PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PENGELOLAAN DATA GANGGUAN TELEPON RUMAH(STUDI KASUS DI PT. TELKOM...

7/30/2019 PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PENGELOLAAN DATA GANGGUAN TELEPON RUMAH(STUDI KASUS DI PT. TELKO

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"YXUHC FDYUY HC ^X+ XEMFAJ @D_UX#

MDÂ_DK XU@DY DFBC_

Hcdgufdk Ukxuf Jejekubc Ydmdb Ydxu êrysdrdxdk Femumuydk

^dhd ^ra`rdj Yxuhc Yxrdxd 4 Xefkcf Cklarjdxcfd

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4+4 Mdxdr Oemdfdk` Jdydmdb

êrfejodk`dk xefkama c cklarjdyc hepdyd ckc yejdfck ie~dx jejdyufc

oerod`dc ochdk`- yebck``d odksdf Ckyxdkyc hdk Ar`dkcydyc odcf jcmcf Ypdyxd

jdu~uk êjerckxdb sdk` oeruydbd ukxuf jekck`fdxfdk hdk jekèlcycekfdk

~efergddkksd hek`dk jejdklddxfdk xefkama`c cklarjdyc+

Feelefxclcxdydk yudxu ycyxej cklarjdyc hd~dx hcmcbdx hdrc yegdub jdkd

ycyxej cklarjdyc xeryeoux hd~dx jekàmdb hdxd yebck``d jekgdhc cklarjdyc hdk

cklarjdyc xeryeoux bdruymdb yeyudc hek`dk sdk` hcouxubfdk ameb ycyxej xeryeoux+

Xck`fdx elcycekyc hd~dx hcmcbdx hdrc yegdub jdkd hdxd hc~ermufdk ukxuf ~ekàmdbdk

yemdkguxksd hdmdj jekdj~cmfdk cklarjdyc+ D~docmd ycyxej cklarjdyc xeryeoux

xemdb jejekubc hud frcxercd hc dxdy- jdfd ycyxej cklarjdyc xeryeoux ocyd hcfdxdfdk

ycyxej cklarjdyc sdk` odcf+

^X+Xemefajukcfdyc Ckhakeycd- sdk` yemdkguxksd hcyeoux ^X+XEMFAJ-

jeru~dfdk ~eruydbddk cklarjdyc hdk fajukcfdyc yerxd ~eksehcddk gdyd hdk

gdrck`dk xemefajufdyc sdk` xeryeodr hc Ckhakeycd+ Ydmdb ydxuksd ^X+XEMFAJ

@drux yeod`dc ~eksehcd gdyd xeme~ak fdoem "Lceh Pcre Mcke#- Lceh Pcremeyy-

kexparf hdk ckxerfakefyc- odcf yeidrd mdk`yuk` jdu~uk jemdmuc ~eruydbddk

dyaycdyc+

Ye~erxc fcxd fexdbuc odbpd ~ejodkùkdk yudxu odk`yd hepdyd ckc odksdf

hcxekxufdk ameb fejdj~udk jdysdrdfdx ukxuf ydmck` jekufdr cklarjdyc hdk

~cfcrdk- jemdmuc xemefajukcfdyc jcydmksd+ Xemefajukcfdyc xemdb jekgdhc

feouxubdk ~afaf jdkuycd hdmdj erd jaherk ukxuf ydmck` oerbuouk`dk ydxu

hek`dk sdk` mdck sdk` xer~cydbfdk ameb gdrdf+ êrfejodk`dk yefxar

xemefajukcfdyc ckc~uk xerksdxd yedrdb hdk ~drdmem hek`dk ~erfejodk`dk yefxar*

yefxar ~ejodkùkdk ochdk` efakajc hdk yaycdm ouhdsd odk`yd Ckhakeycd+ Ameb

fdrekd cxu hc~ermufdk yudxu fudmcxdy sdk` odcf d`dr xck`fdx feoerbdycmdk

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fajukcfdyc sdk` hcmdfufdk ameb ~drd ~emdk``dk dxdu ~ek`ùkd xemefajukcfdyc

yejdfck xck``c+

^X+ XEMFAJ @drux xemdb jek`ùkdfdk ~erdmdxdk sdk` hcyeyudcfdk

hek`dk ~erfejodk`dk cmju hdk xefkama`c fbuyuyksd xefkama`c faj~uxer+ Hdmdj

ochdk` ~emdsdkdk "~cmaxck`# ^X+ Xemfaj @drux xemdb jek`ùkdfdk xefkama`c

faj~uxer sdk` hchufuk` hek`dk ldycmcxdy gdrck`dk ckxerkex- kdjuk hdmdj

~ekàmdbdk hdxd `dk`ùdk xeme~ak rujdb jdycb jek`ùkdfdk ~ra`rdj d~mcfdyc

oerodycy Eiem+ Yebck``d hdmdj ~rayey ~ekèmamddk hdk ~ekidrcdk hdxd feruydfdk-

hdxd ~emdk``dk sdk` jek`dmdjc feruydfdk- hdxd ~exu`dy md~dk`dk sdk`jej~erodcfc yerxd ~rayey ~ejoudxdk md~ardk hdxd `dk`ùdk jek`dmdjc feyumcxdk+

Yebck``d hcouxubfdk ycyxej cklarjdyc xerfaj~uxercydyc sdk` hd~dx jejekubc

feouxubdk ~ekèmamddk hdxd xeryeoux+

Yegdmdk hek`dk |cyc XEMFAJ sdcxu ukxuf jekgdhc ~eruydbddk xerfejufd

hc fdpdydk re`cakdm jdfd oerod`dc u~dsd xemdb hcmdfufdk XEMFAJ ukxuf xexd~

uk`ùm ~dhd yemurub ~rahuf hdk mdsdkdk+

Dhd~uk ~rayehur fergd sdk` oermdk`yuk` ~dhd od cdk ~cmaxck` hc ^X+

XEMFAJ @drux- dhdmdb yeod`dc oercfux 7

d+ êmdk``dk jek`buouk`c od`cdk ~cmaxck` hdk jejoercxdbufdk

kajar xeme~ak ~emdk``dk oeyerxd femubdk `dk`ùdk fe~dhd od`cdk

~cmaxck`+

o+ ^cmaxck` jekidxdx hdxd ~emdk``dk yeod`dc hdxd ~emdk``dk sdk`

jek`dmdjc `dk`ùdk+

i+ Fejuhcdk hdxd ~emdk``dk sdk` jek`dmdjc `dk`ùdk ameb od`cdk

~cmaxck`hcoercfdk fe~dhd ~exu`dy md~dk`dk+

h+ Ameb ~exu`dy md~dk`dk hdxd ~emdk``dk sdk` jek`dmdjc `dk`ùdk

hc~ercfyd feruydfdkksd hdk hc~erodcfc- hdk hcidxdx hdxd `dk`ùdkksd+

e+ Fejuhcdk ~exu`dy md~dk`dk jejoercfdk hdxd `dk`ùdk fe~dhd

od`cdk ~cmaxck`- hdrc hdxd `dk`ùdk xeryeoux od cdk ~cmaxck`

jemdfufdk idmm odif fe~dhd ~emdk``dk ukxuf jekèief umdk`

md~ardk hdxd `dk`ùdk d~docmd md~ardk `dk`ùdk yuhdb karjdm od`cdk

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~cmaxck`jek`ck~uxfdk hdxd `dk`ùdk+ Yehdk`fdk d~docmd md~ardk hdxd

`dk`ùdk oemuj karjdm- jdfd od`cdk ~cmaxck`dfdk jekèjodmcfdk

md~ardk `dk`ùdk fe~dhd ~exu`dy md~dk`dk+

l+ Fejuhcdk od`cdk ~cmaxck` jekiexdf md~ardk hdxd `dk`ùdk mdmu

hcoercfdk fe~dhd ALL AJDK "Allcier A~erdxcak Jdckxekdkie

Diieyy Kexparf# hcjdkd yeoemujksd hdxd xeryeoux hcdryc~fdk+ Ameb

ALL AJDK "Allcier A~erdxcak Jdckxekdkie Diieyy Kexparf#

md~ardk hdxd*hdxd `dk`ùdk hc|dmchdyc- yexemdb hc|dmchdyc md~ardk hdxd*

hdxd `dk`ùdk hcoercfdk fe~dhdDGJ AJDK"Dycyxek Gukcar jdkdèr

A~erdxcak Jdckxekdkie Diieyy Kexparf#+

Yebuouk`dk hek`dk ~erjdydmdbdk hdk ~ekgemdydk hc dxdy- hdmdj xu`dy

dfbcr ckc ~eksuyuk jek`ùkdfdk ~ekhefdxdk fak|ekycakdm hek`dk jexahe

Pdxerldmm sdk` hcfejufdfdk ameb Ydkhrd Hakdmyak Hepcxw ~dhd xdbuk 433


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4+9 Xugudk ekemcxcdk

Dhd~uk sdk` jekgdhc xugudk hdrc ~ekemcxcdk ckc dhdmdb jekèjodk`fdk

ycyxej cklarjdyc ~ekèmamddk hdxd `dk`ùdk xeme~ak rujdb yebck``d ycyxej

xeryeoux hd~dx jejoercfdk cklarjdyc sdk` hcouxubfdk hek`dk a~xcjdm+

4+8 Odxdydk Jdydmdb

Dhd~uk odxdydk jdydmdb hdmdj xu`dy dfbcr ckc dhdmdb yeod`dc oercfux 7

4+ Ycyxej Cklarjdyc sdk` hcoudx hchdydrfdk ~dhd dfxclcxdy ocykcy ~ekàmdbdk

hdxd `dk`ùdk xeme~ak rujdb hc pcmdsdb @drux Faxd+

?+ êk`ùkddk jexahe ~ekèjodk`dk ycyxej jek`ùkdfdk jexahe

Pdxerldmm sdk` hcfejufdfdk ameb Ydkhrd Hakdmyak Hepcxw ~dhd xdbuk

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o+ Aoyer|dyc- sdcxu jek`djdxc yeidrd mdk`yuk` od`dcjdkd ~rayey

fajukcfdyc hdxd sdk` yemdjd ckc oergdmdk- yebck``d hdrc ycyc cxu hd~dx

hcfexdbuc cklarjdyc d~d ydgd sdk` dfdk hcdkdmcycy+

i+ Hafujek- sdcxu xefkcf ~ekùj~umdk hdxd hek`dk idrd jej~emdgdrc

oerod`dc hafujek sdk` dhd ~dhd ycyxej sdk` yehdk` oergdmdk+

?+ Ukxuf jekùj~umfdk hdxd yefukher jek`ùkdfdk xefkcf yxuhc

fe~uyxdfddk- sdcxu yudxu xefkcf ~ekùj~umdk hdxd sdk` hcùkdfdk ukxuf

jekùj~umfdk hdxd hek`dk idrd jejodid- jej~emdgdrc hdk jek`dkdmcyd

oeoerd~d oufu sdk` oerfdcxdk hek`dk jdydmdb sdk` oerbuouk`dk hek`dk

~ekemcxcdk ckc+

4+5+? Jexahe êkèjodk`dk Ycyxej

Jexahama c ~ekèjodk`dk ycyxej xerhcrc hdrc oeoerd~d fe cdxdk sdk`

hcfemaj~afdk jekgdhc oeoerd~d xdbd~dk sdk` jejodkxu fcxd hdmdj

~ekèjodk`dk ycyxej+ Dhd~uk jexahama`c ~ekèjodk`dk ~erdk`fdx mukdf sdk`

dfdk hcùkdfdk dhdmdb Pdxerldmm sdk` hcfejufdfdk ameb Ydkhrd Hakdmyak

Hepcxw ~dhd xdbuk 433


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9+ Ysyxej Heyc`k " êrdkidk`dk Ycyxej #

C+ êrdkidk`dk Ujuj 7

d+ Jekexd~fdk ~erdkidk`dk Ck~ux ^raieyyck` Aux~ux Yxardè Iakxram

"CÂYI#

o+ Yamuyc jekè|dmudyc

i+ Jejcmcb yamuyc "jerdkidk`#

CC+ êrdkidk`dk Xer~erckic

d+ Jekexd~fdk ~erdkidk`dkêa~me ^raiehurey Hdxd Yalxpdre Bdrhpdre

"^^HYB#

* êrdkidk`dk odycy hdxd

* Hcydck dxdu ~eramebdk ~erdk`fdx mukdf

* Hcydck ~emdxcbdk hdk jdkudm

o+ Y~eyclcfdyc hafujek hdk ~ejdfdc jek`dfbcrc

8+ Ysyxej Cj~mejekxdxcak " Cj~mejekxdyc Ycyxej #

d+ Jejodkùk faj~akek hdk jejercfyd ~rayehur hdxd ~erdk`fdx ferdy

~erdk`fdx mukdf " ^^HYB #

* êmdxcbdk ~ejdfdc

* Jejodkùk odycyhdxd

* Fahe ~erdk`fdx mukdf

* Ycd~fdk ldycmcxdy ukxuf ~erdk`fdx ferdy

* Jemdfufdk ~ekùgcdk ! ~emdxcbdk

remcjckdrs

Ck|eyxc dxcak-

YsyxejDkdmsycy

YsyxejHeyc k

YsyxejCj~mejekxdxcak-

* @ekerdm raomej Helckcxcak* Aogeixc|ey Iakyxrdckxy* Ledycocmcxs

* Ysyxej Ek|crakjekx

* CÂYI retucrejekxy* Ibayek Yamuxcak

* Y~eiclcidxcaky Al ^ HYB

iaj~akekx

A~erdxcakdm YsyxejLeehodif Maa~

@djodr 4+4 Xrdhcxcakdm "Pdxerldmm# Ysyxej He|ema~jekx Jexbahama`s

Yujoer 7 Ydkhrd Hakdmyak Hepcxw- 433>5#+

Helckcyc ycyxej hcdxdy meocb jekefdkfdk ~dhd ~rayehurksd+ Yehdk`fdk

helckcyc ycyxej sdk` meocb jekefdkfdk ~dhd emejek dxdu faj~akek*faj~akek

~eksuyukdksd hchelckcycfdk yeod`dc oercfux7

Ycyxej dhdmdb fuj~umdk hdrc emejek*emejek sdk` ydmck` oerckxerdfyc

ukxuf jekid~dc yudxu xugudk xerxekxu - "Ga`csdkxa- ?>>5#+

Jekurux fdjuy Peoyxery Ukdorchèh- ycyxej dhdmdb emejek*emejek sdk`

ydmck` oerbuouk`dk jejoekxuf ydxu feydxudk dxdu ar`dkcydyc+ "Djysdb- Wumfclmc-

?>>5#+

Hdrc oeoerd~d helckcyc ycyxej hcdxdy hd~dx hcycj~umfdk odbpd ycyxej

dhdmdb fuj~umdk emejek*emejek sdk` oerckxerdfyc hdk ydmck` oerbuouk`dk ukxuf

jemdfufdk yudxu fe cdxdk dxdu ukxuf jeksemeydcfdk yudxu ydydrdk hdk ukxuf

jekid~dc yudxu xugudk xerxekxu+

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Ukxuf xugudk ~ejdfdcdk ycyxej hdmdj ycyxej cklarjdyc jdkdgejek-

jahum ycyxej ~dhd `djodr oercfux dhdmdb iakxab sdk` gemdy jekèkdc buouk`dk

hdrc emejek*emejek sdk` yeidrd oerydjd*ydjd jejoekxuf ydxu feydxudk sdk`

hcyeoux hek`dk ycyxej+ Jahum ycyxej hc`djodrfdk yeod`dc oercfux- 7

@djodr ?+4 Jahum Ycyxej- "Djysdb- Wumfclmc- ?>>5#+

Yudxu ycyxej xerhcrc hdrc ej~dx emejek yuoycyxej 7

4+ Jdyufdk- fuj~umdk hdxd xrdkydfyc fe feyeoudb ~ekàmdbdk hdxd jehcuj-

iakxabksd ~eksarxcrdk hdxd+

?+ êkàmdbdk- ukxuf jekèmamd yurdx femudr hdk yurdx jdyuf ~ekàmdbdkksd

hcmdfufdk hek`dk idrd jdkudm- ye~erxc jekèmaj~affdk hdxd "yurdx femudr

hdk yurdx jdyuf# fehdmdj `rau~ oerhdydrfdk icrc yurdx- ka urux yurdx hdk

yeod`dcksd+

9+ Femudrdk- jekdj~cmfdk bdycm sdk` hchd~dx hdrc fe`cdxdk yeoemujksd

oeru~d cklarjdyc sdk` hcouxubfdk ye~erxc jekdj~cmfdk md~ardk "yurdx femudr

hdk yurdx jdyuf#+

8+ Uj~dk odmcf dxdu fakxram- xerhcrc hdrc uyum ~erodcfdk sdk` hcoercfdk ameb

ukcx ~ek`dpdydk juxu hdrc ckyxdkyc sdk` oerydk`fuxdk+

?+4+? Fdrdfxercyxcf Ycyxej

Yudxu ycyxej jej~uksdc fdrdfxercyxcf dxdu ycldx*ycldx xerxekxu- sdcxu

jej~uksdc faj~akek*faj~akek ycyxej- odxdydk*odxdydk ycyxej- mck`fuk`dk mudr

ycyxej- ~ek`buouk`- jdyufdk ycyxej- femudrdk ycyxej- ~ekàmdbdk ycyxej hdk

ydydrdk dxdu xugudk ycyxej+

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Jdyufdk Femudrdkêkàmdbdk

Uj~dk Odmcf


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d+ Faj~akek Ycyxej

Yudxu ycyxej xerhcrc hdrc yegujmdb ycyxej sdk` ydmck` oerckxerdfyc- sdk` drxcksd

ydmck` oefergd ydjd jejoekxuf ydxu feydxudk+

o+ Odxdydk Ycyxej

Odxdydk yudxu ycyxej jekukguffdk rudk` mck`fu~ ycyxej+

i+ Mck`fuk`dk Mudr Ycyxej

Mck`fuk`dk mudr ycyxej dhdmdb ye`dmd yeyudxu sdk` oerdhd hcmudr odxdy ycyxej

sdk` jej~ek`drubc a~erdyc ycyxej+

h+ êk`buouk` Ycyxej

êk`buouk` ycyxej jeru~dfdk jehcd sdk` jek`buouk`fdk dkxdrd ydxu

yuoycyxej hek`dk yuoycyxej sdk` mdckksd+

e+ Jdyufdk Ycyxej

Jdyufdk ycyxej dhdmdb ~ekekxu femudrdk ycyxej+

l+ Femudrdk Ycyxej

Femudrdk ycyxej dhdmdb bdycm hdrc ~ejrayeydk jdyufdk ycyxej+ Femudrdk

ycyxej ckc hd~dx oeru~d cklarjdyc odru jdu~uk hdxd sdk` dfdk hcgdhcfdk

jdyufdk ycyxej fejodmc+

`+ êkàmdbdk Ycyxej

êkàmdbdk ycyxej dfdk jekàmdb hdxd jdyufdk sdk` kdkxcksd dfdk

jek`bdycmfdk hdxd femudrdk+

b+ Ydydrdk Ycyxej

Yexcd~ ycyxej jej~uksdc xugudk "àdm# dxdu ydydrdk "aogeixc|e# sdk` xemdb

hcxekxufdk fexcfd ~erekidkddk ~ejoudxdk ycyxej+

?+4+9 Fmdyclcfdyc Ycyxej

Ycyxej hd~dx hcfmdyclcfdk hdrc oeoerd~d yuhux ~dkhdk`dk- hcdkxdrdksd dhdmdb

yeod`dc oercfux7

4+ Ycyxej hcfmdyclcfdycfdk yeod`dc ycyxej doyxrdf "doyxrdix ysyxej# hdk

ycyxej lcycf "~bsycidm ysyxej#+

Ycyxej doyxrdf dhdmdb ycyxej sdk` oeru~d ~ejcfcrdk dxdu che*che sdk` xchdf

xdj~df yeidrd lcycf+ Yehdk`fdk ycyxej lcycf jeru~dfdk ycyxej sdk` dhd yeidrd

lcycf+

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?+ Ycyxej hcfmdyclcfdycfdk yeod`dc ycyxej dmdjcdb "kdxurdm ysyxej#hdk ycyxej

oudxdk jdkuycd "bujdk jdhe ysyxej#+

Ycyxej dmdjcdb dhdmdb ycyxej sdk` xergdhc jemdmuc ~rayey dmdj- xchdf hcoudx

jdkuycd+ Ycyxej oudxdk jdkuycd dhdmdb ycyxej sdk` hcrdkidk` jdkuycd

hek`dk jemcodxfdk ckxerdfyc dkxdrd hek`dk jeyck ye~erxc ycyxej cklarjdyc+

9+ Ycyxej hcfmdyclcfdycfdk yeod`dc ycyxej xerxekxu "hexerjckcyxci ysyxej# hdk

ycyxej xchdf xekxu "~raodocmcyxci ysyxej#+

Ycyxej xerxekxu oera~erdyc hek`dk xck`fdb mdfu sdk` yuhdb hd~dx hc~rehcfyc

yebck``d femudrdk hdrc ycyxej hd~dx hcrdjdmfdk+ Ycyxej xchdf xekxu dhdmdb

ycyxej sdk` fakhcyc jdyd he~dkksd xchdf hd~dx hc~rehcfyc fdrekd

jek`dkhuk` ukyur ~raodocmcxdy+

8+ Ycyxej hcfmdyclcfdycfdk yeod`dc ycyxej xerxuxu~ "imayeh ysyxej # hdk ycyxej

xeroufd "a~ek ysyxej#+

Ycyxej xerxuxu~ jeru~dfdk ycyxej sdk` xchdf oerbuouk`dk hdk xchdf

xer~ek`drub hek`dk mck`fuk`dk mudrksd- oefergd yeidrd axajdxcy xdk~d dhd

xurux idj~ux xdk`dk hdrc ~cbdf mudrksd+ Yehdk`fdk ycyxej xeroufd dhdmdb

ycyxej sdk` oerbuouk`dk hdk xer~ek`drub hek`dk mckfuk`dk mudrksd- ycyxej

ckc jekercjd jdyufdk hdk jek`bdycmfdk femudrdk ukxuf mck`fuk`dk dxdu

yuoycyxej sdk` mdckksd+

?+4+8 Helckcyc Cklarjdyc

Cklarjdyc jeru~dfdk yudxu bdm sdk` ydk`dx hcouxubfdk hc hdmdj yudxu

ar`dkcydyc dxdu~uk ckyxdkyc oerhdydrfdk feouxubdk jdkdgejek jdyck`*jdyck`+

Cklarjdyc hchelckcycfdk yeod`dc oercfux 7

Cklarjdyc dhdmdb hdxd sdk` yuhdb hcamdb- hcoekxuf- dxdu hcjdkc~umdyc

yeyudc hek`dk fe~ermudk xerxekxu- "Djysdb- Wumfclmc- ?>>5#+

Cklarjdyc dhdmdb hdxd sdk` hcamdb jekgdhc oekxuf sdk` meocb oer`ukd

hdk meocb oerdrxc od`c sdk` jekercjdksd- "Ga`csdkxa- ?>>5#+

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Hdrc fehud ~ekèrxcdk xeryeoux hd~dx hcycj~umfdk odbpd cklarjdyc dhdmdb

hdxd sdk` yexemdb hcamdb dxdu hc~rayey- jek`bdycmfdk cklarjdyc sdk` jejcmcfc

kcmdc hdk meocb oerjdklddx od`c ~ek`ùkdksd+

?+4+5 Ycfmuy Cklarjdyc

Hdxd jeru~dfdk oekxuf sdk` jdycb jekxdb sdk` oemuj hd~dx oeriercxd

odksdf- yebck``d ~ermu hcamdb meocb mdkgux+ Hdxd hcamdb jemdmuc yudxu jahem ukxuf

jek`bdycmfdk cklarjdyc hek`dk jek`ùkdfdk yudxu jahem xerxekxu+

@djodr ?+? Ycfmuy Cklarjdyc- "Ga`csdkxa- ?>>5#+

Hdxd sdk` hcamdb jemdmuc yudxu jahem jekgdhc cklarjdyc- ~ekercjd

fejuhcdk jekercjd cklarjdyc xeryeoux- jejoudx yudxu fe~uxuydk hdk jemdfufdk

xckhdfdk- sdk` oerdrxc jek`bdycmfdk yudxu xckhdfdk sdk` mdck sdk` dfdk jejoudx

yegujmdb hdxd fejodmc+ Hdxd xeryeoux dfdk hcxdk`fd~ yeod`dc ck~ux- hc~rayey

fejodmc mepdx yudxu jahem hdk yexeruyksd jejoekxuf yudxu ycfmuy+

?+4+< Kcmdc Cklarjdyc

Jdklddx cklarjdyc dhdmdb ukxuf jejodkxu jejoerc fegemdydk hdrc yeyudxu

fexchdf~dyxcdk dxdu ukxuf jekùrdk`c fexchdf~dyxcdk xeryeoux- yebck``d jdkuycd

hd~dx jejoudx yeyudxu fe~uxuydk hek`dk fe~dyxcdk sdk` meocb odcf hdk

jekùkxuk`fdk+

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^rayey " Jahem #

Ck~ux " Hdxd #

Hdxd "Hcxdk`fd~#

Bdycm

Xckhdfdk

Fe~uxuydk

Xckhdfdk

êkercjd

Aux~ux

"Cklarjdxcak#Hdydr

Hdxd


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Yeod`dcjdkd fcxd fexdbuc- mehdfdk cklarjdyc jeru~dfdk ~raomej ksdxd

~dhd erd faj~uxercydyc sdk` oerfejodk` ie~dx ckc+ Fe~ermudk dfdk cklarjdyc

yuhdb hcfekdm oekdr- hdk oufdk gujmdb cklarjdyc sdk` ~ekxck` xexd~c kcmdcksd+

Kcmdc cklarjdyc hcxekxufdk ameb mcjd fdrdfxercyxcfksd- sdcxu "Djysdb- Wumfclmc-

?>>5# 7

Fexemcxcdk "diiurdis#

Fexe~dxdk pdfxu "xcjemckeyy#

Femek`fd~dk

Ferck`fdydk "iakicyekeyy#

Feyeyudcdk "reme|dkis#

4+ Fexemcxcdk

Fexemcxcdk dxdu dfurdyc hd~dx hchelckcycfdk yeod`dc ~erodkhck`dk

hdrc cklarjdyc sdk` oekdr hek`dk gujmdb yemurub cklarjdyc sdk`

hcbdycmfdk ~dhd ydxu ~rayey ~ek`amdbdk hdxd xerxekxu+ Jcydmksd hdrc 4>>>

mejodr ief `dgc xcd~ oumdk sdk` hc~rayey hek`dk faj~uxer xerhd~dx 32>

mejodr sdk` dk`fdksd oekdr- jdfd hcfdxdfdk odbpd xck`fdx fexemcxcdk

dhdmdb >-32% dxdu 32%+

Yudxu ~eryekxdye kcmdc dfurdyc xerbcxuk` odcf dxdu furdk` odcf

xer`dkxuk` fe~dhd kcmdc dxdu xck`fdx fexemcxcdk sdk` hc~ermufdk hdmdj

fe`cdxdk oerydk`fuxdk+ Ukxuf ~ejodsdrdk `dgc- feydmdbdk ?> mejodr ief

xchdf hd~dx hcxercjd- xexd~c ukxuf ck|ekxdrcydyc yufu idhdk` sdk` jurdb

kcmdc 32% xerjdyuf ydk`dx odcf+

Fexchdfxemcxcdk jeru~dfdk feydmdbdk jdkuycd dxdu jeyck oerluk`yc

furdk` odcf+ Feydmdbdk jdkuycd hdmdj jekheydck ycyxej-

jek`a~erdycfdk jeyck- jekscd~fdk hdxd jdyufdk- hdk mdck*mdck+ Yerck`

jeru~dfdk ~ekseodo uxdjd xergdhcksd fexchdfxemcxcdk cklarjdyc sdk`

hcbdycmfdk+

?+ Fexe~dxdk Pdfxu

Fexe~dxdk pdfxu jeru~dfdk fdrdfxercyxcf cklarjdyc mdckksd sdk`

~ekxck`+ Oufdk bdksd oerkcmdc odru dxdu mdjd- xexd~c xe~dx pdfxu dxdu

yexchdfksd yddx cklarjdyc hc~ermufdk+ Fekhdxc~uk cklarjdycksd dfurdx

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17/151

xexd~c fdmdu hcxercjdksd dxdu hcfexdbucksd xermdjodx xekxu ydgd yuhdb xchdf

oer`ukd+ Dfurdyc ydgd xchdfmdb iufu~+ Ocmd cklarjdyc hc~ermufdk yepdfxu*

pdfxu jdfd hcbdrd~fdk cklarjdyc xeryeoux hd~dx hcyehcdfdk yeie~dx pdfxu

sdk` hc~ermufdk+ Ye~erxc bdmksd ~dhd ldfxar fexemcxcdk- fexe~dxdk pdfxu

hdrc yudxu cklarjdyc ~uk ydk`dx xer`dkxuk` fe~dhd fe~ermudk dfdk

cklarjdyc sdk` oerydk`fuxdk+

9+ Femek`fd~dk

Fdhdk`*fdhdk` jdkdger jek`bdhd~c yudxu fe~uxuydk sdk` bdruy

hcoudx hek`dk cklarjdyc sdk` xemcxc- pdfxu sdk` xe~dx- xexd~c cklarjdycksdxchdf mek`fd~+ Iakxab cklarjdyc sdk` xchdf mek`fd~ iufu~ odksdf+

Jcydmksd yeardk` jdkdger jekhd~dx uk`hdk`dk rd~dx+ Gekcy hdk jdydmdb

rd~dx jdycb ck`dx- gdj hdk bdrc rd~dx ~uk jdycb hd~dx hcck`dx+ Xexd~c

fdrekd ukhdk`dk xchdf hcodpd jdfd xej~dx rd~dx hcyemek``drdfdk xchdf

hcck`dx+ Cxu ydmdb ydxu iakxab yeherbdkd fexchdfmek`fd~dk cklarjdyc+

Yerck` fdmc fe cdxdk ocykcy sdk` jejermufdk ~ek`djocmdk fe~uxuydk

yeidrd ie~dx jekgdhc xerxukhd bdksd fdrekd furdk` mek`fd~ksd cklarjdyc

sdk` dhd+

8+ _ck`fdy

Cklarjdyc sdk` oerkcmdc ukxuf jdkdger dhdmdb cklarjdyc sdk`

rck`fdy hdk mdk`yuk` jek`ekdc ydydrdk sdk` hc~ermufdk " xa xbe ~ackx #+

Md~ardk sdk` hcoercfdk bekhdfmdb rck`fdy hdk gemdy- xchdf oerxeme*xeme hdk

oermeocbdk- odcf hdmdj cyc jdu~uk odbdydksd+

Cklarjdyc sdk` oerkcmdc meocb iekheruk` oerycldx ye~erxc yudxu

feycj~umdk- hdk dfdk meocb gemdy hdk oerkcmdc xck``c ocmd hd~dx hcyerxdc

hek`dk od`dk- `rdlcf- xdoem hdk oekxuf ydxcyxcf mdckksd+

5+ Feyeyudcdk

Cklarjdyc sdk` oerkcmdc xck` c xekxu ydgd jej~erysdrdxfdk ~umd

ukyur femcjd sdcxu yeyudc " reme|dk #+ Cklarjdyc bekhdfmdb yeyudc hek`dk

fe~ermudk ~efergddk dxdu fe~ermudk jdkdgejek+

3


18/151

Cklarjdyc bekhdfmdb yeyudc " reme|dk # hek`dk xugudk sdk` dfdk

hcid~dc+ Hdxd sdk` ydjd yerck` fdmc ~ermu hcamdb yeidrd oeroehd ukxuf

jej~erameb cklarjdyc sdk` yeyudc hek`dk fe~ermudk ukcx jdyck`*jdyck`+

Yudxu cklarjdyc hd~dx hcfdxdfdk oerkcmdc ocmd jej~uksdc mcjd ukyur

fdrfxercyxcf ye~erxc xeryeoux hcdxdy+ Xck``c dxdu rekhdbksd kcmdc xer`dkxuk` fe~dhd

faj~aycyc dxdu `douk`dk kcmdc femcjd ukyur hdk jerdxdksd kcmdc jdyck`*jdyck`

ukyur oerydk`fuxdk+

?+4+0 Helckcyc Ycyxej Cklarjdyc

Hdrc oeoerd~d helckcyc jekèkdc ycyxej hdk cklarjdyc sdk` xemdb

hcgemdyfdk hcdxdy- jdfd Ycyxej Cklarjdyc hd~dx hchelckcycfdk yeod`dc oercfux 7

Ycyxej Cklarjdyc dhdmdb yudxu ycyxej hc hdmdj yudxu ar`dkcydyc sdk`

jej~erxejufdk feouxubdk ~ekàmdbdk xrdkydfyc bdrcdk- jekhufuk`

a~erdyc- oerycldx jdkdgercdm hdk fe`cdxdk yxrdxe`c hdrc yudxu ar`dkcydyc

hdk jeksehcdfdk ~cbdf mudr xerxekxu hek`dk md~ardk*md~ardk sdk`

hc~ermufdk - "Ga`csdkxa- ?>>5#+

Ycyxej cklarjdyc dhdmdb ~ek`dxurdk hdxd- ardk` hdk xefkama`c cklarjdyc

sdk` oerckxerdfyc ukxuf jekùj~umfdk- jej~rayey- jekscj~dk hdk

jeksehcdfdk yeod`dc aux~ux cklarjdyc sdk` hc~ermufdk ukxuf jekhufuk`

ar`dkcydyc- "Pbcxek- Gellres- ?>>8#+

Ycyxej cklarjdyc jeru~dfdk yudxu ycyxej sdk` ydmck` odrfdcxdk hdk

oerckxe`rdyc ydxu ydjd mdck hdk oerxugudk ukxuf jeksehcdfdk cklarjdyc ukxuf

jekhufuk` a~erdyc- jdkdgejek hdk luk`yc ~ek`djocmdk fe~uxuydk hdmdj yudxu

ar`dkcydyc+

?+4+2 Faj~akek hdk Fe`cdxdk Ycyxej Cklarjdyc

Hdmdj yeoudb ycyxej cklarjdyc xerhd~dx faj~akek*faj~akek sdk`

oerluk`yc yeod`dc ~ekhufuk`- faj~akek*faj~akek xeryeoux hcdkxdrdksd dhdmdb

yeod`dc oercfux7

4+ Jdkuycd-ye~erxc a~erdxar- ~ejcj~ck ycyxej cklarjdyc hdk yeod`dcksd+

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19/151

?+ Bdrhpdre "êrdk`fdx Ferdy#- xerhcrc hdrc faj~uxer- ~erclerdm hdk

gdrck`dk+

9+ Yalxpdre "êrdk`fdx Mukdf#- jeru~dfdk fuj~umdk ~erckxdb dxdu

luk`yc sdk` hcxumcy hek`dk dxurdk xerxekxu ukxuf jejerckxdbfdk faj~uxer

jemdfydkdfdk xu`dy xerxekxu+

8+ Hdxd- jeru~dfdk faj~akek hdydr hdrc cklarjdyc sdk` dfdk hc~rayey

meocb mdkgux ukxuf jek`bdycmfdk cklarjdyc+

5+ ^rayehur- ye~erxc hafujekxdyc ~rayehur dxdu ~rayey ycyxej- oufu ~ekukxuk

a~erdycakdm "d~mcfdyc# hdk xefkcy+

Yemdck faj~akek*faj~akek sdk` xerhd~dx hdmdj ycyxej cklarjdyc- gu`d

ycyxej cklarjdyc jejcmcfc oeoerd~d fe`cdxdk- sdcxu "Fekhdmm dkh Fekhdmm- ?>>?#7

d+ Ck~ux- yudxu hdxd- odcf xefy dxdu dk`fd sdk` hcjdyufdk fehdmdj yudxu

ycyxej cklarjdyc ukxuf ~ekscj~dkdk dxdu ~ej~rayeydk jemdmuc larjumcr-

mdsdr- yudrd- dxdu larjumcr cycdk ckxerdfxcl hc peo+

o+ ^rayey- fe`cdxdk*fe`cdxdk sdk` jek`dmcbfdk hdk jekùodb hdxd hdmdj

yudxu ycyxej cklarjdyc+ Ocyd oeru~d jdkudm dxdu axajdxcy+

i+ Aux~ux- cklarjdyc sdk` hcfcrcj fe~ek`ùkd jemdmuc ycyxej cklarjdyc

jemdmuc idrd ckxrdkex- efyxrdkex dxdu peo ~dhd md~ardk iexdfdk- mdsdr

hcy~mds dxdu jemdmuc rdhca+

h+ êkscj~dkdk- yudxu fe`cdxdk ukxuf jejemcbdrd hdk jekscj~dk hdxd+

e+ Uj~dk Odmcf- yudxu oekxuf ycyxej iakxram "iakxram ysyxej#+

l+ Fakxram- yudxu dfxclcxdy ukxuf jekgdjck odbpd ycyxej cklarjdyc xeryeoux

oergdmdk yeyudc hek`dk sdk hcbdrd~fdk+

?+4+3 Gekcy*gekcy Ycyxej Cklarjdyc

Ycyxej cklarjdyc hcfejodk`fdk ukxuf xugudk sdk` oeroehd*oehd-

xer`dkxuk` feouxubdk ocykcy "Fekhdmm dkh Fekhdmm- ?>>?#+

d+ Xrdkydixcak ^raieyyck` Ysyxej

Xrdkydixcak ~raieyyck` ysyxej dhdmdb ycyxej cklarjdyc sdk`

xerfaj~uxercydyc sdk` hcfejodk`fdk ukxuf jej~rayey hdxd*hdxd gujmdb

oeydr ukxuf xrdkydfyc ocykcy ruxck+

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20/151

o+ Allcie Duxajdxcak Ycyxej hdk Fkapmehè Parf Ysyxej

Allcie Duxajdxcak Ycyxej hdk Fkapmehè Parf Ysyxej dhdmdb

yeoudb ycyxej cklarjdyc sdk` jekhufuk` dfxc|cxdy fdkxar ocykcy yeidrd

mudy sdk` jeksehcdfdk dmcrdk fergd sdk` hc~erodcfc hcdkxdrd ~drd ~efergd+

i+ Ycyxej Cklarjdyc Jdkdgejek

Ycyxej Cklarjdyc Jdkdgejek dhdmdb yeoudb ycyxej cklarjdyc sdk`

yuhdb xerfaj~uxercydyc sdk` oefergd fdrekd dhdksd ckxerdfyc dkxdrd

jdkuycd hdk iaj~uxer+

h+ Heicycak Yu~~arx Ysyxej

Heicycak Yu~~arx Ysyxej dhdmdb yeoudb ycyxej cklarjdyc sdk`

jejodkxu jek`chekxclcfdyc feyej~dxdk ~ejoudxdk fe~uxuydk dxdu

jeksehcdfdk cklarjdyc ukxuf jejodkxu ~ejoudxdk fe~uxuydk+

e+ Ycyxej Dbmc hdk Feierhdydk Oudxdk

Ycyxej Dbmc hdk Feierhdydk Oudxdk dhdmdb yudxu femdy sdk` ydk`dx

y~eicdm sdk` hcoudx yehejcfcdk ru~d yebck``d ocyd hc~rdfxcfdk ukxuf

hcùkdfdk hdmdj ocykcy yeod`dc dfcodx hdrc yejdfck odksdfksd ~erdk`fdx

ferdy hdk ~erdk`fdx mukdf ye~erxc iaj~uxer ~rcodhc hdkybemmycyxej dbmc+

l+ @rau~ Heicycak Yu~~arx Ysyxej hdk Iaj~uxer Yu~~arxeh Iammdoardxc|e

Parf Ysyxejy

@rau~ Heicycak Yu~~arx Ysyxej hdk Iaj~uxer Yu~~arxeh

Iammdoardxc|e Parf Ysyxejy hc ùdkdfdk hc rudk`dk fbuyuy sdk`

hcmek`fd~c hek`dk yegujmdb faklc urdyc sdk` oeroehd*oehd-

jejuk`fckfdk dk`àxd femaj~af oerckxerdfyc hek`dk ~ekhufuk`

emefxrakcf- yerck`ksd hdmdj oekxuf ~erdk`fdx mukdf fbuyuy hdk yudxu

ldycmcxdxar femaj~cf fbuyuy+

`+ Eeiuxc|e Yu~~arx Ysyxejy

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21/151

Eeiuxc|e Yu~~arx Ysyxejy dhdmdb ycyxej iaj~uxer sdk`

jejodkxu ~drd efyefuxcl jek`dxur ckxerdfyc jerefd hek`dk mck`fuk`dk

efyxerkdm- hek`dk jeksehcdfdk hufuk`dk fajukcfdyc hdk `rdlcf+

?+? Fakye~ Hdydr Jdkdgejek Ycyxej Cklarjdyc

?+?+4+ Jdkdgejek

Jdkdgejek hd~dx hchelckcycfdk yeod`dc oercfux7

Jdkdgejek dhdmdb ~rayey fe`cdxdk jekèmamd yujoer hdsd jdkuycd-

jdxercdm- hdk jexahe oerhdydrfdk luk`yc*luk`yc jdkdgejek d`dr xugudk

hd~dx xerid~dc yeidrd elcycek hdk elefxcl- "Djysdb- Wumfclmc- ?>>5#+

?+?+?+ Xck`fdx Jdkdgejek

Hdmdj ar`dkcydyc xerhd~dx xck`fdxdk*xck`fdxdk jdkdgejek- yeod`dc ufurdk

xck``c rekhdbksd xck`fdx femaj~af ~cj~ckdkksd+ Fdrekd ar`dkcydyc xerod`c hdmdj

ukcx*ukcx fergd- jdfd xck`fdxdk xeryeoux jeru~dfdk gu`d xck`fdx ukcx fergd+

Xck`fdx xeryeoux ujujksd xerhcrc hdrc xck`fdxdk jdkdgejek mckc dxdy "xa~

jdkdèjekx#- jdkdgejek mckc xek`db "jchhme jdkdèjekx# hdk jdkdgejek mckc

odbpd "maper jdkdèjekx#+

@djodr ?+9 Xck`fdx Jdkdgejek- "Djysdb- Wumfclmc- ?>>5#+

Fe`cdxdk jdkdgejek mckc ~ukidf dhdmdb jejlarjumdycfdk ~erekidkddk

hdk yxrdxe`c+ Xck`fdx jdkdgejek ckc oerarcekxdyc ~dhd jdyd he~dk ar`dkcydyc hdk

jekckgdu bdycm fergd hdk ~ekid~dcdk xugudk ar`dkcydyc yeidrd ujuj hdk

jeksemurub+ Xu`dy*xu`dy ~dhd xck`fdx ckc xeruxdjd jek`faarhckdycfdk

feyemurubdk u~dsd ar`dkcydyc hdk buouk`dk hek`dk mdck*mdck ar`dkcydyc hdk

jdysdrdfdx+

4>>

Jdkdgejek

Mckc Odpdb

Jdkdgejek

Mckc Xek`db

Jdkdgejek

Mckc Dxdy


22/151

Jdkdgejek mckc xek`db oerxu`dy jekckgdu bdycm hdmdj ar`dkcydyc hdk

hek`dk fe`cdxdk*fe`cdxdk ~ek`dpdydk sdk` jek`èrdffdk ar`dkcydyc jekid~dc

ydydrdk+ Jdkdgejek ~dhd mckc ckc meocb oerarcekxdyc ~dhd jdydmdb*jdydmdb

~emdxcbdk ~eryakdm- ~erxcjodk`dk xerbdhd~ ~eryakdm- ~ek`dhddk ~erdmdxdk hdk

odbdk- hdk mdck*mdck sdk` oerbuouk`dk hek`dk jdydmdb*jdydmdb frcxcy hdmdj

jekid~dc feoerbdycmdk fckergd+

^dhd jdkdgejek mckc odpdb xerhd~dx gujmdb jdkdger sdk` odksdf- yeyudc

hek`dk oekxuf ~crdjchd ar`dkcydyc sdk` jdfck jejoeydr fe odpdb+ Xck`fdx ckc

hcyeoux gu`d xck`fdx jdkdgejek a~erdycakdm+ Xu`dy ~ekxck`ksd dhdmdb jek`dpdychdk jek`dxur ~eryakdm oerfexerdj~cmdk xefkcy dxdu fdrsdpdk ocdyd+ ^drd jdkdger

~dhd xck`fdx ckc jekùydbdfdk d`dr ~efergddk hcmdfydkdfdk yeyudc ~rayehur hdk

jexahe sdk` yuhdb hcxekxufdk- yebck``d ~efergddk hd~dx hcyemeydcfdk yeyudc

rekidkd- yeyudc gdhpdm pdfxu- buouk`dk jdkuycd- ~ejocdsddk hdk ~ek`dpdydk

fudmcxdy+

?+?+9+ Luk`yc Jdkdgejek

Ukxuf jekid~dc xugudkksd- ar`dkcydyc jejermufdk hufuk`dk jdkdgejek

hek`dk oerod`dc luk`ycksd sdk` hcyeyudcfdk hek`dk feouxubdk ar`dkcydyc

jdyck`*jdyck`+ Fe`cdxdk luk`yc*luk`yc xeryeoux jejermufdk hdxd hdk cklarjdyc-

hdk dfdk jek`bdycmfdk hdxd hdk cklarjdyc ~umd+ Oeoerd~d luk`yc jdkdgejek

~afaf dhdmdb7

d+ êrekidkddk

Oerfdcxdk hek`dk ~eksuyukdk xugudk hdk jekgdodrfdkksd hdmdj oekxuf

~erekidkddk ukxuf jekid~dc xugudk xeryeoux+

o+ êkàr`dkcydycdk

Oerfdcxdk hek`dk ~ekèmaj~afdk ~eryakem hdk xu`dyksd ukxuf jekgdmdkfdk

~efergddk yeyudc xu`dy hdk jcycksd+

i+ êk`dxurdk ~eryakem

Oerfdcxdk hek`dk fe`cdxdk ocjock`dk hdk ~ek`dxurdk fergd ~eryakem ukcx

jdyck`*jdyck` jdkdgejek+

h+ êk`drdbdk

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Oerfdcxdk hek`dk fe`cdxdk jemdfufdk ~ek`drdbdk*~ek`drdbdk- xu`dy*xu`dy

hdk ckyxrufyc+

e+ êk`dpdydk

Oerfdcxdk hek`dk ~ejercfyddk ukxuf jekekxufdk ydj~dc yegdub jdkd

fejdgudk sdk` hcid~dc hdk jemdfufdk farefyc od`c ~emdfydkddk sdk` oemuj

xeryemeydcfdk yeyudc rekidkd+

?+?+8+ Helckcyc Jdkdgejek Ycyxej Cklarjdyc

Jdkdgejek Ycyxej Cklarjdyc "JYC# oerdydm hdrc fdxd Jdkdèjekx al

Cklarjdxcak Ysyxej sdk` mdwcj hcyck`fdx JYC+ Dhd~uk helckcyc hdrc JYC dhdmdb7

JYC dhdmdb jdxd fumcdb sdk` jej~emdgdrc idrd*idrd jekèmamd ~efergddk

cklarjdyc hek`dk jek`ùkdfdk ~ekhefdxdk ycyxej sdk` oerhdydrfdk ~dhd

~rckyc~*~rckyc~ jdkdgejek- "Djysdb- Wumfclmc- ?>>5#+

Fdrekd ycyxej cklarjdyc hcfergdfdk hek`dk jek`ùkdfdk ~rckyc~*~rckyc~

jdkdgejek d`dr xugudk hd~dx xerid~dc yeidrd elcycek hdk elefxcl jdfd hcyeoux

Jdkdgejek Ycyxej Cklarjdyc "JYC#+

?+?+5+ _udk` Mck`fu~ êfergddk Jdkdgejek Ycyxej Cklarjdyc

êfergddk JYC oerfejodk` jemdmuc ej~dx ~rayey yeyudc hek`dk

~erfejodk`dk dmdx ~ekàmdb hdxd sdcxu wdjdk JYC7

4+ Hcfergdfdk yeidrd jdkudm

?+ Hcfergdfdk hek`dk dmdx jeyck jdkudm9+ Hcfergdfdk hek`dk dmdx jeyck emefxrcf

8+ Hcfergdfdk hek`dk emefxrcf "faj~uxer#

Feyemurubdk rudk` mck`fu~ ~efergddk JYC hcyeherbdkdfdk hdmdj oekxuf

hcd`rdj oercfux ckc7

4>?


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LDFXD7

Fegdhcdk ! êrcyxcpd

Fe`cdxdk Ar`dkcydyc

Xrdkydfyc

Hmm

hcrefdj

HDXD

CKXE_KDM EFYXE_KDM

Bdycm êkemcxcdk

Hdxd Mck`fuk`dk

Odbdk êrdxurdk

_efdjdk Fe`cdxdk

^_AYEY!X_DKYLA_JDYC!JDKCÛMDYC

Oekxuf ekàmdbdk7

Fmdyclcfdyc

Yarxcr

Fdmfumdyc

êkscj~umdk

Dmdx êkàmdb7

Jdkudm

Jeyck Jdkudm

Jeyck Emefxrakcf

Faj~uxer

CKLA_JDYC

Md~ardk Jahem Heyfrc~xcl Oekxuf Yxdxcyxcf

hcdkdmcycy

FEÛXUYDK

Xefkcy Xdfxcy Yxrdxe`cy

^_A@_DJ "FE@CDXDK#

êrekidkddk êmdfydkddk E|dmudyc

XUGUDK A_@DKCYDYC

@djodr ?+8 \cyc hdk Jcyc êfergddk JYC- "Djysdb- Wumfclmc- ?>>5#

êfergddk JYC hcjumdc hdrc ~ekùj~umdk hdxd sdk` hcoudx dxdu xergdhc

fdrekd dhdksd ldfxd+ Ldfxd xeryeoux hcidxdx dxdu hcrefdj ~dhd faj~uxer yebck``d

4>9


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jek`bdycmfdk ldfxd sdk` hcyeoux hdxd+ Hdxd dxdu ldfxd xerxumcy axekxcf "dymc# bdruy

hcycj~dk yeod`dc dryc~ "axekxcf# ukxuf fe~ermudk ~ejoufxcdk*~ejoufxcdk hdk

odif*u~ odcf yeod`dc oufxc dhjckcyxrdxcl dxdu~uk yeod`dc oufxc bufuj xerxumcy

ocmd xergdhc feydmdbdk ~dhd faj~uxercydyc hdxd oerydk`fuxdk ukxuf ~ekàmdbdk

jekgdhc cklarjdyc hdmdj ~efergddk ycyxej cklarjdyc+

êkàmdbdk hdxd jekgdhc cklarjdyc hcyeoux gu`d yeod`dc ~rayey

xrdkylarjdyc- dxdu jdkc~umdyc hdxd jekgdhc cklarjdyc+ Oekxuf ~ekàmdbdkksd

hd~dx xerhcrc hdrc fmdyclcfdyc- yarxcr- fdmfumdyc- hdk ~ekscj~umdk+ Dmdx ~ekàmdbksd

hd~dx hcfemaj~affdk jekgdhc dmdx ~ekàmdb jdkudm- jeyck jdkudm- jeyckemefxrcf- hdk faj~uxer+

Bdycm ~ekàmdbdk hdxd dhdmdb cklarjdyc sdk` oeroekxuf md~ardk- jahem

heyfrc~xcl- hdk oekxuf yxdxcyxcf+

Cklarjdyc fejuhcdk hcdkdmcycy yeod`dc odbdk ~ek`djocmdk fe~uxuydk+

Fe~uxuydk ~dhd jdkdgejek mckc odpdb ujujsd oerycldx xefkcy- ~dhd jdkdgejek

mckc xek`db ujujksd oerycldx xdfxcy- hdk ~dhd jdkdgejek mckc dxdy ujujksd

oerycldx yxrdxe`cy+

Fe~uxuydk fejuhcdk hca~erdycakdmfdk fe hdmdj oekxuf fe`cdxdk

~erekidkddk- ~emdfydkddk- hdk e|dmudyc dxdu ~ekcmdcdk+ ^dhd yexcd~ fe`cdxdk

xeryeoux hcmdfufdk gu`d fe`cdxdk ~ek`dpdydk+

Fe`cdxdk xeryeoux yeidrd feyemurubdk ukxuf jekid~dc xugudk ar`dkcydyc yeidrd

elcycek hdk elefxcl- xeruxdjd hdmdj jek`bdhd~c erd `maodmcydyc sdk` ~ekub hek`dk

~erydck`dk- hc jdkd yexcd~ fe`cdxdk jejermufdk hufuk`dk hdxd hdk cklarjdyc+

?+9 Buouk`dk Cklarjdyc Hek`dk Jdkdgejek

Jdkdgejek jejouxubfdk cklarjdyc ukxuf jekhufuk` ~ek`djocmdk

fe~uxuydk sdk` dfdk hcmdfufdkksd+ Yujoer cklarjdyc ukxuf ~ek`djocmdk

fe~uxuydk jdkdgejek ocyd hchd~dxfdk hdrc cklarjdyc efyxerkdm hdk cklarjdyc

ckxerkdm+

Ycyxej cklarjdyc jej~uksdc ~erdkdk ~ekxck` hc hdmdj jeksehcdfdk

cklarjdyc od`c jdkdgejek yejud xck`fdxdk+ Yu~dsd cklarjdyc sdk` hcbdycmfdk

4>8


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ameb ycyxej cklarjdyc hd~dx jekèkd hdk oerùkd od`c jdkdgejek- jdfd dkdmcy

ycyxej bdruy jekèxdbuc feouxubdk cklarjdyc sdk` hcck ckfdk ameb jdkdgejek+

Ukxuf jdfyuh ckc- jdfd dkdmcy ycyxej bdruy jekèrxc xermeocb hdbumu d~d fe`cdxdk

hdrc jdkdgejek ukxuf jdyck`*jdyck` xck`fdxdkksd hdk od`dcjdkd xc~e fe~uxuydk

sdk` hcdjocmksd+ Yemdkguxksd od`dcjdkd xc~e cklarjdyc sdk` hcouxubfdk ameb

jdkdgejek gu`d bdruy hcfexdbuc+ Dfbcrksd hcbdrd~fdk cklarjdyc sdk` hcbdycmfdk

ameb ycyxej cklarjdyc dfdk hd~dx jekèkd yeyudc hek`dk sdk` hcouxubfdk ameb

jdkdgejek+

Dhd~uk feouxubdk cklarjdyc oerhdydrfdk xck`fdxdk jdkdgejek hd~dxhcmcbdx hdrc `djodr oercfux ckc7

@djodr ?+5 Feouxubdk Cklarjdyc Yeyudc Xck`fdxdk Jdkdgejek-

"Ga`csdkxa- ?>>5#+

Ukxuf xcd~*xcd~ xck`fdxdk jdkdgejek- xc~e cklarjdyc sdk` hcouxubfdk

oeroehd+ Ukxuf jdkdgejek xck`fdx odpdb- xc~e cklarjdycksd dhdmdb xerckic

"hexdcm#- fdrekd xeruxdjd hcùkdfdk ukxuf ~ekèkhdmcdk a~erdyc+ Yehdk` ukxuf

jdkdgejek sdk` meocb xck``c xck`fdxksd- xc~e cklarjdycksd dhdmdb yejdfck

xerydrck` "xerlcmxer# dxdu meocb rck`fdy+

?+8 Fakye~ Hdydr Hdxd

?+8+4 Helckcyc Hdxd

4>5

Maper

jdkdèjekx

Jchhme

jdkdèjekx

Xa~

jdkdèjekx

XE_CKIC

XE_YD_CK@


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Hdxd jeru~dfdk odbdk uxdjd hdrc ~efergddk jdkdgejek ycyxej cklarjdyc-

xdk~d dhdksd hdxd jdfd ~efergddk cklarjdyc xchdf dfdk ~erkdb dhd+ Hdxd hd~dx

hchelckcycfdk yeod`dc oercfux7

Hdxd dhdmdb ldfxd sdk` yuhdb hcxumcy hdmdj oekxuf idxdxdk dxdu hcrefdj

fe hdmdj oerod`dc oekxuf jehcd- "Djysdb- Wumfclmc- ?>>5#+

Hek`dk fdxd mdck- hdxd jeru~dfdk fexerdk`dk dxdu oufxc jekèkdc yudxu

feksdxddk sdk` jdycb jekxdb- jdycb oerhcrc yekhcrc- oemuj hcar`dkcydycfdk hdk

oemuj hcamdb+ Oercfux ckc dhdmdb `djodr ldfxd sdk` hcrefdj dxdu hcxumcy jekgdhchdxd7

hcrefdj ! hcidxdx

hcycj~dk

hc~rayey hcycj~dk

femudrdk

@djodr ?+< Buouk`dk Ldfxd- Hdxd- Dryc~ hdk Cklarjdyc-

"Djysdb- Wumfclmc- ?>>5#+

Ldfxd hcrefdj dxdu hcidxdx jekgdhc hdxd- fejuhcdk hdxd hcjdyufdk fe

faj~uxer hdk yemdkguxksd hcamdb jekgdhc cklarjdyc+ Hdxd axekxcf sdcxu hdmdj

oekxuf xerxumcyksd yekhcrc- fejuhcdk hcycj~dk yeod`dc dryc~ axekxcf+ Ocmd

hc~ermufdk ukxuf ~ejoufxcdk dhjckcyxrdxcl hdk bufuj- jdfd dryc~ axekxcf

xeryeoux hd~dx hcfemudrfdk hdrc ~ekscj~dkdkksd+

?+8+? Gekcy Hdxd

4>>5#+

4+ Hdxd fe cdxdk

Yexcd~ ar`dkcydyc jej~uksdc fe cdxdk+ Fe cdxdk*fe`cdxdk xeryeoux

hcmdfydkdfdk odcf ameb ~erardk`dk jdu~uk ukcx*ukcx fergd sdk` xerhd~dx

hdmdj ar`dkcydyc oerydk`fuxdk+ Fe`cdxdk*fe`cdxdk cxu ~ermu hcrefdj- ukxuf

hc~erùkdfdk yeod`dc odbdk ~ek`ck`dx- oufxc- ~ek`djocm fe~uxuydk- md~ardk-

cklarjdyc- ~ekemcxcdk- ~erekidkddk- ~ekcmdcdk- ~ek`dpdydk- hdk mdck*mdck+

?+ Hdxd Bdycm ~ekemcxcdk

Bdycm ~ekemcxcdk jeru~dfdk hdxd sdk` ~ekxck` od`c ar`dkcydyc+ Bdycm

~ekemcxcdk iekheruk` hcyeoux hdxd- fdrekd ukxuf hd~dx hcùkdfdk meocb mdkgux

ameb ukcx*ukcx "luk`yc# ar`dkcydyc yeidrd y~eyclcf jdycb bdruy hcuodb xermeocb

hdbumu oekxufksd yeyudc hek`dk fe~ermudk+

9+ Hdxd mck`fuk`dk

Hdxd ~ekxck` ukxuf fe~ermudk ~efergddk jdkdger hdmdj jejoudx

fe~uxuydk hdk jekèrgdfdk luk`yc*luk`yc jdkdgejek mdckksd ye~erxc

~erekidkddk- ~ek`dk``drdk- ~ek`dpdydk- e|dmudyc dxdu mdck*mdckksd- dhdmdb

hdxd mck`fuk`dk+ êkèrxcdk hdxd mck`fuk`dk ckc ydk`dx mudy- sdcxu jekèkdc

yejud ochdk` sdk` oerfdcxdk hek`dk fe cdxdk ar`dkcydyc hdk sdk` hd~dxjej~ek`drubc fe`cdxdk ar`dkcydyc+ Hdxd xeryeoux odksdf xerhd~dx ~dhd jehcd

iexdf ye~erxc oufu- oufu relerekyc- jdgdmdb- fardk- hdk mdck*mdck+

8+ Hdxd ~erdxurdk

HDXD

CKXE_KDM EFYXE_KDM

4>2

HdxdFe`cdxdk

Hdxdêkemcxcdk

HdxdMck`fuk`dk

Hdxdêrdxurdk


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Hdxd ~ekxck` mdckksd sdk` ydk`dx oerùkd yeod`dc dmdx odkxu hdmdj

~efergddk jdkdgejek hdk ~efergddk a~erdycakdm dhdmdb odbdk*odbdk

~erdxurdk+

?+5 êkèjodk`dk Ycyxej Cklarjdyc

êkèjodk`dk yudxu ycyxej oerdrxc jeksuyuyk yudxu ycyxej sdk` odru

ukxuf jek``dkxcfdk ycyxej sdk` mdjd yeidrd feyemurubdk dxdu jej~erodcfc

ycyxej sdk` xemdb dhd+ êkèjodk`dk ycyxej ckc xerhcrc dxdy yeherexdk fe`cdxdk

sdk` hd~dx hcfemaj~afdk jekgdhc oeoerd~d xdbd~dk+ Xdbd~dk*xdbd~dk xeryeoux

sdcxu dkxdrd mdck ~erjumddk ycyxej- dkdmcycy ycyxej- heydck ycyxej- cj~mejekxdyc

ycyxej "Pbcxxek- Gellres- ?>>8# 7

d+ êrjumddk Ycyxej

êrjumddk ycyxej dhdmdb ~erekidkddk dpdm ukxuf yeoudb dfxclcxdy sdk`

jekhelckcycfdk mck`fu~- xugudk- gdhpdm hdk dk``drdk ocykcy dpdm+

o+ Dkdmcycy Ycyxej

Dkdmcycy ycyxej dhdmdb ~ra~erxs dxrcoux sdk` jekhelckcycfdk kcmdc dxrcoux

d~d sdk` hd~dx hcdjocm yeidrd ydb ukxuf jerefajekhdycfdk ~erodcfdk hdk

jeky~eyclcfdycfdk ~erysdrdxdk hdk ~rcarcxdy ocykcy ukxuf yamuyc+

i+ Heydck Ycyxej

Heydck ycyxej dhdmdb y~eyclcfdyc dxdu fakyxrufyc yamuyc sdk` xefkcy hdk

oerodycy iaj~uxer ukxuf ~erysdrdxdk ocykcy sdk` hcchekxclcfdycfdk hdmdj

dkdmcycy ycyxej+

h+ Cj~mejekxdyc Ycyxej

Cj~mejekxdyc ycyxej dhdmdb y~eyclcfdyc dxdu fakyxrufyc- ckyxdmdyc-~ekùgcdk hdk ~ek`crcjdk ycyxej fe hdmdj ~rahufyc "drxcksd ~rahufyc

yebdrc*bdrc#

Ycyxej sdk` odcf dhdmdb ycyxej sdk` yemdmu jekseyudcfdk hek`dk

~eruodbdk mck`fuk`dk sdk` xergdhc hcyefcxdrksd dxdu ycyxej xeryeoux bdruy hckdjcy

jekugu ~dhd fedhddk sdk` meocb odcf+

?+5+4 Dkdmcycy Ycyxej

4>3


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Dkdmcycy ycyxej hd~dx hchelckcycfdk yeod`dc oercfux7

Dkdmcycy Ycyxej dhdmdb ~ekùrdcdk hdrc yudxu ycyxej cklarjdyc sdk` uxub

fe hdmdj od`cdk*od cdk faj~akekksd hek`dk jdfyuh ukxuf

jek`chekxclcfdyc hdk jekè|dmudyc ~erjdydmdbdk*~erjdydmdbdk-

feyej~xdk*feyej~dxdk- bdjodxdk*bdjodxdk sdk` xergdhc hdk feouxubdk*

feouxubdk sdk` hcbdrd~fdk yebck``d hd~dx hcuyumfdk ~erodcfdk*

~erodcfdkksd- "Ga`csdkxa- ?>>5#+

^dhd hdydrksd- dkdmcycy ycyxej jeru~dfdk ~rayey ukxuf jejdbdjc ycyxej

sdk` dhd- fejuhcdk jek`chekxclcfdyc jdydmdb hdk jekidrc yamuycksd+ Dkdmcycy

ycyxej jejcmcfc xugudk ukxuf jekèxdbuc ycyxej yeidrd hexdcm yeod`dc ~ehajdk

ukxuf jemdkguxfdk ~rayey ~ekèjodk`dkksd+

Xdbd~ dkdmcycy ycyxej hcmdfufdk yexemdb xdbd~ ~erekidkddk ycyxej "ysyxej

~mdkkck`# hdk yeoemuj xdbd~ heydck ycyxej "ysyxej heyc`k#+ Xdbd~ dkdmcycy

jeru~dfdk xdbd~ sdk` frcxcy hdk ydk`dx ~ekxck`- fdrekd feydmdbdk hc xdbd~ ckc

dfdk jekseodofdk gu`d feydmdbdk hcxdbd~ yemdkguxksd+

Mdk`fdb mdk`fdb hc dkdmcycy ycyxej

Hc hdmdj xdbd~ dkdmcycy ycyxej xerhd~dx mdk`fdb mdk`fdb hdydr sdk`bdruy hcmdfufdk ameb dkdmcy ycyxej yeod`dc oercfux "Ga`csdkxa- ?>>5# 7

4+ Chekxcls- sdcxu jek`chekxclcfdyc jdydmdb

Jek chekxclcfdyc "jekèkdm# jdydmdb jeru~dfdk

mdk`fdb ~erxdjd sdk` hcmdfufdk hdmdj xdbd~ dkdmcycy

ycyxej jdydmdb hd~x hchelckcycfdk yeod`dc yudxu

~erxdksddk sdk` hcck`ckfdk ukxuf hc~eidbfdk+ ^dhd

xdbd~ dkdmcycy ycyxej- mdk`fdb ~erxdjd sdk` bdruyhcmdfufdk ameb dkdmcy ycyxej dhdmdb jek`chekxclcfdyc

xermeocb hdbumu jdydmdb jdydmdb sdk` xergdhc+ Xu`dy

xu`dy sdk` bdruy hcmdfufdkksd dhdmdb yeod`dc oercfux7

* Jek`chekxclcfdyc ~ekseodo jdydmdb

* Jek`chekxccfdyc xcxcf fe~uxuydk

* Jek`chekxclcfdyc ~eryakcm ~eryakcm fukic

44>


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?+ Ukheryxdkh- jejdbdjc fergd hdrc ycyxej

sdk` dhd

Mdk`fdb ckc hd~dx hcmdfufdk hek`dk jej~emdgdrc

yeidrd xerckic od`dcjdkd ycyxej sdk` dhd oera~erdyc+

Ukxuf jej~emdgdrc a~erdyc hdrc ycyxej ckc hc~ermufdk

hdxd sdk` hd~dx hc~erameb hek`dk idrd jemdfufdk

~ekemcxcdk- ~ekemcxcdk ckc ycldxksd dhdmdb ~ekemcxcdk

~ekhdbumudk "~remcjckdrs yur|es#+

^dhd xdbd~dk ckc xerhcrc hdrc oeoerd~d xu`dy sdk` ~ermu

hcmdfufdk- sdcxu yeod`dc oercfux7

* Jekekxufdk gekcy ~ekemcxcdk

* Jerdkidkdfdk gdhpdm ~ekemcxcdk- "jek`dxur gdhpdm

pdpdkidrd- gdhpdm aoyer|dyc- gdhpdm ~ek`dxurdk

ydj~em#

* Jejoudx ~eku`dydk ~ekemcxcdk

* Jejoudx d`ekhd pdpdkidrd

* Jek`uj~umfdk bdycm ~ekemcxcdk

9+ Dkdmswe- jek`dkdmcycy bdycm ~ekemcxcdk

Mdk`fdb ckc hcmdfufdk oerhdydrfdk hdxd sdk` xemdb

hc~erameb hdrc bdycm ~ekemcxcdk sdk` xemdb hcmdfufdk+

Jek`dkdmcycy bdycm ~ekemcxcdk yerck` yumcx hcmdfufdk ameb

dkdmcy ycyxej sdk` odru hcfdrekdfdk dkdmcy ycyxej sdk`

odru jekiaod ukxuf jejeidbfdk jdydmdb xdk~d

jek`dkdmcycyksd+

Xdbd~dk sdk` hcmdfufdk hdmdj xdbd~dk ckc yeod`dc

oercfux7

* Jek`dkdmcycy femejdbdk ycyxej

* Jek`dkdmcycy feouxubdk cklarjdyc ~ejdfdc dxdu

jdkdgejek

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8+ _e~arx- jejoudx md~ardk bdycm dkdmcycy

Yexemdb ~rayey dkdmcycy ycyxej ckc yemeydc hcmdfufdk -

xu`dy oercfux ksd dhdmdb jejoudx md~ardk bdycm

dkdmcycy+ Md~ardk ckc ~dhd dfbcrksd hcyerdbfdk fe~dhd

jdkdgejek+ Xugudk hdrc ~ekserdbdk md~ardk ckc fe~dhd

jdkdgejek dhdmdb 7

* Jemuruyfdk feydmdb ~ekèrxcdk jekèkdc d~d sdk`

xemdb hcxejufdk hdk hc dkdmcycy ameb dkdmcy ycyxej

xexd~c xchdf yeyudc jekurux jdkdgejek

* Jejckxd ~ekhd~dx hdk ydrdk hdrc ~cbdf jdkdgejek

* Jejckxd ~eryexugudk fe~dhd ~cbdf jdkdgejek

ukxuf jemdfufdk xckhdfdk yemdkguxksd+

Dmdydk sdk` jemdxdroemdfdk`c hcmdfufdkksd dkdmcycy ycyxej 7

4+ ^raomej*yam|ck`- ycyxej mdjd xchdf oerluk`yc yeyudc hek`dk

feouxubdk+ Ukxuf cxu dkdmcycy hc~ermufdk ukxuf jej~erodcfc ycyxej

yebck``d hd~dx oerluk`yc yeyudc hek`dk feouxubdk+?+ Feouxubdk odru- dhdksd feouxubdk odru hdmdj ar`dkcydyc dxdu

mck`fuk`dk yebck``d hc~ermufdk dhdksd jahclcfdyc dxdu xdjodbdk

ycyxej cklarjdyc ukxuf jekhufuk` ar`dkcydyc+

9+ Jek`cj~mejekxdycfdk che dxdu xefkama`c odru+

8+ Jekck`fdxfdk ~erlarjdkyc ycyxej yeidrd feyemurubdk+

?+5+? Heydck Ycyxej

Helckcyc heydck ycyxej jekurux Gabk Ourib , @rukhkcxyfc7

Heydck ycyxej hd~dx hchelckcycfdk yeod`dc ~ek``djodrdk- ~erekidkddk

hdk ~ejoudxdk yfexyd dxdu ~ek`dxurdk hdrc oeoerd~d emejek sdk`

xer~cydb fe hdmdj ydxu feydxudk sdk` uxub hdk oerluk`yc- "Ga`scdkxa-

?>>5#+

Jekurux @earè J Yiaxx7

Heydck ycyxej jekekxufdk od`dcjdkd yudxu ycyxej dfdk jeksemeydcfdk

d~d sdk` jeyxc hcyemeydcfdk- xdbd~ ckc jeksdk`fux jek`faklcùrdyc hdrc

44?


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faj~akek*faj~akek ~erdk`fdx mukdf hdk ~erdk`fdx ferdy hdrc yudxu

ycyxej yebck``d yexemdb ckyxdmdyc hdrc yyxej dfdk oekdr*oekdr jejudyfdk

rdkidk` odkùk sdk` xemdb hcxexd~fdk ~dhd dfbcr xdbd~ dkdmcycy ycyxej-"Ga`scdkxa- ?>>5#+

Hek`dk hejcfcdk heydck ycyxej hd~dx hcdrxcfdk yeod`dc yudxu ~rayey ukxuf

jekheydck ycyxej sdk` odru sdk` hd~dx jeksemeydcfdk jdydmdb sdk` hcbdhd~c

ckyxdkyc dxdu ar`dkcydyc+

Hdrc helckcyc*helckcyc heydck ycyxej hcdxdy hd~dx hcycj~umfdk odbpd heydck

ycyxej dhdmdb7

4+ Xdbd~ yexemdb dkdmcycy hdrc ycfmuy ~ekèjodk`dk ycyxej+?+ êkhelckcycydk hdrc feouxubdk*feouxubdk luk`ycakdm+

9+ êrycd~dk ukxuf rdkidk` odkùk cj~mejekxdyc+

8+ Jek``djodrfdk od`dcjdkd yudxu ycyxej hcoekxuf+

5+ Sdk` hd~dx oeru~d `djodrdk- ~erekidkddk hdk ~ejoudxdk yfexyd dxdu

~ek`dxurdk hdrc oeoerd~d emejej sdk` xer~cydb fe hdmdj ydxu feydxudk

sdk` uxub hdk oerluk`yc+


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fe~uxuydk sdk` dfdk hcmdfufdk ameb jdkdgejek- xerjdyuf xu`dy*xu`dy

sdk` xchdf hcmdfufdk ameb faj~uxer+

8+ Heydck ycyxej bdruy hd~dx jej~erycd~fdk rdkidk` odkùk sdk`

xerckic ukxuf jdyck` jyck` faj~akek hdrc ycyxej cklarjdyc sdk`

jemc~uxc hdxd hdk cklarjdyc- ycj~dkdk hdxd- jexahe*jexahe- ~rayehur*

~rayehur- ardk`*ardk`- ~erdk`fdx ferdy- ~erdk`fdx mukdf hdk

~ekèkhdmcdk ckxerk+

?+< Jexahe ekèjodk`dk erdk`fdx Mukdf

Jexahama`c hdk ~erdkidk`dk ycyxej xerhcrc hdrc yeherexdk fe`cdxdk sdk`

hcfemaj~afdk jekgdhc oeoerd~d xdbd~dk sdk` jejodkxu fcxd hdmdj ~erdkidk`dk

ycyxej+ Jexahama`c ~erdkidk`dk ~erdk`fdx mukdf sdk` dfdk hcùkdfdk dhdmdb

pdxerldmm sdk` hcfejufdfdk ameb Ydkhrd Hakdmhyak Hepcxw ~dhd xdbuk 433


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4+ Jek`chekxclcfdyc bdycm ydydrdk- odxdydk hdk rudk` mck`fu~

* Jek`chekxclcfdyc bdycm ydydrdk dhdmdb ukxuf jej~erodcfc

femejdbdk*femejdbdk yerxd ~erjdydmdbdk*~erjdydmdbdk sdk` xcjoum

~dhd ycyxej sdk` yehdk` oergdmdk+

* Chekxclcfdyc odxdydk dhdmdb ukxuf jejodxdyc ~dhd bdm*bdm sdk`

oerfdcxdk hek`dk ycyxej sdk` yehdk` oergdmdk+

* Chekxclcfdyc rudk` mck`fu~ dhdmdb ukxuf jekèxdbuc yegdub jdkd

rudk` mck`fu~ sdk` dfdk fcxd dkdmcycy ycyxejksd+

?+ E|dmudyc femdsdfdk

^rayey ckc ukxuf jekèxdbuc femdsdfdk hdrc ycyxej sdk` dfdk hcdkdmcycy

hdk hcfejodk`fdk ycyxejksd hdrc ye`c xefkcf hdk a~erdxcakdm+

* E|dmudyc xefkcf

^rayey ukxuf jekè|dmudyc d~dfdb ycyxej sdk` yehdk` oergdmdk

jejcmcfc yujoer hdsd jdkuycd sdk` jejekubc feouxubdk ukxuf

jekgdmdkfdk ycyxej sdk` dhd dxdu xchdf+

* E|dmudyc A~erdxcakdm

^rayey ukxuf jekè|dmudyc d~dfdb ycyxej sdk` yehdk` oergdmdk yuhdb

hd~dx jejekubc feouxubdk a~erdycakdm+

9+ Hafujek bdycm ydydrdk- odxdydk hdk rudk` mck`fu~

8+ Jekhd~dxfdk ~eryexugudk ukxuf jumdc jek`dkdmcycy ycyxej+

i+ Dkdmcycy Ycyxej " Ysyxej Dkdmsycy #

4+ Jekemcxc feouxubdk hdk fakxefy ar`dkcydxarcy

^rayey ukxuf jekèxdbucfeouxubdk yeidrd ujuj hdrc ar`dkcydyc sdk`dfdk fcxd dkdmcycy ycyxejksd+

?+ Jekemcxc feouxubdk hdk fakxefy dred luk`ycakdm

^rayey ckc ukxuf jekèxdbuc yeidrd hexdcm feouxubdk hdrc yeod`cdk dxdu

yemurub ar`dkcydyc sdk` dfdk fcxd dkdmcycy ycyxejksd+

9+ Jekemcxc ycyxej sdk` dhd- sdcxu 7

d#+^bsycidm Dkdmsycy"^^HYB#

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Jeru~dfdk od`dcjdkd `djodrdk ycyxej sdk` yehdk` oergdmdk sdk`

jekukgufdk od`dcjdkd xu`dy hcmdfydkdfdk yeidrd lcycf+ Bdm sdk`

hcdkdmcycy dhdmdb 7

* êa~me- sdcxu ycd~d sdk` jekèrgdfdk xu`dy lcycf xeryeoux+

* ^raiehure- sdcxu ~rayehur d~d ydgd sdk` hcfergdfdk ~ea~me+

* Hdxd- sdcxu hafujek d~d ydgd sdk` hcùkdfdk ukxuf jemdfydkdfdk

~rayehur xeryeoux+

* Yalxpdre- sdcxu ~erdk`fdx mukdf d~d sdk` hc ukdfdk ukxuf

jemdfydkdfdk ~rayehur xeryeoux+

* Bdrhpdre- sdcxu ~erdk`fdx ferdy d~d ydgd sdk` hcùkdfdk ukxuf

jemdfydkdfdk ~rayehur xeryeoux+

Bdycm^bsycidm Dkdmsycyhc`djodrfdk ye~erxc hdmdj xdoem oercfux 7

êa~me ^raiehure Hdxd Yalxpdre Bdrhpdre

o#+Ma`cidm dkdmsycy " CÂYI#

Dkdmcyd ma`cy jeru~dfdk `djodrdk ycyxej sdk` jekukgufdk

~rayey d~d ~dhd ycyxej sdk` yehdk` oergdmdk+ Bdm sdk` hcdkdmcycy dhdmdb 7

* Ck~ux- sdcxu yejud jdyufdk ycyxej sdk` jekukgufdk ~rayey ck~ux

ocdydksd oeru~d hafujek*hafujek+

* ^raieyy- sdcxu ~rayey ~ekàmdbdk xerbdhd~ ck~ux yeyudc hek`dk

~rayey sdk` dfdk hcgdmdkfdk+

* Aux~ux- sdcxu femudrdk hdrc ~ekàmdbdk ck~ux ameb ~rayey+ Aux~ux

ocdydksd oeru~d cklarjdyc dxdu hafujek+

* Yxardè- sdcxu xej~dx ~ekscj~dkdk hafujek hdxd femudrdk+* Iakxram- sdcxu ardk` dxdu ar`dkcydyc sdk` jek`dpdyc gdmdkksd

~rayey+

Dhd~uk bdycm ~rayeyMa`cidm dkdmsycy hc`djodrfdk ~dhd xdoem oercfux7

Ck~ux ^raieyy Aux~ux Yxardè Iakxram

8+ Jekekxufdk luk`ycakdm hdrc ycyxej odru

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h+ êrdkidk`dk Ycyxej "Heyc`k Ysyxej #

4+ êrdkidk`dk Yeidrd Ujuj 7

d#+ Y~eyclcfdyc _dkidk`dk Ma`cy "CÂYI#

^rayey ckc jek`ùkdfdk ~ejahemdk ukxuf jek``djodrfdk dmcrdk

hafujek hdk dmcrdk hdxd sdk` xergdhc hdmdj ycyxej sdk` odru+

o#+ êjcmcbdk Yamuyc

i#+ Jejcmcb yamuyc dxdu ~rasef "jerdkidk`#

?+ êrdkidk`dk Yeidrd Xer~erckic 7

d#+ Jeky~eyclcfdycfdk ~erdkidk`dk lcycf "^^HYB# 7

* êrdkidk`dk Uyer Ckxerldie

^rayey ckc ukxuf jerdkidk` xdj~cmdk sdk` dfdk hcùkdfdk hdmdj

ycyxej sdk` odru+

* êrdkidk`dk odycy hdxd

* êrdkidk`dk hdk jej~erameb ~erdk`fdx mukdf

* êrdkidk`dk ~emdxcbdk

o#+ Y~eyclcfdyc hafujek hdk ~eryexugudk ~ejdfdc

e+ Cj~mejekxdyc Ycyxej

4+ Jejodkùk faj~akek "^^YHB# 7

d#+ Jekumcy ycyxej jdkudm^rayey ckc ukxuf jekumcyfdk hafujek jdkudm hdrc ycyxej sdk` odru

o#+ êmdxcbdk uyer

i#+ Jejodkùk odycy hdxd

^rayey ckc ukxuf jejodkùk odycy hdxd jemdmuc ~rayey cj~mejekxdyc

xdoem+

h#+ Fahe ~erdk`fdx mukdf

?+ Jek`ckyxdm faj~akek

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9+ Jemdfufdk ~ekùgcdk ycyxej

8+ Jemdfufdk xckgdudk umdk` cj~mejekxdyc+

?+2 Odycy Hdxd

Odycy hdxd dhdmdb fuj~umdk lcme*lcme sdk` jej~uksdc fdcxdk dkxdrd ydxu

lcme hek`dk lcme sdk` mdck yebck``d jejoekxuf ydxu odkùkdk hdxd ukxuf

jek`cklarjdycfdk ydxu ~eruydbddk- ckyxdkyc hdmdj odxdydk xerxekxu "Frcyxdkxa-

Bdrcdkxa- ?>>8#+

?+2+4+ êrdkidk`dk Odycy Hdxd

Hdmdj ~erdkidk`dk odycy hdxd ukxuf ycyxej cklarjdyc ckc- ~eksuyuk

jek`ùkdfdk ~ejahemdk hdxdodye remdxcakdm+ êrdkidk`dk odycy hdxd ckc

hcjdfyuhfdk ukxuf jekgemdyfdk buouk`dk dkxdr ekxcxs sdk` dhd hchdmdj ycyxej+

Ekxcxs remdxcakdm oercyc faj~akek*faj~akek bcj~ukdk ekxcxs hdk bcj~ukdk remdyc

sdk` jdyck`*jdyck` hcmek`fd~c hek`dk dxrcoux*dxrcoux sdk` jere~reyekxdycfdk

yemurub ldfxd sdk` hcxckgdu+

êrdkidk`dk odycy hdxd hc~ermufdk d`dr fcxd ocyd jejcmcfc odycy hdxd sdk`

faj~df hdk elcycek hdmdj ~ek`ùkddk rudk` ~ekscj~dkdk- ie~dx hdmdj

~ek`dfyeydk hdk juhdb hdmdj ~ejdkc~umdycdk "xdjodb- uodb- bd~uy# hdxd+

Hdmdj jerdkidk` odycy hdxd fcxd hd~dx jemdfufdkksd hek`dk 7

4+ Jekerd~fdk karjdmcydyc xerbdhd~ yxrufxur xdome sdk` xemdb hcfexdbuc

?+ Jejoudx jahem ekxcxs remdxcakybc~

êrdkidk`dk odycy hdxd yerck`fdmc hcdyaycdycfdk hejbdj ~ejoudxdk

jahem ekxcxs remdxcakybc~ hcjdkd femaj~af*femaj~af hdxd hdk remdyc dkxdr

femaj~af hdxd xeryeoux hcpuguhfdk hdmdj oekxuf hcd`rdj+ Bdm cxu xchdfmdb ydmdb

fdrekd jahem jejdk` jeru~dfdk re~reyekxdyc ksdxd hdrc yeoudb ~erdkidk`dk+

?+2+?+Ekxcxs _emdxcakybc~ Hcd`rdj "E*_ Hcd`rdj#

Hcd`rdj ekxcxs remdxcakybc~ jeru~dfdk yudxu oekxuf hcd`rdj sdk`

jek``djodrfdk jahem ekxcxs remdxcakybc~ sdk` oercyc faj~akek*faj~akek

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bcj~ukdk ekxcxdy dxdu bcj~ukdk remdyc sdk` jdyck`*jdyck` hcmek`fd~c hek`dk

dxrcoux*dxrcoux sdk` jej~reyekxdycfdk yemurub ldfxd hdrc hukcd ksdxd sdk`

hcierjdxc+ Ycjoam sdk` hc`ukdfdk hdmdj hcd`rdj E*_ 7

Xdome ?+4 7 Ycjoam sdk` Hc`ukdfdk hdmdj Hcd`rdj E*_+

Ycjoam Fexerdk`dk

Ekxcxdy

Pedf Ekxcxs "Ekxcxdy Mejdb#

_emdxcakybc~

Chekxclsck` _emdxcakybc~

@erukh

Dxrcoux

Dxrcoux Fukic Uxdjd

Dxrcoux Jumxc|dmue

Dxrcoux faj~aycyc

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Dxrcoux herc|eh dxdu xurukdk

E_H hcùkdfdk ukxuf jejahemfdk yxrufxur hdxd hdk buouk`dk dkxdr hdxd+

E_H jek`ùdkdfdk yegujmdb kaxdyc hdk ycjoam ukxuf jek``djodrfdk yxrufxur

hdk buouk`dk dkxdr hdxd+ ^dhd hdydrksd dhd xc`d jdidj ycjoam sdk` hcùkdfdk

sdcxu 7

4+ Ekxcxdy "Ekxcxs#

Ekxcxdy dhdmdb yudxu aosef sdk` hd~dx hcchekxclcfdyc hdmdj

mck`fuk`dk ~ejdfdc- yeyudxu sdk` ~ekxck` od`c ~ejdfdc hdmdj fakxefy

ycyxej sdk` dfdk hcoudx+ Ycypd- ùru hdk mdck*mdck+ Yedkhdcksd dhdmdb

yeardk` ycypd jdfd dhdmdb dhdmdb cyc hdrc ycypd+ Yehdk`fdk gcfd s

dhdmdb yeardk` ùru jdfd s dhdmdb cyc hdrc ùru+ Fdrekd cxu bdruy

hcoehdfdk dkxdrd ekxcxs "yeod`dc oekxuf hdrc heyfrclyc xerxekxu# hdk cyc

ekxcxs "ye~erxc hdk s hdmdj iakxab hcdxdy+

?+ Dxrcoux

Ekxcxdy jej~uksdc emejek sdk` hcyeoux dxrcoux- hdk oerluk`yc

jekheyfrc~ycfdk fdrdfxer ekxcxdy+ Yeod`dc iakxab dxrcoux kdjd ycypd hdxc

ekxcxd ycypd+ Hdmdj bdm ckc ukxuf yexcd~ E_H ocyd xerhd~dx meocb hdrc ydxu

dxrcoux+

9+ Buouk`dk "_emdxcakybc~#

Ekxcxdy hd~dx oerbuouk`dk ydxu ydjd mdck+ Buouk`dk ckc

hckdjdfdk remdxcakybc~+ Yeod`dcjdkd bdmksd ekxcxdy jdfd hdmdj

buouk`dk~uk bdruy hcoehdfdk dkxdr ekxcxdy- hcoehdfdk dkxdr buouk`dk

"oekxuf buouk`dk dkxdr ekxcxdy# hdk cyc buouk`dk+ Jcydmksd hdmdj fdyuy

buouk`dk dkxdrd ekxcxdy ycypd hdk ekxcxdy jdxdQfumcdb dhdmdb jek`cfuxc-

yehdk`fdk cyc buouk`dkksd hd~dx oeru~d kcmdcQugcdk+

Hdmdj E_H buouk`dk ckc hd~dx xerhcrc hdrc yegujmdb ekxcxdy sdk`

hcyeoux yeod`dc herdgdx buouk`dk+ Xexd~c ~dhd ujujksd bdj~cr yejud

jahem bdksd jek`ùkdfdk buouk`dk hek`dk herdgdx hud "ockdrs

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remdxcakybc~#+ ^dhd yudxu buouk`dk dkxdr ekxcxdy yemdmu dhd xc`d gekcy

buouk`dk ocker- sdcxu 7

d+ Ukdrs remdxcakybc~

Ukdrs remdxcakybc~ dhdmdb jahem remdxcakybc~ sdk` xergdhc hcdkxdrd

ekxcxdy sdk` oerdydm hdrc ekxcxdy yex sdk` ydjd+ Yerck` gu`d hcyeoux

reiuryc|e remdxcakybc~ dxdu relmeixc|e remdxcakybc~+

@djodr ?+3 Ukdrs _emdxcakybc~

"bxx~7!!ppp+ycue+ehu!{hoaif!ijcy85>!4>#

o+ Ockdrs remdxcakybc~

Ockdrs remdxcakybc~ dhdmdb jahem remdxcakybc~ dkxdrd ckyxdkie*

ckyxdkie hdrc yudxu xc~e ekxcxdy "hud ekxcxdy sdk` oerdydm hdrc ekxcxdy sdk`

ydjd#+ _emdxcakybc~ ckc ~dmck` ujuj hc`ukdfdk hdmdj ~ejoudxdk jahem

hdxd+

@djodr ?+4>Ockdrs _emdxcakybc~


i+ Xerkdrs remdxcakybc~

Xerkdrs remdxcakybc~ jeru~dfdk remdxcakybc~ dkxdrd ckyxdkie*

ckyxdkie hdrc xc`d xc~e ekxcxdy yeidrd ye~cbdf+

4?4
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@djodr ?+44 Xerkdrs _emdxcakybc~


?+2+9+Fdrhckdmcxdy "idrhckdmcxs#

Fdrhckdmcxdy remdyc jekukgufdk gujmdb jdfycjuj xu~em sdk` hd~dx

oeremdyc hek`dk ekxcxdy ~dhd ekxcxdy sdk` mdck+ Hdrc yegujmdb fejuk`fckdk

odksdfksd buouk`dk dkxdr ekxcxdy- fdrhckdmcxdy remdyc jeruguf fe~dhd buouk`dk

jdfycjcj sdk` xergdhc hdrc ekxcxdy sdk` ydxu fe ekxcxdy sdk` mdck hdk oe`cxu gu`d

yeodmcfksd+ Xerhd~dx 9 jdidj fdrhckdmcxdy remdyc- sdcxu 7

d+ Ydxu fe ydxu "ake xa ake#

Xck`fdx buouk`dk ydxu fe ydxu- hcksdxdfdk hek`dk ydxu fegdhcdk

~dhd ekxcxd y~erxdjd- bdksd jej~uksdc ydxu buouk`dk hek`dk ydxu

fegdhcdk ~dhd ekxcxdy sdk` fehud hdk yeodmcfksd+

o+ Ake xa jdks dxdu jdks xa ake "ydxu fe odksdf dxdu odksdf fe ydxu#

Xck`fdx buouk`dk ydxu fe odksdf dhdmdb ydjd hek`dk odksdf fe

ydxu+ Xer`dkxuk` hdrc drdb jdkd buouk`dk xeryeoux hcmcbdx+ Ukxuf ydxu

fegdhcdk ~dhd ekxcxdy sdk` ~erxdjd hd~dx jej~uksdc odksdf buouk`dk

hek`dk fegdhcdk ~dhd ekxcxdy sdk` fehud- yeodmcfksd ydxu fegdhcdk ~dhd

ekxcxdy sdk` fehud bdksd hd~dx jej~uksdc ydxu buouk`dk hek`dk ydxu

fegdhcdk ~dhd ekxcxdy sdk` ~erxdjd+

i+ Odksdf fe odksdf "jdks xa jdks#

4??
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Xck`fdx buouk`dk odksdf fe odksdf xergdhc gcfd xcd~ fegdhcdk ~dhd

yeoudb ekxcxdy dfdk jej~uksdc odksdf buouk`dk hek`dk fegdhcdk ~dhd

ekxcxdy mdckksd- odcf hcmcbdx hdrc ycyc ekxcxdy sdk` ~erxdjd jdu~uk hcmcbdx

hdrc ycyc sdk` fehud+

?+2+8 Karjdmcydyc

Karjdmcydyc dhdmdb ~rayey jek`bcmdk`fdk dxdu jekùrdk`c ~ekùmdk`dk

hdxd- jekekxufdk fes sdk` ukcf ukxuf jek`dfyey hdxd cxej hdk jejodkxu

jekekxufdk buouk`dk sdk` hc~ermufdk dkxdrd hdxd cxej+ Yudxu remdyc hcfdxdfdk

yuhdb oerdhd hdmdj oekxuf karjdmcydyc xerxekxu ocmd jejekubc oeoerd~d odxdydk

xerxekxu ~dhd xck`fdx odpdbksd "Frcyxdkxa- Bdrcdkxa- ?>>8#+

?+2+8+4 Xugudk Karjdmcydyc

Xugudk hdrc ~erdkidk`dk karjdmcydyc dhdmdb jejoudx fuj~umdk xdome

remdxcakdmsdk` oeody hdrc hdxd oerumdk` hdk hd~dx hcjahclcfdyc yeidrd oekdr hdk

fakycyxek "Frcyxdkxa- Bdrcdkxa- ?>>8# 7

4+ Jek`dxur hdxd hdmdj femaj~af*femaj~af- yebck``d jdyck`*jdyck`

femaj~af bdksd jekdk`dkc od`cdk feicm ycyxej

?+ Jejckcjdmfdk gujmdb hdxd oerumdk` hdmdj odycy hdxd

9+ Jejoudx odycy hdxd sdk` hdxdksd hcdfyey hdk hcjdkc~umdyc yeidrd ie~dx

hdk elcycek xdk~d jemu~dfdk ckxe`rcxdy hdxd+

?+2+8+? Dxurdk Karjdmcydyc

Karjdmcydyc dhdmdb yeoudb xefkcf ukxuf jekà~xcjdyc rdkidk`dk odycy

hdxd remdycakdm hdk jejoeodyfdk rdkidk`dk xeryeoux hdrc fe`dkgcmdk hdk

~eryadmdk sdk` ~axekycdm+ Karjdmcydyc gu`d hd~dx hcxerd~fdk fe jahem odycy hdxd

mdckksd+ Yeidrd yeherbdkd- karjdmcydyc jemcodxfdk ~ejeidbdk hdxd hdmdj xdome fe

hdmdj xdome sdk` meocb feicm ydj~dc xcd~ dxrcoux hdmdj xcd~ xdome bdksd oer`dkxuk`

~dhd "oeoerd~d# fukic hdmdj xdome xeryeoux- yudxu ~rayey ~ekèmaj~afdk hdxd

emejek jekgdhc xdome*xdoem sdk` jekukgufdk ekxcxdy hdk remdycksd sdk`

oerluk`yc ukxuf jek`bcmdk`fdk ferdk`fd~dk hdxd- yerxd jekekxufdk fukic sdk`

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ukcf ukxuf jek`dfyey hdxd cxej- dxdu yudxu ~rayey ~erdkidk`dk odycy hdxd ukxuf

jekhd~dxfdk oekxuf karjdm- yehdk`fdk xck`fdx karjdmcydyc hcyeoux karjdm larj+

Hdmdj karjdmcydyc- yeoudb odycy hdxd hcfdxdfdk odcf d~docmd yexcd~ xdome sdk`

jekgdhc ukyure ~ejoekxuf odycy hdxd gu`d xemdb oerdhd hdmdj fedhddk odcf dxdu

karjdm+ Xdome hd~dx hcfdxeàrcfdk odcf dxdu~uk karjdm- gcfd xemdb jejekubc

ircxercd yeod`dc oercfux "Frcyxdkxa- Bdrcdkxa- ?>>8#7

4+ Gcfd dhd ~ekùrdcdk "hefaj~ayc# xdome- jdfd hefaj~aycycksd bdruy

hcgdjck djdk+

?+ Xer~emcbdrdksd fexer`dkxuk`dk luk`ycakdm ~dhd yddx ~eruodbdk hdxd+

9+ Xchdf jemdk``drOasie*Iahe Karjdm Larj "OIKL#

Hdmdj karjdmcydyc yeoudb odycy hdxd hd~dx hcfdxdfdk odcf gcfd yexcd~ xdoem

sdk` jekgdhc ukyur ~ejoekxuf odycy hdxd xeryeoux gu`d xemdb oerdhd hdmdj

fedhddk odcf dxdu karjdm+ Yemdkguxksd yeoudb xdoem hd~dx hcfdxeàrcfdk odcf dxdu

elcycek gcfd xemdb jejekubc xc`d frcxercd sdcxu mayymeyy gack heiaj~aycxcak-

xer~emcbdrdksd fexer`dkxuk`dk luk`ycakdm hdk OIKL+

^rayey karjdmcydyc odycy hdxd ukxuf ycyxej ckc jek`ùkdfdk

fexer`dkxuk`dk luk`ycakdm+ Fexer`dkxuk`dk luk`ycakdm ocdydksd hcksdxdfdk

hdmdj dmgdodr ma`cfd hek`dk jekerd~fdk yegujmdb dfycajd dxdu xearejd

jdxejdxcy- dfdk xexd~c ~ekumcy jeksdxdfdk hdmdj oekxuf hcd`rdj dxdu xdoem

yu~dsd meocb juhdb hcjekèrxc bdycm karjdmcydycksd+

?+2+8+9 Lcemh*lcemhFukic hdmdj Karjdmcydyc

Lcemh*lcemhfukic sdk` hcùkdfdk hdmdj xefkcf karjdmcydyc dhdmdb yeod`dc

oercfux "Frcyxdkxa- Bdrcdkxa- ?>>8# 7

4+ Fukic fdkhchdx- jeru~dfdk yudxu dxrcoux dxdu lcemh sdk`

jek`chekxclcfdycfdk yeidrd ukcf hdrc yudxu fegdhcdk sdk` ycldxksd fbuyuy

hdrc yudxu ekxcxs+

?+ Fukic ~rcjer- dhdmdb fukic fdkhchdx sdk` hd~dx hc~cmcb ukxuf jepdfcmc

yexcd~ fegdhcdk hdrc yudxu ekxcxs+ Fukic ckc ycldxksd ukcf hdk xchdf juk`fck

`dkhd+

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9+ Fukic xdju- dhdmdb fukic ~rcjer sdk` hcxej~dxfdk ~dhd lcme mdck hdk

ocdydksd jekukgufdk hdk jemek`fd~c yudxu remdyc dkxdrd lcme ydxu hek`dk

sdk` mdckksd+

8+ Fukic dmxerkdxc|e- dhdmdb fukic fdkhchdx sdk` xchdf hc~dfdc yeod`dc fukic

~rcjer+

?+2+5 Yxruixureh Tuers Mdkùdè "YTM#

YTM dhdmdb fe~ekhefdk hdrc yxruixureh tuers mdkùdè sdk` jeru~dfdk

odbdyd iaj~uxer yxdkhdr DKYC "Djercidk Kdxcakdm Yxdkhdrh Ckyxcxue# ukxuf

jek`dfyey hdk jejdkc~umdyc ycycxej odycy hdxd+ YTM jeru~dfdk yeoudb odbdyd

ukxuf odycy hdxd remdxcakdm+ YTM jej~uksdc idrd fergd hek`dk jekxergejdbfdk

yeoudb ~erckxdb sdk` oeroekxuf fdmcjdx hdmdj odbdyd xerxekxu sdk` fejuhcdk

hcruodb jekgdhc odbdyd jeyck hdk hcùkdfdk ukxuf jek`dfyey hdxd ~dhd me|em

lcycf+

?+2+5+4 Yxrufxur YTM

Odbdyd odycy hdxd ckc xerhcrc hdrc oeoerd~d ~erckxdb*~erckxdb sdk` oeru~d

fdxd*fdxd sdk` jej~uksdc drxc hdmdj odbdyd ck` rcy sdk` xcd~ fdxdksd

jej~uksdc drxc hdk luk`yc fbuyuy+ Yeidrd ujuj ~erckxdb*~erckxdb xeryeoux

jejcmcfc luk`yc jdkdgejek jdyck`*jdyck` sdcxu 7

Hdxd Helckcxcak Mdkùdè "HHM#

Femaj~af ~erckxdb sdk` hcùkdfdk ukxuf jemdfufdk ~ekhelckcycdk

hdxdodye hdk ~ekhelckcycdk xdome+ Hek`dk femaj~af ~erckxdb HHM ckc

jdfd fcxd hd~dx jejoudx xdome- jekùodb yxrufxurksd- jek`bd~uy xdome-

jejoudx ckhefy ukxuf xdome hdk mdck*mdck sdk` oerjudrd ~dhd

~ejoekxufdk yxrufxur hdxdodye+

Hdxd Jdkc~umdxcak Mdkùdè "HJM#

êrckxdb "yxdxejekx# YTM hcùkdfdk ukxuf jemdfufdk jdkc~umdyc hdxd

hdmdj hdxdodye- jekdjodbfdk "ckyerx#- jekùodb "u~hdxe#- jek`bd~uy

"hemexe#- jek`djocm hdk jekidrc hdxd "tuers#+

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4+ êrckxdb HHM

d+ I_EDXE XDOME

êrckxdb ckc ukxuf jejoudx xdome odru hek`dk jekhelckcycfdk

kdjdlcemh- ufurdklcemh- odxdydk kumm |dmue "kcmdc fayak`# hdk kcmdc heldumx

hdrc lcemhfukic+

Iakxab yckxdf ~ra`rdjksd dhdmdb yeod`dc oercfux 7

I_EDXE XDOME VKdjd XdomeZ

"VKdjd LcemhZ VVXc~e LcemhZ Vufurdk lcemhZZ Vkumm |dmueZ Va~yc lcemh fukicZ- #

I_EDXE XDOME JDBDYCYPD

JDBDYCYPDQCH IBD_"0# KAX KUMM ^_CJD_S FES-

KDJDQJDBDYCYPD \D_IBD_"?5##

o+ H_A^ XDOME

êrckxdb ckc ukxuf jek`bcmdk`fdk dxdu jek`bd~uy xdome hdrc

hdxdodye gcfd ~erckxdb ckc hcefyefuyc jdfd fakhcyc sdk` xergdhc 7

Efyxekyc xdome hcbd~uyfdk hdrc remdyc hdk oeoerd~d _HOJY dfdk

jejoercfdk hcdma` ~erck`dxdk yeoemuj ~erckxdb hcefyefuyc bdm ckc

oerxugudk ukxuf jekgdjck ckxe`rcxdy remdyc dkxdr xdome mdckksd+

Yejud hdxd cfux xerbd~uy

Yckxdfyksd yeod`dc oercfux VH_A^ IAMUJKZ VKdjd LcemhZ

H_A^ XDOME JDBDYCYPD

?+ êrckxdb HJM

d+ HEMEXE

êrckxdb ckc oerluk`yc ukxuf jek`bd~uy yudxu hdxd reiarh ~dhd

xdome yckxdfksd dhdmdb 7

HEMEXE L_AJ VKdjd XdomeZ PBE_E VKdjdQlcemhZ VZ

HEMEXE L_AJ JDBDYCYPD PBE_E KDJD JDBDYCYPD :

D_CL

o+ CKYE_X

êrckxdb ukxuf jekscyc~fdk hdxd dxdu reiarh odru ~dhd xdome

yckxdfksd dhdmdb 7

4?


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CKYE_X CKXA VKdjd XdoemZ \DMUEY "VHdxd OdruZ#

Hdxd odru sdk` hcjdyufdk xeryeoux dfdk jekùrux jekej~dxc

lcemh sdk` fcxd yeouxfdk ~dhd yddx jekhelckcycfdk lcemhksd- gcfd

jejdyufdk hdxd odru hek`dk hdxd sdk` oeroehd xc~eksd- jdfd YTM dfdk

jejoercfdk ~eydk Errar+

Iakxab êk``ùkddk CKYE_X 7

CKYE_X CKXA JDBDYCYPD \DMUEY ">80-D_CL#

i+ YEMEIX

Yemeix jeru~dfdk ~erckxdb sdk` ydk`dx ~ekxck` hc YTM fdrekd

hek`dk yemeix fcxd ocyd jejoudx xdome |crxudm hdrc oerod`dc jdidj xdome+

Yemeixhd~dx jek`cj~mejekxdycfdk fakye~ remdyc ukxuf jejdkc~umdyc hdxd

reiarh

Yckxdfksd dhdmdb 7

YEMEIX Va~yc mdckZ Vkdjd lcemhZ- L_AJ Vkdjd xdomeZ- PBE_E

Va~yc mdckZ Vkdjd lcemhZ VfakhcycZ#-

YEMEIX KDJD L_AJ JDBDYCYPD PBE_E KDJD : D_CL

h+ U^HDXE

Jemdfufdk ~ekdjodbdk hdxd reiarh dxdu lcemh ~dhd yudxu xeoem-

yckxdf ~ra`rdjksd dhdmdb 7

U^HDXE VKdjd XdomeZ

YEX VKDJD LcemhZ:VHdxd OdruZ-

PBE_E VKdjd LcemhZVFakhcycZVHdxd MdjdZ

Iakxab 7

U^HDXE JDBDYCYPD

YEX KDJD JDBDYCYPD : D_CL

PBE_E K_^ : >80

?+3 Ckxerdfyc Jdkuycd hdk Faj~uxer

Ckxerdfyc jdkuycd hdk faj~uxer xerhcrc hdrc oeoerd~d xearc hcdkxdrdksd

"Ydkxayd- Ckyd~- ?>>8# 7

4+ Dkxdr Jufd Jdkuycd Faj~uxer

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?+ Ochdk` Yxuhc

9+ ^crdkxc êjodkxu êkèjodk`dk Ycyxej

8+ Yxrdxe`c êkèjodk`dk Dkxdr Jufd

5+ Ldfxar Jdkuycd

?+3+4 Dkxdrjufd Jdkuycd*Faj~uxer

^rckyc~ fergd hdmdj yeoudb ycyxej faj~uxer dhdmdb jdyufdk- ~rayey-

femudrdk "ck~ux- ~raieyy- aux~ux#+ Fe~dhd iaj~uxer fcxd jejoercfdk hdxd

jdyufdk sdk` ocdydksd oeru~d dk`fd jdu~uk herexdk fdrdfxer sdk` fejuhcdk

dfdk hcamdb "hc~rayey# ameb faj~uxer jekgdhc femudrdk sdk` hcck`ckfdk dxdu

hcbdrd~fdk ~ek`ùkd+

D`dr ~ek`ùkd hdk faj~uxer hd~dx ydmck` oerckxerdfyc yebck``d ~ek`ùkd

jerdydfdk dhdksd ferdjdbdk ycyxej faj~uxer fe~dhdksd- hc~ermufdk yudxu

jehcd sdk` jejuk`fckfdk ckxerdfyc xeryeoux oermdk`yuk`+ Jehcd hcdma` sdk`

oerodycy xefyxudm hdk oerodycy `rdlcf+ xexd~c kdj~dfksd hcdma` oerodycy xefyxudm

xchdf oe`cxu hcyufdc- fdrekd xermcbdx fdfu dxdu xchdf mupey hdk furdk`+jekdrcf+

Ameb fdrekd cxu hcfejodk`fdkmdb yejdidj dkxdrjufd oerodycy `rdlcy sdk`

fejuhcdk hcfekdm hek`dk cyxcmdb sdk` ydk`dx xerfekdm sdfkc @UC "@rd~bci Uyer

Ckxerldie#+ Dkxdrjufd oerodycy `rdlcy hcydxu ycyc jejdk` ydk`dx dxrdfxcl xexd~c hc

ycyc mdck gu`d jekgdhc ydk`dx yufdr ukxuf hccj~mejekxdycfdk+

?+3+? Ochdk` Yxuhc

Xugudk uxdjd hcyuyukksd oerod`dc idrd ckxerdfyc jdkuycd hdk faj~uxer

dhdmdb ukxuf jejuhdbfdk jdkuycd hdmdj jekà~erdycfdk iaj~uxer hdkjekhd~dxfdk oerod`dc uj~dk odmcf sdk` cd ~ermufdk yemdjd cd oefergd ~dhd

yeoudb ycyxej faj~uxer+

^drd ~erdkidk` dkxdrjufd jdkuycd hdk faj~uxer oerbdrd~ ycyxej

faj~uxer sdk` cd rdkidk` hd~dx ~uksd ycldx sdk` dfrdo hek`dk ~ek`ùkd+ Ukxuf

jerdkidk` ycyxej sdk` rdjdb hdk dfrdo hek`dk ~ek`ùkd ~drd ~erdkidk` bdruy

jejdbdjc dy~ef ~ycfama`c sdk` hcjcmcfc ~ek`ùkd- fdrekd yexcd~ ~ek`ùkd

jej~uksdc icrrc*icrc fbuyuy hdk feocdyddk sdk` oermdckdk fexcfd oefergd hdmdj

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yeoudb ycyxej faj~uxer+ Gcfd fcxd ck`ck jej~emdgdrc xekxdk` ckxerdfyc jdkuycd

hdk iaj~uxer dhd oeoerd~d ochdk` cmju mdck sdk` gu`d bdruy hc~dbdjc- dkxdrd

mdck7 xefkcf emefxrakcfd hdk Cmju faj~uxer- ~ycfama`c- ~erdkidk`dk `rdlcy hdk

xc~a`rdlc- eràkajci- dkxra~ama`c- mckùcyxci- hdk yaycama`c+

?+3+9 ^crdkxc Odkxu êkèjodk`dk Ycyxej

Ydmdb ydxu frcxercd sdk` bdruy hcjcmcfc ameb yeoudb ~erdk`fdx mukdf ukxuf

jekhd~dxfdk ~rehcfdx rdjdb hek`dk ~ek`ùkd dhdmdb odbpd ~erdk`fdx mukdf cxu

jej~uksdc dkxdrjufd sdk` odùy- juhdb hca~erdycfdk- juhdb hc~emdgdrc- hdk

~ek`ùkd yemdmu jerdyd yekdk` ukxuf jek`ùkdfdk ~erdk`fdx mukdf xeryeoux+

Xexd~c jerdkidk` dkxdrjufd sdk` odùy jeru~dfdk ~efergddk sdk` ydk`dx yufdr-

yejdfck rdjdb dkxdrjufd xeryeoux yejdfck yufdr ukxuf hccj~mejekxdycfdk+

Feyumcxdk sdk` xcjoum hdmdj ~ekèjodk`dk ldycmcxdy dkxdrjufd hdrc

yeoudb ~erdk`fdx mukdf dkxdrd mdck dhdmdb dkxdrjufd cxu bdruy jekdk`dkc

yegujmdb ~erdkxc fakxram+ Ukxuf jej~erie~dx ~rayey ~erdkidk`dk hdk

~ekèjodk`dk dkxdrjufd- oeoerd~d ~erdkxc odkxu ~ekèjodk` ycyxej dkxdrjufd

yerck` hcjdklddxfdk+ êk`ùkddk ~erdkxc odkxu ukxuf jekèjodk`fdk

dkxdrjufd jej~uksdc feukxuk`dk dkxdrd mdck 7

4+ Dkxdrjufd sdk` hcbdycmfdk jekgdhc meocb odcf

?+ ^ra`rdj dkxdrjufd jekgdhc juhdb hcxumcy hdk meocb

efakajcy ukxuf hc~emcbdrd+

?+3+8 Yxrdxe`c ekèjodk`dk Dkxdrjufd

^ra`rdj d~mcfdyc xerhcrc dxdy hud od`cdk ~ekxck`- od`cdk ~erxdjd dhdmdbod`cdk dkxdrjufd sdk` oerluk`yc yeod`dc ydrdkd hcdma` dkxdrd jdkuycd hek`dk

faj~uxer+ Od`cdk fehud dhdmdb od`cdk d~mcfdyc sdk` jeru~dfdk odc`dk sdk`

oerluk`yc ukxuf jek`bdycmfdk cklarjdyc oerhdydr amdbdk hdxd sdk` yuhdb

hcjdyuffdk ameb ~ek`ùkd mepdx dmàrcxjd sdk` hcysdrdxfdk ameb d~mcfdyc

xeryeoux+

Hdmdj ~ekèjodk`dk od`cdk dkxdrjufd ~ermu jej~erbdxcfdk oeoedrd bdm

yeod`dc oercfux "Ydkxayd- Ckyd~- ?>>8#7

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êkèxdbudk xekxdk` jefdkcyje luk`yc jdkuycd yeod`dc

~ek`ùkd iaj~uxer Oerod`dc cklarjdyc sdk` oerbuouk`dk hek`dk fdrdfxercyxcf

hcdma` sdk` iufu~ meodr+

êk`ùkddk ~raxaxc~e sdk` hchdydrfdk ~dhd y~eyclcfdyc

hcdma` larjdm sdk` hcyuyuk yeidrd oerydjd*ydjd dkxdrd

"idmak# ~ek`ùkd hdk ~erdkidk` ycyxej+

Xefkcf e|dmudyc sdk` hcùkdfdk ukxuf jekè|dmudyc bdycm

~rayey~raxaxs~e sdk` xemdb hcmdfufdk+

?+3+5Ldfxar Jdkuycd

Hdmdj jerdkidk` yeoudb ycyxej ckxerdfyc jdkuycd hdk faj~uxer

yej~urkd jdfd ~erdkidk` xchdf ydgd bdruy jekèxdbuc dy~ef xefkcy hdrc ycyxej

faj~uxer xeryeoux- xexd~c gu`d bdruy jekèrxc od`dcjdkd jdkuycd jekàmdb

cklarjdyc+ Jdkuycd jeru~dfdk dy~ef ~ekxck` hdmdj yeoudb ycyxej faj~uxer-

ukxuf jejoudx feyecjodk`dk ~dhd jahem ycyxej iaj~uxer sdk` xemdb fcxd

fejodk`fdk- jdfd fcxd bdruy jejahemfdk jdkuycd hek`dk idrd sdk` ydjd+

xexd~c bdm ckc xchdf hd~dx hcfergdfdk hek`dk juhdb fdrekd fdrdfxercyxcf yeyardk`

hd~dx ydk`dx oeroehd hek`dk ardk` mdck hcxckgdu hdrc fedhddk jdkuycd yuydb

hc~rehcfyc- furdk` fakycyxek- hdk furdk` hexerjckcyxci hcodkhck` hek`dk

faj~uxer+ Jdkuycd jerdydfdk hukcd ksdxd jek`ùkdfdk ~erdkxc sdk` mdwcj

hcfekdm hek`dk ~dkid ckhrd+ Mepdx ~dkid ckhrd ckcmdb fcxd hd~dx jejoudx jahem

jdkuycd yeod`dc ~ekàmdb cklarjdyc+ ^dkid ckherd sdk` hcjdfyuh dkxdrd mdck7

êk`mcbdxdk

êk`mcbdxdk dxdu jdxd- jeru~dfdk ydmdb ydxu ~dkid ckhrd sdk` ~dmck`

oerbdr`d+ Oeodrd~d dbmc oer~ekhd~dx odbpd jdxd jdkuycd xeruxdjd hcùkdfdk

ukxuf jek`bdycmfdk ~erye~yc sdk` xerar`dkcycr dfdk èrdfdk- ufurdk- oekxuf-

gdrdf- ~aycyc remdxcl- xefyxur hdk pdrkd+ Oeoerd~d cyxcmdb hdmdj ~ek`mcbdxdk hdk

cmju xekxdk` ~ek`mcbdxdk "|cycak hdk |cyudm yicekie#+

êkhek`drdk

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êkhek`drdk jeru~dfdk ~dkid ckhrd sdk` ~dmck` ~ekxck` yexemdb

~ek`mcbdxdk hdmdj hukcd faj~uxer ckxerdfxcl+ Feodksdfdk jdkuycd hd~dx

jekhexefyc yudrd hdmdj fcydrdk lrefuekyc ?>Bw ydj~dc ?>FBw- Yudrd sdk`

oerfcydr ~dhd lrefuekyc 4>>>* 8>>>Bw jekseodofdk ~ekhek`drdk jekgdhc meocb

yekycxc|e+ Yemdck lrefuekyc- yudrd gu`d hd~dx oer|drcdyc hdmdj bdm feocycyk`dk

"mauhkeyy#+ Gcfd odxdy feocyck`dk hcksdxdfdk yeod`dc > hO "heicoem#- jdfd yudrd

ocycfdk jej~uksdc xck`fdx feocyck`dk ?>hO- hdk ~eridfd~dk jej~uksdc xck`fdx

feocyck`dk dkxdrd 5>hO ydj~dc 0>hO+ Feruydfdk xemck`d dfdk xergdhc ~dhd

feocyck`dk meocb hdrc 48>hO+

Yekxubdk

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yexemdb ~ek`mcbdxdk hdk ~ekhek`drdk+ Yekycxclcxdy yekxubdk meocb hcfdcxfdk

hek`dk dy~ef eràkajci hdmdj yeoudb ycyxej+

?+3+< êjahemdk Ycyxej êkàmdbdk

Ukxuf hd~dx jejdbdjc idrd fergd ckxerdfyc jdkuycd hek`dk faj~uxer-

fcxd ~ermu jejoudx yejdidj jahem ycyxej ~ekàmdbdk ~dhd jdkuycd hdk ~dhd

faj~uxer+ Jdkuycd gu`d jej~uksdc ~erdkxc jdyufdk- ycyxej ~ekàmdb- hdk

~erdkxc femudrdk+ Yexcd~ ycfmuy ckxerdfyc- ~erdkxc*~erdkxc ckc dfdk oefergd yeidrd

oeruruxdk+ Ycyxej ~ekàmdbdk jdkuycd xerhcrc dxdy ~ekàmdbdk ~erye~xudm-

~ekàmdbdk Ckxemefxudm "fa`kcxcl#- hdk ~ekèkhdmcdk jaxarcf+ Sdk` yejudksd

oerckxerdfyc hek`dk jejars jdkuycd+ Jahem ckc jej~uksdc feydjddk hek`dkjahem ycyxej faj~uxer fak|ekycakdm sdk` jej~uksdc ~ekàmdb "~raieyyar#-

jejarc- hdk ckxerdfyc hcdkxdrd fehudksd jemdmuc ouy+

?+4> Dmdx Odkxu dxdu Xaamy Dkdmcycy hdk Heydck Ycyxej

Ukxuf jekhd~dxfdk mdk`fdb*mdk`fdb sdk` yeyudc hek`dk jexahama c

~ekèjodk`dk ycyxej sdk` xeryxrufxur- jdfd hcouxubfdk dmdx ukxuf

jemdfydkdfdkksd+ Dmdx*dmdx sdk` hcùkdfdk jeru~dfdk dmdx ukxuf jejodkxu

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hdmdj ~ekck`fdxdk bdycm hdrc ~ekèjodk`dk ycyxej sdk` dfdk hchafujekxdycfdk-

odcf sdk` hcùkdfdk yeidrd jdkudm jdu~uk yeidrd xerfaj~uxercydyc+

?+4>+4 êkèkdmdk \cyca ?>>0

\cyca ?>>0 yddx ckc jeru~dfdk d~mcfdyc xerhe~dk hc femdyksd ukxuf d~mcfdyc

~emek`fd~ hdmdj ~ejoudxdk hcd`rdj- mdsaux- `djodr xefkcfdm- hdk mdckksd+ \cyca

?>>0 xemdb jeksehcdfdk yejud luk`yc `djodr hdk ciak- yebck``d dkhd xchdf ~ermu

jejermufdk odfdx jek`djodr xexd~c dkhd ocyd mdk`yuk` jek`ùkdfdkksd

hek`dk ydk`dx juhdb+ Ujujksd xdj~cmdk jeku ~dhd |cyca ?>>0 ckc ydjd hek`dk

xdj~cmdk ~dhd ~rahuf jcirayalx ye~erxc parh- eiem- ~aper ~ackx"bxx~7!!ppp+yircoh+iaj!hai!4


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^rckyc~ fergd ukxuf jek``djodrfdk ybd~e ~dhd mejodr fergd hcyckc

iufu~ `dj~dk` hcjdkd dkhd bdksd ~ermu ukxuf hrd` dkh hra~ ydgd kaxdyc*

kaxdyc sdk` dkhd ck ckfdk- hdmdj drxcdk- fmcf hcd`rdj sdk` dkhd ck ckfdk

fejuhcdk xdbdk xajoam jauye hdk èyer ~ackxer fe mejodr fergd hdk me~dyfdk

xajoam jauye+

Ukxuf yemdkguxksd- fcxd dfdk jek`ùkdfdk cyxcmdb hrd` dkh hra~ ckc

ukxuf jekgemdyfdk ~rayehur xeryeoux+ Ukxuf jekdjodb yxekicm sdk` ~ermu fcxd

mdfufdkbdksdmdb fmcf jeku lcme ; Ybd~e- mdmu ~cmcb yxekicm sdk` fcxd ~ermufdk

yeyudc fdxeàrc sdk` xeryehcd+Feouxubdk+ Dkhd gu`d hd~dx jejoufd yxekicm meocbhdrc ydxu+ Idrdksd ydjd ye~erxc hcdxdy hdk yeidrd axajdxcyyxekicmdfdk oerodrcy+

Jeku Odr- oercyc hdlxdr jeku sdk` hd~dx fcxd ùkdfdk- hcjdkd jeku ckc

jej~uksdc yuo jeku jdyck`*jdyck` yeyudc hek`dk luk`yc hdrc jeku

ckhufksd+

Xaamodr Yxdkhdr- jeru~dfdk fuj~umdk ciak*ciak yxdkhdr sdk` hcyehcdfdk ameb

\cyca yeidrd axajdxcy+ Pdmdu~uk oe cxu ciak hdrc xaamodr ckc gu`d hd~dx fcxd

xdjodb dxdu hcfurdk`c yeyudc fe~ermudk+ Heldumx hdrc xaamodr ckc xerhcrc hdrc ciak

yeod`dc oercfux 7

@djodr ?+49 Xaamodr~dhd \cyca ?>>0

Ukxuf jekèxdbuc kdjd hdrc ciak*ciak xeryeoux hd~dx hcmdfufdk hek`dk

jek`drdbfdk ~ackxer jauye ~dhd ciak sdk` hcxugu- xuk`ù yeyddx yebck``d xdj~cm

kdjd hdrc ciak xeryeoux+

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@djodr ?+48 Mejodr Fergd Odru ~dhd \cyca ?>>0

?+4>+? Jcirayalx Diieyy

Jciyrayalx Diieyy jeru~dfdk ~ra`rdj d~mcfdyc odycy hdxd faj~uxer

remdycakdm sdk` hcxugufdk ukxuf fdmdk`dk rujdbdk hdk ~eruydbddk feicm bck``d

jekek`db+ D~mcfdyc ckc jek`ùkdfdk jeyck odycy hdxd Jcirayalx Gex Hdxdodye

Ek`cke- hdk gu`d jek`ùkdfdk xdj~cmdk `rdlcy sdk` ckxucxcl yebck``d

jejuhdbfdk ~drd ~ek`ùkd+

Jcirayalx Diiey hd~dx jek`ùkdfdk hdxd sdk` hycj~dk hdmdj larjdx

Jcirayalx Diieyy- Jcirayalx Gex Hdxdodye Ek`cke- Jcirayalx YTM Yer|er- Ardime

Hdxdodye- dxdu yejud fakxdcker odycy hdxd sdk` jekhufuk` yxdkhdr AHOI+ ^drd

~ek`ùkd dxdu ~ra`rdjjer sdk` bdkhdm hd~dx jek`ùkdfdk Jcirayalx Diieyy

ukxuf jekèjodk`fdk ~erdk`fdx mukdf d~mcfdyc sdk` faj~mefy- yehdk`fdk ~drd

~ra`rdjjer sdk` furdk` bdkhdm hd~dx jek`ùkdfdkksd ukxuf jekèjodk`fdk

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~erdk`fdx mukdf d~mcfdyc sdk` yeherbdkd+ Jcirayalx Diieyy gu`d jekhufuk`

xefkcf*xefkcf ~ejra rdjdk sdk` oerarcekxdyc aogef- xexd~c xchdf hd~dx

hcàmak`fdk fe hdmdj ~erdk`fdx odkxu ~ejra`rdjdk sdk` oerarcekxdyc aogef+

HdmdjJcirayalx Diieyy xerhd~dx oeoerd~d od`cdk 7

d+ Xdomehcùkdfdk ukxuf jekscj~dk hdxd

o+ Tuershcùkdfdk ukxuf jejdkc~umdyc hdxd

i+ Larj hcùkdfdk ukxuf lrakxekh d~mcfdyc+ Ocdydksd ukxuf

jekdj~cmfdk hdxd- jekdjodb hdxd hmm+

h+ _e~arxhcùkdfdk ukxuf jejoudx md~ardk

e+ Jdira hcùkdfdk ukxuf jemdfufdk ydxu dxdu oeoerd~d

luk`yc+

l+ Ypcxib Oadrh

@djodr ?+45 Xdj~cmdk Dpdm Hdmdj Jejoudx Hdxdodye hdrc Jcirayalx Diieyy

?>>0

?+4>+9 Odbdyd êjra`rdjdk \cyudm Odyci +

Dhd~uk ~erdk`fdx mukdf sdk` hcùkdfdk hdmdj xdbd~dk ~eja`rdjdk ckc

sdfkc ~ejra`rdjdk \cyudm Odyci + \cyudm Odyci jeru~dfdk odbdyd xerie~dx hdk

xerjuhdb ukxuf jejoudx yudxu d~mcfdyc hdmdj Jcirayalx Pckhapy+ Hek`dk

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jek`ùkdfdk jexahd @rd~bcidm Uyer Ckxerldie "@UC#- |cyudmOdyci jejuhdbfdk

~eja rdj ukxuf oerckxerdfyc mdk`yuk` hek`dk emejek*emejekukxuf yexcd~ oekxuf

~eja rdjdk+

\cyudm Odyci jej~uksdc odksdf ydrdkd ukxuf jejodkùk ~ra rdj

d~mcfdyc oerodycy Pckhapy hek`dk ie~dx hdk elcycek+ \cyudm Odyci |eryc - hd~dx

hc ukdfdk ukxuf jejoudx ~ra`rdj d~mcfdyc sdk` yeherbdkd jdu~uk sdk`

faj~mefy- hdxdodye- hdk HBXJM "^dkhcd- Bekrs- ?>>8#+

Yeod`dc ~ra`rdj sdk` oerodycy Pckhapy- \cyudm Odyci jej~uksdc

fejdj~udk ukxuf oerckxerdfyc hek`dk yemurub d~mcfdyc Pckhap- Ye~erxc Jcirayalx

Pckhapy- Jcirayalx eiem- Jcirayalx Diiey- hdk yeod`dcksd+

Hek`dk fejdj~udkksd sdk` bdj~cr xchdf xerodxdy- \cyudm Odyci hd~dx

hcùkdfdk ukxuf yejud gekcy d~mcfdyc ~eja`rdjdk+ Hek`dk \cyudm Odyci- fcxd

hd~dx jejoudx d~mcfdyc ~ra`rdj ye~erxc Parh- Eiem dxdu~uk `dje- jumxcjehcd

hdk yeod`dcksd+

Feuk`ùmdk \cyudm Odyci

\cyudm Odyci jejcmcfc oeoerd~d feuk`ùmdk hcdkxdrdksd- sdfkc 7

4+ Jek`ùkdfdk ~mdxlarj ~ejoudxdk ~ra rdj sdk` hcoerc kdjd

He~ema~er Yxuhca- sdk` jejcmcfc xdj~cmdk hdk ydrdkd sdk` ydjd

hek`dk \cyudm I&& hdk \cyudm G&&+ Hek`dk oe`cxu fcxd hd~dx

oerjc`rdyc dxdu oemdgdr odbdyd ~ejra`rdjdk mdckksd hek dk juhdb hdk

ie~dx- xdk~d bdruy oemdgdr hdrc kam md`c+

?+ Jejcmcfc iaj~cmer bdkhdm sdk` hd~dx jek`bdycmfdk lcme

eeiuxdome sdk` meocb ie~dx hdk meocb elcycek hdrc yeoemujksd+9+ Jejcmcfc oeoerd~d xdjodbdk ydrdkd Pcwdrh sdk` odru+ Pcwdrh

dhdmdb ydrdkd sdk` jej~erjuhdb hchdmdj ~ejoudxdk d~mcfdyc hek`dk

jekàxajdxcydyc xu`dy*xu`dy xerxekxu+

8+ Xdjodbdk fakxram*fakxram odru sdk` meocb idk``cb yerxd

~ekck`fdxdk fdchdb yxrufxur odbdyd \cyudm Odyci+

5+ Fejdj~udk jejoudx Dixc|eR hdk ldycmcxdy sdk` meocb odksdf+

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Oeoerd~d ~erckxdb gu`d jejcmcfc ybarxiux "xajoam ie~dx#-

ye~erxc jcydmksd Ixrm&K ukxufjejoudx ~rasef odru hdkyeod`dcksd+

Xaamodr

Xaamodrdhdmdb xajoam*xajoam sdk` jepdfcmc yudxu ~erckxdb xerxekxu hdrc

\cyudm Odyci+ Yexcd~ xajoam xeryeoux hd~dx mdk`yuk` hcfmcf ukxuf jemdfufdk

~erckxdb xerxekxu+ Ocdydksd xajoam*xajoam ckc jeru~dfdk ~erckxdb*~erckxdb sdk`

yerck` hc`ukdfdk hdk xerhd~dx ~umd ~dhd jeku \cyudm Odyci+ Yeod`dc iakxab- hdrc

~dhd jejcmcb ~erckxdb Ehcx; Ia~s hdrc jeku- ocyd mdk`yuk` jek`fmcf xajoam

xaamodr+ Xaammodr yxdkhdr |cyudm odyci hc`djodrfdk yeod`dc oercfux7

@djodr ?+4< XaammodrYxdkhdr \cyudm Odyci

Larj Pckhapy

Larj Pckhapy dxdu gekhemd larj dhdmdb hderdb fergd uxdjd- hc jdkd

fexcfd dfdk jejoudx ~ra`rdj*~ra`rdj d~mcfdyc \cyudm Odyci+ ^dhd larj Ckc-dfdk

hcmexdfdk oerod`dc jdidj aogef ckxerdfxcl ye~erxc xefy- `djodr- xajoam*xajoam

~erckxdb- yirammodr- hdk yeod`dcksd+ Gekhemd Larj ckc ~dhd dpdmksd femcbdxdk

feicm- xexd~c ufurdkksd ocyd hcuodb*uodb yeyudc hek`dk feouxubdk d~mcfdyc sdk`

fcxd oudx+

D~docmd ~ra`rdj d~mcfdyc sdk` xemdb hcoudx dfdk hcgdmdkfdk- yejud sdk`

xerhd~dx hchdmdjlarj dfdk hcxdj~cmfdk ~dhd mdsdrPckhapy+ Gekhemdlarj ckcmdb

sdk` kdkxcksd dfdk jekgdhc mdxdr oemdfdk` hdrc d~mcfdyc sdk` hcoudx+ Hdk fexcfd

jumdc oefergd hek`dk gekhemd larj sdk` fayak`+ Fejuhcdk hcxdjodb*xdjodb

hek`dk oerod`dc aogef sdk` dfbcrksd dfdk jejoekxuf d~mcfdyc \cyudm Odyci sdk`

mek`fd~+Larj Pckhapy hc`djodrfdk yeod`dc oercfux7

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@djodr ?+40Larj Pckhapy \cyudm Odyci

Xaamoa

Xaamoa dhdmdb yeoudb faxdf ~erdkxc sdk` jek`dkhuk` yejud aogef

dxdu iakxramsdk` hcouxubfdk ukxuf jejoekxuf yudxu ~ra`rdj d~mcfdyc+ Iakxram

dhdmdb yudxu aogef sdk` dfdk jekgdhc ckxerldie "~ek`buouk`# dkxdrd ~ra`rdj

d~mcfdyc hdk uyerksd- hdk feyejudksd bdruy hcmexdfdk hchdmdj gekhemd Larj

hcdxdy+ Xaamoa hc`djodrfdk yeod`dc oercfux7

@djodr ?+42 Xaamoa \cyudm Odyci

^rageix E~marer

Gekhemd ~rageix e~marer dhdmdb gekhemd sdk` jek`dkhuk` yejud lcme

hchdmdj d~mcfdyc \cyudm Odyci+ Yexcd~ d~mcfdyc hdmdj \cyudm Odyci hcyeoux hek`dk

cyxcmdb ~rageix "~rasef#- hdk yexcd~ ~rasef ocyd jek`dkhu` meocb hdrc ydxu lcme+

^dhd ^rageix e~marer hcxdj~cmfdk yejud lcme sdk` xerhd~dx ~dhd d~mcfdyc

"~rasef#- jcydmksd larj- jahum- imdyy- hdk yeod`dcksd+ ^rageix e~marer

hc`djodrfdk yeod`dc oercfux7

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@djodr ?+43 Gekhemd^rageix E~marer

Gekhemd^ra~erxcey

Gekhemd ^ra~erxcey dhdmdb gekhemd sdk` jek`dkhuk` yejud cklarjdycjek`ekdc aogef sdk` xerhd~dx ~dhd d~mcfdyc \cyudm Odyci+ ^ra~erxcey dhdmdb ycldx

hdrc yeoudb aogef jcydmksd kdjdksd- pdrkd- ufurdk- ~aycyc- hdk yeod`dcksd+

Yexcd~ aogef yeod`cdk jejcmcfc gekcy ~ra~erxs sdk` ydjd- xexd~c dhd ~umd sdk`

oeroehd*oehd+

Fexcfd fdk jek`dxur oekxuf hdk fdrdfxercyxcf hdrc yexcd~ aogef jemdmuc

gekhemd ~ra~erxcey ckc+ Hc od`cdk ~dmck` dxdy hdrc gekhemd ~ra~erxcey ckc xerhd~dx

faxdf sdk` jekukgufdk kdjd aogef sdk` yehdk` dfxcl- yehdk`fdk ~ra~erxcksdhcxdj~cmfdk hc od`cdk odpdb hdrc gekhemd ~ra~erxceyksd xeryeoux+ Gekhemd

~ra~erxcey hc`djodrfdk yeod`dc oercfux7

@djodr ?+?> Gekhemd^ra~erxcey

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Gekhemd Iahe

Gekhemd iahe dhdmdb ydmdb ydxu gekhemd sdk` ~ekxck` hchdmdj \cyudm Odyci+Gekhemd ckc oercyc fahe*fahe ~ra`rdj sdk` jeru~dfdk ckyxrufyc*ckyxrufyc ukxuf

d~mcfdyc \cyudm Odyci+ Yexcd~ aogef ~dhd \cyudm Odyci hd~dx hcxdjodbc hek`dk

fahe*fahe ~ra`rdj ukxuf jemdfufdk xu`dy*xu`dy xerxekxu- jcydmksd jekuxu~

d~mcfdyc- jejodxdmfdk ~erckxdb- hdk yeod`dcksd+ Gekhemd iahe hc`djodrfdk

yeod`dc oercfux7

@djodr ?+?4 Gekhemd Iahe

^dhd yddx jekgdmdkfdk \cyudm Odyci- gekhemd ckc xchdf dfdk hcxdj~cmfdk

~dhd mdsdr+ Ukxuf jekdj~cmfdkksd- dhd oeoerd~d idrd sdcxu7

4+ ^cmcb jeku \cep; Iahe

?+ Fmcf `dkhd aogef xerxekxu ~dhdlarj Pckhap- dxdu

9+ Fmcf fdkdk ~dhd faj~akek sdk` hcck ckfdk- mdmu ~cmcb \cep Iahe+

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ODO CCC

DKDMCYCY YCYXEJ

9+4 ^remcjckdrs Ck|eyxc`dxcak

^remcjckdrs ck|eyxc`dxcak jeru~dfdk xdbd~ ~erycd~dk- hcjdkd ~dhd

xdbd~dk ckc hcmdfufdk yur|es fe md~dk`dk dxdu mafdyc hcmdfufdkksd ~ekemcxcdk

hek`dk xugudk ukxuf jek`chekxclcfdyc bdm*bdm sdk` oerfdcxdk hek`dk ycyxej sdk`

dfdk hcfejodk`fdk+ ^dhd xdbd~ ckc xerhd~dx md`c oeoerd~d xdbd~dk sdcxu ydydrdk

ycyxej- fekhdmd hdrc ycyxej sdk` yehdk` oergdmdk- rudk` mck`fu~ ycyxej+

9+4+4 Ydydrdk Ycyxej

Yegdmdk hek`dk |cyc XEMFAJ Xa Oeiaje d Medhck` Cklaiaj ^mdser ck

xbe _e`cak sdcxu ukxuf jekgdhc ~eruydbddkCklaiaj xerfejufd hc fdpdydk

re`cakdm jdfd oerod`dc u~dsd xemdb hcmdfufdk XEMFAJ ukxuf xexd~ uk`ùm hdk

medhck`~dhd yemurub ~rahuf hdk mdsdkdk+ Mdk`fdb yxrdxe`cksd jeruodb hdk

jerujuyfdk |cyc hdk jcyc ~eruydbddk d`dr yejdfck ydk`ù~ jejoercfdk yxrdxe`c

ùchemdckeyod`c yemurub fdrsdpdk+

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