Mentoring - spa-febui.com · Akuntansi Manajemen No.1. Inventory Costing PT. ... pairs of sandals...

Manajement Accounting

UTS Semester Genap 2014/2015

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Soal Mentoring SPA FEUI 2015

Akuntansi Manajemen

No.1. Inventory Costing

PT. Megaplex has manufactured and sold a new-developed microwave since 2010. Below are

the data regarding company’s production on 2011:

Year 2011

Unit Beginning Inventory 30

Unit Produced 100

Unit Sold 80

Variable Manufacturing Cost per Unit ($) 30

Variable Marketing Cost per Unit ($) 5

Fixed Manufacturing Cost ($) 6,000

Fixed Marketing Cost ($) 2,000

The cost incur in the current year is the same as the cost happened for last year. The fixed

manufacturing cost is computed with the assumption that the production capacity is 120 units

per year. The production volume variance will be closed to Cost of Goods Sold account. The

management decides that the price of the microwave will be $180 for each.

Required :

1. Make the Operating Income Statement of PT. Megaplex for the year ended 2011 by using

Absorption and Variable Costing method.

2. Can you explain why there is a difference between the operating incomes of the two

methods?

No. 2. Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis

SPA Company produces two products: X and Y. The sales unit mix for X goods and Y goods

was 2 : 4. The projected income for the coming year, segmented by product line, follows:

In ($) x y Total

Sales $ 10,000 $ 40,000 $ 50,000

Variable Cost $ (3,000) $ (16,000) $ (19,000)

Contribution Margin $ 7,000 $ 24,000 $ 31,000

Direct Fixed Cost $ (2,000) $ (8,000) $ (10,000)

Product Margin $ 5,000 $ 16,000 $ 21,000

Common Fixed Cost $ (5,500)

Operating income $ 16,000



if the selling price for X = $50 and Y = $100, then: compute the number of units of each

product that must be sold for SPA company to break even!

No. 3. Operating Budget

Borkenstick makes a very popular undyed cloth sandal in one style, but in Regular and

Deluxe. The regular sandals have cloth soles and the deluxe sandals have cloth covered

wooden sales. Borkenstick is preparing its budget for June 2012, and he estimated sales

based on past experience.

Other information for the month of June follows :

1. Input prices

Direct Materials

Cloth $3.50 per yard

Wood $5.00 per board foot

Direct Manufacturing Labor $10 per direct manufacturing labor hour

2. Input Quantities per Unit of Output (per pair of sandals)

3. Inventory information, Direct Materials

4. Sales and Information, Finished Goods

Regular Deluxe

Direct Materials

Cloth 1.3 yards 1.5 yards

Wood 0 2 b.f.

Direct Manufacturing Labor-Hour (DMLH) 5 hours 7 hours

Setup Hours per batch 2 hours 3 hours

Cloth Wood

Beginning inventory 610 yards 800 b.f.

Target ending inventory 386 yards 295 b.f.

Cost of beginning inventory $2,140 $4,040

Borkenstick accounts for direct materials using a FIFO cost flow assumption

Regular Deluxe

Expected Sales in units (pairs of sandal) 2,000 3,000

Selling Price $ 80 $ 130

Target Ending Inventory in Units 400 600



Borkenstick uses a FIFO cost flow assumption for finished goods inventory.

All the sandals are made in batches of 50 pairs of sandals. Borkenstick incurs MOH cost,

marketing and general administration, and shipping costs. Besides materials and labor,

manufacturing cost include setup, processing, and inspection costs. Borkenstick ships 40

pairs of sandals per shipment. Borkenstick uses activity based costing and has classified all

overhead costs for the month of June as shown in the following chart:

Cost Type Denominator Activity Rate

Manufacturing:

Setup Setup hours $12 per setup hour

Processing Direct Manufacturing labor hours $1.2 per DMLH

Inspection Number of pairs of sandals $0.9 per pair

Nonmanufacturing:

Marketing & General adm. Sales Revenue 8%

Shipping Number of shipments $per shipment

1. Prepare each of the following for June :

a. Revenues Budget

b. Production budget in units

c. Direct material usage budget and direct material purchases budget in both units

and dollars, round to dollars

d. Direct manufacturing labor cost budget

e. Manufacturing overhead cost budgets for processing and setup activities

f. Budgeted unit cost of ending finished goods inventory and ending inventories

budget

g. Cost of goods sold budget

h. Marketing and general administration costs budget

Beginning inventory in units 250 650

Beginning inventory in dollars $15,500 $61,750



2. Borkenstick’s balance sheet for May 31 follow. Use it and the following

information to prepare a cash budget for Borkenstick for June. Round to

dollars.

- All sales are on account; 60% are collected in the month of sale, 38% are collected the

following month, and 2% are never collected and written off as bad debts.

- All purchase of materials are on account. Borkenstick pays for 80% of purchases in the

month of purchase and 20% in the following month.

- All other costs are paid in the month incurred, including the declaration and payment of

a $ 10,000 cash dividend in June.

- Borkenstick is making monthly interest payments of 0.5% (6% per year) on a $

100,000 long term loan

- Borkenstick plans to pay the $7,200 of taxes owed as of May 31 in the month of Jun.

Income tax expense for June is zero

- 30% of processing and setup costs, and 10% of marketing and general administration

costs are depreciation

Borkenstick

Balance Sheet

as of May 31

Assets

Cash

$ 6,290

Accounts Receivable $ 216,000

Less: Allowance for Bad Debts $ 10,800 $ 205,200

Inventories

Direct Materials

$ 6,186

Finished Goods

$ 77,250

Fixed Assets $ 580,000

Less: Accumulated Depreciation $ 90,890 $ 489,110

Total Assets

$ 784,036

Liabilities and Equity

Accounts Payable

$ 10,400

Taxes Payable

$ 7,200

Interest Payable

$ 500

Long-term debt

$ 100,000



No. 4. Varians Analysis

1. Following information are provided for Macy Inc. :

Standard cost per unit:

Direct material ………………………….. 2,5 pounds @ Rp. 33.000 / pound

Direct labor …………………………….. 0,25 hour @ Rp. 280.000 / hour

Variable overhead is applied on the bases of direct labor hours at Rp. 238.000 /

direct-labor hour

Production budget:

Direct material ………………………….. Rp. 3.300.000.000

Direct labor …………………………….. Rp. 2.800.000.000

Manufacturing overhead ……………… Rp. 3.980.000.000

Actual cost:

Direct material purchased and used ……. Rp. 3.774.000.000 (102,000 pounds)

Direct labor ……………………………. Rp. 2.800.000.000 (10,700 hours)

Manufacturing overhead ……………… Rp. 4.080.000.000 (60% is variable)

The company’s actual production and sales was 42.000 units, which is 20% of market

share. Average selling price was Rp. 340.000.

The company expected to get 25% market share. The expected market for this product is

160,000 units. Its selling price is budgeted at Rp. 350.000.

Required:

(a) Prepare a complete variance report consisting of (20 points):

i. Direct-material price & quantity variances

ii. Direct-labor rate & efficiency variances

iii. Variable-overhead spending & efficiency variances

iv. Fixed-overhead spending & production volume variances

v. Sales price variance

vi. Sales volume variance

vii. Market share and market size variance

viii. The flexible budget variance

Common Stock

$ 200,000

Retained Earnings

$ 465,936

Total Liabilities and Equity

$ 784,036



Jawaban Mentoring SPA FEUI 2015

Akuntansi Manajemen

No.1. Inventory Costing

a. Variable Costing

Revenues ($180 x 80) $ 14,400

Variable Cost of Good Sold: Beginning Inventory ($30 x 30) $ 900 Variable Manufacturing Cost ($30 x 100) $ 3,000 Cost of Good Available for Sale $ 3,900 Deduct Ending Inventory ($30 x 50) $ 1,500 Variable Cost of Good Sold $ 2,400

Variable Marketing Cost $ 400

Contribution Margin $ 11,600

Fixed Manufacturing Costs $ 6,000

Fixed Marketing Costs $ 2,000

Operating Income $ 3,600

Absorption Costing

Revenues ($180 x 80) $ 14,400

Cost of Good Sold: Beginning Inventory ($80 x 30) $ 2,400 Variable Manufacturing Cost ($30 x 100) $ 3,000 Allocated Fixed Manufacturing Cost ($50 x 100) $ 5,000 Cost of Good Available for Sale $ 10,400 Deduct Ending Inventory ($80 x 50) $ 4,000 Adjustment from Production Volume Variance $ 1,000 {(120-100) x $50} Cost of Good Sold $ 7,400

Gross Margin $ 7,000

Variable Marketing Cost ($5 x 80) $ 400

Fixed Marketing Cost $ 2,000

Operating Income $ 4,600

Notes :

Allocated fixed manufacturing cost = fixed manufacturing cost/capacity unit



Allocated fixed manufacturing cost = 6,000/120 = 50

Ending inventory = 30+100 -80 = 50 unit

Adjustment from Production Volume Variance = Budgeted fixed manufacturing costs –

Fixed manufacturing overhead allocated using budgeted costs per output unit allowed for

actual output produced

Adjustment from Production Volume Variance = $6,000 – (100 unit x 50)

Adjustment from Production Volume Variance = 1,000

b. Karena ada biaya fixed manufacturing yang dimasukkan ke dalam nilai inventory pada

metode Absorption Costing, sehingga ketika tidak dijual, maka biaya tersebut tidak akan

muncul.



No. 2. Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis

1. Temukan berapa jumlah yang diproduksi untuk x dan y

Qx = Sales x / Price x = $10,000/$50 = 200

Qy = Sales y / Price y = $40,000/$100 = 400

2. Tentukan berapa Variable Cost Per unit untuk x dan y

VC per unit x = $3000/200 = $15

VC per unit y = $16,000/400 = $40

3. Tentukan Contribution Margin 1 package

Product Price VC/unit P - VC/unit

(a)

Sales

Mix/Ketentuan

ratio package

(b)

Total CM

per package

(a x b)

x $50 $15 $35 2 $70

y $100 $40 $60 4 $240

total $310

4.Tentukan break even package

Revenue – Total variable cost – Fixed cost = Operating Income

(Selling price x Qsold) – (Variable cost unit x Q sold) – Fixed cost = Operating Income

(Selling price – Variable cost unit) Q sold – Fixed cost = Operating Income

Breakeven, maka Operating income =0

(Selling price – Variable cost unit) Q* – Fixed cost = 0

(Contribution margin/unit) Q* = Fixed cost

(CM/package x break even package) - Fixed cost = 0

(CM/package x break even package) = Fixed Cost

Break Even Package = Fixed Cost / CM/package

Break Even Package = $(10,000 + 5,500) / $310 = 50 package

5. Break even X = 50 package x 2 unit X = 100 units X

Break Even Y = 50 package x 4 unit Y = 200 unit Y



No.3. Master budget & Responsibility Accounting

1. Prepare each of the following for June :

i. Revenues Budget

j. Production budget in units

Production Budget (in Units)

For the Month of June, 2012

Regular Deluxe

Budgeted Units Sales 2,000 3,000

Add: target ending inventory 400 600

Total required units 2,400 3,600

Deduct: Beg. Inventory 250 650

Units of Finished Goods to be produced 2,150 2,950

k. Direct material usage budget and direct material purchases budget in both units

and dollars, round to dollars

Direct Materials Usage Budget in Units and Dollars


Material

Physical Units Budget Cloth (yards) Wood (board foot) Total

DM required for:

Regular 2,795 0

Deluxe 4,425 5,900

Total DM to be used 7,220 5,900

Cost Budget

Available from beg. DM inventory $ 2,140 $ 4,040

To be purchased this period :

Cloth $ 23,135

Revenues Budget


Units Selling Price Total Revenues

Regular 2,000 $ 80 $ 160,000

Deluxe 3,000 $ 130 $ 390,000

Total $ 550,000



Wood $ 25,500

DM to be used this period $ 25,275 $ 29,540 $ 54,815

Calculation :

DM required for:

Cloth (yards) Wood (board foot)

Regular 2,150 units x 1.3 yards = 2,795 yards 2,150 units x 0 board foot = 0 board

foot

Deluxe 2,950 units x 1.5yards = 4,425 yards 2,950 units x 2 board foot = 5,900

board foot

To be purchased this period:

Cloth (7220-610) units x $ 3.5/yard = $ 23,135

Wood (5900-800) units x $ 5/bf = $ 25,500

Direct Materials Purchases Budget


Materials

Physical Units Budget Cloth(yards) Wood (board foot) Total

To be used for production 7,220 5,900

Add: target ending

inventory

386 295

Total required 7,606 6,195

Deduct: beg. Inventory 610 800

Purchase to be made 6,996 5,395

Cost Budget

Cloth $ 24,486

Wood $ 26,975

Total $ 24,486 $ 26,975 $51,461

Calculation:

Cost Budget:

Cloth 6,996 yards x $3.5 = $ 24,486

Wood 5,395 bf x $ 5 = $ 26,975



l. Direct manufacturing labor cost budget

Direct Manufacturing Labor Cost


Output Units Direct Manufacturing Total Hourly Wage Total

Produced Labor-Hours per Unit Hours Rate

Reguler 2,150 5 10,750 10 $ 107,500

Deluxe 2,950 7 20,650 10 $ 206,500

Total 31,400 $ 314,000

m. Manufacturing overhead cost budgets for processing and setup activities

Manufacturing Overhead Costs Budget


Total

Machine setup

(Regular :43 batches × 2 hrs/batch + Deluxe 59 batches × 3 hrs/batch) ×

$12/hour*

$ 3,156

Processing (31,400 DMLH × $1.20/DMLH) $ 37,680

Inspection (5,100 pairs × $0.90 per pair) $ 4,590

Total $ 45,426

*Regular: 2,150 pairs/50 pairs per batch = 43; Giant: 2,950 pairs/50 pairs per batch = 59

n. Budgeted unit cost of ending finished goods inventory and ending inventories

budget

Unit Costs of Ending Finished Goods Inventory


Regular Deluxe

Cost per Unit

of Output

Input per Unit of

Output Total

Input per Unit of

Output Total

Cloth $ 3,5/yard 1,3 yd/unit $ 4.55 1,5 yd/unit $ 5.25

Wood $ 5/ bd-ft 0 bd-ft/unit $ 0 2 bd-ft/unit $ 10

DML $ 10/DMLH 5 hrs/unit $ 50 7 hrs/unit $ 70

Machine

setup

$ 12/setup

hour 0,04 hr* $ 0.48 0,06 hr** $ 0.72

Processing $ 1.2/DMLH 5 hrs/unit $ 6 7 hrs/unit $ 8,4

Inspection $ 0.9/pair 1 pair $ 0.9 1 pair $ 0.9

Total $ 61.93 $ 95.27



Ending Finished Goods Inventory


Quantity Cost per unit Total

Direct Materials

Cloth 386 yards $3.5/yard $ 1,351

Wood 295 bd-ft $5.0/board foot $ 1,475

Finished goods

Regular 400 $61.93/unit $ 24,772

Deluxe 600 $95.27/unit $ 57,162

Total ending inventory $ 84,76

o. Cost of goods sold budget

Cost of Goods Sold Budget


Beginning finished goods inventory, June 1

$ 77,250

Direct material used $ 54,815

Direct manufacturing labour $ 314,000

Manufacturing overhead cost $ 45,426

Cost of goods manufactured

$ 414,241

Cost of goods available for sale

$ 491,491

Deduct : Ending finished goods inventory, June 30

$ 81,934

Cost of Goods Sold

$ 409,557

Calculation :

Beginning finished goods inventory, June 1 = $15,500 + $61,750 = $ 77,250

Ending finished goods inventory, June 30 = $ 24,772 + $ 57,162 = $ 81,934

Calculation :

*2 hours per setup / 50 pairs per batch = 0,04 hr per unit

**3 hours per setup/50 pairs per batch = 0,06 hr per unit



p. Marketing and general administration costs budget

Nonmanufacturing Costs Budget


Marketing and general administration Total

(8%×550,000) $44,000

Shipping

(5,000 pairs / 40 pairs per shipment) x $10 $ 1,250

Total $ 45,250

2. Prepare a cash budget for Borkenstick for June

Borkenstick

Cash Budget

as of June 30,2012

Cash, June 1 6,290

Add receipts

Collections from May's accounts receivables 205,200

Collections from June's accounts receivables 330,000

Total collection from customers 535,200

Total cash available for needs 541,490

Deduct cash disbursements

Direct material purchases in May 10,400

Direct material purchases in June 41,169

Direct manufacturing labor 314,000

Manufacturing overhead cost 31,798

Nonmanufacturing cost 40,725

Taxes owed as of May 31 7,200

Dividends 10,000

Total cash disbursements 455,292

Financing

Interest 6% 500

Ending Cash Balance, June 30 $ 85,698

Calculation:

Collections from June's accounts receivables



$550,000 (from revenue budget) x 60% =330,000

Direct material purchases in June

$51,461 (from DM purchase budget) x 80% = 41,169

Direct manufacturing labor = 314,000

Manufacturing overhead cost

$ 45,426 x 70% = 31,798, because 30% are depreciation

Nonmanufacturing cost

45,250 x 90% = 40,725, because 10% are depreciation

Interest

(6%/12) x 100,000 = 500

No. 4. Varians Analysis

a. A complete variance report consisting of :

i. Direct-material price & quantity variances

(Actual input quantity x Actual

Price )

= Rp 3.774.000.000,-

Actual input quantity x Budgeted

Price)

102.000 pounds x Rp 33.000,-

/pound

= Rp 3.366.000.000,-

(Budgeted input quantity for actual

output x Budgeted Price)

42.000 units x 2,5 pounds x Rp

33.000,-/pound

= Rp 3.465.000.000,-

Direct Material Price

Variance

Rp 408.000.000,- (U)

Direct Material Efficiency

Variance

Rp 99.000.0000,- (F)

Flexible Budget

Variance

Rp 309.000.000,- (U)



ii. Direct-labor rate & efficiency variances

iii. Variable-overhead spending & efficiency variances


Price )

= Rp 2.800.000.000,-

(Actual input quantity x Budgeted

Price)

10.700 hours x Rp 280.000,-/hour

= Rp 2.996.000.000,-



42.000 units x 0.25 hour x Rp

280.000,-/hour

= Rp 2.940.000.000,-

Direct Labor Price

Variance

Rp 196.000.000,- (F)

Direct Labor Efficiency

Variance

Rp 56.000.0000,- (U)

Flexible Budget

Variance

Rp 140.000.000,- (F)


Price )

60% x Rp. 4.080.000.000

= Rp 2.448.000.000,-

(Actual input quantity x Budgeted

Price)

10.700 hours x Rp 238.000,-

= Rp 2.546.600.000,-



42.000 units x 0.25 hour x Rp

238.000,-

= Rp 2.499.000.000,-

Spending Variance

Rp98.600.000,- (F)

Efficiency/ Quantity Variance

Rp 47.600.0000,- (U)



iv. Fixed-overhead spending & production volume variances

*VOH Production budget = 25% x 160.000 units x 0.25 hour x Rp 238.000,- = Rp 2.380.000.000,- ;

maka FOH = Rp 1.600.000.000,- ( Rp 3.980.000.000 - Rp 2. 380.000.000)

v. Sales price variance

Sales price variance = (Actual Price – Budgeted Price) x Actual Quantity

Sales price variance = (Rp 340.000 – Rp 350.000) x 42.000 units

Sales price variance = Rp 420.000.000 (U)

vi. Sales volume variance

Sales volume variance = (Actual quantity – Budgeted quantity) x Budgeted contribution margin

Sales volume variance = (42.000 – 40.000) x Rp 138.000,- = Rp 276.000.000,-

Flexible Budget

Variance

Rp 51.000.000,- (F)

Actual Cost Incurred

(100-60)% x Rp

4.080.000.000,-

= Rp 1.632.000.000,-

Budgeted Cost Incurred

Q = 42.000 units

Rp 1.600.000.000,-

Flexible Budget

Q = 25 % x 160.000

units = 40.000 units

Rp 1.600.000.000,-*

Flexible Budget

Variance

Rp 32.000.000,- (U)

Allocated Fix

Overhead

0.25 x 42.000 units x

Rp 160.000

Rp 1.680.000.000,-

Never a variance Production-volume variance

Rp 80.000.000,- (F)

FOH Spending

variance

Rp 32.000.000,- (U)



Budgeted contribution margin = Rp 350.000 – (2.5 x Rp 33.000) – (0.25 x 280.000) – (0.25 x

Rp 238.000) = Rp 138.000,-

Vii. Market share and market size variance

*Actual Market Size = 42.000/20% = 210.000

ix.The flexible budget variance

The flexible budget variance consist of Selling price variance, DM variance, DML Variance,

MOH Variance.

Flexible budget variance = (Rp 309.000.000,- ) + Rp 140.000.000,- + Rp 51.000.000,- + (Rp

32.000.000,- ) + ( Rp 420.000.000,-) = 570.000.000 (U)

Actual Market Size x Actual Market Share x Budgeted CM

/unit

= 210.000 x 20% x Rp 138.000,-

= 5.796.000.000

Actual Market Size x Budgeted Market Share x Budgeted CM

/unit

= 210.000 x 25% x Rp 138.000,-

= 7.245.000.000

Budgeted Market Size x Budgeted Market Share x Budgeted CM

/unit

= 160.000 x 25 % x Rp 138.000,-

= 5.520.000.000

Market share variance

1.449.000.000 (U)

Market size variance

1.725.000.000 (F)

Sales volume

variance

276.000.000 (F)

Mentoring - spa-febui.com · Akuntansi Manajemen No.1. Inventory Costing PT. ... pairs of sandals...

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