Pencemaran Lingkungan Dan Pengendaliannya

PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN DAN PENGENDALIANNYAProf. Dr. Ir. Surjono Hadi Sutjahjo, M.S.Institut Pertanian BogorOktober 2010

Pencemaran udara adalah masuknya atau dimasukkannya zat, energi, dan/atau komponen lain ke dalam udara ambien oleh kegiatan manusia, sehingga mutu udara ambien turun sampai ke tingkat tertentu yang menyebabkan udara ambien tidak dapat memenuhi fungsinya; Pencemaran lingkungan hidup adalah masuk atau dimasukkannya makhluk hidup, zat, energi, dan/atau komponen lain ke dalam lingkungan hidup oleh kegiatan manusia sehingga melampaui baku mutu lingkungan hidup yang telah ditetapkan.Pencemaran air adalah masuknya atau dimasukkannya makhluk hidup, zat, energi dan atau komponen lain ke dalam air oleh kegiatan manusia, sehingga kualitas air turun sampai ke tingkat tertentu yang menyebabkan air tidak dapat berfungsi sesuai dengan peruntukannya; Pencemaran tanah adalah keadaan di mana bahan kimia (buatan manusia) masuk dan merubah lingkungan tanah alami

Pengendalian pencemaran udara adalah upaya pencegahan dan/atau penanggulangan pencemaran udara serta pemulihan mutu udara; Pengendalian adalah upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan pencemaran agar sesuai dengan baku mutu lingkungan (BML). Pengendalian pencemaran air adalah upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan pencemaran air serta pemulihan kualitas air untuk menjamin kualitas air agar sesuai dengan baku mutu air; Pengendalian pencemaran tanah adalah upaya pencegahan dan/atau penanggulangan pencemaran tanah serta pemulihan kualitas mutu tanah;

PENCEMARAN AIRPencemaran Air : diakibatkan oleh masuknya bahan pencemar (polutan) yang dapat berupa gas, bahan-bahan terlarut dan partikulatPencemaran Air dapat melalui :- Atmosfer.- Tanah.- Limpasan (run off).- Limbah (domestik, industri).

Bahan Pencemar (Polutan)

a. Polutan tak Toksik (bahan-bahan alami (tersuspensi dan nutrien)b. Polutan Toksik :(1) Logam Berat : Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu, Hg (No Atom > 20)(2) Senyawa Organik- Pestisida Organoklorin- Herbisida- dll(3) Gas (Khlorin dan Amonia)(4) Anion (Sianida, Fluorida, Sulfida & Sulfat )(5) Asam dan Alkali

Limbah yang memerlukan O2Berasal dari domestik, pupuk kotoran hewan, limbah industriSumber :Aliran kotoran alamiah dari tanahLimbah rumahtanggaPembusukan tumbuhanLimbah industri (kilang minyak, pabrik kertas, prosesing makanan)8 Jenis Zat Pencemar:JENIS DAN SUMBER PENCEMARAN AIR

Agen penyebab penyakitContoh : Bakteri dan virusSumber : Rumahtangga, rumah sakit, kotoran kebun binatang.Bahan kimia anorganik dan mineral, beberapa kelompok :Asam Sumber : Tambang (terutama batu bara), limbah industri.

Garam garam Sumber = Kotoran alamiah dari tanah, irigasi, tambang, limbah industri, lapangan minyakLogam beracun (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr)Sumber : limbah industri, bahan bakar minyak (premium, premix), peleburan timbal, pestisida, fungisida

Bahan kimia organik:Pestisida dan herbisidaSumber : Pertanian, kehutanan, pemberantasan nyamukPlastikSumber : Perumahan dan industriDeterjen (Fosfat)Sumber : Perumahan, industri, hotel, rumah sakit

Senyawa ClSumber : desinfeksi dengan Cl2, industri kertas (bleaching)Hara (Terutama nitrat dan fosfat)Sumber : aliran dari lahan pertanian, penambangan, domestik, industri, industri pemrosesan makanan.

Sedimen (Tanah, lumpur, pasir, bahan padat dari erosi)Sumber : Erosi alamiah, limbah pertanian, tambang, kegiatan konstruksi, kehutanan.Bahan Radioaktif :Sumber : alamiah (tanah, karang), penambnagan uranium, pembangkit tenaga nuklir, percobaan senjata nuklir.PanasSumber : air pendingin pabrik

Dampak Pencemaran Air :

Pencemaran air berdampak luas, Dapat meracuni sumber air minum, Meracuni makanan hewan, Ketidakseimbangan ekosistem sungai dan danau, Pengrusakan hutan akibat hujan asam, dan lain sebagainya.

JENIS ZAT YANG MENURUNKAN KUALITAS AIR/KELUAR DARI BAKUMUTULimbah Perlu OksigenAgen Penyebab PenyakitBahan Anorganikdan MineralBahan OrganikDomestik, pupuk kotoran hewan, limbah industri. Bakteri dan virus:Rumahtangga, R. Sakit Kotoran kbn binatang..Asam:tambang & industriGaram:irigasi, tambang, limbah industri, lapangan minyakLogam berat:industri, BBM, pestisida, fungisidaPestisida, herbisida, plastik, detergen, seny Cl

Hara (N&P)SedimenBahan radioaktifPanaspertanian, penambangan, domestik, industri, industri pemrosesan makananErosi alamiah, limbah pertanian, tambang, kegiatan konstruksi, kehutanan.

Alamiah (tanah, karang), penambangan uranium, pembangkit tenaga nuklir, percobaan senjata nuklirAir pendingin

PENCEMARANJIKA konsentrasi/nilai sudah melebihiDaya dukung lingkunganAlam/air tidak bisa lagi mempurifikasi diriNilai sudah melebihi kapasitas asimilasinya

Klasifikasi Sumber PencemarPergerakannyaSumber tetap (stationer):Kegiatan : Industri, Rumahtangga, Pemukiman2. Sumber bergerak : Kendaraan bermotor (transportasi)

b. Sifat sumber pencemarannya :

Sumber alami : gunung berapiSumber antropogenik : Pemukiman, industri, dan transportasi

Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Konsentrasi :

Intensitas atau kekuatan sumberKarakteristik bahan pencemarKondisi meteorologi/klimatologiFaktor geografi/topografi

Ciri limbah B3:

Mudah menyala (inflammable)Mudah meledak (explosive)KorosifReaktifBeracunDapat menginfeksi

Keterlibatan Aspek Pencemaran Air Sehubungan Dengan Penanggulangan :

Aspek legal (legislatif dan eksekutif)Aspek engineering (tata kota, Dep.PU)Aspek kesehatan (Dep.Kes)Aspek sumber pencemaran (Dep.Perindustrian, DLLAJ, RS, permukiman)Aspek lingkungan hidup (Dep.LH)

Penanganan Masalah Pencemaran Air Secara Global

Emission (sumber emisi/sumber pencemar)Exchange (mekanisme pertukaran)Effect (pengaruh)Environment (lingkungan)Enforcement (undang-undang)

PENCEMARAN UDARA

Kualitas Udara Emisi Kualitas Udara AmbienKualtias Udara Dalam Ruang (In door)

KEBISINGAN

GETARANPENCEMARAN UDARA

Dampak pada Kualitas Udara dan Iklim dari Suatu Kegiatan PembangunanTingkat dan konsentrasi dari emisi kimia dan pengaruhnya terhadap lingkunganBahan partikulat Bau yang dihasilkanAda tidaknya perubahan iklim

DAMPAK KEGIATAN PEMBANGUNAN DAN OPERASIONAL Pembukaan lahanPerubahan pemanfaatan lahanAlat berat dan transportasiSumber energi (generator listrik, boiler)Emisi operasional industri (mesin-mesin) pada cerobongIPALDsb.

Komposisi Udara Bersih

AIR POLLUTION Gross effect of the contribution of pollutants emitted by all sources in a given area (Anonymous, 1980)

The presence in the atmosphere of one or more air contaminants in quantities and/or characteristics for a duration that will be injurious to public health and welfare or other natural environment processes (Corbitt, 1990).

The presence in the outdoor atmosphere of one or more contaminants (pollutants) in such quantities and of such duration as may be (or may tend to be) injurious to human, plant, or animal life, or to property (materials), or which unreasonably interfere with the comfortable enjoyment of life or property, or conduct of business (Canter, 1996)

PENCEMARAN UDARASumber polusi utama : Transportasi, IndustriRumah tangga.

Konsentrasi polutan udara adalah relatif kecil sedangkan volumenya sangat besarPengendalian pencemaran udara adalah upaya pencegahan dan /atau penanggulangan pencemaran udara serta pemulihan mutu udaraPencemaran udara adalah masuknya atau dimasukkannya zat, energi, dan/atau komponen lain ke dalam udara ambien oleh kegiatan manusia, sehingga mutu udara ambien turun sampai ke tingkat tertentu yang menyebabkan udara ambien tidak dapat memenuhi fungsinya;

Konsentrasi polutan dipengaruhi :Tinggi-rendah tempatKeadaan cuacaPergerakan atmosfir udara : Arah angin Kecepatan angin Perubahan angin Pergerakan suhu panas Pengaruh tinggi/rendah/permukaan Pergerakan polusi udara :1. Lokal (dalam industri, desa, kota)Regional (berberapa negara terdekat)Global (perubahan cuaca dunia)

Emisi gas CO2

Dampak Pada Lingkungan Wilayah Internasional

EMISIEmisi adalah zat, energi dan/atau komponen lain yang dihasilkan dari suatu kegiatan yang masuk dan/atau dimasukkannnya ke dalam udara ambien yang mempunyai dan/atau tidak mempunyai potensi sebagai unsur pencemar; Sumber emisi adalah setiap usaha dan/atau kegiatan yang mengeluarkan emisi dari sumber bergerak, sumber bergerak spesifik, sumber tidak bergerak, maupun sumber tidak bergerak spesifik; Sumber bergerak adalah sumber emisi yang bergerak atau tidak tetap pada suatu tempat yang berasal dari kendaraan bermotor; Sumber bergerak spesifik adalah sumber emisi yang bergerak atau tidak tetap pada suatu tempat yang berasal dari kereta api, pesawat terbang, kapal laut dan kendaraan berat lainnya; Sumber tidak bergerak adalah sumber emisi yang tetap pada suatu tempat; Sumber tidak bergerak spesifik adalah sumber emisi yang tetap pada suatu tempat yang berasal dari kebakaran hutan dan pembakaran sampah

Grafik Penurunan emisi debu setelah menggunakan alat pengendali debu Electrostatic Precipitator (EP) pada tahun 2001 Grafik Penurunan konsentrasi debu ambien di sekitar pabrik setelah menggunakan alat pengendali debu Electrostatic Presipitator (EP) pada tahun 2001

Contoh : Sumber dan sifat limbah pada Industri Kulit

Sheet1

NoBahanKg bahan basah per ton kulit awet garam basah

1Bulu234 312

2Fleshing78 234

3Split222

4Shaving20

5Buffing5 10

6Lumpur250 333

NoBentuk limbahSumber limbahSifat limbah

1Gas buang- proses basahKorosif

- Mesin pengecatan

- Proses pengolahan

- Proses pengolahan limbah caur

- Boiler

- Diesel

Dsb

2Partikel DebuMesin penyerutan (shaving)Korosif

Mesin Pengecilan ukuran (grinder)

Mesin pengampelasan

Hasil pembakaran, transportasi

Dsb

Sheet2

NoBentuk limbahTempat pengukuranKadar polutanNAB

1Gas buangRuang beam house dan penyamakanSO2 0.0144 0.01665 ppm

NH3 0.0307 0.357618 ppm

H2S 0.00345 6.880710 ppm

2Partikel debuRuang penyerutan (shaving)

Ruang pengampelasan (buffing)0.01579 0.3988 mg/m310 mg/m3

Ruang proses penyamakan1.574 mg/m3

3SuhuRuang proses penyamakan32.07 35.5 oC

4Kelambaran65.70 82.74 %

Sheet3

No.Tahapan prosesMesinKebisingan (dbA)

1Beam house dan tanningDrum Pickling, tanning, retanning79 82.5

2PenyerutanMesin shaving77 83

3SettingMesin setting90 - 95

4PengeringanMesin pengeringan /hanging68 - 84

5PengampelasanMesin buffing79 - 83

Mesin toggling

6PelemasanMesin embossing84 - 85

7SeterikaMesin pengecatan78 - 80

8Pengecatan(spray drying)68 - 77

9Pembangkit tenagaBoiller/diesel78 - 80

Karakteristik gas buang dan partikel debu

Sheet1


1Bulu234 312

2Fleshing78 234

3Split222

4Shaving20

5Buffing5 10

6Lumpur250 333


1Gas buang- proses basahKorosif

- Mesin pengecatan

- Proses pengolahan

- Proses pengolahan limbah caur

- Boiler

- Diesel


Mesin pengampelasan (buffing)

Sheet2


1Gas buangRuang beam house dan penyamakanSO2 0.0144 0.01665 ppm

NH3 0.0307 0.357618 ppm

H2S 0.00345 6.880710 ppm


Ruang pengampelasan (buffing)0.01579 0.3988 mg/m310 mg/m3

Ruang proses penyamakan1.574 mg/m3

3SuhuRuang proses penyamakan32.07 35.5 oC

4Kelembaban (RH)65.70 82.74 %

Sheet3







Mesin toggling





Dampak Pada Kawasan Perkotaan

AMBIENUdara ambien adalah udara bebas di permukaaan bumi pada lapisan troposfir yang berada di dalam wilayah yurisdiksi Republik Indonesia yang dibutuhkan dan mempengaruhi kesehatan manusia, makhluk hidup dan unsur lingkungan hidup lainnnya; Baku mutu udara ambien adalah ukuran batas atau kadar zat, energi, dan/atau komponen yang ada atau yang seharusnya ada dan/atau unsur pencemar yang ditenggang keberadaannya dalam udara ambien;

Lanjutan :

Beberapa jenis pencemar udara dan pengaruhnya terhadap manusia

Jenis pencemaran udaraPengaruh terhadap manusia

Karbon monoksida (CO)

Sulfur dioksida (SO2)

Nitrogen oksida (NOx)

Hidrokarbon

Oksigen fotokimia (O3)

Debu

Amonia (NH3)Hidrogen sulfida (H2S)

Logam dan senyawa logamMenurunkan kemampuan darah membawa oksigen, melemahkan berfikir, penyakit jantung, pusing, kelelahan, sakit kepala dan kematian.Memperberat penyakit saluran pernafasan, melemahkan pernafasan dan iritasi mataMemperberat penyakit jantung dan pernafasan, dan iritasi paru-paru.Mempengaruhi sistem pernafasan, beberapa jenis dapat menyebabkan kankerMemperberat penyakit jantung dan pernafasan, iritasi mata, iritasi kerongkongan dan saluran pernafasan.Penyakit kanker, memperberat penyakit jantung dan pernafasan, batuk, iritasi kerong-kongan dan dada tak enak.Iritasi saluran pernafasan.Mabuk (pusing), iritasi mata dan kerongkongan dan racun pada kadar tinggiMenyebabkan penyakit pernafasan, kanker, kerusakan syaraf dan kematian.

KUALITAS UDARA DALAM RUANGAN (INDOOR)Kualitas udara dalam ruang untuk melindungi penghuni ruangan terutama ruang kerjaSurat Edaran Menaker No. 1 tahun 2003Faktor : Kimia dan Fisik

Konsentrasi Cemaran Gas Amonia pada Pabrik Lateks Pekat

Chart2

32.1730638949

26.995506906

35.5507159651

50.5365184482

55.9471926734

38.974993587

69.4444625476

67.6212837784

100.7262852251

50.998069649

16.569571891

29.7592240222

18.4746242256

39.9442633742

34.0859406517

46.3608804979

63.9112058653

70.9168094522

83.8502802713

32.9835301552

27.4684714259

50.2965540591

50.2965540591

48.6022453095

48.6022453095

51.0286771187

51.0286771187

69.577579396

11.9859396257

54.9035488156

54.9035488156

21.55989387

41.7362255733

Waktu (hari)

Konsentrasi Inlet (ppm)

Sheet1

Biofilter 1Y=ax+bA

Campuran kompos, tanah, sekam dan sludgea0.7826

Berat awal 10,372 kg dengan kadar air 62,37 %b0.0067

Berat kering bahan 3,90 kgxg-N

HariTanggalLubangJamSelshSelshJmlhSuhuWktFlowVolAbsg-Ng-N/LBebanOutletPenyrpng-Ng NH3KonstrEfsns

kewaktu(jam)(jam)(oC)(mnt)(l/mnt)(m3)dlm lar.udara(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)total/m3(ppm)(%)

15/4/05Inlet7:300:000027.53100.02980.44010.55380.0190.00067.5722603.632.17100

Outlet7:340:040.0727.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet13:336:036.056.0530.53100.02950.36320.45550.0150.5290.529167.3018778.527.00100

Outlet13:376:036.0530.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

25/5/05Inlet7:3518:0218.0324.0827.53100.02980.48560.61190.02179.3524976.635.55100

Outlet7:3918:0218.0327.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet14:016:266.4330.5129.53100.02960.67850.85840.0293.1123.112314.9235270.350.54100

Outlet14:056:266.4329.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

35/6/05Inlet8:0518:0418.0748.5826.53100.02980.76540.96950.032110.4939437.655.95100

Outlet8:0918:0418.0726.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet13:455:405.6754.2530.03100.02950.52310.65990.0223.3383.338240.4627156.438.97100

Outlet13:495:405.6730.0320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

45/7/05Inlet7:4017:5517.9272.1727.03100.02980.94531.19930.040145.6248870.369.4497.74

Outlet7:4417:5517.9227.0320.00600.01100.00540.0011106.51.57

Inlet13:506:106.1778.3430.53100.02950.89971.14110.0394.8794.778403.0147038.567.6298.13

Outlet13:546:106.1730.5320.00590.01000.00430.0010.101879.91.26

55/8/05Inlet7:3017:4017.6796.0127.03100.02981.36811.73960.058214.7970884.4100.7395.52

Outlet7:3417:4017.6727.0320.00600.01890.01560.0033174.04.51

Inlet13:556:256.42102.4330.03100.02950.68240.86340.0295.4135.220301.8535533.751.0098.24

Outlet13:596:256.4230.0320.00590.00910.00300.0010.193626.10.90

65/9/05Inlet7:2517:3017.50119.9326.53100.02980.23140.28710.01038.9611680.016.57100

Outlet7:2917:3017.5026.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet14:106:456.75126.6829.53100.02960.40230.50550.0171.6621.662179.5920769.529.76100

Outlet14:146:456.7529.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

75/10/05Inlet7:4017:3017.50144.1827.03100.02980.25640.31910.01140.6613001.218.47100

Outlet7:4417:3017.5027.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet14:006:206.33150.5130.53100.02950.53420.67400.0232.0522.052247.1327785.939.94100

Outlet14:046:206.3330.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

85/11/05Inlet8:0018:0018.00168.5127.03100.02980.46740.58870.0202.3682.368282.4523987.434.09100

Outlet8:0418:0018.0027.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

95/12/05Inlet7:5023:5023.83192.3426.53100.02980.63540.80330.0273.1593.159388.8432680.146.36100

Outlet7:5423:5023.8326.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

105/13/05Inlet7:5524.0524.08216.4226.53100.02980.87341.10750.0374.4014.401524.9145051.563.91100

Outlet7:5924.0524.0826.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

115/14/05Inlet7:3023:3523.58240.0027.03100.02980.96521.22480.0414.7744.700584.6349906.570.9298.46

Outlet7:3423:3523.5827.0320.00600.00970.00380.0010.074770.91.10

125/15/05Inlet7:3524.0524.08264.0826.03100.02991.14761.45780.0495.7845.562679.9959205.583.8596.17

Outlet7:3924.0524.0826.0320.00600.01540.01120.0020.2222268.13.21

135/16/05Inlet7:4524.1024.17288.2527.03100.02980.45250.56960.0192.2762.276273.3123211.632.98100

Outlet7:4924.1024.1727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

145/17/05Inlet7:3523:5023.83312.0826.53100.02980.37920.47600.0161.8721.872232.0119362.727.47100

Outlet7:3923:5023.8326.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

155/18/05Inlet7:5024.1524.25336.3327.03100.02980.68650.86860.0293.3423.342835.1235395.350.30100

Outlet7:5424.1524.2527.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

165/20/05Inlet7:3547.4547.75384.0827.03100.02980.66360.83940.0286.3596.359797.1934203.048.60100

Outlet7:3947.4547.7527.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

175/22/05Inlet7:4547.1047.17431.2526.53100.02980.69870.88420.0306.6076.540843.0935970.551.0398.99

Outlet7:4947.1047.1726.5320.00600.00810.00180.0000.067364.10.52

185/24/05Inlet7:4047.5547.92479.1726.03100.02990.95341.20970.0409.1678.934564.9849127.869.5897.46

Outlet7:4447.5547.9226.0320.00600.01150.00610.0010.2331246.11.76

195/25/05Inlet7:3323:5323.88503.0527.03100.02980.16870.20700.0070.7840.784301.638434.911.99100

Outlet7:3723:5323.8827.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

205/28/05Inlet7:5572.2272.37575.4227.53100.02980.74630.94510.03210.47310.4731832.9738573.154.90100

Outlet7:5972.2272.3727.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

216/1/05Inlet8:0596.1096.17671.5927.03100.02980.29810.37230.0125.4745.474540.3815172.421.56100

Outlet8:0996.1096.1727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

226/4/05Inlet8:1072.0572.08743.6727.03100.02980.57080.72080.0247.9437.9430.0129371.141.74100

Outlet8:1472.0572.08743.6727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

Beban total95.7680.8994.879

Per-hari(gN)2.9022.875

Biofilter 2Y=ax+bA

Campuran kompos, tanah dan sekama0.7826





15/4/05Inlet7:300:000027.53100.02980.44010.55380.019067.5722603.632.17100

Outlet7:340:040.0727.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet13:336:036.056.0530.53100.02950.36320.45550.0150.5230.523167.3018778.527.00100

Outlet13:376:036.0530.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

25/5/05Inlet7:3518:0218.0324.0827.53100.02980.48560.61190.02179.3524976.635.55100

Outlet7:3918:0218.0327.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet14:016:266.4330.5129.53100.02960.67850.85840.0293.0803.080314.9235270.350.54100

Outlet14:056:266.4329.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

35/6/05Inlet8:0518:0418.0748.5826.53100.02980.76540.96950.032110.4939437.655.95100

Outlet8:0918:0418.0726.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet13:455:405.6754.2530.03100.02950.52310.65990.0223.3043.304240.4627156.438.97100

Outlet13:495:405.6730.0320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

45/7/05Inlet7:4017:5517.9272.1727.03100.02980.94531.19930.040143.4248870.369.4496.26

Outlet7:4417:5517.9227.0320.00600.01370.00900.0021827.82.60

Inlet13:506:106.1778.3430.53100.02950.89971.14110.0394.8294.689402.2547038.567.6297.94

Outlet13:546:106.1730.5320.00590.01040.00470.0010.141966.91.39

55/8/05Inlet7:3017:4017.6796.0127.03100.02981.36811.73960.058212.8370884.4100.7394.65

Outlet7:3417:4017.6727.0320.00600.02130.01860.0033791.35.39

Inlet13:556:256.42102.4330.03100.02950.68240.86340.0295.3585.127300.7635533.751.0097.88

Outlet13:596:256.4230.0320.00590.00960.00370.0010.231751.81.08

65/9/05Inlet7:2517:3017.50119.9326.53100.02980.23140.28710.01038.9611680.016.57100

Outlet7:2917:3017.5026.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet14:106:456.75126.6829.53100.02960.40230.50550.0171.6451.645179.5920769.529.76100

Outlet14:146:456.7529.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

75/10/05Inlet7:4017:3017.50144.1827.03100.02980.25640.31910.01140.6613001.218.47100

Outlet7:4417:3017.5027.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet14:006:206.33150.5130.53100.02950.53420.67400.0232.0322.032247.1327785.939.94100

Outlet14:046:206.3330.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

85/11/05Inlet8:0018:0018.00168.5127.03100.02980.46740.58870.0202.4092.409282.4523987.434.09100

Outlet8:0418:0018.0027.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

95/12/05Inlet7:5023:5023.83192.3426.53100.02980.63540.80330.0273.2153.215388.8432680.146.36100

Outlet7:5423:5023.8326.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

105/13/05Inlet7:5524.0524.08216.4226.53100.02980.87341.10750.0374.4784.395515.1945051.563.9198.15

Outlet7:5924.0524.0826.5320.00600.00990.00410.0010.083834.31.18

115/14/05Inlet7:3023:3523.58240.0027.03100.02980.96521.22480.0414.8584.730578.1349906.570.9297.36

Outlet7:3423:3523.5827.0320.00600.01180.00650.0010.1281317.21.87

125/15/05Inlet7:3524.0524.08264.0826.03100.02991.14761.45780.0495.8855.615674.6759205.583.8595.42

Outlet7:3924.0524.0826.0320.00600.01720.01340.0020.2702713.83.84

135/16/05Inlet7:4524.1024.17288.2527.03100.02980.45250.56960.0192.3162.316273.3123211.632.98100

Outlet7:4924.1024.1727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

145/17/05Inlet7:3523:5023.83312.0826.53100.02980.37920.47600.0161.9051.905232.0119362.727.47100

Outlet7:3923:5023.8326.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

155/18/05Inlet7:5024.1524.25336.3327.03100.02980.68650.86860.0293.3193.319835.1235395.350.30100

Outlet7:5424.1524.2527.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

165/20/05Inlet7:3547.4547.75384.0827.03100.02980.66360.83940.0286.3146.314797.1934203.048.60100

Outlet7:3947.4547.7527.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

175/22/05Inlet7:4547.1047.17431.2526.53100.02980.69870.88420.0306.5606.492842.8535970.551.0398.96

Outlet7:4947.1047.1726.5320.00600.00810.00180.0000.068374.30.53

185/24/05Inlet7:4047.5547.92479.1726.03100.02990.95341.20970.0409.1028.869564.8649127.869.5897.44

Outlet7:4447.5547.9226.0320.00600.01150.00620.0010.2331256.61.78

195/25/05Inlet7:3323:5323.88503.0527.03100.02980.16870.20700.0070.7790.779301.638434.911.99100

Outlet7:3723:5323.8827.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

205/28/05Inlet7:5572.2272.37575.4227.53100.02980.74630.94510.03210.52110.2641788.1138573.154.9097.55

Outlet7:5972.2272.3727.5320.00600.01030.00460.0010.257944.01.34

216/1/05Inlet8:0596.1096.17671.5927.03100.02980.29810.37230.0125.4995.499540.3815172.421.56100

Outlet8:0996.1096.1727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

226/4/05Inlet8:1072.0572.08743.6727.03100.02980.57080.72080.0247.9797.9790.0129371.141.74100

Outlet8:1472.0572.08743.6727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.000

Beban total95.9121.4194.500


Biofilter 3Y=ax+bA

Campuran kompos, tanah, serasah daun karet dan sludgea0.7826





15/4/05Inlet7:300:000027.53100.02980.44010.55380.019067.5722603.632.17100

Outlet7:340:040.0727.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet13:336:036.056.0530.53100.02950.36320.45550.0150.5150.515167.3018778.527.00100

Outlet13:376:036.0530.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

25/5/05Inlet7:3518:0218.0324.0827.53100.02980.48560.61190.02179.3524976.635.55100

Outlet7:3918:0218.0327.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet14:016:266.4330.5129.53100.02960.67850.85840.0293.0343.034314.9235270.350.54100

Outlet14:056:266.4329.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

35/6/05Inlet8:0518:0418.0748.5826.53100.02980.76540.96950.032110.4939437.655.95100

Outlet8:0918:0418.0726.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet13:455:405.6754.2530.03100.02950.52310.65990.0223.2553.255240.4627156.438.97100

Outlet13:495:405.6730.0320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

45/7/05Inlet7:4017:5517.9272.1727.03100.02980.94531.19930.040146.0248870.369.4498.00

Outlet7:4417:5517.9227.0320.00600.01040.00480.001975.51.39

Inlet13:506:106.1778.3430.53100.02950.89971.14110.0394.7574.670403.9147038.567.6298.35

Outlet13:546:106.1730.5320.00590.00970.00380.0010.087777.01.12

55/8/05Inlet7:3017:4017.6796.0127.03100.02981.36811.73960.058214.6170884.4100.7395.44

Outlet7:3417:4017.6727.0320.00600.01910.01590.0033233.14.59

Inlet13:556:256.42102.4330.03100.02950.68240.86340.0295.2785.080300.6235533.751.0097.84

Outlet13:596:256.4230.0320.00590.00960.00370.0010.198768.21.10

65/9/05Inlet7:2517:3017.50119.9326.53100.02980.23140.28710.01038.9611680.016.57100

Outlet7:2917:3017.5026.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet14:106:456.75126.6829.53100.02960.40230.50550.0171.6201.620179.5920769.529.76100

Outlet14:146:456.7529.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

75/10/05Inlet7:4017:3017.50144.1827.03100.02980.25640.31910.01140.6613001.218.47100

Outlet7:4417:3017.5027.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet14:006:206.33150.5130.53100.02950.53420.67400.0232.0012.001247.1327785.939.94100

Outlet14:046:206.3330.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

85/11/05Inlet8:0018:0018.00168.5127.03100.02980.46740.58870.0202.3392.339282.4523987.434.09100

Outlet8:0418:0018.0027.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

95/12/05Inlet7:5023:5023.83192.3426.53100.02980.63540.80330.0273.1213.121388.8432680.146.36100

Outlet7:5423:5023.8326.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

105/13/05Inlet7:5524.0524.08216.4226.53100.02980.87341.10750.0374.3474.347524.9145051.563.91100.00

Outlet7:5924.0524.0826.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

115/14/05Inlet7:3023:3523.58240.0027.03100.02980.96521.22480.0414.7164.626582.4349906.570.9298.08

Outlet7:3423:3523.5827.0320.00600.01040.00470.0010.090955.81.36

125/15/05Inlet7:3524.0524.08264.0826.03100.02991.14761.45780.0495.7135.584691.1359205.583.8597.74

Outlet7:3924.0524.0826.0320.00600.01180.00660.0010.1291335.71.89

135/16/05Inlet7:4524.1024.17288.2527.03100.02980.45250.56960.0192.2482.248273.3123211.632.98100

Outlet7:4924.1024.1727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

145/17/05Inlet7:3523:5023.83312.0826.53100.02980.37920.47600.0161.8491.849232.0119362.727.47100

Outlet7:3923:5023.8326.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

155/18/05Inlet7:5024.1524.25336.3327.03100.02980.68650.86860.0293.2573.257835.1235395.350.30100

Outlet7:5424.1524.2527.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

165/20/05Inlet7:3547.4547.75384.0827.03100.02980.66360.83940.0286.1986.198797.1934203.048.60100

Outlet7:3947.4547.7527.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

175/22/05Inlet7:4547.1047.17431.2526.53100.02980.69870.88420.0306.4396.439851.7135970.551.03100

Outlet7:4947.1047.1726.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

185/24/05Inlet7:4047.5547.92479.1726.03100.02990.95341.20970.0408.9348.755568.0249127.869.5897.99

Outlet7:4447.5547.9226.0320.00600.01050.00490.0010.180988.61.40

195/25/05Inlet7:3323:5323.88503.0527.03100.02980.16870.20700.0070.7640.764301.638434.911.99100

Outlet7:3723:5323.8827.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

205/28/05Inlet7:5572.2272.37575.4227.53100.02980.74630.94510.03210.1059.9241800.0538573.154.9098.20

Outlet7:5972.2272.3727.5320.00600.00940.00340.0010.181692.60.99

216/1/05Inlet8:0596.1096.17671.5927.03100.02980.29810.37230.0125.2825.282540.3815172.421.56100

Outlet8:0996.1096.1727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

226/4/05Inlet8:1072.0572.08743.6727.03100.02980.57080.72080.0247.6647.6640.0129371.141.74100

Outlet8:1472.0572.08743.6727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.000

Beban total93.4380.8792.572


Biofilter 4Y=ax+bA

Campuran kompos, tanah dan serasah daun kareta0.7826





15/4/05Inlet7:300:000027.53100.02980.44010.55380.019067.5722603.632.17100

Outlet7:340:040.0727.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet13:336:036.056.0530.53100.02950.36320.45550.0150.5050.505167.3018778.527.00100

Outlet13:376:036.0530.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

25/5/05Inlet7:3518:0218.0324.0827.53100.02980.48560.61190.02179.3524976.635.55100

Outlet7:3918:0218.0327.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet14:016:266.4330.5129.53100.02960.67850.85840.0292.9742.974314.9235270.350.54100

Outlet14:056:266.4329.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

35/6/05Inlet8:0518:0418.0748.5826.53100.02980.76540.96950.032110.4939437.655.95100

Outlet8:0918:0418.0726.5320.00600.08430.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet13:455:405.6754.2530.03100.02950.52310.65990.0223.1913.191240.4627156.438.97100

Outlet13:495:405.6730.0320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

45/7/05Inlet7:4017:5517.9272.1727.03100.02980.94531.19930.040145.8248870.369.4497.87

Outlet7:4417:5517.9227.0320.00600.01070.00510.0011039.01.48

Inlet13:506:106.1778.3430.53100.02950.89971.14110.0394.6644.532396.6047038.567.6296.57

Outlet13:546:106.1730.5320.00590.01280.00780.0010.1321614.12.32

55/8/05Inlet7:3017:4017.6796.0127.03100.02981.36811.73960.058211.4070884.4100.7394.02

Outlet7:3417:4017.6727.0320.00600.02300.02080.0034242.26.03

Inlet13:556:256.42102.4330.03100.02950.68240.86340.0295.1754.929301.0535533.751.0097.98

Outlet13:596:256.4230.0320.00590.00940.00350.0010.246718.11.03

65/9/05Inlet7:2517:3017.50119.9326.53100.02980.23140.28710.01038.9611680.016.57100

Outlet7:2917:3017.5026.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet14:106:456.75126.6829.53100.02960.40230.50550.0171.5881.588179.5920769.529.76100

Outlet14:146:456.7529.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

75/10/05Inlet7:4017:3017.50144.1827.03100.02980.25640.31910.01140.6613001.218.47100

Outlet7:4417:3017.5027.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet14:006:206.33150.5130.53100.02950.53420.67400.0231.9621.962247.1327785.939.94100

Outlet14:046:206.3330.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

85/11/05Inlet8:0018:0018.00168.5127.03100.02980.46740.58870.0202.2722.272282.4523987.434.09100

Outlet8:0418:0018.0027.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

95/12/05Inlet7:5023:5023.83192.3426.53100.02980.63540.80330.0273.0323.032388.8432680.146.36100

Outlet7:5423:5023.8326.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

105/13/05Inlet7:5524.0524.08216.4226.53100.02980.87341.10750.0374.2244.224524.9145051.563.91100.00

Outlet7:5924.0524.0826.5320.00600.08590.00000.0000.0000.00.00

115/14/05Inlet7:3023:3523.58240.0027.03100.02980.96521.22480.0414.5824.479580.8249906.570.9297.81

Outlet7:3423:3523.5827.0320.00600.01090.00540.0010.1031091.11.55

125/15/05Inlet7:3524.0524.08264.0826.03100.02991.14761.45780.0495.5515.364683.9059205.583.8596.72

Outlet7:3924.0524.0826.0320.00600.01420.00960.0020.1871941.32.75

135/16/05Inlet7:4524.1024.17288.2527.03100.02980.45250.56960.0192.1842.184273.3123211.632.98100

Outlet7:4924.1024.1727.0320.00600.03130.00000.0000.0000.00.00

145/17/05Inlet7:3523:5023.83312.0826.53100.02980.37920.47600.0161.7971.797232.0119362.727.47100

Outlet7:3923:5023.8326.5320.00600.03120.00000.0000.0000.00.00

155/18/05Inlet7:5024.1524.25336.3327.03100.02980.68650.86860.0293.1843.184835.1235395.350.30100

Outlet7:5424.1524.2527.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

165/20/05Inlet7:3547.4547.75384.0827.03100.02980.66360.83940.0286.0586.058797.1934203.048.60100

Outlet7:3947.4547.7527.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

175/22/05Inlet7:4547.1047.17431.2526.53100.02980.69870.88420.0306.2946.114828.3335970.551.0397.25

Outlet7:4947.1047.1726.5320.00600.01050.00490.0010.180987.41.40

185/24/05Inlet7:4047.5547.92479.1726.03100.02990.95341.20970.0408.7338.488563.7649127.869.5897.25

Outlet7:4447.5547.9226.0320.00600.01190.00660.0010.2451349.71.91

195/25/05Inlet7:3323:5323.88503.0527.03100.02980.16870.20700.0070.7470.747301.638434.911.99100

Outlet7:3723:5323.8827.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

205/28/05Inlet7:5572.2272.37575.4227.53100.02980.74630.94510.03210.1279.8801788.0938573.154.9097.55

Outlet7:5972.2272.3727.5320.00600.01030.00460.0010.247944.51.34

216/1/05Inlet8:0596.1096.17671.5927.03100.02980.29810.37230.0125.2945.294540.3815172.421.56100

Outlet8:0996.1096.1727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

226/4/05Inlet8:1072.0572.08743.6727.03100.02980.57080.72080.0247.6807.6800.0129371.141.74100

Outlet8:1472.0572.08743.6727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.000

Beban total91.8211.3490.480


Biofilter 5Y=ax+bA

Campuran kompos, tanah, kulit kayu karet dan sludgea0.7826





15/4/05Inlet7:300:000027.53100.02980.44010.55380.019067.5722603.632.17100

Outlet7:340:040.0727.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet13:336:036.056.0530.53100.02950.36320.45550.0150.4980.498167.3018778.527.00100

Outlet13:376:036.0530.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

25/5/05Inlet7:3518:0218.0324.0827.53100.02980.48560.61190.02179.3524976.635.55100

Outlet7:3918:0218.0327.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet14:016:266.4330.5129.53100.02960.67850.85840.0292.9312.931314.9235270.350.54100

Outlet14:056:266.4329.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

35/6/05Inlet8:0518:0418.0748.5826.53100.02980.76540.96950.032110.4939437.655.95100

Outlet8:0918:0418.0726.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet13:455:405.6754.2530.03100.02950.52310.65990.0223.1453.145240.4627156.438.97100

Outlet13:495:405.6730.0320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

45/7/05Inlet7:4017:5517.9272.1727.03100.02980.94531.19930.040145.8448870.369.4497.89

Outlet7:4417:5517.9227.0320.00600.01070.00510.0011033.61.47

Inlet13:506:106.1778.3430.53100.02950.89971.14110.0394.5964.502402.6547038.567.6298.04

Outlet13:546:106.1730.5320.00590.01020.00450.0010.094921.41.32

55/8/05Inlet7:3017:4017.6796.0127.03100.02981.36811.73960.058214.5170884.4100.7395.40

Outlet7:3417:4017.6727.0320.00600.01920.01600.0033262.14.64

Inlet13:556:256.42102.4330.03100.02950.68240.86340.0295.1004.898299.0335533.751.0097.32

Outlet13:596:256.4230.0320.00590.01030.00460.0010.202952.11.37

65/9/05Inlet7:2517:3017.50119.9326.53100.02980.23140.28710.01038.9611680.016.57100

Outlet7:2917:3017.5026.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet14:106:456.75126.6829.53100.02960.40230.50550.0171.5651.565179.5920769.529.76100

Outlet14:146:456.7529.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

75/10/05Inlet7:4017:3017.50144.1827.03100.02980.25640.31910.01140.6613001.218.47100

Outlet7:4417:3017.5027.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet14:006:206.33150.5130.53100.02950.53420.67400.0231.9331.933247.1327785.939.94100

Outlet14:046:206.3330.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

85/11/05Inlet8:0018:0018.00168.5127.03100.02980.46740.58870.0202.2202.220282.4523987.434.09100

Outlet8:0418:0018.0027.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

95/12/05Inlet7:5023:5023.83192.3426.53100.02980.63540.80330.0272.9622.962388.8432680.146.36100

Outlet7:5423:5023.8326.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

105/13/05Inlet7:5524.0524.08216.4226.53100.02980.87341.10750.0374.1274.127524.9145051.563.91100

Outlet7:5924.0524.0826.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

115/14/05Inlet7:3023:3523.58240.0027.03100.02980.96521.22480.0414.4764.429587.5849906.570.9298.95

Outlet7:3423:3523.5827.0320.00600.00870.00260.0000.047523.30.74

125/15/05Inlet7:3524.0524.08264.0826.03100.02991.14761.45780.0495.4235.254685.0759205.583.8596.89

Outlet7:3924.0524.0826.0320.00600.01380.00910.0020.1691843.12.61

135/16/05Inlet7:4524.1024.17288.2527.03100.02980.45250.56960.0192.1342.134273.3123211.632.98100

Outlet7:4924.1024.1727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

145/17/05Inlet7:3523:5023.83312.0826.53100.02980.37920.47600.0161.7551.755232.0119362.727.47100

Outlet7:3923:5023.8326.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

155/18/05Inlet7:5024.1524.25336.3327.03100.02980.68650.86860.0293.1283.128835.1235395.350.30100

Outlet7:5424.1524.2527.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

165/20/05Inlet7:3547.4547.75384.0827.03100.02980.66360.83940.0285.9515.951797.1934203.048.60100

Outlet7:3947.4547.7527.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

175/22/05Inlet7:4547.1047.17431.2526.53100.02980.69870.88420.0306.1836.183851.7135970.551.03100

Outlet7:4947.1047.1726.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

185/24/05Inlet7:4047.5547.92479.1726.03100.02990.95341.20970.0408.5798.289560.1149129.969.5896.62

Outlet7:4447.5547.9226.0320.00600.01310.00820.0010.2901661.02.35

195/25/05Inlet7:3323:5323.88503.0527.03100.02980.16870.20700.0070.7340.734301.638434.911.99100

Outlet7:3723:5323.8827.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

205/28/05Inlet7:5572.2272.37575.4227.53100.02980.74630.94510.0329.9099.7871810.3438573.154.9098.77

Outlet7:5972.2272.3727.5320.00600.00850.00230.0000.122476.10.68

216/1/05Inlet8:0596.1096.17671.5927.03100.02980.29810.37230.0125.1795.179540.3815172.421.56100

Outlet8:0996.1096.1727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

226/4/05Inlet8:1072.0572.08743.6727.03100.02980.57080.72080.0247.5157.5150.0129371.141.74100

Outlet8:1472.0572.08743.6727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.000

Beban total90.0440.9289.120


Biofilter 6Y=ax+bA

Campuran kompos, tanah dan kulit kayu kareta0.7826





15/4/05Inlet7:300:000027.53100.02980.44010.55380.019067.5722603.632.17100

Outlet7:340:040.0727.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet13:336:036.056.0530.53100.02950.36320.45550.0150.4890.489167.3018778.527.00100

Outlet13:376:036.0530.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

25/5/05Inlet7:3518:0218.0324.0827.53100.02980.48560.61190.02179.3524976.635.55100

Outlet7:3918:0218.0327.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet14:016:266.4330.5129.53100.02960.67850.85840.0292.8762.876314.9235270.350.54100

Outlet14:056:266.4329.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

35/6/05Inlet8:0518:0418.0748.5826.53100.02980.76540.96950.032110.4939437.655.95100

Outlet8:0918:0418.0726.5320.00600.08460.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet13:455:405.6754.2530.03100.02950.52310.65990.0223.0853.085240.4627156.438.97100

Outlet13:495:405.6730.0320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

45/7/05Inlet7:4017:5517.9272.1727.03100.02980.94531.19930.040144.9948870.369.4497.31

Outlet7:4417:5517.9227.0320.00600.01170.00640.0011314.11.87

Inlet13:506:106.1778.3430.53100.02950.89971.14110.0394.5094.413404.7247038.567.6298.54

Outlet13:546:106.1730.5320.00590.00930.00330.0010.096684.80.98

55/8/05Inlet7:3017:4017.6796.0127.03100.02981.36811.73960.058215.7570884.4100.7395.95

Outlet7:3417:4017.6727.0320.00600.01770.01410.0022872.04.08

Inlet13:556:256.42102.4330.03100.02950.68240.86340.0295.0034.819298.9935533.751.0097.31

Outlet13:596:256.4230.0320.00590.01030.00470.0010.183957.11.37

65/9/05Inlet7:2517:3017.50119.9326.53100.02980.23140.28710.01038.9611680.016.57100

Outlet7:2917:3017.5026.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet14:106:456.75126.6829.53100.02960.40230.50550.0171.5361.536179.5920769.529.76100

Outlet14:146:456.7529.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

75/10/05Inlet7:4017:3017.50144.1827.03100.02980.25640.31910.01140.6613001.218.47100

Outlet7:4417:3017.5027.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00

Inlet14:006:206.33150.5130.53100.02950.53420.67400.0231.8971.897247.1327785.939.94100

Outlet14:046:206.3330.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

85/11/05Inlet8:0018:0018.00168.5127.03100.02980.46740.58870.0202.2152.215282.4523987.434.09100

Outlet8:0418:0018.0027.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

95/12/05Inlet7:5023:5023.83192.3426.53100.02980.63540.80330.0272.9552.955388.8432680.146.36100

Outlet7:5423:5023.8326.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

105/13/05Inlet7:5524.0524.08216.4226.53100.02980.87341.10750.0374.1174.053517.4645051.563.9198.58

Outlet7:5924.0524.0826.5320.00600.00920.00310.0010.064639.40.91

115/14/05Inlet7:3023:3523.58240.0027.03100.02980.96521.22480.0414.4664.373581.5049906.570.9297.93

Outlet7:3423:3523.5827.0320.00600.01070.00510.0010.0931034.01.47

125/15/05Inlet7:3524.0524.08264.0826.03100.02991.14761.45780.0495.4115.212681.1859205.583.8596.34

Outlet7:3924.0524.0826.0320.00600.01510.01070.0020.1992169.03.07

135/16/05Inlet7:4524.1024.17288.2527.03100.02980.45250.56960.0192.1292.129273.3123211.632.98100

Outlet7:4924.1024.1727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

145/17/05Inlet7:3523:5023.83312.0826.53100.02980.37920.47600.0161.7511.751232.0119362.727.47100

Outlet7:3923:5023.8326.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

155/18/05Inlet7:5024.1524.25336.3327.03100.02980.68650.86860.0293.1353.135835.1235395.350.30100

Outlet7:5424.1524.2527.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

165/20/05Inlet7:3547.4547.75384.0827.03100.02980.66360.83940.0285.9645.964797.1934203.048.60100

Outlet7:3947.4547.7527.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

175/22/05Inlet7:4547.1047.17431.2526.53100.02980.69870.88420.0306.1966.023829.1835970.551.0397.35

Outlet7:4947.1047.1726.5320.00600.01040.00470.0010.174951.71.35

185/24/05Inlet7:4047.5547.92479.1726.03100.02990.95341.20970.0408.5988.328561.4449127.869.5896.85

Outlet7:4447.5547.9226.0320.00600.01270.00760.0010.2701546.12.19

195/25/05Inlet7:3323:5323.88503.0527.03100.02980.16870.20700.0070.7360.736301.638434.911.99100

Outlet7:3723:5323.8827.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

205/28/05Inlet7:5572.2272.37575.4227.53100.02980.74630.94510.0329.8889.7501807.4438573.154.9098.61

Outlet7:5972.2272.3727.5320.00600.00880.00260.0000.138537.20.76

216/1/05Inlet8:0596.1096.17671.5927.03100.02980.29810.37230.0125.1685.168540.3815172.421.56100

Outlet8:0996.1096.1727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00

226/4/05Inlet8:1072.0572.08743.6727.03100.02980.57080.72080.0247.4997.4990.0129371.141.74100

Outlet8:1472.0572.08743.6727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.000

Beban total89.6211.2288.406

Per-hari(gN)2.7162.678959395

Keterangan :

1.g-N dalam larutan:(Y - b)/a

Y= absorbansi

2.g-N/L udara:(g-N dalam larutan/volume udara)/1000

3.Beban (g-N/kg bhn kering/hr):[(g-N/L udara inlet1-g-N/L udara inlet2)*selisih waktu sampling*(60/lama sampling)]/brt bhn kering

4.Outlet (g-N'kg bhn kering/hr):[(g-N/L udara outlet1-g-N/L udara outlet2)*selisih waktu sampling*(60/lama sampling)]/brt bhn kering

5.Penyerapan (g-N'kg bhn kering/hr):Beban - Outlet

6.g-N total:(g-N/L udara inlet - outlet)*flow*60*selisih waktu sampling

7.g NH3/m3:(g-N/L udara*(Mr NH3/Mr N)*1000000000))/1000

8.Konsentrasi (ppm):(8,314*(273+t)*g NH3/m3)/(103250*17)

9.Efisiensi (%):((Konsentrasi inlet - outlet)/Konsentrasi inlet)*100%

Keterangan :

1.g-N dalam larutan:(Y - b)/a

Y= absorbansi

2.g-S/L udara:(g-S dalam larutan/volume udara)/1000

3.Beban (g-S/kg bhn kering/hr):[(g-S/L udara inlet1-g-N/L udara inlet2)*selisih waktu sampling*(60/lama sampling)]/brt bhn kering

4.Outlet (g-S/kg bhn kering/hr):[(g-S/L udara outlet1-g-N/L udara outlet2)*selisih waktu sampling*(60/lama sampling)]/brt bhn kering

5.Penyerapan (g-S/kg bhn kering/hr):Beban - Outlet

6.g-S total:(g-S/L udara inlet - outlet)*flow*60*selisih waktu sampling

7.g H2S/m3:(g-S/L udara*(Mr H2S/Mr S)*1000000000))/1000

8.Konsentrasi (ppm):(8,314*(273+t)*g H2S/m3)/(103250*17)

9.Efisiensi (%):((Konsentrasi inlet - outlet)/Konsentrasi inlet)*100%

Sheet2

Total Penyerapan NH3 pada Biofilter 1Hubungan antara Beban dan Kapasitas Penyerapan pada Biofilter 1

WaktuBebanOutletPenyerapanWaktuBebanKapasitas Penyerapan

(hari)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)(hari)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)

10.5290.0000.52900.0000.000

10.5290.0000.52910.5290.529

23.1120.0003.11223.1123.112

23.1120.0003.11233.3383.338

33.3380.0003.33844.8794.778

33.3380.0003.33855.4135.220

44.8790.1014.77861.6621.662

44.8790.1014.77872.0522.052

56.6660.2286.43882.3682.368

56.6660.2286.43893.1593.159

61.6620.0001.662104.4014.401

61.6620.0001.662114.7744.700

72.0520.0002.052125.7845.562

72.0520.0002.052132.2762.276

82.3680.0002.368141.8721.872

93.1590.0003.159153.3423.342

104.4010.0004.401173.1793.179

114.7740.0744.700193.3033.270

127.0000.2686.732214.5834.467

132.2760.0002.276220.7840.784

141.8720.0001.872253.4913.491

153.3420.0003.342291.3681.368

163.3420.0003.342331.9861.986

176.3590.0006.359

186.3590.0006.359

196.6070.0676.540

206.6070.0676.540

219.1670.2338.934

220.7840.0000.784

2510.4730.00010.473

295.4740.0005.474

327.9430.0007.943

33




10.5230.0000.52300.0000.000

10.5230.0000.52310.5230.523

23.0800.0003.08023.0803.080

23.0800.0003.08033.3043.304

33.3040.0003.30444.8294.689

33.3040.0003.30455.3585.127

44.8290.1414.68961.6451.645

44.8290.1414.68972.0322.032

55.3580.2315.12782.4092.409

55.3580.2315.12793.2153.215

61.6450.0001.645104.4784.395

61.6450.0001.645114.8584.730

72.0320.0002.032125.8855.615

72.0320.0002.032132.3162.316

82.4090.0002.409141.9051.905

93.2150.0003.215153.3193.319

104.4780.0834.395173.1573.157

114.8580.1284.730193.2803.246

125.8850.2705.615214.5514.434

132.3160.0002.316220.7790.779

141.9050.0001.905253.5073.421

153.3190.0003.319291.3751.375

163.3190.0003.319331.9951.995

176.3140.0006.314

186.3140.0006.314

196.5600.0686.492

206.5600.0686.492

219.1020.2338.869

220.7790.0000.779

2510.5210.25710.264

295.4990.0005.499

327.9790.0007.979

33




10.5150.0000.51500.0000.000

10.5150.0000.51510.5150.515

23.0340.0003.03423.0343.034

23.0340.0003.03433.2553.255

33.2550.0003.25544.7574.670

33.2550.0003.25555.2785.080

44.7570.0874.67061.6201.620

44.7570.0874.67072.0012.001

55.2780.1985.08082.3392.339

55.2780.1985.08093.1213.121

61.6200.0001.620104.3474.347

61.6200.0001.620114.7164.626

72.0010.0002.001125.7135.584

72.0010.0002.001132.2482.248

82.3390.0002.339141.8491.849

93.1210.0003.121153.2573.257

104.3470.0004.347173.0993.099

114.7160.0904.626193.2193.219

125.7130.1295.584214.4674.377

132.2480.0002.248220.7640.764

141.8490.0001.849253.3683.308

153.2570.0003.257291.3201.320

163.2570.0003.257331.9161.916

176.1980.0006.198

186.1980.0006.198

196.4390.0006.439

206.4390.0006.439

218.9340.1808.755

220.7640.0000.764

2510.1050.1819.924

295.2820.0005.282

327.6640.0007.664

33




10.5050.0000.50500.0000.000

10.5050.0000.50510.5050.505

22.9740.0002.97422.9742.974

22.9740.0002.97433.1913.191

33.1910.0003.19144.6644.532

33.1910.0003.19155.1754.929

44.6640.1324.53261.5881.588

44.6640.1324.53271.9621.962

55.1750.2464.92982.2722.272

55.1750.2464.92993.0323.032

61.5880.0001.588104.2244.224

61.5880.0001.588114.5824.479

71.9620.0001.962125.5515.364

71.9620.0001.962132.1842.184

82.2720.0002.272141.7971.797

93.0320.0003.032153.1843.184

104.2240.0004.224173.0293.029

114.5820.1034.479193.1473.057

125.5510.1875.364214.3664.244

132.1840.0002.184220.7470.747

141.7970.0001.797253.3763.293

153.1840.0003.184291.3231.323

163.1840.0003.184331.9201.920

176.0580.0006.058

186.0580.0006.058

196.2940.0006.114

206.2940.1806.114

218.7330.2458.488

220.7470.0000.747

2510.1270.2479.880

295.2940.0005.294

327.6800.0007.680

33




10.4980.0000.49800.0000.000

10.4980.0000.49810.4980.498

22.9310.0002.93122.9312.931

22.9310.0002.93133.1453.145

33.1450.0003.14544.5964.502

33.1450.0003.14555.1004.898

44.5960.0944.50261.5651.565

44.5960.0944.50271.9331.933

55.1000.2024.89882.2202.220

55.1000.2024.89892.9622.962

61.5650.0001.565104.1274.127

61.5650.0001.565114.4764.429

71.9330.0001.933125.4235.254

71.9330.0001.933132.1342.134

82.2200.0002.220141.7551.755

92.9620.0002.962153.1283.128

104.1270.0004.127172.9752.975

114.4760.0474.429193.0913.091

125.4230.1695.254214.2894.144

132.1340.0002.134220.7340.734

141.7550.0001.755253.3033.262

153.1280.0003.128291.2951.295

163.1280.0003.128331.8791.879

175.9510.0005.951

185.9510.0005.951

196.1830.0006.183

206.1830.1806.183

218.5790.2908.289

220.7340.0000.734

259.9090.1229.787

295.1790.0005.179

327.5150.0007.515

33




10.4890.0000.48900.0000.000

10.4890.0000.48910.4890.489

22.8760.0002.87622.8762.876

22.8760.0002.87633.0853.085

33.0850.0003.08544.5094.413

33.0850.0003.08555.0034.819

44.5090.0964.41361.5361.536

44.5090.0964.41371.8971.897

55.0030.1834.81982.2152.215

55.0030.1834.81992.9552.955

61.5360.0001.536104.1174.053

61.5360.0001.536114.4664.373

71.8970.0001.897125.4115.212

71.8970.0001.897132.1292.129

82.2150.0002.215141.7511.751

92.9550.0002.955153.1353.135

104.1170.0644.053172.9822.982

114.4660.0934.373193.0983.011

125.4110.1995.212214.2994.164

132.1290.0002.129220.7360.736

141.7510.0001.751253.2963.250

153.1350.0003.135291.2921.292

163.1350.0003.135331.8751.875

175.9640.0005.964

185.9640.0005.964

196.1960.0006.023

206.1960.1746.023

218.5980.2708.328

220.7360.0000.736

259.8880.1389.750

295.1680.0005.168

327.4990.0007.499

33

Sheet2

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Sheet3

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Beban

Penyerapan

Waktu (hari)

(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Beban (g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)

Kapasitas Penyerapan (g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Beban

Penyerapan

Waktu (hari)


0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0



00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Beban

Penyerapan

Waktu (hari)


0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0



00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

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Penyerapan

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Waktu (hari)


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Kapasitas Penyerapan(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)

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Beban (g-N/kg bhn kering)

Kapasitas Penyerapan (g-N/kg bhn kering)

Efisiensi Biofilter 1

HariTanggalKonsentrasi InletKonsentrasi OutletEfisiensi0.00

ke(ppm NH3)(ppm NH3)(%)32.170.00

15/4/0532.170.00010027.000.00

27.000.00010035.550.00

25/5/0535.550.00010050.540.00

50.540.00010055.950.00

35/6/0555.950.00010038.971.57

38.970.00010069.441.26

45/7/0569.441.57297.7467.624.51

67.621.26598.13100.730.90

55/8/05100.734.51095.5251.000.00

51.000.89998.2416.570.00

65/9/0516.570.00010029.760.00

29.760.00010018.470.00

75/10/0518.470.00010039.940.00

39.940.00010034.090.00

85/11/0534.090.00010046.360.00

95/12/0546.360.00010063.911.10

105/13/0563.910.00010070.923.21

115/14/0570.921.09598.4983.850.00

125/15/0583.853.21296.1732.980.00

135/16/0532.980.00010027.470.00

145/17/0527.470.00010050.300.00

155/18/0550.300.00010050.300.52

165/19/0550.300.00010048.601.76

175/20/0548.600.00010048.600.00

185/21/0548.600.00010051.030.00

195/22/0551.030.51798.9951.030.00

205/23/0551.030.00010069.580.00

215/24/0569.581.76597.4611.99

225/25/0511.990.00010054.90

235/28/0554.900.00010054.90

245/29/0554.900.00010021.56

256/1/0521.560.00010041.74

266/4/0541.740.000100


HariTanggalKonsentrasi InletKonsentrasi OutletEfisiensi

ke(ppm NH3)(ppm NH3)(%)

15/4/0532.170.000100

27.000.000100

25/5/0535.550.000100

50.540.000100

35/6/0555.950.000100

38.970.000100

45/7/0569.442.59796.26

67.621.39097.94

55/8/05100.735.38794.65

51.001.07997.88

65/9/0516.570.000100

29.760.000100

75/10/0518.470.000100

39.940.000100

85/11/0534.090.000100

95/12/0546.360.000100

105/13/0563.911.18498.15

115/14/0570.921.87297.36

125/15/0583.853.84395.42

135/16/0532.980.000100

145/17/0527.470.000100

155/18/0550.300.000100

165/19/0550.300.000100

175/20/0548.600.000100

185/21/0548.600.000100

195/22/0551.030.53198.96

205/23/0551.030.000100

215/24/0569.581.78097.44

225/25/0511.990.000100

235/28/0554.901.34497.55

245/29/0554.900.000100

256/1/0521.560.000100

266/4/0541.740.000100




15/4/0532.170.000100

27.000.000100

25/5/0535.550.000100

50.540.000100

35/6/0555.950.000100

38.970.000100

45/7/0569.441.38698.00

67.621.11798.35

55/8/05100.734.59495.44

51.001.10397.84

65/9/0516.570.000100

29.760.000100

75/10/0518.470.000100

39.940.000100

85/11/0534.090.000100

95/12/0546.360.000100

105/13/0563.910.000100

115/14/0570.921.35898.08

125/15/0583.851.89297.74

135/16/0532.980.000100

145/17/0527.470.000100

155/18/0550.300.000100

165/19/0550.300.000100

175/20/0548.600.000100

185/21/0548.600.000100

195/22/0551.030.000100

205/23/0551.030.000100

215/24/0569.581.40097.99

225/25/0511.990.000100

235/28/0554.900.98698.20

245/29/0554.900.000100

256/1/0521.560.000100

266/4/0541.740.000100




15/4/0532.170.000100

27.000.000100

25/5/0535.550.000100

50.540.000100

35/6/0555.950.000100

38.970.000100

45/7/0569.441.47697.87

67.622.32096.57

55/8/05100.736.02894.02

51.001.03197.98

65/9/0516.570.000100

29.760.000100

75/10/0518.470.000100

39.940.000100

85/11/0534.090.000100

95/12/0546.360.000100

105/13/0563.910.000100

115/14/0570.921.55097.81

125/15/0583.852.74996.72

135/16/0532.980.000100

145/17/0527.470.000100

155/18/0550.300.000100

165/19/0550.300.000100

175/20/0548.600.000100

185/21/0548.600.000100

195/22/0551.030.000100

205/23/0551.031.40197.25

215/24/0569.581.91297.25

225/25/0511.990.000100

235/28/0554.901.34497.55

245/29/0554.900.000100

256/1/0521.560.000100

266/4/0541.740.000100




15/4/0532.170.000100

27.000.000100

25/5/0535.550.000100

50.540.000100

35/6/0555.950.000100

38.970.000100

45/7/0569.441.46997.89

67.621.32598.04

55/8/05100.734.63595.40

51.001.36697.32

65/9/0516.570.000100

29.760.000100

75/10/0518.470.000100

39.940.000100

85/11/0534.090.000100

95/12/0546.360.000100

105/13/0563.910.000100

115/14/0570.920.74498.95

125/15/0583.852.61096.89

135/16/0532.980.000100

145/17/0527.470.000100

155/18/0550.300.000100

165/19/0550.300.000100

175/20/0548.600.000100

185/21/0548.600.000100

195/22/0551.030.000100

205/23/0551.030.000100

215/24/0569.582.35296.62

225/25/0511.990.000100

235/28/0554.900.67898.77

245/29/0554.900.000100

256/1/0521.560.000100

266/4/0541.740.000100




15/4/0532.170.000100

27.000.000100

25/5/0535.550.000100

50.540.000100

35/6/0555.950.000100

38.970.000100

45/7/0569.441.86797.31

67.620.98498.54

55/8/05100.734.08195.95

51.001.37497.31

65/9/0516.570.000100

29.760.000100

75/10/0518.470.000100

39.940.000100

85/11/0534.090.000100

95/12/0546.360.000100

105/13/0563.910.90798.58

115/14/0570.921.46997.93

125/15/0583.853.07296.34

135/16/0532.980.000100

145/17/0527.470.000100

155/18/0550.300.000100

165/19/0550.300.000100

175/20/0548.600.000100

185/21/0548.600.000100

195/22/0551.031.35097.35

205/23/0551.030.000100

215/24/0569.582.19096.85

225/25/0511.990.000100

235/28/0554.900.76598.61

245/29/0554.900.000100

256/1/0521.560.000100

266/4/0541.740.000100

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PP RI No. 41/1999: Pengendalian Pencemaran udara 2. KepMen.LH No.13/1995: BME sumber tidak bergerak 3. KepMen.LH No. 15/1996 : BME sumber bergerak 4. KepMenLH No. 45/1997 : ISPU 5. KepMenLH No. 48/1996 : Kebisingan 6. KepMenLH No. 49/1996 : Getaran 7. KepMenLH No. 50/1996 : Kebauan 8. KepMenLH No. 205/1996 : Pedoman Teknis Pengendalian pencemaran udara sumber tidak bergerakPERUNDANGAN DAN PERATURAN

Pengaruh polutan udara Manusia Binatang / hewan Tanaman Barang-barang Terhadap manusia : akut : Konsentrasi tinggi dalam waktu pendekpernapasan, paru-paru, dan kematian kronis : Konsentrasi rendah dalam waktu yang lama (menahun) kanker pernapasan, penyakit paru-paru dan hati

Hewan / binatang :Pernapasan Penurunan produksi ternak Tanaman :perubahan warna daun Gugur daun Penurunan produksi Kematian Barang-barangPenurunan warnaKorosif / karatPenutupan debu/tanah pemucatan / penampakan

BAKU TINGKAT KEBAUAN (KEP-50/MENKLH/11/1996)

Prinsip pengendalian pencemaran udara Pada titik sumbernya (At the source). Dengan cara mencegah teremisi ke atmosfir, lahan dan tangani sebelum tersebar ke atmosfir.Metoda Penanganan pada industri yang ada : Penggantian/ perubahan bahan baku Lebih mengefisienkan operasi dan peralatanPerubahan operasiModifikasi atau penggantian peralatan proses Adopsi alternatif metoda

Kebisingan adalah suara yang tidak dinginkan Suara pada waktu dan tempat yang salahGangguan kebisingan : Percakapan Pendengaran Psikologis (marah, lelah, pusing, dsb)Alat pengukur kebisingan : Sound level meter getaran : Vibratometer KEBISINGAN DAN GETARAN

Sumber dan nilai kebisingan pada industri kulitSumber Kebisingan : Alat berat Genset Operasional peralatan (pompa, grinder, gergaji, dsb) Transportasi

Sheet1


1Bulu234 312

2Fleshing78 234

3Split222

4Shaving20

5Buffing5 10

6Lumpur250 333


1Gas buangKorosif


Mesin pengampelasan (buffing)

Sheet2


1Gas buangRuang beam house dan penyamakan5 ppm

18 ppm

10 ppm


Ruang pengampelasan (buffing)

Ruang proses penyamakan

3SuhuRuang proses penyamakan

4Kelambaran65.70 82.74 %

Sheet3







Mesin toggling





PENGENDALIAN DAN PENCEGAHAN KEBISNGAN1. Mengurangi getaran dari sumber timbulnya suara -membuat pondasi mesin dan peredam suara2. Menutup atau mengurangi sumber suara - penggunaan peredam suara pada telinga (earplug) dapat menurunkan 20 25 dBA3. Melemahkan intensitas suara - pemasangan dinding penyekat (semen/beton, seng) dengan ketebalan tertentu dapat menurunkan 20-35 dBA

Apa Pencemaran Itu?Pencemaran tanah adalah keadaan di mana bahan kimia (buatan manusia) masuk dan merubah lingkungan tanah alami

Soil contaminationPenyebabnya : kebocoran limbah cair, bahan kimia industri, fasilitas komersial; penggunaan pestisida; masuknya air permukaan tanah tercemar; kecelakaan kendaraaan; air limbah dari tempat penimbunan sampah serta limbah industri yang langsung dibuang ke tanah secara tidak memenuhi syarat (ilegal dumping).

Pencemaran tanah di areal pertambangan Freeport

Tanah di NAD pasca tsunamiPasca tsunami tingkat salinitas tanah di daerah yg terkena tsunami meningkat tinggi.

Akibat Pencemaran TanahPada kesehatan, pencemaran tanah dapat mengakibatkan berbagai gangguan kesehatan.Pada Ekosistimterganggunya rantai makanan Penurunan fungsi tanaman kaitannya dengan erosi tanah.

Upaya PenangananRemediasiRemediasi adalah kegiatan untuk membersihkan permukaan tanah yang tercemar. Remediasi tanah: in-situ ex-situ

Upaya Penanganan* Bioremediasi Bioremediasi adalah proses pembersihan pencemaran tanah dengan menggunakan mikroorganisme (jamur, bakteri).

Fitoremediasi Fitoremediasi teknologi pembersihan, penghilangan atau pengurangan polutan berbahaya, seperti logam berat, pestisida, dan senyawa organik beracun dalam tanah atau air dengan menggunakan bantuan tanaman (hiperakumulator plant).

Fitoremediasi Tanaman hiperakumulator :Mampu menyerap lebih dari 10.000 ppm Mn, Zn, Ni Lebih dari 1.000 ppm untuk Cu dan SeLebih dari 100 ppm untuk Cd, Cr, Pb, dan Co.

Contoh Tanaman Hiperakumulator

Jenis TanamanUnsur Yg DiserapThlaspi caerulescens Zink (Zn) dan Kadmium (Cd) Alyssum sp., Berkheya sp., Sebertia acuminata Nikel (Ni) Brassicacea sp. SulfatePteris vittata, Pityrogramma calomelanos Arsenik (As)Pteris vittata, Nicotiana tabacum, Liriodendron tulipifera.Mercuri (Hg)Thlaspi caerulescens, Alyssum murale, Oryza sativa Senyawa organik (petroleum hydrocarbons, PCBs, PAHs, TCE juga TNT)Brassica sp. Emas (Au)Brassica juncea. Selenium (Se)

Berkheya sp.

Nikel (Ni)

Zink (Zn) ,Kadmium (Cd)

Thlaspi caerulescens

Alyssum murale

petroleum hydrocarbon, PCBs, PAHs, TCE, TNT

Oryza sativa

Senyawa organik

Mercuri (Hg)

Nicotiana tabacum

Pteris vittata

Pityrogramma calomelanos

Alyssum sp

Brassicacea sp.Liriodendrotulipifera

Brassica juncea

Proses FitoremediasiPhytoacumulation : tumbuhan menarik zat kontaminan sehingga berakumulasi disekitar akar tumbuhanRhizofiltration : proses adsorpsi / pengendapan zat kontaminan oleh akar untuk menempel pada akar. Phytostabilization : penempelan zat-zat contaminan tertentu pada akar yang tidak mungkin terserap kedalam batang tumbuhan.

Proses FitoremediasiRhyzodegradetion : penguraian zat-zat kontaminan oleh aktivitas microbaPhytodegradation : penguraian zat kontaminPhytovolatization : transpirasi zat contaminan oleh tumbuhan dalam bentuk yang telah menjadi larutan terurai sebagai bahan yang tidak berbahaya

Keuntungan FitoremediasiBiaya operasi lebih murah Tanaman juga bisa dijadikan bahan bakar.Pencemaran pada tanah bisa berkurang secara alamiah

Keuntungan Fitoremediasi Tanah juga akan mengalami perbaikan akibat adanya aktivitas akar. Tanah menjadi lebih subur kembali.Tanaman yang mampu menyerap unsur bernilai ekonomi seperti emas (au) dan nikel (ni) bisa digunakan untuk pertambangan.

Faktor yang mendukung kesuksesan fitoremediasi

Adanya ketersediaan tanaman hiperakumulator yang cocok.

Adanya kerja sama yang baik antarbidang ilmu lain

Tanaman hiperakumulator yang telah ditemukan hingga saat ini mencakup sekitar 400 spesies bukan hanya yang mampu membersihkan metal (logam), nonlogam, metaloid, tetapi juga senyawa organik

Apakah di Indonesia ada tanaman hiperakumulator? Pihak Indonesia belum pernah mempublikasikan ada tidaknya tanaman hiperakumulator di journal internesional (nasional?)

Apakah tidak sulit menanam tanaman hiperakumulator pada tanah-tanah tercemar? Tanaman hiperakumulator masuk dalam kriteria tanaman yang syarat tumbuhnya tidak membutuhkan nutrisi tinggi dan tidak rewel.

Kesuksesan penanggulangan pencemaran (tanah, air, dan udara) hendaknya tidak dipandang dan dilaksanakan hanya melalui satu bidang ilmu kajian saja. Kerja sama yang baik dari beberapa bidang ilmu dan juga metode akan mengefektifkan pembersihan pencemaran, sehingga pembersihan bisa dilakukan dengan akurat dan tidak perlu diulang pada masa-masa mendatang (once execution method).

Created byAgus Sudibyo Jati 5945Daryoto 5983Arsi Runi P. 5853Ashareza N 5963Riesa K. 5929Ira Putri N. 5837Arief Wijayanto 6003Grievan Dwi Okta 5955Dias Nadi Utama 5961Oky Pramudya 5985

Pencemaran Lingkungan Dan Pengendaliannya

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