P E R P A M S IPersatuan Perusahaan Air Minum Seluruh IndonesiaAssociation of Indonesian Water Supply Enterprises

www.perpamsi.org

IWA World Water Congress and Exhibition

10-14 September 2006, Beijing

Dr. Werner BRENNER, Advisor to PERPAMSI

INDONESIAN LESSONS LEARNED INDONESIAN LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE 2004 TSUNAMI DISASTER FROM THE 2004 TSUNAMI DISASTER

IN ACEH FOR WATER SECURITY IN ACEH FOR WATER SECURITY AND SAFETY MANAGEMENTAND SAFETY MANAGEMENT

Extensive toll on livesExtensive toll on lives More than 170.000 dead or missingMore than 170.000 dead or missing Around 500.000 displacedAround 500.000 displaced

Local administration collapsedLocal administration collapsed Resumed within 1 month after the TsunamiResumed within 1 month after the Tsunami

Lack of logistics / supplies, manpower, Lack of logistics / supplies, manpower, financial resources from Central financial resources from Central GovernmentGovernment Emergency stocks were not sufficient to deal Emergency stocks were not sufficient to deal

with the scale of disasterwith the scale of disaster

SNAPSHOT ON TSUNAMI RESPONSESNAPSHOT ON TSUNAMI RESPONSE

Lack of transportation infrastructures: Bottle-Lack of transportation infrastructures: Bottle-neck in the city of Medan / North Sumatraneck in the city of Medan / North Sumatra

Limited capacity of the airport to accommodate Limited capacity of the airport to accommodate busy traffic (Banda Aceh, Medan, Lhokseumawe)busy traffic (Banda Aceh, Medan, Lhokseumawe)

Limited capacity of harbors in Aceh Province Limited capacity of harbors in Aceh Province (Malahayati Harbor & Lhokseumawe Harbor)(Malahayati Harbor & Lhokseumawe Harbor)

Access to West Coast only by air and sea Access to West Coast only by air and sea transportation with a limited capacitytransportation with a limited capacity

SNAPSHOT ON TSUNAMI RESPONSESNAPSHOT ON TSUNAMI RESPONSE

SNAPSHOT ON TSUNAMI RESPONSESNAPSHOT ON TSUNAMI RESPONSE

Lack of communication infrastructuresLack of communication infrastructures

No regular facilities of communication No regular facilities of communication (cable/mobile phone) was available(cable/mobile phone) was available

Limited communication facility via satelliteLimited communication facility via satellite

Insurgency (GAM)Insurgency (GAM)

– Main problem during emergency operation Main problem during emergency operation (mobilization of supplies, expertise, equipment; (mobilization of supplies, expertise, equipment; construction of infrastructures)construction of infrastructures)

SNAPSHOT ON TSUNAMI RESPONSESNAPSHOT ON TSUNAMI RESPONSE

Abundance of support from all over the Abundance of support from all over the world arrivedworld arrived Donations, Humanitarian Assistance, Technical Donations, Humanitarian Assistance, Technical

Assistance,…..Assistance,…..

Coordination !! Coordination !!

Extensive damages on infrastructure, social Extensive damages on infrastructure, social sector, productive sector and cross sectorsector, productive sector and cross sector Banda Aceh: 60-80% Banda Aceh: 60-80%

East Coast: 40-60% East Coast: 40-60%

West Coast: 80-100%West Coast: 80-100%

Summary Table of Damages and Losses(US$ million)

Sectors in Aceh Province

Property  

Private Public Total Total

Infrastructure: 326 550 876 19.7%

Transport 166 370 536 12.0%

Communications 9 13 22 0.5%

Energy 1 67 68 1.5%

Flood Control, Irrigation, Sea Protection 132 89 221 5.0%

Water & Sanitation 18 11 29 0.7%

Social Sectors: Housing, Education, Health, Culture & Religion 1,440 300 1,740 39.1%

Productive Sectors: Agriculture, Fisheries, Enterprises 1,132 50 1,182 26.6%

Cross Sectors: Environment, Administration, Banking & Finance 562 89 651 14.6%

Total Impact 3,460 989 4,449 100.0%

DAMAGES AND LOSSES IN INFRA-STRUCTURE IN ACEH PROVINCE

166

9

1

132

18

370

13

67

11

89

-50100150200250300350400

Transport

Communications

Energy

Flood Control,Irrigation, Sea

Protection

Water & Sanitation

mio. US$

Private Public

PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY SERVICES IN ACEH PROVINCE

3,213,776

388,395

2,366,912

265,740

-500,0001,000,0001,500,0002,000,0002,500,0003,000,0003,500,000

Total Population

Serviced Population

Inhabitants

All Municipalities Affected Municipalities

PERPAMSI EMERGENCY RESPONSE & PERPAMSI EMERGENCY RESPONSE & LESSONS LEARNEDLESSONS LEARNED

Forming of a “Task Force” in PERPAMSI to Forming of a “Task Force” in PERPAMSI to provide immediate assistance shortly after provide immediate assistance shortly after the tsunami for emergency reliefthe tsunami for emergency relief– Fact finding mission went to AcehFact finding mission went to Aceh

– Coordination of activities on 3 levels: Coordination of activities on 3 levels:

In Jakarta: (PERPAMSI office) linking up with In Jakarta: (PERPAMSI office) linking up with the donor community, suppliers, organize the donor community, suppliers, organize transports for donated goods, organize staff transports for donated goods, organize staff support to utilities in Aceh, ….support to utilities in Aceh, ….

In Medan / Province North Sumatra: mostly In Medan / Province North Sumatra: mostly logistical support for the overland transport of logistical support for the overland transport of goods to Aceh, staff support from utilitiesgoods to Aceh, staff support from utilities

Distribution of goods to the utilities in Aceh Distribution of goods to the utilities in Aceh ProvinceProvince

PERPAMSI EMERGENCY RESPONSE & PERPAMSI EMERGENCY RESPONSE & LESSONS LEARNEDLESSONS LEARNED

Emergency relief support to affected water Emergency relief support to affected water

utilities in Aceh Province (1)utilities in Aceh Province (1)

– Installation of mobile water treatment plantsInstallation of mobile water treatment plants

– Provision of chemicals for water treatmentProvision of chemicals for water treatment

– Staff support from outside Aceh to operate Staff support from outside Aceh to operate

emergency installationsemergency installations

– Water tanker services to campsWater tanker services to camps

– Repair of utility water treatment installations Repair of utility water treatment installations

PERPAMSI EMERGENCY RESPONSE & PERPAMSI EMERGENCY RESPONSE & LESSONS LEARNEDLESSONS LEARNED

Emergency relief support to affected water Emergency relief support to affected water

utilities in Aceh Province (2)utilities in Aceh Province (2)

– Salary payments to utility staffSalary payments to utility staff

– Financial support for O&M of installationsFinancial support for O&M of installations

– Employment of new staff supported by donorsEmployment of new staff supported by donors

– Provision of equipment to utilities (pick-up trucks)Provision of equipment to utilities (pick-up trucks)

– Training and capacity building for new utility staffTraining and capacity building for new utility staff

– Constructing of deep wells for refugee campsConstructing of deep wells for refugee camps

PERPAMSI EMERGENCY PERPAMSI EMERGENCY RESPONSE & LESSONS LEARNEDRESPONSE & LESSONS LEARNED

National LevelNational Level

– With all water utilitiesWith all water utilities

– With governmental institutions With governmental institutions

– Private companies operating in the water sector Private companies operating in the water sector

International LevelInternational Level

– Water utility associationsWater utility associations

– Donor community Donor community

– NGOsNGOs

PARTNERSHIPS

LESSONS LEARNED FOR THE LESSONS LEARNED FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF INDONESIAGOVERNMENT OF INDONESIA

Organizational Set-up on National LevelOrganizational Set-up on National Level The existing national body for disaster was not The existing national body for disaster was not

effective to respond to the excessive impacteffective to respond to the excessive impact Executing Agencies: The technical departments of Executing Agencies: The technical departments of

the Ministries of Public Works, Ministry of Health, the Ministries of Public Works, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Communication and the Military)Ministry of Communication and the Military)

Requirement of a disaster actRequirement of a disaster act

CoordinationCoordination Very important in pooling and distributing Very important in pooling and distributing

responsibilities and available resources (funds, responsibilities and available resources (funds, equipment, manpower, supplies)equipment, manpower, supplies)

Requirement: A clear and strong command line Requirement: A clear and strong command line

CAPACITY RESPONSE

INDONESIAN TSUNAMI AND EARTH INDONESIAN TSUNAMI AND EARTH QUAKE HISTORYQUAKE HISTORY

Source: Latief H., N. T. Puspito, F. Imamura, (2000)

Destructive Tsunamis between 1992 and 2004

Location / Province Year Fatalities (Human)

Flores / NTT 1992 1.950

East Java 1994 238

Irian Jaya 1996 110

Toli-Toli / Sulawesi 1996 6

Taliabu / Sulawesi 1998 18

Banggai / Sulawesi 2000 4

Aceh 2004 170.000

INDONESIAN TSUNAMI AND EARTH INDONESIAN TSUNAMI AND EARTH QUAKE HISTORYQUAKE HISTORY

Source: Latief H., N. T. Puspito, F. Imamura, (2000)

Number of Tsunamis and their Sources in Indonesia between 1600 and 2000

Tsunami Source Number Percentage

Tsunamigenic Earthquake 96 90,5 %

Tsunamigenic Volcanos 9 8,6%

Tsunamigenic Landslide 1 1,1%

Total 106 100%