Menggambar Teknik 1

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1 MENGGAMBAR TEKNIK PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK KIMIA INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI INDONESIA Dosen: Andrian Ahmad D

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Transcript of Menggambar Teknik 1

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MENGGAMBAR TEKNIK

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK KIMIAINSTITUT TEKNOLOGI INDONESIA

Dosen: Andrian Ahmad D

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Hakikat Gambar sebagai Bahasa Teknik

Gambar adalah sarana komunikasi (bahasa) sarjana Teknik

Standar Gambar adalah tata bahasa Bahasa dan Gambar

Lisan Kalimat GambarIndra Akustik Visual VisualEkspresi Suara Kalimat GambarAturan Tata Bahasa Standar Gb.

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Fungsi Gambar1. Penyampaian Informasi2. Dokumentasi3. Proses Pemikiran

Chemical EquilibriumRate of Reaction

Kinetics SystemThermodynamicsWhat type

What sizeWhat operationconditions are

requiredWhat energy balance

What cost

Introduction

The Major Objective

?

Reactor Design

!

Chemical Reaction

TRK-1Types of Reaction

Esterification Hydrolysis Pyrolysis

Oxidation & Reduction Cracking

Polymerization Fermentation Hydrogenation Halogenation Electrolysis

…...

Het

erog

eneo

us

Hom

ogen

eous

TRK-2

ConcentrationDependent

Tem

pera

ture

Dep

ende

nt

Activation Energy

Arrhenius’s Law

Single / Multiple Reaction

Non-elementary

Elementary

Rate C

onstantRate Order /

Molecularity

Kine

tics

Vie

w

Testing of Kinetics

ModelKi

netic

s M

odel

Types or Reactor

Batch

Semi-Batch

Continuous

KineticsSystem

Collection & Analysis ofRate Data

IsothermalReactor Design

Phase ofReaction

TRK-1.JH.2003

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ESSENTIAL FLOW DIAGRAMS

The most effective way of communicating information about process is the use of

flow diagrams.

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Sifat-sifat Gambar Teknik Sederhana Sistematis Informatif

Internasional Modern

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Pengembangan Gambar Input – Output Diagram Block Flow Diagram

Generic BFD: Preliminary Process Condition

Preliminary Material Balance Process Flow Diagram Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Engineering and Construction

Diagram

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ANALYSIS: Generic Block Flow Process Diagram

Elements1. Reactor Feed Preparation2. Reactor3. Separator-Feed Preparation4. Separator5. Recycle6. Environmental Control

1 2

5

3 4

6

FeedProducts

By-ProductsWaste Stream

DischargeToenvironment

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© 2002. Intergraph Process, Power & Offshore. All Rights Reserved.

3D Modules Function Create three-dimensional plant models, create equipment models, extract isometric drawings, and perform design interference checks and equipment clashes.

PDSPlant Design System

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© 2002. Intergraph Process, Power & Offshore. All Rights Reserved.

3D ModulesEquipment Modeling FrameWorks Plus Piping Design Graphics Reference Data Manager Drawing ManagerPDS Stress Analysis Interface

Interference Checker/ManagerPDS Isometric InterfaceEE Raceway ModelingDesign Review Integrator

PDSPlant Design System

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© 2002. Intergraph Process, Power & Offshore. All Rights Reserved.

Equipment ModelingModel the equipment defined in the P&IDStylistic representations of equipment items are produced, with or without nozzles, by entering data from equipment data sheets noting dimensions and weights.Can create a physical envelope defining the space occupied for maintenance and access areas

PDSPlant Design System

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© 2002. Intergraph Process, Power & Offshore. All Rights Reserved.

FrameWorks PlusUsed to layout structural frames, foundations, slabs and walls.Piping designers, equipment modelers and structural designers, can see the location of each other’s objects.Place loads in the 3D model, and apply other analytical characteristics to use with a third-party analysis solver.Other outputs are material lists, output to third-party steel detailing programs, interference envelopes, and graphic and non-graphic data for Design Review

PDSPlant Design System

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© 2002. Intergraph Process, Power & Offshore. All Rights Reserved.

Piping Design GraphicsCreate a 3D model of the piping and in-line instruments defined in the P&IDThe centerline is intelligent and contains information such as the piping material class, nominal diameter, fluid code, insulation parameters, temperatures and pressures, and so forth.The alphanumeric data required for each pipeline can be entered interactively or transferred from the P&ID.

PDSPlant Design System

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© 2002. Intergraph Process, Power & Offshore. All Rights Reserved.

Piping Design GraphicsA pipeline can be connected to a specific nozzle or routed from a point in space.Interactive design checks are performed for each component placement, ensure matching or compatible diameters, pressure ratings, end preparations, and other consistency criteria.

PDSPlant Design System

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General Design Considerations1. Health and Safety Hazards2. Environmental Protection3. Plant Location4. Plant Layout5. Plant Operations and Control6. Utilities7. Structural Design8. Storage9. Materials Handling10.Patent Considerations

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Steps in Developing a Design ProjectProcess identification Laboratory verification Reaction flow schematic Preliminary flow process Preliminary economic evaluation Process development Mass and Energy Balance Process flow scheme

Site selection Refined economic evaluation Design fixed Detailed economic evaluation Engineering flow schemes Basic Design Detailed Constructions Plan Detail Design Procurement Construction Startup

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CAE / Analisa SoftwareStruCAD, Stress Analysis, Caesar ETAPEDSA Xsteel MathCAD Hysis Pipesis, Pipenet Thermoflow

CAD Drafting Software

AutoCADMicrostation pembuatan drawing dilakukan melalui komputer dan integrasinya dilakukan manual

Design Software pembuatan drawing dan integrasinya dilakukan melalui secara komputerisasi AutoPlant (Piping, 3D) hanya untuk Piping Plant Design System untuk semua disiplinSmartPlant untuk semua disiplin

Dokumen & Data ManagementEDMS

Project Wise Marian

Cost Control Prolog Manager

Schedule Control Primavera MS Project

Procurement controlE-Pro

Aplikasi Software

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End of Session I

Minggu depan bawa kertas A4 (HVS atau kertas gambar), penggaris, pensil HB, B, & 2B, penghapus pensil.

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Session II

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Latihan Menggambar BFD Petunjuk Mengenai Garis dan Mata

Panah Petunjuk Mengenai Tulisan Contoh Kasus

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Garis Aliran MaterialTebal 0.5mm (1pt)

MataPanah

3

1

Tebal 0.8mm (21/4pt)

Huruf Material & Satuan OperasiBeda 1 ukuran (12 – 14 pt)

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LATIHAN Siapkan alat-alat gambar Anda Pelajarilah Deskripsi Proses berikut ini Gambarlah BFD proses tersebut

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Session III & IV

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Menggambar PFD

Pump

LC

TC

Reboiler

Tower

Bottom Product

Vapor

Steam

Condensate

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Aturan Menggambar PFD Aturan garis dan ketebalan sama seperti

BFDAturan membuat PFD:1. Aliran utama harus dilengkapi tanda panah untuk menunjukkan arah aliran.2. Usahakan aliran dari kiri menuju ke kanan.3. Aliran yang ringan (gas) berada di atas aliran berat (cair / padat).4. Apabila terdapat garis yang memotong, garis horizontal tetap dilanjutkan, sedangkan garis vertikal putus tepat di perpotongan garis.5. Penomoran aliran di dalam simbol diamond.6. Simbol diamond terletak tepat di garis aliran.

PFD

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Initial nama alat prosesTata cara pemberian

simbol dan nomor peralatan (standar ASME)

AA-XYY AA = initial alat

operasi X = nomor

identitas unit area proses

YY = nomor urut identitas alat proses

C – Kompresor atau turbinE – Heat ExchangerH – Fired HeaterP – Pompa R – ReaktorT – TowerTK – Storage tankV – VesselA/B menunjukkan adanya unit paralel atau unit cadangan yang tidak dimunculkan di PFD.

PFD

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Initial nama bahan utilitasAliran Utilitas:lps = Low Pressure Steam: 3 – 5 barg (sat)mps = Medium Pressure Steam: 10 – 15 barg (sat)hps = High Pressure Steam 40 – 50 barg (sat)htm = Heat Transfer Mediacw = Cooling Waterwr = River Waterrw = Refrigerated Waterrb = Refrigerated Brinecs = Chemical Waste Waterss = Sanitary Waste Waterel = Electric Heat (220V; 440V; 660V)ng = Natural Gasfg = Fuel Gasfo = Fuel Oilfw = Fire Water

PFD

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Simbol-simbol Process Input

Process output

Nomor aliran

instrumentasi

Simbol instrumentasi:Huruf Pertama:F = FlowL = LevelP = PressureT = Temperature

Huruf kedua atau ketigaC = ControllerG = GlassI = IndicatorR = RecorderS = SafetyV = ValveW = Well

orifice

Diaphragm valve

Flow ControlPneumatic connection

Electric connection

FC

FC

PFD

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Contoh:Cooler with fixed hot fluid outlet

Hot Fluid

Cooler

cw

FCTC

Contoh:Gas Cooler with condensate removal

LC

condensate

PCV

Hot gas

cw

TC

Contoh:Condensation of a pure volatile product

Tower

condenser

accumulator

vent

pump

Overheadproduct

TI

FC

LC

Cold water

Aftercooler

Cold water

PC

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Latihan Menggambar PFD

Air Separation Process