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TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN

UNIVERSITAS SRIWIJAYA

08

PENGOLAHAN

BAHAN GALIAN

Oleh : Ir. Restu Juniah, MT

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JADWAL PERKULIAHANTAMBAN REULER

!ERTEMUAN TANAL MATERI KETi "#$%EB PENDAHULUAN &'e

II "($ %EB DA)AR# !*+ )ean+*er-ln

III #$%EB %LOTA)I a'an *er-lni/ 01 MARET JIIN

TABLIN2 "0 MARET DM), HM),

)LUI3E BO42I "5MARET )PIRAL

KON)ENTRA)I2II #6 MARET HT) 7 M)

2III #( MARET($"" APRIL

MID TE)T TENTATI%

TAMBAN EK)TEN)I!ERTEMUAN TANAL MATERI KET

i "1$%EB PENDAHULUAN )elasa

II #1$ %EB DA)AR# !*+ sa*tu

III 0"$MARET %LOTA)I sa*tui/ 0( MARET JIIN

TABLINsa*tu

2 " MARET DM), HM),)LUI3E BO4

sa*tu

2I ##MARET )PIRALKON)ENTRA)I

sa*tu

2II 7 2III # 8 #9

MARET

HT) 7 M) )elasa

sa*tu2III 7 i "# APRIL MID TE)T ;

MATERI PERKULIAHANPENOLAHAN BAHAN ALIAN

Oleh : Ir. Restu Juniah, MT

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BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

1. Pengertian PBG

2. Tujuan PBG

3. Keuntungan PBG4. Sarat PBG

!. Stu"i Ba#an

Ba$u

BAB II

P%EPA%ASI

1. K&'inu(i

2. K)a(i*i$a(i

+,ru(#ing

+ Grin"ing

+ S-reening

+ ,)a(i*ing

BAB III

KNSENT%ASI

+ Han" (&rting

+ K&n(entra(i gra/ita(i

+ )&ta(i+ Pe'i(a#an 'agneti-

+ Pe'i(a#an e)e$tri(

BAB I

DEATE%ING + T#i-$ening

+ i)tering

+ Dring

BAB PE%ASI TEKNIK

er#itungan5

+ Pa'ent

+ Di(tri6u(i ar$ti$e)

ana)i(a (-reen5

+ Energi $&'inu(i

+ Be6an (ir$u)a(i

+ Ke-eatan

engen"aan

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RE%EREN)I

1. ,urrie. 7 9n Unit Operation in Mineral Processing Deart'ent &* ,#e'i-a) a

7eta))urgi-a) Te-#n&)&g Briti(# ,&)u'6ia In(titute &* Te-#n&)&g Burna6 Briti

,&)u'6ia ,#ater : 1;:3.

2. Ke)). G. Err&) an" S&ti((&r$ ? ,#i(-#e(ter ? Bri(6ane ? T&r&nt& ? Singaura Pr&r E

@7inera) Pr&-e((ing@ E)(e/ier Pu6)i(#ing ,& Lt" In- A'(ter"a' ? L&n"&n ? N

>&r$.

3. i))( B. AMineral Processing Technology i(rt E"iti&n Perga'&n Pre(( 1;8;.

4. A"a'(&n A. Physical Chemistry of Surface i*t# E"iti&n Deart'ent

,#e'i(tr &* S&ut#ern ,a)i*&rnia L&( Ange)e( ,a)i*&rnia 9n i)e =S&n( I

Ne< &r$ #a) 4 ? 18 1;;0.

!. Ha(ji' 7 Pengolahan Mineral Secara Flotasi, 9uru(an Te$ni$ Perta'6ang

Uni/er(ita( Sri

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Pengolahan Bahan Galian

I. PENDAHULUAN

Peng&)a#an 6a#an ga)ian a"a)a# (uatu ta#aan ata

r&(e( untu$ 'eng&)a# C6iji#C (e"e'i$ian rua "enga

'e'erguna$an (i*at $i'ia "an *i(i$na (e#inga "i"a

r&"u$ ang "aat "ijua) 6er#arga5 "an r&"u$ ang ti"a

6er#arga "engan ti"a$ 'engu6a# (i*at *i(i$ "an $i'

'inera) ang 6er(ang$utan (e-ara e$&n&'i( 6er"a(ar$a

te$n&)&gi ang a"a (e$arang.

Ber"a(ar$an ta#aan r&(e( eng&)a#an 6a#an ga)ia

"aat "i6agi 'enja"i tiga ta#aan r&(e( aitu ta#a

preparasita#apemisahan"an ta#a deatering!

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II. TU9UAN

Tahapan PBG

I. Preara(i

II. Konsentras

III. !e"atern#

$. Sa%p&n#

'. Ko%n(s )%e%*e*as+an

%nera&, -r(shn# $/'0

In1hGrn2n# 3 $/'0

In1h

4. S5n# )Pe%sahan *er2asar+an (+(ran,

S1reenn#

6&otas ) Per*e2aan Te#an#an

Per%(+aan ,

HTS ) S7at Ke&str+an5

MS )S7at Ke%a#netan,

Han2sortn# )+&ap,

Gra8tasJ##n#9 Ta*&n#9 S&(1e Bo:9 !(&an#

!MS9 HMS9 spra& +onsentras

Th1+enn# ; 0 ?

6&tern# ; >0 = @0 ?

!rn# ; C0 = $00 ?

-&ass7er

H2ro11&one

P%.DUK

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Kegiatan eng&)a#an 6a#an ga)ian 6ertujuan untu$

1. 7e'6e6a($an 'inera) 6er#arga "ari 'inera) eng&t&rn

'e)i6era(i5

2. 7eng&ntr&) u$uran arti$e) agar (e(uai "engan r&(

(e)anjutna re"u$(i u$uran "an e'i(a#an u$uran arti$e)(iFing

3. 7eng&ntr&) agar 6iji# 'e'unai u$uran ang re)ati* (eraga'

4. 7eng&ntr&) agar 6iji# 'e'unai $a"ar ang re)ati* (eraga'

!. 7e'i(a#$an "an 'e'6e6a($an 'inera) 6er#arga "a

eng&t&rna

. 7enurun$an $an"ungan eng&t&r 'enai$$an $a"ar 'iner

6er#arga5

III. KEUNTUNGAN

Keuntungan "engan "i)a$u$anna r&(e( eng&)a#an 6a#an ga)ian

1. 7engurangi &ng$&( 6iaa engang$utan

2. 7engurangi &ng$&( 6iaa e)e6uran

3. 7engurangi $e#i)angan 'inera) 6er#arga a"a (aat e)e6uran

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I. S>A%AT

Be6eraa (arat ang er)u "ier#ati$an "a)a' PBG

1. A"a er6e"aan (i*at ang "i$e#en"a$i

2. Lea( 6e6a( ter)i6era(i5

.STUDI BAHAN BAKU

In*&r'a(i atau "ata 'inera) ang "ier)u$an "iantarana

1. 7a-a' "an $&'&(i(i 'inera) "a)a' 6a#an ga)ian

2. Ka"ar 'a(ing+'a(ing 'inera) "a)a' 6a#an ga)ian

3. Be(ar u$uran "an "i(tri6u(i u$uran

4. Di(tri6u(i 'inera)+'inera)na

!. 7a-a' "an tie i$atan 'inera)+'inera)na

. Derajat )i6era(i 'inera)+'inera)na

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:.Si*at+(i*at *i(i$ 'inera)na (eerti 6erat jeni( $e'agneta

$&n"u$ti/ita( )i(tri$ (i*at+(i*at er'u$aan 'inera)na "

(e6againa

8.Per(aratan $ua)ita( 6a#an ga)ian (e6agai 6a#an 6a$u unt

e$(tra$(i )&ga' atau untu$ (uatu in"u(tri

;. Te$n&)&gi 6a#an ga)ian ang "iguna$an.

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Ba#an A&r Pen#o&ahan Bahan Ga&an

Biji# Ga)ena P6S5

K&'inu(i

SiFing

K&n(entra(i

K&n(entrat Tai)ing

i)tra(i

S'e)ter

,ru(#ing

0! in-#

Grin"ing 0! in-#

S-reening

K)a(i*i$a(i+ H"r&

--)&ne

+,)a((i*ier

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-ontoh Peta A&r Se2erhana

Biji# Ga)ena P6S

Pere'u$an ,ru(#ing

Grin"ing Peng#a)u(an

K)a(i*i$a(i

)&ta(i

K&n(entrat

'inera)5Tai)ing

i)tra(i

S'e)ter

L&ga' 5

Pengen"aan

./er(iFe

Un"er (iFe

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Proses Pen#o&ahan Bahan Ga&an

BDh ;

Se$u'u)an 'inera) ang "aat 'eng#a(i)$an (atu atau )e6

&ga' (e-ara e$&n&'i( (e(uai "engan $ea"aan te$n&)&gi (aat itu.

100 t&n Biji# P6S $a"ar 8

Dir&(e( PBG )&ta(i5

Di#a(i)$an 40 t&n P6S $a"ar 0

Dir&(e( 'eta)urgi "ier&)e#

Dir&(e( 'eta)urgi "ier&)e#

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!ASAR!ASAR ISTILAH PBG

1. Pu) Suatu -a'uran ang "iangga #&'&ge

antara -airan "engan a"atan (&)i"5.

2. Persen so&2 a"atan 9u')a# 6erat (&)i" ang a"

"a)a' u) "inata$an "a)a' er(en 5.

3. !&(ton ;Per6an"ingan antara 6erat air "enga

6erat (&)i" ang a"a "a)a' u).

4. S&)i" *a-t&r Per6an"ingan antara ju')a# 6er

(&)i" "an 6erat air ang a"a "a)a' u).

,&nt Pu) "engan er(en (&)i" 20

"rtinya"a)a' u) ter(e6ut a"a 20 a"atan

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80 air

7a$a Di)uti&n 8020 J 4

S&)i" *a-t&r 2080 J

!. %e-&/er er&)e#an5 9u')a# 6erat )&ga

'inera)5 ang tera'6i) "a)a' (uatu r&(

eng&)a#an ena'6angan5 "i6an"ing$an "engan ju')a

)&ga' 'inera)5 $e(e)uru#an ang a"a "a)a' *ee"

u'an "inata$an "a)a' er(en5.

I100=F

#$

.. 15

I100

.

.=

fF

%#

25

I1005

5

=t%f

tf%

. 35

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Di'ana

J Berat u'an *ee"5 t&n

K J Berat $&n(entrat t&n

T J Berat tai)ing t&n* J $a"ar 6erat )&ga'5 "a)a' u'an 5

$ J $a"ar 6erat )&ga'5 "a)a' $&n(entrat 5

t J $a"ar 6erat )&ga'5 "a)a' tai)ing 5

. 7ateria) 6a)an-e 9u')a# 'ateria) ang 'a(u

"a)a' r&(e( #aru( (a'a "engan ang ang $e)u

"ari r&(e(.

tT%#fF

T#F

... +=

+=

. !5

:. %ati& &* -&n-entrati&n %&,5 er6an"inga

antara 6erat 6iji# a

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untu$ 'en"aat$an 1 (atuan 6erat $&n(entrat t&

atau $g5.

#

F

$OC=

tf

t%

=

,&nt !210 =

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U'an Biji# *5

J 6erat u'an

* J $a"ar u'an

Pr&(e( e'i(a#an

K&n(entrat K $5 Tai)ing T t5

K J 6erat $&n(entrat T J 6erat tai)ing

$ J $a"ar "a)a' $&n(entrat t J $a"ar tai)ing

Ba#an A&r Pe%sahan

N&. Berat U'an

5

Berat K&n(entrat

K5

Berat Tai)ing

T5

* $ t %e-&/er

.

2.

3.

Ta*e& Has& Pe%sahan Mnera& 2an Re1o8er

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ROUGHER9 -LEANER9 S-AVENGER

NE%A,A BAHAN

P%SES BE%LANGSUNG SE,A%A KNTINU 7ASUKAN J KELUA%AN

P%SES BE%LANGSUNG SE,A%A TIDAK KNTINU 7ASUKAN J KELUA%AN M AKU7ULASI

-ontoh $ ;

U'an (uatu r&(e( $&n(entra(i a"a)a# 1000 tja' "engan 10

P6S. K&n(entrat ang "i#a(i)$an 'engan"ung 80 P6S (e"an

tai)ingna 'engan"ung 01; P6S. Beraa 6erat $&n(entrat "

tai)ing a$#ir ang "ier&)e# "an %E, (erta %,

Da(ar er#itungan Per ja'

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7a(u$an J Ke)uaran tana a$u'u)a(i5

Berat 6iji# T#F +=

T#+=1000 .1

Berat P6S tT%#fF +=

1;08010000 += T# .2 5

Dua er(a'aan "engan "ua /aria6e) ang ti"a"i$eta#ui.

5. 51000 T%+= 8

25. T# 01;081000 +=

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t&nEja'122;18::1000

T+K

TK

t&nEja'::18;81:

:000

01;08:000

==

=

+=

==

=

#

T

TT

Berat $&n(entrat ang "ier&)e# a"a)a# 122; t&n untu$ (etia ja'.

( )

I33;8I10051;08010

1;01080

I1005

5=

=

=

t%f

tf%

$

I32;8I100101000

80;122I100

.

.=

==

fF

%#

138;122

1000===

#

F$oC

1381;010

1;080=

=

=

tf

t%

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-ontoh '. Ro(#her9 -&eaner

K&n(entrat P6S "ier&)e# "ari *)&ta(i ang 'e)i6at$an ta#a+ta#a r&ug#er "an -)eaner. Tai)ing ta#a -)eaner

'engan"ung 20 P6S "i$e'6a)i$an $e ta#a r&ug#er "engan 6e6an (ir$u)a(i 02!. Dengan er&)e#an $&n(e

;82 a"a $a"ar P6S ;0 tentu$an 6erat "an $a"ar 'a(ing+'a(ing 6agian 6i)a u'an ang 'a(u$ a"a)a# 1

&nja' "an $a"arna 10 P6S

a

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Nera-a P6S "a)a' -)eaner

55 cc tT%#a" +=

Per&)e#an J ;82

=

"a)a'P6SBerat

K"a)a'P6SI100

.

. &erat

fF

%#$

100101000

;0

2;8

=

#

t&n10;1=#

7a(u$an J Ke)uaran

T#F +=

T+= 110;1000 t&n;8;0=T

%&ug#er

T"F +=+ 2!0

;8;02!0000 +=+ " t&n3!;1="

,)eaner eri$(a u)ang5

#T" c+=

110;2!013!; +=

Beraa #arga a t

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P6S "a)a' r&ug#er

5555 a"tTtTfF cc +=+

513!;5;8;052!05101000 attc +=+

....15..........13!;;8;0!00010000 at+=+

;8;0

13!;1!000 a =

Nera-a P6S "a)a' -)eaner

%#tTa" cc +=

;0110;202!013!; +=a

I2:4113!;

;81;!000 =+=a

;8;0

13!;1!000 at =

I200;8;0

2:4113!;1!000=

=

Beraa er&)e#an "a)a' r&ug#er -)eaner

Per&)e#an "a)a' r&ug#er

+

== I10055I100.

.

cc tTfF

a"

fF

%#

$

I80;8I1005202!05101000

2:4113!; =+

=

Per&)e#an "a)a' -)eaner I100=a"

%#

I2!AAI100

2:4113!;

;0110;=

=c$

KESIMPULAN ; ro(#her 1&eaner

Ta#a -)eaner 6ertujuan untu$ 'e'6er(i#$an $&n(entrat "ari eng&t&rna (e"ang ta#a r&ug#er untu$ 'enga'

e6ana$ 'ung$in 'inera) 6er#arga. Artina er&)e#an "a)a' ta#a r&ug#er (e)a)u "iu(a#a$an tinggi (e"ang "a

r&(e( -)eaner ti"a$ ter)a)u tinggi.

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6LOTASI

Pengertian

Pe'i(a#an 'inera) 6er#arga "an ti"a$ 6er#arga 6er"a(ar$an tegangan er'u$aan "engan -ara 'engaung

arti$e) 'inera) $e *a(a 6ui#

Prin(i Pe'i(a#an

A"ana 'inera) 'engaung #i"r&*&6i$ta$ut airti"a$ 6a(a#5 "an ti"a$ 'engaung #i"r&*i)i$t

u"ara"i6a(a#i5

7e$ani('e

Pe'i(a#an

7e$ani('e )&ta(i

Keterangan

O 'inera) 'engaung #i"r&*&6i$5

'inera) tengge)a' #i"r&*i)i$5

Ta#aan )&ta(i

1. ,&n"iti&ning'eng$&n"i(i$an (ua(ana (e(uai ang $ita ingin$an

2. Pengaungan Aera(i Pengu"araan

)&ta(i 6er)ang(ung

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a$t&r+*a$t&r ang 'e'engaru#i *)&ta(i

1. U$uran 6utir u'u'na $urang "ari ! Q

2. Per(en (&)i"

3. PH

4. 9u')a# K&)e$t&r

!. 9u')a# e'6ui#

. 9u')a# "ere(ant

:. a$tu engaungan

8. a$tu eng$&n"i(ian

;. Laju U"ara

10. Ke-eatan enga"u$an %P7

Pera)atan )&ta(i

1. ,e)) )&ta(i

2. Den/er 7e(in )&ta(i

3. 7i-r&-e)) )&ta(i Ha))i'aun" Tu6e5

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!&lar

hir&!&*i< Or+ani'=H3 n&n&r+ani'

hir&!ili'

N&n$!&lar

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r&t#er Pe'6ui#

7&)e$u) r&t#er

,&nt r&t#er Pi)e &i) terentin5

7IB, 7eti) I(&6uti) ,ar6in&)5

PH %egu)at&r Pengatur PH

7enai$$an PH

Pena'6a#an $aur ,a NaH Na2,3 NH4H

7enurun$an PHH,) (u)*uri$ (u)*ur&(.

po&ar

h2ropo*1 -H4)O-4H>,:OH

G(#(s h2ro+s&/

%enar+ ar

Nonpo&ar

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A$ti/at&r Dere(ant Di(er(an

Na2,S35 R Na2,3H2S4 R Na,)

Gara'+gara' in &rgani-

Su"ut K&nta$ "an K&nta$ Tiga a(a

K&nta$ antara er'u$aan a"atan 'inera) "an ge)e'6

u"ara "i "a)a' air antar 'u$a a"atan u"ara "an a"atan

"iga'6ar$an "i ata( 6i"ang ang (a'a

Su"ut ang ter6entu$ antara er'u$aan a"at "an antar '

air ? u"ara "an "iu$ur 'e)a)ui *a(a air

J 0 n&)5 er'u$aan

a"atan "i(e)i'uti air #i"r&i)i$

J 180 u"ara 'enutui

a"atan

-&(D uapapu'oung =

ua

papu

=-&(

"i 'ana

J (u"ut $&nta$

u J tegangan antar 'u$a a"atan ? u"ara

a J tegangan antar 'u$a a"atan ? -air

ua J tegangan antar 'u$a u"ara ? air

NB Su"ut $&nta$ u$uran $e#i"r&&6)an er'u$aan 'inera)

PENURUNAN ENERGI BEBAS

Hu$u' II Ter'&"ina'i$a

Per)e$atan erti$e) a"a ge)e'6ung u"ara a$an 6er)ang(ung ji$a terja"i engurangan energi 6e6a( "ari ((te' ter(e

Vua

Va

Pa"atan'inera)

U"ara

Vuir

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Energi 6e6a( SEBELU7 terja"i er)e$atan antara arti$e) "an ge)e'6ung u"ara.

papaauau ""G ..1 +=

Energi 6e6a( SETELAH

15.1512 ++= pupapaauan ""G

Keterangan

G1 J energi 6e6a( (e6e)u' er)e$atan arti$e) ge)e'6ung u"ara erg5

G2J energi 6e6a( (ete)a# erg5

AaJ )ua( 6i"ang antar 'u$a a"at air erg-'25

AuJ )ua( 6i"ang antar 'u$a air u"ara erg-'25

51-&( = "UG

>&ung ? Dure

Diguna$an untu$ 'engana)i(a $e'ung$inan 6er)ang(ungna r&(e( *)&ta(i.

=G r&(e( *)&ta(i 6er)ang(ung

0=< 0>

7a$in 6e(ar (u"ut $&nta$WG 'a$in negati/e 6erarti engurangan energi 6e6a( 'a$in 6e(ar.

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Per)e$atan arti$e) a"a ge)e'6ung u"ara "aa aung

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POINT FERO O6 -HARGE )PF-,

PH "i 'ana a$ti/ita( a"a 'uatan er'u$aan+er'u$aan

PH PX, er'u$aan 6er'uatan M 5

PH PX, er'u$aan 6er'uatan ? 5

PX, "ier)u$an untu$ 'e'i)i# jeni( $&)e$t&r

A Pe'a$aian $&)e$t&r ani&ni-

B Pe'a$aian $&)e$t&r $ati&ni$

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LAPIS %ANGKAP ELEKT%IK ELE,T%I,AL DUBLE LA>E%5

K)a(en "an 7&u$(a

Si(te' "i 'ana terja"i e'i(a#an 'uatan )i(tri$ a"a antar *a(a aitu a"ana (atu )ai(an 6er'uatan

"an (atu )ai(an ?5.

Stru$tur Lai( %ang$a E)e$tri$

7 ? 7 Bagian "ari 'inera) )atti-e

? 1 Bata( antara )ai(an @)atti-eC ang 6eru6a# "an ti"a$ 6eru6a#

A A Ku)it a)ing "a)a' "ari "&u6)e )aer ang ter6entu$ &)e# ani&n

2 ? 2 Bata( *i(i$ 'ini'a) Y )arutan aZua

K ? $ Ku)it )uar "&u6)e )aer "engan i&n ang 6er)a

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JIGGING

Pengertian Pr&(e( e'i(a#an 'inera) ang 6ergantung a"a $e'a'uan arti$e) 'inera) 'ener&6&(

6er"a(ar$an er6e"aan u$uran "an (e-i*i- gra/it.

Prin(i e'i(a#an

7a'u ti"a$na 'inera) 'ener&6&( 6e"

+ 7a'uK&n(entrat 'e)e

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+ arti$e) ringan u$uran 6e(ar ter6a

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S$e'ati$ Si$)u( 9igging

SIKLUS 9IGGING

A. Pu)(i&n

B. Di**erentia) A--e)arati&n

,. Hin"ere" Sett)ing

D. Intertitia) Tri-)ing ,&n(&)i"ati&n

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AB J DA

B, J HS

, J ,r&(( )&