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Penelitian Bahasa dan Sasfra

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Fakultas SastraUniversitas Pamulang

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JurnalPenelitian Bahasa dun Sastra

DWI BAHASAINGGRIS - INDONESIA

ParadigmaLingua

Volume 1/Nomor I lJmi2012

SASTRA, T-INGuIsTx, DAN PBNGAJARAN BAHASA DAN SASTRAINGGRIS _ INDONESIA

PELINDIINGDrs. H. Darsono

Dr. Dayat Hidayat, M.M.Drs. H. Buchori H. Nuriman, M.M.

PENASEHAIDr. Yoyon Darusman, S.H, M.H.

Dr. Sarwani, M.T, M.M.Ir. Sewak4 M.T.

PENANGGLING JAWABDjasminarAnwar, BA Pg.Dipl, M.A.

PIMPINAN REDAKSIDra. Indrani Dewi Anggraini, M.Si.

WAKILREDAKSIYanArdian, S.S, M.Pd.

ANGGOTAREDAKSITryana S.S., M.A.

Ratmo, S.Pd, MM.Pd.Muhammad Wildan, S.S, M.A.I. Aeni Muharromah, S.S, M.M.

Drs. Ardiyan, MM.Pd

MITRABESTARIProf. Dr. Harimurti Kridalaksana, M.A.

Siti Wachidah, Ph.D.Dr. Santi C. Djohar

SEKRETAR]SYan Ardian, S.S, M.Pd.

**,,i*'illffiTi, r,TATAUSAHAHendri SusantoJejen Saputra

Jurnal penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra adalah iurnal ilmiah vansmemperkuat hasilpenelitian dan studi keousiakaan dalam Sida-nsBahisa dan Sastrd Inggris & Indonesia. terbit dua kali setahun;'

brilEn Juni dan Desember

Volume 1, Juni 2012 O

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PARADIGMA LINGUAJurnal Fakultas Bahasa dan Sastra

Volume 1, Nomor 1, Juni 2012

DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTARDAFTAR ISI

THE STUDY OF THE USE OF AUTHENTIC MATERIALS IN IMPROVINGLEARNERS,UNDERSTANDING IN USING GRAMMAR: A CASESTUDY AT PAMULANG UNIVERSITY AND BINUS UNIVERSITYIN INDONESIADjasminar Anwar (Pamulang University)Menik Winiharti (BINUS University)

BUDAYA SAKECO DALAM SUKU BANGSA SAMAWA: SEBUAHTINJAUAN NILAI PENDIDIKANMuhammad Wildan

ABORIGINALITY AND GENDER ISSUES REPRESENTED INA U STRALI AN.A BORIG IN E, CONTEM PORA RY L I TERATU R EIndrani Dewi Anggraini

TEACHING SPEAKING SKILL THROUGH ROLE-PLAY TECHNIQUEDiyah Iis Andriani & Ratmo

TEACHING SPEAKING SKILL USINC COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGETEACHING (CLT) IN CONTEXTUAL LEARNING PROCESS TO THEJUNIOR EIGHT YEAR .STUDENTSWirhayati

AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE REFLECTED tN THETHRE,E LYRICS OF SYSTEM OF A DOWNRocl;y Rivo,I\{amoto & Yan Ardian

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AMERICAN DREAM:A CONTENTANALYSIS TOWARD THE FILM..THE RON CLARK STORY"Sri Nitta Crissiana W.A.

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AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE REFLECTED

IN THE THREE LYRICS OF SYSTEM OF A DOWN

Roki Rivo Mamoto

Yan Ardian

English Department, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Pamulang

ABSTRACT

This research will analyze three songs lyrics of System of a Down the aim is to reveal the

figurative language to comprehend more of the songs and get the real meaning that the

songwriter tries to pictured. The five songs are “Chop Suey”, “Toxicity”, and “B.Y.O.B.”

The writer highlight two problems in the research, those are: 1) what kind of figurative

language that reveal in each song lyric and 2) what is the possible meaning of the lyrics. The

method used in this study is descriptive. In the analysis, the writer uses the theory of lyric

poetry and figurative language from Robert DiYanni, Frank Madden, Mario Kllarer and

Zaenudin Fananie. After completing this research and put it in written form, the writer come

to a conclusion that the figurative languages and its possible meanings from System of a

Down are used as a medium of protests and critics, especially to US government.

Key words: Literature, lyric poetry, figurative languages

REVIEW OF LITERATURES

In this subchapter the writer is going to display definitions, theories, and concepts about a

lyric, a figurative language and its meaning. They are as follows.

LYRIC POETRY

A genre of poetry is often subdivided into the two major categories of narrative and lyric

poetry. Narrative poetry includes genres such as the epic long poem, the romance, and the

ballad, which tell stories with clearly developed, structured plots. The shorter lyric poetry, the

focus of the following comments, is mainly concerned with one event, impression, or idea.

Klarer (2004: 142) terms lyric poetry as a variety of short poetic forms such as the sonnet,

the ode, and the elegy. In contrast to the more complex and longer narrative poetry, it usually

revolves around a single event, impression, or idea.

Madden (2002: 76) state that lyric poetry is the most popular form of poetry written

today. Lyric poems are characterized by the expressions of the speaker’s innermost feelings,

thoughts, and imagination. The word lyric is taken from a stringed musical instrument called

the lyre, which was used in classical and medieval times to accompany a singer. In addition

to the very subjective stance of the speaker, lyric poems are melodic a melody not derived

from a lyre but from words and their arrangement.

Differing from the statements above DiYanni (2002: 411) proposes that lyric poetry is

typically characterized by brevity, melody, and emotional intensity. The music of lyrics

makes them memorable and their brevity contributes to the intensity of their emotional

expressions and is originally designed to be sung to a musical accompaniment. Lyrics have

been the predominant type of poetry in the west for several hundred years. The tones, moods,

and voices of lyric poems are as variable and as complexly intertwined as human feeling,

though, and imagination allow. Generally considered the most compressed poetic type, the

lyric poem typically expresses much in little.

The writer thinks that each one of the theory above has a power and weaknesses. For

example the theories from Klarer are more abstract and are restricted only to the literary

aspects instead Madden and DiYanni elaborate theory that is more subjective and connects to

the human feelings.

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

Figurative language is often characterized by the use of figures of speech, elaborate

expressions and sound devices (Fananie, 2002). Furthermore he describes, to obtain the desired

effects; figurative languages are grouped into comparison and similarities directly or indirectly. There

are fifteen types of figurative language, and they are as follow.

Simile

Figures of speech compare the same thing with another. These comparisons are explicit

and are stated by using a word such as as, like, alike. I exemplifies as follows

a. His teeth is white as a pearl b. His presence in this group is just like a thorn in our flesh.

As a pearl and like a thorn in our flesh are kinds of simile since they are identical to the

objects referred previously.

In simile the comparison mentioned explicit, that is directly expressing the similar

comparison between one object and another. This comparison has to be specific and needs

the sign posting words between two kinds of ideas or objects.

Metaphor

Figurative style contains an expression that compares two things directly, usually a short

form. That’s why in metaphor it is not use words such, as, like, alike, etc. I exemplifies as

follows.

That girl is like a blossom flower-the girl is a blossom flower He is slick like a snake-he is a snake

Metaphor and simile are both terms that describe a comparison things that are essentially

unlike; the only difference between a metaphor and a simile is that a simile makes the

comparison explicit by using some words or phrase such as like similar to or seems while in

metaphor the identity asserts without such connective.

Personification

Personification often called prosopopuia, a form of figurative style that is shown to treat

inanimate objects as if it has the characteristics of human being.

Now the sand and water sleeps into the silent of the night

In the definition above, the figurative terms of the comparison is a human being, wheatear

in its behaviors feelings or other human attributes. In personification the reader is asked to

actually visualizing the term in human forms for example, sign posting words between two

kinds of ideas or objects.

Allusion

Figurative style that is trying to suggests parallels between place, people or events. I

exemplifies as follows.

Bandung is Paris van java

From the definition and example above the writer conclude that allusion refers to an

explicit or implicit reference to well-known events, characters or places, mythology or

literature, by using it conviction that the reader or the hearer is familiar with the things

spoken about.

Eponym

Figurative style in which a person's name in use to connect with certain traits so the name

can be use to express certain traits is called eponym.

Tarzan is used to express primitive behavior Samson, Hercules etc.

The writer personally thinks that Eponym is a figurative language that stressed on Names

as the basic principle and uses certain names to express something which perhaps includes

place, tribe and era.

Epithet

The style of language describes or defines a person's name or description of things that

contain one special characteristic is called epithet.

Lion or The king of the jungle Roaster for morning bells

The characteristic carried by those words has a strong effect on the interpretations itself.

Allegory

Allegory is a picture metaphorically about an abstract notion or also described such a

metaphor but as a symbol of expression only.

Poetry boat, describes about a person life full with struggle and obstacle before reaches the destination.

The name and event in allegory maybe abstract but the purpose is always clear. The

meaning of allegory should be drawn up to the surface in understanding it. Although the

surface story or description may have its own interest, the songwriter major interest in the

ulterior meaning.

Synecdoche

Synecdoche is the use of figurative language, pars pro toto, the style of expression that

uses a part of something to declare the whole thing.

To watch the spectacle, costs Rp.100, 00 per head He always lend me a hand

Totem pro parte, is the style of language that uses a whole to express a part of something.

In the provision Olympics, Indonesia got knock down 4-0 by South Korea

Metonymy

Figurative style is used to reveal a word to express something else because there is a close

affinity. These relationships can be the name finder, its findings, due to causes and vice versa,

to declare the contents of the skin, etc.

He/she is studying the law of Newton

He has push his strength to the limit

Metonymy and synecdoche are alike in that both substitute some significant detail or

aspect of an experience for the experience itself.

Hipalase

A style of language where a certain word used to describe a word that should be put on

other word is hipalase.

Every day he boarded the boat that was tired,

The true meaning of the sentence is the person who is tired not the board. In Hipalase the

word are selective and only can be use to replace the whole meaning of the context.

Irony, Cynicism and Sarcasm

Irony is the same sense of style with cynicism and sarcasm, which is a satire that is not

appropriate to the circumstances that are expected. Cynicism sarcasms are rougher and

painful if compared with irony.

I know that you are very smart (irony, cynicism) Your behavior disgust me

The words which employ irony are not to be taken literary because they are saying one

thing that means another. Irony has meanings that extend beyond its use merely has figure of

speech.

Innuendo

Style of language which contains allusions to minimize the actual reality is called

Innuendo. It can also be a critique with suggestions that do not directly.

He always has a party with his fortune that he gets from his small Corruption. His wife ask for divorce because he rarely beats her

Innuendo almost has the same identical meaning with Irony only in Innuendo the word

used is indirect remark about somebody or something, usually suggesting something bad,

mean or rude.

Antiphrasis

That style of language that shows the opposite meanings.

You are the smartest person on earth You are so attractive

Paronomasia

The style of figurative language that uses the slope of the sound can also be a game of

words by using sounds, but both the word has different meanings.

You’re a super……super idiot! Hello there sweet….sweet monkey

In other word Paronomasia as a sentence or utterance in which "two different sets of ideas

are expressed, and we are confronted with only one series of words

Euphemism

Style of language that is use to refine a phrase and to replace the phrase that might seem

rude to insult or offend

Ever since his wife left her, he became a slow thinker

Euphemism also substitutes a description of something or someone to avoid revealing

secret, holy, or sacred names to the uninitiated, or to obscure the identity of the subject of a

conversation from potential eavesdroppers. Some euphemisms are intended to amuse.

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE AND MEANING

Connotation

Connotation is the additional meaning that a word or phrase beyond its central meaning.

Furthermore Richards (2000:108) said that these meanings show people’s emotions and

attitudes towards what the word or phrase refers to. For instance,” child” could be defined as

“a young human being” but there are many other characteristics which different people

associate with “child”, e.g., affectionate, amusing, lovable, sweet, mischievous, noisy,

irritating, and grubby.

Some connotations may be shared by a group of people of the same cultural or social

background, sex, or age; others may be restricted to one or several individuals and depend on

their personal experience.

Denotation

Richards (2000:148) states that denotation is that part of meaning of a word or phrase that

relates it to phenomena in the real world or in a fictional or possible world. For example, the

denotation of the English word bird is a two-legged, winged, egg-laying, warm-blooded

creature with a beak. Another example, the denotation of the English word “elephant” is the

largest four-footed animal now living, with curved ivory and a long trunk.

Denotation is obviously easy to identify because unlike connotation which use emotions

and other human birth knowledge the words in denotations are described in dictionary as

what it’s truly appears.

Explication

Madden (2002: 75) said that an explication involves a line-by-line analysis of a text. Most

poems are relatively brief and by their nature “packed with meaning.” So they present a good

opportunity for a very close reading and examination –an opportunity to look closely at

sounds, words, images, lines, and how they all work together to deliver the poems meaning.

An explication is not just a summary or translation of the poet’s language into your own; it is

a detailed interpretation of how and what you believe the poem means.

Theme

Theme is an abstraction or generalization drawn from the details of literary work and

theme refers to an idea or intellectually apprehensible meaning inherent and implicit in a

work as stated by DiYanni (2001: 482).

DiYanni (2004) also stated that the definitions of theme and meaning are rather

ambiguous. DiYanni distinguishes theme as the meaning of a text from its mere subject or

topic. He defines theme as "an idea or intellectually apprehensible meaning inherent and

implicit in a work" (p. 608), and/or as something that "we abstract" (p. 86) from a text and

which can be summarized in a statement (p. 609), and/or as our aesthetic experience of

literature (p. 935).

Both definitions of theme by DiYanni showed that inherent and implicit are the core of

the main idea in a work.

RESEARCH METHOD

In this research the writer is going to use the qualitative study, which according to Ogawa

and Malens (1991) has eight steps in regarding to literary dissertation these steps are as

follows:

Step 1: Create an audit trail. In this step, the reviewer carefully documents all of the steps

that are taken. The audit trail serves as documentation to make clear the evidence that

supports each finding, where that evidence can be found, and how that evidence was

interpreted.

Step 2: Define the focus of the review. The problem formation stage mentioned earlier is

similar to this step. In this stage the constructs of the review are defined and, thereby, it is

determined what to include in the review and what to leave out.

Step 3: Search for relevant literature. In addition to qualitative research reports, no

research reports such as memos, newspaper articles, or meeting minutes should also be

included in the review and not necessarily regarded as having less value than qualitative

research reports.

Step 4: Classify the documents. In this step the reviewer classifies the documents

according to the types of data they represent. For example, some documents might be first-

hand reports of qualitative research, others may be policy statements about the issue in

question, and still other types of data might describe projects surrounding the issue.

Step 5: Create summary databases. This step is similar to the data evaluation stage. In

this stage the reviewer develops coding schemes and attempts to reduce the information in the

relevant documents.

Step 6: Identify constructs and hypothesized causal linkages. After summary databases

have been created, the task is to identify the essential themes of the documents and create

hypotheses about the relationships between the themes. The goal here, unlike meta-analysis,

is to increase the understanding of the phenomena being investigated, not to integrate

outcomes and identify factors that ovary with outcomes.

Step 7: Search for contrary findings and rival interpretations. In the tradition of primary

qualitative research, it is necessary to actively search for contrary findings and rival

interpretations. One might, for example, reread the documents at this point to search for

contrary evidence.

Step 8: Use colleagues or informants to corroborate findings. Corroborating findings also

parallels primary qualitative research. In this step, one shares a draft of the report with

colleagues and informants, such as the authors of the documents included in the review,

requesting that they critically analyze the review. In this way, based on the extent of

agreement among the informants, the reviewer can confirm the degree to which the review’s

conclusions are sound.

The main instruments in collecting the data for this research is the writer himself,

through many ways such as reading, findings, identifying and giving other important notes

from the data source.

Here the writer uses the descriptive analysis, in which by using a few steps. The first

step describes data collected for the use of research. Within this phase of research, lyrics on

the song are exposed along with their background. While the sentences that contains

figurative language are listed in a table. As the songs analyzed are those five songs of system

of a down. The next step is analysis the data. The writer divides the analyzing phase into

types of figurative language and figurative language possible meaning and/or message.

FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS

1st Lyric: Chop Suey

Wakeup 1 Grab a brush and put a little (makeup) Grab a brush and put a little Hide the scars to fade away the (shakeup) Hide the scars to fade away the, 5 Why'd you leave the keys upon the table? Here you go create another fable You wanted to, Grab a brush and put a little makeup, You wanted to, 10 Hide the scars to fade away the shakeup, You wanted to, Why'd you leave the keys upon the table? You wanted to,

I don't think you trust, in, my, self righteous suicide, 15 I, cry, when angels deserve to die, die, Wake up, Grab a brush and put a little (makeup), Grab a brush and put a little, Hide the scars to fade away the (shakeup) 20 Hide the scars to fade away the, Why'd you leave the keys upon the table? Here you go create another fable You wanted to, Grab a brush and put a little makeup, 25 You wanted to, Hide the scars to fade away the shakeup, You wanted to, Why'd you leave the keys upon the table? You wanted to, 30 I don't think you trust, in, my, self righteous suicide, I, cry, when angels deserve to die In my, self righteous suicide, I, cry, when angels deserve to die Father, Father, Father, Father, 35 Father/ into your hands/I/commend my spirit, Father, into your hands, Why have you forsaken me, in your eyes forsaken me, in your thoughts Forsaken me in your heart forsaken, me oh, Trust in my self righteous suicide, I, cry, when angels deserve to die, 40 In my self righteous suicide, I, cry, when angels deserve to die.

Types of Figurative Language

The writer found four (4) types of figurative language in system of a down Chop suey

lyric, they are; Euphemism, synecdoche, allegory and Irony. The figurative languages found

are described per line with their possible meaning as follows.

Euphemism (5)

1) Why’d you LEAVE THE KEYS upon the table? (Line 6)

2) Grab a brush and put a little (MAKEUP), (Line2)

3) Hide the scars to fade away the (SHAKEUP) (Line4)

4) Here you go create another FABLE (Line7)

5) I, cry, when ANGELS deserve to DIE (Line16)

Synecdoche (1)

1) YOU wanted to, (Line 8)

Irony (3)

1) I don't think you TRUST, in, my, self RIGHTEOUS SUICIDE (Line 15)

2) FATHER into your hands I commend my spirit (Line 36)

3) Why have you forsaken me, in your eyes forsaken me, in your thoughts forsaken me in your heart

forsaken, me oh (Line 38-39)

Allegory

1) The lyric title “Chop Suey”

Possible Meaning

The figurative languages found in the song are those of Euphemism, Synecdoche,

Allegory and Irony. The figurative languages found are described per line with their possible

meaning as follows.

Why'd you leave the KEYS upon the table? (Euphemism)

In this sentence the writer found that the author is trying to deliver a message of

something important by using the word KEYS which is the core of this line. The songwriter

uses the KEY to substitute TRUTH. The songwriter choose that word for its closely related to

what the song writer actually meant which is the TRUTH means people such Government of

the United States keeps ignored and discourse the fact and the truth about their intervention in

the Armenian genocide massacre.

Grab a brush and put a little (MAKEUP) (Euphemism)

The song writer stress on the word makeup which is generally known as a tool that help

cover up something to make it better. The songwriter uses the word makeup to hide the true

meaning though these sentences are intended for the United States government. Here the

songwriter uses the word makeup to convey a message about the efforts of government of the

United States who tried to cover up the truth about their intervention in the massacre of the

Armenian genocide.

Hide the SCARS to fade away the SHAKEUP (Euphemism)

Related with the previous sentence in this sentence the song writer also tries to send the

message to the reader and listener about the United states government cover up, but in this

sentence the song writer uses different word like scars and shakeup, which probably in a

literary term meaning they the United states government already know about their mistakes

or scars in the past and feel ashamed about that but they try to hide it from the people of U.S

and the world.

Here you go create another FABLE (Euphemism)

According to Oxford FABLE (2003:147)“is a short story, especially as animal as the

main character that teaches a lesson”. In this sentence the song writer uses the word fable

which is a more polite interpretation of what the United States government or the main

character itself or the animal. Again with their Effort to covers up the truth by creating a fake

stories Fable and off course there are no moral lessons at all.

I, cry, when angels deserve to die (Euphemism)

As defined in Oxford (2003:14) Angels is a “beautiful or a very kind person” in general

people often interprets angel as nice or good things. The song writer who is personally

descendents of the Armenian genocides victims tries to convinced the hearers that he feel sad

I cry to see Angels mean good people such as the victims of the Armenian genocide who

never committed any sins have to suffer and die.

YOU wanted to, (Synecdoche - pars pro toto)

In this sentence the word you is expressed to represent the government of the U.S and all

people is their systems who obviously intended wanted to covers the truth from public.

I don’t think you TRUST, in, my, SELF RIGHTEOUS SUICIDE, (Irony)

In this sentence once again the song writer secretly convey a message of truth means that

many people even the U.S people itself believe even some of them are suspicious about the

United States involved in the Armenian genocide massacre.

In, my, SELF RIGHTEOUS SUICIDE, means that the victims of the Armenian genocide

is indeed committed a self righteous suicide ironically it means that they are murdered and

killed with no reason at all.

FATHER into your hands I commend my spirit - Why have you forsaken me, in your eyes forsaken

me, in your thoughts forsaken me, in your heart forsaken, me (Irony)

These words are two of seven last words of Jesus Christ in the cross according to

Christian’s beliefs. Even though there are religious message expressed in this song as many

of system of a down songs, but the word “I“ in the context is not referred to Jesus Christ the

song writer tries to send another message about the fact that among the victims of the

Armenian genocide there were also numerous “Protestant missionary” compounds

established in Armenian-populated regions, these Protestant missionary has strong beliefs on

God or in this lyric refers to Father and these missionaries give their sanctuary into your

hands I commend my spirit means they trust their salvation only to God. Ironically in fact the

word Father or god in this song is converted to the Ottoman Empire as the executioner of the

Armenian genocide massacre. Acting like they were God himself taking life of humans.

Chop suey (Allegory)

Chop Suey in general means a kind of Chinese dish consist of all kinds of meats.

Allegory is an interpretations of something into a symbolize meaning in this song the song

writer allegorize of Chop suey as a dish filled with a mix of all the leftovers meaning the

leftovers of stories of the actual events of the Armenian genocide that people never heard or

exposed to public.

2nd Lyric: Toxicity

Conversion, software version 7.0, 1 Looking at life through the eyes of a tire hub Eating seeds as a past time activity The toxicity of our city, of our city

New, what do you own the world? How do you own disorder, disorder? 5 Now, somewhere between the sacred silence, sacred silence and sleep Somewhere, between the sacred silence and sleep Disorder, disorder, disorder

More wood for their fires, loud neighbors Flashlight reveries caught in the headlights of a truck 10 Eating seeds as a past time activity The toxicity of our city, of our city New, what do you own the world? How do you own disorder, disorder? Now, somewhere between the sacred silence, Sacred silence and sleep 15 Somewhere, between the sacred silence and sleep Disorder, disorder, disorder Disorder, disorder, disorder… When I became the sun, I shone life into the man's hearts When I became the sun, I shone life into the man's hearts 20

Types of Figurative Language

The writer found four (4) types of figurative language in system of a down toxicity lyric,

they are; Personification, Synecdoche, Euphemism and Allegory. The figurative languages

found are described per line with their possible meaning as follows.

Personification (1)

1) Looking at life through the eyes of a tire hub (Line 2)

Synecdoche (1)

1) Conversion, software version 7.0 (Line 1)

Euphemism (5)

1) Flashlight reveries caught in the headlights of a truck (Line 10)

2) Eating seeds as a past time activity (Line 3)

3) New, what do you own the world? How do you own disorder, disorder? (Line 5)

4) Now, somewhere between the sacred silence (Line 6)

5) When I became the sun, I shone life into the man's hearts (19)

Allegory (2)

1) Toxicity

2) More wood for their fires, loud neighbors (9)

Possible Meaning

The figurative languages found in the song are those of personification, synecdoche,

euphemism and allegory. The figurative languages found are described per line as follows.

Looking at life through the eyes of a tire hub (Personification)

The song writer uses the word tire hub and determined that as if it has eyes. Though the

song writer correct interpretation of this sentence is a point of view if you’re looking out from

a tire and it obvious that all you can see is the street flashing by so fast and spokes. Means all

you care about is how fast you’re going, but you never notice what you’re passing. You only

saw what in front of you all the good and nice thing in front of you but you never looked

around for details you never knew or even care about the poor society and the dying

environment.

Conversion, software version 7.0 (Synecdoche - pars pro toto)

In this line the song writer is obviously mocking the entire computers corporation. The

song writer uses the word “Software” as a replacement of all the American Computers

company and furthermore give a message to all the reader and listener that computers

produced by multinational company around the globe is polluting the mind of society

especially teenagers with their visual addiction that makes our minds hypnotized hard to

separate what is fantasy and reality sometimes in many cases also became a trigger for a

person in committing crime such as blackmail, Freud and sexual crime and eventually in the

end giving it causes permanent addiction.

Flashlight reveries caught in the headlights of a truck (Euphemism)

The song writer convey the message in this line as people who lives in a world were all

their needs and activities are depends on technology means computers. they do what

technology told them to do and work with technology as their best friends, accompanied them

in their daily lives but in the end these people will discover that their own mind is being

polluted by technology or being caught in the headlights of a truck though it is to late for

them to realize it.

Eating seeds as a past time activity (Euphemism)

The word seeds carries context of the whole meaning of the song which is the real

interpretation of Pollution. Seeds are product of nature and by kept stealing or eating it from

nature it is no other than environment killing, in fact people sometimes just do it for fun or

past time activity meaning for their own advantage.

Toxicity (Allegory)

Toxicity stands for two words Toxic-City, these two words include the main theme of

the song, the song writer allegorizes toxicity as polluted society and polluted environment or

pollution caused by human with their inventions Furthermore the song writer purposes this

song to protest the government, rich greed people, and company owner for their lack of

ignorance about poor society and environment.

More wood for their fires, loud neighbors (Allegory)

The word loud neighbors contain allegory in the sense that it symbolizes poor people

means poor in education, material, and who obviously is being tricked by those people with

power. People with power feeds those poor people with fake dreams and false promises

giving them pleasure in the beginning but eventually caused suffer in the end.

New, what do you own the world? How do you own disorder, disorder? (Euphemism)

In this sentence the song writer intended the word new to represent the new government

of the U.S, because this song was released on 2001 only a year from the new government of

U.S with George W. Bush as the new president.

The song writer pictured the message so clear about government which often times act like

they do own the world and here the song writer want to deliver a message that government

don’t own anything. Because you can’t own disorder means you can’t control Society.

Now, somewhere between the sacred silence (Euphemism)

The song writer uses more polite words such as sacred silence to substitute’s the word

prison. As describe in the previous line when government can’t control the society or

disorder government than uses their law systems as a shield they then create a conspiracy to

bring innocent people such as activists to prison. Next the song writer added the word sleep

which is a more sarcastic intention meaning death.

When I became the sun, I shone life into the man's hearts. (Euphemism)

The interpretations of the word sun in this line is pictured as the governments, rich people

and multinational company who has power and money and with their powers and money they

enslave the society by giving them false promises and fake dreams I shone life into the man's

hearts.

3rd Lyric: B.Y.O.B

WHY DO THEY ALWAYS SEND THE POOR! 1 Barbarisms by Barbaras With pointed heels Victorious, victories kneel for brand new spankin' deals Marching forward hypocritic and hypnotic computers You depend on our protection yet you feed us lies from the table cloth 5 La la la la la la la la la Everybody’s going to the party have a real good time Dancing in the desert blowing up the sunshine Kneeling roses disappearing, Into Moses’ dry mouth Breaking into Fort Knox, Stealing our intentions 10 Hangars sitting dripped in oil,Crying FREEDOM! Handed to obsoletion, Still you feed us lies from the table cloth. La la la la la la la la la, Everybody’s going to the party have a real good time Dancing in the desert blowing up the sunshine 15 Everybody’s going to the party have a real good time Dancing in the desert blowing up the sunshine Blast off, it's party time, and we don't live in a fascist nation, Blast off, it's party time, And where the fuck are you? Where the fuck are you? 20 Where the fuck are you? Why don’t presidents fight the war? Why do they always send the poor? Why don’t presidents fight the war? Why do they always send the poor? 25 Why do they always send the poor? Why do they always send the poor? Why do they always send the poor? Kneeling roses disappearing, Into Moses’ dry mouth Breaking into Fort Knox, Stealing our intentions 30 Hangars sitting dripped in oil, Crying FREEDOM! Handed to absolution, still you feed us lies from the tablecloth La la la la la la la la la, Everybody’s going to the party have a real good time 35 Dancing in the desert blowing up the sunshine. Everybody’s going to the party have a real good time Dancing in the desert blowing up the sunshine Where the fuck are you! Where the fuck are you! 40 Why don’t presidents fight the war? Why do they always send the poor? Why don’t presidents fight the war? Why do they always send the poor?

Why do they always send the poor? 45 Why do they always send the poor? Why, do, they always send the poor Why, do, they always send the poor Why, do, they always send the poor They only send the poor 50 They only send the poor

Types of Figurative Language

The writer found seven (7) types of figurative language in system of a down Toxicity

lyric, they are; Irony, Antiphrasis, Allusion, Allegory, Synecdoche, Personification and

Metonymy. The figurative languages found are described per line with their possible meaning

as follows.

Synecdoche (1)

1) WHY DO THEY ALWAYS SEND THE POOR! (Line 1)

Irony (4)

1) Barbarisms by Barbaras With pointed heels (Line 2)

2) You depend on our protection yet you feed us lies from the table cloth (Line 5)

3) Why don’t presidents fight the war? (Line 22)

4) Handed to obsoletion, still you feed us lies from the table cloth (Line 12)

Antiphrasis (1)

1) Everybody’s going to the party have a real good time (Line 14)

Allusion (3)

1) Dancing in the desert blowing up the sunshine (Line 8)

2) Breaking into Fort Knox, Stealing our intentions (Line 10)

3) Hangars sitting dripped in oil, Crying FREEDOM! (Line 31)

Allegory (2)

1) Kneeling roses disappearing, Into Moses’ dry mouth (Line 9)

2) B.Y.O.B

Metonymy (1)

1) Victorious, victories kneel for brand new spankin' deals (Line 3)

Personification (1)

1) Marching forward hypo critic and hypnotic computers

Possible Meaning

The figurative languages found in the song are those of Irony, Antiphrasis, Allusion,

Allegory, Synecdoche, Personification and Metonymy. The figurative languages found are

described per line as follow.

WHY DO THEY ALWAYS SEND THE POOR! (Synecdoche- pars pro toto)

Synecdoche is the use of figurative language that uses a part of something to declare the

whole thing. In this sentence the songwriter uses the word poor to declare many things as

explained above about synecdoche which is a word that uses to a part of something to declare

the whole. The songwriter uses the word poor to declare poor of judgment, poor of

understanding, poor of intention and poor of purposes

The meaning of these words described by the songwriter as soldier of the U.S military

force who has a lack of experience in a real combat field, If we look in the statistics taken

from newsflash (CNN: 2003) it described how the casualties of the U.S troops gain every

month with a minor casualties on the Iraq people the condition itself is caused by the heavy

territory of the dessert of Iraq and the lack of communication and cooperation from the native

people it also says that many of these U.S soldiers are still young, they often act reckless and

kill innocent people including children and women and sometime even risk their own life.

Next is the lack of understanding or knowledge about the issue of war these soldier only

hears and believe what their superiors tells them to do and discoursed all the fact. Poor of

intention means the soldier have a lack of Intention and great doubt in joining the war their

mind are feed with false doctrine and ideology caused them to follow order not their instinct

the last is the poor of purposes, with no obvious purpose and reason these soldiers are forced

against their will to fight in war those who do not know what they are doing or even more

often don’t know what they are murdering for.

Barbarisms by Barbaras With pointed heels (Irony)

The word Barbarism In this sentence has the opposite contradiction with the word pointed

hells an obvious statement of irony. The songwriter tries to explain that barbarian as in

Oxford means people who uncivilized, wild and cruel in this sentence refers to people and

land of Iraq is being taking over or ruled also by barbaras refers to the U.S military which

equipped with pointed hells refers to education, rank and power.

You depend on our protection yet you feed us lies from the table cloth (Irony)

The songwriter refers this sentence to citizens and the government in general. The

government depends on for i.e. the armed forces to protect their ideology and the system that

keeps them and the rich at the top. The songwriter is saying that the people of U.S consume

their lies as if it were food i.e. through the media, terror alerts and weapons of mass

destruction. The people of the U.S consume fear, and that makes them easier to control.

Everybody’s going to the party have a real good time (Antiphrasis)

The sentence is actually meant the party is Iraq and propaganda from the government who

makes it almost sound like a party, obviously showing us the opposite meaning. But

furthermore the government needs people to join the war because of the shortage of troops,

this is one of the many reasons the songwriter uses the word party it means that the more

people join the party or war the bigger chance of their winning or have a real good time.

Dancing in the desert blowing up the sunshine (Allusion)

Dancing in the desert, the word dessert refers to a place which is Iraq, blowing up

sunshine means being careless and wrecks less in war. To these hypocrite Iraq is just another

mine field and that soldiers and troops are just workers waiting and doing what their

superiors want them to say and do, despite all the facts that these soldiers has minor

understanding in war.

Breaking into Fort Knox, Stealing our intentions (Allusion)

Fort Knox refers to a place which is a super utility military base of the U.S as biggest

industrial and suppliers of weapon for the war in Iraq. The songwriter focused on Fort Knox

as he can say to be the symbol of U.S defense power known world wide as the best in weapon

making. Furthermore the songwriter elaborate the efforts Stealing our intentions of the

government of the U.S turning the basic law of the U.S military weapon to be used for

defense only to offense in the Iraq war.

Hangars sitting dripped in oil, Crying FREEDOM! (Allusion)

This sentence shows that the U.S war against Iraq is being fought for one main reason oil

and other necessities and the government cover up their horrible war with cries meaning

colonialism which left nothing but suffer and that the government has taken the freedom of

Iraqi people in their own land.

The whole idea of capturing the international Terrorists is just a temporary conspiracy

giving time and space for the government of the U.S to secretly perform a strategy on how to

claim Iraq greatest treasure that is Oil. Even though the U.S troops finally caught the

terrorists but it doesn’t change the fact that U.S according to the songwriter are the true

terrorists.

Kneeling roses disappearing, Into Moses’ dry mouth (Allegory)

The song writer allegorizes this sentence and focused on two words kneeling roses and

Moses dry mouth. Kneeling roses according to Wikipedia refers to Golden Rose a gold

ornament, which popes of the Catholic Church have traditionally blessed annually. It is

occasionally conferred as a token of reverence or affection. Recipients have included military

figures, and governments. Moses dry mouth according to the Biblical stories Moses and his

people were condemned to roam the DESERTS for 40 years before being able to enter the

Promised Land. Means that even the soldiers who fought in Iraq have no choice than to live

in a dessert like Moses consider by the songwriter as a punishment for their sins. These

soldiers have a great doubt and lack of intentions in their heart but because of false ideology

using the mask of religions these people the U.S government manage to convince their troops

to go fight in Iraq. In fact in many histories religion is one of the main reasons for war. These

two words and the interpretations showed us Strong religious influence as same with most of

System of down songs.

B.Y.O.B (Allegory)

B.Y.O.B is an abbreviation and it stands for Bring Your Own Bomb this is definitely the

message of the song. It means that the U.S should fight their own war with their own bombs,

themselves, and not for someone else or for no other reason.

Why don’t presidents fight the war? (Irony)

In this sentence the song writer provides the listeners with a question why don’t

presidents fight the war? It sound ironically in the sense that why do presidents as the leaders

of a nation and off course as the decisions maker don’t fight the war in person but rather

sends wreck less troops? In the old time presidents are consider to be the leader in war.

Troops and soldier only came and fought in war if their leader fought together with them.

Perhaps the answer of the question according to the songwriter is in B.Y.O.B itself means

that war sometimes occurs on one’s own desires. War shouldn’t happen for any reason at all.

It is better that you bring your own war with you.

Handed to obsoletion, still you feed us lies from the table cloth (Irony)

In this sentence the songwriter uses the word obsoletion means that the true intentions of

the U.S governments has changed from targeting international terrorists becoming a scene of

profit for their own self which is oil, but ironically using the force and safety guarantee from

their own people table cloth to fight for them in a war.

Victorious, victories kneel for brand new spankin' deals (Metonymy)

Victorious kneel has a close affinity with a famous American football term - In American

football, according to Wikipedia Victorious kneel is when a quarterback kneel, also called

taking a knee, genuflect offense, or victory formation occurs when the quarterback

immediately kneels to the ground after receiving the snap. It is primarily used to run the clock

down in order to preserve a lead or a win.

Here the songwriter is experiments with more recognizable words, words so familiar

with the U.S people. American Football is a national sports and every people in U.S knows it

and by giving them message using their most favorite sports terms the songwriter hopes to

get a better effect. The sentence however means that soldier and troop of U.S are planning a

secret winning formation even it has to sacrifice them this entire plan is caused by the new

goals of their superior from capturing terrorists to owning Oil.

Marching forward hypo critic and hypnotic computers (Personification)

In this sentence marching forward hypo critic means government has a backwards view

on the war, and geopolitically definitely not making any good marks. But the songwriter truly

intention for this sentence is in hypnotic computers as if computer as a technology wanted us

to depend on it and hypnotizing us to use it, as for example many of new technologies like

smart bombs, rockets with radar, and highly computerized tanks which the soldiers use and

depend on it a lot in the war.

CONCLUSION

The writer concludes that using figure language can give a picture and drawn

something to the audience clearly. Furthermore, the conclusion is supported by fact that the

use of figurative language in the lyrics gives contribution in shaping the theme. The analysis

of figurative language concludes that System of a Down song Chop Suey, Toxicity, and

B.Y.O.B, are all about protests and critics.

Chop Suey generally tells about the songwriter disappointment and anger regarding to the

United States interference in the Armenian Genocide. The theme construct within the song

are those of violence and war issue and how you can’t run away from it but instead you have

to deal with it. The figurative language found in the song is dominated by Euphemism and

Irony.

Toxicity is a song about the songwriter protesting poor society and polluted environments,

making The U.S government as the main suspect. In this song once again the theme is about

war, a war against the conspiracy of the U.S governments and war against all kinds of

injustice whether it is human being or environment. In Toxicity the writer found 5 (five)

Euphemism which dominate the whole lyric.

B.Y.O.B pictured about war as a more reality events taken from real war story between the

U.S and Iraq. In the song the songwriter are suggesting that the U.S governments continued

their war but not with Iraq instead war with the U.S itself, means a war with the hypocrite,

dictator and greed people who destroy U.S from the inside. Irony and Allusion are the most

dominant figurative language found in the song.

REFERENCES

DiYanni, Robert. 2001. Literature. Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. McGraw-Hill

Companies. Singapore

Fananie, Zainuddin. 2002. Telaah sastra.Muhammadiyah University press. Pabelan-

Surakarta

Klarer, Mario. 2004. An Introduction to Literary Studies. Routledge. USA & CANADA

Madden, Frank. 2002. Exploring poetry: Writing and Thinking about Poetry. Addison

Wesley Longman. U.S

Ogawa, R. T. & Malen, B. 1991. Towards rigor in reviews of multivocal literature: Applying

the exploratory case method. Review of Educational Research. McCutchan

Publishing Corp., Berkeley, CA.

Richards, Jack C., & Richard Schmidt (eds). 2002. Longman Dictionary of Language

Teaching & Applied Linguistics. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research

Press.

System of a Down. 2001. Chop Suey. Taken from the Album Toxicity. Cello Studio.

Hollywood California

System of a Down. 2001. Toxicity. Taken from the album Toxicity. Cello Studio. Hollywood,

California

System of a Down. 2005. B.Y.O.B. Taken from the album Mezmerize. The Mansion. Laurel

Canyon, Los Angeles, California.

System of a Down. 2005. Radio/Video. Taken from the album Mezmerize. The Mansion.

Laurel Canyon, Los Angeles, California.

System of a Down. 2005. Lonely Day. Taken from the album Hypnotize. The Mansion.

Laurel Canyon, Los Angeles, California. Akademie Mathematique of Philosophical

Sound Research. Los Angeles, California