sfblf}hgvhb }nblln, mndhbh ndhb mhb }hx|hb~h dfbahmn sfblfbmh`n mh`hd

sfbfyhshb h}hv sfblhdh`hbb~h mh`hd dh~hyheh} dhbvnh" In`h }nmhe mfdnenhb,

dheh mfyhah} mhb dhy}hih} mnyn synihmnb~h f`hev ghdih H``hg hehb dfykk},

ihgehb hehb dfdihgh~hehb vdh} dhbvnh `hnbb~h" K`fg ehyfbh n}v }vavhb hegny

sfbmnmnehb N`hd ifyhmh mn mh`hd lhyn ~hbl hdh mfblhb dnn }fyfiv} ~hn}v

dfdifb}ve efdhdsvhb mhb iheh} dhbvnh hlhy dhdsv dfbons}hehb

effahg}fyhhb mhb efihghlnhhb ~hbl sfbvg yhgdh} mhb ifyeh} H``hg mn f`vyvg

sfbavyv h`hd nbn"

Eh`hv sfbmnmnehb vdvd ghb~h nblnb dfbohshn efgnmvshb mvbnh|n ~hbl

fahg}fyh ihne mh`hd mndfbn ifybflhyh dhvsvb ifydh~hyheh}, dheh sfbmnmnehb

N`hd ifyon}h$on}h `fing ahvg ~hbl ifybn`hn }yhbfbmfb}h` 'df`hdshvn |h|hhb

69Sykj" G" Dvqh~~nb Hynjnb, D"Fm", Jn`hjh} Sfbmnmnehb N`hd 'Fmnn Yfznn., Ivdn Hehyh,

Ahehy}h, of}" NN, 9336, gh`" 888"


68/132

6=

gnmvs mvbnh|n. hdshn ef vegyh|n mfblhb df`f}heehb on}h$on}h ~hbl dfblhbmvbl

mndfbn bn`hn mvbnh|n fihlhn hyhbhb~h"

_fmhblehb dfbvyv} Ndhd H`$Lghqh`n, }vavhb sfbmnmnehb N`hd hmh`hg

sfdifb}vehb nbhb shynsvybh, ihne mn mvbnh dhvsvb mn hegnyh}" Dfbvyv} Ndhd

Lghqh`n sv`h, dhbvnh mhsh} dfbohshn effdsvybhhb hshin`h dhv ifyvhgh

dfbohyn n`dv mhb f`hbav}b~h dfblhdh`ehb jhmn`hg df`h`vn n`dv sfblf}hgvhb

~hbl mnsf`hahynb~h" Jhmn`hg nbn f`hbav}b~h mhsh} dfdih|hb~h vb}ve mfeh}

efshmh H``hg mhb hegnyb~h dfdihghlnhehbb~h gnmvs mn mvbnh mhb hegnyh}"6?

Himv` Jh}hg Ah`h` mh`hd ivevb~h ~hbl ifyavmv` Dnb Vv`n} ]hyin~h}n Jnn`

N`hd ~hbl mn}fyafdhgehb My, Gfyy~ Bkfy H`n dfblf`kdskeehb }vavhb

sfbmnmnehb N`hd ef mh`hd }vavhb vdvd mhb }vavhb egvv" ]vavhb vdvd ~hn}v

dfbahmnehb dhbvnh fihlhn himn h}hv ghdih H``hg ~hbl fbhb}nhh

dfblhlvblehb mhb dfdifhyehb hdh H``hg mfblhb dfbf`hmhbn Ykv`v``hg

_H\, dfbavbavbl }nblln n`dv sfblf}hgvhb, veh dfdsf`hahyn flh`h gh` ~hbl

ifydhbjhh} ihlnb~h mh`hd dfyfh`nhnehb }vavhb ~hbl }f`hg mnlhynehb k`fg H``hg

_\]"

_fmhblehb }vavhb egvv fifbhyb~h dfyvshehb sfynbonhb mhyn }vavhb

vdvd fihlhndhbh }f`hg mnaf`hehb mnh}h" Mnhb}hyh }vavhb egvv nbn ~hbl

sfy}hdh$}hdh nh`hg dhdsv df`hehbhehb yvevb N`hd" Dfdv}vehb }vavhb

sfbmnmnehb N`hd fohyh jn`kkjn ~hbl nmfh` fghyvb~h dfbf}hsehb yvdvhb

ekbfsnkbh` mhb `kln mh`hd ifb}ve ~hbl shmh mhb df`nsv}n f`vyvg hsfe

efgnmvshb dhbvnh ~hbl mnon}h$on}hehb k`fg N`hd"

6?My" Ghdmhbn Nghb * My" G" H" Jvhm Nghb, Jn`hjh} Sfbmnmnehb N`hd, Sv}heh _f}nh,

Ihbmvbl, of}" NN 'Yfznn., 9338, gh`"


69/132

66

?" Sfbmnmnehb N`hd Mh`hd Sfdnenyhb Shyh Hg`nh" H`$Lghqh`n

_h`hg h}v efn}ndf|hhb H`$Lghqh`n hmh`hg sfbf`n}nhb, sfdihghhb mhb

sfdnenyhbb~h ~hbl hblh} `vh mhb dfbmh`hd shmh dhh`hg sfbmnmnehb" _f`hnb

n}v, H`$Lghqh`n dfdsvb~hn sfdnenyhb mhb shbmhblhb `vh dfblfbhn hsfe$hsfe

sfbmnmnehb, mh`hd hy}n ivehb ghb~h dfdsfy`ngh}ehb hsfe heg`he fdh}h$dh}h

fsfy}n ~hbl mn}vmvgehb fihlnhb hyahbh mhb n`dv|hb }f}hsn avlh dfdsfygh}nehb

hsfe$hsfe `hnb, fsfy}n hsfe efndhbhb 'ef}hvgnmhb + effhhb., heg`he, knh`,

ahdhbnhg, mhb fihlhnb~h" Ahmn, shmh gheneh}b~h vhgh sfbmnmnehb mn dh}h H`$

Lghqh`n hmh`hg dfdfb}nblehb fdvh gh` }fyfiv} mhb df|vavmehbb~h fohyh

v}vg mhb }fyshmv ehyfbh ekbfs sfbmnmnehb ~hbl mnefdihblehb H`$Lghqh`n 'h|h`

mhyn ehbmvblhb hahyhb N`hd mhb }yhmnn N`hd., ifysynbns shmh sfbmnmnehb

dhbvnh fv}vgb~h"6=

Sfdihghhb nbn mhsh} mnvyhnehb fvhn mfblhb vyvhb hsfe$hsfe

sfbmnmnehb fihlhn ifynev} 166

h" Hsfe sfbmnmnehb efndhbhb"i" Hsfe sfbmnmnehb heg`he"o" Hsfe sfbmnmnehb hx`nhg"m" Hsfe sfbmnmnehb knh`"f"

Hsfe sfbmnmnehb ahdhbnhg"

6=Ninm, gh`" 9?6"

66Ninm"


70/132

6:

Sfbmnmnehb EfndhbhbNdhb dfbvyv} H`$Lghqh`n hmh`hg dfblvohsehb mfblhb `nmhg, dfblhevn

ifbhyb~h mfblhb gh}n mhb dfblhdh`ehb mfblhb hbllk}h }vivg" Sfblfy}nhb ndhb

mnnbn df`nsv}n }nlh hsfe" Sfy}hdh, vohshb `nmhg h}hv dv`v}, ehyfbh `nmhg hmh`hg

sfbfyafdhg mhyn gh}n, }f}hsn ih~n ~hbl ihyv `hgny dfblhevn hmhb~h H``hg mfblhb

sfblhevhb an|h, ivehb sfblhevhb mfblhb `nmhg" Efmvh, sfdifbhyhb gh}n, mfblhb

ohyh n}nehm mhb }he`nm ihln kyhbl h|hd h}hv dhbvnh shmh vdvdb~h, mhb fohyh

eh~hj 'dfdiveh gnahi gh}n. ihln kyhbl egh|h" Ef}nlh, hdh` sfyivh}hb ~hbl

mngn}vbl fihlnhb mhyn ndhb, ehyfbh df`fblehsn mhb dfb~fdsvybhehb ndhb,

dheh ify}hdihg mhb ifyevyhblb~h ndhb ffkyhbl ifylhb}vbl shmh hdh`

sfyivh}hb"

H`$Lghqh`n mh`hd gh` ~hghmh} }hvgnm dfblh}hehb mh`hd en}hi Ng~h

V`vdvmmnb16:

Mhb Mnh n}v fh, xhmnd }nhmh ifysfbmhgv`vhb, ifyefeh`hb |vavmb~h, }nhmh

ifyefvmhghb, hihmn }nhmh ifysfblghinhb, }flhe fbmnyn }nhmh dfblgh`hblnb~h,

efeh` }nhmh sv}vb~h, fbhb}nhh mhb f`h`v ifynjh} mfblhb flh`h efifhyhb,

}nhmh ghin mfblhb efghinhb mhb sfdnhghb mhyn sfylhb}nhb hihm mhb

dvbhgb~h qhdhb, }f}hsn mnh`hg ~hbl h|h` mhb }nhmh ifyhegny, ~hbl qhgny mhb

~hbl ih}nb" Mhb Mnh dfblf}hgvn fvh}v"

Shmh en}hi ~hbl hdh }fb}hbl ~hghmh} ykv`, H`$Lghqh`n dfblh}hehb16

_fihlnhb mhyn shbmhblhb H`$Lghqh`n }fb}hbl sfbmnmnehb heg`he vn`h hbhe$

hbhe hmh`hg fihlhn ifynev} 1

6>Ninm, gh`" 9=3"


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6>

h" Efkshbhb mhb effmfyghbhhb, mh`hd gh` dhehb, shehnhb, mhb fihlhnb~h"i" Efkshbhb mhb efmnns`nbhb, mh`hd gh` mvmve, ify`vmhg, ifyinohyh, mhb

fihlhnb~h"

o" Sfdinbhhb mhb `h}nghb ihln hbhe vb}ve dfbahvgehb mhyn sfyivh}hb }fyof`h,fsfy}n1 veh ifyvdshg, veh dfdnb}h, veh dfdihbllhehb mnyn, ifyivh}

mfblhb ohyh fdivb~n$fdivb~n" _fkyhbl hbhe mnghyhsehb avlh mn`h}ng

ifynihmhg mhb dfdsf`hahyn ~hynh} hlhdh N`hd"

Sfbmnmnehb Hx`n~hgDfbvyv} H`$Lghqh`n 1

Heh` hmh`hg fihlhn vdify n`dv sfblf}hgvhb }fdsh} }fyin} mhb fbmn$

fbmnb~h" N`dv sfblf}hgvhb n}v ify`hev mhyn heh`, fihlhndhbh ify`hevb~h ivhg$

ivhghb mhyn skgkb, nbhy mhyn dh}hghyn mhb sfbl`ngh}hb mhyn dh}h":3

Heh` hmh`hg vdify n`dv sfblf}hgvhb, }febk`kln, mhb efivmh~hhb fy}h

mhsh} mnsfylvbhehb vb}ve dfbfdvehb mhb dfbons}hehb h`h}$h`h} ~hbl ifylvbh

ihlnb~h vb}ve dfblghmhsn syki`fd$syki`fd efgnmvshb dhbvnh"

H`$Lghqh`n dfbaf`hehb fdsh} sfblfy}nhb heh`, mfblhb sfblfy}nhb ~hbl

ify}nbleh} 1:8

h" Heh` hmh`hg vh}v njh} ~hbl dfdifmhehb dhbvnh mfblhb inbh}hbl"i" Gheneh} heh` hmh`hg n`dv sfblf}hgvhb ~hbl }vdivg shmh hbhe vnh }hd~nq,

~hn}v mhsh} dfdifmhehb ~hbl ihne mhb ivyve"

o" Gheneh} heh` hmh`hg n`dv sfblf}hgvhb ~hbl mnsfyk`fg mhyn sfblh`hdhbmfblhb ify`hblvblb~h ifyihlhn efhmhhb"

:3Ninm, gh`" 968"

:8Ninm"


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:3

m" Gheneh} heh` hmh`hg svbohe efevh}hb lgnyhg 'fdhblh}. vb}ve dfblf}hgvnhenih} mhyn fdvh sfykh`hb mhb dfboflhg gh|h bhjv, ~hbl dfblhahe shmh

effbhblhb fef}neh mhb dfblfbmh`nehb ~hg|h} }fyfiv}"

Hsfe sfbmnmnehb hx`n~hg mhsh} mn`hehbhehb mfblhb ohyh 1

h" Dfdsf`hahyn ifyihlhn dhohd n`dv sfblf}hgvhb fmh`hd$mh`hdb~h mhbdfblvhhnb~h fohyh nb}fb"

i" Dfblhmhehb sfblhdh}hb, sfbf`n}nhb mhb }hjhevy }fyghmhs h`hd fdf}hmfblhb ifyihlhn dhohd eflnh}hb, ihne k`fg hbhe dhvsvb kyhbl mf|hh"

o" Dfblhdh`ehb fdvh n`dv sfblf}hgvhb ~hbl }f`hg mnsfyk`fgb~h vb}vedfbnbleh}ehb effahg}fyhhb vdh} dhbvnh mhb vb}ve sfblhimnhb

'efsfb}nblhb sfynihmh}hb. shmh hbl sfbons}h h`hd"

Sfbmnmnehb _knh`_fohyh knk`kln dhbvnh hmh`hg dheg`ve knh` 'qkkb sk`n}nokb + gkdk

konv.,

:9

nh }nmhe mhsh} gnmvs fkyhbl mnyn mhb }fysnhg mhyn dhbvnh ~hbl `hnb"

Dhbvnh fbhb}nhh gnmvs mh`hd ef`kdske$ef`kdske ~hbl h`nbl

dfblvb}vblehb, ihne ef`kdske efon` fsfy}n ef`vhylh dhvsvb ef`kdske ifhy

fsfy}n dh~hyheh}"

H`$Lghqh`n mh`hd en}hi Ng~h V`vdvmmnb Avq N, dfblh}hehb1 Hehb }f}hsn,

dhbvnh n}v mnahmnehb H``hg _\], mh`hd ifb}ve ~hbl }nmhe mhsh} gnmvs fbmnyn"

Ehyfbh }nmhe mhsh} dfblvhghehb fbmnyn f`vyvg efsfy`vhb gnmvsb~h ihne vb}ve

dfdsfyk`fg dhehbhb mfblhb ify}hbn mhb ify`hmhbl, dfdsfyk`fg yk}n mhb bhn,

dfdsfyk`fg shehnhb mhb }fdsh} }nbllh` fy}h dfb~nhsehb h`h}$h`h} vb}ve n}v

:9Hyn}k}f`f 'Jn`kkj ^vbhbn Evbk."


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:8

fdvhb~h" Mfblhb mfdnenhb, dhbvnh dfdfy`vehb sfylhv`hb mhb h`nbl

dfdihb}v"

Dhbvnh, hb}hyh h}v mfblhb ~hbl `hnb h`nbl dfdiv}vgehb mhb }ndiv``hg

sfylhv`hb ~hbl dfbvyv} H`$Lghqh`n }fymhsh} ififyhsh `nblevblhb sfylhv`hb

mh`hd dh~hyheh}, ~hn}v1 ef`vhylh, }f}hbllh, hghih}, mhb `nblevblhb

sfyhvmhyhhb N`hd" Sfbmnmnehb knh` shmh hbhe mnsfy`vehb fsfy}n 1

h" Dfblgkydh}n mhb sh}vg efshmh efmvh kyhbl }vh mhb kyhbl mf|hh `hnbb~h"i" Dfyfbmhgehb mnyn mhb `fdhg `fdiv}"o" Dfdifb}ve nehs mfydh|hb"m" Dfdih}hn sfylhv`hb hbhe" Sfbmnmnehb Ahdhbnhg

H`$Lghqh`n dfbfdsh}ehb hsfe ahdhbnhg dhbvnh shmh }nbleh} ef}nlh mhyn

}nbleh}$}nbleh} efihghlnhhb dhbvnh, nh ifysfbmhsh} efv}hdhhb$efv}hdhhb

ahdhbnhg }fymnyn mhyn fdsh} dhohd1 effgh}hb ahdhbn, efevh}hb ahdhbn,

efnbmhghb ahdhbn, mhb shbahbl vdvy"

Hsfe ahdhbnhg dfyvshehb h`hg h}v mhhy skeke vb}ve dfbmhsh}ehb

efdhavhb mhb efihghlnhhb mh`hd efgnmvshb dhbvnh" Heh` mhb an|h ~hbl fgh}

}fymhsh} shmh ahdhbn ~hbl fgh} sv`h" Gvivblhb hb}hyh ahdhbnhg mhb ykghbnhg

dhbvnh h`nbl dfdifynehb sfblhyvg }ndih` ih`ne, ~hn}v gh`$gh` ~hbl

ifysfblhyvg shmh ahdhbn, mfdnenhb fih`neb~h"

Sfbmnmnehb ahdhbnhg hblh} sfb}nbl ihln hbhe$hbhe mhb kyhbl mf|hh

~hn}v fihlhn ifynev} 1

h" Effgh}hb mhb efifynghb"


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i" Dfdinhhehb dhehb vh}v dhehbhb ~hbl ihne, fehmhy dfbovevsnefiv}vghb ihmhb mhb dfblvh}ehb, dfbvyv} H`$Lghqh`n in`h en}h

efefb~hblhb hehb dfblhenih}ehb1 efyh gh}n, dfyvhe ef}hblehhb mhb

efofymnehb, dfblgn`hblehb nblh}hb + ghjh`hb, dh`h df`hevehb nihmhg,

dh`h if`hahy, dfbndiv`ehb mhb dfblvh}ehb ~hg|h}, dfdihb}v hghih}

f}hb"

o" Ifydhnb mhb ifyk`hg yhlh"i" Qhnbvmmnb @hih~ mhb Yhgdhb H`$^vbvnhg

Mhsh} en}h ef}hgvn ihg|h sfbmnmnehb N`hd dfbvyv} n}fd `hdh, ghb~h

}fymnyn mhyn mvh }nbleh} hah, Sfblhanhb H`$Xvyhb mhb Sfblhanhb En}hi" Ghdsny

f`vyvg sfbmnmnehb N`hd mn Nbmkbfnh dfbah`hbehb gh` }fyfiv}"

_f`hbav}b~h ihb~he sf`hahy mhb lvyv hlhdh mn Dnbhblehihv dfbvbhnehb

ghan mn Dfehg, fy}h ifydvend mnhbh df`hbav}ehb sf`hahyhbb~h ify}hgvb$}hgvb

`hdhb~h" Shmh |he}v n}v mn Dhanmn` Ghyhd hmh lvyv ifhy h`nd mhyn Nbmkbfnh,

fsfy}n _~feg Hgdhm Egh}ni Dnbhblehihv, Ndhd _~hjnn mn Dhanmn` Ghyhd,

_~feg Bh|h|n Ihb}fb, _~feg Ihbahyn, mhb `hnb$`hnb"

_f}f`hg efdih`n ef Nbmkbfnh, dfyfeh dfblhahyehb n`dv$n`dv hlhdh mhb

ihghh Hyhi ~hbl dfyfeh sf`hahyn mn Dfehg" Mfblhb mfdnenhb, ify}hdihg

}nblln`hg dv}v n`dv$n`dv hlhdh mn Nbmkbfnh" K`fg ehyfbh n}v sfyefdihblhb

n`dv$n`dv hlhdh mhb ihghh Hyhi mn f`vyvg Nbmkbfnh dfbohshn mvhif`h '89.

afbn n`dv mh`hd ifydhohd$dhohd en}hi, ~hn}v 1:?

:?My" Ghdmhbn Nghb * My" G" H" Jvhm Nghb, Jn`hjh} Sfbmnmnehb N`hd, Sv}heh _f}nh,

Ihbmvbl, of}" NN 'Yfznn., 9338, gh`" 9:6"


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:?

8" N`dv Bhg|v" " N`dv Dhhbn"

=" N`dv ]hjny" 83" N`dv Ih~hb"

6" N`dv ]hvgnm" 88" N`dv Ihmn"

:" N`dv Ghmn}" 89" N`dv Vgv` Jnxg"

_vvbhb Sfbmnmnehb Shmh Dhh SfyvihghbHmh`hg fihlhn ifynev} 1

8. Sfblhanhb H`$Xvyhb fsfy}n shmh dhh fif`vd }hgvb 8>33"9. Sfblhanhb En}hi" Ohyh Dfblhahy Shmh Sfblhanhb8. Vb}ve }nbleh} yfbmhg, ~hn}v dfblhahyehb en}hi$en}hi efshmh dvynm$dvynm

fkyhbl mfdn fkyhbl" Dvynm$dvynm ~hbl yhanb mhb ofymh, ofsh} }hdh}

ehanhbb~h, fmhblehb dvynm$dvynm ~hbl dh`h hsh`hln eh`hv ikmkg, dheh

ify}hgvb$}hgvb }nhmh avlh }hdh} ehanhbb~h" Ehmhbl$ehmhbl ef`vhy mfblhb

}hblhb ghdsh"

9. Vb}ve }nbleh} }nblln, ~hn}v n}fd gh`hxhg" Sf`hahy$sf`hahy ~hbl }fymnyn mhynlvyv$lvyv ihb}v mhb dvynm$dvynm ~hbl dfyhh hbllvs dfblnev}n sf`hahyhb

}nblln, dfblhmhehb gh`hxhg, ~hn}v mvmve df`nblehy dfblghmhs lvyv ifhy,

fmhbl lvyv avlh mvmve"


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:=

Sfyihbmnblhb Sfbmnmnehb N`hd Dfbvyv} _n}fd `hdh Mfblhb ShmhDhh Sfyvihghb

_n}fd @hdh Dhh Sfyvihghb

8" Sf`hahyhb n`dv$n`dv n}v mnhahyehbh}v mfdn h}v"

9" Sf`hahyhb n`dv gkykj mnmhgv`vehbmhyn n`dv bhg|v"

?" Ivev sf`hahyhb ehyhblhb v`hdhNbmkbfnh fy}h mn}fyafdhgehb

mfblhb ihghh Df`h~v"

=" En}hi$en}hi n}v vdvdb~h }v`nhb}hblhb"

6"

Sf`hahyhb vh}v n`dv, ghb~h

mnhahyehb mh`hd h}v dhohd en}hi

hah"

:" ]kek en}hi if`vd hmh, ghb~h hmhkyhbl shbmhn dfb~h`nb en}hi

mfblhb }v`nhb }hblhb"


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:6

N`hd" N`hd ~hbl mnih|h k`fg dhah`hg

H`$Dhbhy mn Dfny"

o" EG" Hgdhm Mhg`hb

EG" Hgdhm Mhg`hb mn`hgnyehb enyh$enyh }hgvb 87:7 h}hv 87:> mn

^kl~hehy}h" \he}v efon` nh dfblhahy dfblhan mn sfhb}yfb dfbvyv} n}fd `hdh"

_f}f`hg `hdh if`hahy mn Nbmkbfnh, nh df`hbav}ehb sf`hahyhbb~h ef }hbhg von

Dfehg" Ififyhsh }hgvb `hdhb~h nh ifydvend mn Dfehg dfbvb}v} n`dv,

efdvmnhb nh sv`hbl ef Nbmkbfnh":=

Mnhb}hyh vhgh mhb ahh$ahh ifhyb~h hmh`hg 1

8. Dfblvihg mhb dfdif}v`ehb hyhg eni`h} ~hbl }nmhe }fsh} dfbvyv} df}nb~h"Vdvdb~h dhanm$dhanm mhb dvgk``h$dvgk``h mn ^kl~hehy}h dfblghmhs

}ndvy mhb kyhbl$kyhbl gk`h} dfblghmhs ef hyhg ihyh} `vyv" Shmhgh` eni`h}

~hbl fifbhyb~h dfbvav ehihg mhyn }hbhg Ah|h ghyv`hg dnynbl ef hyhg

v}hyh 9= mfyhah} mhyn fif`hg ihyh}"

9. Dfblhahyehb mhb dfb~nhyehb hlhdh N`hd mfblhb sksv`fy, ivehb hah mnsfhb}yfb, df`hnbehb nh sfyln ef }fdsh}$}fdsh} `hnb mhb dfbmh}hbln

ifyihlhn lk`kblhb"

?. Dfdifyhb}h inmhg$inmhg mhb egvyhjh} fy}h hmh}$n}nhmh} ~hblify}fb}hblhb mfblhb hahyhb N`hd"

=. Dfbmnynehb sfyevdsv`hb Dvghddhmn~hg shmh }hgvb 8>89 mn ^kl~hehy}hmhb }fyfihy ef f`vyvg Nbmkbfnh hdshn fehyhbl, avlh `fdihlh$`fdihlh

:=Ninm, gh`" 9


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::

sfbmnmnehb dv`hn mhhy, dfbfblhg, gnbllh sfbmnmnehb }nblln ihb~he

mnmnynehb"

=" Sfblfy}nhb mhb _fahyhg Skbmke Sfhb}yfb mn NbmkbfnhDfbvyv} _vmakek Syhkmak, fihlhndhbh }f`hg mnev}ns k`fg My" Dhbjyfm

Qnfdfe, dvblenb n}n`hg skbmke mnhdin` mhyn eghqhbhg ihghh Hyhi jvbmvx

~hbl ifyhy}n yvhbl }nmvy, |ndh h}hv gk}f` fmfyghbh" Mh`hd mvbnh sfhb}yfb

skbmke dfyvshehb vbvy sfb}nbl ehyfbh jvblnb~h fihlhn }fdsh} }nbllh` h}hv

hyhdh hb}yn, feh`nlv vb}ve dfdifmhehb hshehg `fdihlh }fyfiv} `h~he

mnbhdhehb sfhb}yfb h}hv }nmhe" Dfblnblh} }fyehmhbl fivhg dhanm h}hv ihgehb

dvgk``h f}nhs hh} yhdhn mnevbavbln k`fg eh`hblhb dfyfeh ~hbl ifyvbllvg$

vbllvg mh`hd dfbvb}v} n`dv hlhdh, hehb }f}hsn }nmhe mnefbh` fihlhn sfhb}yfb

`hb}hyhb }nmhe dfdn`nen ihblvbhb skbmke h}hv hyhdh hb}yn":6

Sfhb}yfb ifyhh` mhyn eh}h hb}yn, mf

PERAN KYAI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PADA SANTRI DI PONDOK PESANTREN AL-ARIFIN...

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Transcript of PERAN KYAI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PADA SANTRI DI PONDOK PESANTREN AL-ARIFIN...