Materi 4 Information System Engineering Sim 1223511116853894 8

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Sistem Informasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen Manajemen Dr. Hary Budiarto Dr. Hary Budiarto Materi 4 Information System Materi 4 Information System Engineering (1) Engineering (1)

Transcript of Materi 4 Information System Engineering Sim 1223511116853894 8

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Sistem Informasi Manajemen Sistem Informasi Manajemen

Dr. Hary BudiartoDr. Hary Budiarto

Materi 4 Information System Engineering Materi 4 Information System Engineering (1) (1)

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Menentukan Teknologi yang digunakan

Orang yang membiayai

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Information System Services OrganizationInformation System Services Organization

Sistem informasi

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Information Systems AnalysisInformation Systems Analysis

Information Information systems analysissystems analysis merupakan salah satu kegiatan dari merupakan salah satu kegiatan dari fase pengembangan implementasi fase pengembangan implementasi sistem informasi yang berfokus pada sistem informasi yang berfokus pada penyelesaian permasalahan bisnis penyelesaian permasalahan bisnis yang tidak tergantung pada jenis yang tidak tergantung pada jenis teknologi yang digunakan. teknologi yang digunakan.

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System OwnersSystem Owners

System ownersSystem owners adalah lembaga yang adalah lembaga yang menyediakan dana dalam implementasi menyediakan dana dalam implementasi proyek sistem informasi yang meliputi proyek sistem informasi yang meliputi pengembangan, operasional dan perawatan pengembangan, operasional dan perawatan sistem informasi. sistem informasi.

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System Users / ClientSystem Users / ClientSystem usersSystem users adalah SDM yang terlibat langsung secara reguler adalah SDM yang terlibat langsung secara reguler implementasi sistem informasi yang terdiri dari capturing implementasi sistem informasi yang terdiri dari capturing (memperoleh data), validating (mengecek), entering (memperoleh data), validating (mengecek), entering (memasukkan dan menyimpan), responding (), storing (perbaikan (memasukkan dan menyimpan), responding (), storing (perbaikan data), dan exchanging data & informasi. data), dan exchanging data & informasi.

Nama lain dari system user adalah klien (client) yang meliputi :Nama lain dari system user adalah klien (client) yang meliputi :

– Internal usersInternal users

» Clerical and service workersClerical and service workers

» Technical and professional staffTechnical and professional staff

» Supervisors, middle managers, and executive managersSupervisors, middle managers, and executive managers

» Remote and mobile users (internal but disconnected)Remote and mobile users (internal but disconnected)

– External usersExternal users» customercustomer

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System Designers and System Designers and System BuildersSystem Builders

System designersSystem designers bertugas untuk menerjemahkan kebutuhan bertugas untuk menerjemahkan kebutuhan kegiatan bisnis system users ke suatu perancangan teknis kegiatan bisnis system users ke suatu perancangan teknis sistem informasi yang meliputi perancangan computer files, sistem informasi yang meliputi perancangan computer files, databases, inputs, outputs, screens, networks, dan programs databases, inputs, outputs, screens, networks, dan programs yang sesuai dengan keinginan system users.yang sesuai dengan keinginan system users.hanya pada dokumentasihanya pada dokumentasiSystem buildersSystem builders bertugas untuk membangun seluruh bertugas untuk membangun seluruh komponen sistem informasi berbasis pada spesifikasi teknis komponen sistem informasi berbasis pada spesifikasi teknis dari system designers. Dalam sejumlah kasus biasanya dari system designers. Dalam sejumlah kasus biasanya system designer dan builder merupakan satu institusi yang system designer dan builder merupakan satu institusi yang sama personilnya. sama personilnya.

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Information System Building BlocksInformation System Building Blocks

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The Systems Analyst as a FacilitatorThe Systems Analyst as a Facilitator

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The DATA FocusThe DATA Focus

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The DATA FocusThe DATA Focus System owners’ perspectiveSystem owners’ perspective

– Business knowledgeBusiness knowledge is the insight that is gained from timely, is the insight that is gained from timely, accurate, and relevant information. (Recall that information is a accurate, and relevant information. (Recall that information is a product of raw data.)product of raw data.)

System users’ perspectiveSystem users’ perspective– Data requirementsData requirements are a representation of users’ data in terms of are a representation of users’ data in terms of

entities, attributes, relationships, and rules. Data requirements entities, attributes, relationships, and rules. Data requirements should be expressed in a format that is independent of the should be expressed in a format that is independent of the technology that can or will be used to store the data.technology that can or will be used to store the data.

System designers’ perspectiveSystem designers’ perspective– Database schemaDatabase schema

System builders’ perspectiveSystem builders’ perspective– Database management systemDatabase management system

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The PROCESS FocusThe PROCESS Focus

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The PROCESS FocusThe PROCESS Focus

System owners’ perspectiveSystem owners’ perspective– Business functionsBusiness functions are ongoing activities that are ongoing activities that

support the business. Functions can be support the business. Functions can be decomposed into other subfunctions and decomposed into other subfunctions and eventually into processes that do specific tasks.eventually into processes that do specific tasks.

– A A cross-functionalcross-functional information systeminformation system supports supports relevant business processes from several business relevant business processes from several business functions without regard to traditional functions without regard to traditional organizational boundaries such as divisions, organizational boundaries such as divisions, departments, centers, and offices.departments, centers, and offices.

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The PROCESS Focus The PROCESS Focus

System users’ perspectivesSystem users’ perspectives

– Business processesBusiness processes are activities that respond to business are activities that respond to business events. Business processes are the “work” performed by events. Business processes are the “work” performed by the system.the system.

– Process requirementsProcess requirements are a representation of the users’ are a representation of the users’ business processes in terms of activities, data flows, or business processes in terms of activities, data flows, or work flow.work flow.

– A A policypolicy is a set of rules that govern a business process. is a set of rules that govern a business process.

– A A procedureprocedure is a step-by-step set of instructions and logic is a step-by-step set of instructions and logic for accomplishing a business process.for accomplishing a business process.

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The PROCESS Focus The PROCESS Focus System designers’ perspectivesSystem designers’ perspectives

– An An application schemaapplication schema is a model that communicates how is a model that communicates how selected business processes are, or will be, implemented using selected business processes are, or will be, implemented using the software and hardware.the software and hardware.

– Software specifications Software specifications represent the technical design of represent the technical design of business processes to be automated or supported by computer business processes to be automated or supported by computer programs to be written by system builders.programs to be written by system builders.

System builders’ perspectivesSystem builders’ perspectives– Application programsApplication programs are language-based, machine-readable are language-based, machine-readable

representations of what a software process is supposed to do, representations of what a software process is supposed to do, or how a software process is supposed to accomplish its task.or how a software process is supposed to accomplish its task.

– PrototypingPrototyping is a technique for quickly building a functioning, is a technique for quickly building a functioning, but incomplete model of the information system using rapid but incomplete model of the information system using rapid application development tools.application development tools.

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The INTERFACE FocusThe INTERFACE Focus

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The INTERFACE FocusThe INTERFACE Focus System owners’ perspectiveSystem owners’ perspective System users’ perspectivesSystem users’ perspectives

– Interface requirementsInterface requirements are a representation of the users’ inputs are a representation of the users’ inputs and outputs.and outputs.

System designers’ perspectiveSystem designers’ perspective

– User dialoguesUser dialogues describe how the user moves from window-to- describe how the user moves from window-to-window, interacting with the application programs to perform window, interacting with the application programs to perform useful work.useful work.

System builders’ perspectiveSystem builders’ perspective

– MiddlewareMiddleware is a layer of utility software that sits in between is a layer of utility software that sits in between application software and systems software to transparently application software and systems software to transparently integrate differing technologies so that they can interoperate.integrate differing technologies so that they can interoperate.

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The Role of the Network in ISThe Role of the Network in IS

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A COMMUNICATIONS Focus in ISA COMMUNICATIONS Focus in IS

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Information System Development FocusInformation System Development Focus

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Process of System DevelopmentProcess of System Development

A A system development processsystem development process is a set of activities, is a set of activities, methods, best practices, deliverables, and automated methods, best practices, deliverables, and automated tools that stakeholders use to develop and maintain tools that stakeholders use to develop and maintain information systems and software.information systems and software.

A A projectproject is a [temporary] sequence of unique, is a [temporary] sequence of unique, complex, and connected activities having one goal or complex, and connected activities having one goal or purpose and that must be completed by specific time, purpose and that must be completed by specific time, within budget, and according to specification.within budget, and according to specification.

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Project versus Process ManagementProject versus Process Management

Project managementProject management is the process of scoping, planning, is the process of scoping, planning, staffing, organizing, directing, and controlling the staffing, organizing, directing, and controlling the development of an acceptable system at a minimum cost development of an acceptable system at a minimum cost within a specified time frame. within a specified time frame.

Process managementProcess management is an ongoing activity that is an ongoing activity that documents, manages the use of, and improves an documents, manages the use of, and improves an organization’s chosen methodology (the “process”) for organization’s chosen methodology (the “process”) for system development. Process management is concerned system development. Process management is concerned with the activities, deliverables, and quality standards to with the activities, deliverables, and quality standards to be applied to be applied to allall projects. projects.

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Measures of Project SuccessMeasures of Project Success

– The resulting information system is acceptable to the customer.The resulting information system is acceptable to the customer.

– The system was delivered “on time.”The system was delivered “on time.”

– The system was delivered “within budget.”The system was delivered “within budget.”

– The system development process had a minimal impact on The system development process had a minimal impact on ongoing business operations.ongoing business operations.

Project management Function :Project management Function :

– Scoping, Planning, Estimating ,SchedulingScoping, Planning, Estimating ,Scheduling

– Organizing, Directing, ControllingOrganizing, Directing, Controlling

– ClosingClosing

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Project Management Life CycleProject Management Life Cycle

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Project Management Tools & TechniquesProject Management Tools & Techniques

A A PERT chartPERT chart is a graphical network model that is a graphical network model that depicts a project’s tasks and the relationships depicts a project’s tasks and the relationships between those tasks. between those tasks.

A A Gantt chartGantt chart is a simple horizontal bar chart that is a simple horizontal bar chart that depicts project tasks against a calendar. Each bar depicts project tasks against a calendar. Each bar represents a named project task. The tasks are listed represents a named project task. The tasks are listed vertically in the left-hand column. The horizontal vertically in the left-hand column. The horizontal axis is a calendar timeline. axis is a calendar timeline.

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PERT ChartPERT Chart

5-3-2008 5-12-2008

5-3-2008 5-11-2008

Preliminary Investigation

5-12-2008 6-12-2008

5-12-2008 6-14-2008

Problem Analysis

5-28-2008 7-15-2008

5-30-2008 7-18-2008

Requirements Analysis

6-13-2008 7-30-2008

6-13-2008 8-3-2008

Decision Analysis

9-10-2008 12-14-2008

TBD TBD

Implementation

7-19-2008 11-13-2008

7-20-2008 In Progress

Construction

7-3-2008 9-25-2008

7-5-2008 10-9-2008

Design

5-3-2008 N/A

5-3-2008 N/A

Project Initiation

ScheduledStart

ScheduledFinish

Actual Start ActualFinish

Task

ScheduledStart

ScheduledFinish

Actual Start ActualFinish

Task

intertaskdependency

Legend

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Gantt ChartGantt Chart

Incomplete Task

Complete Task

Legend

ID

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Preliminary investigation

Problem analysis

Requirements analysis

Decision analysis

Design

Construction

Implementation

May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2008Task Name

Today

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Microsoft Project Gantt ChartMicrosoft Project Gantt Chart

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Microsoft Project PERT ChartMicrosoft Project PERT Chart