PE M ANFAATAN CR U DE E XTRAC T EN ZIM EK S...

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NATAAFNAMEP TCARTXE EDURC RELULESARTSKE MIZNE muillicineP LISAH TINGIL ARABUTAB ISASILIBULOSOIB MALAD .ps

NAMASAGNEP NAD AMMAG ISAIDARI

AFLU AIRAM HAID

AIMIK IDUTS MARGORP IGOLONKET NAD SNIAS SATLUKAF

TAYADIH FIRAYS IREGEN MALSI SATISREVINU HALLU ATRAKAJ

H 2341 /M 1102

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ispirkS

sniaS anajraS raleG helorepmeM kutnU tarayS utaS halaS iagabeS

utS margorP aimiK id igolonkeT nad sniaS satlukaF

atrakaJ hallutayadiH firayS iregeN malsI satisrevinU

: helO

AFLU AIRAM HAID

432300690601

AIMIK IDUTS MARGORP IGOLONKET NAD SNIAS SATLUKAF

HALLUTAYADIH FIRAYS IREGEN MALSI SATISREVINU ATRAKAJ

H 2341 /M 1102

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ispirkS

sniaS anajraS raleG helorepmeM kutnU tarayS utaS halaS iagabeS aimiK idutS margorP

onkeT nad sniaS satlukaF igol atrakaJ hallutayadiH firayS iregeN malsI satisrevinU

: helO

AFLU AIRAM HAID

432300690601

iujuteyneM ,

I gnibmibmeP II gnibmibmeP

iS.M ,oroguS nawarI iS.M ,otnamreH ardnaS 1001 2 10002 81016791 .PIN 02 01805791 .PIN 500 1 1050

,iuhategneM

aimiK idutS margorP auteK

iS.M ,radnakuS edeD .srD 400 1 301991 40105691 .PIN

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NAIJU NAHASEGNEP

“ ludujreb ispirkS relulesartskE miznE tcartxE edurC nataafnameP muillicineP .psisaidarI lisaH tingiL arabutaB isasilibulosoiB malad ”namasagneP nad ammaG

nakataynid nad ijuid halet 432300690601 MIN aflU airaM haiD helo silutid gnay satisrevinU igolonkeT nad sniaS satlukaF haysoqanum gnadis malad SULUL

.1102 ieM 13 laggnat adap atrakaJ hallutayadiH firayS iregeN malsI ini ispirkShalet atartS anajraS raleg helorepmem kutnu tarays utas halas iagabes amiretid

.aimiK idutS margorP )1S( utaS

,iujuteyneM

1 ijugneP 2 ijugneP

iS.M ,nilramuS edO aL miK.PM ,horhaZ zutayliH 396 804 051 .PIN

I gnibmibmeP 2 gnibmibmeP

iS.M ,oroguS nawarI iS.M ,otnamreH ardnaS

100 1 210002 81016791 .PIN 500 1 105002 01805791 .PIN

,iuhategneM

nakeD

igolonkeT nad sniaS satlukaF idutS margorP auteKaimiK

.siS .M ,artuP ayaJ haysnaipoyS .RD iS.M ,radnakuS edeD .srD 1001 211002 71108691 .PIN .PIN 400 1 301991 40105691

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NAATAYNREP

RANEB INI ISPIRKS AWHAB NAKATAYNEM AYAS INI NAGNED -S AYRAK LISAH RANEB NAKUJAID HANREP MULEB GNAY IRIDNE

IGGNIT NAURUGREP ADAP HAIMLI AYRAK UATA ISPIRKS IAGABES.NUPANAM AGABMEL UATA

1102 inuJ ,atrakaJ

AFLU AIRAM HAID

432300690601

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RATNAGNEP ATAK

iapmas silunep malad gnay rukuys ijuP ,harumeP ahaM gnaY hallA naridahek nak

naharumek takreb anerak - nagned iauses nakiaseles silunep tapad ini ispirks ayN

” gnatnet luduj libmagnem silunep ini ispirks malad ,nakparahid gnay

nataafnameP tcartxE edurC relulesartskE miznE muillicineP malad .ps

B namasagneP nad ammaG isaidarI lisaH tingiL arabutaB isasilibulosoi ”

margorP adap sniaS anajraS raleg helorepmem kutnu tarays utas halas iagabes

.atrakaJ hallutayadiH firayS iregeN malsI satisrevinU aimiK idutS

apek nakharucret asaitnanes malas nad tawalahS ibaN nagnujnuj ad

tukignep nad ,agraulek ,tabahas arap atreseb WAS dammahuM - uaileb tukignep

.rihka irah aggnih

gnay hisak amiret nakpacugnem apul kadit silunep ini natapmesek adaP

rasebes - naras nad nagnibmib sata aynraseb - : adapek kujnutnep atres naras

.1 RD nad sniaS satlukaF nakeD ukales ,siS.M ,artuP ayaJ haysnaipoyS .

.atrakaJ hallutayadiH firayS iregeN malsI satisrevinU igolonkeT

.2 satlukaF aimiK idutS margorP auteK ukales iS.M radnakuS edeD .srD

.igolonkeT nad snias

.3 tnamreH ardnaS nad iS.M ,oroguS nawarI I gnibmibmeP ukales iS.M ,o

atres kujnutep nakirebmem rabas nagned gnay ,II gnibmibmeP nad

nad naitilenep nakiaseleynem tapad silunep aggnihes ,nagnibmib

.ini ispirks nanusuynep

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.4 I ijugneP ukales ,miK.PM ,horhaZ zutayliH nad iS.M ,nilramuS edO aL

jugneP nad nakirebmem halet gnay haysoqanuM gnadis adap II i

.ini ispirks nanusuynep malad naharagnep

.5 ,a’od ,gnayas hisak nakirebmem halet gnay mamU gnaK nad imiM ,amaM

.silunep naped asam nad napudihek imed arikret kat gnay nanabrognep nad

.6 rA gnaM nad ardnI ,kilO aK alages malad silunep utnabmem halet gnay pi

.ini ispirks nakiaseleynem tapad silunep aggnihes lah

.7 ahtiM nad afiyS ,misoQ ,imA ,iniD aynsusuhk 6002 natakgnA

.8 kahiP - silunep ipatet ,utasrep utas naktubes ayas asib kadit gnay nial kahip

nab igal ilakes nakpacu aynaumes nautnab nagned anerak hisak amiret kay

naktapadnem nad hadum hibel nagned nakiaselesret tapad halasam alages

.kiab gnay lisah

silunep igab taafnamreb tapad ini ispirks agomes silunep naparaH

li ipakgnelem malad aynmumu acabmep arap atres aynsusuhk nauhategnep um

nagned nagnubuhreb gnay ” nataafnameP tcartxE edurC relulesartskE miznE

muillicineP ammaG isaidarI lisaH tingiL arabutaB isasilibulosoiB malad .ps

namasagneP nad ” kutnu a’od naktajnapid TWS hallA adapek aynah atak rihkA

b idub alages salabmem .tiakret gnay kahip aumes kutnu kia

1102 inuJ ,atrakaJ

siluneP

iiv

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ISI RATFAD

namalaH

RATNAGNEP ATAK ................................ ................................ .............. iv

ISI RATFAD ................................ ................................ .......................... iiiv

RABMAG RATFAD ................................ ................................ ................ ix

LEBAT RATFAD ................................ ................................ .................. iiix

NARIPMAL RATFAD ................................ ................................ .......... vix

KARTSBA ................................ ................................ ............................... vx

TCARTSBA ................................ ................................ ........................... ivx

NAULUHADNEP .I BAB ................................ ................................ ......... 1

gnakaleB rataL .1.1 ................................ ................................ ..................... 1

.2.1 halasaM nasumureP ................................ ................................ ............. 4

sisetopiH .3.1 ................................ ................................ .............................. 4

naitileneP naujuT .5.1 ................................ ................................ ................ 5

naitileneP taafnaM .6.1 ................................ ................................ .............. 5

.................................................................................rikipreB akgnareK .7.1 .. 6

.II BAB AKATSUP NAUAJNIT ................................ .............................. 7

....................arabutaB .1.2 ............................................................................ . 7

.1.1.2 arabutaB nakutnebmeP ................................ ............................... 7

....................................................................arabutaB isakifisalK .2.1.2 .. 9

utaB isasilibulosoiB .3.1.2 arab ................................ ........................... 21

.2.2 ningiL isadargedneP miznE ................................ ................................ 51

rotkaF .3.2 - isasilibulosiB ihuragnepmeM gnay rotkaF .............................. 91

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isaidarI .1.3.2 ................................ ................................ ..................... 02

namasagneP .2.3.2 ................................ ................................ .............. 22

.4.2 arabutaB isasilibulosoiB kudorP isasiretkaraK ................................ ... 32

.1.4.2 SDS siserofortkelE - EGAP ................................ ........................ 32

.2.4.2 VU retemotofortkepS - siv ................................ .......................... 52

.3.4.2 retemotofortkepS deR arfnI mrofsnarT reiruoF )RITF( ............ 92

.4.4.2 yhpargotamorhC saG - yrtemortcepS ssaM CG( - )SM ................. 53

NAITILENEP IGOLODOTEM .III BAB ................................ ............. 93

naitileneP tapmeT nad utkaW .1.3 ................................ ............................. 93

nahaB nad talA .2.3 ................................ ................................ ................... 93

.3.3 naitileneP igolodoteM ................................ ................................ ........ 04

talA isasiliretS nad napaisreP .1.3.3 ................................ .................... 04

.2.3.3 arabutaB kubreS napaisreP ................................ ....................... 04

ammaG raniS nagned tingiL isaidarI .3.3.3 ................................ ......... 04

.4.3.3 ONH( tartiN masA nagned arabutaB namasagneP 3) .................. 04

.5.3.3 nataubmeP ( BDS muideM htorB esortxeD duaruobaS ) ............ 14

iskudorP .6.3.3 tcartxE edurC eP relulesartskE miznE muillicin .ps .... 14

satitnauK sisilanA .7.3.3 tcartxE edurC relulesartskE miznE muillicineP yrwoL edoteM nagned .ps ................................ ...... 42

.8.3.3 itsiretkaraK siserofortkelE nagned relulesartskE miznE k .......... 24

nagned arabutaB isasilibulosoiB .9.3.3 tcartxE edurC miznE relulesartskE muillicineP ps ................................ ..................... 44

isasilibulosoiB kudorP sisilanA .01.3.3 ................................ .............. 44

Hp narukugneP .a ................................ ................................ ..... 44

VU sisilanA .b - siv ................................ ................................ .... 44

CG sisilanA .c - SM ................................ ................................ ... 44

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RITF sisilanA .d ................................ ................................ ....... 64

ajreK amekS .11.3.3 ................................ ................................ ........... 64

NASAHABMEP NAD LISAH .VI BAB ................................ ................. 74

.1.4 relulesartskE miznE isasiretkaraK muillicineP nagned .ps

SDS siserofortkelE -P EGA ................................ ................................ .. 74

.2.4 arabutaB isasilibulosoiB muideM Hp ialiN ................................ ........ 84

VU retemotofortkepS nagned isasilibulosoiB lisaH sisilanA .3.4 - siv ......... 05

RITF nagneD isasilibulosoiB kudorP sisilanA lisaH .4.4 ........................... 55

CG nagned isasilibulosoiB kudorP sisilanA lisaH .5.4 - SM ........................ 58

PMISEK .V BAB NARAS NAD NALU ................................ .................. 46

nalupmiseK .1.5 ................................ ................................ ....................... 46

naraS .2.5 ................................ ................................ ................................ . 46

AKATSUP RATFAD ................................ ................................ .............. 65

NARIPMAL ................................ ................................ ............................ 07

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RABMAG RATFAD

namalaH

Gamb .1 ra P sor e s Pe kutnebm a B n a abut ra ................................ ..................... 8

.2 rabmaG aynaimiK rutkurtS nad tisartnA arabutaB ................................ ..... 9

.3 rabmaG arabutaB aynaimiK rutkurtS nad sunimutiB ................................ . 01

.4 rabmaG aimiK rutkurtS sunimutibbuS arabutaB ................................ ........ 11

5 rabmaG . tingil arabutaB aimiK rutkurtS ................................ ..................... 12

C natakI nagnotomeP .6 rabmaG α-Cβ ningiL lukeloM ................................ .. 71

kitamorA rutkurtS irad adiskoiD nobraK nakutnebmeP amekS .7 rabmaG PnM helo ningiL ................................ ................................ ......... 18

esadisko lonef mizne helo isadisko iskaeR .8 rabmaG ................................ ... 91

D 1 siserofortkelE talA takgnarepeS .9 rabmaG ................................ ............ 42

.01 rabmaG p isarutaneD SDS helo nietor ................................ ...................... 52

nagnaggneR isarbiV .11 rabmaG ................................ ................................ ... 13

rabmaG 21 nakokgneB isarbiV . ................................ ................................ .... 23

.31 rabmaG harem arfnI retemotofortkepS margaiD ................................ ...... 43

CG rilA margaiD .41 rabmaG - SM ................................ ................................ 83

margerofortkelE .51 rabmaG tcartxE edurC relulesartskE miznE muillicineP ts nagneD .ps .nietorp rekram radna ........................ 74

isabuknI utkaW nagned namasaeK tajareD aratnA nagnubuH .61 rabmaG .... 94

Hp nakianeK nad nanuruneP iskaeR ledoM sisetopiH .71 rabmaG

tingil isasilibulosoiB sesorP adap ................................ ............... 05

.81 rabmaG λ isnabrosbA aratnA nagnubuH mn052 isabuknI utkaW nagned ..... 25

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.91 rabmaG esadiskoreP ningiL miznE helo ningiL isadargeD iskaeR ........... 25

PnM nad esakaL miznE helo loneF awayneS isadiskO iskaeR .02 rabmaG .. 35

.12 rabmaG λ isnabrosbA aratna nagnubuH mn054 utkaW nagned isabuknI ..... 45

anesatfaN isadargeD iskaeR .22 rabmaG ................................ ....................... 45

tingiL .)B( lortnok tingiL .)A( .hareM arfnI murtkepS .32 rabmaG isaidaR lisaH tingiL .)C( namasagneP lisaH ............................... 75

.42 rabmaG arateS gnay nobrakordiH awayneS aerA esatnesreP arabutaB isasilibulosoiB lisaH raloS nad nisneB nenopmoK

tingiL ................................ ................................ ......................... 26

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LEBAT RATFAD

namalaH

.1 lebaT ningil isadargednep relulesartske miznE ................................ ...... 61

suguG isneukerF .2 lebaT - isgnuF suguG ................................ ................... 33

isilanA isidnoK .3 lebaT CG s - SM ................................ ............................. 54

awayneS .4 lebaT - daP tingiL isasilibulosoiB kudorP awayneS ialiN a mumiskaM isnabrosbA ................................ ................................ 95

iiix

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NARIPMAL RATFAD

namalaH

naijugneP retemaraP .1 naripmaL ................................ ............................. 70

2 naripmaL . siserofortkelE naturaL isisopmoK ................................ ......... 72

naripmaL 3 avruK . rekraM radnatS ................................ ........................... 74

naripmaL 4 nisneB nad raloS nenopmoK arateS gnay awayneS .

tingiL arabutaB isasilibulosoiB lisaH ................................ ..... 75

naripmaL 5 . gnay awayneS nenopmoK isasilibulosreT assaM nesreP raloS nad nisneB nagned arateS ................................ ............. 67

.6 naripmaL H margotamorK CG lisa - lisaH ,lortnoK tingiL SM namasagneP nad isaidarI ................................ ........................ 97

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KARTSBA

nataafnameP tcartxE edurC relulesartskE miznE muillicineP malad .psnamasagneP nad isaidarI lisaH tingiL arabutaB isasilibulosoiB .

sasilibulosoiB natadap habugnem kutnu isnetop ikilimem gnay igolonket halada i halada ini naitilenep irad naujuT .aimik uata riac rakab nahab idajnem arabutab tartin masa nagned namasagnep nad ammag isaidari satifitkefe iuhategnem kutnu

ab isasilibulosoib kudorp padahret helo tingil arabut tcartxe edurc mizne gnapak relulesartske muillicineP tingil halada nakanugid gnay arabutaB .ps

sisod .namasagnep lisah tingil nad ammag isaidari lisah tingil ,)lortnok( hatnemid namasagnep nad yGk 01 halada nakanugid gnay ammag isaidarI nakukal

ONH( tartin masa nahabmanep nagned 3 ,muidem Hp rukuid gnay retemaraP .) gnapak relulesartske nietorp radak narukugnep muillicineP edotem nagned .ps

SDS nagned relulesartske mizne kitsiretkarak ,yrwoL - isnabrosba ialin ,EGAPngil isasilibulosoib lisah ( ti mn 052 dna mn 054 isgnuf sugug liforp sisilana ,)

kudorp awaynes sisilana nad RITF nagned tingil isasilibulosoib lisah awaynesCG nagned tingil isasilibulosoib lisah - awhab nakkujnunem naitilenep lisaH .SM

gnep nad )yGk 01( arabutab adap ammag isaidari Hp ihuragnepmem namasa mizne nagnudnaK .tingil arabutab isgnuf sugug liforp nad isasilibulosoib ,muidem

gnapak adap muillicineP rasikreb MB nagned esadiskorep ningil isketedret .ps83 aratna - 83 aratna rasikreb MB nagned esadiskorep nagnam ,aDK 74 - adK 05

ad 35 aratna rasikreb MB nagned esakal n - lisah ,lortnok tingiL .aDK 011O isgnuf sugug nahaburep imalagnem ammag isaidari nad namasagnep - nad H

isasilibulos kudorP .isasilibulosoib haduses nad mulebes nakifingis araces C=Ctes gnay awaynes naamasek nakkujnunem .nisneb nad ralos ara sisilana lisaH

kutnu ralos nagned arates gnay nobrak isisopmok nagned awaynes kutnu SMCG utiay namasagnep lisah tingil nad ammag isaidari lisah tingil ,lortnok tingil

gnisam - gnisam 53,8 ,% 24,5 nad % 00,4 % arates gnay awaynes nakgnades nagned lisah tingil nad ammag isaidari lisah tingil ,lortnok tingil kutnu nisneb

gnisam namasagnep - 92,2 utiay gnisam % .%42,3 nad %99,1 ,

:icnuk ataK ,isasilibulosoib ,tingiL ,relulesartske mizne ,ammag isaidarinamasagnep , muillicineP .ps

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CARTSBA T

ralullecartxE emyznE tcartxE edurC fo noitazilitU muillicineP ni .ps.noitacifidicA dna noitaidarI yb etingiL fo noitazilibulosoiB

diuqil otni laoc dilos trevnoc ot ycnetop sah taht ygolonhcet a si noitazilibulosoiB fo esoprup ehT .leuf lacimehc ro fo ytivitceffe eht wonk ot saw hcraeser siht

fo noitazilibulosoib tcudorp ni dica cirtin htiw noitacifidica dna noitaidari ammag yb etingil tcartxe edurc ralullecartxe emyzne muillicineP desu eb taht laoC .ps

i ammag yb etingil ,)lortnoc( etingil war saw yGk 01 desu ni sesod htiw noitaidarONH( dica cirtin htiw noitacifidica yb etingil dna 3 derusaem hcihw retemaraP .)

fo noitaziretcarahc ,dohtem yrwoL yb noitartnecnoc nietorp ,muidem Hp erewralullecartxe SDS yb emyzne - ibulusoib laoc eht fo ecnabrosba ,EGAP noitazil

VU retemotohportceps yb tcudorp - ( siv mn 052 dna mn 054 lanoitcnuf eliforp ,) laoc fo sisylana dna RITF htiw noitazilibulosoib etingil fo sisylana spuorg

CG yb tcudorp noitazilibulosoib - noitaidari ammag taht dewohs tluser ehT .SMdica dna )yGk 01( tingil dna noitazilibulosoib ,muidem Hp ecneulfni noitacifi

emyzne ralullecartxe fo tnetnoC .eliforp muillicineP :wollof sa detceted erew .ps neewteb WM htiw emyzne esadixorep ningiL 83 - ,aDK 74 esadixorep nagnam

neewteb WM htiw emyzne 83 - esaccaL dna aDK 05 WM htiw 35 - .aDK 011 fo puorg lanoitcnuf degnahc noitaidarri ammag dna noitacifidica ,lortnoc etingiL

O- noitazilibulosoiB .noitazilibulosoib retfa dna erofeb yltnacifingis C=C dna Hleuf leseid dna enilosag ot lauqe hcihw noitisopmoc ralimis dewohs tcudorp .

CG fo tluseR - leseid ot lauqe hcihw noitisopmoc ecnatsbus ralimis rof sisylana SM noitacifidica yb etingil dna noitaidarri ammag yb etingil ,lortnoc etingil rof leuf

53,8 erew ,% 24,5 nad % 00,4 % hcihw noitisopmoc ecnatsbus ralimis naht dnailosag ot lauqe yb etingil dna noitaidarri ammag yb etingil ,lortnoc etingil rof en

92,2 erew noitacifidica % .%42,3 nad %99,1 ,

:drowyeK ,noitaidari ammag ,myzne ralullecartxe ,noitazilibulosoib ,etingiL,noitacifidica muillicineP .ps

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I BAB

NAULUHADNEP

.1.1 akaleB rataL gn

imub kaynim nagnadaC nad id sag nad sipinem nikames ini taas aisenodnI

32 amales nataafnamep igab asisret 26 nad .nuhat ikilimem gnay arabutaB

nagnadaC kutnu nuhat 641 haletes gnitnep nanarep gnagemem naka naped ek

kaynim sibah sag nad imub 2 ,raleotiW( .)900 numaN naikimed arabutab %95 irad

.tingil sinej irad utiay ,hadner satilaukreb aisenodnI id adap nobrak nagnudnaK

inkay ,nial sinej aratnaid hadner gnilap tingil aynah 02 aratna rasikreb - %53 tareb ,

.iggnit hibel aynria nagnudnak uti aratnemes bes helO ,uti ba isulos iracid ulrep

simonoke ialinreb raga arabutab satilauk naktakgninem kutnu .

gnay arac utas halaS halet arabutab satilauk naktakgninem kutnu nakukalid

halada akisif edotem nagned , sesorp nagned utiay sisetnis rehcsif - hcsporT nad

qiL laoC nworB ygolonhceT noitcafeu ( )LCB( esnefeD secruoseR larutaN

licnuoC .)7002 , lanoisarepo ayaib nakhutubmem utiay akisif edotem nahameleK

aynsesorp ,timur pukuc gnay isalatsni nakulremem anerak iggnit pukuc gnay

,iggnit gnay nanaket nad rutarepmet malad nakukalid atres OC naklisahgnem 2 aud

.)7002 ,CDRN( asaib kaynim rakab nahab irad tapil ilak

edotem utas halaS fitanretla akgnabmekid asib gnay araces halada n

utiay sigoloib .isasilibulosoib tubesid gnay emsinagroorkim nautnab nagned

tkab nad rumaj niarts halmujeS iskaretnireb upmam iuhatekid nemalifreb ire

.relulesartske mizne sesorp iulalem hadner satilauk arabutab nagned gnay gnapaK

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81

gnapak halada ini naitilenep adap nakanugid muillicineP .ps naitileneP oroguS te

la . gnapak awhab nakitkubmem )9002( muillicineP .ps isnabrosba ialin ikilimem

arabutab naisadargednep nakukalem halet tubesret gnapak aynitra ,iggnitret

ini naitkubmeP .arabutab muidem nakanuggnem hubmut upmam nad iggnitret

adrobaL naitilenep helo taukrepid .la te 991( 9 gnapak awhab nakitkubmem )

uillicineP m .arabutab isasilibulosoib sesorp malad tabilret .ps

miznE .mizne naktabilem arabutab isasilibulosoiB - relulesartske mizne

,esaretse ,esadiskorep halada arabutab isasilibulosoib malad narepreb gnay esakal ,

sakal nad esadiskorep ningil ,esadiskorep nagnam adrobaL( e la te 991 ,. 9 asoukaF ;

dna 9991 ,rethcirfoH .) ,esakal nad esadiskorep nagnam ,esadiskorep ningiL

gnisam - 83 lukelom tareb iaynupmem gnisam - 83 ,aDK 74 - 35 nad ,aDK 05 - 011

asoukaF( aDK dna .)9991 ,rethcirfoH helo aynmulebes naitilenep lisaH adirE

02( gnapak adap awhab nakataynem ,)01 muillicineP mizne tapadret .ps esakal ,

sesorp malad gnitnep narepreb gnay esadiskorep nagnam nad esadiskorep ningil

.arabutab isasilibulosoib

naanuggneP gnapak gnaruk arabutab isasilibulosoib malad anerak fitkefe

ulremem narucnahgnep sesorp( mizne nenamem taas les narucnahgnep sesorp nak

.)raseb alaks malad nakukalid hadum ulales kadit les malad ,uti anerak helO

nakanugid ini naitilenep tcartxe edurc gnapak relulesartske mizne muillicineP .ps ,

natanrepus utiay raynep lisah nagni gnapak talosi ,hatnem tingil narupmac irad

muillicineP .muidem nad .ps naanuggneP tcartxe edurc relulesartske mizne kadit

imala araces ,audeK .mizne nenamem taas les narucnahgnep sesorp nakulremem

2

91

ret nahat hibel aynmumu les raulek nakiserkesid mizne isarutaned sesorp padah

tayadiH( la te . 002 , 6 .)

ninem kutnU asilibulosoib sativitka naktakg is nakukalid arabutab

eparp r arabutab padahret naukal , nad namasagnep nagned utiay isaidari .ammag

ONH( tartin masa nahabmanep arac nagned nakukalid namasagneP 3 nay ) g

idajnem sitamizne iskaer aggnihes arabutab isgnuf sugug nahaburep nakbabeynem

,ihS( takgninem te la ,. )9002 nakgnadeS . isaidari kutnu naujutreb ammag

aggnihes anahredes awaynes idajnem arabutab adap skelpmok awaynes habugnem

rabutab isasilibulosoib lisah ,uti nialeS .anrupmes idajnem a isaidari ammag

naktakgninem tapad agudid etis mizne aggnihes arabutab adap mizne isprosda

oroguS( mumiskam ajrekeb tapad la te . helo aynmulebes naitilenep lisaH .)9002 ,

oroguS .la te )0102( nakkujnunem isasilibulosoib awhab tapad arabutab

nagned naktakgnitid isaidari .isabukni irah 7 haletes ammag sisoD isaidari ammag

.yGk 01 sisod halada ini naitilenep malad iakapid gnay

tingil isasilibulosoib nakukalid ini naitilenep malaD lisah nad namasagnep

lisah isaidari m nagned ammag nakanuggne tcartxe edurc relulesartske mizne

gnapak mullicineP .ps isasilibulosoib kudorp nad tingil arabutaB ayntujnales

fni ipoksortkeps nagned aynisgnuf sugug sisilanaid ra isasiretkarak nad harem

CG nagned - .SM narukugneP isasilibulosoib takgnit lid aguj nakuka nakanuggnem

VU retemotofortkeps - nad siv arac nagned nakukalid mizne isasiretkaraK

nakanuggnem nagned nietorp siserofortkele etahpluS lycedoD muidoS

siserohportcelE leG edimalyrcayloP SDS( - liforp iuhategnem kutnu )EGAP

3

02

butab isasilibulos igab nietorp ralulesartske nietorp radak narukugnep nad ara

.yrwoL edotem nagned

.2.1 halasaM nasumureP

.1 hakanamiagaB satifitkefe nad ammag isaidari padahret namasagnep

helo tingil arabutab isasilibulosoib sesorp tcartxe edurc mizne

relulesartske gnapak muillicineP ?.ps

.2 B liforp hakanamiaga isgnuf sugug lisah tingil arabutab ammag isaidari

namasagnep nad nagned isasilibulosoib sesorp haletes nad mulebes edurc

tcartxe relulesartske mizne gnapak muillicineP ?.ps

.3 lisah tingil arabutab isasilibulosoib sesorp hakapA ag isaidari nad amm

namasagnep nakanuggnem nagned tcartxe edurc relulesartske mizne

gnapak muillicineP nagned arates gnay kudorp naklisahgnem upmam .ps

?ralos nad nisneb

.3.1 sisetopiH

.1 namasagnep nad ammag isaidarI isasilibulosoib padahret huragnepreb

elo tingil arabutab h tcartxe edurc relulesartske mizne gnapak muillicineP

.ps

.2 lisah tingil arabutab liforp nahaburep idajreT nad ammag isaidari

namasagnep nagned isasilibulosoib sesorp haletes nad mulebes edurc

tcartxe relulesartske mizne gnapak muillicineP .ps

.3 ilibulosoiB lisah tingil arabutab isas namasagnep nad ammag isaidari

nakanuggnem nagned tcartxe edurc relulesartske mizne gnapak4

12

muillicineP nisneb nagned arates gnay kudorp naklisahgnem upmam .ps

.ralos nad

naitileneP naujuT .4.1

.1 iuhategneM satifitkefe mmag isaidari namasagnep nad a padahret

isasilibulosoib arabutab helo tingil tcartxe edurc relulesartske mizne

gnapak muillicineP .ps

.2 iuhategneM isaidari lisah tingil arabutab isgnuf sugug liforp nahaburep

asilibulosoib sesorp haletes nad mulebes namasagnep nad ammag is

nagned tcartxe edurc relulesartske mizne gnapak muillicineP .ps

.3 iuhategneM satifitkefe namasagnep nad ammag isaidari kudorp padahret

helo tingil arabutab isasilibulosoib tcartxe edurc relulesartske mizne

gnapak muillicineP .ps

.5.1 naitileneP taafnaM

eneP nauhategnep nad isamrofni irebmem tapad nakparahid ini naitil

rotkaf gnatnet - aggnihes tingil arabutab isasilibulosoib ihuragnepmem gnay rotkaf

.lamitpo hibel gnay isasilibulosoib kudorp naklisahid

5

22

.6.1 rikipreB akgnareK

.7.1

rebmus fitanretlAayad igrene

kaynim nasatabreteKimub

id arabutab %95> satilauk aisenodnI

hadner

arabutaB

natakgnineParabutab satilauk

edurC tcartxe relulesartske mizne

gnapak talosImuillicineP .ps

ammag isaidarIyGk 01 sisod

namasagnePONH nagned 3

isasilibulosoiBrabutab a

isasilibulosoiBarabutab

isasilibulos kudorP iagabes arabutabigrene ayad rebmus

6

32

II BAB

AKATSUP NAUAJNIT

.1.2 arabutaB

lairetam irad lasareb gnay nemides nautab iagabes nakisinifedid arabutaB

( kinagro kcor yratnemides citsalconagro nagnudnak ikilimem nad rakabid tapad ,)

.negisko nad ,negordih ,nobrak apureb amatu asadreB sesorp nakr

aynnnakutnebmep isalumuka lisah nakapurem gnay nasipal halada arabutab ,

,utnetret napadnegnep nagnukgnil utaus adap kinagro lairetam nad nahubmut

utnetret epit nad takgnirep naklisahgnem aggnihes )9002 ,siraH( . ,uti anerak helO

usamret arabutab habugnem gnay sesorP .lisof rakab nahab irogetak malad k

( naarabutabmep nagned tubesid arabutab idajnem nahubmut noitacifilaoc ).

nagned tapad ignuf nad iretkab akam kinagro nahab nakapurem arabutab nanusuS

akisakilpaid tapad ignuf nad iretkaB .hubmut hadum lah malad n isadarged nataki

isasilibulosoib sesorp malad nakisakilpaid tapad aggnihes ,arabutab malad aimik

adrobaL( lamron naadaek adap la te . 991 , 9 .)

arabutaB nakutnebmeP .1.1.2

amal tagnas gnay utkaw malad gnusgnalreb arabutab nakutnebmep sesorP

ned tagnas gnay sanap nad nanaket atres ,negisko sabeb nagnukgnil isidnok nag

isidnok utaus malad lupmukret tubesret namanat asis haletes ,mumu araceS .iggnit

irad nakutnebmep aggnihes )ria kaynab( gnukudnem gnay utnetret taep )tubmag(

.idajret aynmumu taeP it numan ,arabutab nagnolog iagabes nakkusamid kad

7

42

aynkutnebret taep takgniT .arabutab aynkutnebret irad lawa pahat nakapurem

isidnok helo ihuragnepid anerak ,isairavreb tagnas arabutab nagnatamek - isidnok

sko nagnudnak apureb aynasaib ini lakol isidnoK .lakol ,namasaek takgnit ,negi

ihuragnepmem gnay aimik iskaer aynkaynab nad emsinagroorkim naridahek

.)6002 ,ayajnosariT( arabutab utaus nagnatamek

aguj arabutab nakkutnebmep sesorp ,lakol isidnok helo ihuragnepid nialeS

kutnebmep sesorP .utkaw helo ihuragnepid tapad takgnis araces arabutab na

asis nahaburep utaus iagabes nakisinifedid - naidumek itam nahubmut asis

( tubmag idajnem habureb nad padnegnem taep idajnem habureb ayntujnales ,)

suret gnay nanaket nad uhus huragnep naktapadnem haleteS .adum arabutab

surenem nahaburep imalagnem naka adum arabutab akam ,nuhat naatuj amales

arabutab idajnem aynkinagro satirutam habmanem iapmas pahatreb araces

iapmas gnusgnalreb suret akisif nad aimik araces nahabureP .sunimutibbus

ajnem aynanraw nad sarek hibel idajnem arabutab aggnihes matih hibel id

tisartna idajnem igal anrupmes hibel naidumek sunimutib arabutab halkutnebret

.)4991 ,thgiepS( sinej nakutnebmep edoireP - adap tahilid tapad arabutab sinej

.1 rabmaG

Gamb .1 ra P sor e s Pe kutnebm a B n a abut ra ( 5991 ,idimurradnakuS ).

8

52

.2 arabutaB isakifisalK .2.1

tapme idajnem nakisakifisalkid arabutab mumu araces ,)4991( thgiepS turuneM

: nobrak nagnudnak nakrasadreb amatu epit

.a tisartnA arabutaB

gnilap kifromatem takgnit nagned arabutab nakapurem tisartna arabutaB

rep sesorp( iggnit nasanamep uata nanaket awitsirep anerak nautab rutkurts nahabu

.nailreb ualik ikilimem nad sarek arabutab nagned lanekid ,)iggnit tagnas gnay

08 iapacnem aynnobrak nagnudnaK - tapad aggnihes ayntareb irad % 69

tab sinej irad iggnit gnilap igrene naklisahgnem 02 iapacnem utiay ,aynnial arabu -

sanamep nahab kutnu iakapid aynasaiB .not/)utB( tinu lamreht hsitirB atuj 82

.pasa apnat tekirb nataubmep kutnu nad narotnakrep ,hamur id nagnaur

O

O

.2 rabmaG K rutkurtS nad tisartnA arabutaB dna assoukaF( aynaimi.)9991 ,rethcirfoH

.b sunimutiB arabutaB

tagnas ria isisopmok ,sarek kaga ,matih anrawreb sunimutib arabutaB

51 ratikes utiay ruflus itrepes paugnem hadum gnay nahab gnudnagnem ,licek - 02

54 kaynabes nobrak ,% - ad ayntareb irad % 08 aynnarakabmep lisah igrene n

91 iapacnem - ipa apureb sunimutib arabutab narakabmep lisaH .not/utB atuj 239 52












O

O






91 iapacnem - ipa apureb sunimutib arabutab narakabmep lisaH .not/utB atuj 239 52












O

O






91 iapacnem - ipa apureb sunimutib arabutab narakabmep lisaH .not/utB atuj 239

62

sunimutib arabutab naanuggneP .ubareb nad pasareb gnay gninuk anrawreb

( gnara idajnem isrevnokid kutnu nakujutid ekoc irtsudni malad nakanugid gnay )

ab .aj

O

.3 rabmaG dna assoukaF( aynaimiK rutkurtS nad sunimutiB arabutaB.)9991 ,rethcirfoH

.c sunimutibbuS arabutaB

rasebes nobrak nagnudnak ,kanul ,matih anrawreb sunimutibbus arabutaB

53 - naklisahid gnay igrene nad % 54 61 aratna rasikreb - .not/utB atuj 42

arabutab nakgnidnabid hadner hibel sunimutibbus arabutab nobrak nagnudnaK

anerak hisreb hibel gnay narakabmep naklisahgnem ipatet naka ,sunimutib

agnudnak n imutib arabutab nagned nakgnidnabid hadner hibel gnay aynruflus .sun

id anerak irtsudni malad nakanugid gnires gnay arabutab nakapurem ini arabutaB

sunimutibbus arabutab nataafnameP .hapmilem tagnas aynhalmuj aisenodnI

paU aganeT kirtsiL tikgnabmeP kutnu rakab nahab iagabes nakanugid amaturet

.)UTLP(

01

72

OH

OH

OH

.4 rabmaG dna assoukaF( aynaimiK rutkurtS nad sunimutibbuS arabutaB.)9991 ,rethcirfoH

.d tingil arabutaB

tingiL nakapurem utab irad hadneret takgnit ,arab arabutaB ini nakapurem

abutab sinej gnologret sigoloeg araces gnay arabutab sinej tagnas ,adum gnilap ar

.natalekocek matih aggnih talekoc irad ialum anraw ikilimem ,kanul rolak ialin

tikides tagnas gnay nobrak nagnudnak nagned hadner rasikreb nobrak nagnudnaK

02 aratna - nad ayntareb irad % 53 rolak 9 aratna rasikreb naklisahid gnay - 71

B .not/ut tingiL anekret gnay gnirek uyak lairetam irad iridret raseb naigabes

sunimutibbus arabutab adap irad iggnit hibel aynria nagnudnaK .iggnit nanaket ,

ayntareb irad %07 ria gnudnagnem uluhad hibelret nakgnirekid ulrep aggnihes

aigabeS .rakabid mulebes tikgnabmep naulrepek kutnu nakanugid tingil raseb n

.kirtsil

tingiL aynria nagnudnak anerak ,hadner gnilap gnay nagnolog nakapurem

y tingil agraH .iggnit tagnas gna kutnu ,uti anerak helO .harum tagnas nup

ep fitanretla igrene idajnem arabutab nahalogn nej , ay si halada iakapid kaynab gn

tingil anerak , .hadner ayaib .5 rabmag adap tahilid tapad tingil rutkurtS

11 72

OH

OH

OH


.d tingil arabutaB










.kirtsil





11 72

OH

OH

OH


.d tingil arabutaB










.kirtsil





11

82

O

S

OH

N

O

O

O

HOMe

O

-O

OMe

O-

O

O

O

O

O

O

OH

OH

Me

O

O

N

.5 rabmaG dna assoukaF( aynaimiK rutkurtS nad tingiL arabutaB.)9991 ,rethcirfoH

.3.1.2 isasilibulosoiB arabutaB

Bi isasilibuloso muidem utaus malad arabutab naturalep sesorp halada

emsinagroorkim nautnab nagned ( drofwarC dna atpuG , 002 )0 isasilibulosoiB .

nakapurem nakanugid tapad aynitnan gnay arabutab nakriacnem kutnu ayapu

D .imub kaynim itnaggnep rakab nahab iagabes nakriacnem kutnu gnipmasi

nagnudnak ignarugnem kutnu nakanugid alup tapad isasilibulosoib ,arabutab

arabutab adap kiskot magol uata ruflus .

lasareb gnay kinagro remilop macam iagabreb nagned ayakrepid arabutaB

et gnay asolulesongil nad tardihobrak irad nad asolulesimeh ,asolules irad iridr

.ningil tapadret tingil arabutab isadargednem malad kiab gnay emsinagroorkiM

salek adap setecymoidoisaB nad setecymocsA ningil isadargednem tapad anerak ,

inagroorkim nagned nakgnidnabid fisnetske nad tapec hibel araces .nial ems

suneg irad gnapaK - itrepes suneg ,amredohcirT ,muillicineP ,sulligrepsA nad

dnyL( uyak isisopmokednem naupmamek ikilimem iuhatekid ayniagabes ,.la te

.)2002

21 82

O

S

OH

N

O

O

O

HOMe

O

-O

OMe

O-

O

O

O

O

O

O

OH

OH

Me

O

O

N
















.)2002

21 82

O

S

OH

N

O

O

O

HOMe

O

-O

OMe

O-

O

O

O

O

O

O

OH

OH

Me

O

O

N
















.)2002

21

92

gnapaK muillicineP tapad gnay iskelesret gnapak utas halas nakapurem .ps

ab isadargednem arabut oroguS( la te ,. )9002 . gnapaK muillicineP .ps ikilimem

aynesalulesongil mizne sativitka anerak arabutab isadargednem kutnu naupmamek

nehoC( la te . .)0991 , awaynes awhab nakkujnunem halet naitilenep aparebeB

e helo sisilordihid tapad skelpmok kinagro gnay kinagro awaynes idajnem mizn

.emsinagroorkim les emsilobatemid hadum hibel aggnihes anahredes hibel

arabutaB .riac arabutab naklisahgnem aggnihes mizne helo isadargedid tapad

zne utiay ,relulesartske mizne halada arabutab isadargednem tapad gnay miznE mi

.tartsbus isadargednem kutnu aynhubut raul ek gnapak helo nakiserkskeid gnay

.nahubmut nugnabmep nenopmok utas halas nakapurem asoluleS asoluleS

tinu sata nususret gnay remilop halada - nataki iulalem asokulg tinu α- 4,1 -

nem tapad gnay miznE .adisokilg nakapurem nad esalules halada asolules iarug

iarugnem ,esanakulgodnE .nenopmok agit irad iridret gnay skelpmok mizne

lanretni nataki adap modnar araces asolules remilop α- 4,1 - kutnu adisokilg

oskE .isairavreb iatnar gnajnap nagned nirtskedogilo naklisahgnem ,esanakulg

naklisahgnem kutnu iskuderepnon nad iskuderep gnuju irad asolules iarugnem

miznE .asokulg/asoiboles α- naklisahgnem kutnu asoiboles iarugnem ,esadisokulg

dnyL( asokulg .la te .)2002 ,

agned negoreteh adirakasilop kopmolek nakapurem asolulesimeH tareb n

remonom idajnem masa nagned sisilordihid hadum hibel fitaler ,hadner lukelom

ningiL .asoibara nad asolix ,asotkalag ,asonnam ,asokulg gnudnagnem gnay

tinu iulalem kutnebret gnay kitamora rutkurts nagned remilop nakapurem - tinu

rad hibel ,naporplinep nakirebmem gnay ningil sata nususret namanat % 03 i

31

03

hokok gnay kutneb . nad skelpmok aynrutkurts anerak isadargedid tilus ningiL

nagniraj malad asolulesimeh nad asolules nagned natakireb gnay negoreteh

ningil isadargednem upmam gnay emsinagroorkiM .namanat upmam itrareb

arabutab isadargednem nehoC( .la te .)0991 ,

kifiseps kadit gnay relulesartske mizne nakhutubmem ningil isadargeD

.iggnit lukelom tareb nagned kaca rutkurts iaynupmem ningil anerak niales ningiL

ad ,emsinagro kopmolekes helo isadargedid tapad utnetret nagnukgnil isidnok mal

ilakla awaynes nagned itrepes kitoiba rotkaf helo isadargedid aguj tapad

uata )5991 ,ettehcnalB( isaidari oolatahaV( teloivartlu la te 91 ,. 99 ) . gnay miznE

utiay ,mizne sinej agit irad iridret isadarged sesorp malad narepreb ningil

.esakal nad ,)PnM( esadiskorep nagnam ,)PiL( esadiskorep

non kitamora awaynes isadisko utaus silatakgnem PiL ningil kilonef

amijhoJ( lira noitak lakidar kutnebmem la te . , .)9991 awayneS - lakidar awaynes

apelem naka pahatreb uata natnops araces ,ini nad lukelomratna nataki naks

PnM miznE .kitamora nicnic adap itni naksapelem naka aynaratnaid aparebeb

nM isadiskognem +2 nM idajnem +3 H nad 2O2 naklisahgnem kutnu silatak iagabes

oreramaC( adiskorep sugug la te nM .)6991 ,. +3 isufidreb tapad naklisahid gnay ek

.isadisko sesorp nakfitkagnem nad tartsbus malad helo alup gnukudid ini laH

H lisahgnep mizne nad lohokla lirtarev irad lakidar noitak sativitka 2O2 . ini sesorP

O ayngnubagreb nagned irihkaid naka 2 gnoJ ed( ningil rutkurts malad ek te la ,.

.)4991 esakaL nad arorA( noniuk idajnem lonef sugug isadisko iulalem narepreb

mizne halada esakal awhab nakataynem )0891( arahihsI .)5891 ,uhdnaS

41

13

iskotem sugug habugnem naka gnay isalitemid sesorp iulalem isadiskognep

.lonatem idajnem

naklisahgnem isasilibulosoib sesorP nenopmok nagned arates gnay kudorp

.imub kaynim tapadret gnay awaynes nagned arates gnay isasilibulosoib kudorP

C utiay kednep gnay nobrak mota iatnar iaynupmem nisneb malad 4 C iapmas ,21

C nobrak mota iaynupmem ralos kaynim nenopmok kutnu nakgnades 8 apmas C i 52

.)1002 ,etutitsnI muelorteP naciremA( nenopmoK gnay halada ralos amatu

81 nagned iapmas 31 nobrak iatnar gnajnap ikilimem kkd irasaloN( ,. )7002 .

C( anakedaskeh halada ralos amatu nenopmoK 61 H 43 C( anakedatko nad ) 81 H 83 )

tayadiH( .la te 6002 , .)

s halaS nagned halada isasilibulosoib sesorp tapecrepmem kutnu arac uta

ONH( tartin masa nahabmanep itrepes aimik araces naukalep arp nairebmep 3 nad )

naiakamep nagned akisif araces isaidari tartin masa nahabmaneP .ammag

malad nahaburep nakbabeynem kutnu nakukalid iskaer aggnihes isgnuf sugug

( takgninem nalajreb sitamizne ,ihS la te .)9002 ,. nakgnadeS isaidari naka ammag

ningil rutkurts adap tapadret gnay skelpmok nataki aynsutupret nakbabeynem

naktakgninem nakparahid aggnihes etis .mizne isprosda

edneP miznE .2.2 ningiL isadarg

naka anerak fitadisko mizne malad ek kusamret ningil isadargednep miznE

hibel gnay awaynes idajnem ,tingil ini lah malad ,tartsbus isadiskognem

nad esakal utiay amatu kopmolek aud irad iridret ini miznE .anahredes

iskorep miznE .esadiskorep nagnam nad )PiL( esadiskorep ningil irad iridret esad

tubesret mizne agiteK .)8991 ,lahahC dna lahahC( )PnM( esadiskorep

51

23

naklisahgnem nad ningil remilop lawa nahacemep padahret bawaj gnuggnatreb

OC nad ria malad tural ,hadner lukelom tareb nagned kudorp 2 ( rathkA la te ,

uata )PiL( esadiskorep ningil ,)PnM( esadiskorep nagnaM .)7991 esakal upmam

idajnem aynisasiremilopednem nad arabutab id kitamora nenopmok isadargednem

rekloH( ria malad tural tapad nad negisko ayak gnay nenopmok la te .)2002 ,

mizne nanareP -e ,tubesret relulesartske mizn thgieW luceloM Hp nad )WM(

.1 lebat adap tahilid tapad mumitpo

.1 lebaT rathkA( ningil isadargednep relulesartske miznE ,.la te ;7991 dna assoukaF )9991 ,rethcirfoH .

miznE miznE epiT nareP malad

isadargeD

WM)aDK(

HpmumitpO

R egnahP

ningiL

esadiskorep

esadiskoreP isadargeD non tinu

kilonef 83 - 74 5,2 - 0,3 0,2 - 0,5

nagnaM

esadiskorep

esadiskoreP isadargeDkilonef tinu 83 - 05 0,4 - 5,4 0,2 - 0,6

esakaL

loneFesadisko

isadiskOu kilonef tin

non nadkilonef

35 - 011 5,3 - 0,7 0,2 - 5,8

iL isadarged sesorp malad amatu mizne nakapurem )PiL( esadiskorep ning

kilonef non tinU .ningil kilonef non tinu isadiskognem upmam anerak ningil

.ningil rutkurts nesrep 09 ratikes nusuynep nakapurem utaus silatakgnem PiL

kilonef non kitamora awaynes isadisko lira noitak lakidar kutnebmem ningil

amijhoJ( la te )9991,. tauk gnay nadisko nakapurem PiL anerak ,uti gnipmasiD .

61

33

ini mizne akam kognem naupmamek iaynupmem aguj ,kilonef awaynes isadis

kilkisilop kitamora awaynes nad kitamora rete ,anima zereP( la te 2002 . ) .

nahasimep nagned ialumid PiL helo silatakid gnay ningil rutkurtsbus isadiskO

,lira noitak lakidar naklisahgnem nad ronod tartsbus kitamora nicnic nortkele utas

iskaer iagabreb imalagnem naidumek gnay citamyznetsop ( 7991 ,lemmaH PiL .)

C nataki gnotomem α-Cβ rabmaG( ningil lukelom 6 .)

rabmaG 6. C natakI nagnotomeP α-Cβ ningiL lukeloM .

noi adap gnutnagret PnM helo nial kilonef awaynes nad ningil isadiskO

( sabeb nM dloG dna cilA , )3991 . nM lawa iskaeR +3 onef nicnic nagned halada kil

skonef lakidar idajnem nortkele utas isadisko utaus li malad tapadret gnay

adebreb gnay remosem dloG( ,cilA dna )3991 . ,natlumis araceS etalehc masa

naklisahgnem nikgnum gnay nial lakidar nad liskorep idajnem isadiskoid kinagro

c gnay adiskorepus idajnem nobrak tasupreb lakidar nagned iskaereb gnuredne

malad naklisahid gnay nicnic nahalebmep imalagnem gnay adiskorep rete kutneb

( kitafila rutkurts nakutnebmep ,rethcirfoH 2002 PnM mizne metsis ayntujnaleS .)

71

43

OC idajnem ini sugug halebmem 2 lakidar nad imalagnem ayntujnales gnay kitafila

OC naklisahgnem negiskoid nagned iskaer 2 kinagro nahab nad kaynab hibel

tamrof masa itrepes hadner lulekom tareb nagned rabmaG( 7).

.7 rabmaG kurtS irad adiskoiD nobraK nakutnebmeP amekS kitamorA rutPnM helo ningiL

esakaL kadit ini miznE .iretkab nad ,rimahk ,gnapak adap nakumetid

H nakhutubmem 2O2 iskuderem esakaL .negisko lukelom nakanuggnem ipatet

H idajnem negisko 2 nortkele utas iskaer iulalem kilonef tartsbus malad O

kidar kutnebmem gnay noitak lakidar nagned nakamasid tapad gnay sabeb la

netsreK( PnM iskaer adap kutnebret ,.la te .)0991 l iskA esaka kitamora adap

assuokaF( iskonef lakidar nakutnebmep naklisahgnem kilonef dna ,rethcirfoH

9991 .)

81

53

l awhab nakirebid gnay isakidni aparebeB a esak isrevnok malad tabilret

helo tingil muillicineP .ps gnuggnatreb gnay nega iagabes paggnaid ini mizne nad

nariac nakutnebmep( arabutab isasilibulos kutnu rumaj naupmamek adap bawaj

.)tadap arabutab lekitrap irad matih skarf irad tujnal hibel isakifiruP l i esaka

l sativitka nakkujnunem amatrep gnay ,nietorp aud tapadret nakkujnunem esaka ,

l tikides ikilimem nial gnay aratnemes ,arabutab adap tikides aynkefe ipatet esaka ,

assuokaF( iggnit aynarabutab isasilibulos sativitka ipatet dna 9991 ,rethcirfoH .)

vitkA nagned iadnatid ninnat naknhabmatid gnay tadap muidem adap esakal sati

.muidem adap talekoc anraw isufid aynkutnebret

rabmaG 8. esadisko lonef mizne helo isadisko iskaeR ( erauqsrb.www gro.d ).

3.2 . rotkaF - isasilibulosoiB ihuragnepmeM gnay rotkaF

gnay rotkaf aparebeb tapadret arabutab isasilibulos sesorp malad iD

rotkaF .nakanugid gnay emsinagroorkim nahubmutrep padahret huragnepreb -

tubesret rotkaf aynaratnaid b padahret lawa naukalrep arabuta gnay utiay ,

halada ini naitilenep malad nakukalid isaidari padahret namasagnep nad ammag

tingil arabutab lepmas . rotkaF - ,isairavreb gnay kefe ikilimem tubesret rotkaf

ianegnem nauhategneP .nakanugid gnay emsinagroorkim sinej adap gnutnagret

rotkaf - adrobaL( lamitpo gnilap gnay lisah helorepmem kutnu nakulrepid ini rotkaf

la te .)9991 ,.

91

63

I .1.3.2 isaidar

I isaidar malad gnaur uata iretam utaus iulalem igrene naracnap halada

rebmus irad kitengamortkele gnabmoleg uata lekitrap ,sanap kutneb isaidari ,

ades mumu araces nakgn isaidari igrene utaus naracnamep iagabes nakitraid

lekitrap uata kitengamortkele - ,malassuraD( iggnit natapecek nagned lekitrap

.)6991 isaidarI rebmus utaus irad igrene natabmarep arac utas halas nakapurem

mem apnat aynnagnukgnil ek igrene ratnahgnep nahab uata muidem nakhutub

.utnetret isaidarI nakasarid tapad kadit utiay ,sahk gnay tafis aud ikilimem ini

sinej aparebeb nad aisunam ardni acnap helo gnusgnal araces isaidari tapad

kadit gnay ayntafis anamiagabeS .nahab sinej iagabreb submenem nakasarid tapad

kadit uata ada nakutnenem kutnu akam ,aisunam aredni acnap helo ilakes amas

aynada isaidari rukugnep utiay ,tala utaus nakulrepid rilkun isaidari gnay

rukugnem nad isketednem kutnu natalarep nanusus utaus nakapurem isaidari kiab

,satitnauk .)5991 ,NATAB( aynsisod uata ,igrene

I isaidar utiay ,macam 2 idajnem nakadebid tapad isaidari nad sanap

isaidari .noignep isaidarI nagned uata hadner isneukerf nakanuggnem sanap

.harem arfni aynlasim ,iggnit gnabmoleg gnajnap isaidarI nakanuggnem noignep

( afla ranis aynlasim ,iggnit isneukerf α ( ateb ranis ,) β ( ammag ranis nad ,) γ )

.)4991 ,regninheL(

raniS ammag halada isaidari gnajnap nagned kitengamortkele gnabmoleg

helo nakracnapid gnay )mortsgnA edro malad( kednep tagnas gnay gnabmoleg

fitkaoidar tafisreb gnay libats kadit gnay mota itni . mota itni haleteS

02

73

lekitrap nakracnamem α , β gnay itni ,nortkele napakgnat awitsirep haletes uata ,

nagned aynrasad naadaek ek nurut naka tubesret isatiskeret naadaek malad hisam

nakracnamem isaidari )5991 ,NATAB( ammag . sinej nakapurem ammag raniS

saidari gnajnap ,larten nataum anerak gnadib iagabreb malad nakanugid asib gnay i

ammag ranis igrene aggnihes iggnit gnilap submet ayad nad kednep gnabmoleg

adap nahaburep naklubminem tapad tegrat padahret rebmus nakracnapid gnay

jret tapad nahabureP .aynisisopmok abit nad kaca araces ida - aynlicek raseB .abit

fitkaoidar rebmus karaj nad igrene irad gnutnagret ammag isaidari kefe

.)4991 ,regninheL(

isaidarI nakapurem ammag isaidari raseb submet ayad nagned noignep

s sigoloib iretam nagned iskaretnireb tapad aggnihes mosomork ,AND ,ria itrepe

sisoD .les nad isaidari gnay nakasurek uata nahaburep takgnit nakrabmaggnem

helo naklubmitid tapad isaidari satitnauk helo nakutnetid tagnas ini sisod ialiN .

isaidari sinej , isaidari isketorp malaD .pareynep nahab sinej nad aidari is

naitregnep halmuj halada sisod isaidari nadem malad tapadret gnay isaidari uata

igrene halmuj isaidari .)5991 ,NATAB( iretam helo amiretid uata paresid gnay

sesorp kutnu nakanugid gnay talA isaidari idari tubesid ammag ammag rota

K rotaidarI amanreb gnay malA tera kutnu naktaafnamid ammag rotaidarI .)AKRI(

isakilpa isaidari kutnu tolip alaks nupuam muirotarobal alaks malad kiab ammag

sesorp iagabreb isaidari ,namanat isatum ,gnitfag ,isasiremilop itrepes

ab naakumrep nasipalep ,nahab natewagnep/isasilirets .)5991 ,NATAB( nah

isaidarI nataki aynsutupret nakbabeynem naka arabutab adap ammag

naktakgninem tapad nakparahid nad kelpmok etis naitilenep adaP .mizne isprosda

12

83

talA .yGk 01 nakanugid gnay sisod ini isaidari rotaidari halada nakanugid ammag

AKRI ammag ( isaidarI nagned 2891 nuhat adap gnasapid gnay )malA teraK

rebmus isaidari C ammag o- id gnay nahab mumiskam emulov nad 06 isaidari rep

halai hctab + m 2,1 3 .)5991 ,NATAB(

namasagneP .2.3.2

nakapurem mumu araces )AH mumu sumur nagned ilikawid gnires( masA

s nagned natural naklisahgnem naka ria malad nakturalid alib gnay aimik awayne

Hp .7 irad licek hibel ,asab nad masa ianegnem yrwoL detsnorB pesnok turuneM

nataumreb gnay negordih noi nakirebmem tapad gnay taz halada masa utaus

H( notorp uata ,fitisop + .) auD nad lCH halada yrwoL detsnorB masa irad hotnoc

ONH 3.

ONH 3 diskognep taz nakapurem takep isa ,nednesseF dna nednesseF( tauk

ONH nahabmaneP .)6891 3 nakbabeynem naka takep sugug igab isadisko iskaer -

adap tapadret gnay notek nad lohokla itrepes isgnuf sugug .tingil rutkurts

sugug nahabureP - sitamizne iskaer nakbabeynem naka tubesret isgnuf sugug

,ihS( takgninem nikames la te iskaer nanikgnumeK .)9002 , - isadisko iskaer

.tukireb iagabes halada tubesret

.1 lohokla isadiskO

.a remirp lohoklA 3ONH hedlA di

.b rednukes lohoklA 3ONH noteK

.c reisret lohoklA 3ONH iskaer ada kadiT

22

93

.2 notek isadiskO

.iremotuat nakukalem notek ilaucek isadiskoid hadum kadit noteK

remosi halada remotuaT - nnial gnay nagned utas adebreb gnay remosi aynah ay

nagnubuhreb gnay negordih mota haubes nad pakgnar nataki isisop adap

inalajnem tapad gnay notek utauS .)6891 ,nednesseF dna nednesseF(

pakgnar nataki adap tauk isadiskognep taz helo isadiskoid tapad iremotuat

nobrak - aynlone remotuat )irad( nobrak .)6891 ,nednesseF dna nednesseF(

K .4.2 sasilibuloS kudorP isasiretkara arabutaB i

nakanuggnem isasiretkarakid arabutab isasilibulosoib kudorP

SDS siserofortkele - ,EGAP retemotofortkepS VU - ,siv arfni retemotofortkepS

arem nad ,)RITF( h saG ifargotamorK - CG( assaM ipoksortkepS - )SM .

SDS siserofortkelE .1.4.2 - EGAP

nahasimep kinket utaus halada siserofortkele ,)5002( onowuY turuneM

kirtsil nadem nakanuggnem nagned ,aynnaruku sata nakrasadreb ralules lukelom

adap nakrilaid gnay naka gnay lepmas gnudnagnem gnay muidem utaus

nataum )oisar( habsin adap gnutnagret lukelom kareg natapeceK .nakhasipid

.aynlukelom kutneb adap alup gnutnagret atres ,aynassam padahret

sreb niales ,fitaraperp naulrepek kutnu nakanugid tapad siserofortkelE tafi

utas halaS .nagnepmel gnay alup ada ,molok tafisreb gnay ada aynkutneb ,kitilana

32

04

SDS siserofortkele halada siserofortkele sinej - EGAP . etahpluS lycedoD muidoS

siserohportcelE leG edimalyrcayloP SDS( - kutnu nakukalid amaturet )EGAP

kelom tareb nakpatenem SDS .nietorp lu - igoloib kinket utaus halada EGAP

adaP .naruku nagned iauses nietorp nakhasimem kutnu nakanugid gnay ralukelom

991 nuhat 9 adrobaL , ,.la te mizne sisilanagnem - arabutab isasilibulosgnep mizne

,esaretse miznE .EGAP SDS edotem nakanuggnem nagned nagnam ,esakal

haletes isketedret uata ada itkubret esadiskorep ningil mizne atres esadiskorep

.EGAP SDS nagned isasiretkarak nakukalid SDS siserofortkele tnemurtsnI - EGAP

.9 rabmag adap tahilid tapad

rabmaG 9. D 1 siserofortkelE talA takgnarepeS

adaP gnay SDS nagned iskaereb nietorp ,EGAP SDS emsinakem

.fitagen nataumreb gnay skelpmok kutnebmem kinoina nejreted nakapurem

nagned natakireb skelpmok kutnebmem turalret nad isarutanedret naka nietorP

gnidnabes narukureb nad ,gnatab uata spile kutnebreb ,SDS lukelom tareb nagned

nakhasipret ini fitagen nataumreb gnay skelpmok kutneb malad nietorP .nietorp

leg skirtam malad id siserofortkele araces aynnaruku nad nataum nakrasadreb

nietorp nakanuggnem nagned rukuid tapad nietorp lukelom tareB .dimalirkailop

ats .)3002 ,nifraG( aynlukelom tareb iuhatekid halet gnay radn rabmaG 01

.SDS helo nietorp isarutaned rabmag nakkujnunem

42

14

.01 rabmaG .)7002 ,secneicsoiB latnemirepxE( SDS helo nietorp isarutaneD

dA .larten itakednem Hp adap nakukalid SDS leg siserofortkelE SDS ayna

iatnar idajnem isaisosidret naka adnag iatnar nietorp nakbabeynem - iatnar

helo isarutanedret gnay laudividni tnegreted aynidat gnay nanusus aggnihes ,ini

isarugifnok kutnebmem kasur idajnem )isnemid 3 rutkurts( rutaret modnaR“

”lioC ini awitsireP . nataki hacemem gnay lonateotpakrem aynada helo utnabid -

idajnem adiflusid nataki iskuderem( iatnar malad nupuata ratna adiflusid nataki

sugug - nakhasipid tapad nietorp uti anerak helO .)8991 ,semaH( )lirdihiflus sugug

nam id ,)MB( aynnaruku nakrasadreb aynah hibel gnay nietorp SDS skelpmok a

gnay skelpmok nagned nakgnidnabid licek hibel gnay satilibom iaynupmem raseb

.)3002 ,nifraG( licek hibel

.2.4.2 VU retemotofortkepS - siv

naka lukelom utaus helo teloivartlu nad kapmat ranis napareyneP

sisnart naklisahgnem ,tubesret lukelom adap kinortkele igrene takgnit aratna id i

adap tubesret isisnarT .kinortkele irtemortkeps nakamanid gnires aggnihes

( nataki latibro aratna idajret aynmumu gnidnob nad sabeb nagnasap latibro uata )

( nataki nakub latibro non - gnidnob o uata ) gnabmoleg gnajnaP .nataki itna latibr

25

24

takgnit naadebrep naruku nakapurem napares - irad igrene takgnit gnay latibro

.)5891,idajduS( natukgnasreb

lukeloM - isimsnartnem uata isbrosbagnem tapad lukelom isaidari

nibmok halada hitup ayahac sakreB .kitengamortkele gnajnap aumes isa

nagned nakutnetid tahilret gnay anraw naadebreP .kapmat murtkeps gnabmoleg

kejbo helo )naklutnapid( nakisimsnartid nad isbrosbaret gnay ayahac gnabmoleg

,aggniL( natural utaus uata .)2002

VU retemotofortkeps gnabmoleg gnajnaP - el huaj siv adapirad kednep hib

gnabmoleg gnajnap isaidari harem arfni retemotofortkeps gnabmoleg gnajnaP .

VU - igrene hadner iggnit adap gnutnagreb siv isaidari lukeloM .mota - lukelom

pareynem naka ,nortkele isomorp kutnu igrene kaynab hibel nakulremem gnay

gnajnap adap hibel igrene nakulremem gnay lukeloM .kednep hibel gnabmoleg

awayneS .gnajnap hibel gnay gnabmoleg gnajnap adap pareynem naka tikides

iaynupmem )anrawreb awaynes( kapmat haread malad ayahac pareynem gnay

nes adapirad nakisomorpid hadum hibel gnay murtkeps adap pareynem gnay away

.)2891 ,nednesseF dna nednesseF( kednep hibel gnay VU gnabmoleg gnajnap

isprosba akam ,isasitnaukret lukelom utaus helo igrene isprosba aneraK

apmat aynsurahes uti murtkeps isisnart kutnu k tirksid gnabmoleg gnajnap adap

us iagabes uata sirag murtkeps uta kaep ,naikimed kadit ataynret numaN .majat

VU retemotofortkeps - gnajnap haread adap rabel isprosba atip irad iridret siv

nad rasad naadaek aynigabret helo nakbabesid ini laH .rabel gnay gnabmoleg

alad lukelom haubes isatiske naadaaek takgnitsbus m - nad isator takgnitsbus

naadaek adap nupanam takgnitsbus irad idajret tapad kinortkele isisnarT .isarbiv

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34

isisnart iagabreb aneraK .isatiske naadaek adap nupanam takgnitsbus ek rasad

g gnajnap akam ,tikides tagnas gnay igrene naadebrep ikilimem gnabmole

rabel atip naklubminem nad tikides gnay naadebrep ikilimem aguj aynisprosba

.)2891 ,nednesseF dna nednesseF( tubesret murtkeps malad kapmat gnay

ayahac isprosda aynidajret nakbabeynem gnay )mota sugug( metsiS

ofomork suguG .rofomork sugug tubesid isisnart aynidajret nakbabeynem r

* lukelom latibro adap nortkele iaynupmem gnay metsis halai utiay ,

lukelom latibro iaynupmem aynah gnay awaynes lukelom nakapurem nad

sinej ,iynus nortkele nagnasap nagned mota iaynupmem kadit gnay hunej kinagro

.mn 051 ratikes gnabmoleg gnajnap adap ayahac isprosbagnem ini isisnart

n isisnart aynidajret nakbabeynem gnay rofomorK * gnay metsis halada

nad )n( takignem kat lukelom latibro adap nortkele iaynupmem awaynes utiay ,

nad n lukelom latibro iaynupmem aynah gnay kinagro lukelom nakapurem

hibel uata utas iaynupmem gnay hunej ,iynus nortkele nagnasap nagned mota

.mn 002 gnabmoleg gnajnap adap ayahac isprosbagnem ini isisnart sinej

isisnart aynidajret nakbabeynem gnay rofomorK * gnay metsis halada

lukelom latibro adap nortkele iaynupmem isprosbagnem ini isisnart sinej ,

anamid isagujnokret metsis adap ipatet ,mn 002 gnabmoleg gnajnap adap ayahac

natakireb gnay lukelom naadaek aratna igrene naadebrep akam ,kaynab nikam

isisnart kutnu isatiskeret naadaek nad rasad * ayntabika ,licek nikam

.)2891 ,llewserC( raseb hibel gnay gnabmoleg gnajnap adap idajret isprosba

gnay ayahac halmuj rukugnem kutnu nakanugid retemotofortkepS

lukelom helo nakisimsnartid uata isbrosbaid - iteK .natural malad id lukelom ak72

44

naka ayahac igrene ,natural iulalem nakisimsnartid ayahac gnabmoleg gnajnap

lanoisroporp gnusgnal araces gnay )A( isnabrosba nakamanid ,)isbrosbaid( paresid

lukelom naupmamek padahret - ayahac isprosbagnem kutnu turalret taz lukelom

gnabmoleg gnajnap adap gnajnap nad natural isartnesnok padahret aguj ,tubesret

utaus ek )retemotofortkeps malad mc 1 aynasaib( ayniulalid gnay ayahac sakreb

isbrosbaid uata nakisimsnartid gnay ayahac halmuj esatnesrep anamid tniop

nagned rukuid hp ebutoto .)2002 ,aggniL(

haubeS :utiay gnitnep naigab amil ikilimem retemotofortkeps

.a D( muiretued upmal nakanugid VU kutnu ,ayahac rebmuS 2 elbisiv kutnu ,)O

.)cuA( nonex tnetsgnut upmal nakanugid

.b kitamorkilop ayahac habugnem tapad gnay tala utaus halada rotamorkonoM

rkonom ayahac idajnem .kitamo

.c ,lepmas adap hadaw /pareynep leS llec aguj tubesid retemotofortkeps malad

.tevuk nagned

.d HP rotcetedoto igrene idajnem ayahac igrene habugnem kutnu isgnufreb

.kirtsil

.e metsis nagned ipakgnelid nredom retemotofortkeps kutnu ,atad lipmaneP

isasiretupmok .

82

54

VU rtemotofortkeps kutnu nakanugid asaib gnay turaleP - lonate halada siv

.tubesret turalep malad tural tapad awaynes nagnolog nakaynabek anerak %59

gnay anezneb gnudnagnem anerak iradnihid surah sinket lohokla naanuggneP

.kednep VU hareadid pareynem ,ria halada nakanugid gnires gnay nial turaleP

.rete nad ,rete muelortep ,anaskeh ,lonahtem

.3.4.2 retemotofortkepS deR arfnI mrofsnarT reiruoF )RITF(

arfni retemotofortkepS utaus nakapurem harem tala itamagnem gnay

nagned lukelom iskaretni isaidari gamortkele haread adap adareb gnay kiten

57,0 gnabmoleg gnajnap - 000.1 m uata 000.31 gnabmoleg nagnalib - mc 01 -1 .

irtemotofortkeps harem arfni aratna iskaretni nagned natiakreb isaidari ayahac

hareadid harem arfni artkepS .iretam nagned harem arfni awaynes utaus irad

nagned duskamid gnaY .lukelom rutkurts nad naadaek narabmag nakirebmem

id ranis haread harem arfni 87,0 irad ranis artkeps halada - 0001 m akij uata ,

009.21 gnabmoleg nagnalib nautas nagned nakataynid - mc 01 -1 fitnedI . isaki

nakanuggnem nagned lukelom harem arfni naigab ;naigab aud idajnem igabid

0063 hareadid nakkujnutid isgnuf sugug nautnenep amatrep - mc 0021 -1 nad ,

halet gnay taz artkeps irad liatednem araces nakgnidnabmem halada audek naigab

z artkeps nagned iuhatekid gnay isgnuf sugug aumes gnudnagnem gnay inrum ta

.)7891 ,enobreH( amatrep pahat adap nakumetid

naigabmep iraD haread ,sataid tubesret kitengamortkele murtkeps haread

retemotofortkeps tala nakanugid gnay gnabmoleg gnajnap harem arfni halada

haread adap ni harem arf 5,2 gnabmoleg gnajnap adap utiay ,nahagnetrep - 05 m

000.4 gnabmoleg nagnalib adap uata - mc 002 -1 nakanugid gnires gnay nautaS .

92

64

irtemotofortkeps malad harem arfni ( gnabmoleg nagnalib halada v tubesid uata )

j agu resiak .)7002 ,minonA(

irtemotofortkeps edoteM harem arfni nakutnenem kutnu nakanugid )RI(

ayahac isprosba pisnirp iulalem awaynes utaus lanoisgnuf sugug harem arfni helo

.sisilanaid gnay awaynes malad lukelom nakapurem harem arfni irtemotofortkepS

et mota )nakaregrep( isarbiv adap nakrasadid gnay kink - .lukelom malad mota

nautnenep nad lepmas iulalem naklisahid aynmumu adap harem arfni murtkepS

tapmet igrenE .utnetret igrene adap isbrosbaid gnay ranis irad tabika iskarf

gnubuhreb isprosba kaep aynlucnum sugug utaus isarbiv isneukerf nagned na

RI irtemotofortkeps .lukelom utaus malad tapadret gnay rofomork uata isgnuf

sugug nautnenep kutnu nakujutid - fitatilauk sisilana adap lukelom isgnuf sugug

002 ,arakgnawiG( 6 .)

reb lukelom isarbiv nakaynabek irad igrenE arfni haread nagned nagnubuh

,harem arfni murtkeps adap rukuid nad isketedid tapad lukelom isarbiV .harem

kinagro awaynes rutkurts nautnenep kutnu harem arfni murtkeps naanuggnep

056 aratna aynasaib - mc 0004 - 1 4,51( - mc 056 isneukerf hawab id hareaD .)mµ 5,2 -

1 mc 0004 isneukerf sataid haread nad huaj harem arfni nakamanid - 1 nakamanid

isneukerf nautas malad nakataynid tapad napares kacnup kateL .taked harem arfni

mc( gnabmoleg nagnalib uata )mµ( - 1 891 ,idajduS( ) 5 .)

motA - ek malad kadit lukelom malad id mota aynasaib ipatet ,maid naada

.isarbiv awitsirep idajret mota adap gnutnagreb ini laH - nataki nataukek nad mota

,raseb nagnolog aud sata nakgnologid tapad isarbiV .aynnakgnubuhgnem gnay

03

74

( nagnaggner isarbiv : utiay )gnihcterts ( nakokgneb isarbiv nad gnidneb )

)6002 ,arakgnawiG( .

( nagnageR isarbiV .A gnihcertS )

gnay nataki gnajnapes suret karegreb mota ini isarbiv malaD

,aynaudek aratna karaj nahaburep idajret naka aggnihes aynnakgnubuhgnem

macam aud ada nagnager isarbiV .habureb kadit nataki tudus nupualaw

)6002 ,arakgnawiG( .

.1 utas malad haraes nad naamasreb karegreb rutkurts tinu ,irtemiS nagnageR

.ratad gnadib

.2 haraes kadit nad naamasreb karegreb rutkurts tinu ,irtemisA nagnageR

ratad gnadib utas malad hisam ipatet :tukireb rabmag anamiagabeS .

rabmaG 11 . nagnaggneR isarbiV )6002 ,arakgnawiG( .

( nakokgneB isarbiV .B gnidneB )

hibel gnay lukelom haubes irad naigab nakapurem mota agit metsis akiJ

gnay isamrofed isarbiv uata nakokgneb isarbiv naklubminem tapad akam ,raseb

kelom uata mota isaliso ihuragnepmem nakokgneb isarbiV .nahurulesek araces lu

sinej tapme idajnem igabret ini )6002 ,arakgnawiG( .

13

84

.1 ( nagnayoG isarbiV gnikcoR irtemisa nuyagnem karegreb rutkurts tinu ,)

.ratad gnadib malad hisam ipatet

.2 ( nagnitnuG isarbiV gnirossicS agnem karegreb rutkurts tinu ,) irtemis nuy

.ratad gnadib malad hisam nad

.3 ( nasabiK isarbiV gniggaW irad raulek sabignem karegreb rutkurts tinu ,)

.ratad gnadib

.4 ( naritnileP isarbiV gnitsiwT nataki ignililegnem ratupreb rutkurts tinu ,)

id adareb nad kudni lukelom nagned nakgnubuhgnem gnay gnadib malad

.ratad

rabmaG 21 . nakokgneB isarbiV )6002 ,arakgnawiG( .

gnabmoleg gnajnaP harem arfni )RI( gnajnap adapirad kednep hibel

anis gnabmoleg .)VU( ugnu artlu nupuam kapmat r helO uti anerak , kadit RI

naknialem ,nortkele nakisisnartnem upmam lukelom nakbabeynem aynah

,anayadneH( tadap taz uata riac taz apureb tapad asilanaid gnay nakilpuC .rategreb

irtemotofortkeps tala ajrek araC .)4991 harem arfni iagabes naksalejid tapad

23

94

aluM :tukireb - ranis alum harem arfni al nad lepmas iulalem naktawelid natur

nakgnalihgnem kutnu rotamorkonom adap naktawelid naidumek ,gnidnabmep

( naknigniid kadit gnay ranis noitaidar yarts nakisrepsidid naidumek ini sakreB .)

uata amsirp iulalem gnittarg iulalem aynnaktawelem nagneD . tils tubesret ranis ,

ap naksukofid tapad laynis idajnem ranis sakreb habugnem naka gnay rotketed ad

helo makerid ayntujnales gnay kirtsil redrocer .)4891 ,rakpohK( ialin aparebeB

sugug isneukerf - lebat irad tahilid tapad isgnuf sugug 2.

lebaT 2 . suguG isneukerF - isgnuF suguG )8002,otnamreH(

suguG isgnuF

gnabmoleG gnajnaP

mc( isneukerF -1)

O- H lonef/lohoklA sabeb taliskobrak masA takiret gnay H

47,2 - 97,2 07,3 - 0,4

28,2 - 21,3

0853 - 0563 0052 - 0072 0123 - 0553

,remirp animA HN adima nad rednukes

01,6 - 54,6 0413 - 0233

aklA HC an aneklA anuklA kitamorA

73,3 - 05,3 32,3 - 23,3

30,3 03,3 ~

0582 - 0692 0103 - 5903

0033 0303 ~

HC 2 gnidneB 38,6 5641 HC 3 gnidneB 09,6 - 72,7 0541 - 5731

anuklA CC aneklA kitamorA

24,4 - 67,4 59,5 -6 61,

52,6 ~

0912 - 0622 0261 - 0861 5741 - 0061

dihedlA O=C noteK masA retsE adirdihnA

57,5 - 18,5 97,5 - 79,5 97,5 - 78,5 17,5 - 68,5 25,5 - 86,5

0271 - 0471 5761 - 5271 0071 - 5271 0271 - 0571 0671 - 1811

tirtiN NC 53,4 - 00,5 0002 - 0003 ON 2 ortiN 60,6 - 76,6 0051 - 0561

33

05

irtemotofortkeps natalarep tinu nupadA harem arfni metsis itupilem

:tukireb iagabes natalarep

.a rebmuS isaidarI

isaidarI harem arfni .ralubolG nad tsnreN rajimep helo naklisahid aynasaib

kapurem ralubolG rajimeP uhus aggnih isanapid gnay adibrak nokilis gnatab na

0021 0 nakracnamem aggnihes ,C isaidari 1 jharead adap unitnok -4 m . rajimeP

gnay adisko muiretty nad muinokris irad gnukec gnatab nakapurem tsnreN

0051 uhus aggnih isanapid 0 sura nagned C .kirtsil

.b rotamorkonoM

tala ,raulek halec nad kusam halec metsis irad iridret rotamorkonoM

kutnu nimrec aparebeb nad ,amsirp uata iskarfid isik apureb gnay isrepsidnep

.ranis sakreb naksukofmem nad naklutnamem

.c rotketeD

nem nredom tala irad raseb naigabeS .sanap rotketed nakanugg rotketeD

ranis isketednem kutnu sanap harem arfni les nad retemolob ,epokomret ,utiay

naklubmitid gnay nasanamep kefe nakrasadreb ajrekeb ini rotketed agiteK .yaloG

ranis harem arfni . retemotofortkeps margaiD harem arfnI ilid tapad adap tah

rabmag 01 :ini hawab id

1 rabmaG 3. ,nednesseF dna nednesseF( harem arfnI retemotofortkepS margaiD)6891

43

15

taubid gnay rBK telep kinket nakanugid natadap apureb lepmas kutnU

lad rBK latsirk nagned lepmas nakilpuc nakubmut narupmac nakenem nagned ma

.narapsnart telep kutnebret aggnih licek halmuj hibel naka nad gnirek surah rBK

aynidajret hagecnem kutnu RI upmal hawab id nakukalid nakubmunep alib kiab

.refsomta irad pau isasnednok nakkatelid naidumek tubesret sipit nakilpuc telbaT

eps les tapmet id bul nagned RI retemotofortk rebmus ek haragnem gna isaidari

)4991 ,anayadneH(

lepmaS gnay adap nakseloid ria sabeb lepmas ,riac taz apureb wodniw

nakukalid ayntujnaleS .retemotofortkeps les adap gnasapid naidumek ,rBK

helorepid aggnihes napares narukugnep kacnup - iagabes lanoisgnuf sugug kacnup

.lepmas lukelom rutkurts kujnutep retemotofortkeps edoteM harem arfni malad

sugug nad nataki rutkurts kitsiretkarak nakutnenem kutnu nakanugid ini naitilenep

.kutnebret gnay natadap isgnuf

.4.2 4 . argotamorhC saG ph aM y yrtemortcepS ss CG( - )SM

nakhasipret lepmas anamid ,asilana edotem halada sag ifargotamorK

lukelom idajnem kisif araces - assam irtemortkeps nakgnadeS .licek hibel lukelom

noi idajnem habuid naka sisilanaid gnay lepmas anamid ,sisilana edotem halada -

nsag noi noi irad assam nad ay - isketed lisah nakrasadreb rukuid tapad tubesret noi

.assam murtkeps apureb

lepmaS - CG nagned sisilanaid gnay lepmas - hunemem surah SM tarays i -

:tukireb iagabes tarays

.1 .C°004 hibel gnaruk uhus aggnih nakpauid tapaD

.2 s lamret araceS .)C°004 uhus adap isisopmokedret kadit( libat

53

25

.3 lepmaS - gnay isaraperp pahat iulalem haletes asilanaid tapad aynnial lepmas

.susuhk

.A pisnirP CG - SM

hidid kitit nagned nariac( maid esaf nad kareg esaf aratna assam refsnarT

lukelom alib idajret )iggnit - lom irop malad id paresret narupmac luke - ,lekitrap irop

nagnubuhreb molok malad id utnetret turalret taz lukelom utaus nahadniprep ujal

lukelom naigab nagned - akiJ .maid esaf nad kareg esaf aratnaid tubesret lukelom

akam ,fitkeles araces nanahanep naadebrep ada gnisam - naka nenopmok gnisam

kitsiretkarak adap gnutnagreb gnay ujal nagned molok gnajnapes karegreb

gnisam - gnisam ,idajret nahasimep akiJ .napareynep gnisam - nenopmok gnisam

91 ,rakpohK( adebreb gnay utkaw lavretni adap molok irad raulek 48 .)

eted malad iD nagned ridrabmobid sag naadaek malad lepmas ,rotk

isasinoi laisnetop nakhalagnem kutnu iggnit pukuc igrenereb gnay nortkele

utas halas nad kinagro lukelom haubes aratna nakarbaT .utnetret awaynes amatrep

aubes aynsapel nakbabeynem iggnit igrenereb nortkele uti lukelom irad nortkele h

helo naklisahid gnay kinagro noI .kinagro noi utaus aynkutnebret nad

idajnem hacep nad libats kadit ini iggnit igrenereb nortkele ridrabmobmep

noi nupuam sabeb lakidar kutnebreb kiab ,licek nemgarf - nednesseF( nial noi dna

nesseF ned .)6891 ,

nad nortkele utas nagnalihek nagned pau apureb lukelom irad isasinoI

tubesret lukelom ,nial sesorp nad fitisop nataumreb lukelom noi kutnebret

.fitagen nataumreb lakidar noi kutnebmem ,nortkele pakgnanem

MM e + MM e -

63

35

01 halada nortkele utas naksapelem kutnu nakulrepid gnay nortkele sakeb igrenE -

kutnebmem naka kadit Ve 01 irad gnaruk igrene akij ,uti anerak helO .Ve 51

noi nemgarf - utas naksutumem tapad Ve 51 irad raseb hibel igrene ipatet ,noi

uata nataki .)5891 ,idajduS( lukelom noi adap hibel

.B naigaB CG - SM

isatnemurtsni naigaB CG - SM : tukireb iagabes

.a ( sag narila rutagneP rellortnoC wolF saG 1 ratikes rutaid nanakeT .) - mta 4

1 rutaid narila nakgnades - sag halada kareg esaF .tinem rep sag L 0001

y ,awabmep N ,eH halada nakanugid mizal gnilap gna 2 H , 2 kutnu ipatet ,rA ,

gnay aynsativitkudnok anerak iakusid hibel eH ,lamret sativitkudnok rotketed

isireb rednilis utaus adap uluhad hibel nakrilaid awabmep sag ,iggnit

imatnok aynada gniraynem kutnu eveis relukelom .rotognep isan

.b ( lepmas iskejni tapmeT rotcejnI orkim utaus nagned nakiskejniid lepmaS .)

egnirys .sanap gnay magol katok malad ek nokilis terak mutpes utaus iulalem

5,0 rasikreb lepmas aynkaynaB - .Lµ 01

.c amork sesorp ayngnusgnalreb tapmeT .ifargotamork moloK molok ,ifargot

mumu gnay naruku ,isignep nahab nad naruku malad isairav ikilimem

malad retemaidreb nad ikak 6 gnajnapes 41 agabmet gnubat irad taubret ,icni

tadap nahab utaus nagned isiid gnubaT .larips kutnebreb ,tarak nahat ajab uata

libats surah ini nariaC .treni fitaler gnay raseb naakumrep saul nagned sulah

nahasimep kutnu iauses surah nad gnaur rutarepmet adap litalovnon nad

.utnetret

73

45

.d ecafretnI nagned SM ek CG irad lepmas nakmirignem kutnu isgnufreB .

lepmas nagnalihek naklaminimem .namirignep taas

.e ( noi rebmuS ecruoS noI gnay lukelom irad isasinoi sesorp aynidajret tapmet ,)

noi kutnebret nad nortkele utas nagnalihek naka tubesret lukelom ,pau apureb

nortkele utas pakgnanem lukelom ,nial sesorP .fitisop nataumreb lukelom

gen nataumreb .fita

.f ( mukav apmoP pmuP muucaV nad ignarugnem kutnu iggnit mukav apmoP .)

hadner mukav apmop nad sisilana taas SM adap nanaket naknahatrepmem

.SM raul aradu nanaket ignarugnem kutnu

.g ( assam sisilanagneP rezylanA ssaM noi nakhasimem kutnu tala nanusuS .) - noi

d sisilanagneP .adebreb gnay nataum padahret assam nagnidnabrep nagne

tapad atres licek gnay assam hisiles nakadebmem tapad surah assam

.iggnit gnay noi sura naklisahgnem

.h nenopmok padahret akeP .rotketeD - malad id nakhasipret gnay nenopmok

ugnem atres molok aynhamel tauK .kirtsil laynis idajnem aynnaakepek hab

isartnesnok adap nakub nad lepmas assam narila ujal adap gnutnagreb laynis

.gnajnunep sag lepmas

rabmaG 14 CG rilA margaiD . - SM .

83

55

III BAB

NAITILENEP IGOLODOTEM

naitileneP tapmeT nad utkaW .1.3

ini naitileneP iluJ nalub adap nakanaskalid - rebotkO naitileneP .0102

nad potosI igolonkeT isakilpA tasuP id tapmetreb idarI isa aganeT nadaB )RITAP(

nataleS atrakaJ tamuJ rasaP )NATAB( lanoisaN rilkuN nagnaP muirotarobaL nad

.atrakaJ hallutayadiH firayS NIU udapreT muirotarobaL tasuP

nahaB nad talA .2.3

talA - rotaidari ,aremak utiay ,ini naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay tala

mmaG retemotofortkeps ,AKRI a syseneG ,nevo ,rotabukni ,reyemnelrE ,tevuk ,02

deR arfnI mrofsnarT reiruoF )RITF( enO murtcepS remlE nikreP , saG

argotamorhC p retemortcepS ssaM CG( - 0102 PQ uzdamihS )SM , rP iniM nieto -

,ottA krem siserofortkelE leG Hp naH krem retem ,sumkal satrek ,tnemurtsni an

,iskaer gnubat ,ruku ubal ,egufirtnes ,ruku saleg ,ruku tepip ,sketrov ,ssalg rekaerb

,ratrom ,XAER 5412ET suirotraS kitilana nagnabmit ,etalp toh nad niras nag

)hsem 001( mm 2,0 narukureb

nahaB - enep malad nakanugid gnay nahab tingil arabutab halada ,ini naitil

gnapak talosi ,nataleS aretamuS irad muillicineP nisearuK helo iskeles lisah .ps

muidem ,)9002( htorB esortxeD duaruobaS ( BDS ) ONH ,1.oN namtahW satrek , 3

takep , radnats natural ,rBK telep nimublA mureS enivoB HOaN ,)ASB( , natural

yrwoL I ( aN 2 OC 3 OSuC ,%7,2 tatrat aNK ,N 1,0 HOaN malad %2 4 )%2 nad

93

65

yrwoL II ( nad niloF sedauqa 1:1 ,) negaer EGAP SDS siserofortkele naripmaL(

,)4 nietorp rekram radnats daroiB .sedauka nad

doteM .3.3 o naitileneP igol

iliretS nad napaisreP .1.3.3 talA isas

talA - saleg tala nakanugid gnay nakhisrebid , liretsid ulal nak nagned

Cº121 uhus adap falkotua nakanuggnem adap nanaket mta 1 .tinem 51 amales

.%07 lohokla nakanuggnem nagned nakliretsid sanap nahat kadit gnay natalareP

utaB kubreS napaisreP .2.3.3 arab

sinej agit irad iridret ini naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay tingil lepmaS

apnat tingil( hatnem tingil utiay ,tingil isaidari )namasagnep nad lortnok iagabes ,

lisah tingil isaidari irad tapadid hatnem tingiL .namasagnep lisah tingil nad

id nagnabmatrep hatnem tingiL .nataleS aretamuS naksulahid ulal ,ratrom nagned

nakanuggnem gnirasid nagniras )mm 2,0 irad gnaruk( hsem 07 naruku nagned

.arabutab kubres idajnem aggnih

3.3 3. . isaidarI tingiL ammaG raniS nagned

kubreS tingil gnabmitid s g 5 kaynabes malad ek nakkusamid ayntujnale

kitsalp neliteylop nakanuggnem nagned pututid nad relaes . arabutaB ulal

id isaidari nagned sisod 1 yGk 0 amales tinem 03 id rotaidari AKRI - isakilpA tasuP

nad potosI igolonkeT isaidarI .NATAB )RITAP(

d arabutaB namasagneP .4.3.3 ONH( tartiN masA nagne 3)

ek arabutab lekitrap nakhabmanem arac nagned nakukalid masa naukalreP

amales isabukniid nad )tartin masa Lm/arabutab g 2( tartin masa L/lom 8,0 malad

sedauqa nakanuggnem nagned nakukalid naicucneP .gnaur uhus adap maj 2104

75

iapmas Hp .larten idajnem tartlif satrek nakanuggnem nagned Hp narukugneP

.sumkal uhus adap nevo nagned nakgnirekid namasagnep lisah arabutab lekitraP

06 o 4 uhus adap nignidnep adap napmisid ulal nad maj 84 amales C o iapmas C

naabocrep kutnu nakanugid kadneh bulosoib .arabutab isasili

.3.3 5 muideM nataubmeP . ( BDS htorB esortxeD duaruobaS )

malad ek nakkusamid naidumek tsedauqa L 1 malad BDS g 03 gnabmitiD

gnisam Lm 052 reyemnelrE 3 - nagned putut id ayntujnales Lm 001 gnisam

121 talkotuaid nad liof muinumula o amales C .tinem 51

.3.3 6 . iskudorP tcartxE edurC relulesartskE miznE muillicineP .ps

talosI muillicineP .ps adap isabukniid ,irtep nawac adap nakajamerid gnay

lirets sedauqa Lm 5 kaynabeS .arops naklisahgnem iapmas gnaur uhus

eb gnay irtep nawac malad ek nakkusamid arops mulukoni isir muillicineP ps . ulal ,

arops mulukoni Lm 1 kaynabeS .eso nautnab nagned sapelid arops muillicineP .ps

muidem Lm 03 isireb gnay reyemnelrE gnubat malad ek nakkusamid DBS .

naidumeK em malad ek nakkusamid hatnem tingil arabutab %2 kaynabes , muid

tubesret anerak muillicineP ps . .arabutab aynada nagned hubmut isabukniid rutluK

)mm 54,0( retlif narbmem nagned gnirasid rutluK .irah 7 amales gnaur uhus adap

natural nad afih nakhasimem kutnu tcartxe edurc .relulesartke mizne ulaL

ukalid ayntujnales SDS siserofortkele nak - mizne iuhategnem kutnu EGAP - mizne

.isasilibulosoib malad narepreb gnay

14

85

.3.3 7 satitnauK sisilanA . tcartxE edurC relulesartskE miznE muillicineP .ps

.yrwoL edoteM nagned

nad 1 yrwoL natural Lm 5,2 nakhabmatid Lm 5,0 kaynabes lepmaS

Lm 52,0 nakhabmatid naidumeK .tinem 01 amales gnaur uhus adap isabukniid

.tinem 03 amales gnaur uhus adap isabukniid nad sketrovid ,II yrwoL natural

VU retemotofortkeps nagned narukugnep nakukalid naidumeK - gnajnap adap siv

abid nad mn 057 gnabmoleg akgnidn radnats natural nagned n mureS nivoB

nimublA ( ASB ). satitnauk narukugneP tcartxe edurc relulesartske mizne

muillicineP radak anamid utkaw nakutnenem kutnu irah 7 amales nakukalid ps

.naklisahid iggnitret nietorp

.8.3.3 elE nagned relulesartskE miznE kitsiretkaraK siserofortk

nagned siserofortkele iulalem nakukalid relulesartske mizne isasiretkaraK

SDS nakanuggnem - :nial aratna nakukalid gnay ajrek napahat nupadA .EGAP

.1 lepmas isaraperP

ulal lepmas reffub lµ 05 nakhabmatid natanrepus lµ 03 kaynabeS

us adap naksanapid 59 uh sufirtnesid lepmas naidumeK .tinem 01 amales C°

.tinem 01 amales mpr 0006 nagned

.2 siserofortkele leg isaraperP

.a gnitarapeS leg )%01(

nagned nakrupmacid % 03 dimalyrcA lm 6 kaynabeS gnitarapes

reffub leg sirT 5,1( - naidumek lm 5,4 kaynabes )8,8 Hp ,lCH sedibauka

,lµ 05 SDS ,lm 5,7 etaflusrep muinoma DEMET nad lm 80,0 )SPA(

.lm 10,0

24

95

.b leg gnikcatS )%54(

nagned nakrupmacid % 03 dimalyrcA lm 9,0 kaynabeS gnitarapes

reffub leg sirT 5,1( - sedibauka naidumek lm 5,1 kaynabes )8,8 Hp ,lCH

,lµ 52 SDS ,lm 6,3 muinoma etaflusrep DEMET nad lm 20,0 )SPA(

.lm 10,0

.3 siserofortkelE sesorP

haleteS leg gnitarapes imed tikides nakkusamid naidumek ,taubid

nakhabmatid ulal ,tepiporkim nagned siserofortkele tala malad ek tikides

nakatarem kutnu sedauka leg gnitarapes teS .tubesret leg gnitarapes hale

nakkusamid nad gnaubid sedauka ,ukebmem leg gnikcats ,tikides imed tikides

aggnih nakraibid nad molok kutnebmep risis gnasapid ulal leg gnikcats

.takgnaid risis naidumek ukebmem

natural lm 006 kaynabeS reffub gninnur at malad nakkusamid ikgn

molok malad ek nakkusamid lµ 01 kaynabes lepmas naidumeK .siserofortkele

nad tloV 002 natapecek nagned siseroforkeleid ulal kutnebret hadus gnay leg

urib anraw aggnih uata maj 2 iapmas 1 gnaruk hibel amales Am 04 sura tauk

lepmas adap adnanep iagabes .leg hawab satab iapacnem

nagned ianrawid ulal takgnaid leG eulb eissamooc noitulos gniniats R-

natural nagned icucid leG.maj 42 amales hibel gnaruk 052 gniniatsed gnay

hibel gnaruk sedauka nad % 5,7 tatesa masa ,% 04 lonahtem sata iridret

P .maj 42 amales halet gnay nietor gniniatsedid naidumek nacsid asilanaid nad

nagned egamI.baL iagabes )rotkaF isneteR( FR ialin nakutnenem kutnu

.aynlukelom tareb nad naklisahid gnay nietorp liforp irad isatneserper

34

06

.3.3 9. nagned arabutaB isasilibulosoiB tcartxE edurC nE relulesartskE miz

muillicineP .ps

gnisam nakhabmatid Lm 001 reyemnelrE 52 nakpaisiD - Lm 03 gnisam

.reyemnelrE malad ek tsedauqa ,namasagnep lisah tingil nakhabmatid naidumeK

lisah tingil isaidari gnisam )lortnok( hatnem tingil nad ,yGk 01 - malad ek gnisam 7

nakhabmatiD .g 51,0 kaynabes reyemnelrE tcartxe edurc relulesartske mizne

.Lm 3 kaynabes malad ek nakkusamiD rotabucni gnikahs 021 natapecek nagned

mpr ek tinem adap nakukalid rutluk lepmas nakilpucneP .maj utas amales ,01 ,0

,02 .06 nad ,05 ,04 ,03 umeK naksanapid naid ria sagnanep nakanuggnem adap

05 uhus 0C kited aparebeb amales ayntujnaleS .mizne iskaer nakitnehgnem kutnu

nad napadne naktapadnem kutnu 1 .oN namtahW satrek nagned gnirasid

CG sisilana nakukalid natanrepus kutnU .natanrepus - VU nad SM - siv nakgnades

55 uhus adap nevo id ayntujnales napadne o kutnu naknignidid naidumek C

.RITF sisilana nakukalid

.01.3.3 sisilanA kudorP isasilibulosoiB

.a narukugneP Hp

narukugneP Hp namasaek tajared nahaburep iuhategnem kutnu naujutreb

.lepmas rukuid lepmaS ialin Hp nakanuggnem nagned Hp .retem ayntujnaleS

.aynnahaburep kifarg taubid

.b VU sisilanA - siv

tingil arabutab isasilibulosoib lisaH sisilanaid retemotofortkeps nagned

VU - gnay ria apureb oknalB .mn 045 nad mn 042 gnabmoleg gnajnap nagned siv

ynah gnudnagnem .mizne apnat arabutab lekitrap a

.c CG sisilanA - SM 44

16

.1 lepmas isaraperP

gnisam ,1:1 nagnidnabrep nagned nakrupmacid turalep nad natanrepuS -

: anaskeh : anezneb halada nakanugid gnay turaleP .lm 5 kaynabes gnisam

et narupmaC .1:1:3 nagnidnabrep nagned rete liteid ek nakkusamid tubesr

gnoroc malad hasip id ulal kocok nakmaidid naidumek rupmacreb iapmas

iakapid sata esaf ,hawab nad sata esaf kutnebret iapmas taas aparebeb

awaynes radak nakutnenem nad awaynes sinej isakifitnedignem kutnu

arabutab isasilibulosoib lisah .tingil

.2 sisilanA

nagned libmaid )sata nasipal( lepmas Lm 1 egnirysorcim nakiskejniid nad

CG malad ek - 2 .PQ SM 10 gnay nahasimep isidnoK .napaJ uzdamihS 0

halada lepmas sisilana malad nakanugid 2 lebat malad tapadret itrepes

.ini tukireb

lebaT 3. anA isidnoK CG sisil - SM .

isakifisepS nagnareteK tala epiT CG - 0102PQ SM

moloK XTR( - tseR )SM1 ex molok sineJ ralop noN

maid asaF %001 enaxolis lyhtemiloP kareg asaF muileH narila latoT 2,61 Lm tinem/ molok narilA 02,1 Lm tinem/

narila lortnok edoM enil natapeceK ra natapeceK raenil kited/mc 0,04 molok uhuS 0,06 0C

iskejni uhuS 0,052 0C uhuS rotceted C0,062

iskejni edoM tilpS lavretnI kited 05,0

lawa z/m 00,04 rihka z/m 00,006

54

26

.d RITF sisilanA

gil isgnuf sugug nahaburep iuhategnem kutnu nakukalid RITF sisilanA tin

lortnok , tingil nad namasagnep lisah lisah tingil isaidari haduses nad mulebes

helo isasilibulos sesorp tcartxe edurc gnapak relulesartske mizne muillicineP .ps

naukalreparp nagned nupuam lortnok kiab ,tingil arabutab napadne hibelret

taubid uluhad lep tel .001 : 1 oisar nagned rBK malad nakukalid ayntujnaleS

gninnacs 0004 gnabmoleg gnajnap adap - mc 005 -1 mc 4 isuloser nagned -1 .

ajreK amekS .11.3.3

64

36

VI BAB

NAD LISAH NASAHABMEP

.1.4 paK relulesartskE miznE isasiretkaraK nagned .ps muillicineP gna

SDS siserofortkele - EGAP

SDS siserofortkele lisaH - kitsiretkarak narabmag naktahilrepmem EGAP

mizne muillicineP ps . . siserofortkelE iuhategnem tapad mizne )MB( lukelom tareb

.relulesartske SDS sisilana lisah iraD - naktapadid EGAP mizne kitsiretkaraK

muillicineP ps . sata iridret ningil esadiskorep nagned MB 3 aratna rasikreb 8-47

k aD , esadiskorep nagnam nagned MB aratna rasikreb 83 - 05 k aD nad esakal

aratna rasikreb MB nagned 35 - 011 kDa rathkA( la te aguj isketedreT .)7991 ,.

nietorp y aynkitsiretkarak iuhatekid muleb gna ( MB = 9,711 ; 3,33 ; 3,13 ; 1,62 ; 7,32 ;

0,12 nad 8,81 k aD ) . mizne kitsiretkaraK - SDS lisah relulesartske mizne - EGAP

1 rabmag adap tahilid tapad 5.

.51 rabmaG margerofortkelE tcartxE edurC nE relulesartskE mizmuillicineP .ps daroiB rekraM radnatS nagned

47 84

46

relulesartske mizne fitatilauk naijugnep lisaH muillicineP .ps adap

helo nakukalid gnay aynmulebes naitilenep adirE gnay lisah nakkujnunem ,)0102(

kutnu fitisop mizne ayntapadret esakal orep , esadiskorep nagnam nad ,esadisk

miznE .)PnM( - isasilibulosoib sesorp malad tabilret gnay relulesartske mizne

,esakal ,esaretse ,esadiskorep halada arabutab esadiskorep nagnam ningil nad

miznE .esadiskorep - skelpmok awaynes hacemem kutnu narepreb ini mizne

em rebmus iagabes nakanugid naidumek ,anahredes hibel gnay awaynes idajn

adrobaL( gnapak nahubmutrep kutnu igrene la te asoukaF ;9991 ,. dna ,rethcirfoH

.)9991

4.2 ialiN . Hp muideM soiB arabutaB isasilibulo

N iali Hp muidem isasilibulos sesorp uggnem nagned nakan tcartxe edurc

gnapak relulesartske mizne muillicineP .ps naklisahgnem Hp gnay reb fitautkulf

aratna rasikreb 3,3 - 9,4 1 rabmaG( 6 .) Hp muidem tingil nad lortnok lisah tingil

isaidari nairebmep haletes nanurunep imalagnem tcartxe edurc nakgnades mizne

il .nakianek imalagnem namasagnep lisah ting Hp lortnok muidem gnurednec

ats nad namasagnep lisah tingil Hp nagned nakgnidnabid alib renois isaidari . Hp

lisah tingil muidem isaidari imalagnem nakianek ek tinem aggnih -3 nad 0

ialin ayntujnales nanurunep idajret ialin nakianek nad Hp nakifingis kadit gnay

ek tinem iapmas - .06 lisaH tingil naukalrep adap nakkujnutid adebreb lisah

ialin anamid namasagnep Hp gnurednec imalagnem nanurunep a irad isabukni law

ek tinem aggnih - ek tinem adap nakianek imalagnem naidumek 03 -4 nad 0

ek tinem aggnih Hp nakianek idajret ayntujnales - .06

84

56

1 rabmaG 6. isabuknI utkaW nagned namasaeK tajareD aratnA nagnubuH)ammag isaidari nad namasagnep apnat tingil=lortnok(

nakianek ledom sisetopiH adap tahilid tapad Hp ialin nanurunep nad

rabmag 17. Hp nanuruneP isasilibulosoib sesorp isadarged irad lisah nakapurem

PnM( tartsbus nagned natakireb gnay PnM miznE .PnM mizne helo arabutab -

nM helo iskuderid naka )1 awaynes +2 PnM idajnem - naklisahgnem II awaynes

nM +3 nM . +3 adiskognem naka naklisahid gnay OC naklisahgnem nad tartsbus is 2

masa nad - lemmaH( muidem Hp naknurunem aggnihes kinagro masa la te . 991 , 7 .)

masa hotnoC - halada isasilibulosoib sesorp malad naklisahid gnay kinagro masa

ka idajret tapad Hp nanurunep uti nialeS .tavluf nad tamuh ,tamrof masa tabi

tabika muidem malad ek arabutab ruflus aynsapel taflus noi kutneb malad riac

OS( 42- 6991 ,lemmaH( taflus masa kutnebret aggnihes ) ) nad aynkutnebret

esadiskorep ningil mizne irad isadarged tabika kilonef awaynes .

isahid anerak idajret Hp natakgnineP lisah irad ainomma awaynes aynnakl

ip isadarged .arabutab adap nidir nicnic aynakubret anerak naklisahid ainommA

uD( ainomma nad lonatnep idajnem nidirip ,.la te .)0102 gnay ainommA

muinomma kutnebmem ria nagned iskaereb nad muidem malad tural kutnebret

dih HN( adiskor 4 )HO gniY( ,.la te .)0102

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07Hp

isabuknI utkaW

lortnok

masa

isaidar

94

66

1 rabmaG 7. adap Hp nakianeK nad nanuruneP iskaeR ledoM sisetopiHtingil isasilibulosoiB sesorP

ini naitilenep adap naklisahid gnay Hp Hp ialin adap adareb kadit

nar adap aynah mumitpo Hp eg ningil nad esadiskorep nagnam ,esakal mizne irad

.esadiskorep Hp isidnoK mumitpo esakal mizne 5,3 aratna rasikeb - ,7 giL nin

aratna rasikreb esadiskorep 5,2 - nad 0,3 aratna rasikreb esadiskorep nagnam 0,4 -

rathkA( 5,4 .la te nakgnadeS .)7991 , egnar ne Hp 0,2 aratna rasikreb esakal miz -

0,2 aratna rasikreb esadiskorep ningil ,5,8 - rasikreb esadiskorep nagnam nad 0,5

0,2 aratna - 0,6 )9991 ,rethcirfoH dna assoukaF( .

.4 3 . VU retemotofortkepS nagned isasilibulosoiB lisaH sisilanA - siv

sesorP oib utab isasilibulos aynisasilibulos takgnit itamaid tapad arab

snabrosba nagned i lepmas adap λ mn052 nad )kapmat kat ranis( λ mn054 anis( r

.)kapmat nahilimeP λ mn052 nahilimep nad kilonef awaynes aynada rukugnem kutnu

λ mn054 halada adap isagujnokret nataki aynada rukugnem kutnu kitamora awaynes

VU retemotofortkeps nakanuggnem nagned rukuid ini sisilanA .arabutab - siv

ivleS( nad ,ejrenaB 2891 ). lisah irad natanrepus naijugnep fitatilauk araceS

snabrosba naadebreP .aynsnabrosba ialin nakutnenem nagned rukuid isabukni i

05

76

da nakkujnunem isasilibulosoib uata isadarged takgnit adap naadebrep ayna

helo arabutab gnapak relulesartske mizne muillicineP ..ps

snabrosba ialiN λ i mn052 nad λ mn054 gnapak isatnemref lisah natanrepus irad

adap 20,1 iapmas 85,0 aratna ialinreb isabukni amales λ mn052 nad iapmas 540,0

502,0 adap λ4 mn05 . isnabrosba ialiN λ2 mn05 nakgnidnabid iggnit hibel λ4 mn05 . laH

nakbabesid tubesret ed aynkaynab malad turalret gnay kitamora awaynes isadarg

.kilonef awaynes idajnem natanrepus

1 rabmag iraD 8 adap awhab tahilid tapad λ2 mn05 , rosba ialiN nab tingil is

nanurunep imalagnem lortnok adap ek tinem - ialin nakianek imalagnem nad 01

ek tinem aggnih isnabrosba -30 ayntujnales nanurunep imalagnem suret nad

ek tinem aggnih - .06 ialiN lisah tingil isnabrosba isaidari imalagnem nakianek

adap ek tinem - nad 01 imalagnem nanurunep isnabrosba ialin aggnih ek tinem - .05

ek tinem adaP - isaidari lisah tingil isnabrosba ialin 06 .nakianek imalagnem amaS

,lortnok tingil nagned aynlah lisah tingil namasagnep imalagnem ialin nakianek

lawa irad isnabrosba ek tinem iapmas isabukni - 02 ayntujnales ek tinem aggnih - ,06

idajret .isnabrosba ialin isautkulf

esid isnabrosba ialin isautkulF mizne nakbab - relulesartske mizne

amitpo araces ajrekeb muleb ningil isadargednep gnay rotkaf anerak l

lamitpo Hp adap adareb kadit ,Hp itrepes ,mizne ajrek ihuragnepmem aynah ,

Hp egnar adap adareb mizne irad - tubesret relulesartske mizne . Hp isidnoK

mitpo la esakal mizne aratna rasikeb 5,3 -7 , giL esadiskorep nin aratna rasikreb 5,2 -

nad 0,3 esadiskorep nagnam aratna rasikreb 0,4 - rathkA( 5,4 .la te .)7991 ,

nakgnadeS egnar 0,2 aratna rasikreb esakal mizne Hp - esadiskorep ningil ,5,8

15

86

0,2 aratna rasikreb - gnam nad 0,5 0,2 aratna rasikreb esadiskorep na - 0,6 assoukaF(

)9991 ,rethcirfoH dna

1 rabmaG 8. λ isnabrosbA aratnA nagnubuH mn052 isabuknI utkaW nagned ;ammag isaidari nad namasagnep apnat ,lortnok tingil=052K(

sagnep lisah tingil=052A nad ;isaidari lisah tingil=052R .)nama

isasilibulosoib sesorp helo nakbabesid isnabrosba ialin natakgnineP

turalret arabutab idajnem iaruid gnay tadap arabutab . arabutab malad anamiD

kutnebret tubesret turalret lisah lonef awaynes oib gnay ningil awaynes isasilibulos

nenopmok nakapurem arabutab nusuynep rasebret naklisahid gnay lonef awayneS .

isadarged irad tabika nakapurem upmam gnay esadiskorep ningil mizne

C nataki gnotomem nagned kilonef non tinu isadiskognem α-Cβ ningil lukelom

)6991 ,lemmaH( . tapad esadiskorep ningil mizne helo ningil isadarged iskaeR

1 rabmag adap tahilid 9.

OH

HO

HO

O CHO

OH

LiP

1 rabmaG 9. esadiskoreP ningiL miznE helo ningiL isadargeD iskaeR )6991 ,lemmaH(

02,04,06,08,012,1

0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07

isnabrosbA

isabuknI utkaW

052K

052R

052A

25

96

ba ialin nanuruneP kutnebret halet gnay lonef awaynes nakbabesid isnabros

idajnem naiarugneP .anahredes hibel gnay awaynes idajnem ilabmek iaruid

awaynes - awaynes isadiskognem nagned ialumid anahredes hibel gnay awaynes

tartsbus iskaer irad naklisahid gnay lonef - ningil mizne mizne helo esadiskorep

tartsbus iskaer irad naklisahid gnay kudorp naidumeK .esakal - esakal mizne

hibel gnay awaynes idajnem esadiskorep nagnam mizne helo ilabmek isadiskoid

rabmag adap tahilret itrepes ayniskaeR .anahredes 02 .ini hawab id

rabmaG 02 . PnM nad esakaL miznE helo loneF awayneS isadiskO iskaeR zereP( .la te )2002 ,

VU nagned natanrepus sisilana lisaH - λ adap siv mn054 rabmag adap tahilret

21 . ek tinem adap isnabrosba ialin nanurunep imalagnem lortnok tingiL - 01 nad

ek tinem aggnih isnabrosba ialin nakianek imalagnem - 03 t nad isautkulf idajre

isnabrosba ialin ek tinem aggnih - 06 . tingil ,lortnok tingil nagned aynlah amaS

lisah isaidari imalagnem nanurunep isnabrosba ialin adap ek tinem - haletes nad 01

nek idajret uti ek tinem aggnih isnabrosba ialin nakia - 04 ialin nanurunep idajret .

ek tinem adap isnabrosba - ek tinem adap isnabrosba ialin nakianek nad 05 - .06

tingiL nakianek idajret anamid adebreb gnay lisah nakkujnunem namasagnep lisah

ek tinem aggnih isnabrosba ialin -20 ad n lin nanurunep imalagnem isnabrosba ia

ek tinem adap - iraD .03 ek tinem - ek aggnih 04 - t ,06 ialin isautkulf idajre

.isnabrosba

35

07

2 rabmaG 1. λ isnabrosbA aratna nagnubuH mn054 .isabuknI utkaW nagnedmmag isaidari nad namasagnep apnat ,lortnok tingil=054K( ;a

.)namasagnep lisah tingil=054A nad ;isaidari lisah tingil=054R

isnabrosba ialin nakianeK awaynes anerak idajret - itrepes awaynes masa

arabutab naakumrep adap ada gnay tamuh isadargedret mizne helo - mizne

malad tapadret gnay relulesartske tcartxe edurc m muidem malad ek turale

awaynes nagnudnak aggnihes - ialin nanuruneP .iggnit isagujnokret awaynes

tujnal hibel isadargedid kutnebret gnay tamuh masa anerak nakbabesid isnabrosba

anurut isnatsbus kutnebmem n nataki naiarugnep iulalem tavluf masa utiay ,ayn

ujnok nusuynep nakapurem gnay anesatfan anamid kitamora awaynes adap isag

el gnay awaynes idajnem iarauret tamuh masa amatu itrepes anahredes hib

anelatfan )7991 ,miK dna artslyZ( halada ayniskaeR . rabmag adap itrepes 22

.ini hawabid

naftasena

HO COO-

OHO OH

COO-

O

OH

CHO

OH

COO-

OH

OH

OCOO-

OH

OH

COO-O

rabmaG 22 )7991 ,miK dna artslyZ( anesatfaN isadargeD iskaeR . .

050,01,051,02,052,0

0 05 001

isnabrobA

isabuknI utkaW

054K

054R

054A

45

17

.4 4. lisaH nagneD isasilibulosoiB kudorP sisilanA RITF

ugug isakifitnedi halada ayntukireb sisilanA nakanuggnem nagned isgnuf s

TF .RI halada nakanugid gnay lepmaS napadne lisah lepmas VU sisilana - adap siv

λ mn052 bret isnabrosba ialin nagned lortnok tingil utiay ,rase isabukni utkaw adap

ek tinem - ek tinem adap ammag isaidari lisah tingil ,03 - sah tingil nad 02 li

ek tinem adap namasagnep - .05 ini sisilanA isasiretkarakgnem kutnu nakanugid

l hatnem tingi )lortnok( aukalrep irebid halet gnay tingil nad sesorp kutnu n

isasilibulosoib helo tcartxe edurc esartske mizne gnapak relul muillicineP .ps .

RITF lisah agiteK tubesret tingil RITF lisah nagned nakgnidnabid ayntujnales

lisah tingil ,lortnok ari isaid mulebes namasagnep lisah tingil nad ammag

isasilibulosoib nakukalid rabmag adap tahilret itrepes .32

nakanugid gnay lepmas ini RITF nakanuggnem nagned naijugnep malaD

irad nalikawrep nakapurem gnay arabutab napadne lepmas halada ,lortnok tingil

ngil namasagnep lisah tingil nad isaidari lisah ti isnabrosba ialin gnay

gnay arabutab napadne nupadA .isabukni asam adap rasebret aynisasilibulos

id ek tinem adap lortnok tingil napadne halada nakanug - isaidari lisah tingil ,04

ek tinem adap - lisah tingil nad 03 ek tinem adap namasagnep - .05

rabmaG iraD 2 A3 lortnok tingil arabutab awhab iuhatekid tapad ,

O( lonef liskordih sugug gnudnagnem - 0023 napares haread adap )H - mc 0553 -1 ,

C( anakla sugug - 0582 napares haread adap )H - mc 0003 -1 kitamora )C=C( sugug ,

haread adap 0051 napares - mc 0061 -1 C( lohokla sugug , - napares haread adap )O

079 - mc 0521 -1 P( rofsof sugug nad , - 0822 napares haread adap )H - mc 0442 -1 .

gnay lortnok tingil murtkeps nahaburep idajret ,isasilibulosoib nakukalid haleteS

55

27

ebes nagned nakgnidnabid naklisahid .isasilibulosoib sesorp mul O suguG - C ,H - ,H

P- ,H C=C O sugug nad - nanurunep imalagnem C .kaep

murtkeps adap ,hatnem tingil harem arfni murtkeps adap aynlah itrepeS

rabmaG( isasilibulosoib mulebes namasagnep lisah tingil harem arfni napares

2 B3 aguj ,) pmat ka O( lonef liskordih sugug - 0023 napares haread adap )H - 0553

mc -1 C( anakla sugug , - 0582 napares haread adap )H - mc 0003 -1 )C=C( sugug ,

0051 napares haread adap kitamora - mc 0061 -1 C( lohokla sugug , - haread adap )O

079 napares - mc 0521 -1 oib nakukalid haleteS . ,isasilibulos idajreT natakgninep

kacnup kaep O isgnuf sugug kutnu - C ,H - C nad C=C ,H - .retse O napares atiP

HC kutnu 3 S nad - gnisam gnabmoleg nagnalib adap itamaret S - utiay gnisam

mc 27,4241 -1 mc 95,845 nad -1 .

tingil harem arfni murtkeps sisilana lisah iraD mulebes isaidari lisah

2 rabmaG( isasilibulosoib C3 liskordih sugug tapadret awhab nakitkubmem ,)

O( lonef - 0023 napares haread adap )H - mc 0553 -1 C( anakla sugug , - adap )H

0582 napares haread - mc 0003 -1 0051 napares haread adap kitamora )C=C( sugug , -

mc 0061 -1 C( lohokla sugug , - 079 napares haread adap )O - mc 0521 -1 haleteS .

naklisahid gnay lepmas murtkeps nahaburep idajret isasilibulos sesorp idajret

O suguG ,isasilibulosoib mulebes nagned nakgnidnabid - imalagnem C=C nad H

kacnup natakgninep .kaep ugug nakgnadeS C s - kacnup nanurunep imalagnem H

kaep HC kutnu napares atip itamareT . 3 mc 72,4241 gnabmoleg nagnalib adap -1.

65

37

A

B ©

C

rabmaG 32 . ( .hareM arfnI murtkepS A ( lortnok tingiL .) B .) lisaH tingiL( namasagneP C isaidarI lisaH tingiL .)

75

47

O suguG - C nad H sahab id kutnu gnitnep gnay sugug nakapurem C=

adap isagujnokret nataki nad kilonef awaynes isadarged nagned natiakreb anerak

kacnup natakgnineP .tingil awaynes kaep O sugug - isadarged nakanerakid H

kacnup nanuruneP .esadiskorep ningil helo kilonef awaynes kaep nakbabesid

nad esakal mizne helo ilabmek isadarged kutnebret halet gnay kilonef awaynes

kacnup nakianeK .taliskobrak masa idajnem PnM kaep asib C=C sugug

turalem arabutab naakumrep adap tapadret gnay tamuh masa anerak nakbabesid

aki nagnudnak aggnihes napareynep nakbabeynem gnay iggnit isagujnok nat

kacnup nanuruneP .iggnit C=C sugug kaep halet tamuh masa anerak C=C sugug

nakbabeynem ,tavluf masa ,aynnanurut awaynes idajnem isadargedret

nesrep aggnihes isagujnok nataki ayngnarukreb ecnatimsnart kreb C=C .gnaru

.4 5. lisaH isasilibulosoiB kudorP sisilanA CG nagned - SM

CG sisilana lisaH - nakkujnunem SM naklisahgnem isasilibulosoib awhab

awaynes - ub kaynim malad gnudnakret gnay nobrakordih awaynes .im lepmaS

CG sisilana adap nakanugid gnay - nakapurem SM atanrepus n libmaid gnay lepmas

.tingil sinej nairav pait adap iggnitret isasilibulosoib isnabrosba ialin nakrasadreb

naka tubesret iggnitret isasilibulosoib isnabrosba ialin adap nanikgnumeK

malad nakhutubid gnay awaynes apureb lamitpo gnay lisah naktapadid

tnebmep lepmas akam ,tubesret lah nakrasadreB .ralos rakab nahab naku gnay

CG sisilana malad nakanugid - SM , tinem isabukni utkaw adap lortnok tingil utiay

ek - ek tinem adap ammag isaidari lisah tingil ,03 - namasagnep lisah tingil nad 02

ek tinem adap - .05 awayneS - ynes awa nakrasadreb tingil isasilibulosoib kudorp

CG sisilana - lebat adap tahilid tapad SM 4.

85

57

lebaT 4. awayneS - ialiN adaP tingiL isasilibulosoib kudorPawayneSmumiskaM isnabrosbA

emiT.RevitaleR awaynes amaN )%( aerA

lortnoK isaidarI namasagneP 087,7 tfaN C( anela 01 H8) 37,9 70,21 34,32 144,01 n- C( anakedoD 21 H 62 ) 02,0 - - 495,21 n- anakedarteT

C( 41 H 03 ) 92,1 07,1 19,2

466,41 n- anakedatnePC( 51 H 23 )

65,1 31,2 11,5

845,61 n- anakedaskeHC( 61 H 43 )

63,9 01,7 86,3

436,71 anatnepolkislisednUC( 61 H 23 )

82,2 - 34,1

744,71 2- anakedaskehliteMC( 71 H 63 )

30,5 13,4 55,2

225,81 n- anakedatpeHC( 71 H 63 )

15,6 08,4 38,2

887,91 3- anakedatpehliteMC( 81 H 83 )

00,2 53,3 -

213,02 n- C( anakedatkO 81 H 83 ) 32,8 65,9 54,01 533,12 1- lonakedatkO

C( 81 H 83 )O 30,3 - -

093,12 n- C( anasokiE 02 H42) 32,3 96,2 42,2 809,12 )Z5( -5- anakedanoN

C( 91 H 83 ) 04,2 - -

526,32 n- C( anasokoD 22 H 64 ) 12,5 79,5 93,3 443,42 n- C( anasokirT 32 H 84 ) 75,2 65,2 64,1 975,42 n- anasokarteT

C( 42 H 05 ) 82,5 86,2 90,1

050,62 3- litE -5- ’2( - )litublite -C( anakedatkO 62 H 45 )

64,2 - -

123,62 1- anasokieliskeholkiSC( 62 H 25 )

85,3 - -

406,72 n- anasokanoNC( 92 H 06 )

73,4 96,4 00,4

628,92 anatnokairtarteTC( 43 H 86 )

28,3 43,4 82,3

097,03 n- anatnokairatnePC( 53 H 27 )

34,3 68,3 50,3

081,23 n- anatnokairtaskeHC( 63 H 47 )

43,3 53,4 28,2

108,43 arteT C( anatnok 04 H 28 ) 26,3 73,3 20,3

95

67

emiT.RevitaleR awaynes amaN )%( aerA

lortnoK isaidarI namasagneP 409,63 anatnokatneparteT

C( 45 H 011 ) 74,7 - 27,3

556,71 1- anakednulitnepolkiSC( 61 H 23 )

- 41,3 -

783,81 1- lonakedaskeHC( 61 H 43 )O

- 94,2 -

014,02 01,6,2 41, - anakedaskehlitemarteT

C( 02 H 24 )

- 89,3 -

571,32 n- anasokieneHC( 12 H 44 _

- 81,2 59,0

050,62 4,2 - anasokodlitemiDC( 42 H 05 )

- 36,2 -

751,72 n- anasokatpeH C( 52 H 25 )

- 50,2 62,2

046,13 11 - anasokartetliseDC( 43 H 07 )

- 96,1 -

117,81 6,2 - anelatfanliporposiiD

(C 61 H 02 )

- - 60,1

014,91 8- anakedatnepliskeHC( 12 H 44 )

- - 30,1

858,02 3- anakedatkoliteMC( 91 H 04 )

- - 26,0

293,12 2- anakedatkoliteMC( 91 H 04 )

- - 98,3

887,12 n- anakedanoNC( 91 H 04 )

- - 64,2

307,62 n- anasokatnePC( 52 H 25 )

- - 62,2

teS gnay )% ( aera halmuJ aranisneB nagned

39,9 70,21 34,32

arateS gnay )% ( aera halmuJraloS nagned

62,63 71,73 99,92

atad nakrasadreB sata id , isadarged lisah tingil lortnok hulupes ikilimem

iapmas 45 C( nobrak mota 01 -C 45 tingil adaP .) lortnok awaynes tapadid

nobrakordih d kednepret gnay nobrak iatnar nagne C( anelatfan utiay , 01 H8 ) nad

awaynes nobrakordih ret nobrak iatnar nagned gnajnap , utiay t anatnokatneparte

06

77

C( 45 H 011 ) . aera saul iaynupmem gnay awayneS 37,9 iggnitret kacnup nagned %

isneter utkaw adap lucnum nad limid 287,7 anelatfan awaynes helo iki C( 01 H8)

nobrakordih niales nisneb awaynes adap amatu nenopmok nakapurem gnay

.kitafila

lisah tingil isadarged lisaH isaidari helo tcartxe edurc relulesartske mizne

muillicineP .ps m gnay nobrakordih naklisahgne s hulupes ikilimem mota 63 iapma

C( nobrak 01 -C 44 P .) lisah tingil ada isaidari nobrak iatnar nagned awaynes tapadid

C( anelatfan utiay ,kednepret gnay 01 H8 ) nobrak iatnar nagned awaynes nad

ret gnajnap utiay , n- C( anatnokartetarteT 44 H 09 ) . isisopmok nanurunep idajreT

brak iatnar lisah tingil adap gnajnapret no isaidari tingil nagned nakgnidnabid alib

lortnok . laH mizne helo isadarged idajret halet nakisakidnignem ini - mizne

nad isisopmok nanuruneP ,)4791( llewloC dna reklaW turuneM .relulesartske

nakisakidnignem awaynes isartnesnok gnay awayneS .isadarged aynidajret

aera saul iaynupmem 70,21 % utkaw adap lucnum nad iggnitret kacnup nagned

isneter 487,7 awaynes helo ikilimid anelatfan C( 01 H8).

D helo namasagnep lisah tingil isadarge tcartxe edurc relulesartske mizne

muillicineP ps m . mota 45 iapmas hulupes nobrak mota irad awaynes naklisahgne

C( nobrak 01 -C 34 helo ikilimid kednepret nobrak mota nagned nobrakordiH .)

anelatfan C( 01 H8 nad ) utiay ,gnajnapret nobrak mota nagned nobrakordih n-

C( anatnokatneparteT 45 H 011 .) aynupmem gnay awayneS aera saul i 34,32 % nagned

isneter utkaw adap lucnum nad iggnitret kacnup 087,7 awaynes helo ikilimid

anelatfan C( 01 H8).

16

87

0 irad rasikreb ralos kutnu aera esatnesreP - aera esatnesrep nakgnades %04

0 irad rasikreb aynah nisneb kutnu - ek nakbabesid ini laH .%02 sesorp akit

mizne iskaer ajrek nakitnehgnem kutnu anamid pahat ada isasilibulosoib

nobrak nakbabeynem gnay nasanamep nakukalid - gnay kednep iatnar nobrak

naklisahid raseb hibel isasilibulosoib kudorp aggnihes paugnem litalov tafisreb

nar nobrakordih awaynes gnay isabukni utkaw anerak aguj asib ini laH .gnajnap iat

mizne nakukalid gnay isadarged aggnihes tinem hulup mane aynah nakukalid

nataki naksutumem upmam muleb relulesartske - gnajnap iatnar nobrakordih nataki

nahredes hibel gnay nobrakordih awaynes idajnem .a

mizne helo tingil isadarged lisaH - gnudnakret gnay relulesartske mizne

malad tcartxe edurc arates gnay nobrakordih awaynes naklisahgnem upmam

nahab itnaggnep fitanretla igrene iagabes isnetopreb gnay ralos nenopmok nagned

.imub kaynim rakab atu nenopmoK iatnar gnajnap ikilimem gnay halada ralos am

irasaloN( 81 nagned iapmas 31 nobrak la te .)7002 ,. ralos amatu nenopmoK

C( anakedaskeh halada 61 H 43 C( anakedatko nad ) 81 H 83 tayadiH( ) .la te .)7002 ,

.42 rabmaG esatnesreP oK arateS gnay isasilibulosreT assaM nenopm nisneBtingiL arabutaB isasilibulosoiB lisaH raloS nad

0

2

4

6

8

01

lortnoK isaidarI namasagneP

isasilibulosreT assaM

%

tingiL sineJ

raloS

nisneB

26

97

gnay isasilibulosret assam nesrep rabmag nakapurem sata id 42 rabmaG

4 aratna rasikreb gnay ralos nenopmok nagned arates - nisneb nad %5,8 gnay

sikreb 2 aratna ra - .%5,3 libulosret assam nesreP isasi nagned arates gnay

lisah tingil nad isaidari lisah tingil ,lortnok tingil kutnu ralos nenopmok

gnisam utiay namasagnep - halada gnisam 53,8 ,% 24,5 nad % 00,4 % . malaD

,ini naitilenep ralos nagned arates gnay isaidari isasilibulosret assam esatnesrep

ibel raseb h .namasagnep nagned nakgnidnabid alib awhab nakitkubmem ini laH

naukalrep isaidari kefe nakirebmem tingil arabutab isasilibulos malad fitkefe hibel

anahredes hibel gnay awaynes idajnem tingil rutkurts isadargednem alib

namasagnep nagned nakgnidnabid .

helo tingil isasilibulosoib kudorP tcartxe edurc naklisahgnem aynah kadit

naklisahgnem ipatet ,ralos nagned arates gnay isisopmok ikilimem gnay awaynes

isadarged lisaH .nisneb iskarf nagned arates aynisisopmok gnay awaynes aguj

mizne - relulesartske mizne tingil padahret aguj nagned awaynes naklisahgnem

nobrak iatnar 4- nisneb iskarf aimik isalumrof nakapurem gnay 21 naciremA(

aynlasim( nifarap utiay nisneb amatu nenopmok agiT .)1002 ,etutitsnI muelorteP

C( netfan ,)anakla nH n2 kis nad anaskeholkis aynlasim ) kitamora atres ,anatnepol

.)anelatfan aynlasim( esatnesreP isasilibulosret gnay assam nagned arates gnay

nisneb nenopmok m gnisa - tingil kutnu gnisam k nad isaidari lisah tingil ,lortno

namasagnep lisah tingil halada 92,2 % %42,3 nad %99,1 , .

36

08

V BAB

MISEK NARAS NAD NALUP

nalupmiseK .1.5

.1 CG sisilana nakrasadreB - SM nesrep , isasilibulosret gnay assam gnay

isaidari lisah tingil ,lortnok tingil kutnu ralos nenopmok nagned arates

namasagnep lisah tingil nad isasilibulosret assam nesrep naklisahgnem

s arates gnay ralo gnisam - halada gnisam 53,8 ,% 24,5 nad % 00,4 % nad

gnisam nisneb arates - 92,2 halada gnisam % .%42,3 nad %99,1 ,

.2 namasagnep nad isaidari sesorP fitaler huragnep nakirebmem muleb

naklisahid gnay nobrakordih nenopmok irad tahilid akij nakifingis gnay

a irad SMCG sisilan

.3 isaidari nad namasagnep lisah isgnuf sugug liforp naadebrep tapadreT

naurunep nagned iadnatid isasilibulosoib haduses nad mulebes ammag

nakianek uata kaep O isgnuf sugug - .nakifingis araces C=C nad H

2.5 naraS

kaf isasilamitpo nakukalid ulreP rot - ajrek ihuragnepmem gnay rotkaf

Hp itrepes ,mizne . ulreP nakukalid aguj isabukni utkaw nagned natujnal naitilenep

aggnihes amal hibel gnay tingil skelpmok awaynes isadarged lamitpo hibel .

nagned nakkujnutid lamitpo gnay tingil awaynes isadargeD

klisahid aynna awaynes - hibel gnay nobrak iatnar nagned nobrakordih awaynes

nisneb nad ralos iskarf nagned arates gnay anahredes gnay tapad nakidajid iagabes

.fitanretla rakab nahab

46

18

AKATSUP RATFAD

noitacifingileD lagnuF .7991 .kriK .K.T dna ettehcnalB .A.R ,.M rathkA dna .doow fo gnipluP lacinahcemoiB gnireenignE lacimehcoiB ni secnavdA

ygolonhcetoiB 951:75 , - .591

.7002 .minonA VU yrtemotofortcepS - siv 51 seskaiD . moc.retsrofp.www//:ptth ..8002 iraunaJ

ww//:ptth .sleuF fo seitreporP .1002 ,etutitsnI muelorteP naciremA .w.BIW 65.70 .kp ,9002 rebmetpeS 92 seskaiD ,fdp.vog.ygrene.cdfA

noitadargeD dooW dna noitcudorP esaccaL .5891 .uhdnaS .K.D dna .S.D ,arorAetihW A yb - .adivalF aeladeaD sugnuF toR lonhceT .borciM emyznE .

504:7 - .804

.isaidarI kopmoleK .5991 .NATAB di.og.natab.www//:ptth , teraM 5 seskaiD.BIW 00.61 kp ,0102

.dooW ni xelpmoC esolullecongiL fo noitadargeD .5991 .A.R ettehcnalB .J .naCtoB 999S:)1 .lppuS( 37 . - .0101S

.zenitraM .T.A dna ,zenitraM .J.M ,elkcoB .B ,.S ,oreramaC 6991 . esenagnaM yb noitadargeD detaideM suiranomlup sutoruelP . .norivnE .lppA

loiborciM 0701:26 . - .2701

lacigoloiB : etsaW cisolullecongiL .8991 .lahahC .S.D dna .S.P ,lahahC .)rotide( .M.A ,nitraM :nI .noisrevnoC ot lairetaM etsaW fo noisrevnocoiB

rtsudnI .stcudorP lai .nodnoL .lanoisseforP & cimedacA eikcalB

fo noitazilibuloS citamyznE .0991 .naeB .M.R dna nosliW .W.B ,.M.S ,nehoC .)rotide( .D.L ,esiW :nI .laoC laoC fo tnemtaertoiB dna gnissecorpoiB ..kroY weN .cnI rekkeD lecraM

drofwarC .J.R dna .L.D , puG at . :nI .laoc fo noitaziremyloped laiborciM .0002 .)rotide( .L.D ,drofwarC slaoC knaR woL fo snoitamrofsnarT laiborciM .

.ASU .sserP CRC

.2891 ..J droffilC ,llewserC .kinagrO awayneS murtkepS sisilanA gnudnaB .BTI

.6991 .M ,malassuraD otosioidaR nad isaidaR p .gnudnaB .otisraT tibreneP .

fo ygoloisyhP eht ni slohoclA lyrA .4991 .tnoB ed .M.A.J dna leiF .A.J ,gnoJ eD .ignuF cityloningiL sweiveR .loiborciM SMEF 351:31 . - .881

gnaY IL ,iyiaK ihS ,gnaixuiX oaT ,*gniY uD .0102 . etingiL fo noitadargeDsdnuopmoC ledoM .ignuF toR etihW fo noitcA eht yb anihC : fo loohcS

56

28

ygolonhceT dna gnireenignE lacimehC , & gniniM fo ytisrevinU anihCygolonhceT , uohzuX , .usgnaiJ

isasilibulosoiB kudorP nad relulesartskE miznE isasiretkaraK .0102 .ivleY ,adirEmmaG siaidarI lisaH arabutaB gnapaK helO a mullicineP nad .ps

amredohcirT .ps .ispirkS igolonkeT nad sniaS satlukaF igoloiB nasuruJ.atrakaJ hallutayadiH firayS NIU

.9991 .rethcirfoH dna M.R ,asoukaF laoC fo ygoloiborciM dna ygolonhcetoiB .noitadargeD lonhcetoiB loiborciM lppA )9991( 52 :25 - .04

.nednesseF .S.J dna .J.R nednesseF 891 2 . kinagrO aimiK diliJ agiteK isidE . 1 ..aggnalrE :atrakaJ .P anaydaH suisyolA :helo nakhamejretiD

.nednesseF .S.J dna .J.R nednesseF .6891 kinagrO aimiK diliJ agiteK isidE . 2 .H suisyolA :helo nakhamejretiD .aggnalrE :atrakaJ .P anayda

.3002 .E divaD ,nifraG snietorP fo siserohportcelE leG detinU ytisrevinU drofxO ..modgniK

iraJ kidiS sisilanA adaP yzzuF farayS akigoL isakilpA .6002 .GE ,S arakgnawiGofsnarT hareM arfnI retemotofortepS nakanuggneM imuB kayniM isamr

upeC .lareniM nad igrenE iggniT halokeS .)RITF( reiruoF – hagneT awaJ

ningiL eht fo ygoloiB raluceloM .3991 .cilA .M dna .H.M dloG - gnidargeD setecymoidisaB loiborciM .muiropsosyrhc eteahcorenahP 506:75 .veR . -

.226

.8991 .D .B,semaH siserohportcelE leG nietorP fo .sserP ytisrevinU drofxO .modgniK detinU

.ignuf cityloningil fo yrtsimehcoiblacidar eerf relullecartxE .6991 .E.K ,lemmaH.mehC J weN 591:02 - 891

.EK relliG ,G hcsidaC ,E.K lemmaH .ningiL fo noitadargeD lagnuF .7991 nevirDttiL ttnalP :erutaN yB noitsopmoceD dnA ytilauQ re .lanoitanretnI BAC .

nodnoL

.arabutaB asenaG .9002 .A ,siraH moc.arabutaB //:ptth .www iraurbeF 9 seskaiD , .BIW 00.41 .kp ,0102

.4991 .ramuS ,anayadneH nemurtsnI kitilanA aimiK atrakaJ .aggnalrE .

.7891 .enobreH neP aimiK edoteM .nahubmuT sisilanagneM nredoM araC nutnu .gnudnaB .BTI .audeK natibreT

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38

.8002 .S ,otnamreH nad ifargotamorK asilanA kinkeT huaJ hibeL lanegneM .irtemotofortkepS hallutayadiH firayS NIU udapreT muirotarobaL tasuP

.atrakaJ

ahuS .S nad agadaP .C.M ,.N ,tayadiH .6002 .initr irtsudnI igoloiborkiM tibreneP ..atrakaygoY .idnA

esadixoreP esenagnaM yb noisrevnoC ningiL :weiveR .2002 .M rethcirfoH .)PnM( lonhceT .loiborciM emyznE 454:03 . - .664

iwduL .S ,zciweikasloP .M ,refohlekniW .M ,eborG .S ,sreimhcS .H ,.U ,rekloH ,gwoL fo noitazilibuloS .2002 .refoH .M dna eshoD .J - yb laoC knaR

edirivorta amredohcirT dna citylordyH fo tnemevlovnI eht rof ecnedivEC41 gnisU yb semyznE evitadixO - .etingiL dellebaL lairtsudnI fo lanruoJ

ygolonhcetoiB dna ygoloiborciM 702 :82 . - .212

hsI .noitadargedoiB ningiL ni esaccaL fo eloR ehT .0891 .T ,arahi .loiborciMppA .netoP .mehC 71:2 . - .03

.H dna ihsiiraW .H .awagakaN .T ,arumikoT .F ,otubaK .M ,hotI .N ,.T amijhoJ morF esadixoreP ningiL dna ningiL fo noitcaretnI tceriD .9991 .akanT

ahcorenahP ete .muiropsosyrhc icS .dacA .ltaN .corP 9891:69 . - .4991

.kriK .K.T dna rammahnieR.B ,lemmaH .E.K ,namaranaylaK .B ,.J.P netsreK dna esadixoreP hsidaresroH ,esadixoreP ningiL fo nosirapmoC .0991

.seneznebyxohteM fo noitadixO eht ni esaccaL J .mehcoiB 4:862 . 57 - .084

.4891 .M.S ,rakpohK )nahamejret( kitilanA aimiK rasaD pesnoK lacitylanA . ygolonhceT fo etutitsnI naidnI yrtsimehC fo tnemtrapeD yrotarobaL

.yabmoB .yabmoB

.9991 .zednanreF.M dna anuL .N ,lortsinoM .F.I ,.F ,adrobaL fo sessecorPuloS ro noitcafeuqiL .msinagroorciM yb laoC hsinapS fo noitazilib ylppAlonhcetoiB loiborciM 94 :75 . - .65

4991.A .L ,regninheL rasaD . - aimikoiB rasad .atrakaJ .aggnalrE .

.2002 .anilavoN ,aggniL CG - slaunaM seireS 0102 SM aisA uzdamihS . etP cificaP.eropagniS .dtL

.J.P ,.R.L dnyL laiborciM .2002 .suiroterP .S.I dna HW lyZ nav .H.W ,remieW .ygolonhcetoiB dna slatnemadnuF :noitazilitU esolulleC .loM .loiborciM

veR .loiB 605:)3(66 . - 775

.7002 .tcaF etamilC ,licnuoC esnefeD secruoseR larutaN toN si laoC diuqiL yhWvoM ot noitpO elbaivA .?liO dnoyeB aciremA e //:ptth gro.cdrn.www ,

.BIW 00.71 .kp ,9002 iraurbeF 42 seskaiD

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nobraK halmuJ iskiderP .7002 .azerapiD irA nad ,iefayS ,atimaraP itnI ,irasaloNatuH nagnabeneP tabikA nanohopeP helo paresreT kadiT gnay isimE nad n

kinkeT tutitsnI .ilatoraneakimiT nalaJ sauR anacneR adap naaradneK.ayabaruS rebmevoN hulupeS

zonuM .J ,.J zereP - .zenitraM .J dna aibuR al ed .T ,odaroD noitadargedoiB .2002 na :ningiL dna esolullecimeH ,esolulleC fo stnemtaerT lacigoloiB dna

O .weivrev loiborciM .tnI 35:5 . - .36

oiB : ygolnhcetoiblaoC .2891 .R ,eejrenaB dna .A.V ,ivleS - fo noisrevnoc dna leuF diuqiL fo noitcartxE ehT rof laoC naidnI knaR tnereffiD

.rezilitreF .ygolonhcetoiB mehcoiB deilppA 61 :7 - .12

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giL n stcudorP noitcafeuqiL dna sugnuF gniyfeuqiL eti . 6 ehT ht dna htrae aidecorP .hceT & ecneicS gniniM no ecnerefnoC lanoitanretnI

neicS yratenalP ec . 726 - 336 .

.4991 .G.J ,thgiepS desiveR ,noitidE dn2 ,laoC fo ygolonhceT dna yrtsimehC ehTdednapxE dna .cnI rekkeD lecraM . eS c dno ary nE erg y Inf oobo k , weN

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ps muillicineP gnapaK helo sisoD S satlukaF . NIU igolonkeT nad snia.atrakaJ hallutayadiH firayS

.5891 ,.S.M ,idajduS kinagrO awayneS rutkurtS nautneneP ailahG tibreneP . .atrakaJ .aisenodnI

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S rednU rettaM cinagrO citamorA fo revonruT dipaR .noitaidaR ralonoitadargedoiB 514:01 - .024

fo esU :noitadargeD muelorteP laiborciM .4791 .llewloC .R.R dna .D.J ,reklaW .setartsbuS nobracordyH dexiM loiborciM ylppA . 72 3501 :)6( - .0601

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.7991 .miK E nad JG ,artslyZ yb noitadargeD nobracordyH citamorAeayukionay sanomognihpS 1B . dna ygoloiborciM lairtsudnI fo lanruoJ

ygolonhcetoiB 804 : - .414

96

68

NARIPMAL L naijugneP retemaraP .1 naripma .1 gnapaK helo isasilibulosoiB adap yrwoL ialiN muillicineP .ps

ek iraH - 1E 2E 3E

0 0 0 0 1 78,0 15,0 17,0 2 17,0 7,0 19,0 3 7,0 48,0 97,0 4 48,0 28,0 15,0 5 59,0 96,0 7,0 6 57,0 ,0 37 57,0 7 75,0 8,0 76,0

3E nad ;2 reyemnelrE=2E ;1 reyemnelrE=1E( )3 reyemnelrE=

2 . ialiN Hp naukalreP iagabreB adaP

ek tineM - isaidarI lortnoK masA 0 63,3 49,4 85,4 01 71,4 48,4 74,3 02 96,4 97,4 5,3 03 27,4 7,4 76,4 04 66,4 76,4 46,4 05 98,4 6,4 27,4 06 8,4 66,4 8,4

3 . adaP isnabrosbA ialiN λ mn052

ek tineM - lortnoK isaidarI masA 0 248,0 79,0 86,0 01 86,0 20,1 36,0 02 547,0 20,1 97,0 03 49,0 1 86,0 04 878,0 79,0 7,0 6 05 58,0 85,0 9,0 06 257,0 107,0 48,0

07

78

4 . λ adaP isnabrosbA ialiN mn054

ek tineM - lortnoK isaidarI masA 0 11,0 5 550,0 560,0 01 260,0 540,0 580,0 02 531,0 260,0 211,0 03 502,0 590,0 570,0 04 0 801, 581,0 580,0 05 11,0 201,0 21,0 06 201,0 531,0 80,0

17

88

naripmaL 2 siserofortkelE naturaL isisopmoK .

.oN naturaL halmuJ

.1 % 03 dimalirkailoP naturaL

rkA dimali ( SIB edimalyrcA siB enelyhteM ) sedaukA

rg 2,22

rg 8,0

lm 001

.2 % 01 taflusreP muinommA naturaL

taflusrep muinommA sedaukA

lm/rg 1,0

lm 1

.3 gniniatS naturaL

eulB tnaillirB eissamooC R- 052 lonateM tatesa masA sedaukA

rg 1

lm 003

lm 001

m 006 l

.4 gniniatseD naturaL

lonateM tatesa masA sedaukA

lm 003

lm 001

lm 006

5 sirT M 5,1( reffuB gnitarapeS leG - )lCH

( sirT enahtemonima lyhtemyxordyH ) ( SDS etafluS lycodeD muidoS ) Hp sedaukA

rg 2,81

rg 4,0

8,8

lm 001

27

98

oN . naturaL halmuJ

6 ikcatS leG sirT M 5,0( reffuB gn - )lCH

( sirT enahtemonima lyhtemyxordyH ) ( SDS etafluS lycodeD muidoS ) Hp sedaukA

rg 1,6

rg 4,0

8,6

lm 001

.7 gninnuR reffuB

( sirT enahtemonima lyhtemyxordyH ) ( SDS etafluS lycodeD muidoS ) nisilG sedaukA

l/rg 3

l/rg 1

l/rg 4,41

lm 1

37

09

naripmaL 3 rekraM radnatS avruK .

tareb iuhategnem kutnu taubid rekram radnats avruK nietorp lukelom

gnapak muillicineP lukelom tareb nagnutihreP .arabutab isasilibulosgnep .ps

= y halada helorepid gnay lisah anamid ,sirag naamasrep irad helorepid - 151,1 + ×

3,2 24 R ialin nad 2 9,0 = 14 .

= y - 423,2 + x151,1149,0 = ²R

0

5,0

1

5,1

2

5,2

0 2,0 4,0 6,0 8,0 1

MB goL

FR

)aDK( lukeloM tareB FR MB goL

002 521,0 30103,2

4,79 82,0 55889,1

2,66 63,0 58028,1

54 5,0 12356,1

13 37,0 63194,1

5,12 719,0 34233,1

47

19

naripmaL 4 . awayneS arates gnay raloS nenopmoK eB naD nisn lisaH isasilibulosoiB arabutaB tingiL .

.5 helo tingil arabutaB isasilibulosoiB lisaH awayneS muillicineP .ps arateS gnay

nenopmoK nagned .ralos

.oN awayneS amaN )%( aerA lortnoK namasagneP isaidarI

1 n- C( anakedarteT 41 H 03 ) 92,1 62,2 07,1 2 n- atneP C( anaked 51 H 23 ) 65,1 79,3 31,2 3 n- C( anakedaskeH 61 H 43 ) 63,9 68,2 01,7 4 anatnepolkislisednU

C( 61 H 23 ) 82,2 11,1 -

5 2- anakedaskehliteMC( 71 H 63 )

30,5 79,1 13,4

6 n- C( anakedatpeH 71 H 63 ) 15,6 91,2 08,4 7 3- anakedatpehliteM

C( 81 H 83 ) 00,2 81,1 53,3

8 n- kO C( anakedat 81 H 83 ) 32,8 01,8 65,9 9 6,2 - anelatfanliporposiiD

C( 61 H 02 ) - 28,0 80,1

01 1- anakednulitnepolkiSC( 61 H 23 )

- - 41,3

halmuJ aera% 62,63 99,92 71,73

.6 arabutaB isasilibulosoiB lisaH awayneS helo tingil muillicineP .ps gnay arateS nagned B nenopmoK nisne

.oN awayneS aerA % lortnoK namasagneP isaidarI

1 C( anelatfaN 01 H8 ) 37,9 34,32 70,21 2 n- C( anakedoD 21 H 62 ) 02,0 - -

aera% halmuJ 39,9 34,32 70,21

57

29

naripmaL 5. nesreP isasilibulosreT assaM arateS gnay awayneS nenopmoKS nad nisneB nagned ralo

.7 nesreP isasilibulosreT assaM nagned arateS gnay nisneB nad raloS nenopmoK kutnu lortnoK tingiL .

tareB

lawa tareB

rihka arabutaBtural gnay awayneS amaN )%( aerA isrevnoK %

251,0 711,0 530,0 C( anelatfaN 01 H8) 37,9 42,2 251,0 711,0 530,0 n- anakedoD C( 21 H 62 ) 2,0 50,0 251,0 711,0 530,0 n- C( anakedarteT 41 H 03 ) 92,1 03,0 251,0 711,0 530,0 n- C( anakedatneP 51 H 23 ) 65,1 63,0 251,0 711,0 530,0 n- C( anakedaskeH 61 H 43 ) 63,9 61,2

251,0 711,0 530,0 anatnepolkislisednUC( 61 H 23 ) 82,2 25,0

251,0 711,0 530,0 2- teM anakedaskehliC( 71 H 63 ) 30,5 61,1

251,0 711,0 530,0 n- C( anakedatpeH 71 H 63 ) 15,6 05,1

251,0 711,0 530,0 3- anakedatpehliteMC( 81 H 83 ) 2 64,0

251,0 711,0 530,0 n- C( anakedatkO 81 H 83 ) 32,8 09,1 251,0 711,0 530,0 1- C( lonakedatkO 81 H 83 )O 30,3 07,0 251,0 711,0 530,0 n- C( anasokiE 02 H 24 ) 32,3 47,0

251,0 711,0 530,0 )Z5( -5- anakedanoNC( 91 H 83 ) 4,2 55,0

251,0 711,0 530,0 n- C( anasokoD 22 H 64 ) 12,5 02,1 251,0 711,0 530,0 n- C( anasokirT 32 H 84 ) 75,2 06,0

251,0 711,0 530,0 n- C( anasokarteT 42 H 05 ) 82,5 22,1

251,0 711,0 530,0 3- litE -5- ’2( - )litublite -C( anakedatkO 62 H 45 ) 64,2 75,0

251,0 711,0 530,0 1- anasokieliskeholkiSC( 62 H 25 ) 85,3 28,0

251,0 711,0 530,0 n- C( anasokanoN 92 H 06 ) 73,4 10,1 251,0 711,0 530,0 C( anatnokairtarteT 43 H 86 ) 28,3 88,0 251,0 711,0 530,0 n- kairatneP C( anatno 53 H 27 ) 34,3 97,0

251,0 711,0 530,0 n- anatnokairtaskeHC( 63 H 47 ) 43,3 77,0

251,0 711,0 530,0 C( anatnokarteT 04 H 28 ) 26,3 38,0 251,0 711,0 530,0 C(anatnokatneparteT 45 H 011 ) 74,7 27,1

ralos nagned arates gnay aera nesrep isrevnok % halmuJ 53,8

nisneb nagned arates gnay aera nesrep isrevnok % halmuJ 92,2

67

39

.8 nesreP isasilibulosreT assaM nisneB nad raloS nenopmoK nagned arateS gnayisaidarI lisaH tingiL kutnu

tareB

lawa rihka tareB arabutaB tural gnay amaN awayneS )%( aerA vnoK % isre

251,0 721,0 520,0 C( anelatfaN 01 H8) 70,21 9,1 9 251,0 721,0 520,0 n- C( anakedarteT 41 H 03 ) 7,1 2,0 8 251,0 721,0 520,0 n- C( anakedatneP 51 H 23 ) 31,2 53,0 251,0 721,0 520,0 n- C( anakedaskeH 61 H 43 ) 1,7 1,1 7

251,0 721,0 520,0 2- anakedaskehliteMC( 71 H 63 ) ,4 13 7,0 1

251,0 721,0 520,0 n- C( anakedatpeH 71 H 63 ) 8,4 7,0 9

251,0 721,0 520,0 3- anakedatpehliteMC( 81 H 83 ) 53,3 55,0

251,0 721,0 520,0 n- C( anakedatkO 81 H 83 ) 65,9 75,1 251,0 721,0 520,0 n- C( anasokiE 02 H 24 ) 96,2 44,0 251,0 721,0 520,0 n- C( anasokoD 22 H 64 ) 5 79, 89,0 251,0 721,0 520,0 n- C( anasokirT 32 H 84 ) 65,2 24,0 251,0 721,0 520,0 n- C( anasokarteT 42 H 05 ) 86,2 44,0 251,0 721,0 520,0 n- C( anasokanoN 92 H 06 ) 96,4 77,0 251,0 721,0 520,0 C( anatnokairtarteT 43 H 86 ) 43,4 17,0 251,0 721,0 520,0 n- C( anatnokairatneP 53 H 27 ) 68,3 36,0

251,0 721,0 520,0 n- anatnokairtaskeHC( 63 H 47 ) 53,4 7,0 2

251,0 721,0 520,0 C( anatnokarteT 04 H 28 ) 73,3 55,0

251,0 721,0 520,0 1- anakednulitnepolkiSC( 61 H 23 ) 41,3 5,0 2

251,0 721,0 520,0 1- C( lonakedaskeH 61 H 43 )O 94,2 4,0 1

251,0 721,0 20,0 5 41,01,6,2 -

anakedaskehlitemarteTC( 02 H 24 )

89,3 56,0

251,0 721,0 520,0 n- C( anasokieneH 12 H 44 _ 81,2 3,0 6

251,0 721,0 520,0 4,2 - anasokodlitemiDC( 42 H 05 ) 36,2 34,0

251,0 721,0 520,0 n- C( anasokatpeH 52 H 25 ) 50,2 33,0

251,0 721,0 520,0 11 - anasokartetliseDC( 43 H 07 ) 96,1 2,0 8

ralos nagned arates gnay aera nesrep isrevnok % halmuJ 24,5 nisneb nagned arates gnay aera nesrep isrevnok % halmuJ 99,1

77

49

.9 nesreP isasilibulosreT assaM nagned arateS gnay nisneB nad raloS nenopmoK kutnu lisaH tingiL namasagneP

B tare

lawa rihka tareB arabutaBtural gnay awaynes amaN )%( aerA isrevnoK %

251,0 131,0 120,0 C( anelatfaN 01 H8) 34,32 2,3 4 251,0 131,0 120,0 n- C( anakedarteT 41 H 03 ) 19,2 04,0 251,0 131,0 120,0 n- C( anakedatneP 51 H 23 ) 11,5 7,0 1 251,0 131,0 120,0 n- kedaskeH C( ana 61 H 43 ) 86,3 05,0 251,0 131,0 120,0 C( anatnepolkislisednU 61 H 23 ) 34,1 ,0 02 251,0 131,0 120,0 2- C( anakedaskehliteM 71 H 63 ) 55,2 53,0 251,0 131,0 120,0 n- C( anakedatpeH 71 H 63 ) 38,2 93,0 251,0 131,0 120,0 n- C( anakedatkO 81 H 83 ) 54,01 44,1 251,0 131,0 0 120, n- C( anasokiE 02 H 24 ) 42,2 3,0 1 251,0 131,0 120,0 n- C( anasokoD 22 H 64 ) 93,3 4,0 7 251,0 131,0 120,0 n- C( anasokirT 32 H 84 ) 64,1 02,0 251,0 131,0 120,0 n- C( anasokarteT 42 H 05 ) 90,1 51,0 251,0 131,0 120,0 n- C( anasokanoN 92 H 06 ) 4 00, 55,0 251,0 131,0 120,0 C( anatnokairtarteT 43 H 86 ) 82,3 54,0 251,0 131,0 120,0 n- C( anatnokairatneP 53 H 27 ) 50,3 24,0 251,0 131,0 120,0 n- C( anatnokairtaskeH 63 H 47 ) 28,2 3,0 9 251,0 131,0 120,0 C( anatnokarteT 04 H 28 ) 20,3 4,0 2 251,0 131,0 120,0 C( anatnokatneparteT 45 H 011 ) 27,3 15,0 251,0 131,0 120,0 n- C( anasokieneH 12 H 44 _ 59,0 31,0 251,0 131,0 120,0 n- C( anasokatpeH 52 H 25 ) 62,2 13,0

251,0 131,0 120,0 6,2 - anelatfanliporposiiD

C( 61 H 02 ) 60,1

1,0 5

251,0 131,0 120,0 8- anakedatnepliskeHC( 12 H 44 )

30,1 41,0

251,0 131,0 120,0 3- C( anakedatkoliteM 91 H 04 ) 26,0 0,0 9 251,0 131,0 120,0 2- C( anakedatkoliteM 91 H 04 ) 98,3 5,0 4 251,0 131,0 120,0 n- C( anakedanoN 91 H 04 ) 64,2 3,0 4 251,0 131,0 120,0 n- C( anasokatneP 52 H 25 ) 62,2 13,0

ralos nagned arates gnay aera nesrep isrevnok % halmuJ 00,4 nisneb nagned arates gnay aera nesrep isrevnok % halmuJ 2,3 4

87

59

naripmaL 6. CG lisaH margotamorK - ammag isaidari lisaH ,lortnoK tingiL SM

namasagneP nad

.oN emiT.R )%( aerA awayneS amaN 1 287,7 37,9 C( anelatfaN 01 H8) 2 144,01 02,0 n-D C( anakedo 21 H 62 ) 3 006,21 92,1 n- C( anakedarteT 41 H 03 ) 4 766,41 65,1 n- C( anakedatneP 51 H 23 ) 5 466,61 63,9 n- C( anakedaskeH 61 H 43 ) 6 566,71 82,2 C( anatnepolkislisednU 61 H 23 ) 7 468,71 30,5 2- C( anakedaskehliteM 71 H 63 ) 8 525,81 15,6 n- C( anakedatpeH 71 H 63 ) 9 097,91 00,2 3- C( anakedatpehliteM 81 H 83 ) 01 413,02 32,8 n- C( anakedatkO 81 H 83 ) 11 533,12 30,3 1- C( lonakedatkO 81 H 83 )O 21 004,12 32,3 n- C( anasokiE 02 H 24 ) 31 809,12 04,2 )Z5( -5- C( anakedanoN 91 H 83 ) 41 236,32 12,5 n- C( anasokoD 22 H 64 ) 51 635,42 75,2 n- rT C( anasoki 32 H 84 ) 61 476,42 82,5 n- C( anasokarteT 42 H 05 )

71 050,62 64,2 3- litE -5- ’2( - )litublite - anakedatkOC( 62 H 45 )

81 123,62 85,3 1- C( anasokieliskeholkiS 62 H 25 ) 91 406,72 73,4 n- C( anasokanoN 92 H 06 ) 02 755,92 28,3 C( anatnokairtarteT 43 H 86 ) 12 073,03 ,3 34 n- C( anatnokairtneP 53 H 27 ) 22 481,23 43,3 n- C( anatnokairtaskeH 63 H 47 ) 32 526,43 26,3 C( anatnokarteT 04 H 28 ) 42 119,63 74,7 C( anatnokatneparteT 45 H 011 )

lortnoK

97

69

.oN emiT.R )%( aerA awayneS amaN 1 487,7 70,21 C( anelatfaN 01 H8) 2 995,21 07,1 n- edarteT C( anak 41 H 03 ) 3 766,41 31,2 n- C( anakedatneP 51 H 23 ) 4 646,61 01,7 n- C( anakedaskeH 81 H 04 ) 5 556,71 41,3 1- C( anakednulitnepolkiS 61 H 23 ) 6 448,71 13,4 2- C( anakedaskehliteM 71 H 63 ) 7 783,81 94,2 1- C( lonakedaskeH 61 H 43 )O 8 625,81 08,4 n- C( anakedatpeH 71 H 63 ) 9 197,91 53,3 3- C( anakedatpehliteM 81 H 83 ) 01 413,02 65,9 n- C( anakedatkO 81 H 83 ) 11 014,02 89,3 41,01,6,2 -

C( anakedaskehlitemarteT 02 H 24 ) 21 178,02 96,2 n- C( anasokiE 02 H 24 ) 31 971,32 81,2 n- C( anasokieneH 12 H )44 41 626,32 79,5 n- C( anasokoD 22 H 64 ) 51 42 541, 65,2 n- C( anasokirT 32 H 84 ) 61 535,42 86,2 n- C( anasokarteT 42 H 05 ) 71 050,62 36,2 4,2 - C( anasokodlitemiD 42 H 05 ) 81 751,72 50,2 n- C( anasokatpeH 72 H 65 ) 91 406,72 96,4 n- C( anasokanoN 92 H 06 ) 02 573,03 43,4 n- C( anatnokairtarteT 43 H 07 ) 12 046,13 68,3 n- eP C( anatnokairtatn 53 H 27 ) 22 046,13 96,1 11 - C( anasokartetliseD 43 H 07 ) 32 381,23 53,4 n- C( anatnokairtaskeH 63 H 47 ) 42 626,43 73,3 C( anatnokarteT 04 H 28 ) 52 498,43 53,2 n- C( anatnokartetarteT 44 H 09 )

isaidarI

08

79

.oN emiT.R )%( aerA awayneS amaN 1 577,7 34,32 C( anelatfaN 01 H8) 2 385,21 19,2 n- C( anakedarteT 41 H 03 ) 3 856,41 11,5 n- C( anakedatneP 51 H 23 ) 4 436,61 86,3 n- C( anakedaskeH 61 H 43 ) 5 246,71 34,1 C( anatnepolkislisednU 61 H 43 ) 6 438,71 55,2 2- C( anakedaskehliteM 71 H 63 ) 7 515,81 38,2 n- C( anakedatpeH 71 H 63 ) 8 117,81 60,1 6,2 - C( anelatfanliporposiiD 61 H 02 ) 9 014,91 33,1 8- C( anakedatnepliskeH 12 H 44 )

01 587,91 35,1 3- C( anakedatpehliteM 81 H 83 ) 11 403,02 54,01 n- C( anakedatkO 81 H 83 ) 21 858,02 26,0 3- C( anakedatkoliteM 91 H 04 ) 31 293,12 98,3 2- C( anakedatkoliteM 91 H 04 ) 41 887,12 64,2 n- C( anakedanoN 91 H 04 ) 51 898,12 42,2 C( anasokiE 02 H 24 ) 61 171,32 59,0 n- C( anasokieneH 12 H 44 ) 71 816,32 93,3 n- C( anasokoD 22 H 64 ) 81 053,42 64,1 n- C( anasokirT 32 H 84 ) 91 725,42 90,1 n- C( anasokarteT 42 H 05 )

20 307,62 80,4 n- okatneP C( anas 52 H 25 ) 21 541,72 62,2 n- C( anasokatpeH 62 H 45 ) 22 506,72 00,4 n- C( anasokanoN 92 H 06 ) 23 745,92 82,3 n- C( anatnokairtarteT 43 H 07 ) 24 263,03 50,3 n- C( anatnokairtatneP 53 H 27 ) 25 271,23 28,2 n- C( anatnokairtaskeH 63 H 47 )

62 416,43 20,3 n- C( anatnokarteT 04 H 28 ) 72 488,43 53,1 n- C( anatnokartearteT 44 H 09 ) 82 798,63 27,3 n- C( anatnokatneparteT 45 H 011 )

namasagneP

18

PE M ANFAATAN CR U DE E XTRAC T EN ZIM EK S...

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