Pembangunan Gedung dan Infrastruktur Tahan Gempa di...

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25/10/2013 1 Peran Akademisi dan Praktisi dalam Pembangunan Gedung dan Infrastruktur Tahan Gempa di Indonesia, Lessons Learned dari Pembuatan Peta Gempa Indonesia 2010 Masyhur Irsyam* dkk. *Ketua - Tim Revisi Peta Gempa Indonesia *Ketua - Pusat Penelitian Mitigasi Bencana ITB *Ketua - Himpunan Ahli Teknik Tanah Indonesia *Koordinator - Tim Mikrozonasi Gempa kota-kota Besar Indonesia *Anggota - Tim Penasehat Konstruksi Bangunan DKI Jakarta Konferensi Nasional Teknik Sipil 7 , UNS Solo, 25 Oktober 2013 Cakupan: Alasan Mengapa Perlu Melakukan Revisi Peta Gempa Kondisi Tektonik dan Kegempaan Indonesia Peta Hazard dan Peta Resiko Gempa Pemakaian untuk Standard Perencanaan di Indonesia Peta tektonik kepulauan Indonesia dan sekitarnya (Bock et al., 2003) PENDAHULUAN Indonesia menempati zona tektonik yang sangat aktif karena tiga lempeng besar dunia dan beberapa lempeng kecil lainnya saling bertemu di Indonesia 6 cm/year 12 cm/year EURASIA PLATE INDO AUSTRALIA PLATE PASIFIC PLATE PHILIPINE PLATE Overview Seismicity of Indonesia Main shocks

Transcript of Pembangunan Gedung dan Infrastruktur Tahan Gempa di...

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Peran Akademisi dan Praktisi dalam Pembangunan Gedung dan Infrastruktur Tahan Gempa di Indonesia,

Lessons Learned dari Pembuatan Peta Gempa Indonesia 2010

Masyhur Irsyam* dkk. *Ketua - Tim Revisi Peta Gempa Indonesia *Ketua - Pusat Penelitian Mitigasi Bencana ITB *Ketua - Himpunan Ahli Teknik Tanah Indonesia *Koordinator - Tim Mikrozonasi Gempa kota-kota Besar Indonesia *Anggota - Tim Penasehat Konstruksi Bangunan DKI Jakarta

Konferensi Nasional Teknik Sipil 7 , UNS Solo, 25 Oktober 2013

Cakupan:

• Alasan Mengapa Perlu Melakukan Revisi Peta Gempa

• Kondisi Tektonik dan Kegempaan Indonesia

• Peta Hazard dan Peta Resiko Gempa

• Pemakaian untuk Standard Perencanaan di Indonesia

Peta tektonik kepulauan Indonesia dan sekitarnya (Bock et al., 2003)

PENDAHULUAN Indonesia menempati zona tektonik yang sangat aktif karena tiga lempeng

besar dunia dan beberapa lempeng kecil lainnya saling bertemu di Indonesia

6 cm/year

12 cm/year

EURASIA PLATE

INDO AUSTRALIA PLATE

PASIFIC PLATE

PHILIPINE PLATE

Overview Seismicity of Indonesia

Main shocks

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Arsitektur

Geologi

Seismologi

Sosiologi Psikologi

Ekonomi dll

Teknik Sipil

Urban Planning

Geofisika

Bidang Keilmuan yang terlibat Mitigasi Bencana Gempabumi:

Bidang kajian ilmu-ilmu dasar/sains

Bidang-bidang aplikasi, rekayasa, dan analisis resiko

Bidang-bidang sosial

“Earthquakes don’t kill people…. buildings kill people” (Prof. Chris Scholz Columbia University)

Strategi Mitigasi Gempa

Efek Gempa Strategi

Fault rupture Hindari

Tsunami Hindari

Kelongsoran (besar) Hindari

Likuifaksi Hindari/ Ditanggulangi

Goncangan/ Gerakan Tanah

Ditanggulangi

(FEMA 451b, 2007)

Fenomena Alam Gempa

Sangat potensial mengakibatkan kerugian besar

Kejadian alam yang belum dapat diperkirakan secara akurat: kapan, dimana, magnituda

Gempa tidak dapat dicegah

Infrastruktur perlu didisain tahan gempa

Manusia memiliki kebutuhan dasar untuk terlindungi dari implikasi buruk adanya gempa

Bangunan Tahan Gempa

Contoh kesiapan menghadapi gempa:

Chile Februari 2010

Haiti Januari 2010

Kekuatan Gempa 8.8 7

Energi yang dilepaskan 500 kali-nya

Jumlah Getaran 512 kali-nya

Korban Meninggal Ratusan jiwa Ratusan Ribu jiwa

Kehilangan Rumah Sedikit Banyak

Pemulihan Jaringan Komunikasi Cepat Lama

Chile relatif sangat siap dalam menghadapi gempa.

Undang-undang di Chile mengharuskan setiap bangunan untuk memiliki konstruksi tahan gempa.

Perbandingan Efek Gempa Chile dan Gempa Haiti

Pembangunan gedung dan infrastruktur tahan gempa: Peran penting Akademisi – Praktisi yang didukung oleh Pemerintah/Lembaga

Newton’s 2nd Law: H = m x a

Spectral Acceleration at Bedrock

H

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Earthquake Zone - 3

Earthquake Zone - 4

Earthquake Zone - 5

Earthquake Zone - 6 Earthquake Zone - 2

Earthquake Zone - 1

1

2

2

4 5 6

6

6

5

4

4

3

3

4 6

5

3

5 3

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The 1st Seismic Hazard Map in Indonesian Standard for Earthquake Resistance Building Design 1983

The 2nd Seismic Hazard Map Indonesian Standard for Earthquake Resistance Building Design (SNI-03-1726-2002)

Horizontal Peak Ground Acceleration at bedrock SB for 10% in 50 years (+500 years)

Rata-rata hasil perhitungan dari: -Praktisi (Konsultan) -Akademisi (ITB) -Kementerian (PU) -Lembaga (PSG)

Why does the current code require improvements ?

1. To considers recent great earthquakes in Indonesia

USGS

Aceh Earthquake Mw=9.2 (December, 2004)

Yogya Earthquake Mw=6.3 (May, 2006)

Tasik Earthquake Mw=7.4 (Sept, 2009)

Padang Earthquake Mw=7.6 (Sept, 2009)

Jambi Earthquake Mw=6.6 (Oct, 2009)

Nias Earthquake Mw=8.6 (March, 2005)

Mentawai Earthquake Mw=7.2 (Oct, 2010)

Earthquake events since the release of SNI-2002

Simeuleu Earthquake Mw=8.5 (11 April, 2012)

Simeuleu Earthquake Mw=8.1 (11 April, 2012)

Lam Paseh

Lhok Nga after Aceh Earthquake 2004

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Mall Pantee Pirak, Banda Aceh 2004

Rapat di PU Pusat tgl 30 November 2009

- Rapat dihadiri oleh 70 undangan mewakili: Akademisi, Asosiasi Profesi, Kementerian/

Lembaga

- Keputusan rapat: Menteri PU perlu membentuk Tim Revisi Peta Gempa SNI-2002

- Diharapkan Revisi Peta sudah dapat dihasilkan dalam 3 bulan (akhir Februari 2010)

Ketua: Prof. Masyhur Irsyam (Rekayasa Geoteknik Kegempaam – Akademisi ITB + HATTI)

Wakil: Dr. Wayan Sengara (Rekayasa Geoteknik Kegempaam – Akademisi ITB)

Sekertaris: Fahmi Almadiar, MT (Seismic Hazard – Praktisi PU)

Anggota: M Asrurifak, MT (Seismic Hazard – Mahasiswa S3 ITB)

Dr. Danny Hilman (Geologi - Praktisi LIPI)

Ir. Engkon Kertapati (Geologi – Praktisi Pusat Penelitian Geologi)

M. Ridwan, MT (Geologi – Praktisi PU)

Dr. Irwan Meilano (Geodesi, Crustal Deformation – Akademisi ITB)

Prof. Sri Widiantoro (Geofisika – Akademisi ITB)

Dr. Wahyu Trioso (Geofisika – Akademisi ITB)

Drs. Suhardjono (Geofisika – Praktisi BMKG)

Team for Revision of Seismic Hazard Map of Indonesia 2010

Peta Hazard: Prof. Phil Cummins - Akademisi Geo Science Australia Dr. Mark Petersen - Praktisi USGS

Dr. Indra Djati Sidi – Akademisi ITB Dr. Nicholas Luco – Praktisi USGS Prof. Widiadnyana Merati – Akademisi ITB Daniel Hutabarat, MT – Mahasiswa S2 ITB

Peta Resiko:

)

Didukung oleh:

Supported by:

Ministry of Public Works

Bureau of Meteorology, Climatology, Geophysics

ITB Ministry of Energy+ Mineral Resources

National Disaster Management Agency

Ministry of Research and Technology

Indonesia Research Institute

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Estimated maximum magnitude of seismic sources for development of

seismic hazard map 2002

Sumatra Subduction

8.5

Jawa Subduction

8.2

Semangko 7.6

Sukabumi

7.6

Baribis

7.0 Lasem

6.8

Bumiayu

6.1

Palawan Sulu

Tarakan

Kutai

Walanae

Palu-Koro

7.6

Banda

8.5

Seram

8.4

Halmahera

8.4

North Sulawesi

8.0

Sangihe

8.5

Tarera-Aiduna

6.5

Aru

6.0

Sorong 7.6

Ransiki

6.5

Mamberamo

7.6

Flores Back-arc

6.1

Reasons for Updating

Previous Estimation Mw=7.2 – 8.0

Actual Mw=9.0

3.0 g

To update earthquake records and earthquake source data including active faults that have not been considered in the 2002 map

SNI-03-1726-2002

Eartquake Data up to1999

1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2010

To account for New Data and Technology Development Other Reasons for Updating:

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1. Identification of Earthquake Sources Location : coord of sources Geometry : direction 0f strike, dip angle, maximum depth Mechanism : subduction, normal fault, reverse

1. Identifikasi sumber gempa Lokasi : koord. sumber gempa Geometri : arah strike, sudut dip, kedalaman maksimum Mekanisme : subduksi, patahan normal, reverse

2. Characterization of Sources Frequency distribution Slip rate Maximum Magnitude

Information on geologi, seimology Earthquake cataloque

2. Karakterisasi sumber gempa Frekuensi kejadian Slip rate Magnitude maksimum

Informasi Geologi, seimologi Katalog data gempa

3. Selection of Atenuation Function

Available strong motion accelerogram data

3. Pemilihan fungsi atenuasi

Data strong motion accelerogram yang ada

4. Seismic hazard Calculation Calculating seismic hazard based on input in the Step (1) + (2) + (3) by considering epistemic uncertainties

Expert judgement Seismic design criteria

4. Perhitungan hazard gempa

Menghitung hazard dengan input dari Tahap (1) + (2) + (3) dengan memperhitungkan ketidakpastian epistemic.

Expert judgement Seismic design criteria

Development of Maps of PGA & Response Spectra

Probability Density Function

1. Procedure for Developing Probabilistic Hazard Map

Seismic Hazard Analysis Probabilistic analysis Deterministic analysis

PENGEMBANGAN PROGRAM

Total Probability Theorem

Site location

Semarang

Sem

ara

ng F

ault S

outh

0.11 g

Selecting the worst scenario with maximum magnitude (Mmax) and closest distance (Rmin) for each source

Determining the ground motions based on Mmax and Rmin with 84 percentile

Identification of subduction and active faults surrounding the site location

M=7.3

M=7.3

2. Procedure for Developing Deterministic Seismic Hazard Map

Tectonic Setting and Earthquake Sources for Indonesia

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Tectonic Setting for Indonesia Source Type I: Subduction Megathrust

Megarthrust Andaman-Sumatera Mw=9.2 , a=4.70, b=0.83

Megarthrust Middle1 Sumatera Mw=8.6 , a=4.71, b=0.88

Megarthrust Jawa Mw=8.1 , a=6.14, b=1.10

Megarthrust Sumba Mw=7.8 , a=6.81, b=1.20

Megarthrust Timor Mw=7.9 , a=9.09 b=1.60

Megarthrust South Banda Sea Mw=7.4 , a=7.56 b=1.34

Megarthrust North Banda Sea Mw=7.9 , a=6.86 b=1.20

Megarthrust North Sulawesi Mw=8.2 , a=4.28 b=0.91

Megarthrust Philipine Mw=8.2 , a=4.64 b=0.87

North Papua Thrust Mw=8.2

East Molucca Sea Mw=8.1

West Molucca Sea Mw=7.9

Sulu Thrust Mw=8.5

Indian-Australian Plate

Eurasian Plate

Pasific Plate

Philipine Plate

Megarthrust Middle 2 Sumatera Mw=8.5 , a=5.35, b=0.97

Megarthrust S Sumatera Mw=8.2 , a=5.76, b=1.05

Seismic tomography to obtain the geometry for subduction zones

Seismic tomography to obtain the geometry for subduction zones (Widiyantoro, 2009 and Tim Revisi Peta Gempa Indonesia, 2010)

Sumatran fault Zone

INDIAN-AUSTRALIANPLATE

EURASIAN PLATE

Jakarta

1881 (7.9)

1941 (7.9)

1797 (M8.4)

1861 (M~8.5) 1907 (~M7.8)

1935 (M7.7)

2000 (M7.8)

2002

1833 (8.9)

2004 (M9.15)

2005 (M 8.7)

Currently locked, end of typical cycle

Unknown section, no large eartquakes in historical records

2007 (M 8.4)

Natawidjaja, 2010

Compilation of historical earthquake events due to megathrust

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Beginning of the new earthquake cycle

Perlu merekonstruksi kejadian-kejadian masa lalu Dikerjakan oleh Dr. Danny Hilman (Praktisdi LIPI)

Inter-seismic period (slow strain accumulation)

Slow uplift

Slow Submergence

(Natawidjaja, 2005)

During recent giant earthquakes

the islands RISE suddenly!

The Sumatran Coasts SINK!

(Natawidjaja, 2005)

Rising island creating new land in Simelue during Aceh-Andaman earthquake

Old beach New coast line

(Natawidjaja, 2005)

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Banda Aceh and East part of the islands SINKS

(Natawidjaja, 2005)

Haloban in Banyak Island Sinked about 30 cm

(Natawidjaja, 2005)

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Desa HALOBAN, P. Tuanku, Kep. Banyak

(Natawidjaja, 2005) (Natawijaya, 2004)

Corals tell about how the islands move up and down

Penelitian Coral untuk studi Kejadian Gempa dan Deformasi (Natawijaya, 2005)

(Natawijaya, 2004)

1833 1816

1808 1797

(Natawijaya, 2004)

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July 2006 (Mw 7.8) 1994 (Mw 7.8)

Java Megathrust Earthquakes

Natawijaya, 2010 Kegempaanhasilrelokasi (Engdahl, 2009)

Kegempaanhasilrelokasi <50km (Engdahl, 2009)

Irwan Meilano, 2011

5. Toru

6. Angkola

8. Sumpur

1.Seulimeum

13. Dikit 14. Ketaun

11. Suliti

15. Musi

16. Manna 17. Kumering

18.Semangko

19.Sunda

9. Sianok

7. Barumun

4. Renun

2. Aceh 3. Tripa

10. Sumani

12. Siulak

50. Palu-Koro

53. Poso

58. Lawanopo

57. Gorontalo

52. Walanae

55. Tolo thrust

51. Matano

54. Batui thrust

73. Sorong-Maluku

72. Sula-Sorong

71. Tarera-Aidun

70. Yapen

75. Ransiki

74. Sorong

79 Highland thrust belt

77. Manokwari trench

76. Membrano thrust tbelt

78. Lowland

34. Wetar back arc

36. Flores back arc

33. Semarang

34. Jogja

30. Bumiayu

32. Cimandiri

31. Baribis

Tectonic Setting for Indonesia

Source Type II: Active faults have been well identified

1822

1926 (~7)

1984 (6.4)

1987 (6.6)

1921 1916 1984

1987

1892

1822

1943

1909 1995

1952

1926

1942

1893

1900

1933 1994 1908

1990

1997

1936

1964 1967

1893

1892 (7.7)

1900

1908

1916

1933 (7.5)

1942 (7.3)

1936 (7.2)

1952 (6.8)

1979 (6.6)

1943 (7.3)

1990 (6.5)

1997 (6.5)

1964 (6.5)

1921 ( >7)

1994 (6.9)

1995 (7.0)

1909 (7.6)

1967 (6.8)

Historical Earthquakes along The Sumatran Fault Zone (Natawijaya, 2010)

2000

Seismic Gap?

23 destructive events in the past 200 years or 1-2 large earthquakes occur every decade

6 March 2007 (M6.3 & 6.1)

1 Oct 2009 (M 6.7)

Compilation of Historical Earthquake Events due to Faults

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Tracing Coordinates of Faults, Subduction, and Relocated Epicenters on SRTM

Collect GPS data Velocity Movement Based Slip Rate

Velocity Movement and Slip-rateBased on GPS

Spatially smoothed-gridded seismicity

Seismic Sources:

Source Type III: Shallow and Deep Background

It is very suitable for unmapped faults, but have historical earthquake records It is used o account for epicenters that do not belong to well identified active faults

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All shocks Main Shocks 1897-2009

Megatrust Fault

Shallow backgound

Benioff 2

Benioff 1

Benioff 3

Benioff 4

Benioff Zone/ Deep BG

Classification of Main Shocks Based on Type of Source

(conducted by S3 Student)

Subduksi Megathrust

Subduksi Benioff

Fault

Background

Subduction Megathrust

Subduction Benioff

Fault/ Shallow Crustal Background

Selection of Attenuation Functions

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Content:

• Reasons for Revision of Seismic Hazard Map

• Tectonic Setting and Seismic Sources

• New Seismic Hazard and Risk Maps

• Applications for the Indonesian codes

SNI 2002

SNI 1983

SEAOC Vision 2000 Committee dan FEMA 273

ccccccc

Design Live

Probability of Exceedance

Earthquake Level

50 tahun

20%

10%

Immediate Occupancy

Live Safety (Rare Earthquake)

225 years

500 years

Deterministic maps 84%: •Subductions

•Faults

• 50 • 100 • 200 • 500

• 1,000 • 2,500 •5,000

• 10,000

Probabilistic maps:

years

Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Bedrock SB

(for 50 years Earthquake)

Didukung oleh:

Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Bedrock SB

(for 100 years Earthquake)

Didukung oleh:

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Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Bedrock SB

(for 200 years Earthquake)

Didukung oleh:

Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Bedrock SB

Probability of exceedence 10% in 50 years (500 years EQ)

Didukung oleh:

Didukung oleh:

Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Bedrock SB

Probability of exceedence 10% in 100 years (1,000 years EQ)

Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Bedrock SB

Probability of exceedence 2% in 50 years (2500 years EQ)

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Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Bedrock SB

Probability of exceedence 0.5% in 50 years (10,000 years EQ)

Deterministic Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) for Faults at Bedrock SB

with 84% percentile (150% Median)

Deterministic Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) for Subduction at Bedrock SB

with 84% percentile (150% Median)

PGA

0.2 sec

1.0 sec

Spectral Acceleration at Ss and S1 for 50, 200, 500, 1000, 2500, 10000 years

and Deterministic approach

S0.2 S1

PGA

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Content:

• Reasons for Revision of Seismic Hazard Map

• Tectonic Setting and Seismic Sources

• New Seismic Hazard and Risk Maps

• Applications for the Indonesian codes

Struktur Bangunan Bawah: Dr. F.X. Toha (Ketua ITB) Dr. Wijoyo Prakoso (UI) Prof. Paulus Rahardjo (Unpar) Dr. Wayan Sengara (ITB) Sindhu Rudianto, MSc (HAKI) Dr. Sylvia Herina (Puskim) Dr. Bigman Hutapea (HATTI) Prof. Masyhur Irsyam (ITB)

Tim Revisi SNI 1726 2012

Struktur Bangunan Atas:

Prof.Bambang Budiono (Ketua - ITB) Prof. Iswandi Imran (ITB) Dr. Muslinang M. (ITB) Dr. Dyah Kusumastuti (ITB) Ir. Teddy Boen (HAKI) MaryokoHadi, DipI.E.Eng (Puskim) Dr. Dradjad H. (HAKI) Ir. Stefy Tumilar (HAKI)

Ketua: Prof. Gde Widiadnyana Merati (Akademisi ITB)

Buildings

SNI-03-1726-2002

Eartquake Data up to1999

1997 2000 2003 2006 2009

Process of Development of Hazard Map

2010

(National Concencus March 2010): IBC 2009 is adopted for SNI-2010

July 2010: ProbabilisticHazard Maps signed by Ministry of PW

Continuous Updating: to account for New Data and Technology

SNI-03-1726-2002

Eartquake Data up to1999

1997 2000 2003 2006 2009

Seismic Hazard: - Probablistic: 10% PE in 50 yrs (500 yrs eq.)

Process of Development of Hazard Map

follows the concept of UBC

2010

(March 2010): adopted for SNI-2010

Pleno meeting November 2010: adopted for SNI-2010

IBC 2009 ASCE 2010

Pleno meeting January 2011: Risk-Targeted Ground Motion

map

Continuous Updating: to account for New Data and Technology

MCER(Risk-Adjusted Maximum Considered Eq.) Risk of Collapse 1% in 50 yrs: Seismic Hazard:

- Probabilistic

- Deterministic Approach Fragility of Buildings

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Application of Hazard Maps: depends on the type of infrastructure

Adapt ASCE 2010; combines

•Probabilistic + •Deterministic +

•Building Fragility

Buildings

National Consensus:

Coordinated by: Research Institute for Human Settlements Ministry of Public Works

SNI 2002

SNI 1983

SEAOC Vision 2000 Committee dan FEMA 273

ccccccc

Design Live

Probability of Exceedance

Earthquake Level

50 tahun

20%

10%

2%

Immediate Occupancy

Live Safety (Rare Earthquake)

Near Collapse (Very Rare Earthquake)

225 years

500 years

MCE*: - Prb 2,500 years + - Deterministic

Risk of Colapse: 1%

Near Collapse (Very Rare Earthquake)

MCEG + MCER**: - Probabilistic + - Deterministic + - Fragility

IBC 2009

SNI 2013 ASCE 2010

Deterministic maps

MCEG map

• 50 • 100 • 200 • 500

• 1,000 • 2,500

• 10,000

years Probabilistic maps:

years Building Fragility

MCER

maps

*MCE: Maximum Considered Eq. (Gempa Maksimum Dipertimbangkan Rata-rata Geometric) **MCER: Risk-Adjusted Maximum Considered Eq. (Gempa Maksimum Dipertimbangkan Resiko-Tersesuaikan)

Jepit

Liquefaction potential

sactive/passive

PGA

Ss

S1

MCER

MCEG

Upper Structure

Sub Structure

Seismic Base Shear

Maximum Considered Earthquake Geometric mean

Risk-Adjusted Maximum Considered Earthquake

Maximum Considered Earthquake Geometric mean (MCEG) PGA

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Pf = ʃ 0

H(a) dPf(a)

da da

Risk/probability of collapse

Hazard

Fragility Curve (Conditional probability of failure)

Capacity

RTGM

Risk-Targeted Ground Motion

Luco, 2009

MCER: Risk-Adjusted Maximum Considered Earthquake ASCE-2010: Risk of Collapse is 1% in 50 yrs

=1/5000

Ss Risk-Adjusted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER) Ground Motion Parameter for Indonesia for 0.2 s Spectral Response Acceleration (5% of Critical

Damping), Site Class B

(Prepared by Team on Indonesian Risk-Targeted Ground Motions)

(Prepared by Team on Indonesian Risk-Targeted Ground Motions)

Ss Risk-Adjusted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER) Ground Motion Parameter for Indonesia for 1.0 s Spectral Response Acceleration (5% of Critical

Damping), Site Class B

Ground Surface

Bedrock SB

SS

(Gambar 9) S1

(Gambar 10)

Soil Type

Fa (Tabel 4)

Fv (Tabel 5)

SMS = Fa SS SM1 = Fv S1

0.2 T

Sp

ect

ral A

cce

lera

tio

n

1.0

SS

S1

0.2 T

Sp

ect

ral A

cce

lera

tio

n

SMS = Fa SS

SDS = (2/3) SMS

SD1 = (2/3) SM1

T0= 0.2 Ts

0.4 SDS

SM1 = Fv S1

1.0

Spectra at BedrockSB

Spectra at ground surface

Site Effect and Amplifcation Factor

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Sp

ek

tral

acc

ele

rati

on

(g

)

Perioda (sec)

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 0.0

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

Medium

Soft

Soft SNI-2002

Soft SNI-2013

Medium SNI-2013

Medium SNI-2002

Comparison SNI 2002 with SNI 2013 for Jakarta

1993 2004 2008 2013 2014

Puslitbang Jalan + Jembatan PU +Akademisi

+Praktisi

• Revisiin of SNI 2833-2008 is on going by the Bureau of Bridge

• Internal consensus for RO has been agreed by the Research Center for Highway and Bridge

• Consept of RO refer to AASHTO, 2010.

Guideline

Seismic Load Design for Bridge

Design Standard for Seismic Resistance Bridge

Standar Nasional Indonesia

500 years earthquake

Earthquake Level= 1,000 years earthqauke

Design live= 70 years

Probability of Exceedance=7% Highway Bridges

Hydraulic Structures

Refer to USBR: Probabilitic: 50, 100, 200, 500 1000, 2.500, 5.000, 10.000 yrs

+ Deterministic 84%

For checking the safety of existing large dams: 5,000 and 10,000 years earthquake

Hydraulic Structures

Puslitbang Air PU +Akademisi

+Praktisi

Design Earthquake: 500 yrs ?

Railway bridges

Ports and harbours

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National Electric Company

Concrete Dam for Electricity?

Recommendation from PRP (Project Review panel):

-The Operating Basis Earthquake (OBE): 145 yr

-The Maximum Credible Earthquake (MCE): Probabilistic return period of 2475-yr + Deterministic 84th percentile level

Concrete Dam in West Java, 2013 Aceh

Padang

Manado

Jakarta Kendari

Ambon

Denpasar

Bengkulu

Jogjakarta

Kupang

Lampung Jayapura

Mikrozonasi untuk kota-kota di indonesia (kota besar dan dekat sumber gempa)

PENELITIAN-PENELITIAN KEDEPAN

Surabaya Bandung

Semarang Makassar

Example of Microzonation Study for Istanbul City (Ansal, 2010)

Development of Micozonation Maps for: •DKI Jakarta (2011 - 2014)

•Denpasar, Manado, Jayapura, Padang (2012 - 2014)

National Disaster Management Agency

Coordination Ministry of Public Walfare

Ministry of Public Works

Berau of Meteorology, Climatology,

Geophysics Government

of Jakarta ITB

Ministry of Energy+ Mineral Resiurces

Ministry of Research and Technology

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Master Plan Penelitian Pengurangan Resiko Bencana

Perlunya: - Mata kuliah wajib Rekayasa Gempa di Prodi Teknik Sipil - Perlu mengantisipasi pasar bebas 2015 dng bebas masuknya konsultan asing

Non Engineering Building

Conclusions

The role of academicians and practicions are very important in mitigating seismic hazard Revision of seismic hazard maps for Indonesia has been developed based upon updated available seismotectonic data, new fault models, and recent ground-motion prediction equations. Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis and Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis has been conducted. For buildings: Mpas of Maximum Considered Earthquakes (MCEG and MCER) have been developed based on Probabilistic +Determintic + Fragility. For highway bridge, dam, port, etc: Revisions for seismic resistance design (including the maps) are still on going.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge:

- The Ministry of Public Works

-The Ministry of Research and Technology

-National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) through AIFDR (Australia-Indonesia Facility for Disaster Reduction )

-USGS

for their supports and assistances during this asigment