Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi

Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi

Kuliah-06

Fixed Line Access Network

Access Network (Jaringan Akses)

Penghubung antara CPE dengan Core Network yg berfungsi menyalurkan informasi/data dari CPE ke Core Network dan sebaliknya

SM241013 - Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi Semester genap 2007-2008

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Transport (Core Network)

Terminal (CPE)

AccessNetwork

CPE = Customer Premises Equipment


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Fixed Line Access Network

• Fixed line access network adalah jaringan akses untuk menghubungkan terminal (CPE) yang tidak bepindah-pindah (fixed)

• Jaringan akses berdasarkan media yang digunakan:– Kabel tembaga– Kabel coaxial– Kabel serat optik (optical fiber)


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Jaringan Akses Kabel Tembaga

• Kabel serta perangkatnya yang menghubungkan titik terminasi telepon pelanggan dengan sentral telepon lokal


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Penggunaan Jaringan Akses Kabel Tembaga

• Transmisi analog• Jaringan lokal telepon PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network)• Untuk komunikasi data (mis. akses Internet) digunakan Modem• Bandwidth

– 4 kHz untuk voice – 64 Kb/s untuk data

Voice(analog)

Data (digital)

Modem

PSTNAnalog

AnalogDigital

Broadband Access

• Pertumbuhan jumlah pelanggan jumlah dan kompleksitas aplikasi meningkat kebutuhan bandwidth meningkat secara exponensial

Kebutuhan Bandwidth

SM241013 - Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi Semester genap 2007-2008 7

Definisi Broadband• Pengertian broadband dapat berbeda-beda di tiap negara

• Pengertian secara global:

– “Transmission capacity and speed to allow interactive high-quality full-motion video, data and voice applications simultaneously via one pipe”.

• Broadband merupakan teknologi komunikasi yang dapat menyediakan dukungan layanan yang “always-on and fast-access”

Aplikasi:– Advanced computer applications,

– Video-on-Demand (VOD)

– Video Conferencing (VC)

– Computer Aided Design (CAD)

– e-Government

– e-learning

– telemedicine, dll.


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Teknologi Akses Broadband

– Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

– Fiber Access Network

– Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC)

– Power Line Communication (PLC)


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Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)• Teknologi yang menyediakan transmisi data digital pada jaringan

lokal telepon (kabel tembaga)• Memungkinkan penggunaan bandwidth yang besar pada jaringan

lokal akses telepon eksisiting• Meningkatkan kapasitas digital saluran telepon biasa (local loop)• Menggunakan saluran kabel tembaga eksisting untuk layanan

broadband• Tujuannya untuk menyediakan layanan pita lebar untuk residensial

dan perkantoran• xDSL adalah terminologi umum untuk semua jenis-jenis dari DSL.

“x” berarti tipe / jenis teknologi; HDSL, ADSL, SDSL, VDSL, dll


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Keuntungan DSL Menggunakan infrastruktur (kabel pair) eksisting. Layanan dapat seketika diberikan kepada setiap

pelanggan yang telah mempunyai sambungan telepon baik perumahan maupun bisnis/perkantoran.

Tidak perlu meng-upgrade sentral, karena trafik DSL tidak masuk ke sentral.

Layanan baru yang diberikan tidak mengganggu layanan telepon eksisting.

Mampu memberikan kanal akses digital kecepatan tinggi secara dedicated untuk setiap pelanggan.

11SM241013 - Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi Semester genap 2007-2008

How DSL Works DSL adalah teknologi yang mengasumsikan bahwa data

digital tidak perlu diubah ke dalam bentuk analog, dan sebaliknya.

Data digital ditransmisikan melalui jaringan lokal langsung dalam bentuk sinyal digital.

Hal ini memungkinkan digunakannya teknologi modulasi/multiplexing digital yang memungkinkan jaringan dapat digunakan untuk bandwidth yang lebih tinggi.

Sinyal juga dapat dipisahkan, sebagian bandwidth dapat digunakan untuk mentransmisikan sinyal analog, sehingga komunikasi data melalui komputer dan percakapan melalui telepon dapat dilakukan melalui saluran yang sama dan pada waktu yang bersamaan


Konfigurasi xDSL


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Core Network

DSL DSLAM

DSL DSL

DSLDSLAM

DSL DSL

CPE

DSLAM = DSL Access Multiplexer

Jaringan kabel tembaga

Asimetris


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Core Network

Down stream

Up stream

Core Network

Down stream

Up stream

Simetris

Sifat Transmisi xDSL

Biasanya digunakan oleh pelanggan untuk akses Internet, di mana arah down stream lebih besar daripada arah up stream (lebih banyak download daripada mengirim data)

Biasanya digunakan untuk hubungan yang memerlukan kecepatan data yang tinggi untuk kedua arah

Beberapa Type xDSL

• Assymetric DSL (ADSL)– G.992.1 (G.DMT)– G.992.3 (ADSL2)– G.992.5 (ADSL2+)

• High data-rate DSL (HDSL)– G.991.1

• Single-line Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL)• Very high data-rate DSL (VDSL)

– G.993.1– G.993.2 (VDSL2)


Perbandingan Type xDSLType Transmission Data Rate Application

ADSL G.992.1 Asymmetric 7 Mbps down

800 kbps up

Internet and Web access, motion video, video on demand, remote LAN access

ADSL2 G.992.3 Asymmetric 8 Mb/s down

1 Mbps up

ADSL2plus G.992.5 Asymmetric 24 Mbps down

1 Mbps up

HDSL G.991.1 Symmetric 2 Mbps up/down T1/E1 service between server and phone company or within a company;WAN, LAN, server access

SDSL Symmetric 2 Mbps up/down Same as for HDSL but requiring only one line of twisted-pair

VDSL G.993.1 Asymmetric 55 Mbps down

15 Mbps up

Supporting new high bandwidth applications such as HDTV, as well as telephone services (Voice over IP) and general Internet access, over a single connection

VDSL2 G.993.1

12 MHz long reach

Asymmetric 55 Mbps down

30 Mbps up

VDSL2 G.993.1

30 MHz Short reach

Symmetric 100 Mbps up/down


www.dslforum.orgwikipedia

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1985 --

1990 --

1993 --

1995 --

1998 --

1999 --

Bell Labs develop OFDM to make traditional copper wires to support new digital services - especially video-on-demand (VOD)Phone companies start deploying High-Speed DSL (HDSL) to offer T1 service (1.544 Mb/s) on copper lines without the expense of installing repeaters - first between small exchangesPhone companies begin to promote HDSL for smaller and smaller companies and ADSL for home internet access

Innovative companies begin to see ADSL as a way to meet the need for faster Internet access

DMT adopted by almost all vendors following ANSI T1.413 - issue 2 (in contrast to CAP)ITU-T produced ADSL standards G.992.1 (G.full: 8M/640k)

and G.992.2 (G.lite: 1.5M/512k)

Evaluation of three modulation technologies for ADSL: QAM, DMT and CAP. DSL Forum established on 1994

Short History of xDSL


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2001 -- Number of DSL subscribers 18.7 million worldwide

2002 -- ITU-T completed G.992.3 and G.992.41 standards for ADSL2

2003 -- ADSL2plus released (G.992.5). It can gain up to 20 Mbps on phone lines as long at 1.5 km. 30 million DSL users worldwide

2004 -- VDSL2 standards under preparation in DSL forum

2005 -- VDSL2 standard verified (G.933.2) – symmetrical 100 Mb/s. 115 million DSL users

Short History of xDSL

SM241013 - Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi Semester genap 2007-2008www.dpu.ac.thwww.dpu.ac.th

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Motivation / properties of ADSL

• Need for high-speed Internet access– Telephone modem have only moderate rates (56 kb/s)

• ADSL Transmits high speed data to local loop by using unshielded 2-wire twisted pairs

• The the most popular commercial ADSL (G.992.1) allows maximum rate 800 kbit/s upstream and 7 Mb/s downstream

• Different xDSL techniques developed to serve symmetric and asymmetric traffic requirements and different rates


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ResidentialCustomer

ADSL Modem or Gateway

Customer Premises

Equipment

Central Office Building

ADSL Rackof Line Cards

Standard Telephone Lines

ADSL Equipment


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Contoh Pembagian Bandwidth ADSL

Contoh pembagian bandwidth ADSL dengan teknik modulasi Digital Multi Tone (DMT)



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Implementasi BB Access dg ADSLImplementasi BB Access dg ADSL

• Pada saat ini, di TELKOM, yang dimaksud dengan service broadband adalah

Deskripsi Produk• Speedy adalah produk Layanan Internet access end-to-end

dengan basis teknologi ADSL

• Paket Layanan


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PaketLayanan

Speedy OfficeSpeedy Warnet

Speedy Personal

Speedy Professional

Speedy Time Based

Kuota Unlimited Unlimited 1000 MB/bln 3000 MB/bln 50 Jam/bln

www.telkomspeedy.com


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Speedy yang sekarang diposisikan sebagai akses Speedy yang sekarang diposisikan sebagai akses akan dikembangkan menjadi produk multimediaakan dikembangkan menjadi produk multimedia

Today Near Future

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Fiber Access Network• Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bandwidth yang terus

meningkat untuk berbagai layanan bagi pelanggan diperlukan penyediaan “new high-bandwidth access services”.

• Optical fiber access menyediakan bandwidth sampai beberapa gigabits per second (Gbps)—dan mungkin akan terus meningkat sejalan dengan kemajuan teknologi.

• Konfigurasi jaringan– All optical fiber access network

• Point to point (PTP) network• Passive/active optical network (PON/AON)

– FTTx• Struktur jaringan berdasarkan penentuan titik konversi sinyal

(perubahan dari optik ke twisted pair atau coaxial cable)


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Point To Point Network


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Central Office / Head EndCentral Office / Head End

Passive/Active Optical Network


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PS/ASPS/AS PS/AS

PS/AS

PS = Passive SplitterPS = Passive Splitter

AS = Active SplitterAS = Active Splitter

Passive Optical Network (PON)


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• Does not contain any electronics between the central office/headend switch and the customer-premises equipment

• The entire down stream bandwidth is transmitted to the power splitter and delivered to each subscriber

• The customer-premises equipment contains optical transceivers that switch on and off during the allocated time slots and select their content; this prevents them from accessing content not intended for them

• Each splitter typically splits a fiber into 16, 32, or 64 fibers, depending on the manufacturer, and several splitters can be aggregated in a single cabinet

• Does not contain any electronics between the central office/headend switch and the customer-premises equipment

• The entire down stream bandwidth is transmitted to the power splitter and delivered to each subscriber

• The customer-premises equipment contains optical transceivers that switch on and off during the allocated time slots and select their content; this prevents them from accessing content not intended for them

• Each splitter typically splits a fiber into 16, 32, or 64 fibers, depending on the manufacturer, and several splitters can be aggregated in a single cabinet

Active Optical Network (AON)


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OLTOLT

• All subscriber content is transmitted to the aggregation switch and then distributed to the appropriate subscribers only

• At the switch, all content is converted from an optical signal to an electrical signal, separated from other content, and converted again to an optical signal and delivered appropriately over separate fibers to each destination

• Active networks have additional intelligence located closer to the subscriber that can reduce latency, flexibly add bandwidth, isolate faults, switch, schedule and queue traffic— and maximize bandwidth utilization between the switch aggregator and central office

• All subscriber content is transmitted to the aggregation switch and then distributed to the appropriate subscribers only

• At the switch, all content is converted from an optical signal to an electrical signal, separated from other content, and converted again to an optical signal and delivered appropriately over separate fibers to each destination

• Active networks have additional intelligence located closer to the subscriber that can reduce latency, flexibly add bandwidth, isolate faults, switch, schedule and queue traffic— and maximize bandwidth utilization between the switch aggregator and central office

SwitchSwitch

Fiber To The – x (FTTx)

• FTTx merupakan berbagai alternatif struktur jaringan berdasarkan letak titik konversi sinyal optik (TKO)

• Struktur jaringan– Fiber To The Building (FTTB)– Fiber To The Curb (FTTC)– Fiber To The Home (FTTH)


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Fiber To The Building (FTTB)

Central OfficeCentral Office

FeederFeeder

DistributionDistribution

Remote TerminalRemote Terminal

Aplikasi :• Pelanggan bisnis di gedung bertingkat• Pelanggan di apartemen

Aplikasi :• Pelanggan bisnis di gedung bertingkat• Pelanggan di apartemen

Optical Fiber Cable

Optical Fiber Cable

Existing Indoor Copper Cable

Existing Indoor Copper Cable

DistanceDistance

00 Up to 20 kmUp to 20 km


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Fiber To The Curb (FTTC)


FeederFeeder


Aplikasi :Pelanggan yang letaknya berkumpul di satu area terbatas

Aplikasi :Pelanggan yang letaknya berkumpul di satu area terbatas

Optical Fiber Cable

Optical Fiber Cable

DistanceDistance



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Drop home runDrop home run

Network Access Point

Network Access Point

Copper cableCopper cable

Fiber To The Home (FTTH)


FeederFeeder


Aplikasi :All optical fiber access network

Aplikasi :All optical fiber access network

Optical Fiber Cable

Optical Fiber Cable

DistanceDistance



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Network access point

Network access point


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Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC)

• HFC adalah jaringan akses yang mengkombinasikan coaxial dan fiber optik

• Hybrid node : mengkonversi sinyal optik menjadi sinyal elektris untuk ditransmisikan ke user terminal melalui kabel coaxial

Hybrid Node

Hybrid Node

Coaxial cable

Coaxial cable

Optical Fibers


Konfigurasi HFC


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Optical fiber cable Coaxial cable

Core network

Access network

Power Line Communication (PLC)

• Powerline Communication (PLC), also known as Broadband Over Powerline (BPL) is a technique for sending high speed data through existing powerline as transmission medium.

• PLC creates a high speed data communications network using the medium and low voltage electric distribution grids which connects consumers to the Internet through any electric socket in the consumers home.

• Powerline is the worlds largest existing wired infrastructure.

PLC Technology


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PLC Applications

Broadband Services

• High Speed Internet Access • Voice Over IP • Video Streaming • Home Networking • Home Automation• Home Security Systems • Telemedicine Applications

Utility Applications

• Automatic Meter Reading • Internal Communications • Demand Side Management • Load monitoring • Security Monitoring


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Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi

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