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Pengaruh Schengen Agreement Terhadap Munculnya

Euroscepticism Di Perancis

Disusun dan diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar

Sarjana Ilmu Politik (S.IP) Strata-1

Mella Silviana

201310360311149

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2018

KATA PENGANTAR

Segala Puji syukur Alhamdulillah penulis haturkan kehadirat Allah SWT

yang telah memberikan waktu dan kesempatan kepada penulis, sehingga dapat

menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judul “Pengaruh Schengen Agreement Terhadap

Munculnya Euroscepticism di Perancis”. Oleh Karena itu, tak salah kiranya bila

penulis mengungkapkan rasa terimakasih dan penghargaan kepada:

1. Drs. Fauzan, M. Pd., Selaku Rektor Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

yang telah memberikan kesempatan untuk menempuh perkuliahan di

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang dengan berbagai fasilitas yang

disediakan.

2. Drs. Rinikso Kartono, M.Si, selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu

Politik Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang yang telah memberikan

kemudahan menempuh perkuliahan di Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang melalui berbagai Kebijakan.

3. Gonda Yumitro, MA, selaku Ketua Jurusan Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik

yang telah memotivasi dan memberi kemudahan selama menempuh

perkuliahan

4. Hafid Adim Pradana, MA, selaku Dosen Pembimbing pertama yang telah

membimbing dan meluruskan segala kekeliruan dalam menyusun Skripsi

ini.

5. Ruli Inayah Ramadhoan, M.Si, selaku Dosen Pembimbing kedua yang juga

membimbing dan memberi arahan kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan

skripsi ini.

6. Segenap Bapak / Ibu Dosen Jurusan Hubungan Internasional yang telah

memberikan Ilmunya dan Mendidik penulis hingga sampai disini.

7. Seluruh keluargaku serta teman-teman yang selalu memberiku semangat

hingga ahirnya skripsi ini selesai.

Malang, 7 Februari 2018

Mella Silviana

PENGARUH SCHENGEN AGREEMENT TERHADAP

MUNCULNYA EUROSCEPTICISM DI PERANCIS

Diajukan Oleh :

MELLA SILVIANA

201310360311149

Telah disetujui

Pada hari / tanggal, Jum’at / 29 Desember 2017

Pembimbing I Pembimbing II

Hafid Adim Pradana, M.A Ruli Inayah Ramadhoan, M.Si

Dekan Ketua Program Studi

Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Dr. Rinikso Kartono, M.Si Gonda Yumitro, M.A

S K R I P S I

Dipersiapkan dan disusun oleh :

MELLA SILVIANA

201310360311149

Telah dipertahankan di depan Dewan Penguji Skripsi

dan dinyatakan

L U L U S

Sebagai salah satu persyaratan untuk memperoleh gelar

Sarjana ( SI ) Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial

Pada hari Selasa, 16 Januari 2018

Dihadapan Dewan Penguji

Dewan Penguji :

1. Haryo Prasodjo, M.A ( )

2. M. Syaprin zahidi, M.A ( )

3. Hafid Adim Pradana, M.A ( )

4. Ruli Inayah Ramadhoan, M.Si ( )

Mengetahui

Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik

Dr. Rinikso Kartono, M.Si

i

BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN SKRIPSI

1. Nama : Mella Silviana

2. NIM : 201310360311149

3. Fakultas : Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik

4. Program Studi : Hubungan Internasional

5. Judul Skripsi : PENGARUH SCHENGEN AGREEMENT

TERHADAP MUNCULNYA EUROSCEPTICISM DI PERANCIS

6. Pembimbing : 1) Hafid Adim Pradana, M.A

2) Ruli Inayah Ramadhoan, M.Si

7. Kronologi Bimbingan :

Tanggal

Tanda Tangan

Keterangan Pembimbing I Pembimbing II

02 Februari 2017 Daftar Judul

27 April 2017 ACC Sempro

19 September 2017 ACC BAB II

19 Desember 2017 ACC BAB III

27 Desember 2017 ACC Sidang Skripsi

Malang, 28 Desember 2017

Mengetahui,


Hafid Adim Pradana, MA. Ruli Inayah Ramadhoan, M.Si

ii

PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS

Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini:

Nama : Mella Silviana

Tempat, tanggal lahir : Gresik, 21 Maret 1994

NIM : 201310360311149

Fakultas : Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik

Program studi : Hubungan Internasional

Menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah (skripsi) dengan judul:

Pengaruh Schengen Agreement Terhadap Munculnya Euroscepticism Di

Perancis

Adalah karya ilmiah yang ditulis dan diteliti sendiri, baik sebagian maupun

keseluruhan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian merupakan data sekunder

yang kemudian di analisis dan diolah sendiri dengan menyantumkan sumber yang

benar dalam setiap data yang digunakan.

Dengan demikian, surat pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenar-benarnya

dan apabila pernyataan ini tidak benar, saya bersedia dan bertanggung jawab

untuk mendapatkan sanksi yang telah ditentukan.

Malang, 20 Januari 2018

Yang menyatakan,

Mella Silviana

iii

ABSTRAKSI

Mella Silviana, 2017, 201310360311149, Universitas Muhammadiyah

Malang, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan

Internasional, Pengaruh Schengen Agreement Terhadap Munculnya

Euroscepticism di Perancis, Dosen Pembimbing I : Hafid Adim Pradana MA.,

Dosen Pembimbing II : Ruli Inayah Romadhoan, M.Si.

Perancis merupakan salah satu negara di Eropa dengan tingkat imigran

yang terbilang tinggi kedua. Tingkat imigran yang terbilang tinggi ini

menempatkan penduduk asli Perancis merasa terancam. Dengan tingkat imigran

yang terbilang tinggi ini juga terjadi karena adanya Schengen Agreement yang

telah disepakati oleh negara anggotanya. Menanggapi hal tersebut telah

memunculkan pandangan Euroscepticism di Perancis.

Penelitian ini melihat alasan bagaimana pengaruh Schengen Agreement

terhadap munculnya Euroscepticism menggunakan teori non-traditional security.

Kemudian melihat sejauh mana pandangan sebagian dari masyarakat Perancis

yang anti terhadap imigran dengan menggunakan konsep Euroscepticism.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksplanatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui

library research.

Alasan dari pengaruh Schengen Agreement terhadap munculnya

Euroscepticism di Perancis terdiri dari tiga aspek dalam segi keamanan manusia.

Aspek keamanan ekonomi, keamanan personal dan keamanan komunitas. Dari

ketiga aspek tersebut yang dirasa mengancam masyarakat Perancis hingga

munculnya Euroscepticism.

Kata Kunci: Schengen Agreement, Imigran, Human Security dan

Euroscepticism


Peneliti

Mella Silviana

Mengetahui,


Hafid Adim Pradana MA. Ruli Inayah Ramadhoan, M.Si

iv

ABSTRACT

Mella Silviana, 2017, 201310360311149, University of Muhammadiyah

Malang, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, International Relation

Department, Pengaruh Schengen Agreement Terhadap Munculnya

Euroscepticism di Perancis, Advisor I: Hafid Adim Pradana MA., Advisor II:

Ruli Inayah Ramadhoan M.Si.

France is one of the countries in Europe with the second highest level of

immigrants. This high level of immigrants puts the natives of France feeling

threatened. With a high level of immigrants is also due to the Schengen

Agreement that has been agreed by its member states. Responding to this matters

had been emergence the view of euroscepticism in France.

This study looks at the reasons for how the influence of Schengen

Agreement on the emergence of euroscepticism using the theory of Non-

Traditional Security. Then looks at how far the views of some of French society

that of anti-immigrant using the concept of euroscepticism. This research uses

explanative method with data collection through library research.

The reason for the influence of schengen agreement on the emergence of

euroscepticism in France consist of three aspects in terms of human security.

There are economic security, personal security and community security. From the

three aspects that are perceived to be a threat to the French society until its

emergence of euroscepticism.

Key Word: Schengen Agreement, Immigrant, Human Security and

Euroscepticism


Researcher

Mella Silviana

Approved,

Advisor I Advisor II

Hafid Adim Pradana MA. Ruli Inayah Ramadhoan M.Si.

v

KATA PENGANTAR

Segala Puji syukur Alhamdulillah penulis haturkan kehadirat Allah SWT

yang telah memberikan waktu dan kesempatan kepada penulis, sehingga dapat

menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judul “Pengaruh Schengen Agreement Terhadap

Munculnya Euroscepticism di Perancis”. Oleh Karena itu, tak salah kiranya bila

penulis mengungkapkan rasa terimakasih dan penghargaan kepada:

1. Drs. Fauzan, M. Pd., Selaku Rektor Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

yang telah memberikan kesempatan untuk menempuh perkuliahan di

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang dengan berbagai fasilitas yang

disediakan.

2. Drs. Rinikso Kartono, M.Si, selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu

Politik Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang yang telah memberikan

kemudahan menempuh perkuliahan di Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu

Politik Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang melalui berbagai Kebijakan.

3. Gonda Yumitro, MA, selaku Ketua Jurusan Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik

yang telah memotivasi dan memberi kemudahan selama menempuh

perkuliahan

4. Hafid Adim Pradana, MA, selaku Dosen Pembimbing pertama yang telah

membimbing dan meluruskan segala kekeliruan dalam menyusun Skripsi

ini.

vi

5. Ruli Inayah Ramadhoan, M.Si, selaku Dosen Pembimbing kedua yang

juga membimbing dan memberi arahan kepada penulis dalam

menyelesaikan skripsi ini.

6. Segenap Bapak / Ibu Dosen Jurusan Hubungan Internasional yang telah

memberikan Ilmunya dan Mendidik penulis hingga sampai disini.

7. Seluruh keluargaku serta teman-teman yang selalu memberiku semangat

hingga ahirnya skripsi ini selesai.

Malang, 7 Februari 2018

Mella Silviana

vii

PERSEMBAHAN

Dengan mengucap Syukur Alhamdulillah segala puji bagi Allah SWT,

kupersembahkan karya kecilku ini untuk orang-orang yang kusayang:

a. Ayah dan Ibuku tersayang, yang telah mendidik dan membesarkan dengan

ketulusan dan penuh kasih sayang dan selalu memberikan semangat,

motivasi serta menjadi donator utama sehingga telah mengantarkanku

sampai dapat menyelesaikan perkuliahan dan mendapat gelar sarjana.

Terima kasih atas doa-doa yang telah kalian panjatkan.

b. Saudara-saudaraku tersayang, yang telah memberikan semangat dan

motivasi tiada henti sehingga saya dapat menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini.

c. Sahabat-sahabat baikku, Ammelia Dewi, Alfin Ayuningtiyas, Dewi Ayu,

Nidda Ilmiah, Nasikah Nabila, Nurhikmah, Gusti Sovia, Ismiati Ainun,

Rufanis, Rosyidah Annisa, Yuli Asri dan Restya Herdianti, terima kasih

atas semangat dan dukungan serta doanya selama ini. Semoga kita selalu

diberi kemudahan, kelancaran dan kesuksesan di manapun kita berada.

d. Husnul Chotimah Rahanyamtel, sahabat yang terbaik dalam mengamalkan

ilmunya untuk dibagikan kepada saya dan teman-teman lainnya.

Terimakasih telah memberikan banyak masukan dan ide-ide dalam

penyusunan skripsi ini.

e. Teman-teman Hubungan Internasional-C angkatan 2013 yang tak mungkin

kusebutkan satu persatu, terima kasih atas segala dukungan, bantuan dan

doa kalian sehingga skripsi ini terselesaikan.

viii

f. Terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang tidak bisa kusebutkan dalam

membantu secara langsung dan tidak langsung dalam penyelesaian tugas

akhir ini.

ix

DAFTAR ISI

BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN SKRIPSI ......................................................... i

PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ....................................................................... ii

ABSTRAKSI ......................................................................................................... iii

ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... iv

KATA PENGNTAR .............................................................................................. v

PERSEMBAHAN ................................................................................................ vii

DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... xii

DAFTAR GRAFIK ............................................................................................ xiii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................... 1

1.1. Latar Belakang ......................................................................................... 1

1.2. Rumusan Masalah .................................................................................... 7

1.3. Tujuan Penelitian ...................................................................................... 7

1.4. Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................................... 7

1.4.1 Manfaat Akademis ............................................................................ 7

1.4.2. Manfaat Praktis ................................................................................. 8

1.5. Penelitian Terdahulu ................................................................................. 8

1.6. Kerangka Konsep dan Teori ................................................................... 20

1.6.1. Konsep Euroscepticism .................................................................. 20

1.6.2. Teori Non-Traditional Security ...................................................... 23

1.7. Metode Penelitian ................................................................................... 27

1.7.1. Jenis Penelitian ............................................................................... 27

1.7.2. Level Analisa .................................................................................. 27

1.7.3. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ............................................................. 28

1.7.4. Teknik Analisis Data ...................................................................... 28

1.8. Ruang Lingkup Penelitian ...................................................................... 29

1.8.1. Batasan Materi ................................................................................ 29

1.8.2. Batasan Waktu ................................................................................ 29

x

1.9. Hipotesa .................................................................................................. 30

1.10. Sistematika Penulisan ............................................................................. 31

BAB II. MIGRASI INTERNASIONAL PASCA KEBIJAKAN BEBAS VISA

DALAM SCHENGEN AGREEMENT .............................................................. 33

2.1. Sejarah Munculnya Schengen Agreement .............................................. 33

2.1.1. Schengen Agreement ....................................................................... 39

2.2. Laju Migrasi Internasional Pasca Schengen Agreement ......................... 40

2.2.1. Laju Migrasi dan Persebaran Migran di Negara-Negara Uni Eropa

…………………………………………………………………… 42

2.2.2. Laju Migrasi dan Persebaran Migran di Perancis ........................... 45

BAB III. EUROSCEPTICISM SEBAGAI REAKSI ATAS MASALAH

IMIGRAN YANG TERJADI DI PERANCIS .................................................. 49

3.1. Fenomena Euroscepticism di Uni Eropa. ............................................... 49

3.2. Masalah-Masalah Sosial Ekonomi yang Muncul di Perancis Pasca

Shengen Agreement…...……………………………………………………….57

3.3. Dampak Dari Masalah-Masalah Imigran Terhadap Kemunculan

Euroscepticism di Perancis…………………..……………………………......65

3.4. Perkembangan Eurscepticism di Perancis….…………………………..72

3.4.1. Tuntutan Euroscepticism di Perancis………………………….…..75

3.4.2. Pengaruh Euroscepticism Terhadap Posisi Uni Eropa di Mata

Perancis……………………………………………………………………...77

BAB IV PENUTUP ............................................................................................. 79

4.1. Kesimpulan ............................................................................................. 79

4.2. Saran ....................................................................................................... 81

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... 82

xi

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1.1. Posisi Penelitian Terdahulu…………………………………...……18

Tabel 2.2. Stock Migrasi Internasional Sejak Tahun 1995-2015……………...42

Tabel 2.3. Wilayah Asal Migran yang Berada di Eropa Tahun 2013..............44

Tabel 2.4. Jumlah Populasi Imigran di Perancis………………………………46

Tabel 2.5. Populasi Imigran di Peracis Berdasar Negara Asal………………..47

Tabel 3.1. Negara-Negara yang Diuntungkan Dari Keanggotaan Uni Eropa..51

Tabel 3.2. Rata-Rata Pengangguran di Perancis..............................................62

Tabel 3.3. Sektor Pekerjaan Penduduk Asal dan Imigran Dari Tahun 2009-

2011(%)...........................................................................................................63

Tabel 3.4. Jumlah Populasi Imigran di Perancis……………………….……..64

xii

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1. Negara-Negara yang Menjadi Bagian Dari Schengen Agreement.38

Gambar 3.6. Kunjungan Marine Le Pen ke Pasar Untuk Berkampanye............76

xiii

DAFTAR GRAFIK

Grafik 3.5. Jumlah Pengangguran Selama Kepemimpinan Francois Hollande.68

82

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DAFTAR PUSTAKASimon, Patrick dan Elsa Steichen. 2014. The Labor Market Integration of New Immigrants in France. Diakses dalam https://www.migrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/publications/DG%20Employment-France-FINALWEB.pdf. Pada 31 Oktober 2017, pukul 16.05 WIB.

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