LARGER FORAMINIFERA CATALOG -...

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LARGER FORAMINIFERA CATALOG

ON MEMBER OF CALCARENITE

PAMUTUAN FORMATION (Katalog Foraminifera Besar

pada Anggota Kalkarenit Formasi Pamutuan)

Written by :

Vijaya Isnaniawardhani

Edited by :

Adjat Sudrajat and Nana Sulaksana

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Copyright@2018, Vijaya Isnaniawardhani Hak cipta dilindungi oleh undang-undang.

Dilarang mengutip atau meperbanyak sebagian

atau seluruh isi buku tanpa izin tertulis dari Penerbit.

Cetakan 1, 2018 Diterbitkan oleh Unpad Press

Grha Kandaga, Perpustakaan Unpad Lt 1 Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang Km 21 Bandung 45363

Telp. (022) 84288812 psw 3806 e-mail: [email protected]/ [email protected]

http://press.unpad.ac.id Anggota IKAPI dan APPTI

Bahasa/Language : English dan Indonesia Editor : Adjat Sudradjat, Nana Sulaksana

Tata Letak dan Desain Sampul : Vijaya Inaniawardhani dan Trisatya

Katalog Vijaya Isnaniawardhani Larger Foraminifera Catalog On Member of Calcarenite Pamutuan Formation / Penulis Vijaya Isnaniawardhani; Penyunting, Adjat Sudradjat, Nana Sulaksana. Cet. I – Bandung; Unpad Press; 2018 115 h; 29 cm ISBN 978-602-439-308-3 I. Judul II. Vijaya Isnaniawardhani

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PREFACE

Catalog of larger foraminifera on Calcarenite Member of

Pamutuan Formation is arranged based on detail field

observation and laboratorium analysis on limestone in

Cintaratu, Pangandaran District, West Java, Indonesia. This

book is prepared to complement the references of foraminifera

in Indonesia. A little studies on larger foraminifera taxonomy

in Indonesia have been conducted by world researchers, among

all, by Boudagher-Fadel and Lokier (2005) in South Central

Java, Isnaniawardhani, et al. (2012) in Bogor - West Java,

Sharaf, et al. (2006) in East Java, Boudagher-Fadel and Wilson

(2000) in Southeast Kalimantan, van Vessem (1978) in Java

and Borneo, van de Vlerk and Postuma (1976) in East Java and

Madura, van der Vlerk (1966) in Moluscas, as well as compiled

by Bromfield and Renema (2011), Lunt and Allan (2004), van

Gorsel (1988), Adisaputra (1992) and Tan Sin Hok (1935).

This catalog book provides geological occurrence, samples

processing, systematic description, photograph and

stratigraphic range of numerous larger foraminifera species

recorded in limestone in Cintaratu. Loeblich and Tappan’s

classification (1988) is followed, and genera are alphabetical

systematically arrangement within the various superfamily or

family categories, and the family group taxa within the

suborders are arranged in order of presumed evolutionary

sequence or increasing the complexity. Descriptions are

generally focused on morphological test external and internal.

Photographs are included to give an illustration and clarify the

description. Stratigraphic range is given to level the geologic

series or epoch. The reference book will be very helpful for the

foraminifera workers at all level in identification of fossils as

well as applied to geological and environmental studies.

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The deep appreciation is extended to Rector of Universitas

Padjadjaran for encouragement and support to the

micropaleontological observation as part of research funded by

Academic Leadership Grants (ALG) no. 855/UN6.3.1/PL

/2017. The author is indebted to Prof. Dr. Ir. Adjat Sudradjat,

M.Sc and Prof. Dr. Ir. Nana Sulaksana, MSP for reading of

manuscript and giving the valuable suggestion. Thanks also to

colleges at the Department of Geoscience and geology

assistants (Sisca, Winda and Fakhrul) for supporting and

assistance during observation.

Bandung, February 19

, 2018

Vijaya Isnaniawardhani

ABSTRACT

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Detail field observation and laboratory analysis were

conducted on limestone in Cintaratu. Larger foraminifera

assemblages were found in the intraclast-larger foram

bioclastic packstone, the larger foram bioclastic packstone and

the larger foram bioclastic grainstone units of Calcarenite

Member of Pamutuan Formation. Twelve species/subspecies

can be determined in samples, among all, Alanlordia

banyakensis, Amphistegina quoyii, Amphistegina sp.,

Austrotrillina howchini, Cycloclypeus sp., Katacycloclypeus

annulatus, Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) oneatensis,

Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) rutteni quadrata,

Heterostegina (Vlerkina) borneensis, Heterostegina (Vlerkina)

sp., Planorbulinella solida and Victoriella sp. Systematic

description, stratigraphic range completed by photograph of

each taxa were clearly presented. The appearance of

Katacycloclypeus annulatus and Heterostegina (Vlerkina)

borneensis in the intraclast-larger foram bioclastic packstone

unit, the lowest part of Calcarenite Member, indicates Tf1

stage or early Middle Miocene aged. The appearance of

Austrotrillina howchini and Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina)

rutteni quadrata respectively in upper units indicates that the

formation of this limestone succession was running until Tf2

stage or late Middle Miocene.

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ABSTRAK

Pengamatan lapangan dan analisis laboratorium secara detil

dilakukan pada batugamping di daerah Cintaratu. Kumpulan

foraminifera besar ditemukan pada unit-unit Packstone

bioklastik intraklas – foram besar, Packstone bioklastik foram

besar dan Grainstone bioklastik foram besar pada Anggota

Kalkarenit Formasi Pamutuan. Duabelas spesies/subspesies

dapat dideterminasi dalam sampel, yaitu, Alanlordia

banyakensis, Amphistegina quoyii, Amphistegina sp.,

Austrotrillina howchini, Cycloclypeus sp., Katacycloclypeus

annulatus, Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) oneatensis,

Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) rutteni quadrata,

Heterostegina (Vlerkina) borneensis, Heterostegina (Vlerkina)

sp., Planorbulinella solida dan Victoriella sp. Deskripsi

sistematis, kisaran stratigrafi yang dilengkapi oleh foto dari

setiap taksa disajikan dengan jelas. Kehadiran

Katacycloclypeus annulatus dan Heterostegina (Vlerkina)

borneensis dalam unit Packstone bioklastik intraklas – foram

besar, bagian paling bawah dari Anggota Kalkarenit,

menunjukkan zona umur Tf1 atau awal Miosen Tengah.

Kehadiran Austrotrillina howchini dan Lepidocyclina

(Nephrolepidina) rutteni quadrata berturut-turut dalam unit-

unit di atasnya menunjukkan bahwa pembentukan suksesi

batugamping ini berlangsung hingga zona umur Tf2 atau akhir

Miosen Tengah.

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CONTENTS

PREFACE .......................................................................... ii

ABSTRACT ....................................................................... iv

ABSTRAK ......................................................................... v

CONTENTS ....................................................................... vi

CHAPTER I LARGER FORAMINIFERA ....................... 1

CHAPTER II GEOLOGY ................................................. 3

CHAPTER III SAMPLE PROCESSING .......................... 15

CHAPTER IV SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION AND

STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE ............................................. 19

CHAPTER V AGE AND DEPOSITIONAL

ENVIRONMENT .............................................................. 43

REFERENCES................................................................... 48

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CHAPTER I

LARGER FORAMINIFERA

Foraminifera are a group of microfossils, between 0.1 and 1

mm in size, generally average between 0.3 and 0.4 mm (fine

sand grained). This order is classified to Subkingdom Protozoa,

Kingdom Protista (Loeblich and Tappan, 1988)

The foraminifera have cytoplasmic body enclosed in test or

shell of one or more interconnected chambers. The wall of test

may be homogeneous or of similar or unlike layers or laminae,

may be imperforate or finely to coarsely perforate, basically

proteinaceous but may have agglutinated particles, or may

deposit the mineral calcite, aragonite, or rarely silica on the

organic base. The calcareous wall may be porcelaneous,

microgranular, or hyaline and optically or ultrastructurally

radiate or granular; canal or stolon system of varied complexity

may be present. The tests are developed by agglutinated

foreign material, or of chitin, or of calcareous material secreted

by the animal itself. The test commonly has one or more main

apertures through which pseudopodia protrude. Sexual and

asexual generatio may be suppressed; gametes biflagellate,

triflagellate, or amoeboid.

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The foramifera are free-living or rarely parasitic; benthic and

attached or motile, or pelagic, spread in Cambrian to Holocene

aged sediments. They are almost entirely marine animals,

though a very few live in brackish or even fresh water.

Larger foraminifera have large, complex calcareous tests

(generally 2-5 mm in diameter). The giant variants of some

taxa (Cycloclypeus, Eulepidina and Nummulites) reach more

than 5 cm.

The identification at the species level is generally allowed by

external features or random thin sections. Oriented thin

sections through the embryonic stage are usually required for

determination of species or degree of development within an

evolutionary series.

The large foraminifera live in shallow, clear, tropical or

subtropical marine waters, and are often associated with coral

reefs. Some are bottom dwellers, others live attached to sea

grasses. Most, or all, have a symbiotic relationship with algae

or diatoms and are thus restricted to the photic zone (van

Gorsel, 1988).

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CHAPTER II

GEOLOGY

2.1. REGIONAL GEOLOGY

In Pangandaran, many lava flows and laharic breccias of

Jampang Formation are cropped out (Syafri, et al., 2016). The

lava flows are highly porphyritic basalt containing calc-

alkaline major and trace element. K-Ar age dating on Sukaraja

and Pangandaran samples gave values of respectively 25.0 –

28.0 MYBP and 17.6 – 17.9 MYBP. The age of Pangandaran

rock is the youngest among the volcanics of “Old Andesite”

belt; most likely representing the uppermost part of Jampang

Formation (Soeria-Atmadja, et al., 1994).

While in the west the tectonic activities already uplifted the

Southern Mountains, in Pangandaran the volcanic arc remains

under the sea. In the eastern part of Southern Mountains, this

activity was marked by development of Citanduy Fault.

Andesitic to laharic lava flows and volcanic breccia of

Jampang Formation are conformably overlain by sandstone,

calcarenite, marl, tuff, claystone and limestone of Pamutuan

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Formation. Calcarenite and clastic limestone intercalated with

marl (known as Calcarenite Member of Pamutuan

Formation/Tmpl) in mid succession are exposed. These strata

are intercalated with tuff and marl (Marly Tuff Member of

Pamutuan Formation/Tmpt). Alluvium covered the Tertiary

succession (Simanjuntak and Surono, 1992; Syafri, et al.,

2016) (Fig. 2.1).

Fig 2.1. Regional geologic map of Cintaratu and its

surroundings

(modified from Simanjuntak and Surono, 1992)

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2.2. GEOLOGY OF CALCARENITE MEMBER OF

PAMUTUAN FORMATION

Detail mapping was conducted in the area of approximately 5

km2

located in Cintaratu. This site geographically is situated at

the longitudes 108°29′39.29′′ and 108°31′34.27′′ West and

latitudes 7°38′21.68′′ and 7°39′ 36.22′′ South. This study area

is about 18 km from a tourist destination, Pangandaran, that

can be reached on 15 km of main road in the direction of

Cijulang (to West) and 3 km smaller access after turning left to

the North in Citumang junction (Fig. 2.2).

Fig. 2.2 Field observation on limestone was conducted in

Cintaratu, Pangandaran District.

The succession of Calcarenite Member exposed in Cintaratu

divided into five facies, namely:

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1. Intraclast-larger foram bioclastic packstone

2. Larger foram bioclastic packstone

3. Planktic foram bioclastic packstone

4. Interbedded calcareous mudstone-calcareous sandstone

5. Larger foram bioclastic grainstone

Lateral and vertical distribution of these facies is shown in Fig.

2.3 and 2.4 (Isnaniawardhani, et al., 2018). Lithological

characteristic of each facies be described as follow.

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Fig. 2.3 The lateral distribution of Calcarenite Member of

Pamutuan Formation in Cintaratu

(redrawn from Isnaniawardhani, et al., 2018)

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Fig. 2.4 Vertical distribution of Calcarenite Member of

Pamutuan Formation in Cintaratu

(redrawn from Isnaniawardhani, et al., 2018)

Unit 1 - Intraclast-larger foram bioclastic packstone

Macroscopically, the fresh granular limestone is whitish

brown, the weathered rocks are brownish yellow, dominated by

medium to coarse sand grain sizes (½ mm to 1 mm), containing

lithified and intermediately lithified lime clasts (intraclast),

sedimentary rocks, and skeletal fossils fragments (Fig. 2.5).

Fragments embedded in matrix shows vary texture and

composition. Structure sediment (cross bedding and wavy

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laminations) are recorded in some outcrops (Isnaniawardhani,

et al., 2018).

Fig.2.5 The surface expression of intraclast larger foram

bioclastic packstone

Microscopically, the rock dominantly consists of angular

shape, poorly sorted of lime clasts and rock fragments

(maximal 10%), K-feldspar mineral (1-3%), micro quartz or

poly-crystalline (1%) and fossil fragments (50-55%). The

various fragments are embedded in the micrite dominated

matrix (10-20%) and cement (2-6%). Many fossils appear

broken, weak or abraded. The crystallized calcite minerals with

the overgrowth texture were frequently identified in the outer

foram shells. Intraparticle, interparticle, moldic and vuggy

porosities are observed (2 %). The presence of intraclasts of

coral limestone indicated that the source rocks were closely

located. (Fig. 2.6) (Isnaniawardhani, et al., 2018).

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Fig 2.6. Thin section of intraclast larger foram bioclastic

packstone (parallel and cross nicol)

Unit 2 - Larger foram bioclastic packstone

Macroscopically, the clastic limestone are well cemented, grain

supported, poorly stratified, with the average thickness of 15

cm (Fig. 2.7) (Isnaniawardhani, et al., 2018).

Fig. 2.7 The surface expression of larger foram bioclastic

packstone

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Microscopically the bioclastic limestone composes of fossil

fragments (55% - 57%), carbonate fragments (<5%), K-

feldspar (1% - 2%) and pyroxene (1%). The fragments are

embedded in the micrite and clay matrix (20% - 28%) with

sparit cements (1% - 3%). The fossil shells are mostly whole,

undamaged, and are not abraded (Fig. 2.8). Intraparticle,

interparticle and vuggy porosities, in places moldic, are

observed (Isnaniawardhani, et al., 2018).

Fig 2.8 Thin section of larger foram bioclastic packstone

(parallel and cross nicol)

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Unit 3 - Planktic foram bioclastic packstone

This planktic foram bioclastic packstone unit consists of well

cemented clastic limestone. The fresh specimen shows broken

white to brownish, whereas in the weathered condition it is

brownish yellow; grains dominated by fine sand grain size

(1/16 mm to 1 mm). Parallel and cross beddings are found in

some places (Isnaniawardhani, et al., 2018).

Unit 4 - Interbedded calcareous mudstone-calcareous

sandstone

The clastic sediment composes of the interbedded between

grey calcareous mudstone and calcareous sandstone, poorly

cemented and moderately weathered at the surface

(Isnaniawardhani, et al., 2018).

Unit 5 - Larger foram bioclastic grainstone

Macroscopically, the larger foram clastic limestone,

characterized by predominated coarse sand grain size

fragments (1 mm – 2 mm). It is poorly cemented and

weathered at the surface with intensive cavities (Fig. 2.9).

(Isnaniawardhani, et al., 2018).

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Fig. 2.9 The surface expression of larger foram bioclastic

grainstone

Microscopically, in the thin section the limestone shows the

composition of fossil fragments (55 % - 65%) consisting

mainly of larger benthic foram and a small number of algae. It

also consists of K-feldspar (2%-5%) and carbonate minerals

(8% - 15%). The fragments are embedded in micrite matrix (<

5%) and carbonate cement (3-5%) (Fig 2.10). Fracture and

vuggy porosities are largely found (Isnaniawardhani, et al.,

2018).

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Fig 2.10 Thin section of larger foram bioclastic grainstone

(parallel and cross nicol)

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CHAPTER III

SAMPLE PROCESSING

Limestone samples are collected more exact for observation

macroscopically and better determination in laboratory. Fresh

samples were broken directly from the outcrop. Sample size

varies with the grainsize and homogeneity of the rock. For

homogeneous rock with grains smaller than 0.15 cm samples

measuring about 7.2 x 9.6 x 2.4 cm are generally adequate, but

rocks with grains as large as 0.3 cm, likely require about twice

that size. Larger samples were collected in the area where the

rock consist of coarser grain or showing sedimentary structure.

The rock samples to be analyzed are cut with the machine. The

thin section is attempted to by-pass the structure of larger

foraminifera present in vertical and horizontal direction (Fig.

3.1).

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Fig. 3.1 The rock samples are cut by machine

After getting the direction of the thin section, the sample is

attenuated on both sides (Fig. 3.2).

Fig. 3.2 The sample is attenuated on both sides

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Polish one side of the sample using abrasive (carbondum) and

water (Fig. 3.3).

Fig. 3.3 Polish the sample using carbondum and water

After that, paste the sides on the objective glass (international

size 43 mm x 30 mm) using canadian balsam (Fig. 3.4).

Fig. 3.4 Paste the sides on the objective glass using canadian

balsam

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Thin the other side until the sample becomes transparent and

usually with a thickness of about 30-50 μm. After reaching this

thickness, drop the Canadian Balsam to taste and then covered

with cover glass. Give a label and the sample is ready to be

determined (Fig. 3.5).

Fig 3.5. Sample is ready to determinated

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CHAPTER IV

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION AND

STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE

Superfamily Acervulinoidea Schultze, 1854

Family Acervulinidae Schultze, 1854

Genus Alanlordia Banner and Samuel, 1995.

Biconvex shell, septal aperture, but some lattice, apertures such

as pores develop on the distal, outer part of the wall. The

beginning of the round produces the back and abdominal parts

by the lining of the small chambers added in a radial sequence

forming a successive layer.

Alanlordia banyakensis Banner and Samuel, 1955

In the horizontal section of the planispiral form, there is

proloculus, spinning well, rough pores at the end of wall cubic.

Stratigraphic range:

Middle Miocene (Tf2) to Late Pliocene.

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Superfamily Asterigerinoida d’Orbigny, 1839

Family Amphisteginidae Cushman, 1927

Genus Amphistegina d’Orbigny, 1826

Lenticular, asymmetrical biconvex trochospiral shell that may

be bi-involute or partially opposite on the spiral side. The

chambers are very spacious, and strong curved backs on the

edges to form an extension of the chamber. The umbilical side

is stellate, and has different umbilical plugs. The walls are

calcareous, thick, radial optical, smooth and curved surface as a

whole. Interiomarginal aperture gap on the umbilical side,

bordering the lips.

Amphistegina quoyii d’Orbigny 1826

On a vertical section has a secondary septa / tootplate in the

last chamber, an involute-shaped chamber, a simple wall, a

prolongation alar there, the last chamber round covered the

previous chamber round. In the horizontal section of the

planispiral form, there is septa, chambers are arranged 4-5

rounds, evolute-shaped chambers with clear marginal chord.

Stratigraphic range:

Eocene to Holocene.

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Amphistegina sp. d’Orbigny, 1826

On the vertical section the shape is not symmetrical, has a

secondary septa / tootplate in the last chamber, the involute-

shaped chamber, the simple wall, the prolongation alar there,

the last chamber round covered the previous chamber.

Stratigraphic range:

Eocene to Holocene.

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Superfamily Miliolacea Ehrenberg, 1839

Family Austrotrillinidae Loeblich and Tappan, 1986

Genus Austrotrillina Parr, 1942

A triloculina shell with a smooth to rough-covered alveolus,

that can be split into two, aperture with simple teeth in the

starting chamber, branching off into smaller openings. It has a

clear alveolus wall.

Austrotrillina howchini (Schlumberger, 1893)

Synonym:

Trillina howchini Schlumberger, 1893.

Austrotrillina howchini Schlumberger - Barberi, et al., 1987.

In a horizontal section, Austrotrillina howchini not only has a

triangular space in the transverse section (triangular), but also

most importantly has an alveolus which bifurcate, the interior

alveolus split or being divided peripherally into smaller

alveolus.

The greatest diameter 1.00 mm; alveolus bifurcating, d/b=4;

wall thickness between alveolus 10 µm (Boudagher-Fadel and

Lokier, 2005).

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Stratigraphic range:

Middle Miocene (Tf1).

Barberi et al. (1987) recorded it from the Tf1 (Upper

Burdigalian-Langhian) of the carbonate sequence of Sumbawa

island. It also found from the upper Tf1, top of the Langhian of

Kali Sambi section (SAM) in the Gunung Sewu area of South

Central Java (Boudagher-Fadel and Lokier, 2005).

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Superfamily Nummulitacea De Blainville, 1827

Family Nummulitidae De Blainville, 1827

Genus Cycloclypeus van der Vlerk

Large and thin shell, evolute, sub annular with planispiral

space, equatorial section showing large and small nepionic

chambers on the opposite side, large discoidal shells with

annular spaces divided into chambers with secondary septa.

Cycloclypeus sp.

On the vertical section of the equator chamber is clearly

visible, lateral chambers are absent. The edges, flat and in the

centre of the convex (protruding). It has a low centre umbo

surrounded by several additions to a very clear annular space in

the centre.

Stratigraphic range:

Oligocene to Recent.

This species was reported ranges Oligocene to Recent

throughout all the tropics (Boudagher-Fadel and Lokier, 2005).

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Genus Katacycloclypeus Tan Sin Hok, 1932

Tan Sin Hok (1932), in his description of Katacycloclypeus,

assigned it as a new subgenus of Cycloclypeus. However, there

is no direct evidence of intergradation, neither in the model of

the test nor in the embryonic structure between Cycloclypeus

and Katacycloclypeus. Therefore, it considers the two forms to

be generically different (Boudagher-Fadel and Lokier, 2005).

Katacycloclypeus annulatus (Martin, 1880)

Synonym:

Cycloclypeus annulatus Martin, 1880.

Cycloclypeus annulatus Martin - Douvillé, 1916.

Cycloclypeus (Katacycloclypeus) annulatus (Martin) - Cole,

1963.

Katacycloclypeus annulatus (Martin) - Boudagher-Fadel and

Wilson, 2000.

This species has two embryonic chambers, the third chamber

on Katacycloclypeus annulatus is smaller. On the vertical

section of the equator chamber is clearly visible, lateral

chambers are absent. The edges, flat and in the middle can

have multiple bulges. It has a large, thin test with a low central

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umbo surrounded by several annular inflations of the solid

lateral walls, each inflation is separated by broad, flat annuli

from the next annular inflation to a very clear annular space in

the centre. It also has a clearly trilocular embryont.

Maximum diameter up to 6 mm; Diam. I/ Diam. II = 0.75

(Boudagher-Fadel and Lokier, 2005).

Stratigraphic range:

Middle Miocene (Tf1-Tf2).

Katacycloclypeus annulatus is found in Middle Miocene (Tf1-

Tf2) of the Indo-Pacific. This species was reported from the

Early Miocene of West Java. Boudagher-Fadel and Wilson

(2000) suggests it is found from the lower Mid Miocene, Tf2

(early Serravallian) of Borneo. It is found in the Tf1

(Langhian) and Tf2 (Serravallian) of Djatirago section (TAN)

and Kederakon section (WB13) in the Gunung Sewu area of

South Central Java (Boudagher-Fadel and Lokier, 2005).

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Superfamily Asterigerinacea DʼOrbigny, 1839

Family Lepidocyclinidae Scheffen, 1932

Subfamily Lepidocyclininae Scheffen, 1932

Genus Lepidocyclina Gümbel, 1870 emend. Boudagher-

Fadel and Banner, 1997

Large, discoidal, biconcave, multiple-chambered shells where

the connection between the chambers is connected to the stolon

(tubular pores). It has protoconch and deuteroconch of almost

the same size and is separated by a straight wall.

Subgenus Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) Douvillé, 1911

emend. Boudagher-Fadel and Banner, 1997

Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) oneatensis Cole, 1945

Synonym:

Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) oneatensis Cole, 1945.

Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) cf. sumatrensis (Brady) –

Barberi et al., 1987.

Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) oneatensis Cole - Boudagher-

Fadel, et al., 2000.

In the vertical section of the equatorial chamber enlarged

toward the edge, the embryonic chamber is not visible, there

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are lateral chambers that are cut off by pillars. The vertical wall

separating the lateral stack of chambers usually thickens.

Size generally diameter 8 mm; centrum cubiculae up to 50 µm

high and 200 µm broad; lateral chamberlet walls maximum

thickness 140 µm. The equatorial section showed the

protoconch to be subquadrate (sensu Boudagher-Fadel and

Banner, 1997), or “trybliolepidine” (sensu van der Vlerk and

Postuma, 1967). The biconvex and broadly flanged test

possesses no true pillars but the vertical walls separating

vertical stacks of lateral chamberlets (cubiculae) are commonly

thickened, producing dichotomising and anastomosing lateral

characteristic of Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) oneatensis

(Boudagher-Fadel and Lokier, 2005).

Stratigraphic range:

Late Oligocene to Miocene.

This species is found in the Gomantong Limestone of the

Upper Te, Late Oligocene-Early Miocene, of North East

Borneo (Boudagher-Fadel et al., 2000). It is found in the Tf1

(Upper Burdigalian) and Tf2 (Serravallian) of Kali Sambi

section (SAM) in the Gunung Sewu area of South Central Java

(Boudagher-Fadel and Lokier, 2005).

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Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) rutteni quadrata Boudagher-

Fadel and Banner, 1997

Synonym:

Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) rutteni van der Vlerk, 1923.

Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) rutteni quadrata Boudagher-

Fadel and Banner, 1997.

In the horizontal section of the equatorial chamber in the shape

of pointed arcuate, with the arrangement of concentric-shaped

chambers, the embryonic chamber is clearly visible where

protoconch is smaller than the deuteroconch, the lateral shape

of the chamber is angled. It has a quadrate proloculus.

Maximum length 4 mm; maximum wide 3.5 mm, centrum

cubiculae up to 54 µm high and 90 µm broad; megalospheric

nepiont ca. 200 µm, Diam. I/ Diam. II = 0.6. (Boudagher-Fadel

and Lokier, 2005).

Stratigraphic range:

Middle Miocene (Tf2).

Lepidocyclina rutteni s.l. was first reported from the

“Vindobonian” of Java. The quadrate forms of Lepidocyclina

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rutteni are found in the Tf2 (Serravallian) of Kali Sambi

section (SAM) in the Gunung Sewu area of South Central Java

(Boudagher-Fadel dan Lokier, 2005).

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Superfamily Nummulitacea De Blainville, 1827

Family Nummulitidae De Blainville, 1827

Subfamily Heterostegininae Galloway, 1933

Genus Heterostegina d’Orbigny

Thick shells, involute to evolute with chambers divided by

secondary septa to form small chambers. The centre of the

shell is thickened, the initial chamber is undivided, which is

then divided by the secondary septa. No extension, with high

suture.

Heterostegina (Vlerkina) borneensis (van der Vlerk)

Chamber arranged planispiral, enlarging rapidly at 2 to 4.4

rounds, proloculus is clear, slippery walls, there is secondary

septa to form chamberlet (chambers).

Stratigraphic range:

Late Oligocene (Te) to Early Miocene (Tf1).

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Heterostegina (Vlerkina) sp. (van der Vlerk)

In a vertical section no lateral chamber is found on the

calcareous masses found on either side of the equatorial layer,

there is a prolongation alar, the proloculus is not apparent. The

shape of a long flat section, the median chamber is cut into

pieces by the septa. The lateral chambers are not clear.

Stratigraphic range:

Upper Oligocene to Miocene.

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Family Planorbulinidae Schwager, 1877

Genus Planorbulinella Cushman, 1927

Discoidal shell, trochospiral, retrovert aperture form

subsequent chamber rotation comes from an irregular orbitoid

form. The walls are calcareous, have rough holes, radiate

structures. After the establishment of a chamber with two

stolons, one or more gain has one stolon.

Planorbulinella solida (Belford)

The embryonic chamber is clearly visible, with the

arrangement of a trochospiral-shaped chamber, has a shorter

lateral chamber.

Stratigraphic range:

Middle Miocene to Late Miocene.

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Subfamily Victoriellinae Chapman and Crespin, 1930

Family Victoriella Chapman and Crespin, 1930

Genus Victoriella Chapman and Crespin, 1930

Victoriella sp. Chapman and Crespin, 1930

The carbonate shell, the substrate, the rotaloid in the nepionic

chamber, then grows into a cylindrical shape composed of

irregular chamber, separated by a septa, surrounded by thick

cylindrical walls.

Stratigraphic range:

Oligocene to Early Miocene.

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CHAPTER V

AGE AND

DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT

The larger foraminifera are the most important marker to age

determination and depositional environment interpretation in

shallow marine carbonate.

5.1 AGE

The appearance of larger foraminifera species marker,

Katacycloclypeus annulatus in association with Heterostegina

(Vlerkina) borneensis and Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina), in

the intraclast-larger foram bioclastic packstone unit, the lowest

part of Calcarenite Member of Pamutuan Formation, indicates

the Tf1 stage of Adam’s letter classification (Table 5.1). This

aged zone is identified within the early Middle Miocene period

(Isnaniawardhani, et al., 2018). This stage is determined

corresponds to 18.7 M.Y. before present (Sharaf, et al., 2006).

The presence of larger foraminifera species marker,

Austrotrillina howchini and Katacycloclypeus annulatus, in the

larger foram bioclastic packstone unit, that overlaying the

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lowest unit, indicates the Tf1-Tf2 stage of Adam’s letter

classification. The last appearance of Austrotrillina howchini

marks the top of Tf2 (Table 5.1). This aged zone is identified in

Middle Miocene period (Isnaniawardhani, et al., 2018).

The appearance of larger foraminifera species marker,

Lepidocyclina (Neprolepidina) rutteni quadrata, in the larger

foram bioclastic grainstone unit, the upper part of Calcarenite

Member of Pamutuan Formation indicates the Tf2 stage of

Adam’s letter classification (Table 5.1). This aged zone is

identified within the latest Middle Miocene period

(Isnaniawardhani, et al., 2018).

Table 5.1. Stratigraphic ranges of larger foraminifera species

marker observed in Calcarenite Member of Pamutuan

Formation in Cintaratu

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References to most papers on Indo-Pacific Tertiary larger

forams can be found in Adams (1970, 1983).

Table 5.2. Range of selected larger foraminifera marker species

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5.2 DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT

The abundant larger foraminifera (genera Alanlordia,

Amphistegina, Cycloclypeus, Heterostegina and

Planorbilinela) associated with coral, red algae and planktic

foraminifera with a limited number of small miliolid and

rotaloid are found in the intraclast-larger foram bioclastic

packstone unit. This fossil assemblages reflects depositional

process occurring in the fore reef with high sun light intensity.

Many skeletal limestones fragments containing foraminifera

and stromatolite illustrate that this unit formed at a slope in

front of the reef’s body (Figure 5.1) (Isnaniawardhani, et al.,

2018).

The high diversity of larger foraminifera with abundant small

miliolid and rotaloid associated with few green algae

(Halimeda), coral, bryozoan and mollusk in the larger foram

bioclastic packstone unit as well as the larger foram bioclastic

grainstone unit indicate back reef environment (Figure 5.1)

(Isnaniawardhani, et al., 2018).

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Figure 5.1. Models of Cenozoic larger foraminifera

distribution in carbonate facies (van Gorsel, 1988)

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REFERENCES

Adisaputra, M.K (1992) Penentuan umur berdasarkan biometri

dan lingkungan pengendapan foraminifera besar Tersier-

Kuarter. Pusat Pengembangan Geologi Kelautan, 43 pp.

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isotope and biostratigraphic ages of uplift fossil reef in the

Indo-Pasific: Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Fiji.

Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 58 (1), 61-73

Boudagher-Fadel, M.K., Lokier, S. W. (2005) Significant

Miocene larger foraminifera from South Central Java. Revue

de Paléobiologie, Genève, 24 (1), 291-309

Boudagher-Fadel, M.K, Wilson, M. (2000) A revision of some

larger foraminifera of the Miocene of Southeast Kalimantan.

Micropaleontology, 46, 153-165

Isnaniawardhani, V., Rinawan, R., Prianggoro, B. (2012) The

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Bulletin of Scientific Contribution, (10)2, 95-107

Isnaniawardhani, V., Adhiperdana, B.G., Sudradjat, A,

Sulaksana, N. (2018) The dynamics of the developing

calcarenite member of Pamutuan Formation in Cintaratu Area,

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Loeblich, A.R. Jr., Tappan, H. (1988) Foraminiferal genera and

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Lunt, P., Allan, T. (2004) A history and application of larger

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Simanjuntak, T. O., Surono (1992) Geological map of

Pangandaran quadrange, West Java, Sheet 1309 – 1, scale

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Soeria-Atmadja, R., Maury, R. C., Bellon, H., Pringgoprawiro,

H., Polves, Priadi, B. (1994), Tertiary magmatic belt in Java.

Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences, 9 (1/2), 13-27

Syafri, I., Sulastri, M., Sobarin, O., Rossa, Y., Khaerani, P.

(2016) Limestone potential in Cikatomas region and its role

towards development of southern part of West Java, Indonesia.

Proceeding of FIG Working Week 2016 Recovery from

Disaster, New Zealand

Tan Sin Hok (1936) Zur kenntniss der Miogypsiniden.

Ingenieur Nederland-Indie, Mijnbouw Geologie, 4(3), 45 - 61

van der Vlerk, I. M. (1966) Miogypsinoides, Miogypsina,

Lepidocyclina and Cycloclypeus of Larat, Moluccas. Eclogae

Geologicae Helvetiae, 59 (1), 421-429

van der Vlerk, I. M., Postuma, J. A. (1967) Oligo-Miocene

Lepidocyclinas and planktonic foraminifera from East Java and

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Madura. Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van

Wetenschappen, Amsterdam, Proceedings, ser.B (76), 245-259

van Gorsel, J.T. (1988) Biostratigraphy in Indonesia: methods,

pitfalls and new directions. Proc. Indonesian Petroleum

Association, 17th

Annual Convention, 275 – 300

van Vessem, E.J. (1978) Study of Lepidocyclinidae from

Southeast Asia, particularly from Java and Borneo. Utrecht

Micropaleontological Bulletin, 19, 163 pp.

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i

KATA PENGANTAR

Katalog Foraminifera Besar dalam Anggota Kalkarenit

Formasi Pamutuan disusun berdasarkan penelitian di lapangan

dan analisis laboratorium secara detil terhadap batugamping di

Cintaratu, Kabupaten Pangandaran, Jawa Barat, Indonesia.

Buku ini disusun sebagai pelengkap referensi foraminifera di

Indonesia. Hanya sedikit studi taksonomi foraminifera di

Indonesia yang telah dilakukan oleh peneliti-peneliti dunia,

diantaranya, oleh Boudagher-Fadel dan Lokier (2005) di Jawa

Tengah Selatan, Isnaniawardhani, dkk. (2012) di Bogor – Jawa

Barat, Sharaf, dkk (2006) di Jawa Timur, Boudagher-Fadel dan

Wilson (2000) di Kalimantan Tenggara, van Vessem (1978) di

Jawa dan Kalimantan, van der Vlerk dan Postuma (1976) di

Jawa Timur dan Madura, van der Vlerk (1966) di Maluku, serta

dikompilasi oleh Bromfield dan Renema (2011), Lunt dan

Allan (2004), van Gorsel (1988), Adisaputra (1992) dan Tan

Sin Hok (1936).

Buku katalog ini menyajikan keberadaan geologi, pemrosesan

sampel, deskripsi sistematis, foto dan kisaran stratigrafi dari

sejumlah spesies foraminifera besar yang terekam pada

batugamping di Cintaratu. Mengikuti klasifikasi Loeblich dan

Tappan (1988), dan genus disusun secara sistematis alfabetikal

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dalam kategori superfamily atau family, dan family kelompok

taksa dalam suborder disusun berdasarkan suksesi evolusi atau

penambahan kompleksitas. Deskripsi umumnya difokuskan

pada morfologi cangkang baik eksternal dan internal. Foto

disajikan untuk memberikan ilustrasi dan memperjelas

deskripsi. Kisaran stratigrafi diberikan sampai tingkat seri atau

masa. Buku referensi ini akan sangat membantu peneliti

foraminifera di segala tingkatan dalam mengidentifikasi fosil

maupun mengaplikasikan dalam studi geologi dan lingkungan.

Penghargaan mendalam ditujukan kepada Rektor Universitas

Padjadjaran atas dorongan dan dukungan dalam pengamatan

mikropaleontologi sebagai bagian dari riset yang dibiayai oleh

Academic Leadership Grants (ALG) no. 855/UN6.3.1/PL

/2017. Penulis berterimakasih kepada Prof. Dr. Ir. Adjat

Sudradjat, M.Sc dan Prof. Dr. Ir. Nana Sulaksana, MSP untuk

mengoreksi naskah dan memberi saran yang berguna.

Terimakasih juga kepada kolega di Departemen Geosains dan

asisten geologi (Sisca, Winda dan Fakhrul) untuk dukungan

dan bantuan selama penelitian.

Bandung, 19 Februari 2018

Vijaya Isnaniawardhani

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ABSTRAK

Pengamatan lapangan dan analisis laboratorium secara detil

dilakukan pada batugamping di Cintaratu. Kumpulan

foraminifera besar ditemukan pada unit-unit Packstone

bioklastik intraklas – foram besar, Packstone bioklastik foram

besar dan Grainstone bioklastik foram besar pada Anggota

Kalkarenit Formasi Pamutuan. Duabelas spesies/subspesies

dapat dideterminasi dalam sampel, yaitu, Alanlordia

banyakensis, Amphistegina quoyii, Amphistegina sp.,

Austrotrillina howchini, Cycloclypeus sp., Katacycloclypeus

annulatus, Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) oneatensis,

Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) rutteni quadrata,

Heterostegina (Vlerkina) borneensis, Heterostegina (Vlerkina)

sp., Planorbulinella solida dan Victoriella sp. Deskripsi

sistematis, kisaran stratigrafi yang dilengkapi oleh foto dari

setiap taksa disajikan dengan jelas. Kehadiran

Katacycloclypeus annulatus dan Heterostegina (Vlerkina)

borneensis dalam unit Packstone bioklastik intraklas – foram

besar, bagian paling bawah dari Anggota Kalkarenit,

menunjukkan zona umur Tf1 atau awal Miosen Tengah.

Kehadiran Austrotrillina howchini dan Lepidocyclina

(Nephrolepidina) rutteni quadrata berturut-turut dalam unit-

unit di atasnya menunjukkan bahwa pembentukan suksesi

batugamping ini berlangsung hingga zona umur Tf2 atau akhir

Miosen Tengah.

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ABSTRACT

Detail field observation and laboratory analysis were

conducted on limestone in Cintaratu. Larger foraminifera

assemblages were found in the intraclast-larger foram

bioclastic packstone, the larger foram bioclastic packstone and

the larger foram bioclastic grainstone units of Calcarenite

Member of Pamutuan Formation. Twelve species/subspecies

can be determined in samples, among all, Alanlordia

banyakensis, Amphistegina quoyii, Amphistegina sp.,

Austrotrillina howchini, Cycloclypeus sp., Katacycloclypeus

annulatus, Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) oneatensis,

Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) rutteni quadrata,

Heterostegina (Vlerkina) borneensis, Heterostegina (Vlerkina)

sp., Planorbulinella solida and Victoriella sp. Systematic

description, stratigraphic range completed by photograph of

each taxa were clearly presented. The appearance of

Katacycloclypeus annulatus and Heterostegina (Vlerkina)

borneensis in the intraclast-larger foram bioclastic packstone

unit, the lowest part of Calcarenite Member, indicates Tf1

stage or early Middle Miocene aged. The appearance of

Austrotrillina howchini and Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina)

rutteni quadrata respectively in upper units indicates that the

formation of this limestone succession was running until Tf2

stage or late Middle Miocene.

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DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................... i

ABSTRAK ......................................................................... iii

ABSTRACT ....................................................................... iv

DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................... v

BAGIAN I FORAMINIFERA BESAR ............................. 1

BAGIAN II GEOLOGI ...................................................... 4

BAGIAN III PEMPROSESAN SAMPEL ......................... 15

BAGIAN IV DESKRIPSI SISTEMATIK DAN KISARAN

STRATIGRAFI .................................................................. 19

BAGIAN V UMUR DAN LINGKUNGAN

PENGENDAPAN .............................................................. 44

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................ 50

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BAGIAN I

FORAMINIFERA BESAR

Foraminifera merupakan suatu kelompok mikrofosil, berukuran

antara 0,1 hingga 1 mm, biasanya kira-kira antara 0,3 hingga

0,4 mm (berbutir pasir halus). Jenis ini diklasifikasikan ke

dalam Subkingdom Protozoa, Kingdom Protista (Loeblich dan

Tappan, 1988).

Foraminifera memiliki tubuh sitoplasmik tertutupi oleh

cangkang atau rangka dari satu atau lebih kamar yang saling

berhubungan. Dinding cangkang mungkin homogen atau

berlapis-lapis atau lamina baik serupa atau berbeda, mungkin

tidak berpori atau berpori halus hingga kasar, pada dasarnya

protein-nan tapi mungkin mengandung partikel aglutinan, atau

mengandung mineral kalsit, aragonit, atau silika jarang

menempel pada zat organik. Dinding gampingan, mungkin

porselenan, mikrogranular, atau hialin dan secara optik atau

ultrastruktural memancar atau berbutir; sistem kanal atau

stolon dengan kerumitan bervariasi, mungkin ditemukan.

Cangkang ini terbentuk dari material asing aglutinan, atau

kitin, atau bahan gampingan yang dikeluarkan oleh hewan itu

sendiri. Cangkang umumnya memiliki satu atau lebih lubang

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utama yang melaluinya pseudopodia muncul. Generasi seksual

dan aseksual; gamet biflagellata, triflagelata, atau amoeboid.

Foramifera hidup bebas atau jarang sebagai parasit; bentik dan

tertambat atau bergerak, atau pelagis, menyebar pada endapan

Kambrium sampai Holosen. Foraminifera hampir seluruhnya

merupakan hewan laut, meski ada sedikit yang hidup di air

payau atau bahkan air tawar.

Foraminifera besar memiliki cangkang gampingan yang besar

dan kompleks (umumnya berdiameter 2-5mm). Varian besar

beberapa taksa (Cycloclypeus, Eulepidina dan Nummulites)

mencapai lebih dari 5 cm.

Identifikasi pada tingkat spesies umumnya mengikuti fitur

eksternal atau random sayatan tipis. Pada sayatan tipis orientasi

melalui tahap embrio biasanya diperlukan untuk penentuan

spesies atau tingkat perkembangan dalam rangkaian evolusi.

Foraminifera besar hidup di perairan laut tropis atau subtropis

yang dangkal, jernih, dan seringkali berasosiasi dengan

terumbu karang. Beberapa organisma merayap, yang lainnya

hidup menempel pada rumput laut. Sebagian besar, atau semua,

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memiliki hubungan simbiosis dengan alga atau diatom dan

karenanya terbatas pada zona fotik (van Gorsel, 1988).

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BAGIAN II

GEOLOGI

2.1. GEOLOGI REGIONAL

Di Pangandaran, banyak aliran lava dan breksi laharik Formasi

Jampang tersingkap (Syafri, dkk., 2016). Aliran-aliran lava

berjenis basal porfiritik mengandung kalk-alkalin dan elemen

jarang. Pentarikhan umur K-Ar pada sampel dari Sukaraja dan

Pangandaran memberikan nilai berturut-turut 25,0 – 28,0 juta

tahun lalu dan 17,6 – 17,9 juta tahun lalu. Umur batuan di

Pangandaran merupakan yang termuda diantara gunungapi

jalur “Old Andesite”; kemungkinan besar merepsentasikan

bagian paling atas dari Formasi Jampang (Soeria-Atmadja,

dkk., 1994).

Pada saat di bagian barat aktifitas tektonik mengangkat

Pegunungan Selatan, di wilayah Pangandaran busur volkanik

masih berada di bawah laut. Di bagian timur Pegunungan

Selatan aktifitas ini ditandai oleh pembentukan Sesar Citanduy.

Aliran-aliran lava laharik dan breksi volkanik Formasi

Jampang ditutupi secara selaras oleh batupasir, kalkarenit,

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napal, tuf, batulempung dan batugamping Formasi Pamutuan.

Kalkarenit dan batugamping klastika berselingan dengan napal

(dikenal sebagai Anggota Kalkarenit Formasi Pamutuan /Tmpl)

bagian tengah suksesi tersingkap di beberapa tempat. Lapisan-

lapisan ini berselang-seling dengan tuf dan napal (Anggota Tuf

Napalan Formasi Pamutuan/Tmpt). Aluvium menutupi suksesi

batuan Tersier (Simanjuntak dan Surono, 1992; Syafri, dkk.,

2016) (Gambar 2.1).

Gambar 2.1. Peta Geologi Regional Cintaratu dan sekitarnya

(dimodifikasi dari Simanjuntak dan Surono, 1992)

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2.2. GEOLOGI ANGGOTA KALKARENIT FORMASI

PAMUTUAN

Pemetaan detil dilakukan pada daerah seluas kuranglebih 5 km2

yang berlokasi di wilayah Cintaratu. Daerah ini secara

geografis terletak di antara 108°29′39,29′′ dan 108°31′34,27′′

Bujur Barat dan 7°38′21,68′′ dan 7°39′ 36,22′′ Lintang Selatan.

Daerah studi berada sekitar 18 km dari tujuan wisata,

Pangandaran, yang dapat dicapai sekitar 15 km ke arah

Cijulang (ke Barat) dan 3 km melalui jalan lebih kecil setelah

berbelok ke utara di belokan Citumang (Gambar 2.2).

Gambar 2.2. Pengamatan lapangan terhadap batugamping

dilakukan di Cintaratu, Kabupaten Pangandaran.

Suksesi Anggota Kalkarenit yang tersingkap di Cintaratu dapat

dibedakan menjadi lima fasies, yaitu:

1. Packstone bioklastik intraklas – foram besar

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2. Packstone bioklastik foram besar

3. Packstone bioklastik foram planktik

4. Selang-seling batulempung gampingan-batupasir

gampingan

5. Grainstone bioklastik foram besar

Distribusi lateral dan vertikal dari fasies-fasies ini diperlihatkan

pada Gambar 2.3 dan 2.4 (Isnaniawardhani, dkk., 2018).

Karakteristik litologi dari masing-masing fasies dideskripsikan

sebagai berikut.

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Gambar 2.3 Penyebaran lateral Anggota Kalkarenit Formasi

Pamutuan di Cintaratu

(digambar ulang dari Isnaniawardhani, dkk., 2018)

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Gambar. 2.4 Penyebaran vertikal Anggota Kalkarenit

Formasi Pamutuan di Cintaratu

(digambar ulang dari Isnaniawardhani, dkk., 2018)

Unit 1 - Packstone bioklastik intraklas – foram besar

Secara makroskopis, batugamping granular yang segar

berwarna coklat keputih-putihan, batuan yang lapuk berwarna

kuning kecoklatan, didominasi oleh ukuran butir pasir sedang

sampai kasar (½ mm sampai 1 mm), mengandung fragmen-

fragmen clast batugamping terlitifikasi dan semi litifikasi

(intraclast), batuan sedimen, dan fragmen fosil (Gambar 2.5).

Fragmen-fragmen yang tertanam dalam matriks menunjukkan

tekstur dan komposisi yang bervariasi. Struktur sedimen

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perlapisan silang-siur dan laminasi bergelombang terekam di

beberapa singkapan (Isnaniawardhani, dkk., 2018).

Gambar 2.5 Ekspresi permukaan packstone bioklastik intraklas

– foram besar

Secara mikroskopis, batuan didominasi oleh fragmen clast

batugamping dan batuan berbentuk menyudut, terpilah buruk

(maksimal 10%), mineral K-feldspar (1-3%), mikro kuarsa atau

poli-kristalin (1%) dan fragmen fosil (50 -55%). Berbagai

fragmen tertanam dalam matriks yang didominasi mikrit (10-

20%) dan semen (2-6%). Banyak fosil tampak pecah, kropos

atau terabrasi. Mineral kalsit terkristalisasi dengan tekstur

overgrowth sering ditemukan di bagian luar cangkang foram.

Porositas intrapartikel, interpartikel, moldic dan vuggy teramati

(2%). Kehadiran intraklas batugamping koral menunjukkan

sumber batuan yang dekat. (Gambar 2.6) (Isnaniawardhani,

dkk, 2018).

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Gambar 2.6. Sayatan tipis packstone bioklastik intraklas –

foram besar (paralel dan nikol bersilang)

Unit 2 - Packstone bioklastik foram besar

Secara makroskopis, batugamping klastik tersemen baik,

didukung butiran (grain supported), berlapis buruk, dengan

ketebalan rata-rata 15 cm (Gambar 2.7) (Isnaniawardhani, dkk.,

2018).

Gambar 2.7 Ekspresi permukaan packstone bioklastik foram

besar

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Secara mikroskopis batugamping bioklastik terdiri dari

fragmen fosil (55% - 57%), fragmen karbonat (<5%), K-

feldspar (1% - 2%) dan piroksen (1%). Fragmen-fragmen itu

tertanam dalam matriks mikrit dan batulempung (20% - 28%)

dengan semen sparit (1% - 3%). Cangkang fosil sebagian besar

utuh, tidak rusak, dan tidak terabrasi (Gambar 2.8). Porositas

intrapartikel, interpartikel dan vuggy, di beberapa tempat

moldic, dapat teramati (Isnaniawardhani, dkk., 2018).

Gambar 2.8 Sayatan tipis packstone bioklastik foram besar

(paralel dan nikol bersilang)

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Unit 3 - Packstone bioklastik foram planktik

Unit batuan biolastik foram planktik ini terdiri dari

batugamping klastik yang tersemen baik. Spesimen segar

menunjukkan warna putih tulang hingga kecoklatan, dimana

dalam keadaan lapuk berwarna kuning kecoklatan, butiran

didominasi oleh ukuran butir pasir halus (1/16 mm sampai 1

mm). Perlapisan sejajar dan silangsiur ditemukan di beberapa

tempat (Isnaniawardhani, dkk., 2018).

Unit 4 - Selang-seling batulempung gampingan-batupasir

gampingan

Sedimen klastik yang membentuk perselingan antara

batulempung gampingan abu-abu dan batupasir gampingan,

tersemen buruk dan agak lapuk di permukaannya

(Isnaniawardhani, dkk., 2018).

Unit 5 - Grainstone bioklastik foram besar

Secara makroskopis, batugamping klastik foram besar,

dicirikan oleh dominansi fragmen berbutir pasir kasar (1 mm -

2 mm). Tersemen buruk dan lapuk di permukaan dengan

rongga intensif (Gambar 2.9). (Isnaniawardhani, dkk., 2018).

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Gambar 2.9 Ekspresi permukaan grainstone bioklastik foram

besar

Secara mikroskopis, sayatan tipis batugamping menunjukkan

komposisi fragmen fosil (55% - 65%) yang terutama terdiri

dari foram bentik besar dan sejumlah kecil alga. Batuan ini

juga mengandung K-feldspar (2% -5%) dan mineral karbonat

(8% - 15%). Fragmen-fragmen tersebut tertanam dalam matriks

mikrit (<5%) dan semen karbonat (3-5%) (Gambar 2.10).

Rekahan dan porositas vuggy banyak ditemukan

(Isnaniawardhani, dkk., 2018).

Gambar 2.10 Sayatan tipis grainstone bioklastik foram besar

(paralel dan nikol bersilang)

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BAGIAN III

PEMPROSESAN SAMPEL

Sampel-sampel batugamping dikumpulkan untuk diamati lebih

teliti secara makroskopis dan dideterminasi lebih baik di

laboratorium. Sampel segar diambil secara langsung dari

singkapan. Ukuran sampel bervariasi menurut ukuran butir dan

homogenitas batuan. Batuan yang homogen dengan ukuran

butir lebih kecil dari 0,15 cm sampel yang diambil sekitar 7,2 x

9,6 x 2,4 cm. Secara umum sepadan, batuan dengan ukuran 0,3

cm memerlukan sampel dua kali ukuran itu. Sampel yang lebih

besar dikumpulkan jika batuan memiliki ukuran yang lebih

besar atau menunjukkan struktur sedimen.

Sampel batuan yang akan dianalisis disayat dengan mesin

penyayat/gurinda. Sayatan diusahakan memotong struktur

tubuh foraminifera besar dalam arah vertikal dan horisontal

(Gambar 3.1).

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Gambar 3.1. Sampel batuan dipotong dengan mesin

penyayat/gurinda

Gambar 3.2. Sampel ditipiskan pada kedua sisinya

Poles salah satu sisi sampel tersebut dengan menggunakan

bahan abrasif (karbondum) dan air (Gambar 3.3).

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Gambar 3.3 Poles sampel dengan menggunakan karbondum

dan air

Setelah itu, tempel sisi tersebut pada gelas objektif (ukuran

internasional 43 mm x 30 mm) dengan menggunakan kanada

balsam (Gambar 3.4).

Gambar 3.4 Tempel sisi itu pada gelas objektif dengan

menggunakan kanada balsam

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Tipiskan sisi lainnya hingga sampel tersebut menjadi

transparan dan biasanya dengan ketebalan sekitar 30-50 μm.

Setelah mencapai ketebalan tersebut, teteskan Kanada Balsam

secukupnya dan kemudian ditutup dengan gelas penutup. Beri

label, dan sampel siap dideterminasi (Gambar 3.5).

Gambar 3.5 Sampel siap dideterminasi

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BAGIAN IV

DESKRIPSI SISTEMATIK

DAN KISARAN STRATIGRAFI

Superfamily Acervulinoidea Schultze, 1854

Family Acervulinidae Schultze, 1854

Genus Alanlordia Banner dan Samuel, 1995

Cangkang bikonveks, apertur septal, namun beberapa berkisi,

beberapa apertur seperti pori berkembang pada distal, bagian

terluar dinding. Putaran awal menghasilkan bagian punggung

dan perut oleh lapisan dari kamar-kamar kecil yang

berkembang secara radial membentuk suksesi lapisan.

Alanlordia banyakensis Banner dan Samuel, 1955

Pada sayatan horisontal bentuk planispiral, terdapat proloculus,

terputar baik, pori-pori kasar di ujung lengkungan dinding.

Kisaran stratigrafi:

Miosen Tengah (Tf2) hingga Pliosen Akhir.

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Superfamily Asterigerinoida d’Orbigny, 1839

Family Amphisteginidae Cushman, 1927

Genus Amphistegina d’Orbigny, 1826

Cangkang lenticular, trochospiral bikonveks asimetris yang

mungkin bi-involute atau sebagian berlawanan pada sisi

spiral. Kamar-kamar sangat luas, dan punggung melengkung

kuat di bagian tepi membentuk perpanjangan kamar. Sisi

umbilikal stellate, dan memiliki plugs umbilikal yang

berbeda. Dindingnya gampingan, tebal, optis radial, permukaan

halus dan melengkung secara keseluruhan. Celah apertur

interiomarginal di sisi umbilikal, berbatasan dengan bibir.

Amphistegina quoyii d’Orbigny 1826

Pada sayatan vertikal memiliki septa sekunder / tootplate pada

kamar terakhir, sebuah kamar berbentuk involut, dinding

sederhana, terdapat alar prolongation, putaran kamar terakhir

menutupi putaran kamar sebelumnya. Pada sayatan horisontal

bentuk planispiral, terdapat septa, tersusun dalam 4-5 putaran,

evolut, dengan marginal chord jelas.

Kisaran stratigrafi:

Eosen hingga Holosen.

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Amphistegina sp. d’Orbigny, 1826

Pada sayatan vertikal bentuk tidak simetris, memiliki septa

sekunder / tootplate pada kamar terakhir, kamar berbentuk

involut, dinding sederhana, terdapat prolongation alar, putaran

kamar terakhir menutupi putaran kamar sebelumnya.

Kisaran stratigrafi:

Eosen hingga Holosen.

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Superfamily Miliolacea Ehrenberg, 1839

Family Austrotrillinidae Loeblich dan Tappan, 1986

Genus Austrotrillina Parr, 1942

Cangkang triloculina dengan alveoli tertutup yang halus hingga

kasar, bisa terbagi menjadi dua, apertur dengan gigi sederhana

pada kamar pertama, bercabang menjadi bukaan yang lebih

kecil. Memiliki dinding alveoli yang jelas.

Austrotrillina howchini (Schlumberger, 1893)

Sinonim:

Trillina howchini Schlumberger, 1893.

Austrotrillina howchini Schlumberger - Barberi, dkk., 1987.

Pada sayatan horisontal, Austrotrillina howchini tidak hanya

memiliki ruang yang berbentuk segitiga pada bagian melintang

(triangular), tetapi juga yang paling penting memiliki alveolus

yang bercabang, alveolus interior terbagi atau membagi bagian

luar menjadi alveolus yang lebih kecil.

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Diameter terbesar 1,00 mm; alveolus bercabang, d/b = 4;

ketebalan dinding antara alveolus 10 μm. (Boudagher-Fadel

dan Lokier, 2005).

Kisaran stratigrafi:

Miosen Tengah (Tf1).

Barberi, dkk. (1987) merekam spesies ini dari Tf1 (Burdigalian

atas-Langhian) pada suksesi karbonat pulau Sumbawa. Juga

dijumpai dari bagian atas Tf1, puncak Langhian di penampang

Kali Sambi (SAM) di wilayah Gunung Sewu di Jawa Tengah

Selatan (Boudagher-Fadel dan Lokier, 2005).

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Superfamily Nummulitacea De Blainville, 1827

Family Nummulitidae De Blainville, 1827

Genus Cycloclypeus van der Vlerk

Cangkang besar dan tipis, evolut, agak melingkar dengan

bagian planispiral, bagian ekuatorial menunjukkan kamar-

kamar nepionik besar dan kecil di sisi yang berlawanan,

cangkang diskoid besar dengan bagian melingkar yang terbagi

menjadi kamar-kamar dengan septa sekunder.

Cycloclypeus sp.

Pada sayatan vertikal kamar ekuatorial terlihat jelas, kamar

lateral tidak ada. Di tepi, rata dan di tengah cembung

(menonjol). Memiliki umbo pusat rendah yang dikelilingi oleh

beberapa tambahan pada ruang annular yang sangat jelas di

tengahnya.

Kisaran stratigrafi:

Oligosen hingga Resen.

Spesies ini dilaporkan dari Oligosen hingga Resen di seluruh

daerah tropis (Boudagher-Fadel dan Lokier, 2005).

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Genus Katacycloclypeus Tan Sin Hok, 1932

Tan Sin Hok (1932), dalam uraiannya tentang

Katacycloclypeus, menandainya sebagai subgenus baru dari

Cycloclypeus. Namun, tidak ada bukti langsung integrasi, baik

dalam model cangkang maupun struktur embrio antara

Cycloclypeus dan Katacycloclypeus. Oleh karena itu, dirasakan

kedua bentuk tersebut secara generik berbeda (Boudagher-

Fadel dan Lokier, 2005).

Katacycloclypeus annulatus (Martin, 1880)

Sinonim:

Cycloclypeus annulatus Martin, 1880.

Cycloclypeus annulatus Martin - Douvillé, 1916.

Cycloclypeus (Katacycloclypeus) annulatus (Martin) - Cole,

1963.

Katacycloclypeus annulatus (Martin) - Boudagher-Fadel dan

Wilson, 2000.

Spesies ini memiliki dua kamar embrionik, kamar ketiga yang

ada pada Katacycloclypeus annulatus berukuran lebih kecil.

Pada sayatan vertikal kamar ekuator terlihat jelas, kamar lateral

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tidak ada. Bagian tepi, datar dan di bagian tengah bisa

mempunyai beberapa tonjolan. Memiliki cangkang besar, tipis

dengan umbo pusat rendah yang dikelilingi oleh beberapa

lengkungan dari dinding lateral yang padat, setiap lengkungan

dipisahkan oleh annuli yang luas dan datar dari lengkungan

selanjutnya sampai bagian melingkar yang jelas di bagian

tengah. Memiliki embrion triangular yang jelas.

Diameter maksimal mencapai 6 mm; Diam I./ Diam. II = 0,75

(Boudagher-Fadel dan Lokier, 2005).

Kisaran stratigrafi:

Miosen Tengah (Tf1-2).

Katacycloclypeus annulatus ditemukan pada Miosen Tengah

(Tf1-Tf2) dari Indo- Pasifik. Spesies ini dilaporkan dari Miosen

Awal di Jawa Barat. Boudagher-Fadel dan Wilson (2000)

mengemukakan bahwa spesies ini ditemukan dari Miosen

Tengah bagian bawah, Tf2 (Serravallian awal) di Kalimantan.

Dijumpai dalam Tf1 (Langhian) dan Tf2 (Serravallian) di

penampang Djatirago (TAN) dan penampang Kederakon

(WB13) di wilayah Gunung Sewu di Jawa Tengah Selatan

(Boudagher-Fadel dan Lokier, 2005).

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Superfamily Asterigerinacea DʼOrbigny, 1839

Family Lepidocyclinidae Scheffen, 1932

Subfamily Lepidocyclininae Scheffen, 1932

Genus Lepidocyclina Gümbel, 1870 emend. Boudagher-

Fadel dan Banner, 1997

Cangkang besar, diskoid, bikonkaf, beruang banyak, dimana

sambungan antara kamar-kamar terhubung dengan stolon (pori-

pori berbentuk tabung). Memiliki protoconch dan

deuteroconch dengan ukuran hampir sama dan dipisahkan oleh

dinding lurus.

Subgenus Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) Douvillé, 1911

emend. Boudagher-Fadel dan Banner, 1997

Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) oneatensis Cole, 1945

Sinonim:

Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) oneatensis Cole, 1945.

Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) cf. sumatrensis (Brady) –

Barberi dkk., 1987.

Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) oneatensis Cole - Boudagher-

Fadel, dkk., 2000.

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Pada penampang vertikal kamar ekuatorial membesar ke arah

tepi, kamar embrionik tidak terlihat, terdapat kamar lateral

yang terpotong oleh pilar. Dinding vertikal yang memisahkan

kamar-kamar lateral kamar biasanya menebal.

Ukuran umumnya berdiameter 8 mm; centrum cubiculae tinggi

sampai 50 μm dan luas 200 μm; Dinding chamberlet lateral

ketebalan maksimal 140 μm. Penampang ekuatorial

menunjukkan protoconch agak persegi (sensu Boudagher-

Fadel dan Banner, 1997), atau "trybliolepidine" (sensu van der

Vlerk & Postuma, 1967). Cangkang bikonveks dan luas,

memiliki pilar yang bukan sebenarnya tetapi dinding vertikal

yang memisahkan susunan vertikal chamberlets lateral

(cubiculae) biasanya menebal, menghasilkan dichotomising

dan anastomosing lateral yang khas dari Lepidocyclina

(Nephrolepidina) oneatensis (Boudagher-Fadel dan Lokier,

2005).

Kisaran stratigrafi:

Oligosen Akhir hingga Miosen.

Spesies ini ditemukan dalam batugamping Gomantong dari Te

bagian atas, Oligosen Akhir-Miosen Awal dari Kalimantan

Timurlaut (Boudagher-Fadel dkk., 2000). Ditemukan pada Tf1

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(Burdigalian atas) and Tf2 (Serravallian) dari penampang Kali

Sambi (SAM) di wilayah Gunung Sewu di Jawa Tengah

Selatan (Boudagher-Fadel dan Lokier, 2005).

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Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) rutteni quadrata Boudagher-

Fadel dan Banner, 1997

Sinonim:

Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) rutteni van der Vlerk, 1923.

Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) rutteni quadrata Boudagher-

Fadel dan Banner, 1997.

Pada sayatan horisontal kamar equatorial berbentuk pointed

arcuate, dengan susunan kamar berbentuk konsentris, kamar

embrionik terlihat jelas dimana protoconch lebih kecil dari

pada deuteroconch, bentuk kamar lateral menyudut. Memiliki

prolokulus persegi.

Panjang maksimum 4 mm; lebar maksimum 3,5 mm, centrum

cubiculae tinggi hingga 54 μm dan lebar 90 μm; megalospheric

nepiont ca. 200 μm, Diam. I / Diam II = 0,6. (Boudagher-Fadel

dan Lokier, 2005)

Kisaran stratigrafi:

Miosen Tengah (Tf2).

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Lepidocyclina rutteni s.l. pertama kali dilaporkan dari

"Vindobonian" Jawa. Bentuk persegi dari Lepidocyclina rutteni

ditemukan di Tf2 (Serravallian) pada penampang Kali Sambi

(SAM) di wilayah Gunung Sewu di Jawa Tengah Selatan

(Boudagher-Fadel dan Lokier, 2005).

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Superfamily Nummulitacea De Blainville, 1827

Family Nummulitidae De Blainville, 1827

Subfamily Heterostegininae Galloway, 1933

Genus Heterostegina d’Orbigny

Cangkang tebal, involut hingga evolut dengan kamar yang

dibagi oleh septa sekunder hingga membentuk kamar-kamar

kecil. Bagian tengah cangkang menebal, kamar awal tidak

terbagi, kamar selanjutnya dibagi oleh septa sekunder. Tidak

ada perpanjangan, dengan sutura yang tinggi.

Heterostegina (Vlerkina) borneensis (van der Vlerk)

Kamar tersusun secara planispiral, membesar cepat pada

putaran ke 2 sampai 4,4, proloculus terlihat jelas, dinding licin,

terdapat septa sekunder sehingga membentuk chamberlet

(kamar-kamar).

Kisaran stratigrafi:

Oligosen Akhir (Te) hingga Miosen Awal (Tf1).

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Heterostegina (Vlerkina) sp. (van der Vlerk)

Pada sayatan vertikal tidak dijumpai kamar lateral pada massa

gampingan yang terdapat pada kedua sisi lapisan ekuatorial,

terdapat alar prolongation, proloculus tidak terlihat jelas.

Bentuk sayatan pipih memanjang, kamar median terpotong-

potong oleh septa. Kamar lateral tidak jelas.

Kisaran stratigrafi:

Oligosen Atas hingga Miosen.

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Family Planorbulinidae Schwager, 1877

Genus Planorbulinella Cushman, 1927

Cangkang diskoidal, trochosipral, bentuk apertur retrovert dari

putaran kamar selanjutnya berasal dari bentuk orbitoid yang

tidak beraturan. Dinding gampingan, memiliki lubang yang

kasar, struktur memancar. Setelah pembentukan kamar dengan

dua stolon, satu atau lebih kembali memiliki satu stolon.

Planorbulinella solida (Belford)

Kamar embrionik terlihat jelas, dengan susunan kamar

berbentuk trochopsiral, memiliki kamar lateral yang lebih

pendek.

Kisaran stratigrafi:

Miosen Tengah hingga Miosen Akhir.

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Subfamily Victoriellinae Chapman dan Crespin, 1930

Family Victoriella Chapman dan Crespin, 1930

Genus Victoriella Chapman dan Crespin, 1930

Victoriella sp. Chapman dan Crespin, 1930

Cangkang karbonat, substratum, rotaloid pada kamar nepionik,

kemudian tumbuh menjadi bentuk silinder yang tersusun dari

kamar-kamar yang tidak beraturan, yang dipisahkan oleh septa,

dikelilingi oleh dinding silinder yang tebal.

Kisaran stratigrafi:

Oligosen hingga Miosen Awal.

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BAGIAN V

UMUR DAN

LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN

Foraminifera besar adalah penciri yang paling penting untuk

penentuan umur dan interpretasi lingkungan pengendapan pada

karbonat laut dangkal.

5.1. UMUR

Kemunculan spesies petunjuk foraminifera besar,

Katacycloclypeus annulatus berasosiasi dengan Heterostegina

(Vlerkina) borneensis dan Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina),

dalam unit packstone bioklastik intraklas – foram besar, bagian

paling bawah dari Anggota Kalkarenit Formasi Pamutuan,

menunjukkan Tf1 stage dari klasifikasi huruf menurut Adam

(Tabel 5.1). Zona umur ini mengidentifikasikan periode awal

Miosen Tengah (Isnaniawardhani, dkk., 2018). Umur ini

ditentukan berkoresponden dengan 18,7 juta tahun lalu (Sharaf,

dkk., 2006).

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Kehadiran spesies petunjuk foraminifera besar, Austrotrillina

howchini dan Katacycloclypeus annulatus, dalam unit

packstone bioklastik foram besar, yang berada di atas unit

paling bawah, menunjukkan Tf1-Tf2 stage dari klasifikasi huruf

menurut Adam. Pemunculan akhir Austrotrillina howchini

menandai batas atas Tf2 (Tabel 5.1). Zona umur ini

mengidentifikasikan periode Miosen Tengah (Isnaniawardhani,

dkk., 2018).

Kemunculan spesies petunjuk foraminifera besar,

Lepidocyclina (Neprolepidina) rutteni quadrata, dalam unit

grainstone bioklastik foram besar, bagian atas dari Anggota

Kalkarenit Formasi Pamutuan, menunjukkan Tf2 stage dari

klasifikasi huruf menurut Adam (Tabel 5.1). Zona umur ini

mengidentifikasikan dalam periode akhir Miosen Tengah

(Isnaniawardhani, dkk., 2018).

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Tabel 5.1. Kisaran stratigrafi dari spesies petunjuk foraminifera

besar yang teramati dalam Anggota Kalkarenit Formasi

Pamutuan di Cintaratu

Referensi beberapa foraminifera besar di Indo-Pasifik dapat

ditemukan pada Adams (1970, 1983).

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Tabel 5.2. Rentang spesies petunjuk foraminifera besar

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5.2. LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN

Kelimpahan foraminifera besar (genera Alanlordia,

Amphistegina, Cycloclypeus, Heterostegina dan

Planorbilinela) berasosiasi dengan koral, ganggang merah dan

foraminifera planktik dengan sejumlah kecil miliolida dan

rotaloida kecil ditemukan dalam unit packstone bioklastik

intraklas – foram besar. Kumpulan-kumpulan fosil ini

merefleksikan proses pengendapan yang terjadi di depan

terumbu dengan intensitas cahaya tinggi. Banyak fragmen

batugamping skeletal yang mengandung foraminifera dan

stromatolite menggambarkan bahwa unit ini terbentuk pada

lereng di depan tubuh terumbu (Gambar 5.1) (Isnaniawardhani,

dkk., 2018).

Keanekaragaman yang tinggi dari foraminifera besar dengan

kelimpahan miliolida dan rotaloida kecil yang berasosaiasi

dengan beberapa ganggang hijau (Halimeda), koral, bryozoan

dan moluska dalam unit packstone bioklastik foram besar serta

unit grainstone bioklastik foram besar mengindikasikan

lingkungan belakang terumbu (Gambar 5.1) (Isnaniawardhani,

dkk., 2018).

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Gambar 5.1. Model distrubusi foraminifera besar Kenozoikum

pada fasies karbonat (van Gorsel, 1988)

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DAFTAR PUSTAKA

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