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Compiled by:y

As ep Ar diantoy

Fasch ia Camily

y

Lu s iana Ramadani

y

Mu h ammad Hanafi

POLITEKNIK NEGERI JAKARTAJurusan Teknik Konstruksi Bangunan Sipil

[1 Sipil 1 Pagi]

CURRICULUM AND MATE RIA LS DEVE LOP MENT

THE WORKING PAPER

[ PHRASE AND SIMPLE SENTENCE ]

Lec t u re r : Dr a. Er i Es te r Ch aira s

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PREFACE

Thankfulne ss prais e be to llah SW T bec au s e o nly by His-

bless ing, wr it e r c an finis h t his pape r. This pape r w a s m ade f or t he pu rpos e o f com plet ing t he pre s en t a t io n an d f or prov iding

inf orm a t io n f or t hos e w ho w an t to lea rn abo u t ph ra s e an d s im ple s en t en c e .

t t his mom en t , wr it e r w an ts to s ay t hank s to r a . r i st e rChai ra s a s t he lect u re r , an d to t hos e w ho ha ve s upp ort ed an d en co urage d t he wr it e r in m aking t his wor king pape r.

Wr it e r r ealize s t ha t t his pape r is im pe rfect an d ha s m an y m ist ake s. So plea s e do n t he s it a t e if yo u w an t to give t he wr it e rsom e adv ic e s or cr it ic isms.

Thank yo u .

Februa ry, 2011

Wr it e r

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

DESCRIPTION .................................................................. PAGE

PREFA CE .................................................................................... 2

TABL E O F CON TENTS .................................................................. 3

CHA P TER 1 P HRA S E .................................................................... 4

CHA P TER 2 SIMP LE S ENTENC ES .................................................. 6

BI BL IOGR

A PHY

........................................................................... 8

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CHAPTER 1

PHRA E

I. DEFINITION

A phrase is a group of words that adds meaning to a word. A phrase is not

a sentence because it is not a complete idea with a subject and a predicate. In a phrase, the main

word, or the word that is what the phrase is about, is called the head. The other words besides the

head have a function to do the work of changing, or modifying the head.

II. TYPES OF PHRASE

a. Noun PhraseIn a noun phrase, one or more words work together to give more information about a

noun. As we've seen, a noun phrase has a noun as its Head

all my dear ch ild n

the information age

seventeen hungry lions in the rocks

b .

Adjective Phrase

In an adjective phrase, one or more words work together to give more information

about an adjective.

so very sw ee t

ear ne st in her desire

very h a ppy with his work

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c.

V er b Phrase

In a verb phrase, one or more words work together to give more meaning to a verb.

In English, the verb phrase is very complex, but a good description of its many forms can be

foundhere.

y

Jump up and down

y

Are re c r uitin g

y

D o f ear

y

W ould be f o r c e d

d.

Adver b Phrase

In an adverb phrase, one or more words work together to give more information

about an adverb.

especially so f tly

f o r m er ly of the city of Perth

much too quick ly to see clearly

e . Prepositional phrase

In a prepositional phrase, one or more words work together to give information about

time, location, or possession, or co ndition.

a f t er a very long walk

b e h ind the old building

f o r all the hungry children

in c a se it should happen again

The preposition (the head) nearly always appears at the front of the phrase. A pre-Head string israrely present, but here are some examples:

y

straight t h r ou g h the window

y

right ov er the bar

y

just a f t er midnight

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CHAPTER 2

Simpl e se nt e n c e s

Rul e 1: Simple sentences can be very sh o r t, c onsistin g of only on e wo r d (a noun) for the subject and oneword (a verb) for the predicate. The noun is called the simpl e su bj e c t, a nd t h e ver b is t h e simpl e p re di c a t e

Ex: John laughed.

Rul e 2 : Simple sentences can be lon g , a lt h ou g h t h e y still c onsist of on e su bj e c t (a noun and modifiers) andone predicate (a verb and other elements). The noun is called the simpl e su bj e c t, a nd th e ver b is th e simpl e p re dic a t e .

Ex: The tall, good-looking boy with the curly blond hair laughed uproariously athis best friend ssuggestion.

Rul e 3: Simple sentences can be de c lara tiv e or int err o ga tiv e .

You can shop at the mall on the weekend. ( d e c lara tiv e )Can you shop at the mall on the weekend? ( int err o ga tiv e )

Rul e 4: Simple sentences can have a verb in any t e ns e (past, present, future), mood (indicative or

imperative), or voi c e (active or passive).Ex :

My friend shops at the mall on the weekend. ( p re se nt )My friend shopped at the mall last weekend. ( pa st )My friend will shop at the mall next weekend. ( f utu re )You shop at the mall every weekend. ( indi c a tiv e )Shop at the mall this weekend! ( imp era tiv e ; subject is you understood)The next player at bat hit the baseball into left field. ( a c tiv e )The baseball was hit into left field by the next player at bat. ( pa ssiv e )

Rul e 5: Simple sentences can have acompound su bj e

ct .Ex:

Simon and Garfunkel recorded an album that year. ( c ompound su bj e c t )America s best known novelists, journalists, and ed itors attended aconference in New York last week. ( c ompound su bje c t )Yellow-throated warblers, red-breasted robins, and flightless rails werepictured in her new bird identification guide. ( c ompound su bj e c t; nouns se para t e d by modi f ier s)

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Rul e 6: Simple sentences can have a c ompound p re di c a t e .Ex:

Marianne sang, danced, and played the violin with equal competence,passion, and enthusiasm. ( c ompound p re di c a t e )Her last semester in school, the brilliant student received top marks on allher final exams, graduated with honors, and was interviewed for a juniorfaculty position at the university. ( c ompound p re di c a t e ; ver bs se p ara t e d by modi f ier s)

Rul e 7: Simple sentences can have both a c ompound su bj e c t a nd a c ompound p re dic a t e .Ex:

The mashed avocado, minced garlic, olive oil, balsamic vinegar,mayonnaise, and lemon-flavored pepper should be blended thoroughly,whipped briefly for a light consistency, and served with warm tortillas.(c ompound su bj e c t a nd c ompound p re di c a t e )

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://www.ucl.ac.uk/internet-grammar/

http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrase

http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/sentencetext.htm#Simple

grammar.about.com

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_sentence

www.eslbee.com/sentences.htm

http://www.writingcentre.uottawa.ca/hypergrammar/sntstrct.html

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrase

ismailmidi.com/berita- 1 8 2-phrase.htm

http://leo.stcloudstate.edu/grammar/phraseformulas.html