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    UNIVERSITAS 17

     AGUSTUS 1945

    FAKULTAS FARMASI

    FITOKIMIA 2

    DAMERIA SIAHAAN 1343050006

    ASTI EKA SAFITRI 1443050050

    ACHMAD RIDHO 1443050054

    SHINTA FEBRIYANTI 1443057055

    TRI MULYANINGSIH 1443057056

    SENDY PERMANA 1443057052

    FEBRY DIAN LESTARYANA

    1443057060

    FEN

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    DAFTAR PUSTAKA

    JUDUL ............................................................................................................................ i

    DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..................................................................................................... 1

    BAB I

    1.1 DEFINISI DAN STRUKTUR FENOL ............................................................... 2

    1.2 TATA NAMA FENOL ........................................................................................ 3

    1.3 KARAKTERISTIK FENOL ................................................................................ 4

    1.4 KLASIFIKASI FENOLIK DAN TURUNAN SENYAWA ................................ 5

    1.5 DETEKSI REAKSI WARNA SENYAWA FENOL ........................................... 10

    1.5.1 CONTOH SENYAWA FENOL ......................................................... 15

    1.6 BIOSINTESIS SENYAWA FENOL ................................................................... 24

    1. DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 34

    BAB I

    I. DEFINISI DAN STRUKTUR FENOL

    FENOL 2016 1

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    S!"#$%$ &!"'(i) *!+,-$)$" !"#$%$ #$"/ $"#$) i!*,)$" -$$

    ,*,$". F!"'(i) *!*i(i)i i"i" $+'*$i) $, $$, (!i /,/, i+')i OH

    $" /,/, 7 /,/, ($i" -!"#!+$"#$. S!"#$%$ i"i i!+i "$*$ !+$$+)$" "$*$

    !"#$%$ i",)"#$8 &!"'(. S!"#$%$ &!"'( )!$"#$))$" *!*i(i)i /,/, i+')i(

    (!i $+i $, !i"//$ i!, polifenol. S!"#$%$ &!"'( *!(i-,i $"!)$ +$/$*

    !"#$%$ #$"/ !+$$( $+i ,*,$" #$"/ *!*-,"#$i i+i $*$8 #$i, i"i"

    $+'*$i) #$"/ *!"/$","/ $, $$, ,$ /,/, 9OH.

    S!"#$%$ &!"'(i) i $($* !+$-$

    $"/$ (,$8 *!*-,"#$i :$+i$i +,),+  

    #$"/ (,$8 *,$ i!*,)$" i !*,$ $"$*$"8 $,"8 ,"/$

    $" ,$. Ri,$" !"#$%$ &!"'(i) $($* !($ i)!$,i +,),+"#$8 $"$+$ ($i"

    &($:'"'i8 &!"'( *'"'i)(i) !!+$"$8 &!"i( -+'-$"'i8 -'(i&!"'( (i/"i"8 *!($"i"8

    $""i"8 $" ),i"'" &!"'(i).

    B$"#$) !"#$%$ &!"'(i) $($*i *!"/$","/ !),+$"/9),+$"/"#$ $, /,/,

    i+')i( $" (!i $"#$) #$"/ *!*!",) !"#$%$ !!+8 !!+ $$, /(i')i$

    $+i-$$ !"#$%$ !$"#$. S!"#$%$ !!+ $$, !!+ &!"'( !+!, *!*i(i)i

    )!($+,$" #$"/ (!i !$+ $($* $i+ $+i-$$ !"#$%$ &!"'( $" !"#$%$

    /(i')i$"#$.

    D$($* )!$$$" *,+"i8 !"#$%$ &!"'( !+,-$ ;$ -$$ #$"/ i$) !+%$+"$8

    !$-i

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    Cl

    OH

    NO

    2

    OH

    Br

    OH4

    Kl!r!" #$!

    l%ρ-klor

    ofen

    ol)

    2$&'r!"#$!l

    %ο-nitro

    feno

    l)

    3Br!(!"#$

    !l% -ɱbro

    of 

    enol

    )

    *!*!+(,)$" $$"#$ ,$, !"#$%$ #$"/ $-$ *!"'"'+)$" H. S!"#$%$ &!"'(i) 

    *!+,-$)$" '"' i!$( $+i !"#$%$ #$"/ *,$ *!"'"'+)$" $'* H.

    II. TATA NA!A FENOL

    M!",+, !&i"ii8 &!"'( $$($ i+')i!";!"$. F!"'( $$($ "$*$ ,*,*

    ,",) !"#$%$. N$*$ IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied 

    Chemistry) $$($ !";!"'(8 i,+,")$" $($* $+$ #$"/ $*$ !-!+i "$*$9"$*$

    IUPAC ,",) $(''( $(i&$i). K!i)$ *'(!),( &!"'( i/$"i)$" !"/$" )!('*-')9

    )!('*-') $*$$"8 $i) orto, meta, para #!* $$, i!* -!"'*'+$" $-$

    i/,"$)$".

    D$($* )!,$ )$,8

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    III. KARAKTERISTIK SEN"A#A FENOLSi&$ 9i&$ $+i &!"'(8 $$($ >$. M!*-,"#$i /,/, i+')i !$-i ,)$" !+*$,) /'('"/$" $()''( $"

     ,)$" -,($ !+*$,) $$ .

     . T!+*$,) $$* )$+'($ #$"/ !+i&$ $$* (!*$.

    . Ti$) !+%$+"$ !"/$" %,

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    I$. KLASIFIKASI FENOLIK DAN TURUNAN SEN"A#AK($i&i)$i F!"'(i) !+$/i $$ 4 *$$*8 #$i,>

    %. Fenol &e'er(n

    S!$+$ ,*,* !"#$%$ &!"'(i) !!+$"$ *!*i(i)i i&$ $)!+ii$(8

    $"i!-i) $" $"i!(*i"i). S!"#$%$ $+i )!('*-') i"i $i( ,i,i /,/,

    &!"'( $($* -'ii orto, meta dan  -$+$. C'"' !"#$%$ &!"'(i) !!+$"$

    #$"/ !+,i,i '(! ,$ $" $, /,/, 7OH !+,+, 7 ,+, $$($

     floroglukinol 183859+ii+')i!";!"$ $" +!'+)i"'( 1839

    ii+')i!";!"$.

    *.  A& fenolt

    A$* &!"'($ $$($ ,+,"$" $+i /'('"/$" $$* i+')i i"$*$8 #$"/

    *!*i(i)i )!(i*-$$" #$"/ i"//i $($* i"i"/ !( $"$*$". H$( i"i *!*,"/)i")$"

    ,",) $-$ *!*!+i)$" )!,","/$" #$"/ i/"i&i)$" i i$"/ )!!$$"8 )$+!"$

    !"#$%$ $$* &!"'($ '"'"#$ $$* &!+,($ *!*i(i)i $)i:i$ $"i)$")!+ $"

    $"i')i$". S!($i" i, 1. S!$/$i $"i')i$"8 $$* &!+,($ )!*,"/)i"$" *!"!+$()$" +$i)$( !$8

    !-!+i  spesies oksigen reaktif  ROS. ROS )!*,"/)i"$" #$"/ *!"#!$)$"

    DNA +,$) $" *!*-!+!-$ -!",$$". Ji)$ i$*$)$" -$$ $$* $)'+$

    $" :i$*i" E8 $$* &!+,($ )!*,"/)i"$" $-$ *!"/,+$"/i +! ')i$i $"

     -!*!",)$" i*!+ i*ii"! $($* ),(i #$"/ *!"!/$ -!",$$".

    2. D!"/$" ,i -$$ !%$" $" ,i i" :i+'8 *!"/$+$)$" $%$ $$* &!+,($

    )!*,"/)i"$" *!*i(i)i ,,"/$" !"/$" $)i:i$ $"i,*'+ -!+($%$"$" )$")!+ 

    FENOL 2016 5

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     -$#,$+$ $" )$")!+ $i. A$* &!+,($ *!*i(i)i )!*,"/)i"$" !$/$i

     -!"!/$ )$")!+ #$"/ !&!)i&8 #$"/ i!$)$" '(! -$-$+$" !"#$%$

    )$+i"'/!"i)8 !-!+i !";'-i+!"! $" 49"i+'G,i"'(i"! 19')i$. N$*," -!+(,

    *!"

    A$* &!"'($ $$($ !"#$%$ &!"'(i) #$"/ $-$ i$i()$" $($ $,"#$

    i$($ !"/$" +!$)i )'"!"$i :$"i((i !"/$" $$* *$('"$.

    A$-," +,*, $"/," $$* &!+,($ $$($ !$/$i>

    =$*$+> R,*, $"/," $$* &!+,($

    A$* &!"'($ i)!$,i $-$ *!"$i()$" $" *!*-!+),$ %$+"$ $"'i$"i".

    C'"' $$* &!"'($ #$"/ $-$ !+-!+$" !$/$i )'9-i/*!"$i !+!, $$($

    $$* i"$-$ $" $$* &!+,($. K'9-i/*!"+$i

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    $$+ )$+'" #$"/ !+i+i $+i i"i" !";!"$ C6 #$"/ !+i)$ -$$ ,

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    ii) ii 300C. A$* i"$*$ !+*$,) !"#$%$ &!"'( #$"/

    i$i()$" $+i (i"$$" $$* i)i*$ $" +!$)i !+i),"#$.

    B$$" $$+"#$ $$($ &!"i($($"i" $" i+'i" $*$ !-!+i $$*

    )$&!$8 $$* -9),*$+$8 $" $$* &!+,($. K!!*-$ !"#$%$

    !+!, -!"i"/ ,)$" )$+!"$ !+$-$ *!(i*-$ $($* !",) 

    $) !+i)$ !$8 *!($i")$" )$+!"$ *!+!)$ i,$ *!"

    18245 /+*3. A$* i"$*$ *!"ii -$$ ,, 300 C8 52 F8 !"/$" ii) 

    (!(! 133 C8 21 F. D$-$ ($+, $($* $*-$i 500 */(i!+8 !"/$" )!$$*$"

    -K$ 4844. A$* i"$*$ *!*-,"#$i ii) "#$($ -$$ ,, 100 C 212 F. A$*

    i"$*$ i/,"$)$" !$/$i -!"#!$-8 i"i/' i"!i)8 $" -+',) &$+*$i !+!",.

    K!/,"$$" ,$*$ i$($ $($* -!*,$$"*!i(8 !i( $" !";i( !!+ ,",)i i",+#

    FENOL 2016 8

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    *i"#$) %$"/i. A$* i"$*$ *!+,-$)$" -+!),+'+8 ;$ -!"$,(, ,",) -!*$"i

    $-$+$* *!($(,i $*i"$i #$"/ i)$$(ii9!";i* *!"

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    K,*$+i" $$($ ($)'" $$* '9i+')ii"$*$. K,*$+i" i$) !+%$+"$8

    )+i$( -+i*$i)8 $" *!*-,"#$i )$+$)!+ii) $, #$"/ %$"/i $" +$$

     -$i8 $+'*$i8 +$$ #$"/ -$"$8 ($+, $($* $()''(. K,*$+i"

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    i"!)ii$. S!($i" i,8 (i/"$" *!+,-$)$" )'*-'"!" )i*i$ #$"/ $)i& $($*

    ,*,$" '$ !+!",. S$($ $, !"#$%$ /'('"/$" (i/"$"8 #$i, -''-#((''i"8

    i)!$,i $-$ *!"/$*$ ,*'+. D$($* -!"/'$$" Ci"$8 (i/"$" $"#$) i-$)$i

    ,",) *!"/'$i -!"#$)i !-$ii $" *!(i","/i '+/$" $i.

    d. Antosianin

    A"'i$"i" *!+,-$)$" !"#$%$ !+%$+"$ )!$"#$)$" *!+$8 i+, $" ,"/, -$$

     ,$8 $#,+ $" $"$*$" i$. S+,),+ ,$*$"#$ i$"$i !"/$" $$"#$ 2 i"i"

     !";!"$ C6H6 #$"/ i,,"/)$" !"/$" 3 $'* )$+'" #$"/ *!*!",) i"i".

    S,i,i !+$-$ /,/, )i*i$ -$$ +$"/)$ $"'i$"i" $-$ *!*-!"/$+,i %$+"$

    $" )!$i($" $"'i"i". P!"$*$$" /,/, /(i)'i$ $$, /,/, i+')i !$ -$$ i"i"

    A *!"#!$)$" %$+"$ !"!+,"/ i+, $" +!($i& i$) $i(. S!$(i)"#$8 -!"$*$$"

     

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      U

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    +. Rek&i 'i4o

    D!"/$" +!$)i Di$;'8 F!"'(

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     i$ %$+"$ *!+$8 ')($8 $$"/ )'+!) $-i i, i!(,-)$" -$$ ($+. $ $($* HC( !"!+.

    PAS9N$ > ),"i"/ *!+$ -!i&i) 

    O+'&'+* "!,> K!+, i'(!6. L$+,$" ;$ N$HCO3

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    . AG. B+'* !+(!i > E"$-$" -,i

    . R!$)i M'(i > $ !i)i $(''( 1 ($+,$" !"!+ /,($ !,8 ($(,

    H2SO4 - 8

    Di(i$ ($-i$" $%$"#$ > i"i" ,"/, .

    @. KOH 50 !+(!i8 ($(, )('+'&'+* !+(!i > i+, .

    $.  %&!A NA!"#L1.

    1. F!C(3

    > ($+,$" -$"$8 i ,"/,8 $($* N$OH ,"/, ),$

    3. M$+G,i > i $) !+%$+"$

    6. L$+,$" ;$ N$HCO3

    . R!$)i M'(i > $ !i)i $(''( 1 ($+,$" !"!+ /,($ !,8

    ($(, H2SO4 - 8 Di(i$ ($-i$" $%$"#$ > N!/$i& 

    @. KOH 50 !+(!i8 ($(, )('+'&'+* !+(!i > i+, .

    '. R&S#RCN 

    1. K+i$( -,i $) !+%$+"$8 !",)

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    $ R!'+i" =(#!+i" $$* ')$($ H2SO4 - 9999 :i'(!

    F(,+'!"i > i Ji"//$ *!+$

    MARUIS

    MAYER

    BOUCHARDAD L$+,$" $($* $i+ /$+$* H( "#$ !+!$)i $$* ),$ i)+'*$ )!(,$+ 

    /$ CO2 .

    0.  R#2ALL#L

    FENOL 2016 16

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    OH

    OH

    OH

    1. K+i$(8 $) !+%$+"$8 *!"/)i($- -($ $$, ,"/, 99999 ')!($

    5. F!(i"/ > +!,)i -$$ ,, )$*$+ 

    6. M$+G,i > M!+$8 -$"$)$" $" ii$*)$" > *!+$ ,$

    . P9A!$ > +'$ *,$ $i

    . S-' ! > ($+,$" ;$ $($* $i+ 25 $i+ +.- !,$ 30 *!"i >

     -i")9 :i'(! .

    3.  NA2N 

    $. R$$ *,($9 *,($ !+$)$+8 ($(, $"$!!i . T.L 124 Q C 7 125 Q C$

    . L$+, $($* $(''(8 !!+

    . ! > !!9!! *i"#$) 

    !. HNO3 H2SO4 ! > ),"i"/ ($*$

    &. F!C(3 > ,"/, ')!($

    /. Di$*,"/)$" !"/$" N$OH ($(, i$$*)$" 8($(, >

    AG. B+'* > !"$-$" -,i

     NH4OH ,$-)$"8 i$ $($* $i+ C,SO4 > !"$-$"

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    T.L 41 Q C T.D 12 Q C

      K!($+,$" $($* $i+ > 1>12

    L$+, $i) $($* !!+8 -i+i, 8 )('+'&'+* $" /(#!+i" 8 $($* -$+$&&i"

    1>100

    D$($* *i"#$) 1>2 $ F!C(3 9999 ,"/, i+, -i+. !+(!i 9999 i($"/

    $ MILLON 9999 *!+$ ,"/,

    $ AG. B+'* !+(!i > !"$-$" -,i

    $ R!$)i I"!&!"'( 9999 i

    K+i$( $) !+%$+"$

     K"-S-S !"+#L

    1. L$+,$" $($* $i+ $"i((i" 7H( i"/i" > M!+$

    R'$

    2. P$"$ > (!i ,$8 ii$*)$" !"$-$" *!+$ ,"/,

    .

    3. 9T#*'( H2SO4 -$"$)$"8 !"!+)$" !"/$" $i+ $+i"/ !!($ i"!+$()$"

    !"/$" C$CO3 .

    4. Fi(+$ > F!C(3 > i+,.

    5. T!+!",) C$9T#*'( ,(&$ #$"/ "!+$(

    6. 9T#*'( F'+*$(i" H2SO4 99999 M!+$

    . 9DIAO > *!+$

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    1. C$i+$"8 $, *i"#$) !"/)!

    2. Ti$) ($+, $($* $i+8 ($+, $($* !$"'(8 /(i!+i"8 *i"#$) (!*$).

    3. $ H2SO4 !"!+ 9999 *!+$ 8i($ i!"!+)$" 9999 ,"/, )!+,

    4. $ F!C(3 9999 i

     . B$, -!i&i) T.L 110 Q C

    . $ F!C(3  9999 > i+, :i'(! $*-,+$"

    9 O+' 9999 > ,"/,8 i+, )!+,

    9 M!$ 9999 > ,"/, )!+,

    9 P$+$ 9999 > i+, )!+,8 -,i

    . $ $G.+'*>

    FENOL 2016 19

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    9 O+' 9999 > -,i

    9 M!$ 9999 > -,i

    9 P$+$ 9999 > $) $$ 8 ),"i"/

    !. $ *$+G,i 9999 *!+$

    &. $ $ -i)+$ 9999 09)!+'( 9999 K+i$( *!+!,)i8 !"$-$" ')!($

    . M!+!,)i ($+,$" A/9$**'"i$)$( >

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    $. B!+%$+"$C')!($ *,$ +'$

     . R$$ !i)i -$i

    . L$+,$" $($* $i+ !+!$)i $$* (!*$

    . F!C(3 -i+ >i+'$

    /. H2SO4 - >),"i"/ ')($

    . HNO3 >*!+$ $+$

    i. F+'! >*!+$ ,"/,

     *!+$ ')!($

    ). N$OH >),"i"/ ')!($

    P$"$)$" >),"i"/

    ROU? >

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     Biosintesis senyawa fenolik seagian esar ter!adi di sitoplasma $" i$%$(i

    *!($(,i

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    FENOL 2016 23

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    FENOL 2016 24

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    M!'! #$"/ i-$)$i ,",) *!"i"!i &!"'( !$+$ )'*!+i$(8 $$($

    1. Hi+'(ii K('+'!";!"$ P+'! D'%

    P+'! i"i )('+'!";!"$ i-$"$)$" $*-$i 350'C !)$"$" i"//i !"/$"

    ($+,$" "$+i,* i+')i$. R!$)i i"i $)$" *!"/$i()$" i'" &!"')i$ $" !!($

    i$$*)$" $)$" *!"

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    $"$('/ i"+$*'(!),(!+ *!"/$i()$" $$* 59!i+'),i"$ #$"/ *!*-,"#$i (i"/)$+ 

    i)('!)$"$8 #$"/ )!*,i$" i,$ *!"

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    A$* i"$*$8 $$( *,($ &!"i(-+'-$"'i8 i!",) !"/$" !$*i"$i

    !";i*$i ($"/,"/ &!"i($($"i"8 $" $$* -9),*$+$ $-$ ii'i"!i $($* $+$

    #$"/ !+,-$ $+i i+'i" $$, i+')i($i $$* i"$*$ -$$ -'ii -$+$. A$* -9

    ),*$+$

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    $II. PEN8U9IAN DEN8AN KLT1. M!'! A"$(ii F!"'( !"/$" KLT

    M!'! !+$i) ,",) -!*i$$" $" i!"i&i)$i !"#$%$ &!"'( !!+$"$

    !"/$" KLT. S!"#$%$ !+!, ,*,*"#$ i!!)i !!($ i+'(ii $$* $$,

     $$ $+i

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    A$8 R. 1@0. A"$(ii Ki*i$ F$+*$i. L!*$/$ P!"!+i$" U"i:!+i$ H$$",i" >

    M$)$$+.

    Di+

    H!+*$"8 J. R. 1@. A"$(ii F$+*$i. =$ M$)$$+.

    A+$*8 )). 2015. M$)$($ Ki*i$ O+/$"i) B$$" A($*. U"i:!+i$ N!/!+i M$)$$+

    F$),($ M$!*$i)$ $" I(*, P!"/!$,$" A($*.

    ->',*!".i-',*!"&!"i(9-+'-$"'i'.*(. Di$)! $"//$( 11 A-+i(

    2016.

    E+"i%$i. 2005. I'($i K,*$+i" D$+i D$," K$#, R$," Ri"$$", "$,,. T!i.

    P+'i Ki*i$ P+'/+$* P$$$+ USU

    R$$*,!8 T. J. 200. S,i! T'%$+ T! S#"!i '& N':!(8 C',*$+i"9$! HI91

    P+'!$! I"ii'+. T!i. D!-$+*!" '& !*i+# R'! U"i:!+i#.

    =+$$*'%".

    R'#. 2011. M$)$($ F!"'(i). ->+'#-,+$)$-,$('//*$'#.('/-'.'*. Di$)!

     -$$ $"//$( 12 M$+! 2015

    Wi)i-!i$ $$* i"$*$ A"$+i)i*i$.2013 ASAM SINAMAT BAHAN UNTUK

    PARFUM. ->%$%$$"i(*,)i*i$.%'+-+!.'*.

    FENOL 2016 29

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    ->%%%.$$!*i$.!,22B$V2.VBi'i"!iVS!"#$%$VF!"'(i)VS$#,+$"VI"i/!"

    ',VI"'"!i$. Di$)! $"//$( 11 A-+i( 2014.

    https://www.academia.edu/7728288/Bab_2._Biosintesis_Senyawa_Fenolik_-Sayuran_Indigenous_Indonesiahttps://www.academia.edu/7728288/Bab_2._Biosintesis_Senyawa_Fenolik_-Sayuran_Indigenous_Indonesiahttps://www.academia.edu/7728288/Bab_2._Biosintesis_Senyawa_Fenolik_-Sayuran_Indigenous_Indonesiahttps://www.academia.edu/7728288/Bab_2._Biosintesis_Senyawa_Fenolik_-Sayuran_Indigenous_Indonesia