Makalah Chap 2

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    MAKALAH SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN

    CHAPTER 2 COMPUTER SYSTEMS

    DITUJUKAN KEPADA:

    1. Dr. NOORLAILIE SOEWARNO, SE., MBA., Ak., CMA. 2. WIWIK SUPRATIWI, SE., MBA., Ak., CMA.

    DISUSUN OLEH:

    1. MARSHYA APRILIA S.Z. 0414242!00"

    2. ISA NUR #ITRI 0414242!01

    !. NU$ROHO BUDI PRASETYO 0414242!02%

    MAGISTER AKUNTANSIFAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS

    UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA

    2015/2016

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    LANDASAN TEORI

    COMPUTER SYSTEMS

    K&'()*+r '+r)(k- * '&/+r- - */k 3 /+(k- /r k+5/)(- +5r65r,

    ') /r '+-+r7k- (+k+r7- k-*&r '( k+*- ')*'+/. K&'()*+r +'k-

    3+rk+'3- /- *+r) 3+rk+'3- *-( 3*. S*+' k&'()*+r /5 )*) 7r--

    ++k*r&-k - *+r/r /r (+r-k* )-k /- (+r-k* k+r - '+k)k- *) *+r*+-*)

    8'+-+r' -()*, '+'(r&+ -()*, '+-'(- (+r-*56(+r-*5, /- '+-+/k- &)*()*

    /' 3+-*)k -9&r'. S+- *), /(* () /r*k- +3 ++'+-6++'+- - *+rk*

    )-*)k '+-7-k- )*) k*;* /+-- '+-)-k- k&'()*+r. K&'()*+r /(* '+'3-*)

    '-) /' (+k+r7- +5r65r-, (+k+r7- *) +(+r* (+-&5- k*, (+-&5

    --k, +r* (+-&5- '3r.

    E+'+- /r *+' k&'()*+r *+r/r /r '-)- 83r-

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    M+'&r k&'()*+r +(+r* '+'&r - /'k '-) /'- 3+r9)- )-*)k

    '+-'(- /* /' '+'&r )-*)k /-*k- k+'3 7k /)-k- k+')/-. M+'&r

    k&'()*+r /r-=- /+-- '+'3 /' =+ /- 7)'5 - *+*( /r /* - /'(-

    /' *( =+ 8)*) '*. M+'&r *+r3 '+-7/ /):

    1. I-*+r- S*&r+M+/ (+-'(-- - *+r/(* / /' k&'()*+r

    RAM 8R-/&' A==+ M+'&r

    U-*)k '+-'(- (r&r' - k* &5 )-*)k +'+-*r /*), /'3, *) /5() -. S*r)k*)r RAM

    *+r3 '+-7/ +'(* 3- )*', *):. I-()* S*&r+

    D)-k- )-*)k '+-'()- -()* - /')kk- '+) * -()*.3. Pr&r' S*&r9+

    D)-k- )-*)k '+-'(- +') -*r)k (r&r' - k- /k+.=. W&rk- S*&r+

    D)-k- )-*)k '+-'(- /* - k- /&5 /- 5 (+-&5-./. O)*()* S*&r+

    D)-k- )-*)k '+-'()- 5 k5r /r (+-&5- /* - k-

    /*'(k- k+ * &)*()*.

    ROM 8R+/ O- M+'&r

    M+'&r - 5- 3 /3= /- 3+r)- +3 (+-+/ -9&r'

    (/ * k&'()*+r (+r*' k /-k-. H- /(* /3=, */k 3

    '+- +)*) k+ /' ROM, )/5 / &+5 (3rk (+'3)*-. B+r)(

    *+' &(+r *+r/r /r (r&r' (&k&k, +(+r* (r&r' )-*)k '+-*)r

    (+-'(- krk*+r / r, (+-- *&'3& k)-= ((- k+*k )-*)k k+(+r)-

    k&-*r& *+r*+-*), /- 3&&**r( (r&r'. Pr&r' 3&&**r( /(+r)k- (/*

    (+r*' k *+' k&'()*+r /k*9k- 83&&*-, - /(* 3+r)( cold

    booting *) warm booting. D')-k-k- )-*)k '+r)35 ROM, /+-- =r'+'(r&r' k+'3, *) :

    . PROM 8Pr&r''3+ R+/ O- M+'&r, - 5- /(* /+(r&r'

    *) k.3. EPROM 8Er3+ Pr&r''3+ R+/ O- M+'&r, /(* /5()

    /+-- -r )*r;&+*, /(* /(r&r' k+'3 3+r)-6)-.=. EEPROM 8E+=*r= Er3+ Pr&r''3+ R+/ O- M+'&r,

    /(* /5() +=r ++k*r&-k /- /(* /(r&r' k+'3.2. E?*+r- S*&r+

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    P+r-k* k+r )-*)k '+k)k- &(+r (+-)-, (+'3=- /- (+-'(-- /*,

    / )r k&'(&-+- )*', *):

    Hr/ /k

    CD > D@D

    #5 /k, /.

    B&(. ! C,!&' S*"-".

    S+*( + '+'&r *+r/r /r *) +* *+r*+-*) /r rk)* 8)3+* k+= /r rk)*

    *+r-*+r (/ =5( '+'&r, /- '-6'- r-k- /(* /*)r )-*)k 3k &- *)

    &99. Kr+- +*( rk)* '+'k 5- /) -+r 8&- /- &99, '+r+k *+5 /'k-

    /+-- 1 /- 0, /) - - ')-k- /r 3-- 3-+r. D+-- /+'k-, '-6'-

    r-k- +) /+-- /* 3-+r, *) +/k*. D' r-k )-*)k '+ )-* &. P/ -()*, &)*()*, /- 9+, k+' (+-k&/+- +r-

    /)-k(k- '+) 3-*k63-*k '-+* 8&- /- &99 (/ 3+3+r( '+/, +(+r* /k. D'

    *r-' /*, k+' (+-k&/+- +r- /-*k- '+) +r-k- () ++k*rk *)

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    () =5. S-k*-, k+' (+-k&/+- -* (+-*- )-*)k '+')-k-k-

    (+-'(--, *r-', /- '-() /*.

    A#&(-"(&* L,'&*$ U&( ALU

    U-* Ar*'*k /- L&k, *) Arithmetic LogicUnit 8ALU, /5 * -

    '+k)k- +') &(+rr*'*k /+-- /r (+-7)'5- +5- rk)*++k*r&-k -

    /)-k- /+3)* //+r 7) '+k)k-k+()*)- /r )*) &(+r &k +)

    /+---*r)k (r&r'. O(+r &k '+()* (+r3-/--/) &(+r-/ /+--

    '+-)-k- &(+r*&r &k*+r*+-*), *) ' /+-- 8, */k ' /+-- 8,k)r- /r

    8, k)r- *) ' /+-- 8, +35 3+r/r 8F, /- +35 3+r *) ' /+-- 8 ALU

    7)/(* '+k)k- (+k-- r'*k 8(+-)r--,(+-'35- /- +'='-,

    (+k-- & 8 AND,OR, NOT , /- (+k-- (+r3-/--8'+'3-/-k- /) &*/+-- k++*r-.

    C,-+)("# F&$".

    S+3 (k - +/- /(r&+ / k&'()*+r, /* - /3)*)5k- )-*)k

    (+r5*)-- * - 5r) /'(- /' '+'&r k&'()*+r. K(* '+'&r *+r3*

    8'+k()- 3 (+r +35 *) *r)- 3*+ (/ 3+3+r( '+- 3+r, /- */k / =)k)(

    r)- )-*)k '+-'(- +') /* )-*)k +') (r&r' +=r 3+r'- 3+r7- 8'-,

    M=r&&9* E?=+, M=r&&9* W&r/, A/&3+ P5&*&5&( /' '+'&r (/

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    3+r)r)*- +) /+-- *&'3& k&-*r& 9+. M-, 9+ (+-7- k- 3+r *) =**-

    )-*)k +*( kr

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    M+-/(*k- (&()r* /' 3+3+r( *5)- *+rk5r - (&r*3+ /- 5r/ /r;+

    +k*+r- /+k*&( - /(* /'(rk- k+ (&r* USB 'kr&k&'()*+r *). D+k*&( 5r/ /r;+

    +k*+r- '+'k k(* /- 3 'r( /+-- 5r/ /r;+ -*+r-, +r* k+=+(*- *r-9+r

    /* - '. I- /r;+ +k*+r- /(* '+'3+rk- k+''()- 3=k)( +r* (+-'35-

    - -9k- k(* -*+r- 5r/ /r;+. D3-/-k- /+-- 5r/ /r;+ +k*+r- -*+r-

    /- /+k*&( /r;+ (&r*3+ 3- '+'k k(* 'k')' - +35 k+= 8'-,

    40 3*+ /+-- 3 10 /- k+=+(*- *r-9+r /* +35 '3* 8*), 5- 0

    '+3*+ (+r /+*k. I- /r;+ (&r*3+, - '+'k /r&( (+-7 9*)r )-*)k '+-=+5

    k+r)k- /r *+*+, '+')-k-k- (+-)- )-*)k '+'3)* =/-- 9+ /* - -*

    3+r /- '+'-/5k- 9+69+ /* - 3+r /r *) *+' k&'()*+r k+ k&'()*+r -.

    K)-= )-*)k &(+r 9+ k+ -)- /5 35

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    (-5 ) /' $'3r 2.1, /*9rk- &+5 )-* k&-*r&, /- /k)k-. U-* k&-*r& 3+k+r7

    '+) +)r)5 /9*r &(+r (/ k+=+(*- ++k*r&-k, /r(/ '+-)-) (+-)- )-*)k

    '+'3+r*5) ( - 5r) /k)k- +-7)*-. A( - *+5 k' 7+k- /5 k&-+(

    (r&r' - /'(-, - '+r)(k- /+ - (- (+-*- /' +') k&'()*.

    THE STORED PROGRAM CONCEPT

    B+3+r( &r- 5r) '+-(k- /9*r - *+(* /r ( k&'()*+r /5 )-*)k

    '+k)k-. D9*r - 5r) /' 3+-*)k - )-* k&-*r& k&'()*+r *+5 /3-)- )-*)k

    '+'5'. D9*r +-k( ( - 5r) /k)k- )-*)k +3)5 (k - /+3)*

    (r&r', /- +*( -k5 -/;/) *) &(+r /' (r&r' /+3)* -*r)k. U-* k&-*r&

    '+k-k- (r&r', *) -k5 *) -*r)k (/ *)

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    S+=r )')', +*( -*r)k 35 '+- *+r/r /r /) 3-: k&/+ &(+r /- *)

    *) +35 '*. K&/+ &(+r /5 '3& 8'-, A )-*)k // - '+'3+r*5) )-*

    k&-*r& ( &(+r - k- /k)k-. A'* '+-=) (/ +6+ *+r*+-*) / '+'&r -

    - k- *+r3* /' &(+r. S+3 =&-*&5, )-*)k k&'()*+r 5(&*+* -*r)k

    Operation Code Addresses

    A 40 00

    3+rr* k&'()*+r 5r) '+-'35k- 7)'5 - /*+')k- /' + '+'&r 40 k+ -&'&r

    - /*+')k- /' + '+'&r 00, '+-'(- 5- k+'3 + '+'&r 00. O+5

    kr+- *), 7k - !2,10

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    S+*+5 (r&r' 35 '+- +)r)5 *+5 /(k-, 5r) /')kk- k+ /'

    k&'()*+r, '+-)-k- 5 *) '+*&/+ ')k- )/5 /7+k-, /- /'(- /'

    '+'&r k&'()*+r. I- -k5 '+')k (r&r' /' '+'&r /+3)* &/- (r&r'. U-*

    k&-*r& k+')/- /=+r*k- 8+-*5 3'- / '- )-*)k '+-+')k- -*r)k (+r*'

    /' (r&r' -. U-* k&-*r& '+-'3 -*r)k (+r*' - /- '+-+'(*k-- / +

    (+-'(-- k5)) - /+3)* r+*+r /' )-* k&-*r&. M+-)-k- 3)*6- rk)*, )-*

    k&-*r& '+-9rk- -*r)k 8'+-k) ( - 5r) /k)k- /- '+-+33k-- )-*)k

    /+k+k) 8/k)k- &+5 k&'(&-+- - +) k&'()*+r. M-, )-* k&-*r& k-

    '+-9rk- -*r)k // /*'(k- +3+)'-, '+-+33k- + '+'&r 40 /- 00

    k- /kr' k+ r*'*k > )-* &, '+-+33k- r*'*k > )-* & )-*)k '+-'35k-

    /) -k6-k -, /- k+')/- '+-+33k- 7

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    /' 35 *+r*+-*) (/ '+- +/- /+/k. P+r-k* kr+- *) +35 3+r'k-

    /r(/ r*- MIPS +/+r5-, *+*( '+r+k '5 5- '+-=+r'-k- /+r5 '5

    *)-. S*) *+r+/ )-*)k )')' 8/- /(+r3r) +=r 3+rk +* (+r-k* M#LOPS

    /5 (+r-k* LINPACK, / '- 3/- '5 /-( /5 &) *+' (/*

    (+r'- -+r /+-- '+-)-k- &9*

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    W&r/B+-=5 (/ *) k&'()*+r (/ *)

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    Mr k* '+-7/ 7+ *+-*- 3+ /' k*+&r -. S+'+-*r PC +r- /)-k-

    8/' 3)k) - /- / *+'(* - +3 -&-' )-*)k 'kr&, +3+-r- PC '+-=) (/

    IBM PC *) 5 *) /r '+- - k&'(*3+ /3-)- &+5 ;+-/&r - +(+r* H+

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    M= (/ *5)- 1%%".

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    *) -/;/) 8+/-k- PC - /)-k- &+5 *) -/;/). W&rk**&- //rk- (/

    =5( 'kr&(r&+&r, *( =5( =+-/+r)- +35 k)* /r(/ - /)-k- /'

    'kr&k&'()*+r. W&rk**&-, (/ k+-*--, /+ +r;+r. 8B3 k- '+'35

    *+' =+-* > +r;+r. L+35 7)5 , kr+- -* k)* krk*+r*k 5r6k-+r7 '+r+k

    /3-/-k- /+-- 7+- - /r k&'()*+r,

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    k&')-k - 3-k /- =+(*. D+-- 3+rk+'3-- *+k-&& /r

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    /- r+* 9) -)kr. K+''()- k&'()* 3- //+9-k- +3 (+-)--

    'k')'/ k&'()* )-*)k '+'+=5k- '5 3+r /' 7)'5

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    k- /7-k- &+5 (+r-*5 ')()- =**-6=**- - /(+r)k- &+5 k&'()*+r )-*)k

    '+-7-k- (+r-*5 - /7-k--.

    S&9*

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    &9*(+r-k* )-k - /5)3)-k- /+-- (+k-- (r&r'

    /-k&&r/- /r k*;* *+' =&'()*+r. B+3+r( 7+- *+' &(+r +(+r* : L-)?.

    W-/&

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    /-* /+-- *5r/ -/ 9&)r*5 +-+r*&- -)+ 8! $L /- 4 $L /- &37+=* &r+-*+/

    (r&r''- 8OOP.

    T! G""#(&, L')'" 8 GL

    T5r/ +-+r*&- -)+ 7) /+3)* (r&=+/)r -)+, kr+- '+r+k

    '+-+k(r+k- *) /+' *) (r&+/)r - /r-=- &+5 (r&r''+r )-*)k '+-++k-

    *) - /--k-. T+-*) 7 -k5 /' (r&+/)r 5r) /+k(r+k- /+-- *(+

    **+'+-* *+r*+-*) - / /' 35 (r&=+/)r. B5 (r&=+/)r (-

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    #&)r*5 +-+r*&- -)+ 7) /+3)* /+-- (r&/)=*;* -)+ /- -&-(r&=+/)r

    -)+, /5 35 - +35 ')/5 /)-k- /r(/ +-+r k+*. U-*)k

    '+-)-k- ! $L, (r&r''+r 5r) '+r-=- (r&+/)r *) /+' *) )-*)k '+-=( 5

    - /--k- /- '+-'(k-- /' ! $L. D+-- 4 $L, (+-)- =&'()*+r 5-

    (+r) '+'3+rk- **+'+-* ( - '+r+k --k-, 3)k- (+-7+- 3'- =r

    '+k)k--.

    Akr /r 4 $L k+'3 k+ *5)- 1%, /k+-k- RAMIS. L) / #OCUS, - 7)

    '5 /)-k- '( * -. P/ *5)- 1%%0, (+r5*- > **k 3+r* (r&/)k - /5

    (&r*3*, k+''()- 4 $L )-*)k 3+k+r7 /+-- (*9&r' 5r/

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    '+-7+k-, /- '+-/+kr(k- *+k *) /* /' +3)5 /&k)'+- '+) (+-)--

    *. B5 'rk)( - - (&()+r +(+r* HTML, '+-'3rk- k+(/ 3r&

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    M '-+r *+r+3)* -- '+'(+r&+5 /* /r 3 /'-*r 'k '-+r *+r+3)*

    */k 5r) '+-'3- -)- *+*( /(* '+-)r)5 (+*) 3 /'-*r )-*)k

    '+-'3-. P/ k) *+r+3)* +&r- '-+r */k 5r) '+-+*5) 3'- =r

    '+-'3 /* *+r+3)* *+*( '-+r 3 '+-/(*k- /* *+r+3)* '+) &37+k (+*)

    /'-*r. J/ )-*)k '+-++k- )*) '5 /+-- k&3&r -*r &37+k6&37+k -

    / kr+- +*( &37+k '+'k /+kr( *)- +-/r.

    L')'" ,# D"="$,+&' "; A++$&*(&,.

    W)()- (k 3+r3

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    /*3+ 3r) /r-=- )-*)k *+' k&'()*+r '&3+. S*r)k*)r 5rrk /)-k-

    *+r)*' * - )-*)k '+-'(- -9&r' +&r9 /- *+' 9+.2. S(#):()#

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